Democracia y realidad

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  • 8/2/2019 Democracia y realidad

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    Mhlnbugbjg z uhg`jmgm

    Gfih` Tg{wxh{ Chufgfmh{

    Uhg`lhf}h tjtjlnr hf xfg mhlnbugbjg>

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    Mhlnbugbjg z uhg`jmgm, hr xfg neug pxe`jbgmg pnu Gfih` Tg{wxh{ Chufgfmh{egkn xfg @jbhfbjg Buhg}jth Bnllnfr Uhbnfnbjljhf}nBnlpgu}ju egkn `gljrlg `jbhfbjg 2&? Hrpgfg&]cjr `jbhfrh jr gbbhp}ge`h dnu Duhh Bx`}xug` Ynuar&

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    Xr}hm hr `jeuh mh;

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    Cgbhu neugr mhujtgmgr&

    Egkn `gr bnfmjbjnfhr rjixjhf}hr;

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    Bnlpgu}ju egkn `g ljrlg `jbhfbjg& Rj }ugfrdnulg n lnmjbg hr}g neug pgug buhgu xfg neug mhujtgmg, Rn`n pxhmh mjr}ujexju `g neuguhrx`}gf}h egkn `g ljrlg `jbhfbjg, xfg rjlj`gu n xfg bnlpg}je`h&

    G` uhx}j`j{gu n mjr}ujexju `g neug, }jhfh wxh mhkgu ejhf b`gun `nr }huljfnrmh `g `jbhfbjg mh hr}g neug&

    G`ixfg mh hr}gr bnfmjbjnfhr pxhmh fn gp`jbgurh rj rh ne}jhfh h` phuljrnmh` }j}x`gu mh `nr mhuhbcnr mh gx}nu

    Fgmg hf hr}g `jbhfbjg lhfnrbgeg n uhr}ujfih `nr mhuhbcnr lnug`hr mh`gx}nu&

    Gmthu}hfbjg

    @nr mhuhbcnr mhujtgmnr mh xrnr `hi}jlnr x n}ugr `jlj}gbjnfhr uhbnfnbjmgrpnu `hz fn rh thf gdhb}gmnr pnu `n gf}hujnu&

    Hr}n hr xf uhrxlhf `hije`h pnu cxlgfnr mh` }hs}n `hig` #`g `jbhfbjg bnlp`h}g* mjrpnfje`h hf `nr jmjnlgr rjixjhf}hr; Bg}g`gf, Bgr}h``gfn, Hxrahug zIg``hin&

    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/es/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/es/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/es/http://freedomdefined.org/Definitionhttp://freedomdefined.org/Definitionhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/es/legalcode.cahttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/es/legalcode.cahttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/es/legalcode.eshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/es/legalcode.euhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/es/legalcode.glhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/es/legalcode.glhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/es/legalcode.euhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/es/legalcode.eshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/es/legalcode.cahttp://freedomdefined.org/Definitionhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/es/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/es/
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    jt

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    @n ``glgf mhlnbugbjg z fn `n hr

    H` mg 79 mh fntjhleuh mh 5?7? h` Rhfgmn pxrn hf fhiun rneuh e`gfbn`g jfrxbjhfbjg mh fxhr}un gb}xg` rjr}hlg mh inejhufn pgug bxlp`ju bnf `nr

    fjth`hr mh pgu}jbjpgbjnf mhlnbug}jbg hsjijmnr pnu h` pxhe`n& G pgu}ju mh hr}hlnlhf}n pnmhlnr bnfrjmhugu wxh h` gb}xg` rjr}hlg mhlnbug}jbn cg hf}ugmnhf bujrjr z, hf bnfrhbxhfbjg, rh mg pnu jfjbjgmg xfg uhtn`xbjnf mhr}jfgmg gbglejgu`n&

    _gug bnlpuhfmhu h` rjifjbgmn mh `g gf}hujnu gulgbjnf rh cgbh fhbhrgujg`g bnlpuhfrjnf mh `nr bnfbhp}nr mh lnmh`n z uhtn`xbjnf& Xf lnmh`n hr xfgmhrbujpbjnf rhfbj``g mh xf rjr}hlg hf `g wxh fnr egrglnr pgug }nlgu mhbjrjnfhr mh ihr}jnf n, rjlp`hlhf}h, pgug mhrbujeju h` dxfbjnfgljhf}n mh mjbcnrjr}hlg& Bxgfmn xf lnmh`n mhrbujeh xf rjr}hlg rnbjg` n hr x}j`j{gmn pgug rxihr}jnf rn`n rhug tg`jmn z x}j` rj hr bnlpgu}jmn pnu `nr ljhleunr mh mjbcn

    rjr}hlg rnbjg`, bgmxbgfmn bxgfmn `nr bj}gmnr ljhleunr mhkgf mh buhhu hf h`lnmh`n hf bxhr}jnf& H` punbhrn pnu h` wxh xf lnmh`n nern`h}n pjhumh rx buhmjej`jmgm z hr rxr}j}xjmn pnu n}un lnmh`n lgr gbnumh bnf `gr fxhtgr jmhgr hrbnfnbjmn bnln uhtn`xbjnf&

    ]nmn lnmh`n wxh g`bgf{g h` hsj}n }ugr xfg uhtn`xbjnf rneuhtjth, g` lhfnr,mxugf}h xfg ihfhugbjnf& Hr h` }jhlpn mxugf}h h` bxg` gwxh``nr wxh `niugunfh` bglejn rnbjg` rnf h` rhb}nu lgr uhpuhrhf}g}jtn mh `g bnlxfjmgm& Xfg th{wxh hr}g ihfhugbjnf, mhejmn g` jfhsnuge`h pgrn mh` }jhlpn, bhmh rx pgrn gn}ug pxhmhf nbxuuju mnr bnrgr; wxh `g fxhtg ihfhugbjnf bnlpgu}g `gr jmhgr mh`g ihfhugbjnf puhbhmhf}h, n wxh fn `gr bnlpgu}g& Fxhr}un gb}xg` rjr}hlg mh

    lnbug}jbn fgbjn cgbh lgr mh }uhjf}g gfnr pgug rxphugu xfg mjb}gmxug fgbjmgmh xfg ixhuug, z `g mhlnbugbjg uhpuhrhf}g}jtg wxh hf}nfbhr fnr bnfbhmjlnrrg}jr{n mxugf}h lxbcn }jhlpn fxhr}unr mhrhnr mh pgu}jbjpgbjnf mhlnbug}jbg,phun `nr wxh hf}nfbhr huglnr fjfnr rnlnr gmx`}nr gcnug, z fn fnr bnfdnulglnr bnf `nr fjth`hr mh pgu}jbjpgbjnf wxh h` rjr}hlg gb}xg` fnr bnfbhmh; `gmhlnbugbjg gb}xg` fn hr rxbjhf}hlhf}h uhpuhrhf}g}jtg pgug fnrn}unr&

    Fn hr wxh h` gb}xg` rjr}hlg mhlnbug}jbn cgzg mhihfhugmn, rjfn }nmn `nbnf}ugujn; h` rjr}hlg cg phulgfhbjmn pugb}jbglhf}h jfg`}hugmn mxugf}h lgrmh }uhr mhbgmgr& Mxugf}h lgr mh }uhjf}g gfnr chlnr h`hijmn g cnleuhr z

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    tj

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    bnlxfhr& Rh cg bnfthu}jmn, hf rxlg, hf xfg fxhtg dnulg mh nuigfj{gbjnf rnbjg` lxz mjr}jf}g mh gwxh``g wxh mjn `xigu g `g }ugfrjbjnf mhlnbug}jbg mh cgbh}uhjf}g gfnr& Xfg fxhtg dnulg mh rnbjhmgm wxh mhlgfmg, pnuwxh hr}g bgpgbj}gmg pgug cgbhu`n, fjth`hr mh pgu}jbjpgbjnf mhlnbug}jbg lxbcn lgr h`htgmnrwxh `nr wxh pjmjhunf `gr ihfhugbjnfhr gf}hujnuhr, z wxh lxhr}ug rx jfmjifgbjnfbxgfmn rh `h fjhig hrg pnrjej`jmgm mh pgu}jbjpgbjnf&

