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Deteksi Defisiensi Unsur Hara Makro pada Tanaman Kopi
berdasarkan Karakteristik Gejala Visual Daun menggunakan
MTCD dan JST
Tugas Akhir
Diajukan Untuk Memenuhi
Persyaratan Guna Meraih Gelar Sarjana Strata 1
Teknik Informatika Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
Ahmad Annas Al Hakim
(201310370311182)
Bidang Minat
Data Science
PROGRAM STUDI INFORMATIKA
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2020
iii
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN
iv
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
v
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN
vi
LEMBAR PERSEMBAHAN
Puji syukur kepada Allah SWT atas Rahmat dan Karunia-Nya sehingga
penulis dapat menyelesaikan tugas akhir ini. Penulis menyampaikan ucapan terima
kasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada :
1. Allah SWT yang selalu memberikan nikmat iman dan Islam, serta
telah memberikan kesehatan dan petunjuk dalam pengerjaan tugas
akhir ini;
2. Rasulullah Muhammad SAW. Tauladan kita dalam segala aspek
kehidupan;
3. Kedua orang tua yang selalu sabar dan tiada henti mendoakan demi
kesuksesan anaknya;
4. Bapak Agus Eko Minarno, M.Kom., selaku Dosen Pembimbing 1
dan Bapak Yufis Azhar, M.Kom., selaku Dosen Pembimbing 2 yang
selalu bersedia meluangkan waktu dan tenaga untuk memberikan
arahan petunjuk, serta saran dengan sabar karena terkadang penulis
menyadari perlu beberapa kali penjelasan agar penulis dapat
memahami.
5. Ibu Gita Indah Marthasari, M.Kom., selaku Ketua Jurusan Teknik
Informatika Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang;
6. Semua staf Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia yang telah
bersedia memberikan tempat untuk mendapatkan data penelitian;
7. Semua dosen pengajar di Jurusan Teknik Informatika Universitas
Muhammadiyah Malang yang telah memberikan ilmu yang sangat
bermanfaat;
8. Seluruh teman-teman yang tidak bisa penulis sebutkan satu per satu,
terima kasih atas dukungan, bantuan dan doa kalian selama ini.
vii
KATA PENGANTAR
Segala puji bagi Allah SWT, yang telah memberikan Rahmat dan Karunia-
Nya, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan tugas akhir yang berjudul “Deteksi
Defisiensi Unsur Hara Makro pada Tanaman Kopi berdasarkan Karakteristik
Gejala Visual Daun menggunakan MTCD dan JST”
Penyusunan tugas akhir ini diajukan untuk memenuhi syarat akademis
dalam rangka menyelesaikan studi Strata 1 Program Studi Teknik Informatika di
Fakultas Teknik Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.
Peneliti menyadari masih banyak kekurangan dan keterbatasan dalam
penulisan tugas akhir ini. Untuk itu, penulis sangat mengharapkan saran yang
sangat membangun agar tulisan ini dapat berguna untuk perkembangan ilmu
pengetahuan ke depan.
Malang, 20 Juli 2020
Penulis
Ahmad Annas Al Hakim
viii
DAFTAR ISI
ABSTRAK .............................................................................................................. i
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ ii
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN ................................................................................ iii
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ................................................................................. iv
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN .................................................................................. v
LEMBAR PERSEMBAHAN .............................................................................. vi
KATA PENGANTAR ......................................................................................... vii
DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................... viii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................ xi
DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................... xii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ...................................................................................... xiii
BAB I PEDAHULUAN ......................................................................................... 1
1.1 Latar Belakang .................................................................................... 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah .............................................................................. 4
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ................................................................................ 4
1.4 Cakupan Masalah ............................................................................... 4
1.5 Metodologi ........................................................................................... 5
1.6 Sistematika Penulisan ......................................................................... 5
BAB II LANDASAN TEORI ............................................................................... 7
2.1 Gejala Defisiensi Hara Makro pada Daun Kopi .............................. 7
2.2 Color Feature ....................................................................................... 8
2.3 Edge Feature ........................................................................................ 9
2.3.1 Operator Sobel ................................................................................. 9
2.3.2 Deteksi Texron ............................................................................... 11
2.4 Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM).................................... 12
ix
2.5 Jaringan Saraf Tiruan (JST) ........................................................... 13
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN .................................................................... 16
3.1 Metodologi ......................................................................................... 16
3.2 Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian ......................................................... 16
3.3 Tahap Pengumpulan Data ............................................................... 16
3.4 Tahap Analisis Data ......................................................................... 17
3.5 Perencanaan Pengolahan Citra ....................................................... 18
3.6 Multi Texton Histogram .................................................................... 19
3.6.1 Color Feature ................................................................................. 19
3.6.2 Edge Feature .................................................................................. 20
3.6.2.1 Operator Sobel ....................................................................... 20
3.6.3 Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM) ................................ 22
