Deviance and OCB 偏差與組織公民行為

碩專教評一甲 黃語均2013/10/20

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Deviance and OCB

After examining the origins of negative workplace behaviors the next logical step would be to observe how these behaviors influence the performance of the work group.

檢查負面職場行為的來源後，下一個合乎邏輯的步驟就是觀察這些行為如何影響工作小組的績效。

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Deviance and OCB

The latest job performance literature reveals that within the job performance sphere there are three distinct components of work behavior; task performance, OCB, and workplace deviant behavior (Rotundo and Sackett, 2002).

最新工作績效文獻顯示影響工作績效可分為三方面行為來探討：任務績效、組織公民行為和職場偏差行為。

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Deviance and OCB

Until recently most researchers believed that task performance was synonymous with overall job performance.

直到最近，大部份的研究人員認為任務績效就是整體工作績效的代名詞。

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Deviance and OCB

It is now clear that both types of work behavior, OCB and workplace deviant behavior play a role in determining overall job performance at the individual and group level.

現在可以清楚知道在個人及團體中， OCB 的工作行為和職場偏差行為此兩者扮演了評估整體工作績效的角色。

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Deviance and OCB

OCB is voluntary behavior of an employee that goes beyond what is expected of them in order to promote overall organizational efficacy.

OCB 是員工自發性超越預期的行為表現，這些行為是為了提升整體組織的成效。

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Deviance and OCB

Since OCB is not always job specific, it can be used in almost any work setting and would have a positive influence on overall organizational performance (Appelbaum et al., 2003, 2004).

由於 OCB 並非全然為具體的工作，但可用在任何工作環境且在整體組織績效有正面的影響。

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Deviance and OCB

In contrast, deviant behavior among group members would have a negative influence on overall group performance. A recent study has shown that deviant behavior has a stronger effect on performance than OCB has.

反之，在團體成員中的偏差行為對整體績效具有負面的影響。最近研究顯示，績效上偏差行為比 OCB 有較強的效應。

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Deviance and OCB

This suggests that given an organization that has work groups that exhibit deviant behavior and other work groups exhibit OCB, the overall performance of the organization will be negatively affected.

這表明組織中存在表現出偏差行為的工作團隊及表現出組織公民行為的工作團隊，就整體績效來說將受到負面影響。

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Deviance and OCB

Another way of looking at this is that deviant behavior cannot be overcome by OCB unless it is really the minority. For example, if a number of employees started to demonstrate OCB in a toxic organization there would not be much of a positive effect on the overall performance.

另一方面來說，偏差行為無法藉由 OCB 來克服，除非偏差行為極為少數。例如：一些員工於毒素組織中開始示範 OCB ，對整體績效將不會有多大正面影響。

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Deviance and OCB

On the other hand, if employees begin to exhibit deviant behavior in a healthy organization there would be noticeable negative effects on the overall performance (Dunlop and Lee, 2004).

另一方面來說，健康的組織中若員工開始出現偏差行為，整體績效將有明顯的負面影響。

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Deviance and OCB

Deviant behavior is a fairly new topic and researchers are just beginning to envisage links between deviant behavior and an organization’s climate, its employee’s attitudes, personalities, and perceptions (Mercer, 2001; Reichers and Schneider, 1990).

偏差行為是相當新的課題，研究人員正開始設法建立偏差行為和組織氣候、員工態度、個性以及觀念的連結。

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Deviance and OCB

It is difficult to find ways to deal with deviant behavior in the workplace. Measures to handle deviance will depend on what type of deviance is being practiced and what treatment the employees would respond to (Victor and Cullen, 1987; Peterson,2002).

在職場上找到處理偏差行為的方法並不容易。處理偏差的措施將取決於發生何類的偏差行為以及員工所反映的論述。

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Deviance and OCB

Adjustments may have to be directed at those specific employees, to the organization’s or group’s climate, or even to organizational policies and regulations.

調整對象可能要針對那些特定的員工、組織或團體的氣候，甚至組織的政策法規。

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Deviance and OCB

An interesting way to try to avoid the development of deviant behavior is to implement a specific training and development program to address the problem and solutions (Darley and Batson, 1973).

為避免偏差行為的擴展，一個有趣方式是實施具體培訓和發展計畫來解決問題。

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Deviance and OCB

To ensure that this program is successful the employees need to be monitored regularly and have the opportunity to give feedback.

為了確保計畫成功，須定期的監測員工，並適時的給予機會回饋。

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Deviance and OCB

This system is important because if new employees are not carefully managed, early adjustment problems may lead to them to quit, or result in dysfunctional or deviant behavior should they choose to stay (Jenkins, 1988; Robbins, 1992).

這個系統是非常重要的，若新進員工管理不慎，及早調整問題可導致他們離職 / 放棄，或導致工作障礙，或偏差行為依然保持原狀。

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報告完畢 謝謝聆聽

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何謂 OCB?

組織公民行為 (Organizational Citizenship Behavior, OCB) 一詞由 Organ 所提出，係指“…一種不直接或明白標示在正式職務說明書中的自願性行為，卻能促進組織的功能績效。”它包含構七大構面：

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何謂 OCB?

1.利他主義 (altruism)

2.勤勉正直 (conscientiousness)

3.運動家精神 (sportsmanship)

4.殷勤 (courtesy)

5. 公民德行 (civic virtue)

6.鼓舞他人 (cheerleading)

7. 保持和諧 (peacekeeping)

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