Derecho espacial interastral sideral ESPACIO ULTRATERRESTREaedae-aeroespacial.org/.../2019/...Abogados-Madrid.pdfCOLEGIO ABOGADOS MADRID Derecho espacialnueva rama jurídica aunque

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MINISTERIODE DEFENSA

DIRECCIÓN GENERAL DEARMAMENTO Y MATERIAL

2019 0221 GB DE SALAS. SISTEMAS ESPACIALES. COLEGIO ABOGADOS MADRID

Derecho espacial nueva rama jurídica aunque algunos la llaman Derecho … astronáutico, interastral, sideral, interplanetario, cosmonáutico, extraterrestre…. .Engloba leyes nacionales e internacionales que controlan las actividades en el espacio exterior. Regulado por la Oficina de ONU para asuntos del Espacio Exterior (UNOOSA).

1.- Tratado ESPACIO ULTRATERRESTRE (1966) actividades de Estados en la exploración y utilización del espacio exterior (+Luna) BOE 04/02/1969 Deposito adhesión y entrada en vigor en España 27/11/19682.- Acuerdo SALVAMENTO (1967) rescate, retorno de astronautas … BOE 08/06/20013.- Convenio RESPONSABILIDAD (1971) sobre responsabilidad internacional por daños BOE 02/05/19804.- Convención REGISTRO (1974) de objetos lanzados al espacio exterior BOE 29/01/19795.- Acuerdo TRATADO DE LA LUNA (1979) actividades de Estados sobre la Luna y otros cuerpos celestes NO RATIFICADOAcuerdo ESTACION ESPACIAL INTERNACIONAL (1998)

“Espacio: patrimonio común del hombre" >> no disponible para reclamaciones nacionales, o esta definición jurídica debe modificarse >> permitir propiedad privada en el espacio.

Orden 04MAY 1968 regula lanzamientos de carácter privadoReal Decreto 278/1995 24FEB 1995 se crea el España el REGISTRO del Convenio de 1974.

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http://www.defensa.gob.es/

MINISTERIO

DE DEFENSA

DIRECCIÓN GENERAL DE

ARMAMENTO Y MATERIAL

European space activities rely on a strong and robust political mandate.The White Paper on Space provides an action plan for implementing the European Space Policy, which is agreed by all member states.

Spain is among (4th country) the main contributors to the European Space Programs.

UNCLASSIFIED

SPACE PROGRAM: EU & NATO

EU: There is a link between Space, Sovereignty and Security issues

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2020> inicio DOC: POLITICA ESPACIAL de la DEFENSA

2019 Revisión del PLAN DIRECTOR Sistemas Espaciales

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B$ 2010

USA 45EUR +5JAP 3FRA 3RUS 3CHI 1IND 1

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B$ 2010 2016

USA 45 36?EUR +5 10JAP 3 3RUS 3 3FRA 3 3CHI 1 5IND 1 1GER 2ITA 1UK 0,7ESP … 0,3

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Agencia Espacial Europea (ESA).

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MINISTERIO

DE DEFENSA



CP 09A0130GOVSATCOM

UNCLASSIFIED

A new space project is highly costly, for this reason SPAIN is open to collaborate GtG with other countries to obtain new SATCOM solutions.Next years are important, a new SP MILSATCOM system has to be defined taking into account that there are three main international scenarios:

1. EDA GOVSATCOM Project. (SPAIN is the leading nation).2. NATO Capability Package CP 09A0130.3. Bilateral GtG SATCOM Project.

SPACE PROGRAM : EU & NATO

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SpainSat XTAR-EUR

C7

C1

TOTAL Bandwidth 1,690 GHz• 4 GLOBAL BEAMS• 12 THEATER BEAMS

– 2 SP + 1 US FIXED– 9 STEERABLE

PRESENT SPANISH MILSATCOM PROGRAM

UNCLASSIFIED

120W 120E

60S

60N

UNCLASSIFIED

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NEUROSPACE

DIGITAL ARQ

FLEXIBILITY

ROAMING

SERVICES

SENSORS USERS

PLATFORMS

“THE (8) EIGHT CONCEPTS”

UNCLASSIFIED

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UNCLASSIFIED


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• The present SP SATCOM system comprises two military satellites, SPAINSAT and XTAR-EUR, incorporating:– High power amplifiers (100 W)

– Wideband (72 MHz and 40 MHz) X-band transponders

– Military Ka band transponders (only in SPAINSAT)

– Fixed and steerable beams (Theater)

– Earth coverage beams (Global)

– Robust, secure ground segment and associated operation services

• The satellites are fully interoperable with national and NATO ground terminals.