3.7 Representasi Fitur MTCD ............................................................... 26
3.8 Database ............................................................................................. 27
3.9 Jaringan Saraf Tiruan (JST) ........................................................... 27
3.9.1 Fungsi Aktivasi .............................................................................. 30
3.9.2 Algoritma Optimasi ...................................................................... 30
3.9.3 Epoch .............................................................................................. 30
3.10 Dataset ................................................................................................ 31
3.11 Pengujian ........................................................................................... 31
3.12 Lingkungan Kerja............................................................................. 32
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ............................................................ 33
4.1 Implementasi Ekstraksi Fitur MTCD ............................................ 33
4.1.1 Import Library ................................................................................ 33
4.1.2 Fungsi Color Feature ..................................................................... 34
4.1.3 Fungsi Edge Feature ...................................................................... 35
x
4.1.4 Fungsi Deteksi Texton ................................................................... 37
4.1.5 Fungsi GLCM ................................................................................ 38
4.1.6 Fungsi Indexing ............................................................................. 40
4.2 Implementasi Jaringan Saraf Tiruan ............................................. 41
4.2.1 Workflows Neural Network ........................................................... 41
4.2.1.1 Widget CSV File Import ......................................................... 42
4.2.1.2 Widget Data Table................................................................... 42
4.2.1.3 Widget Create Class ................................................................ 43
4.2.1.4 Widget Neural Network .......................................................... 44
4.2.1.5 Widget Predictions .................................................................. 45
4.3 Pengujian ........................................................................................... 45
BAB V KESIMPULAN ...................................................................................... 48
5.1 Kesimpulan ........................................................................................ 48
5.2 Saran .................................................................................................. 49
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .......................................................................................... 50
LAMPIRAN ......................................................................................................... 53
xi
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Grid dan MTH Texton. Grid (Kiri); (T1-T4) MTH Texton ............. 11
Gambar 2.2 MTCD Texton .................................................................................. 11
Gambar 2.3 Perbedaan Deteksi Texton pada MTH dan MTCD. (a-d) Deteksi
Texton MTH; (e-h) Deteksi Texton MTCD ..................................... 12
Gambar 2.4 Arsitektur Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP) ...................................... 14
Gambar 3.1 Diagram Alir Tahapan Penelitian .................................................... 16
Gambar 3.2 Flowchart Perencanaan Pengolahan Citra ....................................... 18
Gambar 3.3 Citra Kuantisasi ............................................................................... 19
Gambar 3.4 Deteksi Texton MTCD pada Kuantisasi Warna .............................. 20
Gambar 3.5 Rancangan Arsitektur Jaringan Saraf Tiruan ................................... 27
Gambar 3.6 Contoh Citra Daun Kopi .................................................................. 31
Gambar 4.1 Source Code Import Library ............................................................ 33
Gambar 4.2 Source Code Fungsi Level Warna Citra .......................................... 34
Gambar 4.3 Source Code Fungsi Kuantisasi Warna ........................................... 34
Gambar 4.4 Source Code Fungsi Edge Feature .................................................. 36
Gambar 4.5 Source Code Fungsi Deteksi Texton ................................................ 38
Gambar 4.6 Source Code Fungsi GLCM ............................................................ 38
Gambar 4.7 Source Code Fungsi Indexing .......................................................... 40
Gambar 4.8 Workflows Neural Network ............................................................. 41
Gambar 4.9 Widget CSV File Import................................................................... 42
Gambar 4.10 Widget Data Table ......................................................................... 43
Gambar 4.11 Widget Create Class ...................................................................... 43
Gambar 4.12 Widget Neural Network ................................................................. 44
Gambar 4.13 Widget Predictions......................................................................... 45
xii
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Karakteristik Gejala Visual Defisiensi Hara Makro .............................. 7
Tabel 2.2 Kuantisasi Warna ................................................................................... 9
Tabel 2.3 Kuantisasi Tepi ..................................................................................... 10
Tabel 3.1 Kuantisasi Warna ................................................................................. 19
Tabel 3.2 Kuantisasi Tepi ..................................................................................... 21
Tabel 4.1 Potongan Hasil Ekstraksi Color Feature ............................................. 35
Tabel 4.2 Potongan Hasil Ekstraksi Edge Feature ............................................... 36
Tabel 4.3 Potongan Hasil Ekstraksi GLCM ......................................................... 39
Tabel 4.4 Rangkuman Nilai Akurasi Tertinggi dengan Tuning Parameter ......... 46
xiii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1 Sampel Pengambilan Data ............................................................... 53
Lampiran 2 Pengujian Nilai Akurasi dengan Tuning Parameter ........................ 58
50
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