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Covering outdoor wireless products involved in delivering outdoor broadband wireless services for Service Providers Municipalities Transportation and other end user customers. The Cisco Outdoor Wireless Bridging and MESH Technologies will be discussed in detail.
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© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBREKWN-2027
BRKEWN-2027
Design and Deployment
of Outdoor Mesh
Wireless Networks
Navdeep Johar
Technical Marketing-Wireless Networking Business Unit
July 12, 2011
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 2
Outdoor Wireless Opportunity
Cisco Outdoor Wireless Architecture
Cisco Outdoor Wireless Portfolio
Applications & Deployment Examples
Q & A
Agenda
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 3
Associated Sessions
BRKEWN-2011 Managing an Enterprise WLAN with Wireless Control System (WCS)
BRKEWN-3013 Wireless LAN Radio Spectrum Management Best Practices
Prerequisites
BRKEWN-2010 Design and Deployment of Enterprise WLANs
BRKEWM-3016 Understanding RF Fundamentals and the Radio Design of Wireless Networks
Associated Sessions and Recommended Readings
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBREKWN-2027
Wireless Connectivity
Outdoors
4
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 5
What is outdoor
wireless?
End user devices Broadband Tech
WiFi, HSPA, HiperLan
MaNet, LTE…
Mobility
What is Outdoor Wireless all about?
Applications
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 6
Macro
Consumer
Business Community
Future networks supporting the mobile Internet will need to seamlessly integrate a lot more smaller cells
1000
100
10
1
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Gro
wth
Spectrum
AverageMacro CellEfficiency
MacroCapacity
26x Growth
Small Cells Increase Existing CapacityHierarchical Networks are the best solutions
Spectrum Allocation is not increasing significantly
Small Cells are the only answers to exponential
growth in Data Traffic
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 7
Service Provider Wi-Fi Levels of Adoption
Reduce
Churn
Local Low
Cost WiFi
Vendors
WebAuth
Side Business
3G-like
Experience
(EAP-SIM)
ARPU
Wi-Fi
Value
to the SP
3G Offload
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 8
Why WiFiOutdoors?
Cisco WiFi and WiFi Mesh is ready for Outdoors
Cost effective
No licenses
Large ecosystem of suppliers
Availability of client devices
Zero on-going
communication costs
Standard
CPE and client devices
interoperability
Attention from the industry
(ex. Security)
Multipurpose network
Bandwidth Efficient
Large unlicensed spectrum
(> 300 MHz)
Can deliver throughput where
you want it
Scalability & Ease of use
Just keep on adding nodes
Low impact for new sites
Outdoor extension of the
indoor Wireless LAN
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBREKWN-2027
Cisco Outdoor Wireless
Architecture
9
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 10
Internet
Point To Point
L3/L2 switch
L2 switch5GHz/2.4 GHz
Bridging: basic LAN to LAN wireless connectivity
Point To Multipoint
L2 switch
Cisco Outdoor WirelessBridging
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 11
Controller
L3/L2 switch
Mesh Deployment Flexibility:
LAN-to-LAN connectivity
Multiple hop backhaul
2.4 GHz and 5GHz wireless client access
Ethernet Access to wired clients
LAN-to-LAN in motion with Work Group Bridge (WGB)
2.4 GHz Access
5 GHz Access
MAP(Mesh AP)
RAP(Root AP)
Backhaul 5/2.4 GHz
MAP
Backhaul 5GHz
Cisco Outdoor WirelessFrom Bridging to Mesh
WGB
5 GHz Access
Wired access
L2 switch
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 12
Wireless LAN
Controller(WLC)
Network Control System (NCS) or Wireless
Control System (WCS)
Mobility Services
Engine (MSE)
CAPWAP
Cisco Unified Wireless NetworkArchitecture Overview
802.11n and 802.11a/g
Highly scalable
Real-time RF visibility and control
Monitor and migrate standalone access points
Easily configure
– WLAN controllers using SNMP
– Access points using CAPWAP
Built-in support for Mobility Services
– Context–Aware Services (Location)
– Adaptive Wireless Intrusion Prevention System (wIPS)
Wired and wireless guest access
Client Devices
and Wi-Fi Tags
802.11n
Standalone/LightweightAccess Points
Outdoor Mesh
WCS Navigator
WIDS Essentials/aWIPS
Context Aware
Clean Air / Spectrum
Intelligence
Planning Tools
Bridging
Centralized WLAN
architecture
Advanced mobility
services such as
seamless, L3 roaming for
metro-scale deployments
Simplified policy
implementation and
reduced maintenance
Seamless Roaming
between Indoors &
Outdoors
Full Interoperability
among all Mesh platforms
Highly Scalable Network
Multilevel Security
Protects network from
malicious activity and
unauthorized access
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 13
Wireless Controller Product Portfolio
Perf
orm
ance &
Featu
res
# of Clients Supported (Scale) 500 1k 1.5k 2k 2.5k 3k 3.5k 4k 4.5k 5k 5.5k 6k 6.5k 7k 7.5k 8k 8.5k 9k 9.5k 10k
Wireless Services
Module 2
APs: Up to 500
Clients: Up to 10,000
I/O: Cat6K Backplane
Cisco 5500 Series
Wireless Controller
APs: Up to 500
Clients: Up to 7,000
I/O: Up to 8–1Gig. SFP
APs: Up to 50
Clients: Up to 500
I/O: Up to 4Gig (2PoE).
