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LAPORAN HASIL PENELITIAN DISERTASI DOKTOR TAHUN ANGGARAN 2010 Judul : DESAIN INOVASI PEMERINTAHAN DAERAH Peneliti : Irwan Noor Dibiayai Oleh Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi, Kementerian Pendidikan Nasional sesuai dengan Surat Perjanjian Penugasan Dalam Rangka Pelaksanaan Penugasan Penelitian Disertasi Doktor Tahun Anggaran 2010 Nomor : 492/SP2H/PP/DP2M/VI/2010, tanggal 11 Juni 2010. Universitas Brawijaya Malang 2010 BIDANG ILMU ADMINISTRASI

Desain Inovasi Pemerintahan Daerah

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Page 1: Desain Inovasi Pemerintahan Daerah

LAPORAN HASIL PENELITIAN DISERTASI DOKTOR

TAHUN ANGGARAN 2010

Judul : DESAIN INOVASI PEMERINTAHAN DAERAH

Peneliti : Irwan Noor

Dibiayai Oleh Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi, Kementerian Pendidikan Nasional sesuai dengan Surat Perjanjian Penugasan Dalam Rangka Pelaksanaan Penugasan

Penelitian Disertasi Doktor Tahun Anggaran 2010 Nomor : 492/SP2H/PP/DP2M/VI/2010, tanggal 11 Juni 2010.

Universitas Brawijaya Malang 2010

BIDANG ILMU ADMINISTRASI

Page 2: Desain Inovasi Pemerintahan Daerah
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RINGKASAN

Kajian inovasi pada organisasi sektor publik menjadi arus utama tahun 1990. Artikel klasik Ellen Schall (1997) memberikan kontribusi yang cukup signifikan bagi perkembangan konsep inovasi. Sehubungan dengan hal tersebut, organisasi publik, khususnya beberapa pemerintahan lokal di Canada, Selandia Baru memberikan gambaran keberhasilan dalam penerapan inovasi bagi pertumbuhan pemerintahan lokal di negara tersebut. Di Indonesia, keberhasilan provinsi Gorontalo, Kabupaten Sragen atau Kabupaten Jembrana memberikan gambaran keunggulan daerah setelah mampu berinovasi. Namun tidak semua pemerintahan daerah di Indonesia. 33 pemerintah provinsi. 497 kabupaten/kota belum semuanya menjadi daerah yang inovatif. Padahal Peraturan Pemerintah No 41 tahun 2007 atau Peraturan pemerintah No 38 tahun 2007 memberikan acuan yang cukup signifikan bagi pemicu daerah menjadi inovatif. Studi ini mengasumsikan bahwa desain inovasi pemerintahan daerah tidak akan menjadi pengungkit inovasi. Desain pemerintahan daerah yang inovatif hanya menggambarkan perbaikan kinerja organisasi dengan mengubah struktur organisasi, tanpa perubahan dalam arah menuju inovatif. Kegagalan konsep ini membawa ide untuk mengubah asumsi, yaitu dengan mengubah desain pemerintahan daerah yang inovatif ke desain inovasi Pemerintah Daerah. Jadi, bagaimana merancang inovasi, bukan bagaimana merancang tata pemerintahan daerah yang inovatif. Untuk memahami kebenaran asumsi yang dibangun di atas, dilakukan penelitian di Kabupaten Jembrana, dengan menghadapkan tiga pertanyaan (1) Bagaimana gambaran actual inovasi pemerintahan daerah? (2) Faktor-faktor apa yang dominan dalam pengembangan inovasi pemerintahan daerah? dan (3) Bagaimana mendesain inovasi pemerintahan daerah? Capaian terhadap tiga pertanyaan ini adalah (1) Untuk menggambarkan inovasi pemerintahan daerah dengan berbagai elemen pendukungnya, (2) Untuk menggambarkan faktor dominan yang membentuk inovasi pemerintahan daerah. Berkenaan dengan hal ini akan dilihat derajat kekuatan masing-masing faktor terhadap inovasi, dan (3) Dengan menggunakan analisis berfikir sistemik akan dibuat konstruksi desain inovasi pemerintahan daerah. Dengan desain ini akan diperoleh penjelasan inovasi pemerintahan daerah. Perwujudan akan capaian pertanyaan yang diajukan di atas dikemas dalam sebuah hipotesis teoritis, yaitu Kepemimpinan, Iklim Organisasi dan Lingkungan Politik secara bersamasama berpengaruh dalam mendesain inovasi pemerintahan daerah. Guna falsifikasi terhadap hipotesis ini dilakukan penelitian dengan mempergunakan perspektif new-instituationalism serta berpedoman pada pendekatan kuantitatif serta bermetode data skunder (secondary research) serta di analisis dengan program Analisa Sistem Dinamik Stella v. 9.1.3. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa ketiga faktor secara simultan memberi pengaruh terhadap inovasi pemerintahan daerah. Analisis dengan mempergunakan Stella juga menunjukkan ketiga faktor secara partial memberikan pengaruh positip, dalam pengertian ketiga faktor secara bersamaan memberikan nilai bagi inovasi. Sebaliknya, pengabaian salah satu faktor akan menurunkan aksesbilitas di dalam pencapaian inovasi daerah. Khusus faktor politik menunjuk pada degree of nuisance yang sangat tinggi. Pengabaian faktor lingkungan politik menjadikan resistensi bagi pengembangan inovasi. Penelitian ini juga menghasilkan sebuah capaian teoritikal, yaitu pemberian rekomendasi, bahwa untuk mendesain inovasi pemerintahan daerah perlu mempergunakan sebuah model, yaitu LPC (Leadershp-Political-Climate) Model.