    Bnfrbjhf}h n jfbnfrbjhf}hlhf}h h` rjr}hlg mh inejhufn gb}xg` cg uhrpnfmjmn g hr}nr bglejnr fn htn`xbjnfgfmn bnf h``nr, rjfn uhdnu{gfmn rx bnf}un`rneuh `nr lgrr lhmjg hf `g lhmjmg mh `n pnrje`h, mh dnulg wxh g`ixfnr lhmjnr `glhf}gf rx jfhtj}ge`h }hfmhfbjg cgbjg h` ejpgu}jmjrln ljhf}ugr wxhn}unr mhfxfbjgf b`guglhf}h `nr `lj}hr jlpxhr}nr g `g `jehu}gm mh hspuhrjnf&

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    Z hr}n fnr ``htg g `nr gbnf}hbjljhf}nr punmxbjmnr mxugf}h `nr mgr puhtjnrg` 79 mh fntjhleuh mh 5?7?& Mnr in}gr bn`lgunf h` tgrn mh `g pgbjhfbjg wxhwxjhfhr h`hijlnr `g uhm bnln tg mh pgu}jbjpgbjnf mhlnbug}jbg;

    Fxhr}unr puhrxf}nr uhpuhrhf}gf}hr hf h` Bnfiuhrn bg`jbgun mh rpgl fxhr

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    Fnr bnfrjmhuglnr, pnu `n }gf}n, cxhudgfnr mh uhpuhrhf}gbjnf pgu`glhf}gujg, z ne`jigmnr g pgu}jbjpgu hf xfg uhtn`xbjnf wxh bnfrjmhuglnr jfhtj}ge`hpgug bnfrhixju `nr mhuhbcnr wxh bnfrjmhuglnr wxh fnr bnuuhrpnfmhf&

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    Jfmjbh ihfhug`

    7& Mhlnbugbjg 2

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    5& Uhg`jmgm 72

    5&7& H` lgfjhr}n Mhlnbugbjg uhg` ZG & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 725&5& @nr nuihfhr mh `g bhfrxug & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 785&2& Bxgfmn `gr fn}jbjgr rnf lhubgfbg `g mhlnbugbjg hr xf lhubgmn 795&=& @g bhfrxug hf Jf}hufh} & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 5?5&8& Mh `g @RRJ g `g @hz Rjfmh & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 555&4& Bhfrxug mh jfdnulgbjnf hbnfnljbg & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 585&9& Fhx}ug jmgm mh `g uhm & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 2?

    5&9&7& @g `jr}g mh hsj}nr & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 2?5&9&5& @g `guig bn`g ``hig `hknr&&& & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 255&9&2& Bxgfmn h` bgfg` rh rg}xug&&& & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 255&9&=& Hr xf bxhf}n mh }huunu> & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 2=

    5&3& @g `xbcg pnu `g fhx}ug`jmgm mh `g uhm & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 285&:& H` hr}gmn tjij g g `nr mjrjmhf}hr & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 2:

    5&:&7& Hxunpg tjij`g g rxr bjxmgmgfnr & & & & & & & & & & & & & 2:5&:&5& Bujljfg`j{gfmn g` wxh pun}hr}g & & & & & & & & & & & & & =?

    5&7?& Xfg phuthurg `hz h`hb}nug` & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & =7

    7

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    5 JFMJBH IHFHUG@

  • 8/2/2019 Democracia y realidad

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    Bgp}x`n 7

    Mhlnbugbjg

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    bxphf rj `g puhixf}g `hr uhrx`}g jfbnlpuhfrje`h& Zn ljrln, g phrgu mh` }jhlpnwxh ``htn jf}hf}gfmn bnlpuhfmhu `g fg}xug`h{g z dxfbjnfgljhf}n mh `g uhm,gphfgr hr}nz bnlhf{gfmn g hf}uhthu g`ixfnr mh}g``hr&

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    2

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    = BG_J]X@N 7& MHLNBUGBJG

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    Gr wxh xf `jmhu }ujeg` hug bgpg{ mh ihr}jnfgu gwxh``n mh `n wxh uhbjeg jfdnulgbjnf rxbjhf}h #h` uhr}n mh` lxfmn pnmug rhu rgwxhgmn nbgrjnfg`lhf}h,phun fn ihr}jnfgmn*& @nr ljhleunr mh `g }ujex mh`higegf hf h` rx rnehugfg,bnfgmnr hf wxh rx rgejmxug #hr mhbju, rx bnfnbjljhf}n mh `g uhg`jmgm* `hbnfthu}g hf h` jfmjtjmxn bnf lgr npbjnfhr mh ``htgu g rx }ujex g `g punrphujmgm& Hr bjhu}n wxh xf khdh jfbnlph}hf}h pnmg jfhf}gu lgf}hfhurh hf h`pnmhu pnu `g dxhu{g, phun g `g `guig gpguhbg rjhlpuh g`ixjhf lgr dxhu}h wxh`n h`jljfgeg&

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    Hr}g hr}uxb}xug mh pnmhu cg rjmn mhrbuj}g }ugmjbjnfg`lhf}h bnln xfgpjugljmh z, lgr uhbjhf}hlhf}h, bnln xf guen` hf bxzn }unfbn hr}gug h` pnmhu bhf}ug`, wxh rh tg ugljbgfmn hf hr}uxb}xugr lgr phwxhfgr cgr}g ``higug bgmg xfn mh `nr jfmjtjmxnr wxh dnulgf `g rnbjhmgm& Hf `g egrh mh bgmgxfg mh `gr ugljbgbjnfhr cgeug xfg hr}uxb}xug mh pnmhu wxh ihr}jnfgug #hrmhbju; uhbnihug jfdnulgbjnf z mgug numhfhr* g bgmg xfg mh `gr uglgr wxhmh h``g rxuijhrhf& Lnmhufglhf}h rh bnfnbh g hr}gr hr}uxb}xugr bnln uhmhrbhf}ug`j{gmgr #rj cgz xf xfjbn pxf}n, n fnmn, wxh bnf}un`g g }nmnr `nr mhlgr*z uhmhr mhrbhf}ug`j{gmgr #rj cgz xfg hr}uxb}xug ugljbgmg*&

    Hf `gr rnbjhmgmhr }n}g`j}gujgr `g jfdnulgbjnf bjubx`g rjhlpuh hf rhf}jmngrbhfmhf}h #mhrmh h` pxhe`n ``gfn cgr}g h` `jmhu gern`x}n* z `gr mhbjrjnfhr hfrhf}jmn mhrbhfmhf}h #mhrmh h` mhu gern`x}n g` pxhe`n ``gfn*&

    Hf `gr rnbjhmgmhr mhlnbug}jbgr bgmg jfmjtjmxn }jhfh pn}hr}gm pgug h`hijug rxr uhpuhrhf}gf}hr, z nbgrjnfg`lhf}h rh lgfjhr}g rneuh g`ixfnr grxf}nr

    mh jlpnu}gfbjg, pnu `n wxh pxhmh mhbjurh wxh g` lhfnr hf pgu}h `gr mhbjrjnfhrtgf }gf}n hf rhf}jmn grbhfmhf}h bnln mhrbhfmhf}h& @g jfdnulgbjnf }glejhfbjubx`g hf glenr rhf}jmnr&

    _hun hf uhg`jmgm fjfixfg rnbjhmgm gb}xg` hr }n}g`lhf}h mhlnbug}jbg n}n}g`lhf}h }n}g`j}gujg, gxfwxh bgmg xfg mh h``gr hr}g lgr bhubg mh xf lnmh`nn mh n}un;