APs: Up to 50
Clients: Up to 500
I/O: ISR G2 Backplane
Cisco 2500 Series
Wireless Controller
Wireless LAN Controller
on Services Ready
Engine
Mobility Domain Size:
36000 APs
RAPs/MAPs counted as one AP
Mesh not supported on Flex 7500
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 14
Deployment Flexibility
Different types of traffic
Self-configuring, self-healing Mesh
Zero-touch configuration
Cisco’s Adaptive Wireless Path (AWPP)Protocol for fault-tolerant Mesh deployments
Scalability at different Layers
Network grows based on needed coverage
Provides seamless user mobility
Robust embedded Security
Integrated Wireless Management
NCS: Converged Access Management for wired and wireless Networks
WCS: one console for operational visibility, control, troubleshooting, and reporting
Deployment time reduced by 50%
Operational management reduced by 60%
Controller
Cisco Wireless MeshIntelligent Wireless Solution
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 15
WLAN
Controller
CAPWAP in
mesh header
Ethernet in
mesh header
Wireless client traffic
Wired client traffic
RAP
MAP
Cisco Wireless MeshDeployment Flexibility
MAPs dynamically
build a tree with
the best path to
the RAP
Intranet
Mesh carries two types of traffic:
CAPWAP traffic
Mesh header
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 16
Controller
Cisco Wireless MeshSelf-configuring, Self-healing Mesh
MAP
Parent
Neighbor Optimal parent selection selects the path “ease” across each available backhaul
Ease based on number of hops and link SNR (Signal Noise Ratio)
AWPP uses a “Parent Stickiness” value to mitigate Route Flaps
AWPP integrates 802.11h DFS(Dynamic Frequency Selection) for radar detection and avoidance
Adaptive Wireless Path Protocol (AWPP)
establishes the best path to the Root
RAP
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 17
Management
NCS manages up to 15000 APs & 1250 WLCs
WCS manages up to 3000 APs & 750 WLCs
Cisco Wireless MeshScalability at different layers
Controller
Up to 72 Controllers can be part of an N+1 or N+N+1 cluster
Dynamic RF optimization on access link for additional radios
Access Point
32 MAPs per RAP (recommended)
8 Hops (4 recommended)
16 MBSSIDs per AP (512 at WLC)
More RAPs for sector capacity
Intranet
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 18
WiSM
VLAN =2
AP-10
AP-22
MAC SSID AP WLAN WLC VLAN IP
AA-AA OpenWiFi 10 2 A 2 10.10.10.2
AP-47
Tunnel EoIPB to A
WLC-A
WLC-B
2247 B-A
Cisco Wireless MeshSeamless user mobility Intra-controller RoamingInter-controller L3 Roaming
AA-AA
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 20
Cisco 1500 Series Wireless Broadband Platform
Modular Radio DesignMultiple radios
Multiple Uplinks
MRCMaximal Ratio Combining
access radio improves receiver sensitivity for
clients by up to 4.7 dB
Fiber SFP OptionConnection to available municipal fiber provides
greater network throughput
Integrated DOCSIS 3.0 Cable
Modem Option
Power over Ethernet Port
Provides powers and Ethernet connectivity for 802.3af
cameras, sensors, and other compliant devices
Rugged, Industrial Enclosure -40 C to + 55 C with Solar Loading
IP67, NEMA - 4X
Paintable Enclosure Can be painted to match surrounding structures
Internal Battery Backup Option
Run time up to 3 Hrs
Flexibility to turn off
FIPS-ready140-2 Certifiable
Models:
1552(802.11N)
1522
1524PS
1524SB
Hazardous Location-ready
LEDs
Cable
AC InputFiberPoE InPoE Out
Aux/Console
DC Input
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 21
Cisco Aironet 1500 Series Mesh Outdoor Access Points
5.82.4 4.9 5.0
2.4 5.0
Cable Modem
AP1552Cable/Ethernet (802.11n)
AP1524 PS (Public Safety) AP1524SB (Serial Backhaul)
2.4 4.9 to 5.8
AP1522 Cable/Fiber
Client AccessBackhaul &
Client Access
Client Access
Backhaul
Client Access
Backhaul & Client Access
Backhaul & Client Access
Client Access Backhaul & Client Access
Docsis 2.0 Docsis /Euro-Docsis3.0
AP1552E/H (802.11n)
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 22
1550 Series Development Highlights 1552: Dual-Band (2.4 & 5 GHz), 4 Models
