1. mercury@Updatesofts.comEbooks Team

2. 161 tnh thnh Vit Nam Mc lcMc lc...........................................................................1Bn a hnh Vit Nam.................................................3Bn v tr cc tnh........................................................4Vi hng tng qut..........................................................5An Giang.......................................................................14B Ra - Vng Tu..........................................................24Bc Liu........................................................................40Bc Cn........................................................................46Bc Giang.....................................................................52Bc Ninh.......................................................................60Bn Tre.........................................................................72Bnh Dng...................................................................80Bnh nh......................................................................86Bnh Phc....................................................................98Bnh Thun..................................................................102C Mau........................................................................110Cao Bng.....................................................................116Cn Th.......................................................................122 Nng.......................................................................129c Lc........................................................................140ng Nai......................................................................149ng Thp...................................................................159Gia Lai.........................................................................169H Giang......................................................................175H Nam.......................................................................181H Ni.........................................................................188H Ty.........................................................................206H Tnh........................................................................223Hi Dng....................................................................234Hi Phng....................................................................246Ha Bnh......................................................................256Hng Yn....................................................................263Khnh Ha...................................................................271Kin Giang...................................................................282Kon Tum......................................................................292Lai Chu......................................................................298Lng Sn.....................................................................304Lo Cai........................................................................313Lm ng....................................................................323Long An.......................................................................334Nam nh....................................................................340 3. 2Ngh An......................................................................352Ninh Bnh....................................................................363Ninh Thun..................................................................376Ph Th.......................................................................382Ph Yn.......................................................................389Qung Bnh..................................................................397Qung Nam..................................................................407Qung Ngi..................................................................423Qung Ninh..................................................................432Qung Tr.....................................................................455Si Gn........................................................................463Sc Trng....................................................................493Sn