    Bgmg hr}uxb}xug mh bnf}un` #hrg wxh hr}g grhf}gmg hf bgmg ugljbgbjnf,mhrmh `gr pujlhugr wxh rxuihf mh` }unfbn cgr}g `gr wxh mgf `xigu g `gr x`}jlgruglgr* }jhfh `g bgpgbjmgmh mh `}ugu `g jfdnulgbjnf #}gf}n cgbjg guujeg bnln

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    7&7& UHMHR RNBJG@HR Z RJR]HLGR MH INEJHUFN 8

    cgbjg gegkn* z, pnu `n }gf}n, ihr}jnfgu g rx gf}nkn rx pgubh`g mh uhbxurnr&

    Rj `g jfdnulgbjnf wxh ``hig g `nr jfmjtjmxnr hr hrbgrg hr}nr fn pnmugf }nlgumhbjrjnfhr mh dnulg hbjhf}h& @g npbjnf wxh bxhf}h bnf lgznu rnpnu}h pxe`jbj}gujn rxh`h bnfrhixju lgr gpnznr, ljhf}ugr wxh `gr wxh fn mjrpnfigf mhmjbcn rnpnu}h hr}gf bnfmhfgmgr g mhrgpguhbhu n g lgf}hfhu xfg hsjr}hfbjglxz `jlj}gmg& @gr uglgr lgr dxhu}hr buhbhf g bnr}g mh `gr uglgr lgr mhej`hrmh` guen`& H` pnmhu rh bnfbhf}ug z `g rnbjhmgm mhlnbug}jbg }jhfmh pnbn g pnbncgbjg h` }n}g`j}gujrln& @g bnfbhf}ugbjnf mh pnmhu hf }nufn g mh}huljfgmnrrhb}nuhr rnbjg`hr pxhmh rhu bnleg}jmg mhrmh h` inejhufn bhf}ug`, phun hf xfrjr}hlg mnfmh `g jfdnulgbjnf stxzh bnf mjbx`}gm g thbhr uhrx`}g mjdbj` rgehurj mjbcg jf}huthfbjnf hr xf gb}n mh }n}g`j}gujrln n mh mhdhfrg mh `g mhln

    bugbjg& Xfg rnbjhmgm fn hr}g uhijmg pnu xf rn`n guen`, rjfn pnu tgujnr wxh rhrxphupnfhf, z rn`glhf}h xfn mh h``nr hr}g h`hijmn pnu fnulgr mhlnbug}jbgr#h` bnfr}j}xjmn pnu `nr pnmhuhr hkhbx}jtn, `hijr`g}jtn z kxmjbjg`*, ljhf}ugr wxhn}unr #lhmjnr mh bnlxfjbgbjnf mh lgrgr, hlpuhrgr lx`}jfgbjnfg`hr, h}b&* rhujihf pujfbjpg`lhf}h pnu `nr pujfbjpjnr mh` lguah}jfi #wxh, hf}uh n}unr dgb}nuhr, }jhfhf hf bxhf}g `g pnrjej`jmgm mh wxh xfg hlpuhrg jfstxzg rneuh h`pnmhu pn`}jbn*& Hr xf chbcn bnfnbjmn, z cgr}g uhix`gmn hf g`ixfnr pgrhr,wxh `nr jf}huhrhr bnlhubjg`hr mh `gr hlpuhrgr jfstxzhf hf `gr mhbjrjnfhr mh `nrinehufgf}hr& Rj fn cgz rxbjhf}h jfdnulgbjnf g` pxhe`n `h uhrx`}g mjdbj` rgehubxgfmn rh hr}gf ihr}jnfgfmn `nr uhbxurnr hf dxfbjnf mh `nr jf}huhrhr ihfhug`hrz bxgfmn hf dxfbjnf mh `nr jf}huhrhr hbnfnljbnr mh g`ixfgr hlpuhrgr&

    Z hr}n hr gr jfmhphfmjhf}hlhf}h mh wxh h` inejhufn rh gx}nmhfnljfh mhmhuhbcgr n mh j{wxjhumgr& Hrg hr `g ug{nf pnu `g wxh h` bjxmgmgfn lhmjn gb}xg`hf Hrpgfg rxh`h phubjeju xf g`hkgljhf}n hf}uh `g b`grh mjujihf}h #wxh bnf}un`g`g jfdnulgbjnf z }nlg `g lgznu pgu}h mh `gr mhbjrjnfhr* z `g b`grh }ugegkgmnug #wxh gpnu}g `nr uhbxurnr, z wxh duhbxhf}hlhf}h rn`n pxhmh mhbjmju bxg`mh `nr pnbnr pgwxh}hr bhuugmnr ndhu}gmnr, bnln pnu hkhlp`n `nr puniuglgrh`hb}nug`hr, `h pguhbh lgr bnfthfjhf}h*&

    _hun, rj }nmn hr}n rh mheh pujfbjpg`lhf}h g `g hr}uxb}xug guen`gmg mh `grnbjhmgm gb}xg`, bgugb}huj{gmg pnu `g mjtjrjnf hf}uh jfmjtjmxnr z phwxhfnriuxpnr tgiglhf}h bnfhb}gmnr wxh bnlpj}hf hf}uh r&&& Wxh nbxuujug rj rh

    buhgrh xfg uhm cnuj{nf}g` wxh bnfhb}grh g }nmnr `nr jfmjtjmxnr wxh dnulgfxfg rnbjhmgm> H` uhrx`}gmn hr bnfnbjmn bnln uhm mjr}ujexjmg, z hr xf rjr}hlghf h` wxh }nmnr `nr pxf}nr #fnmnr* }jhfhf jixg` bg}hinug; fn cgz fjth`hr fjkhuguwxgr #g` lhfnr hf }hnug*&

    _gug hlph{gu lxbcgr mh `gr hr}uxb}xugr mh bnf}un` mh `gr ugljbgbjnfhr,g` lhfnr `gr mh lgr egkn fjth`, wxhmgugf gx}nlg}jbglhf}h tgbgr mh dxfbjnf,zg wxh `g jfdnulgbjnf bjubx`gug `jeuhlhf}h hf}uh `nr jfmjtjmxnr rjf pgrgu pnu`g xfjnf hf}uh `gr mjr}jf}gr uglgr& Hr}n phulj}jug g `nr jfmjtjmxnr nuigfj{gurh mh dnulg hrpnf}gfhg pgug uhg`j{gu gbbjnfhr hf bnlxf& Hf xfg hr}uxb}xug

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    4 BG_J]X@N 7& MHLNBUGBJG

    mh guen` h` chbcn mh wxh xfg uglg pnrhg xfg jfdnulgbjnf hf hsb`xrjtg #xf

    mhrguun``n }hbfn`nijbn, pnu hkhlp`n* n}nuig xfg thf}gkg bnlph}j}jtg duhf}hg `gr n}ugr uglgr wxh bguhbhf mh h`& Bnf duhbxhfbjg hr}n ne`jig g bgmg xfgmh `gr uglgr g jfthu}ju uhbxurnr pgug `niugu `n wxh `gr n}ugr uglgr zg cgf`niugmn& H` uhrx`}gmn hr xf hs}ugnumjfgujn mhuunbch mh uhbxurnr wxh pnmugrhu htj}gmn pnu `gr uhmhr& H` mhrguun``n mh` rnd}yguh `jeuh hr xf exhf hkhlp`nmh `g np}jlj{gbjnf mh uhbxurnr uhg`j{gmn pnu `gr uhmhr g` bnlpgu}ju h` bnfnbjljhf}n& G mjdhuhfbjg mh `nr guen`hr, hf `gr wxh `g jfdnulgbjnf hr dgbj` mh`}ugu g` bjubx`gu pnu bgfg`hr bnf}un`gmnr, `gr uhmhr mjr}ujexjmgr phulj}hf wxh`g jfdnulgbjnf pxhmg bjubx`gu pnu lx`}j}xm mh bgfg`hr, hfbnf}ugfmn rjhlpuhmjr}ujexbjnf pnu g`ixfn mh h``nr& Hr}n htj}g `g bhfrxug& Gf}h `g jlpnrjej`jmgm

    mh hkhubhu `g bhfrxug hr mjdbj` wxh xfg hlpuhrg hkhu{g xf bnf}un` rjifjbg}jtn rneuh `nr pnmhuhr pxe`jbnr mh dnulg nbx`}g& Hr}n uhmxbh `g bnuuxpbjnfpn`}jbg&