5 GHz includes only Upper ISM Bands (5.725 – 5.850 GHz)
40 MHz BW channel support, Data rates < = 300 Mbps
DOCSIS 3.0 (8x4)/ (304 x108) Mbps or EuroDOCSIS 3.0 (4x4) / (152 x 108) Mbps Cable Modem
MIMO (2X3), 2 SS (Spatial Streams)
Dual band, omni-directional antennas
• 3 Stick antennas, 4 dBi (2.4 GHz), 7 dBi (5 GHz)
• 3 element array, Low Profile, Single Radom, 2 dBi(2.4 GHz), 4 dBi (5 GHz)
CleanAir 2.4 GHz Spectrum Intelligence
ClientLink Legacy Beam Forming
Universal Access for 5GHz clients
DFS capability to detect 0.5us pulses
1552I/C
1552E/H
Strand slope adjustment
13
.5 c
m
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 23
Cisco Aironet 802.11n 1550 Series
1552 ILightweight, Low power &
energy efficient
Uplinks – Ethernet
No Battery Backup
AC Powered (100 -277VAC)
No PoE out
No SFP
Built-in Dual Band
Antenna
1552 EExternal Antennas
Uplinks – Fiber/Ethernet
Battery Backup (6AH)
AC Powered (100 – 480 VAC)
No Cable Modem
PoEout port (802.3af)
Power Injector option
Dual Band Stick Antennas
1552 C Integrated DOCSIS 3.0
(8x4) /EURODOCSIS (4x4)
CM
Uplinks – Cable
No Battery Backup
Power over Cable (40 -90VAC)
No PoE out
No SFP
Built-in Dual Band Antenna
1552 HClass 1, Div 2/Zone 2
hazardous location certified
External Antennas
Uplinks – Fiber/Ethernet
Battery Backup (6AH)
AC Powered (100-240VAC)
Power Injector option
No Cable Modem
PoEout port (802.3af)
Console Port
Fiber Port PoEin PortPoEout Port
AC Power Connector
All models can be
powered using 12 VDC
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 24
Cisco 1552H Hazardous Locations Certification
Class 1, Division 2/Zone 2 is for Occasional Environments like oil sand open pit mining.
Class 1, Division 1/Zone 1 is for Environments with full time ignitable concentrations of flammable gases, vapors or liquids
CSA Hazardous Location certification for US and Canada: Class I, Division 2 (AIR-LAP1552-HZ-A/N-K9). Power Entry Module, Groups A,B,C,D with T5 (120 deg C) temp code
ATEX certification for worldwide deployment: Class I, Zone 2 (AIR-LAP1552-HZ-E-K9). Power Entry Module, Groups IIC, IIB, IIA with T5 (120 deg C) temp code
For Class I, Zone 1/Division 1 requirements: use TerraWave explosive proof enclosures
Certified with Antennas
Div 1 > Div 2 (North America) ; Zone 1 > Zone 2 (Europe)
Terminal Block
Conduit Piping
Haz Loc Module
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 26
Pole/Wall/ Strand Mount Standard pole mount bracket can also be wall mounted
Strand Mount
AP1552C
Pole/Wall Mount
AP1552 E/H (same as AP1522)
AIR-ACCPMK1550=
AIR-ACCSMK1550 $0
AIR-ACCSMK1550= (Spare Kit)
Band-it system
Pole Clamp
M8 stud and threaded holes
AIR-BAND-INST-TL=
2 Steel Straps
Pole Diameter Range
supported from 2” to 16 “
Pole/Wall Mount
AP1552I
AIR-ACCPMK1550=
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 27
Carp
ete
d R
uggediz
ed
11abg 11n + CleanAir11n
1132
12421262
3500e
3500i1140
Cisco Aironet Indoor Mesh Access Points
1252
1040
No Extra License for Mesh
APs orderable directly in Mesh Mode
Comprehensive suite of
WiFi certified products
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 28
Hardware Platforms - Bridging
AP1500 series
Mesh AP
AP 1242 (with 3rd
party enclosure)
AP 1252/1262/3500e
(with 3rd party
enclosure)
AP1310
2.4GHz bridge and APExalt r5005
5 GHz P2P
AP1410
5.8 GHz bridge and AP
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 29
Hardware-based 128-bit AES
Ethernet rate limiting
Layer 2 switch, 3 ports (1 PoE)
Configurable, constant Ethernet latency: 0.5-5ms
High density collocation: ExaltSync™
Built-in Spectrum Analyzer
Throughput symmetry control
up to 80:20
Captive 23 dBiantenna
High throughput: 162 Mbps (40 MHz channel)
Cisco Solution Plus
ExtendAir r5005
Exalt r5005: key features
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 30
100 Mbps Interference Test
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 10 13 14 15 17 20 22 23 30
Interference (dB)
Layer
2 M
easure
d
Thro
ug
hp
ut
(Mb
ps)
ExtendAir
802.11n*
ExtendAir
Competitor
Very Reliable P2P technology
Exalt r5005: key differentiation
