Wise words

(Kata – kata bijak)

Sekolah berbeda dengan kehidupan. Di sekolah Anda diajari suatu pelajaran, lalu diuji.

Sedangkan pada kehidupan, Anda diuji lalu mendapat pelajaran

Degrees of Comparison(Tingkat Perbandingan)

We use degrees of comparison when we want to compare things

or people.

(=Kita menggunakan tingkat perbandingan bila kita ingin

membandingan benda atau orang)

Degrees of Comparison

Ada tiga macam tingkat perbandingan yang akan kita pelajari yaitu:

1. Perbandingan bentuk dasar (Positive Degree)

2. Perbandingan bentuk lebih (Comparative Degree)

3. Perbandingan bentuk paling (Superlative Degree)

Ada 2 cara untuk mengubah sebuah kata dari bentuk dasar (positive degree) menjadi bentuk lebih (comparative degree), yaitu dengan cara:

1. menambahkan akhiran “–er”

2. menambahkan kata “more”

Akhiran ‘-er’ dipakai untuk kata – kata yang hanya satu suku kata, dan yang dua suku kata namun berakhiran “y” yang dibaca “i”.

Sedangkan kata ‘more’ dipakai untuk kata – kata yang terdiri dari dua suku kata atau lebih.

Ada 2 cara pula, untuk mengubah “bentuk dasar” menjadi “bentuk paling” (superlative degree), yaitu:

1. Dengan menambahkan akhiran “est”

2. Dengan menambahkan kata “most”

Akhiran ‘-est’ dipakai untuk kata – kata yang hanya satu suku kata dan dua suku kata namun berakhiran “y” yang dibaca “i” seperti kata “funny”.

Sedangkan kata ‘most’ dipakai untuk kata – kata yang terdiri dari dua suku kata atau lebih.

Contoh kata yang pendek

NoPositive Degree

Comparative Degree Superlative Degree

1.long

(panjang)longer

(lebih panjang)longest

(paling panjang)

2.tall

(tinggi)taller

(lebih tinggitallest

(paling tinggi)

3.cheap

(murah)cheaper

(lebih murah)cheapest

(paling murah)

4.small(kecil)

smaller(lebih kecil)

smallest (paling kecil)

5.clear

(jelas)clearer

(lebih jelas)clearest (paling jelas)

examples of adjective ending in -y

No Positive DegreeComparative

DegreeSuperlative

Degree

1.Happy

(gembira)happier happiest

2.Lazy

(malas)lazier laziest

3.Funny(lucu)

funnier funniest

4.Ugly

(jelek)uglier ugliest

5.Pretty

(cantik)prettier prettiest

Contoh kata yang panjang

No Positive Degree Comparative Degree Superlative Degree

1.boring

(membosankan)More boring

(lebih membosankan)most boring

(paling membosankan)

2.careful

(hati - hati)More careful

(lebih hati – hati)most careful

(paling hati-hati)

3.accurate(cermat)

More accurate(lebih cermat)

most accurate(paling cermat)

4.interesting(menarik)

More interesting(lebih menarik)

most interesting(paling menarik)

5.important(penting)

More important(lebih penting)

most important(paling penting)

Exercise 1

Lengkapilah tabel berikut dengan “positive degree, “comparative degree” dan “superlative degree” yang benar. Sebutkan pula makna bahasa Indonesianya

Positive Degree Comparative Degree Superlative Degree

short(pendek)

fast(cepat)

darker (lebih gelap)

deeper (lebih dalam)

highest (tertinggi)

smartest (paling cerdas)

happiest(paling bahagia)

shorter(lebih pendek)

shortest(paling pendek)

faster(lebih cepat)

fastest(paling cepat)

dark(gelap)

darkest(paling gelap)

deep(dalam)

deepest(paling dalam)

high(tinggi)

higher(lebih tinggi)

smart(cerdas)

smarter(lebih cerdas)

happy(bahagia)

happier(lebih bahagia)

Contoh dalam kalimatA. Positive Degree

1. Learning English is as necessary as learning computer.

2. Siti is as tall as Wina.

3. She works as diligently as her mother.

4. My father is as old as his father.

Positive Degree Quiz

Make a sentence using given words.

Example :

my book/thick/yours

You write :

My book is as thick as yours

Quiz1. she/beautiful/her sister.

