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ICE Introdução 3

Section 1 – Vocabulary Part A 1. Abordagem do vocabulário – Introdução 72. Como aprender vocabulário 73. Enquadramento 8

Part B 1. Mind maps 92. Word formation 172.1. Compound words 172.2. Affixes – prefixes and suffixes 223. Collocations 254. Idioms 275. Dictionary work 30

Part C – Check your progress 1 32

Section 2 – Grammar Part A 1. Abordagem da gramática – Introdução 39

Part B 1. Pronouns and determiners 401.1. Pronouns 401.2. Determiners 412. Verb tenses 462.1. Present Simple 462.2. Present Continuous 462.3. Past Simple 472.4. Past Continuous 482.5. Present Perfect 482.6. Present Perfect Continuous 492.7. Past Perfect 492.8. Past Perfect Continuous 502.9. Future with will 502.10. Future with going to 512.11. Future Continuous 513. Modal verbs 564. Infinitive vs. -ing form 584.1. To + infinitive 584.2. -ing form 584.3. Verbs that can be followed both by

to + infinitive and -ing form 594.4. Infinitive without to or bare infinitive 594.5. Verbs that can be followed both by

to + infinitive and bare infinitive 595. If-clauses 625.1. Type 0 625.2. Type I 62

5.3. Type II 625.4. Type III 626. Passive voice 666.1. Omission of the agent 666.2. Passive with double object 667. Reported speech 707.1. Reporting verbs 707.2. Changes in the verb tenses 707.3. Changes in pronouns and determiners 717.4. Changes in time and place expressions 717.5. Reporting questions 718. Connectors 768.1. Coordinate and subordinate clauses 768.2. Connectors and their meaning 768.3. Purpose clauses 778.4. Contrast clauses 789. Relative clauses 829.1. Relative pronouns and relative adverbs 829.2. Defining relative clauses 829.3. Non-defining relative clauses 82

10. Comparatives and superlatives 8510.1. Comparatives 8510.2. Superlatives 86


Section 3 – Reading comprehension Part A – Processo de abordagem do texto 1. Introdução 942. A leitura no Programa de Inglês 943. Ler como? Estratégias de eficácia no

processo de leitura 96

Part B 1. Languages 971.1. Leaflet 971.2. Letter 992. Technology 1022.1. For and against essay 1022.2. Film review 1043. Communication 1073.1. Report 1073.2. Interview 1094. Teenagers 1124.1. Narration 1124.2. News article 115


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ICE Section 4 – Writing

Part A 1. Abordagem da produção escrita

– Introdução 1302. Enquadramento 1302.1. Tipos de texto 1323. Estratégias – Como melhorar a produção

escrita 133

Part B 1. Blog post 1342. Email / Informal letter 1363. News article / News report 1394. Argumentative text 1424.1. Opinion text 1424.2. For and against essay 1465. Review / Film review 149


Section 5 – Listening Part A 1. Abordagem da compreensão oral

– Introdução 157

Part B 1. Languages 1591.1. Contact with other languages

and cultures 159 1.2. Youth exchanges and languages 1601.3. English or Englishes? 1622. Technology 1632.1. Space exploration 1632.2. Human work and automation 1642.3. Technology and health care 1653. Communication 1663.1. Media evolution 1663.2. Internet and global communication 1683.3. Social media and ethics 1694. Teenagers 1704.1. Generation Z 1704.2. Teens and music 1714.3. Volunteering 172


Section 6 – Speaking Part A 1. Abordagem da expressão oral 1782. Produção e interação oral 178

Part B 1. Languages 1811.1. English 1811.2. Youth exchange 1821.3. Contact with other languages

and cultures 1842. Technology 1852.1. Technological innovation 1852.2. Technology and social changes 1862.3. Space exploration 1873. Communication 1883.1. Media evolution 1883.2. Internet and global communication 1893.3. Communication and ethics 1904. Teenagers 1914.1. Nowadays teens 1914.2. Volunteering 1924.3. Teenage languages 193