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 31
Cisco 1310/1410 and ExtendAir r5005At-a-Glance Feature Comparison
ExtendAir r5005 1410 1310
Frequency 5 GHz 5 GHz 2.4 GHz
Technology Single carrier microwave not Wi-Fi®
802.11a 802.11g
Throughput (L2) 162 Mbps ~28 Mbps ~28 Mbps
Channel BW 8 [10]*, 16 [20], 32 [40] 20 MHz 20 MHz
Ethernet Ports 1xFE (PoE) + 2xFE 1xFE (PoE) 1xFE (PoE)
VLAN / QoS Yes / Yes Yes / Yes Yes / Yes
Rate Limiting Yes N/A N/A
Symmetry Control Yes No No
128-bit AES Yes No Yes
Spectrum Analyzer Yes No No
LOS requirement LOS only LOS / NLOS possible but not recommended
LOS / NLOS possible but not recommended
Applications PTP only PTP or PTMP PTP or PTMP
List Price per End $5,195 $4,999 $1,299
* [ ] indicates ETSI/ITU channel bandwidth
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 34
Typical Backhaul Throughput and Latency
HOPS RAP One Two Three Four
MAX Throughput (20MHz BH)
112 Mbps 83 Mbps 41 Mbps 25 Mbps* 15 Mbps*
MAX Throughput (40MHz BH)
206 Mbps 111 Mbps 94 Mbps 49 Mbps 35 Mbps*
Avg 2-3 msec
latency per hops
Latency
< 10 ms per Hop, 0.3-1 milliseconds typical
Hops
Outdoor: code supports 8 Hops; 3–4 Hops are recommended
Nodes
20 MAPs per RAP are recommended
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 35
Software Features
3
5
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 36
Aspects of 802.11n
Beam Forming Spatial MultiplexingMaximal Ratio Combining
MIMO (Multiple Input, Multiple Output)
MIMO 40MHz ChannelsPacket
Aggregation
Backward
Compatibility
Performed by
Transmitter
(Talk Better)
Ensures Signal
Received in
Phase
Increases
Receive
Sensitivity
Works with
non-MIMO
Clients
Without Beam FormingTransmissions Arrive out of
Phase and signal is weaker
With Beam FormingTransmissions Arrive in Phase,
Increasing Signal Strength
Beam Forming gives a gain of 4 dB in DL only for Legacy Data Rates
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 37
ClientLink (Beam Forming) Essential Facts
Beam Forming is effective in downstream only
Measureable advantages:
Increased SNR at cell edges
Increased downstream data rates at cell edges
Increased downstream throughput at cell edges
Beam Forming is based on AP3500 based product
Beam Forming only applicable to legacy rates of 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 and 54 Mbps
Provides
Provides
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 39
Aspects of 802.11n
Beam Forming Spatial MultiplexingMaximal Ratio Combining
MIMO (Multiple Input, Multiple Output)
40MHz ChannelsPacket
Aggregation
Backward
Compatibility
Performed by
Receiver
(Hear Better)
Combines
Multiple Received
Signals
Increases
Receive
Sensitivity
Works with
non-MIMO and
MIMO Clients
Performance
Multiple Signals Sent;
One Signal Chosen
Without MRC
Multiple Signals Sent and Combined
at the Receiver Increasing Fidelity
With MRC
MIMO AP
MRC gives a gain of 4.7 dB in UL for all Data Rates
MRC Gain is added in Rx Sensitivity number
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 40
MRC available for 802.11a/g/n
3 Antennas Rx Signals
Combined Effect (Adding all Rx Paths)
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 43
Each Link uses Best Possible Rate as per its link quality
Software featuresDynamic backhaul data rate
For Your Reference (Software Rel. 6.0 onwards)
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 44
Software featuresBackhaul client access
Warning Messages
UA/EUA can be configured from
WCS
Extended Client Access can be
unchecked independently from GUI
(Cisco Controller)> config mesh client-access enable
(Cisco Controller)> config mesh client-access enable
extended
For Your Reference (Software Rel. 7.0 onwards)
AP with two 5 GHz Radios
AP1524SB
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 45
Feature helps end user to regulate/restrict set of channels that get assigned to Linear chain automatically. The set is chosen from the DCA list
Best suited for avoiding known source of interferences or for outdoor mesh interoperability with indoor mesh or work group bridges (WGBs).
