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Development and Evaluation of High School Science-Camp

Using EdGCM

Yukimasa Tsubota1 ， Mark A. Chandler2 and Linda Sohl2

1J. F. Oberlin University in Tokyo, Japan2Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia

University and NASA/GISS

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Outline of 　 our presentationBackground of presentation

Science CampEdGCM

Development of Our Three Day CampEvaluation of Our Science Camp

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What is the science camp?

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Strategies for promoting science education and public understanding of science and technology in Japan.

(http://rikai.jst.go.jp/eng/)

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Science CampExecuted by: Universities, Research

institutes, Private companies.Intended for: High school studentsPurpose of the project: Enhancing high

school students’ interest in science, 　technology, and further intellectual interest comprehensively.

Activities involved: Offering experiences provided by universities, public research institutes or enterprises.

Offered 3 times a year; summer, winter and spring.Approximately 100 programs offered per year.

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What is EdGCM?

EdGCM Project GoalsEducational Global Climate ModelThe main goal of the EdGCM Project is to

improve the quality of teaching and learning of climate-change science through broader access to GCMs, and to provide appropriate technology and materials to help educators use these models effectively.

(http://edgcm.columbia.edu)

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Documentation EdGCM Manual EdGCM Quick Start Guide EVA Manual EdGCM Workshop Guide Workshop Agenda EdGCM Global Warming Exercise EdGCM Presentation Earth Exploration Toolbook: Envisioning Climate Change Using A Global

Climate Model

(http://edgcm.columbia.edu/support2/supplemental/)

(http://edgcm.columbia.edu/support2/documentation/)

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EdGCM 　 Built-in ScenariosModern Specified SST

Can be used as training sessionModern Predicted SST

Can be used as a control runDoubled CO2Global Warming

2000 and afterwards CO2 increase 1% per year.

IPCC A1F1_CO2 　 ScenarioUses the CO2 increase from IPCC’s A1FI

scenario.

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Developed our three day camp.

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Objectives of Our campThe purpose of the science-camp project is to

enhance high-school students' interest in science and technology; and to foster intellectual interests in general.

Our science camp is part of our climate-change education program.

Our concrete objectives are:to understand the climate system;to understand a Global Climate Model (GCM) and its

use;to experience the scientific process and to acquire

scientific strategies; andto develop an attitude toward global environmental-

issues.

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Contents of our science campLecture should be minimum.

Climate LiteracyField Measurements (Observation)

Meteorological ObservatoryTheory into Practice

Laboratory experimentsSeeing is believingSea level risingProperties of CO2

Computer LaboratoryComputer model and simulation

Presentation and DiscussionScientific research and Methodology

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Time Table for our Science Camp

Day 1

13:00 ～ 13:30 Opening Ceremony13:30 ～ 14:20 Lecture: Global warming and Climate Model (Climate Literacy)14:30 ～ 15:20 EdGCM Lab: Introduction to EdGCM15:30 ～ 16:20 Observation: Measuring Atmospheric pressure and temperature16:30 ～ 17:20 EdGCM Lab: EdGCM Basics and 2xCO2 experiment

Day 2

09:00 ～ 09:50 EdGCM Lab: Review of EdGCM Basics 10:00 ～ 11:00 EdGCM Lab: Global warming and post processing 11:10 ～ 12:00 Laboratory: Green house effect and CO2’s properties13:00 ～ 13:50 EdGCM Lab: Feedback of Climate System14:00 ～ 14:50 EdGCM Lab: Warming of Greenland15:00 ～ 15:50 Laboratory: Thermal expansion of water and cloud formation16:00 ～ 17:30 EdGCM Lab: Discussion and Setting up for the final project

Day 3

09:00 ～ 09:40 Lecture: IPCC Reports and Climate Updates09:50 ～ 10:50 EdGCM Lab: Post-processing of the final project11:00 ～ 12:00 EdGCM Lab: Group discussion and preparation for presentation13:00 ～ 14:30 Presentation of the final project and discussion14::40 ～ 15:00 Closing Ceremony

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How was our science camp?

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Participants

Applied

Accepted

10th 11th 12th

2009

38 10(6) 4(2) 5(4) 1(0)

2010

21 12(6) 4(2) 6(3) 2(1)

2011

27 12(6) 3(1) 7(4) 2(1)

We accepted ten for 2009 and twelve for 2010 and 2011, respectively; based on essays written in their application forms that demonstrated their motivation and intelligence.

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Four components of our camp

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Final Scenarios2009

A: Comparison of the global warming impacts on the Antarctica and GreenlandB: Cloudiness comparison with CO2 concentration of 1.5xCO2, 2xCO2 and 3xCO2C: Changes in low-level cloud and albedo due to the global warming

2010

A: Comparison between A1F1 scenario and B1 scenario for next 100 yearsB: CO2 increase up to 480ppm by 20 years and then stable in 20years after that down to 420ppm by 20 yearsC: Seasonal impacts of the annual CO2 increase rate of 1% and 0.1%

2011

A: Impacts of the annual CO2 increase rate of 2%B: Impacts of the solar constant change among 1366, 1375 and 1350 W per m2

C: Comparison of A1F1 scenario and 3xCO2 condition

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Evaluation of our science camp.