Section 7 – Tests Part A Listening, reading comprehension, vocabulary and grammar, writing Test 1 – Languages 196Critérios gerais de classificação 200

Test 2 – Technology 203Critérios gerais de classificação 207

Test 3 – Communication 210Critérios gerais de classificação 214

Test 4 – Teenagers 217Critérios gerais de classificação 222

Part B Speaking test 1 – Languages 225

Speaking test 2 – Technology 227

Speaking test 3 – Communication 228

Speaking test 4 – Teenagers 229

Descritores de desempenho 230

Listening scripts 232

Answer keys 244

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9. Relative clausesQuando queremos adicionar informação a uma ideia contida na oração principal, usamos uma oração relativa, introduzida por um pronome relativo. Há, no entanto, que distinguir se a informação adicionada é essencial para o significado da ora-ção principal (Defining relative clause) ou se a informação adicionada não é essencial para o significado da oração principal, podendo eventualmente ser su-primida (Non-defining relative clause). Atenta nas explicações e nos exemplos que se seguem.

9.1. Relative pronouns and relative adverbs

Relative pronouns Relative adverbs

who / whom1 people when time

which things where place

that2 people and things why reason

whose possession

9.2. Defining relative clauses• There are some teens who have been strongly influenced by commercials.• This is the store where those teens used to spend their money.

9.2.1. Contact clauses / omission of the relative pronoun

• These were the ads (that / which) they saw on TV.• These are the journalists (who(m) / that) the teens have given an interview to.

Nas frases acima, o pronome relativo está a substituir não o sujeito, mas o comple-mento direto (no primeiro exemplo) e indireto (no segundo exemplo) da oração relativa. Sempre que tal acontece, o pronome relativo pode ser omitido.

9.3. Non-defining relative clauses • Some products, whose sales depend on ads, really lack quality.• Ads promote products with low nutritional value, which are consumed by

children and babies.• Parents are also being misled by ads, which is alarming.

Nos exemplos acima, as orações relativas acrescentam informação que não é essen-cial para a compreensão da frase. Se retirarmos a oração relativa, a frase continua a fazer sentido. Nas non-defining relative clauses, which pode ser usado para referir toda a ideia expressa na oração principal tal como demonstra o terceiro exemplo acima.

2 That pode substituir os pronomes who ou which apenas nas defining relative clauses.

9.2. Nota que a oração relativa é essencial para a compreensão da frase e para a identificação de teens (no primeiro exemplo) e de store (no segundo exemplo). Repara que não são utilizadas vírgulas e que o pronome / advérbio relativo está a substituir o sujeito da oração relativa.

1 Whom é usado quando substitui um complemento direto ou indireto apenas em registos mais formais. Ao nível da oralidade tem vindo a cair em desuso.

Conselho útilPara a escolha do pronome relativo, atenta se este se refere a pessoas, coisas ou indica uma situação de posse.

Nota que a oração relativa fica sempre entre vírgulas e relembra que that não pode ser utilizado.

Dica

Nas contact clauses, o pronome whose nunca é utilizado.

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PractiseA. Match columns A and B. Use the correct relative pronoun / adverb to make

sentences.

who

that

which

whose

when

A B

1. Commercials on TV make us wait almost five minutes to continue watching a show

2. Commercials on TV help people

3. Companies spend a lot of money

4. Some ads,

5. Viewers

6. Adults have to supervise young children

7. Some people start zapping

a. is essential to generate revenues.

b. watch the same commercial over and over again easily get bored.

c. is annoying.

d. point is to inform consumers, can be beneficial.

e. want to know about the latest offers in shops.

f. commercials start to be shown.

g. can be influenced by what they see on the screen.