Software featuresBackhaul channel deselect
Radar affecting ch 136, 140
100
104
108
112
116
132
136
140
DCA
listCh 100
MAPRAP
These channels will NOT be assigned
Ch 108
For Your Reference (Software Rel. 7.0 onwards)
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 46
Software featuresBackhaul channel deselect
For Your Reference (Software Rel. 7.0 onwards)
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 47
Choose the list of channels that
the mesh network will use
(Controller) >show advanced 802.11a channel
Software featuresBackhaul channel deselect
For Your Reference (Software Rel. 7.0 onwards)
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 48
Warning Message
Software featuresBackhaul channel deselect
For Your Reference (Software Rel. 7.0 onwards)
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 49
Station 1 Station 2
LRF (Link Role Flexibility)
WGB on 5 GHz
AP on 2.4 GHz
Universal
access
1 Hop 2 Hop 3 Hop 1 HopRAP 2 HopRAP
RAP 1 Hop RAP3 Hop2 Hop 1 Hop 2 Hop
Better Frequency Planning can be done on two adjacent
linear spurs to reduce co-channel interference
Software featuresBackhaul channel deselect: when useful?
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 50
AP1524 SB
Work Group Bridge (WGB)
RAP
CH 153
RAP 1
CH 161
RAP 2
CH 149
RAP
CH 161
CH 153
CH 161
CH 149
CH 161
CH 149
CH 157
802.11 Hotspots
Cisco Router in Vehicle
Cellular
Both 5Ghz radios are
equipped with a Directional
antenna to optimize the
coverage of the rail
Software featuresMobile Access for Vehicles
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 51
Preferred Parent (P.P) can be configured on an AP
P. P will be selected for the following conditions:
P.P parent is the best parent
P.P link SNR is at least 20dB (In this case, other parents, however good, are ignored)
P.P has link SNR between 12 and 20 dB, but no other parent is significantly better (SNR more than 20% better). For lower than 12dB SNR, P.P configuration is ignored
P.P is not blacklisted
P.P is not in silent mode due to DFS.
P.P is in the same Bridge Group Name (BGN). If no other parent available in the same BGN, the child will join the P.Pusing the default BGN
Software featuresPreferred Parent Selection
For Your Reference (Software Rel. 7.0.116 onwards)
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 52
(Cisco Controller 1) >config mesh parent preferred <AP Name> <MAC addr>
(Cisco Controller 1) >config mesh parent preferred MAP1SB ?
<MAC addr> radio mac of the preferred parent
none clear configured parent
(Cisco Controller 1) >config mesh parent preferred MAP1SB 00:24:13:0f:92:00
(Cisco Controller 1) >show ap config general <AP Name>
(Cisco Controller 1) >show ap config general MAP1SB
Cisco AP Identifier.............................. 40
Cisco AP Name.................................... MAP1SB
Country code..................................... US - United States
Regulatory Domain allowed by Country............. 802.11bg:-A 802.11a:-
A, ou
tdoor mesh -AB
AP Country code.................................. US - United States
AP Regulatory Domain............................. 802.11bg:-A 802.11a:-A
Switch Port Number .............................. 1
MAC Address...................................... 00:24:50:34:21:00
IP Address Configuration......................... DHCP
IP Address....................................... 10.51.1.175
IP NetMask....................................... 255.255.255.0
Ethernet Port Duplex............................. Auto
Ethernet Port Speed.............................. Auto
AP Link Latency.................................. Disabled
Rogue Detection.................................. Enabled
AP TCP MSS Adjust................................ Disabled
Mesh preferred parent............................ 00:24:13:0f:92:00
Child Parent
Software featuresPreferred Parent Selection
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 53
CleanAir
5
3
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 54
MitigateWireless LAN Controller
What is CleanAir Technology?
