cng mn ha hc 8 I.Cc khi nim c bn(t hc thuc). 1. Cc khi nim v phn ng ha hc: (1) Phn ng phn hy, (2) Phn ng th, (3) Phn ng ha hp. 2. Hc v c: (1)Oxit, (2) axit, (3) baz, (4) mui. 3. Dung dch v nng dd: (1) dung dch, (2) dd bo ha, (3) dd cha bo ha, (4) tan, (5)Nng % , (6) Nng mol. 4. Tnh cht vt l, ng dng ca H2, O2, H2O(c hiu).

II.Tnh cht ha hc v iu ch

1. O2 1. P + O2 .. 2. S + O2 . 3. Al + O2 .. 4. Na + O2 .. 5. .. + O2 H2O 6. . + O2 Fe3O4 7. KMnO4 + .. + . 8. KClO3 + ..

2. H2 1. CuO + H2 .. + . 2. Fe3O4 + H2 . + 3. FexOy + H2 Fe + . 4. Al + HCl .. + .. 5. Zn + HCl .. + . 6. Al + H2SO4 .. + .. 7. Mg + H2SO4 .. + .

3. H2O Na + H2O .. + Na2O + H2O Ca + H2O . + . CaO + H2O N2O5 + H2O SO3 + H2O P2O5 + H2O .. BaO + H2O . K2O + H2O ..

III. Mt s bi tp trc nghim 1. Hcvc:

BT1: Cht no sau y l oxit baz : A. CuO. B. CaCO3. C. CO2. D. HNO3.

BT2: Cht no sau y l oxit axit : A. CuO. B. CaCO3. C. CO2. D. HNO3.

BT3: Cht no sau y l axit c oxi : A. HCl. B. H2S. C. NH3. D. HNO3.

BT4: Cht no sau y khng phi l axit : A. HCl. B. H2S. C. NH3. D. HNO3.

BT5: Cht no sau y l baz : A. NaCl. B. S(OH)6. C. Ca(OH)2. D. HNO3 .

BT6: Cht no sau y khng phi l mui axit : A. Na2CO3. B. KHS . C. Ca(HCO3)2. D. NaH2PO4.

2. Dung dch, nng dung dch: BT7: Trong cc cht sau, cht no l dung mi: A. NaCl B. CaCO3 C. C12H22O11 D. H2O

BT8: Trong cc cht sau, cht no l cht tan: A. NaCl B. Cn C. axeton D. H2O BT9: DD phi c tnh cht no sau y: A. Trn ln. B. Cc cht phi c cng trng thi. C. ng nht. D. Phn lp. BT10: Trong cc ng dung dch NaCl. Vy trong cc c cha bao nhiu cht : A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

BT11: Cho thm mui NaCl vo cc dung dch KNO3 v khuy u thu c dung dchX. Vy dung dch X c bao nhiu cht tan : A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4. BT12: S mol HCl c trong 250 ml dung dch HCl 0,8M l: A. 0,25. B. 0,2. C. 0,8. D. 0,3125.

BT13: S mol HCl c trong 300 gam dung dch HCl 7,3% l: A. 0,3. B. 0,6. C. 0,73. D. 0,21.

BT14: Trong 800 gam dung dch H2SO4 4% c m gam H2SO4. Vy gi tr ca m l: A. 20. B. 80. C. 32. D. 8.

BT15: Trong 800 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,5M c m gam H2SO4. Vy gi tr ca m l: A. 20. B. 80. C. 39,2. D. 38,4.

BT16: Ha tan 40 gam NaCl vo 360 gam nc c dung dch NaCl c nng a%. Vy gi tr ca a l: A. 40%. B. 11,43%. C. 10%. D. 15%. BT17: Ha tan 20 gam NaOH vo nc c 400 ml dung dch NaOH c nng b M. Gi tr ca b l: A. 0,5. B. 0,4. C. 0,8. D. 1,25. BT18: Trn 200 ml dung dch HCl 0,3M vi 300 ml dung dch HCl 3M, thu c dung dch HCl a M. Vy gi tr ca a l: A. 0,25. B. 0,2. C. 0,8. D. 1,92. BT19: Trn 200 gam dung dch HCl 5% vi 300 gam dung dch HCl 30%, thu c dung dch HCl a%. Vy gi tr ca a l: A. 10. B. 20. C. 30. D. 25. BT20: Dung dch bo ha NaCl 250C c tan l 36 gam. Vy nng % ca NaCl trong dd bo ha nhit l: A. 26,5%. B. 25,6%. C. 36%. D. 13,6%. 3. Tnh cht vt l, ha hc ca O2, H2, H2O BT21: O2 khng tc dng vi kim loi no sau y, k c nhit cao: A. Na. B. Cu. C. Fe. D. Au.