    Grj wxh, bxgfmn `hn wxh `nr pgu}jmnr pn }jbnr lgznuj}gujnr ljugf cgbjgJf}hufh} lh puhixf}n;

    _uh}hfmhugf x}j`j{gu Jf}hufh} bnln xf lgrr lhmjg xfjmjuhbbjnfg` lgr,bnln cgf thfjmn cgbjhfmn cgr}g gcnug hf puhfrg, ugmjn z }h`htjrjnf, buhgfmnxfg `hijnf mh bjehutn`xf}gujnr pgug hs}hfmhu }nmn `n pnrje`h h` jmhgujn mh`punpjn pgu}jmn, z uhmxbjhfmn g` lfjln `gr gpnu}gbjnfhr hs}hufgr g` pgu}jmn>N, mjbcn mh n}un lnmn Rhixjugf }ugegkgfmn hf guen`> N, pnu h` bnf}ugujn

    @jlj}gugf `g punlnbjnf mh rx jmhgujn g xf lfjln jlpuhrbjfmje`h z punlnthugf h` xrn mh `g uhm bnln p`g}gdnulg pgu}jbjpg}jtg wxh uhbnkg punpxhr}grlgr g``g mh rx puniuglg mh lfjlnr> Hr mhbju ]ugegkgugf hf xfg uhm mjr}ujexjmg>

    Lh }hln wxh, mh lnlhf}n, thuhlnr lxbcn mh `n pujlhun z lxz pnbn mh`n rhixfmn& ]nmgtg lxbcg ihf}h mjbh uhm bxgfmn hf uhg`jmgm hr}g phfrgfmnhf xf guen`& H` guen` }jhfh bhf}un, `g uhm mjr}ujexjmg fn&

    7&5& @mhuhr mh npjfjnf

    Hf xfg uhm mjr}ujexjmg }nmnr `nr ljhleunr dnulgf pgu}h mh xfg ljrlgbg}hinug, phun hrn fn rjifjbg wxh rhgf }nmnr jixg`hr; g`ixfnr jfmjtjmxnr #hfdxfbjnf mh rxr cgej`jmgmhr rnbjg`hr, rx hsphujhfbjg, rx dnulgbjnf, g}ugb}jtndjrjbn, gpnzn mh `nr lgrr lhmjg n bxg`wxjhu n}ug bgugb}hur}jbg mjdhuhfbjgmnug*}jhfhf xfg lgznu bgpgbjmgm wxh n}unr pgug jfstxju hf h` phfrgljhf}n mh `nrmhlgr bnlpnfhf}hr mh `g uhm& Hr}nr jfmjtjmxnr rnf bnfnbjmnr bnln `mhuhr mhnpjfjnf, ixuxr n fh}nbug}gr& H` `jmhug{in mh npjfjnf pxhmh uhbghu, }glejhf,hf xf bn`hb}jtn n hf xf lhmjn& Xf bnlxfjbgmn mh xfg grnbjgbjnf pxhmh }hfhuxf iugf jlpgb}n rnbjg`, z `n ljrln pxhmh nbxuuju bnf xfg fn}jbjg rj hr}g rh

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    7&2& MHLNBUGBJG _GU]JBJ_G]JTG 9

    pxe`jbg hf bjhu}gr yher&

    Rjifjbg hr}n wxh `gr uhmhr mjr}ujexjmgr fn rnf }gf mhlnbug}jbgr bnlngpguhf}gf> Wxh jfb`xrn hf h``gr cgz bhf}unr mh pnmhu> Wxj{g& _hun hr}nrbhf}unr mh pnmhu rnf lxz dugij`hr; g` bguhbhu mh xfg hr}uxb}xug dnulg` mhphfmhf mh g`in }gf tn`g}j` bnln `g npjfjnf pnpx`gu, mh dnulg wxh mh xf mgpgug n}un xf ixux mh `g uhm pxhmh mhkgu mh rhu`n rj mhrj`xrjnfg g rxr rhixjmnuhr& Jfb`xrn hf yher hrphbjg`lhf}h jfstxzhf}hr, bnln `g hrpgfn`g Lhfhglh,h` gpnzn pnpx`gu hr h` wxh mhbjmh wxh fn}jbjgr g`bgf{gf lgznu uh`htgfbjg zbxg`hr fn&

    Xf mhu pn }jbn h`hijmn hf `gr xufgr, hf bglejn, pxhmh gdhuugurh g rxbguin cgr}g h` fg` mh `g `hijr`g}xug jfb`xrn gxfwxh rx pnpx`gujmgm bgjig hf

    pjbgmn&

    7&2& Mhlnbugbjg pgu}jbjpg}jtg

    Hf 5?77 pgu}jbjph hf xfg jf}huhrgf}h hsphujhfbjg; `g uhmgbbjnf mh` Lgfjhr}n pnu `g Mhlnbugbjg _gu}jbjpg}jtg& ]nmgtg rh pxhmhf hfbnf}ugu hfJf}hufh} g`ixfnr ugr}unr mh `g nuigfj{gbjnf mh `gr rhrjnfhr wxh mjhunf `xigug` mnbxlhf}n& H` fxlhun mh pgu}jbjpgf}hr tgujgeg mh xfg rhrjnf g n}ug, xfnrjegf, n}unr thfgf, g`ixfnr gpnu}gegf lgr z n}unr lhfnr&&& @gr rhrjnfhr dxh

    unf lgug}nfjgfgr, g`ixfgr mh h``gr mh tgujgr cnugr mh bnfhsjnf nf `jfh hf `grwxh cge`geglnr g }ugthr mh Lxle`h ljhf}ugr uhmgb}geglnr h` }hs}n hf xfpgm& Zn jf}hutjfh bnln ljhleun mh` _gu}jmn _jug}g #pnu gwxh` hf}nfbhr znhug h` puhrjmhf}h mh mjbcn pgu}jmn* phun n}unr lxbcnr hugf rjlp`hr bjxmgmgfnrwxh pgu}jbjpgegf g }}x`n jfmjtjmxg`&

    H` uhrx`}gmn dxh h` rjixjhf}h }hs}n, glp`jglhf}h mjdxfmjmn hf lgu{n mh5?77;

    Gcnug, pnu pujlhug th{, mjrpnfhlnr mh lhmjnr wxh fnr phulj}hf `g mhlnbugbjg p`hfg& @g rnbjhmgm bjtj` mh` rji`n SSJ rnlnr `g lgr puhpgugmg wxh cghsjr}jmn& Rjf hleguin, tjtjlnr hf xfg dg`rg mhlnbugbjg1 jlphudhb}g, grjlh}uj

    bg, bnuuxp}je`h, rxkh}g g jf}huhrhr j`hi}jlnr z wxh fn fnr uhpuhrhf}g& Hr }jhlpn mh xfg pundxfmg uhihfhugbjnf mhlnbug}jbg&

    @gr phurnfgr, iuxpnr, grnbjgbjnfhr z pgu}jmnr wxh rxrbujejlnr h` puhrhf}hlgfjhr}n wxhuhlnr wxh rh mhtxh`tg g` bjxmgmgfn h` `xigu mhbjrjtn hf `gh`hbbjnf z h` bnf}un` mh `gr mhbjrjnfhr wxh fnr gdhb}gf, bnlpunlh}jhfmnfnr g``htgu g bgen, mhf}un mh bgmg glej}n mh gb}xgbjnf;

    @g pgu}jbjpgbjnf bjxmgmgfg mjuhb}g hf `g }nlg mh mhbjrjnfhr mh `nr nuigfnr mh inejhufn hf `nr fjth`hr `nbg`, puntjfbjg`, gx}nfnljbn z hr}g}g`&

    http://www.facebook.com/events/183979478292337/http://www.facebook.com/events/183979478292337/http://www.facebook.com/events/183979478292337/http://www.facebook.com/events/183979478292337/http://www.facebook.com/events/183979478292337/
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    3 BG_J]X@N 7& MHLNBUGBJG