2. today/cold/yesterday

3. this room/large/that room

4. the horse/strong/the buffalo

She is as beautiful as her sister.

Today is as cold as yesterday.

This room is as large as that room.

The horse is as strong as the buffalo.

Contoh dalam kalimat

B. Comparative Degree1. A buffalo is bigger than a sheep.

(=Seekor kerbau lebih besar daripada seekor domba.).

2. Travelling by taxi is more expensive than travelling by bus.

(=Bepergian dengan taxi lebih mahal daripada bepergian dengan bis)

Penjelasan

Kata :

=

Berasal dari bentuk dasar:

= +

Kata :

=

Berasal dari bentuk dasar:

+

bigger Lebih besar

big besar Akhiran -er

More expensive Lebih mahal

expensive Kata ‘more’

Comparative Degree Quiz.

Buat kalimat bentuk Comparative berdasarkan kata – kata yang diberikan

Example:

My book/thick/your book

You write:

My book is thicker than your book.

quiz1. John / young / Bob

2. Reading / important / watching TV

3. The girl / careful / the boy

4. travelling by bus / cheap / travelling by taxi

5. Her dish / delicious / her mother’s

John is younger than Bob

Reading is more important than watching TV

The girl is more careful than the boy

Travelling by bus is cheaper than travelling by taxi

Her dish is more delicious than her mother’s

Contoh Superlative Degree

1. Jakarta is the largest city in Indonesia.

Kata :

=

Berasal dari kata :

= +

largest paling besar

large besar Akhiran -est

Contoh Superlative Degree

2. Indonesia is the most populous country in the South East Asia.

Kata :

Berasal dari bentuk dasar

The most populous paling padat

Kata “most”

=

populous +

Superlative degree Quiz.Buat kalimat berdasarkan kata – kata yang diberikan

Example:

Tony/tall boy/in his class

You write:

Tony is the tallest boy in his class.

Superlative Degree quiz

1. John / young boy/ in his class

2. Indonesia / corrupt country/ in the SE Asia.

3. She / pretty girl / in my class

4. Christiano Ronaldo/good footbal player/ in 2008

5. Who / smart student / in your class?

John is the youngest boy in his class

Indonesia is the most corrupt country in the SE Asia

She is the prettiest girl in my class

Christiano Ronaldo is the best football player in 2008

Who is the smartest student in your class?

Notice

Beberapa kata sifat memiliki tingkat komparatif (comparative degree) dan tingkat superlatif (superlative degree) yang tidak beraturan. Artinya tidak ditambah akhiran –er untuk komparatif dan tidak ditambah akhiran –est untuk superlatifnya.

Here are the irregular adjectives.

NoPositive Degree

Comparative Degree Superlative Degree

1.Good/well

(baik)better

(lebih baik)best

(paling baik)

2.Bad/ill(buruk)

worse(lebih buruk)

worst(paling jelek)

3.far

(jauh)further

(lebih jauh)furthest

(paling jauh)

4.little

(sedikit)less

(lebih sedikit)least

(paling sedikit)

5.Many/much

(banyak)more

(lebih banyak)most

(paling banyak)

Quiz.Buat kalimat seperti contoh di bawah ini

Example:

A : Which is the cleanest country in the world?

(Singapore)

You write:

Singapore is the cleanest country in the world.

Quiz 1. A : What is the longest river in the world? (Amazone)

2. A : Who is the richest man in Indonesia (Aburizal Bakrie)

3. A : What is the highest mountain in the world?

(Mount Everest)

4. A : Which is the most populous country in the world?

(China)

Amazone is the longest river in the world.

Aburizal Bakrie is the richest man in Indonesia

Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world.

China is the most populous country in the world

Exercise

Complete the following sentences with the correct form of degrees of comparison of the word in brackets.(Lengkapilah kalimat berikut dengan bentuk “positive degree, “comparative degree” atau “superlative degree” dari kata yang tersedia dalam kurung.)

Exercise 2

1. Mr. Kodir is _______ than Mr. Pedro. (rich)

You say :

Mr. Kodir is richer than Mr. Pedro.

Harus diisi oleh bentuk komparatifKarena diikuti oleh kata “than”

Exercise 2

2. Hanna is the_______ student in m class. (smart)

You say :

Hanna is the smartest student in my class.