La.........................................................................499Ty Ninh......................................................................504Thi Bnh.....................................................................509Thi Nguyn................................................................517Thanh Ha...................................................................525Tha Thin - Hu.........................................................539Tin Giang...................................................................560Tr Vinh.......................................................................569Tuyn Quang...............................................................575Vnh Long....................................................................579Vnh Phc....................................................................588Yn Bi........................................................................596 4. 3 5. 4 6. 5 Vi hng tng qut Din tch : 330.991 cy s vung.Dn s : (2001) 78.685.800 ngi.Th : H NiV TR :Kinh tuyn : 102 10 - 109 30 ng.V tuyn : 8 30 - 23 22 Bc.Nc Cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit Nam l mt di t hnh ch S, nm trungtm khu vc ng Nam , pha ng bn o ng Dng, pha Bc gip TrungQuc, pha Ty gip Lo, Campuchia, pha ng v Nam trng ra bin ng vThi Bnh Dng. B bin Vit Nam di 3260 km, bin gii t lin di 3730 km.Trn t lin, t im cc Bc n im cc Nam (theo ng chim bay) di 1650km, t im cc ng sang im cc Ty ni rng nht 600 km (Bc b), 400 km(Nam b), ni hp nht 50 km (Qung Bnh).Vit Nam l u mi giao thng t n Dng sang Thi Bnh Dng.KH HU :Vit Nam nm trong vng kh hu nhit i v nhit i c gi ma, c nh nngchan ho, lng ma di do v m cao. Mt s ni gn ch tuyn hoc vngni cao c tnh cht kh hu n i.Nhit trung bnh t 22 n 27C, rt thch hp vi khch du lch. Tuy nhin 7. 6nhit trung bnh tng ni c khc nhau, H Ni 23C, thnh ph H Ch Minh26C, Hu 25C.Kh hu Vit Nam c hai ma r rt, ma kh rt (t thng 11 n thng 4 nmsau), ma ma nng (t thng 5 n thng 10), nhit thay i theo ma r rtnht cc tnh pha Bc, giao ng nhit gia cc ma chnh nhau n 12C. cc tnh pha Nam, s chnh lch nhit gia cc ma khng ng k, chkhong 3C. cc tnh pha bc, kh hu thay i bn ma : Xun, H, Thu,ng.A HNH :Lnh th Vit Nam bao gm 3 phn 4 l i ni. Bn vng ni chnh l :Vng ni ng Bc (cn gi l Vit Bc).Ko di t thung lng sng Hng n vnh Bc b. Ti y c nhiu danh lamthng cnh ni ting nh cc ng Tam Thanh, Nh Thanh (Lng Sn), hang PcP, thc Bn Gic (Cao Bng), h Ba B (Bc Cn), ni Yn T, vnh H Long(Qung Ninh). nh ni Ty Cn Lnh cao nht vng ng Bc : 2431 m.Vng ni Ty BcKo di t bin gii pha Bc (gip Trung Quc) ti min Ty tnh Thanh Ho. yl vng ni cao hng v, c Sa Pa (Lo Cai) cao 1500 m so vi mt bin, ningh mt l tng, ni tp trung ng cc tc ngi H Mng, Dao, Kinh, Ty, Giy,Hoa, X Ph...Vng ni Ty Bc cn c di tch chin trng lng danh in Bin Ph v nh niPhan - Xi - Png, cao 3143 m.Vng ni Trng Sn Bc 8. 7T min Ty tnh Thanh Ho n vng ni Qung Nam - Nng, c ng PhongNha (Qung Bnh) k th v nhng ng o ni ting nh o Ngang, o HiVn... c bit c ng mn H Ch Minh c th gii bit n nhiu bi nhngk tch ca ngi Vit Nam trong cuc khng chin v i ln th hai.Vng ni Trng Sn NamNm pha Ty cc tnh Nam Trung b. Sau nhng khi ni s l mt vng trng ln c gi l Ty Nguyn (cao nguyn pha Ty). Vng t y huyn thoiny cn cha ng nhiu iu b n v thc vt, ng vt, nht l nn vn hac sc ca cc b tc t ngi. Thnh ph Lt, ni ngh mt l tng chnh thnh t cui th k 19.Vit Nam c hai ng bng ln l ng bng chu th sng Hng v ng bngchu th sng Cu Long...ng bng sng Hng (ng bng Bc b).Rng khong 15.000 km c bi t bi ph sa ca hai con sng ln l sngHng v sng Thi Bnh. y l a bn c tr ca ngi Vit c, cng l ni hnhthnh nn vn minh la nc.ng Bng sng Cu Long (ng bng Nam b).- Rng khong 36.000km, l vng t ph nhiu, kh hu thun li. y l va laln nht ca Vit Nam.Trn lnh th Vit Nam c hng nghn con sng ln, nh. Dc b bin, c khong20 km li c mt ca sng, do h thng giao thng thy kh thun li.Hai h thng sng quan trng l sng Hng min Bc v sng M Kng (cn gil Cu Long) min Nam. 9. 