B. Insert the correct relative pronoun.

1. We are exposed to 5000 advertisements a day come at us in many different ways.

2. We are constantly receiving messages to want more and more things we can’t afford.

3. Ads incite you to buy products images are extremely appealing.

4. Advertisements use manipulative tactics are inherently bad.

5. Advertising exists because companies have products they want people to buy.

6. The product is advertised can be as simple as soap or food.

7. When there’s competition in the market the ads you see need to be a little more descriptive.

8. Development of mass production of consumer goods led to the growth of the advertising market completely changed in the 20th century.

9. A lot of people, want to believe they’re in complete control of their choices, have difficulty accepting the idea that ads are manipulative.

10. Great marketers are great storytellers create narratives around products.Answer keys page 248

Neste tipo de exercícios encontrarás anotações laterais para cada pergunta, que te ajudarão a escolher o melhor caminho para a solução pretendida.

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Practise

Mark Zuckerberg’s reckoning: ‘This is a major trust issue’

By KEVIN ROOSE and SHEERA FRENKEL, MARCH 21, 2018

For much of the past week, Facebook has been embroiled in a controversy involving Cambridge Analytica, a political consulting firm with ties to Donald J. Trump’s 2016 presidential campaign, and how the firm improperly obtained and exploited personal data from 50 million Facebook users.

Following widespread questions about his whereabouts, Mark Zuckerberg, the chief executive of Facebook, spoke with two New York Times reporters, Sheera Frenkel and Kevin Roose, about the controversy and the steps he was taking to make the social network less prone to abuse.

Sheera Frenkel: Did it come as a surprise to you, the user response to the news that Cambridge Analytica had accessed this trove of data?

Mark Zuckerberg: Privacy issues have always been incredibly important to people. One of our biggest responsibilities is to protect data. You put some content into a service, whether it’s a photo or a video or a text message and you’re trusting that that content is going to be shared with the people you want to share it with. Whenever there’s an issue where someone’s data passes to someone who the rules of the system shouldn’t have allowed it to, that’s rightfully a big issue and deserves to be a big uproar.

Frenkel: Why did it take quite a few days for your response to come out?

Zuckerberg: The first thing is, I really wanted to make sure we had a full and accurate understanding of everything that happened.

The second thing is, the most important thing is that we fix this system so that issues like this don’t happen again.

When we examined the systems this week, there were certainly other things we felt we should lock down, too. So, we’re going ahead and doing that.

The third thing is, it’s really important that people know what apps they’ve authorized. A lot of people have been on Facebook now for five or 10 years, and sometimes you signed into an app a long time ago and you may have forgotten about that. So, one of the steps we’re taking is making it so apps can no longer access data after you haven’t used them for three months. But it’s also important to put in front of people a tool of showing all the apps they’ve connected to and authorized and giving them an easy way to deauthorize them.

Roose: Are you worried about the #DeleteFacebook campaign that’s been going around? Have you seen meaningful numbers of people deleting their accounts, and are you worried that will be a trend?

Zuckerberg: I don’t think we’ve seen a meaningful number of people act on that, but, you know, it’s not good. I think it’s a clear signal that this is a major trust issue for people, and I understand that. And whether people delete their app over it or just don’t feel good about using Facebook, that’s a big issue that I think we have a duty to rectify.

www.nytimes.com (abridged and slightly adapted)

Conselho útilVerifica se o texto tem a maioria das características acima mencionadas.

Neste tipo de exercícios encontrarás anotações laterais para cada pergunta, que te ajudarão a escolher

o melhor caminho para a solução pretendida.G

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PractiseA. Match the words (underlined in the text) with their corresponding meaning.

(Two meanings do not match.)