• System performance is fully compatible with planned NATO ground infrastructure upgrades


UNCLASSIFIED

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DIRECCIÓN GENERAL DEARMAMENTO Y MATERIALHISDESAT: SP GOV OPERATOR

❑ Spanish MoD has a Public Private Partnership with Hisdesat, who acquires, operates and commercializes governmental satellite systems, initially for communications in X and Mil-

Ka band. The SP MoD is the anchor customer of the system.

Spanish MoD has a significant share of Hisdesat andthrough a shareholders agreement has reserved the

strategic decision of the company

30%

7%

43%

5%15%

SHAREHOLDERS

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SPANISH MILSATCOM PROGRAM

UNCLASSIFIED

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SPAINSAT GROUND CONTROL CENTER + TTC

ARGANDA (MADRID)

UNCLASSIFIED


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MASPALOMAS (CANARY ISLANDS)

XTAR TTC

UNCLASSIFIED


50 YEARS

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Spanish Military units are enabled by present (& future) MILSATCOMMilitary Satellite Communication and tactical networks which transportCommand & Control (C2), sensors, ISR (intelligence, surveillance &reconnaissance information) to enable timely and decisive operations.

Proliferation in advanced space, electronic warfare and cybercapabilities threaten our ability to maintain info superiority.

Preserving the reliability of the networks requires communicationtechniques for low probability of detection, interception, and denial, andenhanced infrastructure for protection.

The electronic threats against SATCOM have escalated in the last fewyears and will continue to increase in the foreseeable future.

(Note: Under severe stress situations, jamming can render all commercial SATCOMand most Defense SATCOM inoperable).

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1. SP MoD / Hisdesat’s Current MILSATCOM satellites will finish nominal operational

life by 2021-23 and have some extra propellant to extent the life.

2. SP MoD Space Systems Master Plan (2015) established to continue the current

Public Private Partnership model with Hisdesat to replace the Milsatcom fleet.

3. SP MoD leads initiatives regarding EDA- GOVSATCOM and NATO- CP9A0130.

4. SP CHoD issued (DEC16) SP ARMED FORCES Operational requirements for the

MILSATCOM NG (next generation).

5. SP SEDEF Defence Secretary of State approved (MAY17) the Feasibility

Document to make a programmatic answer to the Operational requirements.

6. SP Cabinet approves (JUL18) the Budget for SPAINSAT NG.

7. SP MoD & Hisdesat received an industrial proposal that is been reviewing at this

time and is preparing the final negotiation phase to start the program.

MINISTERIO

DE DEFENSA



•Provide assured, secure communications

• Right comm, right user, right time• Information services driven

• From protected voice to “Information Superiority”•Fully integrate with the NATO•Reduce communications “footprint” (terminals radios, antenna, RF signature, people, etc.)•Be user friendly, interoperable

1. Joint & Coalition▪ Interoperability

2. Dominant Maneuver• Wide area, all echelons, netted

3. Precision Engagement• Information driven, sensor-to-shooter

4. Full-Dimensional Protection• Secure, AJ, LPI/LPD, Assured Access

5. Focused logistics• Small footprint, less manning and O&S

Support SP Decision- making and C2 at Strategic & Operational level

SPAINSAT NG REQUIREMENTS

MINISTERIO

DE DEFENSA



Main SP CHoD “SPAINSAT NG” Requirements1. High availability and flexibility

2. More “On the move” communications

3. Extended coverage

4. Smaller terminal size

5. Very high data rates at a reduced cost

6. Resistant to jamming or other forms of interference

7. Hardened satellite / HANE

SPAINSAT NG REQUIREMENTS

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PLÈIADESHELIOS II

UNCLASSIFIED

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1.- RADAR COMPONENT SAR PAZ2.- OPTICAL COMPONENT INGENIO

1. SAR- PAZ 2. OPTICAL- INGENIO

UNCLASSIFIED

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ANTENNA

UNCLASSIFIED

5 Mts

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UNCLASSIFIED

Antenna:

• 3 x 4 panels

• 32 subarrays x panel

• 384 Modulos T/R

SubarrayPanel

Dirección electrónica del haz

20° 55°

Panel

The Front-End of the Radar Instrument has been developed and

based in micro strip patches arrays technology available at SP

EADS CASA Espacio.