8Vit Nam c 3260 km b bin, nu c dp i dc theo b bin Vit Nam bn sc m mnh trong ln nc xanh ca nhng bi bin p nh Tr C, Sm Sn,Lng C, Non Nc, Nha Trang, Vng Tu, H Tin... C ni ni n lan ra bin tothnh v p k th nh vnh H Long, c UNESCO cng nhn l di sn thinnhin th gii.Vit Nam c nhiu hi cng ln nh Hi Phng, Nng, Qui Nhn, Cam Ranh,Vng Tu, Si Gn...Gia vng bin Vit Nam cn c h thng o v qun o gm hng ngn oln nh nm ri rc t Bc n Nam, trong c hai qun o Hong Sa vTrng Sa.Rng v t rng chim mt din tch ln trn lnh th Vit Nam. Cc khu rngquc gia c nh nc bo v v c k hoch pht trin du lch sinh thi bnvng. Nhng khu rng qu li c thin nhin "chia" cho nhiu a phngtrn c nc : rng Ba V (H Ty), rng Ct B (Hi Phng), rng Cc Phng(Ninh Bnh), rng Bch M (Hu), rng Ct Tin (ng Nai), rng Cn o v.v..Vit Nam l nc c ngun ti nguyn khong sn phong ph. Di lng t cnhiu khong sn qu nh : thic, km, bc, vng, angtimoan, qu, than . thm lc a ca Vit Nam c nhiu du m, kh t.Ngun sui nc khong cng rt phong ph : sui khong Quang Hanh (QungNinh), sui khong Hi Vn (Bnh nh), sui khong Vnh Ho (Bnh Thun), suikhong Dc M (Nha Trang), sui khong Kim Bi (Ho Bnh) v.v..* 10. 9Lc sT u thi i ng thau, cc b lc ngi Vit nh c chc chn Bc Bv Bc Trung B. By gi c khong 15 b lc Lc Vit sng ch yu min trungdu v ng bng Bc B, hng chc b lc u Vit sng ch yu min Vit Bc.Ti nhiu ni, ngi Lc Vit v ngi u Vit sng xen k vi nhau, bn cnh ccthnh phn dn c khc.Do nhu cu tr thu, nhu cu chng ngoi xm v do vic trao i kinh t, vn hongy cng gia tng, cc b lc sinh sng gn gi nhau c xu hng tp hp vthng nht li. Trong s cc b lc Lc Vit, b lc Vn Lang hng mnh hn c.Th lnh b lc ny l ngi ng ra thng nht tt c cc b lc Lc Vit, dngln nc Vn Lang, t xng l vua, m s c gi l Hng Vng v con chu ngnhiu i v sau vn ni truyn danh hiu .Cn c vo cc ti liu s hc, c th tm xc nh a bn nc Vn Lang tngng vi vng Bc B v bc Trung B nc ta hin nay cng vi mt phn phanam Qung ng, Qung Ty (Trung Quc). Thi gian tn ti ca nc Vn Langkhong t u thin nin k I trc Cng nguyn n th k 3 trc Cng nguyn.Nm 221 trc Cng Nguyn, Tn Thu Hong cho qun xm lc t ca tonb cc nhm ngi Vit. Thc Phn, th lnh lin minh cc b lc u Vit, c tnlm ngi lnh o cuc chin chng Tn. Nm 208 trc Cng Nguyn, qun Tnphi rt lui. Vi uy th ca mnh, Thc Phn xng vng (An Dng Vng), linkt cc b lc Lc Vit v u Vit li, dng nn nc u Lc.Nm 179 trc Cng Nguyn, Triu , vua nc Nam Vit, tung qun nhchim u Lc. Cuc khng c ca An Dng Vng tht bi. Sut 7 th k tip , 11. 10mc d cc th lc phong kin phng Bc thay nhau h, chia nc ta thnhnhiu chu, qun vi nhng tn gi khc l m chng t ra, nhng vn khngxo ni ci tn "u Lc" trong thc, tnh cm v sinh hot thng ngy ca nhndn ta.Ma xun nm 542, L B khi ngha nh ui qun Lng, gii phng lnh th.Thng 2-544, L B ln ngi Hong , t quc hiu l Vn Xun, khng nhnim t tn dn tc, tinh thn c lp v mong mun t nc c bn vngmun i.Chnh quyn L B tn ti khng lu ri li ri vo vng h ca cc triu iphong kin phng Trung Quc (t nm 602). Quc hiu Vn Xun b vi dp vch c khi phc sau khi Ng Quyn nh tan qun Nam Hn bng chin thngBch ng nm 938, chm dt thi k Bc thuc.Nm 968, inh B Lnh dp yn cc s qun ct c, thng nht quc gia, lnngi Hong v cho i quc hiu l i C Vit (nc Vit ln). Quc hiu nyduy tr sut i inh (968-979), Tin L (980-1009) v u thi L (1010-1053).Nm 1054, nhn im lnh ln l vic xut hin mt ngi sao sng chi nhiungy mi tt, nh L lin cho i tn nc l i Vit v quc hiu i Vit cgi nguyn n ht thi Trn.Thng 3-1400, H Qu Ly ph Trn Thiu , lp ra nh H v cho i tn ncthnh i Ngu ("ngu" ting c c ngha l "s yn vui"). Quc hiu tn ti nkhi gic Minh nh bi triu H (thng 4-1407).Sau 10 nm khng chin (1418-1427), cuc khi ngha chng Minh ca L Li tonthng. Nm 1428, L Li ln ngi, t tn nc l i Vit (lnh th nc ta lc 12. 11ny v pha Nam ti Hu). Quc hiu i Vit c gi qua sut thi hu L(1428-1787) v thi Ty Sn (1788-1810).Nm 1802, Nguyn nh ng quang, m u thi Nguyn v cho i tn nc lVit Nam, Quc hiu Vit Nam c cng nhn hon ton v mt ngoi giao tr thnh chnh thc vo nm 1804. Tuy nhin, hai ting "Vit Nam" li thy xuthin t kh sm trong lch s nc ta. Ngay t cui th k 14 c mt b schnhan Vit Nam th ch do trng nguyn H Tng Thc bin son. Cun D ach ca Nguyn Tri (u th k 15) nhiu ln nhc n hai ch "Vit Nam". iuny cn c cp r rng trong nhng tc phm ca trng Trnh Nguyn BnhKhim (1491-1585), chng hn ngay trang m u tp Trnh tin sinh quc ng c cu : "Vit Nam khi t xy nn". Ngi ta cng tm thy hai ch "Vit Nam"trn mt s tm bia khc t th k 16-17 nh bia cha Bo Lm (1558) HiPhng, bia cha Cam L (1590) H Ty, bia cha Phc Thnh (1664) BcNinh... c bit bia Thu Mn nh (1670) bin gii Lng Sn c cu u : "VitNam hu thit, trn Bc i quan" (y l ca ng yt hu ca nc Vit Nam v ltin n trn gi phng Bc). V ngha, phn ln cc gi thuyt u cho rngt "Vit Nam" kin to bi hai yu t : chng tc v a l (ngi Vit phngNam).n i vua Minh Mng (1820-1840), quc hiu c i thnh i Nam. D vy,hai ting "Vit Nam" vn c s dng rng ri trong cc tc phm vn hc, trongnhiu giao dch dn s v quan h x hi.Ngy 19-8-1945, Cch mng Thng Tm thnh cng, lt hon ton chthng tr phong kin v thc dn, m ra mt k nguyn mi. Ngy 2-9-1945, Ch 13. 