Cisco CleanAir
Classification processed on Access Point
Interference impact and data sent to WLC for real-time action
WCS and MSE store data for location, history, and troubleshooting
LocateWCS, MSE
Visualize and Troubleshoot
• Classification processed on Access Point
• Interference impact and data sent to WLC for real-time action
• WCS and MSE store data for location, history, and troubleshooting
AIR QUALITY PERFORMANCE
Maintain Air Quality
GOODPOOR
CH 1
CH 11
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 55
Network Visibility Context Aware Services enable WCS to show Interferer’s location
Map – Air Quality View
Zone of ImpactInterferer Details
Mesh APs
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 56
Self Healing and Optimization
Persistent Device
AvoidanceSelf Learning to increase reliability
EventDriven
RRM CH 1 CH 11 CH 1
Self Healing to avoid Wi-Fi degradation
CH 1
Interference AwareRRM
Maximizes performance by avoiding interference
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 57
Clean Air for Mesh Clean Air on 2.4 GHz for AP1552 & AP3500 in Bridge (Mesh)
mode
Interferers detected by Clean Air on 2.4 GHz include
AP1552 offers Clean Air in Bridge (Mesh) Mode -there is no other mode available
No Clean Air on 5 GHz (Backhaul)
No Monitor Mode
No Spectrum Connect Mode (SE-ConnectAP)
For Your Reference (Software Rel. 7.0.116.0 onwards)
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 59
CleanAir Recommendations for Outdoors
AP Density recommendation for CleanAir remains the same as normal Mesh AP Deployment (800/1000 feet cell radius)
APs should be RF neighbors for any possibility of Merging (spatial proximity)
Location Resolution in the Outdoors is to the nearest AP
Devices generally are located near the AP which is physically closest to the device
Outdoor Custom Calibration possible from 7.0.116.0 onwards
Location error may double without custom calibration model
Installation with a low density of sensors has the possibility of having duplicate entries of interferes
Mixing CleanAir (AP1552) and Legacy AP’s (AP152X) operating in Local Mode (serving clients) is Not supported –nor is recommended
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 60
PMAC Merge in Outdoors
Cluster Center - is the closest AP to the device
After PMAC signature merging – one can identify which APa can hear the device
PMAC Convergence and Merging depends upon
Density of the Sensors
Quality of the observed classification
RSSI from the interferer to the APs
RF neighbor list at the APs
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 61
CleanAir WLC enable(WCS identical under Configure=>Controllers)
CleanAir is enabled
by Default on the AP
Interface
it is disabled Globally
by default on the
controller.
Wireless=>802.11a/b=>CleanAir
WLC CLI
(Cisco Controller) >config 802.11a/b cleanair enable
EDRRM & PDA off
by Default
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 62
MSE – Context AwareWCS=>Services=>MSE=>Context Aware Service=>Administration=>tracking parameters
Disabled by
Default
1 interferer = 1 CAS license
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 63
MSE – Context Aware - History
WCS=>Services=>MSE=>Context Aware Service=>Administration=>History Parameters
Disabled by
Default
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 64
CleanAir Licensing
A CleanAir AP is the license no special controller license required – will work with WCS Base
Adding an MSE – requires WCS Plus for location
CAS (Context Aware) license required for Interference location
100 Permanent Interferers licenses are embedded in MSE. Interferer Licenses open up as Clean Air APs are detected, in stages of 5 per CleanAir AP
Interference and Client location functionally identical – and use the same license count
If license is 1000, and interferers are 500, then 500 clients can be displayed
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 65
Design & Planning
6
5
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 66
RF Nature: Not an Exact Science, Especially in Unlicensed Spectrum
Mesh: AP-to-AP Backhaul Distance Capability should be 2x AP-to-Client
WiFi Network Planning Involves:
Site Survey to Identify: AP Location & Height, Line-of-Sight (LoS)/Partial LoS, Interference, Access to wired backhaul (i.e. Max # Hops), …
Client type (Smart Phones, Tablets, Laptops, …)Weakest Link typically would be the Uplink on a Smart Phone
User Experience: Minimum Throughput to User, Type of Applications (Internet, Video, Gaming, ….)
CAPEX & OPEX available for project; Match to type of Service, Robustness of Coverage, …
Regulatory Considerations; different countries allow different Tx power at different Frequency Bands.
Type of AP Used: AP1552E&H (External Ant.), AP1552C&I (Integrated Ant.)
