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Deutscher WetterdienstDeutscher WetterdienstMeteorological Observatory Lindenberg Meteorological Observatory Lindenberg

Richard Assmann ObservatoryRichard Assmann Observatory

Holger Vömel, DWD, Meteorological Observatory Lindenberg

Jianchun Bian, IAP/CAS, Beijing

Masatomo Fujiwara, Hokkaido University

Fumio Hasebe, Hokkaido University

Henry Selkirk, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

Takashi Shibata, Nagoya University

Masato Shiotani, Kyoto University

Jéssica Valverde, Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica

Water vapor observations in theWater vapor observations in theupper troposphere and lower stratosphere:upper troposphere and lower stratosphere:

Tropics and East AsiaTropics and East Asia

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Water Vapor :

Cryogenic Frostpoint Hygrometer (CFH)

Ozone:

ECC ozone sonde

PTU and wind:

Vaisala RS80, GPS

Other sensors:

Vaisala RS92, FLASH,

Modem, Intermet, Cobald

Chinese L-Band Radiosonde

Balloon-borne in situ observationsBalloon-borne in situ observations

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Cryogenic Frostpoint Hygrometer (CFH)Cryogenic Frostpoint Hygrometer (CFH)

• Microprocessor controlMicroprocessor control

• Vertical Range: surface to ~25 kmVertical Range: surface to ~25 km

• Uncertainty: troposphere: > 4% MRUncertainty: troposphere: > 4% MR stratosphere: ~ 9 % stratosphere: ~ 9 %

• Phase sensitive detector: Phase sensitive detector: electronic sunlight filter electronic sunlight filter

• No liquid/ice ambiguityNo liquid/ice ambiguity

• Weight: ~ 400 grWeight: ~ 400 gr

• ~ 477 soundings~ 477 soundings

Detector

IR LED

μ Controllerμ Controller

Cryogen

Air flow

Lens

Mirror

Heater

Frost layer

Thermistor

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Low latitudefrostpoint observations

CEPEX: March 1993 Western Pacific13 soundings

OMS : Feb 2997 and Nov 1997 North Eastern Brazil4 soundings

SOWER: March 1998 ongoing Western and Eastern Pacific, campaign based

(usually DJF)49 soundings San Cristobal5 soundings Western Pacific50 soundings Indonesia

TICOSONDE: July 2005 ongoing Costa Rica, routine observations122 soundings

Kunming: Aug 2009 Southwest China, 11 soundings

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CFH Observation sitesCFH Observation sites

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CFH Observation sitesCFH Observation sites

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In situ profiles

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Example Data: Kunming Aug 2009

Water Vapor Ozone

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Dehydration event Costa RicaDehydration event Costa Rica19 July 200519 July 2005

370 K360 K

395 K

Water Vapor Ozone

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Temperature anomalyTemperature anomaly

19 July 200511 July 2005

Rossby Gravity Wave

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Seasonal variation

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Tape Recorder, Costa Rica

CFH2005-2009

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Tape Recorder, Costa Rica

Aura/MLS2004-2009

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Tropical Tropopause Observations

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Tropical tropopause water vaporTropical tropopause water vapor

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Tropical tropopause ozoneTropical tropopause ozone

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Tropical tropopause ozone Tropical tropopause ozone distributiondistribution

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Tropical tropopause RHTropical tropopause RH

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Tropical tropopause RH distributionTropical tropopause RH distribution

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Comparison of Kunming data with all other tropical data

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Water ozone correlation

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Water ozone correlation

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Water vapor

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Ozone

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RH over ice

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SummarySummary

High resolution vertical profiles of tropical water vapor and ozone show multitude of atmospheric processes and trends: Tape recorder, wave driven dehydration, high Supersaturation, QBO, etc.

Kunming soundings have the same water/ozone correlation as Costa Rica in summer

But higher water vapor at 360K-370K compared to Costa Rica

Higher ozone below 360K and lower ozone between 360K and 380K compared to Costa Rica

Difference disappears at 380 K

Supersaturation up to 390 K allows for formation of clouds

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Summary

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Tropical tropopause temperatureTropical tropopause temperature