12tch H Ch Minh c Tuyn ngn c lp, khai sinh nc Vit Nam dn ch cngho.Sut 30 nm tip theo, tuy t nc lm vo cnh chin tranh, ri chia ct, haiting "Vit nam" vn c ph bin t Bc ch Nam v tr thnh thn thit, thingling vi mi ngi.Ngy 30-4-1975, min Nam c gii phng, non sng quy v mt mi. Ngy 2-7-1976, trong k hp u tin ca Quc hi nc Vit Nam thng nht, ton thQuc hi nht tr ly tn nc l Cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit Nam. Hinphp nm 1980 v hin php nm 1992 tip tc khng nh quc hiu , a ntr thnh chnh thc c v php l ln trn thc t.Ngn ngVit Nam l t nc c 54 dn tc. Mi dn tc u c ting ni v sc thi vnho ring nhng li c chung mt nn vn ho thng nht. Tnh thng nht cann vn ho Vit Nam biu hin thc cng ng, gn b gia cc dn tc vinhau trong qu trnh dng nc v gi nc. Ting Vit c s dng l ting phthng, l cng c giao tip chung ca cc dn tc sng trn di t Vit Nam.Cng vi s pht trin ca t nc, ngy nay phc v cho giao lu quc tnhiu ngn ng nc ngoi cng c s dng Vit Nam nh ting Anh, Php,Nga, Hoa, c...Nn tng vn ho truyn thng ca Vit Nam l vn ho dn gian. l kho tngvn ho giu c phong ph vi nhng truyn thn thoi, truyn thuyt, c tch, cadao, h v..., l nhng ln iu dn ca, cc hnh thc sn khu dn gian phongph. Nn vn ha dn gian y pht trin di dng truyn ming trc khi c 14. 13ch vit Vit Nam.Song song vi dng vn hc truyn ming, nn vn hc bc hc bt u xut hin Vit Nam vi cc tc phm vit bng ch Hn (th k th X). Trong sut mtthi gian di, cc nn vn ho phng Bc, vn ho n thng qua o Pht,o Nho nh hng su sc n nn vn hc v ch vit ca Vit Nam. Tuynhin bn sc ca vn ho Vit Nam vn c bo v v pht trin vi vic xuthin vn hc ch Nm (ci bin ca ch Hn theo m ting Vit) vo th k XIII.c bit vo th k XVII, mt s gio s phng Ty s dng ch ci La Tinh phin m ting Vit v nh vy ra i ch Quc ng. Sau hai th k, chQuc ng ngy cng ph bin v tr thnh ch vit chnh thc ca Vit Nam.T cui th k XIX, dng vn hc bng ch quc ng ra i v pht trin mnhm (vn xui, vn vn, truyn, th,...). Sau Cch mng thng Tm, nn vn hchin i Vit Nam chuyn sang mt giai on mi mang tnh dn tc v tnhhin i su sc. Vit Nam gii thiu nhiu thnh tu vn hc ca mnh, t vnhc c in n vn hc hin i ra nc ngoi v nhiu tc phm, tc gi VitNam c th gii bit n.* 15. 14An GiangDien tch : 3424 km.Dan so : 1.592.600 ngi (2001).Tnh l : Thanh pho Long Xuyen.Th xa : Th xa Chau oc.Cac huyen : Ch mi, An Phu, Tan Chau, Phu Tan, Chau Phu, Tnh Bien, Tri Ton,Chau Thanh, Thoai Sn.Dan toc : Viet (Kinh), Khmer, Cham, Hoa...An Giang la mot tnh mien Tay Nam bo thuoc ong bang song Cu Long, bat aut cho song Me Kong chay vao nc ta c chia lam oi. Pha ong va ong bacAn Giang giap ong Thap, pha ong nam giap Can Th, pha nam va tay namgiap Kien Giang, pha tay giap Cam Pu Chia. Khac vi cac tnh ong bang songCu Long, ben canh vung ong bang phu sa, An Giang con co mot mien nui nho,dai 30 km, rong 13 km. o la am bay nui (That Sn) cac huyen Tnh Bien, TriTon. Pha tay tnh chay song song vi bien gii la kenh Vnh Te, c ao nam1823 noi t Chau oc en Ha Tien.An Giang nam trong vung kh hau nhiet i gio mua, nhiet o trung bnh 27C,cao nhat t 35 - 36C vao thang 4 va thang 5, thap nhat t 20 - 21C vao thang 12va thang 1. Lng ma trung bnh 1400 - 1500 mm, co hai mua ro ret, mua ma tthang 5 en thang 11, mua kho t thang 12 en thang 4 nam sau. Hang nam AnGiang van on nhan con nc lu khoang t 2,5 thang en 5 thang va hnh thanh"mua nc noi".An Giang la tnh ng au ca nc ve san lng lua (tren 2 trieu tan), ngoai caylua con trong bap, au nanh va nuoi trong thuy san nc ngot nh ca, tom... AnGiang con noi tieng vi cac nghe thu cong truyen thong nh lua Tan Chau, mamChau oc, moc ch Thu, banh phong Phu Tan, kho bo va cac mat hang tieu dung.ac biet la nghe det vai thu cong lau i cua ong bao Cham va nghe nuoi ca beac trng cua vung song nc.Thanh pho Long Xuyen tren hu ngan song Hau, cach Sai Gon 189 km , chnh thanh vao au the ky 19. 16. 