BT22: Cho cc cht sau y: CH4, Pt, Na, H2, Au, P, Fe, S, Cu, Ag, C, Al. k thch hp, O2 tc dng c vi bao nhiu cht trong s cc cht trn: A. 11. B. 12. C. 10. D. 9.

CTHH ca cc cht sn phm l CO2, H2O,....................................................................................... BT23: k nhit cao, H2 khng tc dng vi oxit kim loi no sau y: A. PbO. B. CuO. C. Fe2O3. D. Al2O3.

CTHH ca cc cht sn phm cc p n cn li ln lt l...................................................... BT24: Pht biu no sau y sai: A. Nc l dung mi ha tan c nhiu cht hu c v v c. B. Nc c th tn ti ba trng thi: rn , lng, kh. C. Hidro oxit b phn hy bi dng in to thnh H2 v O2. D. nc trong cc thy tinh iu kin thng, ta thy nc b thm ra ngoi. BT25: Nc khng tc dng vi kim loi no sau y, xt iu kin thng : A. Na. B. Ca. C. K. D. Cu.

BT26: Nc khng tc dng vi oxit baz no sau y: A. Na2O. B. CaO. C. Al2O3. D. K2O.

CTHH ca cc cht sn phm cc p n cn li ln lt l...................................................... BT27: Nc tc dng vi oxit axit no sau y, xt iu kin thng:

A. CO. B. MnO2. C. CaO. D. P2O5.

BT28: Cho cc cht sau y: CO2, Al2O3, CaO, SO3, K2O, CuO, Ag, N2O5, Na2O, P2O5, Na. k thch hp nc c th tc dung c vi bao nhiu cht trong s cc cht cho: A. 9. B. 10. C. 7. D. 8.

BT29: nhn bit hai l kh ring bit : O2, CO2. Ngi ta dng: A. Tn m. B. Tn m . C. Nc vi trong. D. C B,C u ng. BT30: nhn bit hai l kh ring bit : O2, H2. Ngi ta dng: A. Dng chu chu cn sng. B. Tn m . C. Dng bt CuO. D. C A, B,C u ng. BT31: Khng c cht no sau y th khng c s sng: A. O2. B. Ca. C. H2O. D. C A, C. 4. Bi tp tnh theo pthh c bn BT32: Kh ht 9,6 gam CuO cn dng V lt H2 (kc). Gi tr ca V l : A. 2,688. B. 2,24. C. 3,36. D. 1,12.

BT33: Kh ht m gam CuO cn dng 8,4 lt H2 (kc). Gi tr ca m l : A. 20. B. 30. C. 10. D. 40.

BT34: t chy ht m gam S cn dng V lt khng kh, thu c 14,08 gam SO2. Vy gi tr ca V l: A. 22,4. B. 24,46. C. 24,64. D. 4,928.

BT35: Ha tan ht 5,2 gam Zn cn dng V lt dd HCl 0,5M, thu c m gam ZnCl2 v c V1 lt H2 thot ra ktc. Gi tr ca V, V1 ln lt l: A. 0,32 v 1,792. B. 0,16 v 1,792. C. 3,584 v 1,792. D. 7,168 v 1,792.

BT36: Ha tan ht m gam Al cn dng m1 gam dd HCl 7,3%, thu c dd mui nhm clorua v c 0,672 lt H2 thot ra ktc. Gi tr ca m, m1 ln lt l: A. 0,54 v 15. B. 0,54 v 30. C. 0,81 v 30. D. 0,54 v 1,344.

BT37: Kh 12,8 gam CuO ngi ta dng 3,136 lt H2 (kc), sau khi phn ng kh nhit cao xy ra xong, thu c m gam cht rn v m1 gam H2O. a. Gi tr ca m1 l : A. 2,25. B. 5,22. C. 3,52. D. 2,52. b. Gi tr ca m l: A. 10,56. B. 10,65. C. 8,96. D.10,24. BT38: Cho 2,16 gam bt Al vo 400 gam dd HCl 7,3%, thu c dd c m gam axit clorhidric d. Sau phn hon ton, thu c m1 gam mui nhm clorua v c V lt H2 thot ra ktc. a. Gi tr ca m1 l: A. 106,8 . B. 16,08. C. 10,68. D. 18,06. b. Gi tr ca V l: A. 1,792 . B. 2,688. C. 17,92. D. 2,866. c. Gi tr ca m l: A. 8,76 . B. 20,44. C. 24,04. D. 20,48.