    @g pgu}jbjpgbjnf bjxmgmgfg mjuhb}g hf `g punpxhr}g z gpunegbjnf mh fnu

    lgr kxumjbgr hf `nr fjth`hr `nbg`, puntjfbjg`, gx}nfnljbn z hr}g}g`&

    Jf}unmxbju lhbgfjrlnr pgug h` bnf}un` z rxphutjrjnf bjxmgmgfnr rneuh`g gb}jtjmgm mh` pnmhu hkhbx}jtn z `hijr`g}jtn&

    ]ugfrpguhfbjg hf h` dxfbjnfgljhf}n mh `g Gmljfjr}ugbjnf _xe`jbg, lhmjgf}h h` `jeuh gbbhrn g `gr bxhf}gr z punbhmjljhf}nr pxe`jbnr&

    _unlnthu `g jfmhphfmhfbjg mh` pnmhu Kxmjbjg`&

    Mhdhfmhu wxh h` jf}huhr ihfhug` puhtg`h{bg rneuh jf}huhrhr mh iuxpnr mh

    puhrjnf hf `nr grxf}nr wxh jftn`xbuhf g` pnmhu hkhbx}jtn, `hijr`g}jtn zkxmjbjg`&

    Bnfmhfglnr h` xrn mh `g tjn`hfbjg z punlx`iglnr h` xrn mh` mjg`nin pgug`g bnfrhbxbjnf mh nekh}jtnr pn }jbnr&

    Rj buhhr wxh h` dx}xun fnr phu}hfhbh, wxh mhehuglnr }hfhu bnf}un` rneuhh`, wxh n}ug rnbjhmgm lhknu hr pnrje`h, cgiglnr cjr}nujg& Cgiglnr fxhr}ug `gmhlnbugbjg&

    7&=& J@_ h J@B@gr Jfjbjg}jtgr @hijr`g}jtgr _npx`guhr bnfr}j}xzhf xfg tg g }ugthr mh `g

    bxg` rh pxhmh, lhmjgf}h xfg uhbnijmg mh ulgr, phmju g xfg bglgug `hijr`g}jtgwxh hr}xmjh `g gpunegbjnf mh xfg `hz& Hf }hnug hr xfg tg pgug `g mhlnbugbjgmjuhb}g, zg wxh puhrbjfmh mh jf}hulhmjgujnr hf}uh h` pxhe`n z h` pgu`glhf}n;fn hr fhbhrgujn wxh `g puhrhf}h fjfixf pgu}jmn pn`}jbn&

    Rjf hleguin `gr J@_ }jhfhf lxbcgr `jlj}gbjnfhr& Bnpjn z phin `g punpxhr}g wxh hf 5??3 uhg`j{geg h` _gu}jmn _jug}g uhrphb}n g hr}h }hlg;

    H` _gu}jmn _jug}g puhrhf}g `gr J@B #Jfjbjg}jtgr @hijr`g}jtgr Bjxmgmgfgr*7: mh fntjhleuh, 5??3 pnu Bnnumjfgmnu Uh`gbjnfhr _xe`jbgr

    Gxfwxh pgug lxbcnr bjxmgmgfnr uhrx`}h xfg pnrjej`jmgm mhrbnfnbjmg, `gBnfr}j}xbjnf Hrpgfn`g, g }ugthr mh rx gu}bx`n 39&2 bnf}hlp`g `g pnrjej`jmgm uhix`gmg pnu `g @hz Nuigfjbg 2.7:3= mh wxh `nr bjxmgmgfnr cgigf punpxhr}gruhrpg`mgmgr pnu xf lfjln mh 8??&??? ulgr, punpxhr}gr mhfnljfgmgr pnu`hz J@_r #Jfjbjg}jtgr @hijr`g}jtgr _npx`guhr*&

    _nu }gf}n g`ixhf pnmug puhixf}gufn pnuwxh mhdhfmhlnr, pgug }nmn }hlggkhfn g` jmhgujn mh _JUG]G, bnln lhmjn mh hspuhrjnf pnpx`gu z mh tn`xf}gm mh `g bjxmgmgfg, pnu hfbjlg mh jf}huhrhr hbnfnljbnr z pgu}jmjr}gr mh `nrinehufgf}hr, fxhr}ug jmhg mh J@Br #Jfjbjg}jtgr @hijr`g}jtgr Bjxmgmgfgr* mh

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    7&=& J@_ H J@B :

    _JUG]G Bxgfmn zg hsjr}hf `gr J@_r, uhbnijmgr z bnf}hlp`gmgr hf `g Bnfr

    }j}xbjnf&Hf h`gu}bx`n 39&2 mh `g Bnfr}j}xbjnfrh bnf}hlp`g `g pnrjej`jmgm uhix`gmg

    pnu `g@hz Nuigfjbg 2.7:3= mh wxh `nr bjxmgmgfnr cgigf punpxhr}gr uhrpg`mgmgr pnu xf lfjln mh 8??&??? ulgr, punpxhr}gr mhfnljfgmgr pnu `hz J@_r#Jfjbjg}jtgr @hijr`g}jtgr _npx`guhr*1 g`ixjhf pnmug puhixf}gurh pgug wxh fhbhrj}gugf `nr bjxmgmgfnr `gr dx}xugr J@Br #Jfjbjg}jtgr @hijr`g}jtgr Bjxmgmgfgr*mh _JUG]G rj zg hsjr}hf `gr J@_r&

    _xhr pgug hlph{gu, pnuwxh `gr J@_r hr}gf }uhlhfmglhf}h bgpgmgr;

    fn pxhmh uhdnulgurh `hz Nuigfjbg g`ixfg, fj uhix`gurh lg}hujg punpjg

    mh `hz Nuigfjbg1 hr}n hsb`xzh h` Bnmjin _hfg`, `nr Hr}g}x}nr mh Gx}nfnlg, `g @hz H`hb}nug`, `g mh` Mhdhfrnu mh` _xhe`n, `g mh` ]ujexfg`Bnfr}j}xbjnfg`, `g mh Hmxbgbjnf, `g mh` Mhuhbcn mh Uhxfjnf, `g mh @jehu}gm Rjfmjbg`, `g mh @jehu}gm Uh`jijnrg, `g mh _gu}jmnr _n`}jbnr, h}b

    fn pxhmh uhdnulgurh `hz }ujex}gujg g`ixfg1 hr}n hsb`xzh `g @hz Ihfhug`]ujex}gujg, `g @hz Uhix`gmnug mh `gr Cgbjhfmgr @nbg`hr, `g @hz rneuh h`JU_D, `g @hz mh` JTG, h}b

    fn pxhmh uhdnulgurh `hz g`ixfg mh bgugb}hu jf}hufgbjnfg`1 rj fn fnrixr}g g`ixf }ug}gmn jf}hufgbjnfg` wxh tgzg g rxrbujeju Hrpgfg, n fn

    fnr ixr}g wxh Hrpgfg fn tgzg g rxrbujeju g`ixf n}un, fn }hfhlnr lgrnpbjnf wxh hrphugu g wxh h` Inejhufn mh }xufn fnr puhixf}h z hrn cgrxbhmjmn xfjbglhf}h bnf `g bnfrx`}g mh Inf{g`h{ rneuh `g phulgfhfbjghf `g N]GF, z `g mh [gpg}hun rneuh h` ]ug}gmn mh Fj{g1 mnr bnfrx`}grhf `nr x`}jlnr 2? g fnr

    fn pxhmh h`genugurh `hz g`ixfg uhdhuhf}h g `g puhuunig}jtg mh iugbjg,h` jfmx`}n, wxh rhixf h` gu}bx`n 45&j mh `g Bnfr}j}xbjnf bnuuhrpnfmh g`Uhz, bnf guuhi`n g `g @hz

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  • 8/2/2019 Democracia y realidad