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UNCLASSIFIED

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?

SHIP w/o AIS… ¡¡¡¡

StripMap HH Acquisition, HH, (3m, reduced)Strait of Gibraltar – Ship Assessment

Prel. Image recorded during calibration phase

UNCLASSIFIED

1. TAKE ACTION BASED ON DATA2. IDENTIFY THE NEEDLE IN A HAYSTACK3. BE ON THE SPOT AT THE RIGHT TIME

IN OUR AOR

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UNCLASSIFIED

SPAIN SEOB activities looking for:

1. National and cooperation SEOB capability

2. National cooperation SEOB developments and cooperation plans

3. International Cooperation guidelines on space and security

4. Supporting international SEOB initiatives (i.e. Copernicus 2G)

5. Roadmap on Industrial and technological SEOB base increase

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GRUPO INTERMINISTERIAL GNSS

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SP IHM . GALILEO PILOT PROJECT:

TESTING GALILEO IN ANTARCTICA +60ºS

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F101 “Alvaro de Bazán” Standing NATO Maritime Group 1

F82 “Victoria” OP ATALANTA

BIO “Hespérides” XXl Antarctic Campaign

DAILY JOBS

2015 0421 ICEBERG TSUNAMI GOES WILD.mp4

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SPAIN decided 1stSEM15 to launch and lead a Galileo Pilot Project to test as users GALILEO performances in remote areas such as

Antarctica +60ºS under the Spanish Polar Committee umbrella. Name for these trials: GALILEO-IHM.

Main actor: the Spanish Navy Hydrographic Office (IHM)IHM is an expert & professional user of present / future GNSSIHM is the official and only producer of Nautical Charts in Spain IHM is producer of Nautical Charts of Antarctic waters.

Trials:1st GALILEO-IHM-1 Pilot Project completed (DEC15-FEB16) 2nd GALILEO-IHM-2 Pilot Project completed (FEB17-MAR17)3rd GALILEO-IHM-3 Pilot Project completed (DEC17-FEB18)4rd GALILEO-IHM-3 Pilot Project on going (DEC18-FEB19)

SPAIN’s objectives w/ this Pilot Project in ANTARCTICA +60ºS

UNCLASSIFIED

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N 36º

S 62,5º

Oceanographic Research Vessel (BIO) 'Hespérides'

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1. Global importance of navigation in polar areas. 2. GALILEO designed for better performance at high latitude.3. Testing South of 60ºS is equivalent to tests North of 60ºN

Why GALILEO IN ANTARCTICA +60ºS IS IMPORTANT ?

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Spain tests full GNSS Navigation in transit to Antarctica 1. GALILEO OS & PRS performances throughout South Atlantic Ocean2. EGNOS coverage south of the Canary Islands & Western Africa façade.

Why GALILEO IN ANTARCTICA +60ºS is IMPORTANT ?

❖ As a unique opportunity for an early evaluation as users of Galileo OS &

PRS and EGNOS coverage

❖ In the Antarctic remote and demanding environment.

❖ With experienced & professional SP Navy (IHM) Hydrographic Survey Team.

❖ With time to provide EC-ESA-GSA a heads-up on any difficulty encountered.

Full spectrum of European GNSS services covered !

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Main tests planned and performed with:1. Galileo PRS receiver TUR-P2. Galileo PRS receiver SP GMV’s PRESENCE (prototype in

development)3. The new Galileo-capable smartphones BQ Aquaris X5+

Photo: Half Moon Island (Antarctica)Evacuating the Island during a storm

Portuguese Hydrographer Officer joined our team.

+ More Galileo OS observations

2nd Antarctic GALILEO-IHM-2 Cruise

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More than 100 observation files

recorded in different locations

for analysis

Photo: Amsler Island (Antarctica)Follow-on of Galileo OS tests with an increased constellation.

