Upload
emma-small
View
243
Download
9
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Deviance
What causes deviance?
Biological Psychological Sociological
What are the biological explanations? A real but small effect in
causing crime. Caesar Lombroso
Genetically destined to become criminals
XYY Chromosome theory
What is the “medicalization of deviance”? Treating deviant behavior by medical means Depo-provera for rape Methadone for heroin Redefining
Theft as “compulsive disorder”Drinking as “alcoholism”Promiscuity as a “sexual addiction”
What are the psychological explanations? Personality patterns Individual traits Majority of crimes are
committed by people with normal personalities
Do you remember?
What are the biological explanations of crime?
What is the medicalization of crime? What are the psychological explanations
of crime? Are most criminals mentally ill?
What are the sociological explanations?(Overview)
Strain theory Differential association Differential opportunity Labeling theory
What is the strain theory?
Robert Merton Conformist Innovator
(Al Capone) Ritualist Retreatist Rebellion
What is the differential association explanation? Edwin H. Sutherland Crime is learned in association with others Deviance is linked to the amount of
contact a person has with others who encourage or discourage that behavior.
What is the differential opportunity explanation? Cloward & Ohlin Reduce crime by reducing criminal
(illegitimate) opportunity
What is the labeling theory explanation? Deviance and conformity result not only
from what people do, but how others respond to those actions.ReinforcementLabelingRetrospective labeling
Interpreting someone’s past as consistent with present deviance.
Do you remember?
What is the Strain theory? What is the Differential Association
theory? What is the Differential Opportunity
theory? What is the labeling theory?
What are the types of crime? (overview) Street crime White-collar crime Victimless crime
What is street crime?
Crimes against persons
Crimes against property
What is white-collar crime?
Crimes committed by people of high social standing as part of their occupation
Little reaction from others Cases heard in civil court (rather than
criminal court) This is changing with the WorldCom and
Enron problems.
What is victimless crime?
Prostitution
Drugs
Gambling
Do you remember?
What is street crime? What is White-collar crime? What is victimless crime?
How does the judicial system operate?
What is plea bargaining? (Legal negotiation) Most criminal cases in the courts are
resolved by plea bargaining. In exchange for a guilty plea, you get:
Reduced chargeReduced sentenceConcurrent sentences
Why does society punish offenders? Retribution
The oldest reason“An eye for an eye”
DeterrenceThe threat of punishment to discourage crime
Rehabilitation Removal from society
Criminal recidivism
Subsequent offenses by people convicted of crimes
Do you remember?
What is plea bargaining?Why does society punish offenders?What is recidivism?
What is happening here?