AP1552E, AP1552H : Antenna Gain 2.4 GHz (4 dBi), 5 GHz (7 dBi)
AP1552C, AP1552I: Antenna Gain 2.4 GHz (2 dBi), 5 GHz (4 dBi)
Design & PlanningGeneral Considerations
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 67
23 dBm
(200mW)
UNII-3, 30 dBm
Europe
5.15 5.35 5.470 5.7255.825
5.25
UNII-117 dBm
UNII-227 dBm
US
(FCC)
4 Channels 4 Channels
5 Channels
UNII-2
Extended
30 dBm23 dBm
(200 mW)
4.94 4.99
33 dBm
DFS + TPC required (**)
(**) Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) – Transmit Power Control (TPC)
5.8502 Channels
Radiated Power
EIRP inc antenna
Radiated Power
EIRP inc Antenna
6 channels (*)
27 dBm
ISM 30 dBm
11 Channels
Current Standards and Directives:The 5 GHz Bridging Spectrum
(*) 6 channel available today: 120, 124, 128 disabled to be compliant with DFS rules in Canada116 &132 disabled to be compliant with new FCC Enforcement to protect TDWR
Indoor only
Indoor only
Indoor /Outdoor
For YourReference
Indoor only
Indoor / Outdoor
Indoor /OutdoorOutdoor
11 Channels 5 Channels
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 68
Current Standards and Directives:Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) requirements
Frequency (MHz)
1 5150 – 5250 (UNII-I)DFS Not Required
2 5250 – 5350 (UNII-II)
5470 – 5725(UNII-II extended)
3 5725 – 5850 (ISM)DFS Not Required
CH
36
40
44
48
52
56
60
64
100
104
108
112
116
120
124
128
132
136
140
149
153
157
161
165
DFS required by Regulations to allow
WLAN to share the 5GHz band with Radar
All Cisco products are compliant
Best Practices for Radars:
Do a Survey and contact the local
authorities to know if there are radars
nearby
Use “Full Sector Mode” that prevents
MAPs to be isolated after detecting a
radar
Correctly mount the APs (spacing
and antennas alignment)
Remove the radar affected channels
from the Controller channel list
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 69
2.4 GHz Antennas for AP1520 Series
Part Number Description
AIR-ANT2450V-N 2.4 GHz, 5 dBi Compact Omni-Directional
AIR-ANT2455V-N 2.4 GHz, 5.5 dBi Compact Omni-Directional
AIR-ANT2480V-N 2.4 GHz, 8 dBi Omni-Directional
Part Number Description
AIR-ANT5140V-N 5.25 to 5.85 GHz, 4 dBi Right Angle Omni-Directional
AIR-ANT5180V-N 4.9 to 5.85 GHz, 8 dBi Compact Omni-Directional
AIR-ANT58G10SSA-N 5.725 to 5.825 GHz, 9.5 dBi Sector
AIR-ANT5114P-N 4.9 to 5.85 GHz, 14 dBi Patch
AIR-ANT5117S-N 4.9 to 5.85 GHz, 17 dBi 90o Sector
4.9/5 GHz Antennas for AP1520 Series
Part Number Description
AIR-ANT2547V-N Dual Band 2.4 (4dBi)/5 GHz(7dBi),Omni-Directional
2.4 & 5 GHz Dual Band Antennas for AP1552E and AP1552H
Cisco Mesh Antennas
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 71
Design and planningNetwork Architecture (an example)
Service Provider
Network
POP
WLC LOS 5GHz link up to 8 km
Small village in Digital Divide
Business Area in Digital Divide
RAP
MAP
5GHz/2.4GHz
RAP
MAP
5GHz/2.4GHz
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 72
AP-to-Client Distance2.4 GHz (A Domain)
AP1522: 600 ft/180 m
AP1552C/I: 800 ft/250 m
AP1552E/H: 1000 ft/300 m
Recommendations AP to AP (Backhaul) = 2 X (AP to Client Distance)
AP to AP = 2x(AP-Client)
AP1522: 1200 ft/366 m
AP1552C/I: 1600 ft/500 m
AP1552E/H: 2000 ft/600 m
AP Density AP1522: 25 AP/sq-mile = 10 AP/sq-km
AP1552C & AP1552I: 14 AP/sq-mile = 5.3 AP/sq-km
AP1552E & AP1552H: 9 AP/sq-mile = 3.5 AP/sq-km
Assumptions: Height: APs are at 33 Ft (10 m); Client @ 3.3 ft (1 m)
Throughput: > 1 Mbps. Decreasing AP-AP Distance improves coverage
Near LoS. Flat Terrain Environment
Design & Planning (A Domain) Guidance
1 meter= 3.28 ft 1 sq-meter = 10.7 sq-ft
1 mile = 1.61 km 1 sq-mile = 2.6 sq-km
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 73
• AP-Client Coverage 2.4 GHz
• AP-Client Coverage 5 GHz
• AP-AP Backhaul Coverage 5 GHz
• AP-AP Distance ≥ 2x AP-Client Distance
AP-to-Client Cell Radius @ 2.4 GHzAP 1552C/I: R= 250 metersAP 1552E/H: R= 300 meters
RAPMAP
MAP
Design & PlanningGuidance- Greenfield Deployment in a Flat Environment
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/partner/products/ps11451/products_implementation_design_guides_list.html
Range Calculator
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 74
11a MCS Modulation Min SNR (dB)MRC Gain from 3 RXs
(dB)Fade Margin
(dB)Req.Link SNR
(dB)
6 Mb/s BPSK 1/2 5 4.7 9 9.3
9 Mb/s BPSK 3/4 6 4.7 9 10.3
12 Mb/s QPSK 1/2 7 4.7 9 11.3
18 Mb/s QPSK 3/4 9 4.7 9 13.3
24 Mb/s 16QAM 1/2 13 4.7 9 17.3
36 Mb/s 16QAM 3/4 17 4.7 9 21.3
48 Mb/s 64QAM2/3 20 4.7 9 24.3
54 Mb/s 64QAM 3/4 22 4.7 9 26.3
For YourReference
Design & PlanningSNR vs Bandwidth 11a/g(Table is also valid for 1522 2.4 GHz radio with 3 Rx )
(*) LinkSNR = Minimum SNR - MRC + Fade Margin (9 dB)
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 75
# of Spatial Streams 11n MCS Modulation
Min SNR(dB)