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Two way evaluation of our campGeneral questionnaires given before the

closing session.The effects of our camp were assessed by

pre- and post- questionnaires with the Risky Business project by the Centre for Science Education, Sheffield Hallam University, funded by Sciencewise and Nesta.

http://www.sciencewise-erc.org.uk/cms/assets/Uploads/Risky-Business-Final-Report.pdf

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Awareness and Brief1. Climate change is happening now.2. Climate change happening more quickly because

of humans.3. We must take action now even if we don't know

whether what we do will be successful in stopping global warming.

4. Science and technology can be relied on to provide solutions to climate change.

5. Governments should introduce laws and taxes now to slow down climate change, even though it will make some things more expensive.

6. The risks of generating electricity by nuclear power are worth taking compared with risks of climate change

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Change in their awareness and brief

61

79

76

75

48

34

15

12

4

3

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Before

Afrer

Strongly agree Agree Neither Disagree Strongly disagree

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Policy options1. Invest more money in science and technology.2. Introduce a 'carbon tax' to charge greater taxes for

companies who produce more greenhouse gases.3. Aim to ensure that 60% of all household waste is recycled.4. Promote renewable energy, as part of a strategy of having a

mix of energy sources.5. Ensure that Japan is at the forefront of international climate

change.6. Invest more money in the railways.7. Invest more money in science and technology.8. Make manufacturers of goods and products more responsible

for what happens to packaging.9. Ensure that fewer aircraft flights take off half-empty, by

cutting the number of flights allowed.10. Calm traffic down using barriers.11. Support ‘convergence’.12. Make sure all homes use water meters.13. Not replacing exiting nuclear power stations.

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Change against policy option

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31

137

129

212

195

63

83

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Before

After

Definitely against Might against Might for Definitely for

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Answers to general questionnaires

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Q1: How was the seminar?Q1: How was the seminar?

a. very interesting82%

b. interesting18%

d. can't judge0%

c. not interesting0%

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Q2: Were the contents of seminar easy to understand?

Q2: Were the contents of seminar easy to understand?

a. very intelligible36%

b. intelligible64%

c. unclear0% d. can't judge

0%

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Q3: Did science interest you?Q3: Did science interest you?

a. Scienceinterested mevery much.

68%

d. I can't judge.0%

c. Science did notinterest me at all.

0%

b. Scienceinterested me

some how.32%

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Q4: Do you want to be a scientist?Q4: Do you want to be a scientist?

a. definitely32%

b. if possible58%

c. not really5%

d. can't judge5%

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Q5: Do you have a intension to attend the similar seminar?Q5: Do you have an intension to attend the similar seminar?

a. definitely73%

b. if possible27%

d. can't judge0%

c. not really0%

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Q14; Most favorite activity in the science camp?Q14: Most favorite activity in the science camp

communicationwith researchers.

26%

Presentation9%

Experimnts &Obserbation

26%

EdGCMSimulation

39%

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Q18: Did you participate in a science camp and have some influence in an attitude to environmental problem?Q18: Did you participate in a science camp and have some influence in anattitude to environmental problem?

Yes, very much.81%

Yes14%

No5%

Negatively, yes0%

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Overall performance0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Q10: How was thelectures?

Q11: How was theEdGCM simulation?

Q12: How was theexperiments and

observation?

a. very good b. good c. average d. below average

Let's use EdGCM with us!

(http://www.clustrmaps.com/counter/maps.php?user=83d6891)

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AcknowledgmentsThis work was partly supported by Grant-in-Aid for

Scientific Research (C ） No. 19500757 and 22500820, the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.

The EdGCM Project is supported by NASA’s Innovations in Climate Education Program. Prior support was provided by the National Science Foundation’s Paleoclimate Program and NASA’s High-Performance Computing Program. We gratefully acknowledge the help of the scientists and programmers at NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies who have worked for decades developing Global Climate Models, including the model at the core of EdGCM. Model development at GISS is supported by NASA’s Modeling, Analysis, and Predictions Program.

Corresponding author’s address --Yukimasa TsubotaJ. F. Oberlin University3758 Tokiwa-machi, Machida-shiTokyo 194-0294, JapanPhone & Fax: +81-(0)42-797-8563E-mail: tsubota@obirin.ac.jp

<= 2012/9/17-2013/9/14 =>Yukimasa TsubotaCCSR/GISS at Columbia University2880 Broadway, New YorkNY 10027, U.S.AE-mail: yt2107@columbia.edu