15An Giang c nhieu du khach biet en vi cac danh lam thang canh : Nui Sam,Chua Ba Chua X, nui Cam, he thong hang ong Thuy ai Sn, Anh Vu Sn, SnVien Co To.Sinh hot, kinh tDan chung sinh song trong tnh An Giang phan ln la ngi Kinh, ke en la ngiViet goc Khmer, goc Cham va goc Trung Hoa. Cac ton giao la ao Phat, Hoa Hao,Cao ai va Thien Chua.Nong nghiep la nghe can ban cua ong bao ta tai An Giang. Ngoai hoa mau chnhla lua gao, con co cac loai nong san phu ang ke la ngo, au xanh, cac loai rau,cac loai da, cau (na), chuoi, da, thuoc la, dau, thot not... ng thot not ratngon.Nui Ba The co mo vo so rat ln. Vo so tien dung trong nong nghiep va che bienthc an trong nuoi gia suc. Nui Sap co mo a hoa cng dung cho xay cat va trangthach dung lam o trang sc.Nhng vung gan song ngoi, kinh rach, dan ta hanh nghe anh ca, tom , nuoi vt valam nc mam, ca kho. Trc nam 1975, hai nghanh anh ca va nuoi gia suc phattrien manh trong tnh. Viec nuoi ca ao ho rat phat at, nhat la nuoi ca tra. acbiet, vung cu lao Ong Chng co rat nhieu ca, tom, nen mien Nam co cau ca dao :"Ba phen qua noi vi dieu.Cu lao Ong Chng co nhieu ca tom"."Ong Chng" la tieng goi tat chc "Chng dinh" cua ong Nguyen Hu Canh khiem quan i dep giac bien gii Viet - Mien, sau Mien Chua phai i cau hoa.ay la cu lao ln va tru phu nhat Long Xuyen, huyen Ch Mi sam uat nh mottnh l mien Tay. Ngoai ra nghe moc lam ban ghe, ong ghe tau va det vai cungrat thnh hanh.Rng nui Chau oc mang lai nhieu li ch cho tnh, at biet la go quy nh : gianghng, cao, go, mu u. Nui Sam va nui Tra S co a trang thach, a hoa cng vacac loai a dung trong cong nghiep. Nui Dai, nui Co To co mo a hat long lanhdung lam trang sc. a em lai nguon li rat ln cho tnh. Chau oc con co ongmat, ong ruoi em lai so lng sap ong, mat ong kha nhieu. Dan ta dung la cac 17. 16rng tram che bien dau nong. Vung rng That Sn co tren 150 loai cay lam thuocnam.Hai song Tien, song Hau Giang co nhieu ca va dan chung cung nuoi them ca ncngot ao ho. Rng tram co ca ong, ca linh lam nc mam ngon. Ai ve Chau occung phai thng thc tho san la mam Chau oc ngon noi tieng.Trong cac nganh nuoi gia suc, nghe nuoi bo thnh hanh nhat. Dan chung hp "chtrau bo" rat ong di chan nui Sam moi thang ba lan. Tuc ng co cau :"mam Chau oc, doc Nam Vang, bo Chau Giang, kinh Vnh Te".Chau oc co nhieu ao ho thien nhien. at biet la ho "Bung Bnh Thien" giaKhanh Bnh va Nhn Hoi, rong tren 300 mau, co nhieu tom ca.Ngoai ra dan chung con trong thuoc la, dau tam, det lua, nhuom hang va cacnghanh nghe tieu thu cong nghiep khac. Nghe trong dau nuoi tam quan TanChau kha pho bien. Viec nuoi tam rat cc khi tam an "an ba, an roi". Tuc ng cocau "lam ruong an cm nam, nuoi tam an cm ng" la vay. T lua lanh TanChau noi tieng khap ni.Lc sAn Giang thuoc Thuy Chan Lap, c vua Nac Ton dang cho chua Nguyen PhucKhoat (1738 - 1765) e en n lap mnh len vua va giup dep noi loan.Nam inh Su 1757, at An Giang thuoc ba ao : ao ong Khau (x Sa ec),ao Tan Chau (x Cu Lao Hau Giang) va ao Chau oc (x Chau oc HauGiang). Tat ca ba ao eu thuoc dinh Long Ho. Nam Ky, thi cac chua Nguyenc chia lam bon dinh, ba dinh kia la Tran Bien tc Bien Hoa, Phien Tran tcGia nh va Tran nh tc nh Tng. Nam 1805, Gia Long chia Nam Ky lamnam tran, luc o at An Giang va Vnh Long hop thanh tran Vnh Thanh.Nam 1832, Minh Mang oi cac tran thanh tnh va Nam Ky goi la Gia nh. AnGiang tr thanh tnh rieng gom hai phu Tuy Bien, Tan Thanh va bon huyen TayXuyen, Phong Phu, ong Xuyen va Vnh An di quyen cai tr cua tong oc An -Ha (An Giang - Ha Tien).Thi Phap thuoc, at An Giang b chia ra thuoc sau tnh mi : Long Xuyen, Chauoc, Bac Lieu, Soc Trang, Can Th va Sa ec. 18. 17Khi quan Phap tien chiem cac tnh mien Tay th ngi dan An Giang a theo haianh hung Vo Duy Dng va Tran Van Thanh khang chien. Cac on bot cua giacquanh vung Long Xuyen khong bao gi yen on vi cac cuoc tan cong cua nghaquan.Nam 1910 mot so nha cach mang ong Kinh Ngha Thuc b Phap ay an tr taimien Nam, trong so nay co hai ong Le ai, Dng Ba Trac b a ve Long Xuyen.Nhng sau o hai ong van b mat hoat ong, m trng day hoc, truyen ba tinhthan yeu nc en thanh nien.Nam 1914, anh hung Lng Ngoc Quyen xuong mien Nam e lien lac vi nhngngi yeu nc, ong vao Sai Gon roi xuong Long Xuyen tiep xuc vi ban cu laDng Ba Trac va gap ca ten Nguyen Ba Trac, ban hoc Nhat. Luc bay gi, tennay a len lut lam iem ch cho quan Phap; sau o, han a bao cho Phap channg Lng Ngoc Quyen bien gii Lao - Campuchia nhng khong thanh.Thang 8-1862, trieu nh T c nhu nhc muon hang quan Phap nen ra lenhChanh Quan C Tran Van Thanh (ngi lang