Longer positioning service availability.

Positioning test results surpassed our expectations!

Positioning analysis w/ only 4/5 sat in view

2DRMS (95%prob)=61cm

Galileo provides USERS very precise positioning

and navigation +60ºS

2nd Antarctic GALILEO-IHM-2 Cruise

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1. Spain tests EGNOS coverage, OS & PRS performance of Galileo and BQ Phones

2. We did trials: On ship, On boat, At land…3. On the Atlantic Ocean and at Antarctica’s

remote and hostile environment.4. We obtain (and documented with data)

some Galileo’s impressive performances

5. We are proud of the results we observe and check as users in “the real world”.

6. All the collected technical data will be available to EC, ESA and GSA in short time. (last campaign ended May25th, 2018)

7. ….. And We are proud of what Europe is achieving in the GNSS arena.

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The 4rd campaign is DONE with

1. More tests. 2. More and new equipment. 3. Growing complexity. 4. ESA collaboration. 5. Open to other EU MS.

Spain is open to incorporate new testing proposals in the 5th campaign

Antarctic GALILEO-IHM-4 Cruise

Spanish Polar Committee will continue its intense involvement in the real-world testing of Galileo Services.

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UNCLASSIFIED

SPAIN SST activities looking for:

1.- National effort and international cooperation on EU SST

2.- National developments and cooperation plans

3.- Cooperation on SSA/SST space and security guidelines

4.- Supporting MFF next plans to SSA/SST activities

5.- Roadmap to support national Ind. & Tech. SST capability

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IDEA FUERZA: ESPAÑA 4ª ECONOMIA DE LA ZONA EUROaplicable a INVERSION / APOYO en: ESPACIO, PESC, PESD, DEFENSA,

…..

INDUSTRIA

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FEB13 Sat Amazonas 333 Ku+19C+9Ka

1ºSATCOM Ka in LATAM

UNCLASSIFIED

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2017… More than 14 satellites

1992 HISPASAT 1A 1993 HISPASAT 1B

1989 HISPASAT S.A. was created…

2018 SEOT SAR PAZ

2019 → SEOT INGENIO…

2005 SATCOM XTAR-EUR 2006 SATCOM SPAINSAT

2001 HISDESAT S.A. was created

www.hispasat.com/

www.hisdesat.es/

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+85 Years of progress and transformation

2014 > € 50.377M 1T2015 > € 23.419M

21 Countries 121m Employees 341M Customers

www.telefonica.es/

UNCLASSIFIED

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2019 0221 GB DE SALAS. SISTEMAS ESPACIALES. COLEGIO ABOGADOS MADRIDwww.indracompany.com/

+20 Years45 Countries

36m Employees

UNCLASSIFIED

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• ELECNOR-DEIMOSdeveloped:

Mission Engineering

Mission Analysis

GuidanceControl

• SENER was responsible of:GNC primeship

AIT activities

• GMV has developed:

Navigation

Flight software

IXV is the first European (ESA) atmospheric re-entry vehicle. (Note: IXV was launched with VEGA from

Kourouon Feb 11th 2015, descending in the Pacific Ocean).

Spanish space industry has been deeply involved in the most critical subsystems of IXV

http://www.google.es/url?url=http://www.deimos-space.com/&rct=j&frm=1&q=&esrc=s&sa=U&ved=0ahUKEwiRn_q4xZXMAhWFPxQKHXB1D7YQwW4IFjAA&usg=AFQjCNHImYhfew0KA-9hpNQgczfeD6J8_A

http://www.google.es/url?url=http://www.protermosolar.com/sener-innovacion-100-espanola-en-energia-termosolar/&rct=j&frm=1&q=&esrc=s&sa=U&ved=0ahUKEwji7MDixZXMAhXCRhQKHfHdChIQwW4IFjAA&usg=AFQjCNFbirfxhj6CLiNPU1PIfrRatFLa9A

http://www.google.es/url?url=http://www.gmv.com/es/&rct=j&frm=1&q=&esrc=s&sa=U&ved=0ahUKEwj4ncSLx5XMAhXM7xQKHTL-DwcQwW4IFjAA&usg=AFQjCNFX0xuhPfP2DaiwFdgIVdbkr9h6ZA