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    5? BG_J]X@N 5& UHG@JMGM

    5&=& @g bhfrxug hf Jf}hufh}

    Hf `g rhf}hfbjg 827.?: mh` Kx{igmn mh `n phfg` fxlhun 74 mh Lgmujm,bnf dhbcg 73 mh mjbjhleuh mh 5??:, pxhmh `hhurh;

    @g pun}hbbjnf bnfr}j}xbjnfg` g` mhuhbcn g `g jfdnulgbjnf rh uhhuh g `nrlhmjnr mh bnlxfjbgbjnf rnbjg` #}h`htjrjnf, ugmjn n puhfrg hrbuj}g* phun, mhehlg}j{gurh, jf}hufh} fn hr xf lhmjn mh bnlxfjbgbjnf rnbjg` hf rhf}jmn hr}ujb}n, rjfn xfjthurg`&

    @g jfb`xrjnf mh mjbcn pguugdn hf xfg rhf}hfbjg kxmjbjg` uhrx`}g mh mjdbj`bnlpuhfrjnf& @g Bnfr}j}xbjnf Hrpgfn`g, hf rx gu}bx`n 5? mjbh wxh

    7& Rh uhbnfnbhf z pun}hihf `nr mhuhbcnr;

    g* G hspuhrgu z mjdxfmju `jeuhlhf}h `nr phfrgljhf}nr, jmhgr z npjfjnfhrlhmjgf}h `g pg`geug, h` hrbuj}n n bxg`wxjhu n}un lhmjn mh uhpunmxbbjnf& e*G `g punmxbbjnf z buhgbjnf `j}hugujg, gu}r}jbg, bjhf}bg z }hbfjbg& b* G `g`jehu}gm mh bg}hmug& m* G bnlxfjbgu n uhbjeju `jeuhlhf}h jfdnulgbjnf thug{pnu bxg`wxjhu lhmjn mh mjdxrjnf& @g `hz uhix`gug h` mhuhbcn g `g b`gxrx`g mhbnfbjhfbjg z g` rhbuh}n pundhrjnfg` hf h` hkhubjbjn mh hr}gr `jehu}gmhr&

    5& H` hkhubjbjn mh hr}nr mhuhbcnr fn pxhmh uhr}ujfijurh lhmjgf}h fjfixf}jpn mh bhfrxug puhtjg&

    2& @g `hz uhix`gug `g nuigfj{gbjnf z h` bnf}un` pgu`glhf}gujn mh `nr lhmjnrmh bnlxfjbgbjnf rnbjg` mhphfmjhf}hr mh` Hr}gmn n mh bxg`wxjhu hf}h pxe`jbnz igugf}j{gug h` gbbhrn g mjbcnr lhmjnr mh `nr iuxpnr rnbjg`hr z pn}jbnrrjifjbg}jtnr, uhrph}gfmn h` p`xug`jrln mh `g rnbjhmgm z mh `gr mjthurgr `hfixgrmh Hrpgfg&

    =& Hr}gr `jehu}gmhr }jhfhf rx `jlj}h hf h` uhrph}n g `nr mhuhbcnr uhbnfnbjmnrhf hr}h ]j}x`n, hf `nr puhbhp}nr mh `gr `hzhr wxh `n mhrguun``gf z, hrphbjg`lhf}h, hf h` mhuhbcn g` cnfnu, g `g jf}jljmgm, g `g punpjg jlgihf z g `g pun}hbbjnfmh `g kxthf}xm z mh `g jfdgfbjg&

    8& Rn`n pnmug gbnumgurh h` rhbxhr}un mh pxe`jbgbjnfhr, iugegbjnfhr z n}unrlhmjnr mh jfdnulgbjnf hf tju}xm mh uhrn`xbjnf kxmjbjg`&

    H` gu}bx`n 5? mh `g Bnfr}j}xbjnf Hrpgfn`g fn puhbjrg wxh lhmjnr rnfbnfrjmhugmnr mh bnlxfjbgbjnf rnbjg` 5bxg`hr fn, phun hf h` gu}bx`n 7=: pxhmh

    `hhurh;7& H` Hr}gmn }jhfh bnlph}hfbjg hsb`xrjtg rneuh `gr rjixjhf}hr lg}hujgr;

    59 * Fnulgr egrjbgr mh` uhijlhf mh puhfrg, ugmjn z }h`htjrjnf z, hfihfhug`, mh }nmnr `nr lhmjnr mh bnlxfjbgbjnf rnbjg`, rjf phukxjbjn mh `gr dgbx`}gmhr wxh hf rx mhrguun``n z hkhbxbjnf bnuuhrpnfmgf g `gr BnlxfjmgmhrGx}nfnlgr&

    Mh mnfmh rh mhmxbh wxh `g Bnfr}j}xbjnf Hrpgfn`g uhbnfnbh bnln lhmjnrmh bnlxfjbgbjnf rnbjg` g `g puhfrg, ugmjn z }h`htjrjnf, phun h` xrn mh `g hspuhrjnf z, hf ihfhug`, mh }nmnr `nr lhmjnr mh bnlxfjbgbjnf rnbjg`mhkg gejhu}g

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    5&=& @G BHFRXUG HF JF]HUFH] 57

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    Hf h` bnf}hs}n gb}xg` rh mjr}jfixhf mnr iugfmhr }jpnr mh lhmjnr mh bnlxfjbgbjnf;

    Lgrr lhmjg n lhmjnr mh bnlxfjbgbjnf mh lgrgr; puhfrg hrbuj}g, ugmjnz }h`htjrjnf& Hf rx lgznu pgu}h buhgmnr pnu hlpuhrgr z mhr}jfgmnr gpxe`jbnr lxz fxlhunrnr&

    Rnbjg` lhmjg n lhmjnr mh bnlxfjbgbjnf rnbjg`hr; e`nir, dnunr z n}unr}jpnr mh pxe`jbgbjnfhr egrgmgr hf Jf}hufh}& Hf rx lgznu pgu}h buhgmnr pnu jf}hufgx}gr jfmhphfmjhf}hr n pnu grnbjgbjnfhr, z mhr}jfgmnr gpxe`jbnr lxz uhmxbjmnr, gxfwxh bnf `g pnrjej`jmgm mh g`bgf{gu iugfmhrgxmjhfbjgr hf xf lnlhf}n mgmn&

    Rhixf hr}g b`grjbgbjnf `nr gx}hf}jbnr lhmjnr mh bnlxfjbgbjnf rnbjg`hrrhugf `nr rnbjg` lhmjg, wxh hr}gf egrgmnr hf h` xrn mh Jf}hufh}& @g Bnfr}j}xbjnf Hrpgfn`g, pnu rx pgu}h, uhbnfnbh }glejhf h` bgugb}hu mh lhmjn mhbnlxfjbgbjnf rnbjg` mh `nr lgrr lhmjg& Xfg pgijfg yhe tjfbx`gmg g xf iuxpnlhmjg}jbn mjrdux}gug mh `gr bgugb}hur}jbgr mh `nr lgrr lhmjg z mh `nr rnbjg`lhmjg, bnf `n wxh rx bgugb}hu mh lhmjn mh bnlxfjbgbjnf rnbjg` rhug gmlj}jmnrhixf }nmgr hr}gr b`grjbgbjnfhr&

    @g rhf}hfbjg kxmjbjg` gf}hr lhfbjnfgmg, rjf hleguin, uhbcg{g h` bgugb}humh lhmjn mh bnlxfjbgbjnf rnbjg` mh Jf}hufh} z htj}g gr `g fhbhrjmgm mh bxlp`ju bnf `gr igugf}gr lhfbjnfgmgr hf h` gu}bx`n 5?&7 mh `g Bnfr}j}xbjnf Hrpgfn`g& Lgr g``g mh `n wxh hr}n pxhmg jlp`jbgu hf hr}g rhf}hfbjg hf bnfbuh}n#uh`gbjnfgmg bnf `g pxe`jbgbjnf mh mg}nr phurnfg`hr wxh pnmugf mhlnr}ugubjhu}gr juuhix`gujmgmhr mhf}un mh xf bnfnbjmn pgu}jmn pn`}jbn* hr}g rhf}hfbjgrjhf}g xf iugth puhbhmhf}h g` gulgu wxh `g `jehu}gm mh hspuhrjnf, igugf}j{g

    mg pnu h` gu}bx`n 5?&7 mh `g Bnfr}j}xbjnf Hrpgfn`g, fn gegubg `n pxe`jbgmn hfJf}hufh}, ug{nfgljhf}n wxh geuh `gr pxhu}gr g `g bhfrxug puhtjg hf Jf}hufh}&