Bnh Thanh ong, quan Chau Phu)mang quan i bat anh hung Vo Duy Dng. Thay v m cuoc hanh quan, ong enban dinh Thien Ho Dng mot mnh cho xem chieu ch va giup y kien chieu mothem ngha quan i ngay khi ngha. Nam 1863, anh hung Nguyen Hu Huan luiquan t nh Tng ve Chau oc, tiep tuc hoat ong, keu goi moi ngi tham giakhang chien.Thang 6 nam 1867, ai quan thuy bo cua De la Grandiere keo en tnh. Tong ocChau oc lap ke hoach bat coc bon quan Phap nhng that bai. Thanh Chau oclot vao tay giac. Anh hung Tran Van Thanh va e oc Van a ngha quan chiemgi vung Lang Linh lam can c "oan binh Gia Ngh", roi tien anh cac on traicua giac quanh vung Chau oc va Long Xuyen. Nam 1872, ong chiem khu rng"Bay Tha" (thuoc lang Tu Te), anh Phap quyet liet Tri Ton, Tnh Bien, ChacCa ao. Ngay 20 thang 2 nam 1873, nh Tran Ba Loc hng dan, ai binh Phaptan cong rng "Bay Tha", anh hung Tran Van Thanh va e oc Van t tran.Tren bc ng au tranh cu nc, nhieu nha cach mang a xuong cac tnhmien Nam va en Chau oc e lien lac vi nhng ngi yeu nc. Nam 1904, 19. 18anh hung Phan Boi Chau ghe quan Chau Phu; nam 1909, ong Cng e t MyTho en quan Tan Chau, roi sang Cao Lanh...Nam 1940, anh hng giao ly Phat giao Hoa Hao lan rong khap ni mien Nam,tr thanh mot phong trao quoc gia dan toc khien quan Phap nao nung. Chung lienbat c thay Huynh Phu So mang ve Sai Gon, sau o em ve quan thuc tai BacLieu. bat c au, c thay van tiep tuc truyen rong trong quan chung. au nam1945, sau khi Nhat ao chnh Phap, c thay thanh lap Viet Nam oc Lap ongMinh Hoi e tranh thu nen oc lap cho Viet Nam.Phong cnh, di tchKhu Du Lch Nui Cam (Huyen Tnh Bien) : Cach th xa Chau oc 30 km, la motngon trong day "That Sn" hung v cua An Giang, trong o co nui Cam cao 710 m.ng i len doc nui thoai mai de i, tren sn nui co nhieu canh ep nh suoiThanh Lang, ong Thuy Liem, hang Vo Bo Hong, vn cay an qua, ac biet khhau nui Cam rat mat me. en khu du lch nui Cam, du khach se c tham quanthang canh nui non, ho cha nc Otuka Sa, tham co xanh ti.Khu Du Lch Nui Sam : Di tch nui Sam thuoc xa Vnh Te, pha tay th xa Chauoc. T th xa Long Xuyen en th xa Chau oc 56 km theo ng lien tnh 10 i5 km na th en nui Sam. Nui Sam cao 284 m nam gia canh ong, co ng atrai nha dai 5 km cho xe chay vong quanh len tan nh nui. Nui Sam cung nuiBay la nhng cao iem an ng bien gii Campuchia. Nui thap co nhieu ngmon, nhieu nga len xuong, t cay co thu.Theo truyen thuyet, nui co nhieu linh hien, nen co nhieu chua th Phat a dnglen tai ay gan 2 the ky. ong bao khap ni ve ay cung le rat ong. Co en 200ngoi en, chua, am, va mieu nam rai rac chan nui, sn nui va ca tren nh.Tren nh co mot phao ai cu do Phap xay dng. ac biet di chan nui con colang Thoai Ngoc Hau tc Nguyen Van Thoai, mot tng trieu Nguyen co nhieucong c oi vi nhan dan a phng trong viec to chc ao cac con kenh quantrong trong tnh An Giang : kinh Vnh Te dai 90 km noi song Hau en HngThanh (Ha Tien) o ra bien Thai Lan; kinh Chnh An noi song Hau qua song Tien.Tat ca nhng cong trnh quan trong ay eu hoan tat trc khi quan Phap xam lc 20. 19Nam Ky (1858).Nui Sam khong ch la canh ep thien nhien ma con gan lien vi nhieu di tch lchs a khac sau vao tam linh ngi dan ong bang Nam bo. Ni ay con co mieuth ba Chua X, chua Tay An, lang Thoai Ngoc Hau, vn Tao Ngo, oi BachVan... ay la khu du lch noi tieng ca vung Nam bo.Di Tch Lch S Quan C Tran Van Thanh : en th quan c Tran Van Thanhthuoc xa Thach My Tay, huyen Chau Phu, nam gia ong lua Lang Vinh, ben bkinh Xang Vinh Tre (kinh Tri Ton), cach thanh pho Long Xuyen khoang 50 km.en th do ong Tran Van Nhu, con trai ca ong Tran Van Thanh ng ra xay dngnam 1897, sau 20 nam t ngay ong Tran Van Thanh hy sinh trong mot tran chienau chong quan Phap. en th la ni tng nh ngi lanh ao cuoc khi nghaLang Linh - Bay Tha vao nam 1867 - 1873 va con la ni tap hp nhan dan va tnhu ao Bu Sn Ky Hng e ch thi c anh Phap.Lang Thoai Ngoc Hau : La cong trnh o so nhat chan nui Sam (Chau oc - AnGiang). Khu lang co en th ong Thoai Ngoc Hau, mo ong cung hai phu nhan.Thoai Ngoc Hau ten that la Nguyen Van Thoai (1761 - 1829), mot danh tng noidanh cua trieu Nguyen. Ong sinh ngay 25-11-1761 tai Dien Phc, Tnh QuangNam, c phong tc Ngoc Hau va mat ngay 06-06-1829. Ong la ngi a chhuy ao kenh Vnh Te, kenh Thoai Ha... e phat trien nong nghiep va m ngt Chau oc i nui