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SUMMARY

The study of innovation in public sector organizations is the mainstream in 1990. Ellen Schall classic article (1997) contributed significantly to the development of innovative concepts. In this regard, public organizations, especially in some local governments in Canada, New Zealand provides a success in the implementation of innovations for the growth of local government in that country. In Indonesia, the success of the province of Gorontalo, Jembrana regency of Sragen Regency give advantage to regions after innovating . But not all local governments in Indonesia. 33 provincial governments. 497 districts /cities have not all become an innovative region. Whereas the Government Regulation No. 41 of 2007 or the Government Regulation No. 38 of 2007 provides a significant reference for the trigger to be innovative. This study assumes that the design of innovative local governance will not be a lever of innovation. Design of innovative local governance only describe organizational performance improvement by changing the organizational structure, without a change in the direction towards innovative. The failure of these conceptions will bring an idea to change the assumption, that is by changing the design of innovative local governance into Local Government Innovation Design. So, how to design innovation, not how to design innovative local governance. To understand the truth of the assumptions built on, conducted research in Jembrana regency, confronted with three questions (1) How does the actual picture of local government innovation? (2) What factors are dominant in the development of local government innovation? and (3) How to design a local government innovation? The purpose of these three questions are (1) To describe the local government innovation with its supporting elements, (2) To describe the dominant factors that shape Local Government Innovation Design. With regard to this will be seen the degree of strength of each factor to innovation, and (3) By using analysis of systemic thinking, construction design will be created local government innovation. With this design will be obtained explanations local government innovation. Embodiment will be achievement of questions asked above are packed in a theoretical hypothesis, namely Leadership, Organizational Climate and Politics Environmental jointly influential in local government innovation design. In order to falsification of this hypothesis, using research-instituationalism new perspective and based on quantitative approaches and secondary research and analyzed by the program Stella Dynamic System Analysis 9.1.3. The analysis shows that all three factors simultaneously giving effect to local government innovation. Analysis using three factors also showed partially positive impact, in terms of three factors simultaneously providing value to innovation. Conversely, the neglect of one will reduce the accessibility factor in the achievement of regional innovation. Special political factors point to the degree of nuisance which is very high. Abandonment factor makes the political environment for the development of innovation resistance. This research also produced a theoretical achievement, which is providing recommendations for local government innovation design needs to use a model, the LPC (Leadership, Political, and Environment) model.

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