Harus diisi dengan bentuk superlatifkarena di dahuluioleh kata “the”

Exercise 2

3. Your dictionary is as_______ as hers. (good)

You say :

Your dictionary is as good as hers.

Harus diisi dengan bentuk positifkarena diapit oleh frase “as......as”

Exercise 2

4. Do you remember what the_______ moment in your life is? (happy)

You say :

Do you remember what the happiest moment in your life is?

Harus diisi dengan bentuk superlatifkarena di dahuluioleh kata “the”

Exercise 2

5. Can a donkey run _______ than a horse? (fast)

You say :

Can a donkey run faster than a horse?

Harus diisi oleh bentuk komparatifKarena diikuti oleh kata “than”

Exercise 3

Make a sentence based on the picture.

Example : Compare the age of the two women. Use word “old”.

You say :

Mrs. Laura is older than Mrs. Lucy.

(Ny. Laura lebih tua daripada Ny. Lucy)

Name : Mrs. LucyAge : 35 years oldHeight : 165 cm tall

Name : Mrs. LauraAge : 50 years oldHeight : 170 cm tall

Exercise 3

Make a sentence based on the picture.

1. Compare the height of the two women. Use word “tall”.

You say :

Mrs. Laura is taller than Mrs. Lucy.

(Ny. Laura lebih tinggi daripada Ny. Lucy)

Name : Mrs. LucyAge : 35 years oldHeight : 165 cm tall

Name : Mrs. LauraAge : 50 years oldHeight : 170 cm tall

Exercise 3

Make a sentence based on the picture.

2. Compare the weight (berat) of the two fowls. Use word “heavy”.

You say :

The goose is heavier than the cock.

(Angsa lebih berat daripada ayam jantan)

Goose Weight : 5 kgsHeight : 45 cm tall

Cockweight : 2 kgsHeight : 30 cm tall

Exercise 3

Make a sentence based on the picture.

3. Compare the height (tinggi) of the two fowls. Use word “high”.

You say :

The goose is higher than the cock.

(Angsa lebih tinggi daripada ayam jantan)

Goose Weight : 5 kgsHeight : 45 cm tall

Cockweight : 2 kgsHeight : 30 cm tall

Exercise 3

Make a sentence based on the picture.

4. Compare the height (tinggi) of the two towers. Use word “short”

You say :

Monas is shorter than Eifel.

(Monas lebih pendek daripada Eifel)

Monas Built : 20th centuryHeight : more than 70 m

EifelBuilt : 19th centuryHeight : more than 100 m

Exercise 3

Make a sentence based on the picture.

5. Compare the age (usia) of the two towers. Use word “old”.

You say :

Eifel is older than Monas.

(Eifel lebih tua daripada Monas)

Monas Built : 20th centuryHeight : more than 70 m

EifelBuilt : 19th centuryHeight : more than 100 m

Exercise 4

Choose the correct statements based on the picture or information given.

1. a. Allan is younger than Billy.b. Allan is as old as Billy.c. Lucy is the youngest of the three.d. Billy is older than Lucy.

Allan6 years old130 cm tall

Lucy7 years old150 cm tall

Billy6 years old120 cm tall

3. a. Billy is taller than Lucy.b. Allan is shortest of the three.c. Lucy is the tallest of the three.d. Lucy is shorter than Allan.

Allan6 years old130 cm tall

Lucy7 years old150 cm tall

Billy6 years old120 cm tall

4. In which decade did Indonesia get the most increase in the population ?a. from 1981 to 1991.b. from 1971 to 1981.c. from 1991 to 2001d.from 1961 to 1971

in m

illio

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50

100

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1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

90130

150200 210

5. The increase of the Indonesian population from 1991 to 2001 is...a. the lowest among the other decades.b. as high as it is from 1971 to 1981.c. as low as it from 1991 to 2001d. the highest of the other decades

in m

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50

100

150

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1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

90130

150200 210

6. a. Tomatoes are as cheap as strawberries.

b. Tomatoes are the cheapest among the three.

c. Strawberries are more expensive than apples

d. Strawberries are cheaper than tomatoes.

Rp.10.000/kg Rp.20.000/kg Rp.15.000/kg

Thank you very much