Sam, Chau oc i Lo Go va Soc Trang. Ong co cong ln trongviec m mang khai pha nhieu vung at pha Tay Nam to quoc.Toan bo khu lang tam ket thanh mot khoi kien truc hai hoa, bao boc xung quanhla bc tng day eu an cac bac xay bang a ong. Khu chnh gia gom lang mocua hai ba v. Ben phai khu mo la nhng ngoi mo vo danh cua dan cong khi theoong khai hoang, lap ap, ao kenh Vnh Te.Ngoai ra, sau phan mo cua Thoai Ngoc Hau co tam bia "Vnh Te Sn" bang a sathach, khac 730 ch c dng t nam 1828, 4 nam sau khi ao kenh Vnh Te.Lang Thoai Ngoc Hau c hoan thanh vao cuoi nhng nam 20 cua the ky 19.Trai qua bao nam thang, lang van con net uy nghi diem le, la mot cong trnh kientruc nghe thuat mang nhieu y ngha lch s. e ghi cong n Thoai Ngoc Hau, 21. 20hang nam en ngay 6-6 am lch, nhan dan quanh vung en lam le tng niem ong.Chua Tay An : T th xa Chau oc nhn ve hng tay thay mot ngon nui caokhoang 248 m goi la nui Sam cach th xa 5 km. en chan nui Sam, nhn len channui la thay mot ngoi chua mang dang dap cua nhng ngoi chua An o co kientruc hai hoa vi canh ch thien nhien, tao mot ve ep long lay o la chua Tay An.Chua Tay An co t do mot v quan trieu Nguyen i Minh Mang (1820) la tongoc Nguyen Nhat An xay dng theo li nguyen cua ong khi c trieu nh phaii Cao Mien. Theo li nguyen nay, neu ong i thanh cong, khi ve se dng motngoi chua th Phat tai chan nui Sam. Cat chua xong, ong thnh v hoa thng autien la Nguyen Van Giac, phap hieu la Hai Tnh en tru tr. Nam Thieu Tr th 7(1847), chua lai thnh them mot v hoa thng na ten la oan Minh Huyen, phaphieu la Phap Tang en tru tr. V hoa thng sau nay ngoai viec tu hanh con co tailam thuoc tr benh cho nhan dan rat hieu qua nen sau khi ong mat, ong bao suyton hoa thng vi danh hieu la Phat thay Tay An va danh hieu nay van c goien ngay nay.Chua sa cha nhieu lan theo thi gian tru tr cua cac v hoa thng. Chua kientruc theo kieu An o vi cac vat lieu ben chac nh gach ngoi, xi mang. Chnhdien la ngoi chua, cao 18 m th tng Phat Thch Ca, con hai ben la lau chieng valau trong. Trc chua co ba vong ca : ca gia tam quan th tng Phat QuanAm, 2 ca hai ben co hai bang e "Tay An co t", ben trong ca tam quan la sanchua co mot cot phn cao 16 m. Di bac thang chua co uc bach tng va hactng, vai co ap hai v than tien ngoi tren mat trang li liem, 2 ben la hai hanhlang phan biet cho tn o nam n. Chua theo phai ai Tha, co ti 11.270 tngln nho lam bang go. Ngay ram thang gieng, thang 7 va thang 10 am lch la ngaynhan dan en cung le ong nhat.Chua Giong Thanh (Long Hng T) : Thuoc xa Long Sn, huyen Phu Tan. Chuac khi cong xay dng vao nam 1875 do hoa thng Tran Minh Ly ng ratrong coi. S d goi la chua Giong Thanh v chua nay c xay dng tren nen haothanh trc ay cua nha Nguyen. T nam 1875 en nay, chua a trai qua 4 lanxay dng tu bo lai. Nam 1970 la lan sa cha ln nhat gan ay va hoa thng 22. 21Chon Nh cho sa lai chua theo kien truc kieu An o. Xung quanh chua cay coixanh tot lam tang them ve co knh, trang nghiem.Chua Giong Thanh c cat theo ch "Song H" co 3 gian : chanh ien, nha giang,hau to. Gia chanh ien va hau to co 2 nha cau va song hanh. Chua lp ngoi, trencot chanh ien co ve rong. Tren noc chua co thap 2 tang hnh pheu. Gian chanhien th Phat Thch Ca, Ngoc Hoang va 2 ong Nam Tao, Bac au. Nha giang thPhat Mau : gian hau to th hoa thng Tran Minh Ly, Chon Nh va hoa thngNguyen Van ien. Hang nam, vao dp ram thang Gieng, ram thang 7, ram thang10 am lch co nhieu lt ngi en tham quan va le chua. Hien nay chua van gic ve ep nh xa do khong b chien tranh tan pha.Thanh ng Hoi Giao Ma Bu Rat (Chua Cham, Chau Giang) : Tnh An Giangco tren 12.000 ong bao thuoc dan toc Cham Thuat Hai, ngi Cham AnGiang eu theo ao Hoi. Trong khu vc ho c tru co rat nhieu chua ln nho -thng goi la thanh ng. Thanh ng Ma Bu Rat thuoc xa Phu Hiep, huyenPhu Tan, cach th xa Chau oc khoang 2 km va c xem la mot thanh ngtieu bieu cua ngi Cham An Giang. Thanh ng co loi kien truc oc ao.Hang nam co to chc 3 lan le ln : Le Haji vao ngay 10-12 hoi lch (3-7 dng lch). Le ra chay vao thang 9 hoi lch (27-4 dng lch). Le sinh nhat cua Mahamet (ngi sang lap ao Hoi).Trong nhng dp le ln nay, ca ong bao Viet (Kinh) cung ong bao Cham quanhvung ve ay hanh le rat ong vui.Cc dp l hiLe Hoi Ba Chua X (Le Va Ba) : ay la le hoi dan gian ln nhat cua Nam bo,c to chc hang nam bat au t em 23 en 27 thang 4 am lch. Khach hanhhng en le hoi co the i theo tnh lo so 10 t Long xuyen len Chau oc, re vao7 km roi ti nui Sam, hoac i bang ng thuy t Can Th, Soc Trang len hay tSai Gon xuong. Trong ngay le con co mua bong hat boi... T em 23 moi ngia tap ve chua e xem le tam Ba. Tng Ba c a xuong ci ao ra, lay ncma pha vi nc hoa e tam. Phong tuc nay a ton tai hang tram nam nay. 23. 