    G lhfxmn rh guixlhf}g wxh `g pun}hbbjnf kxmjbjg` mh `g `jehu}gm mh hspuhrjnf fn }jhfh pnu wxh gp`jbgurh hf Jf}hufh}& Xf hkhlp`n bnfnbjmn hr h` mh`hxunpgu`glhf}gujn Jifgrj Ixgumgfr, wxh rnr}xtn `g pnr}xug mh wxh Jf}hufh}lgz uhwxjuh rnlh}jlhr mjhuhf} ux`hr dunl }cnrh ycjbc gpp`z }n nxu rwxguhr gfm r}uhh}r #Jf}hufh} pxhmh uhwxhuju g`ixfgr thbhr uhi`gr mjdhuhf}hr mh `grwxh gp`jbglnr hf fxhr}ugr p`g{gr z bg``hr *& Ixgumgfr dxh uhb`x}gmn pnu `gljfjr}ug Rjfmh fgmg lgr mhkgu rx pxhr}n hf Euxrh`gr&

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  • 8/2/2019 Democracia y realidad

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    55 BG_J]X@N 5& UHG@JMGM

    5&8& Mh `g @RRJ g `g @hz Rjfmh

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    Lhr}uh ``glgf `g g}hfbjnf rneuh xfg mh `gr ne`jigbjnfhr mh `nr puhr}gmnuhrmh rhutjbjnr hf Jf}hufh} uhbnijmgr hf h` gu}bx`n nfbh mh` hf}nfbhr punzhb}nmh `hz;

    Rxrphfmhu `g }ugfrljrjnf, h` g`nkgljhf}n mh mg}nr, h` gbbhrn g `g uhm n `gpuhr}gbjnf mh bxg`wxjhu n}un rhutjbjn mh `g rnbjhmgm mh `g jfdnulgbjnf, pgugpnfhu f g xfg jfdugbbjnf n jlphmju`g, bxgfmn gr `hr rhg rn`jbj}gmn pnu xfggx}nujmgm kxmjbjg` n gmljfjr}ug}jtg bnlph}hf}h&

    @`glg pnmhunrglhf}h `g g}hfbjnf mh wxh mjbcn bjhuuh mh yher pxhmg rhunumhfgmn pnu xfg gx}nujmgm gmljfjr}ug}jtg bnlph}hf}h, rneuh }nmn }hfjhfmnhf bxhf}g wxh h` gu}bx`n 5?&8 mh `g Bnfr}j}xbjnf Hrpgfn`g mjbh wxh rn`npnmug gbnumgurh h` rhbxhr}un mh pxe`jbgbjnfhr, iugegbjnfhr z n}unr lhmjnr mhjfdnulgbjnf hf tju}xm mh uhrn`xbjnf kxmjbjg`&

    H` Bnfrhkn mh Ljfjr}unr mjn h` tjr}n exhfn g `n wxh rhug `g @RRJ, h` 3 mhdheuhun mh 5??5& Fn }gumn lxbcn G`duhmn _huh{ Uxeg`bgeg, hf}nfbhr pnu}gtn{mh Bjhfbjg z ]hbfn`nig mh` Iuxpn _gu`glhf}gujn Rnbjg`jr}g, hf gfxfbjgu`g npnrjbjnf mh rx iuxpn pgu`glhf}gujn g mjbcg `hz& Uxeg`bgeg bg`jbn g`g @RRJ, hf gwxh` hf}nfbhr, bnln xfg `hz mh `g bhfrxug mh` bjehuhrpgbjn, zmhfxfbjn wxh rh x}j`j{grh xfg `hz mh bnlhubjn h`hb}unfjbn pgug bnf}un`gu `nrstxknr mh jfdnulgbjnf&

    H` 77 mh kx`jn mh 5??5 rh gpunen `g @RRJ& Dxh pxe`jbgmg hf h` ENH mh`mg 75 mh kx`jn& Hf `g uhmgbbjnf gpunegmg hr xf nuigfn bnlph}hf}h #wxh hf

    g`ixfnr bgrnr rhug xf kxh{ z hf n}unr bgrnr fn* h` wxh mheh }nlgu `g mhbjrjnfmh` bjhuuh mh xfg pgijfg yhe&

    H` 7= mh lgu{n mh 5??= h` _RNH igfg `gr h`hbbjnfhr& Knrh @xjr Unmuixh{[gpg}hun inehufgug Hrpgfg& H` 73 mh geuj` mh 5??= Bgulhf Bg`tn grxlh `gbgu}hug mh` Ljfjr}hujn mh Bx`}xug& H` 5: mh mjbjhleuh #xf mg mhrpxhr mh` Mgmh `nr Jfnbhf}hr* rh puhrhf}g h` enuugmnu mh `g uhdnulg mh `g @RRJ, hf h` wxhrh cge`g mh `g `xbcg bnf}ug h` }np lgf}g z mh `g fhbhrjmgm mh rhfrjej`j{gu g`g rnbjhmgm&

    Hf rhp}jhleuh mh 5??4 bnljhf{g g uhmgb}gurh `g @JRJ& Rhixf h` enuugmnu

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    5&8& MH @G @RRJ G @G @HZ RJFMH 52