MRC Gain from 3 RXs (dB)
Fade Margin (dB)
Link SNR(dB)
1 MCS 0 BPSK 1/2 5 4.7 9 9.3
1 MCS 1 QPSK 1/2 7 4.7 9 11.3
1 MCS 2 QPSK 3/4 9 4.7 9 13.3
1 MCS 3 16QAM 1/2 13 4.7 9 17.3
1 MCS 4 16QAM 3/4 17 4.7 9 21.3
1 MCS 5 64QAM2/3 20 4.7 9 24.3
1 MCS 6 64QAM 3/4 22 4.7 9 26.3
1 MCS 7 64QAM 5/6 23 4.7 9 27.3
2 MCS 8 BPSK 1/2 5 1.7 9 12.3
2 MCS 9 QPSK 1/2 7 1.7 9 14.3
2 MCS 10 QPSK 3/4 9 1.7 9 16.3
2 MCS 11 16QAM 1/2 13 1.7 9 20.3
2 MCS 12 16QAM 3/4 17 1.7 9 24.3
2 MCS 13 64QAM2/3 20 1.7 9 27.3
2 MCS 14 64QAM 3/4 22 1.7 9 29.3
2 MCS 15 64QAM 5/6 23 1.7 9 30.3
For YourReference
Design & PlanningSNR vs Bandwidth 5 GHz 11n
(*) LinkSNR = Minimum SNR - MRC + Fade Margin (9 dB)
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 76
Sectorization
1 Hop to RAP
2 Hops to RAP
3 Hops to RAP
RAP
3 Hops
AP to AP distance as per the Range Recommendations
One Square Mile, 25 Cells (max)
MAP
MAP
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 77
Bridge Group Name (BGN)-Sectorization
Logically groups APs and controls the association of the radios
For adding capacity we recommend that you have more than one RAP in the same sector, with the same BGN, but on different channels
A factory default BGN is empty (NULL VALUE). BGN is a string of Eleven characters maximum
Mesh APs with incorrect BGN, can still join a running network using BGN as the word “Default”
AP using “default” BGN
Associate clients, and forms mesh relationships
After 15 minutes APs will go to SCAN state rather than Rebooting
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 80
Site Survey and deploymentGet creative, use different tools
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 82
• Proper spacing = better performance and coverage
• Minimum Vertical Separation of 3 meters (10m if on adjacent channels)
• Antennas vertical alignment is another important factor
• Consider RF interferences: use Spectrum Expert
Site Survey and deploymentCollocating APs
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 83
Street Light Power Tap supports 100 to 480 VAC
1- Outdoor Light Control
2- Streetlight Adapter
3-Copper Grounding wire
10 AWGor Larger Ground Wire
POWERINJECTOR
Site Survey and deploymentGrounding the AP
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 84
EquipmentInside
Site Survey and deploymentEnvironmental impact
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 85
Deployment Examples
8
5
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 86
Target Areas for Wi-Fi OffloadWhere People Go!
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 87
SEAMLESSSimplifies network
discovery and selection for
seamless cellular data offload
SECUREExtends existing
SIM-based authentication
techniques over encrypted Wi-Fi
RELIABLECarrier class
solution
PROFITABLEEnables location-based and value-added services
802.1x , EAP-SIM, EAP-AKAAuto SIM
credentials
Next Generation Hotspot
Seamless authentication & Wi-Fi roaming - Wireless
Broadband Alliance
Encrypted Wi-Fi Link
802.11i
Monetizing Coverage and Capacity with Next Generation Hotspot
1
Network Discovery
802.11u
2 3 4
Mobile “concierge” service
enablement
MSAP
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 88
Customer Experience TransformationMSAP- Mobility Service Advertisement Protocol
Reach customers at the moment of choice
A New Mobile Experience for Mobile Subscribers
Receive transient applications without
user intervention
Special offers today
Secure Wi-FiNetwork Discovery
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 89
High Density Deployments –Super Bowl XLVCowboys Stadium
942 indoor and outdoor AP’s
24 Wireless Controllers
WCS in continuous operation
+50,000 AT&T clients in the stadium
96.5% Successful Authentication
(Target 96%)
100% Service Availability
(Target 99.99%)
67GB Total Data Traffic from all
AT&T Wi-Fi users
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 90
Service Provider Wi-Fi – Convention CenterMobile World Congress 2011
Operate free Wi-Fi Hotspot network for attendees
CleanAir – Intelligent Reliability
ClientLink – High Density Coverage
Video Stream – Quality Video
Band Select – Optimized Throughput
Cisco Cloud Connect
Managing wireless cloud services
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 91
Service Providers Wi-Fi Deployments
Continuous coverage for NY metro area with more
than 25,000 APs (indoor and outdoor)
Internet access on commuter Rails & Ferries feeding
into NY city
Large convention coverage in
Madison Square Garden &
Radio City Music Hall
Increases customer stickiness
with differentiated Wi-Fi service
for reduced customer churn
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 92
Q&A
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKEWN-2027 939
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