II. Mt s bi tp t lun 1. Tnh mol ca: a. NaOH c trong 200 gam dd NaOH 8%. b. H2SO4 c trong 200 ml dd NaOH 0,8M.

c. NaOH c trong 200 gam dd NaOH 1M( c D = 1,05 g/ml)

d. NaOH c trong 300 ml dd NaOH 10%( c D = 1,25 g/ml)

2. Bi ton c bn BT1: Ha tan ht 2,48 gam Na2O vo nc c 200 ml dd X. Tnh CM ca cht tan trong dd X. BT2: Ha tan ht 56,8 gam P2O5 vo 343,2 nc c 200 ml dd X. Tnh C% ca cht tan trong dd X.

BT3: Ha tan ht m gam Al cn dng m1 gam dd HCl 7,3%, thu c dd c m2 mui nhm clorua v c 0,8064 lt H2 thot ra ktc. Tnh m, m1 v m2. BT4: Cho 3,24 gam bt Al vo 300 gam dd HCl 7,3%, thu c dd c m gam axit clorhidric d. Sau phn hon ton, thu c m1 gam mui nhm clorua v c V lt H2 thot ra ktc. Tnh: a. V = ?. b. Khi lng d ca cht tham gia phn ng cn d. c. m1 =? (2 cch).

BT5: Cho 6,48 gam bt Al vo 500 gam dd HCl 7,3%, sau phn ng hon ton thu c dd X v c V lt H2(kc) thot ra. Tnh: a. V = ? b. Khi lng cht d? c. Khi lng mui to ra(2 cch) ? 3. Bi tp s chuyn i ha hc: Vit cc pthh hon thnh s chuyn i ha hc sau: a. KClO3 (1) ---------> O2 (2) --------> Na2O (3) -----------> NaOH

b. KMnO4 (1) ---------> O2 (2) --------> P2O5 (3) -----------> H3PO4 c. KClO3 (1) ---------> O2 (2) --------> SO3 (3) -----------> H2SO4 (4) -----------> MgSO4 4. Bi tp pha ch dd Tnh ton v nu cch pha ch: a. 200 gam dd CuSO4 5%. b. 200 ml dd NaOH 0,5M.

5. Tn HCVC

Cch c tn cht v c 1. Tn oxit baz = Tn . + ha tr (nu .) + Oxit. 2. Tn oxit axit = Tn .... + i(2), tri(3), tetra(4), penta(5)+ ...

3. Tn axit khng c oxi = axit + tn .... + hidric

Tn .. = tn phi kim + ua

4. Tn axit c oxi = axit + tn .... + ic hoc Tn gc axit c oxi = tn ..+ at (nu axit c) hoc it(.) 5. Tn baz = Tn kim loi + ha tr (nu kim loi ca nhiu ha tr) + hidroxit. 6. Tn Mui = Tn .... + ha tr (nu ...) + tn.... Cng thc ha hc Tn cht Cng thc ha hc Tn cht

P2O5 HCl

St (III) Oxit Axit Sunfuric

Natri hidroxit NaHCO3

Fe(OH)3 ng (II) Sunfat

Lp CTHH v c tn cc hcvc to bi cc thnh phn: a. Fe(II) v OH(I) --> ......... ......................... ---> .............................

b. Fe(II), S(II) --->......... ......................... ---> .............................

c. Fe(III), O ----> ......... ......................... ---> .............................

d. Fe(III), Cl(I) ---->......... ......................... ---> .............................

e. Cu(II), SO4 (II) ---->......... ......................... ---> .............................

g. Fe(III), NO3 (I) ---->......... ......................... ---> .............................

h. Ca(II), CO3 (II)---->......... ......................... ---> .............................

i. K(I), S(II) ---->......... ......................... ---> .............................

k. Cu(II), O ---->......... ......................... ---> .............................

l. Zn(II), SO4 (II) ---->......... ......................... ---> .............................

m. Fe(III), SO4 (II)---->......... ......................... ---> .............................

n. Ca(II), PO4 (III) ---->......... ......................... ---> .............................

o. Ba(II), H2PO4 (I) ---->......... ......................... ---> .............................

p. S(VI), O ---->......... ......................... ---> .............................

q. P(V), O---->......... ......................... ---> .............................