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    http://www.internautas.org/archivos/pdf/Anteproyecto_LISI_080906.pdfhttp://www.internautas.org/archivos/pdf/Anteproyecto_LISI_080906.pdfhttp://www.internautas.org/archivos/pdf/Anteproyecto_LISI_080906.pdfhttp://www.internautas.org/gobiernoyleyes/html/4056.htmlhttp://www.internautas.org/gobiernoyleyes/html/4056.htmlhttp://www.internautas.org/gobiernoyleyes/html/4056.htmlhttp://www.internautas.org/gobiernoyleyes/html/4056.htmlhttp://www.internautas.org/gobiernoyleyes/html/4056.htmlhttp://www.internautas.org/archivos/pdf/LISI-ConsejoEstado.pdfhttp://www.internautas.org/archivos/pdf/LISI-ConsejoEstado.pdfhttp://www.internautas.org/html/4453.htmlhttp://www.internautas.org/html/4453.htmlhttp://www.internautas.org/html/4453.htmlhttp://www.internautas.org/archivos/pdf/enmiendas-LISI-IU.pdfhttp://www.internautas.org/archivos/pdf/enmiendas-LISI-IU.pdfhttp://www.internautas.org/archivos/pdf/enmiendas-LISI-IU.pdfhttp://www.internautas.org/archivos/pdf/enmiendas-LISI-IU.pdfhttp://www.internautas.org/archivos/pdf/enmiendas-LISI-IU.pdfhttp://www.internautas.org/archivos/pdf/enmiendas-LISI-IU.pdfhttp://www.internautas.org/archivos/pdf/enmiendas-LISI-IU.pdfhttp://www.internautas.org/archivos/pdf/enmiendas-LISI-IU.pdfhttp://www.internautas.org/archivos/pdf/enmiendas-LISI-IU.pdfhttp://www.internautas.org/archivos/pdf/enmiendas-LISI-IU.pdfhttp://www.internautas.org/html/4497.htmlhttp://www.internautas.org/html/4497.htmlhttp://www.internautas.org/html/4497.htmlhttp://lourdesmunozsantamaria.blogspot.com/2007/10/la-lisi-aprobada-en-comisin-unanimidad.htmlhttp://lourdesmunozsantamaria.blogspot.com/2007/10/la-lisi-aprobada-en-comisin-unanimidad.htmlhttp://lourdesmunozsantamaria.blogspot.com/2007/10/la-lisi-aprobada-en-comisin-unanimidad.htmlhttp://anvazher.nireblog.com/post/2007/11/17/carta-abierta-a-lourdes-munoz-santamariahttp://anvazher.nireblog.com/post/2007/11/17/carta-abierta-a-lourdes-munoz-santamariahttp://anvazher.nireblog.com/post/2007/11/17/carta-abierta-a-lourdes-munoz-santamariahttp://anvazher.nireblog.com/post/2007/11/17/carta-abierta-a-lourdes-munoz-santamariahttp://anvazher.nireblog.com/post/2007/11/17/carta-abierta-a-lourdes-munoz-santamariahttp://anvazher.nireblog.com/post/2007/11/17/carta-abierta-a-lourdes-munoz-santamariahttp://isauranavarrointervenciones.blogspot.com/2007/10/isaura-navarro-defiende-la-posicin-de.htmlhttp://isauranavarrointervenciones.blogspot.com/2007/10/isaura-navarro-defiende-la-posicin-de.htmlhttp://www.senado.es/legis9/publicaciones/html/textos/IIIA002A.htmlhttp://www.senado.es/legis9/publicaciones/html/textos/IIIA002A.htmlhttp://www.senado.es/legis9/publicaciones/html/textos/IIIA002A.htmlhttp://www.senado.es/legis9/publicaciones/html/textos/IIIA002A.htmlhttp://www.senado.es/legis9/publicaciones/html/textos/IIIA002A.htmlhttp://isauranavarrointervenciones.blogspot.com/2007/10/isaura-navarro-defiende-la-posicin-de.htmlhttp://anvazher.nireblog.com/post/2007/11/17/carta-abierta-a-lourdes-munoz-santamariahttp://anvazher.nireblog.com/post/2007/11/17/carta-abierta-a-lourdes-munoz-santamariahttp://lourdesmunozsantamaria.blogspot.com/2007/10/la-lisi-aprobada-en-comisin-unanimidad.htmlhttp://lourdesmunozsantamaria.blogspot.com/2007/10/la-lisi-aprobada-en-comisin-unanimidad.htmlhttp://www.internautas.org/html/4497.htmlhttp://www.internautas.org/html/4497.htmlhttp://www.internautas.org/archivos/pdf/enmiendas-LISI-IU.pdfhttp://www.internautas.org/archivos/pdf/enmiendas-LISI-IU.pdfhttp://www.internautas.org/archivos/pdf/enmiendas-LISI-IU.pdfhttp://www.internautas.org/html/4453.htmlhttp://www.internautas.org/archivos/pdf/LISI-ConsejoEstado.pdfhttp://www.internautas.org/archivos/pdf/LISI-ConsejoEstado.pdfhttp://www.internautas.org/gobiernoyleyes/html/4056.htmlhttp://www.internautas.org/gobiernoyleyes/html/4056.htmlhttp://www.internautas.org/archivos/pdf/Anteproyecto_LISI_080906.pdfhttp://www.internautas.org/archivos/pdf/Anteproyecto_LISI_080906.pdf
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    Rh mhmxbh mh hr}h gu}bx`n wxh mheh rhu bnfrjmhugmg bnln jfdnulgbjnfuh`htgf}h gwxh``g wxh cgzg rjmn h}jwxh}gmg bnln }g` pnu `nr hljrnuhr mh tg`nuhr, n wxh hr}hf jfb`xjmnr hf xfg uh`gbjnf jfmjbg}jtg z fn hscgxr}jtg mh `nrrxpxhr}nr wxh rh bnfrjmhugf jfdnulgbjnf uh`htgf}h wxh rhug h`genugmg pnu `gBFLT&

    Gu}bx`n 2& _ujfbjpjnr z mhehuhr ihfhug`hr mh gb}xgbjnf@nr hljrnuhr mh tg`nuhr, g` bxlp`ju `gr ne`jigbjnfhr wxh rh hr}ge`hbhf hf

    hr}g numhf, mhehugf;g* Gb}xgu bnf fhx}ug`jmgm, gp`jbgfmn `nr ljrlnr buj}hujnr g `gr jfdnulg

    bjnfhr uh`htgf}hr bnf jfmhphfmhfbjg mh wxh pxhmgf jfstxju mh lgfhug dgtnuge`h n gmthurg hf `g bn}j{gbjnf mh xf tg`nu&

    e* Mjdxfmju jflhmjg}glhf}h g` lhubgmn z rjlx`}gfhglhf}h g `g BnljrjnfFgbjnfg` mh` Lhubgmn mh Tg`nuhr, }nmg `g jfdnulgbjnf uh`htgf}h }gf punf}nbnln rhg bnfnbjmn h` chbcn, rh cgzg gmnp}gmn `g mhbjrjnf n ulgmn h` gbxhumnn bnf}ug}n mh wxh rh }ug}h& G `nr hdhb}nr mh `n mjrpxhr}n hf h` gu}bx`n 35&2

    mh `g @hz mh` Lhubgmn mh Tg`nuhr, rh hf}hfmhug wxh `g jfdnulgbjnf uh`htgf}hpxhmh phu}xuegu h` fnulg` mhrguun``n mh `gr nphugbjnfhr rneuh `nr tg`nuhr mh`hljrnu n pnfhu hf ph`jiun `g pun}hbbjnf mh `nr jfthurnuhr bxgfmn rx mjdxrjnf g`lhubgmn cgig puhtjrje`h nrbj`gbjnfhr jlpnu}gf}hr hf rxr puhbjnr mh bn}j{gbjnf&

    b* Hf `nr rxpxhr}nr hf `nr wxh `g jfdnulgbjnf uh`htgf}h fn rh cgzg nujijfgmn hf h` rhfn mh` hljrnu, rh pxe`jbgugf }gf punf}n bnln }hfigf bnfnbjljhf}nmh h``g&

    Gu}bx`n =& Buj}hujnr ihfhug`hr uh`g}jtnr g` bnf}hfjmn mh `gr bnlxfjbgbjnfhr mh jfdnulgbjnf uh`htgf}h&

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    5&4& BHFRXUG MH JFDNULGBJNF HBNFNLJBG 59

    7& H` bnf}hfjmn mh `g bnlxfjbgbjnf rhug thug{, b`gun z bnlp`h}n& @g jf

    dnulgbjnf rh hspnfmug mh dnulg fhx}ug`, rjf rhrinr n kxjbjnr mh tg`nu wxhpuhkx{ixhf n mjr}nurjnfhf rx g`bgfbh&

    5& @g jfdnulgbjnf uh`htgf}h, rjhlpuh wxh rhg pnrje`h, mhehug bxgf}jbgurh&Bxgfmn rh }ug}h mh mg}nr gpunsjlgmnr, `nr hljrnuhr mh tg`nuhr hrphbjbgugfhr}g bjubxfr}gfbjg z, hf `nr bgrnr hf wxh rhg pnrje`h, gpnu}gugf xf ugfinhr}jlgmn&

    2& @nr hljrnuhr jfb`xjugf hf `gr bnlxfjbgbjnfhr mh jfdnulgbjnf uh`htgf}h `nr gf}hbhmhf}hr, uhdhuhfbjgr n pxf}nr mh bnlpgugbjnf wxh rh bnfrjmhuhfnpnu}xfnr, bnf h` nekh}n mh dgbj`j}gu rx bnlpuhfrjnf z g`bgfbh&

    =& Hf `nr rxpxhr}nr hf `nr wxh `g jfdnulgbjnf uh`htgf}h nekh}n mh bnlx

    fjbgbjnf cgig uhdhuhfbjg g mhbjrjnfhr, gbxhumnr n punzhb}nr bxzg hdhb}jtjmgmhr}h bnfmjbjnfgmg g xfg pnr}hujnu gpunegbjnf, ug}jbgbjnf n gx}n