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• ELECNOR-DEIMOS was responsible of:Interplanetary trajectory calculation

Interplanetary navigation

Strategy to orbit and land on the comet

• Thales Alenia Space Spain provided:AOCS Interface

Remote Terminal Unit (RTU)

Radiofrequency & electronic systems

• Airbus Defence and Space (CASA):Middle Gain Antenna

• Airbus Defence and Space (CRISA):Navigation Camera Electronic System

Other important systems by companies as SENER and ALTER

Rosetta first probe to orbit and land on a comet.Spanish space industry had a paramount contribution to this important EU success

http://www.google.es/url?url=http://www.deimos-space.com/&rct=j&frm=1&q=&esrc=s&sa=U&ved=0ahUKEwiRn_q4xZXMAhWFPxQKHXB1D7YQwW4IFjAA&usg=AFQjCNHImYhfew0KA-9hpNQgczfeD6J8_A

http://www.google.es/url?url=http://www.protermosolar.com/sener-innovacion-100-espanola-en-energia-termosolar/&rct=j&frm=1&q=&esrc=s&sa=U&ved=0ahUKEwji7MDixZXMAhXCRhQKHfHdChIQwW4IFjAA&usg=AFQjCNFbirfxhj6CLiNPU1PIfrRatFLa9A

http://www.google.es/url?url=http://www.altertechnology.com/&rct=j&frm=1&q=&esrc=s&sa=U&ved=0ahUKEwi0u5GIxpXMAhVFWxQKHUNUAQMQwW4IGDAB&usg=AFQjCNENEk-9P_3h-3KnFVlzwusnCg9ewQ

https://www.google.es/url?url=https://artes.esa.int/contractors/crisa-and-airbus-defence-and-space-company&rct=j&frm=1&q=&esrc=s&sa=U&ved=0ahUKEwjgp8bbxpXMAhVBoRQKHY2JDMQQwW4IGjAC&usg=AFQjCNFgiPQOurh3Mxf2OMVVTcrlZzP7oA

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http://www.thalesgroup.com/Espacio/

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SPAINSAT CURIOSITYGAIA1º ACTIVE MIL SATCOM ANTENNA IN EUROPE

1º ACTIVE SATCOM TX ANTENNA IN EUROPE

1º EUROPEAN ANTENNA IN MARTE

1º SATCOM (2004-Amazonas 1) w Reg On-Board Processing

World Leader S-Band TTC Transponders

1º EUROPEAN supplier COMM systems EO SAT

COMM & DATA SystemsS-Band TTC / NASAAmerHis- OBP

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UNCLASSIFIED

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UNCLASSIFIED

1. SP SPACE CAPABILITIES PRESENT / FUTURE … “STATE OF THE ART”

2. SP IS ALIGNED WITH EU SPACE PLANS & POLICIES3. SP HAS AN SPACE NATIONAL DEFENCE CAPABILITY MASTER PLAN4. SP HAS BI-MULTI NATIONAL COOPERATION PLANS & PROGRAMS5. SP PROMOTES EU/NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL & TECH SPACE CAPABILITY6. SP SUPPORTS EU SPACE CAPABILITY (i.e. LEADING GOVSATCOM… )

7. SP IS VERY ACTIVE ON THE EU SPACE WORKING GROUPS

SP MoD SPACE CAPABILITY BASES:

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2014 VIDEO TEDAE ESPACIO ENG.mp4

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SPANISH MoD SPACE PROGRAMS HAS “STATE OF THE ART” CAPABILITIES IN SPACE “ARENA”

SP MoD is READY and has the WILL TO COLLABORATE with our Allies in the “SPACE arena“ ON THE BASIS OF PRESENT

& FUTURE CAPABILITIES that we can CONTRIBUTEAnd we need to do NOW¡¡¡ because

“ The SPACE doesn’t move SLOWLY ! ”

“ ! El ESPACIO nunca va DESPACIO ¡ ”THANK YOU for your ATTENTION

Documents

Derecho espacial interastral sideral ESPACIO ULTRATERRESTREaedae-aeroespacial.org/.../2019/...Abogados-Madrid.pdfCOLEGIO ABOGADOS MADRID Derecho espacialnueva rama jurídica aunque