1. embroiled

2. widespread

3. prone to

4. uproar

5. accurate

6. lock down

7. trend

8. rectify

a. angry protest

b. duty

c. restrict access

d. general tendency

e. existing in many places and situations and among many people

f. likely to do something

g. precise

h. correct something that is wrong

i. evocative

j. involved

B. Say what / who the following pronouns refer to.

1. his

2. our

3. it

4. this

5. that

6. that

7. them

8. that

C. All the following statements are incorrect. Quote the parts of the text that prove them wrong.

1. Cambridge Analytica has no connection to politics.

2. When the controversy arose, everybody knew where Mark Zuckerberg was.

3. Data protection is, in his opinion, an important responsibility of the users.

4. Personal data being accessed by unallowed people isn’t such a big deal.

5. After an extensive system examination, no other problems were detected.

A.Lê bem os parágrafos do texto mencionados. O contexto é muito importante para perceberes o significado das palavras.

B.Tens de indicar a quem ou a quê as palavras se referem.

C.Neste tipo de exercício terás de fazer citações do texto. Não te esqueças de colocar entre aspas as frases que copias.

Answer keys page 250

Neste tipo de exercícios encontrarás anotações laterais para cada pergunta, que te ajudarão a escolher o melhor caminho para a solução pretendida.

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Tests

Test 3 – CommunicationA. Listening

1. Listen to the text and fill in the gaps.

There are currently (a) social media users (b) . This means that over a third of the world’s population is using some form of social media to communicate. While social media is a commonplace platform for (c) today, have you ever considered how significantly social media changed the way we communicate?Our world as we know it has transformed from the start of (d) to the first years of Facebook, to today’s (e) stories. But how has social media changed society? Let’s take a look at what each of the most used social platforms have contributed to our new way of communication.

2. Listen and complete the diagram below.

C O TA Ç Õ E S

/ 200

Áudio

/ 10 (5 × 2)

/ 20 (10 × 2)

d) is shared using few characters.

Content shared is f) .

Owned by h) .

Connection with a) and b) .

c) of thoughts, pictures, videos, blogs and links.

Most users live e) .

Available through a g) .

Similar to i) .

Instagram j) became very popular among teens.

Listening scripts pages 242-243

Answer keys page 214

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Test 3

B. Reading comprehensionRead the text carefully.

How social media changed the way we communicate

1.

Social media platforms brought the need to constantly broadcast our lives on the internet. The integration of texting, messaging and emailing; however, has enabled senders and receivers to sit and dwell before responding. Instagram Stories and Snapchat have changed the game by making messages and content available to view for only 24 hours. In order to reply appropriately, the user must do it as soon as possible. In effect, these temporary messages take away the ability to create a more accurate form of communication.

2.

Social media has enabled people from all over the world to share their story. Besides the internet essentially connecting the world, Snapchat was the first to really give people an inside perspective of foreign places. With the addition of live story streams and Story Explorer, users are able to get a peek of what life in other cities, states, and countries is like. Snapchat in particular, regularly features cities from around the world and features them on the app with a live feed of Snapchats from people in the selected city. Besides cities, live feeds are perfect for sharing events.

3.

Snapchat and Instagram created the next generation of storytelling: Memories and Stories. These social media channels enable users to not just share the best picture out of their daily experiences; it encourages them to share the full story. Through Instagram, Facebook, and Snapchat Stories many users channel their creativity to share their day from the moment they wake up, to the moment they go to sleep.

4.

Customizing content doesn’t just mean choosing how long a picture is able to be viewed or writing a caption to accompany the picture. Snapchat and Instagram have taken storytelling to the next level by encouraging users to draw, write, sticker, and filter their pictures to add a personal touch and have fun doing it! The newest Snapchat and Instagram features enable users to interact with the content they view and share.

5.

All of this interactive content has led to journalism becoming attractive to millennials again.

Millennials love to interact with content, so why not the news? A big step in this new territory occurred when the Wall Street Journal joined Snapchat. CNN and National Geographic are among the 24 other media companies that have also joined the application.

Besides Snapchat, Facebook and Twitter have also played important roles in making the news more accessible and attractive to millennials. Twitter features “trending” hashtags that often highlight important national and global events. Facebook joined the journalistic movement by creating their own “Trending” section that highlights stories ranging from politics to science and technology. […]

http://circaedu.com (adapted and abridged)

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