22Le Va Ba hang nam thu hut rat ong khach thap phng en, va e tham d lehoi dan gian, xin cau tai cau loc, ong thi con e du ngoan, chiem ngng canhtr thien nhien tuyet ep cua nui Sam, cua cac di tch nh lang Thoai Ngoc Hau,chua Tay An.Hoi en Nguyen Trung Trc : en Nguyen Trung Trc xa Long Kien, huyenCh Mi. Ong la thu lnh ngha quan chong Phap Nam bo, vi chien thang vangdoi la a anh chm mot tau cua Phap tren song Nhat Tao (the ky 19). Le hoi mra vao ngay 18, ngay 19 thang 10 am lch hang nam e tng niem va ghi nhcong lao cua ong. Sau le cung va le tng niem la en muc dien lai tran anh contau tren. Hoi thng to chc chi c tng, bi thuyen va nhieu tro vui khac.Le Hoi Chol ChNam Thmay : La le nam mi, le Tet ln nhat cua ngi KhmerNam bo (tng t nh Tet Nguyen an cua ngi Viet), c to chc vao ngay 12,13, 14 thang 4 am lch tai chua va gia nh. Le hoi co y ngha tong tien muanang han, bc sang thi ky co ma e lam mua. Ba con lam le tien a Teveda(Than coi soc) cu, on Teveda mi. Trong dp nay, ngoai cung le ba con tham hoicon chuc mng lan nhau. Buoi toi co ot phao thang thien, tham d cac tro chinh tha dieu, anh quay la... Trai gai trong lang mua Roam Vong, hat Du Ke...Le on Ta (Le Cung Ong Ba) : Le on Ta c to chc t ngay 1 en 15 thang10 am lch tai vung ong bao Khmer Nam Bo sinh song. ay la ngay le ong ba(nh Tet Thanh Minh cua ngi Viet). Trong nhng ngay le nay, nhan dan mangbanh tet, hoa qua, cm canh en le chua. Sau o to chc an uong tai gia nh.Le Hoi Hat Gi (Haji hay con goi Roya Hadji) : La le hoi cua cong ong ngiCham theo ao Hoi, cac tnh An Giang, Tay Ninh, ong Nai, th thng eAllah. Le c to chc t ngay 7 en 10 thang 12 (hoi lch) tai cac thanh ngHoi giao. Hang nam An Giang le hoi Hat Gi dien ra tai chua Cham Chau Giangxa Phu Hiep, huyen Phu Tan.Vao ngay le, toan the tn o phai lang nghe ong Khojip noi lai s tch ngay thanhLbrohim. Buoi toi, to chc cuoc thi oc kinh Coran va cham giai nhat cho ai ochay va thong suot. Sau phan hanh le, ngi Cham thng to chc cac cuoc vuichi, sinh hoat van hoa the thao nh ca hat, ua ghe... Giong nh Tet cua ngi 24. 23Viet, ay la dp e moi ngi tham vieng, vui chi va chuc mng, cau nguyenieu lanh cho nhau.Le Hoi ua Bo Cua Dan Toc Khmer : Le hoi ua bo keo ba truyen thong la netsinh hoat van hoa oc ao cua ngi Khmer 2 huyen Tnh Bien va Tri Ton, ninuoi nhieu bo lam sc keo nhat tnh An Giang. San ua bo thng la mot khuat rong khoang 60 m va dai khoang 170 m, c bao bi b at cao, ong thi lani danh cho khan gia ngoi hay ng. Pha di la ng ua dai khoang 90 m,rong khoang 4 m, hai au at iem xuat phat va ch en.Vao ngay hoi, tng oi bo c ach vao mot chiec ba at biet, gong ba la banap gom 1 tam go rong 30 cm, dai 90 cm, ben di la rang ba. Moi oi bo ceu khien bang 2 nai : nai chnh va nai phu. Nai chnh eu khien ua bo ngtren ban ap, cam cng va gay thuc bo chay nhanh. Trc va sau moi lt uabo, bo c san soc can than. Le hoi ua bo c to chc vao le on Ta (le cungong ba), ngay cuoi cung cua thang 10 am lch cua Khmer (nam 1998 tng ngvi ngay chu nhat 20-09-1998 dng lch,trc chua Khmer Cot Romiet thuoc xaLng Phi, huyen Tri Ton). 25. 24B Ra Vng TuDien tch : 1965 km.Dan so : 839.000 ngi (2001).Tnh l : Thanh pho Vung Tau.Th xa : Th xa Ba Ra.Cac huyen : Chau c, Xuyen Moc, Tan Thanh, Long at, Con ao.Dan toc : Viet (Kinh), Hoa, Khmer.Ba Ra -Vung Tau giap tnh ong Nai pha Bac, giap tnh Bnh Thuan phaong, giap huyen Can Gi cua Sai Gon pha Tay, con lai pha Nam va ongNam giap bien. a hnh cua tnh bao gom nui, oi, ong bang nho va cac oi cat,dai cat chay vong theo b bien. at Chau Thanh la vung phu sa cu, t doc. Haihuyen Long at, Xuyen Moc la vung ong bang va oi nui ven bien.Ba Ra -Vung Tau thuoc vung kh hau nhiet i gio mua. Nhiet o trung bnhhang nam 27C, t gio bao, giau anh nang. Ba Ra -Vung Tau co chieu dai b bienphan at lien 100 km, trong o 72 km la bai cat co the s dung lam bai tam).Them luc a tnh tiep giap vi quan ao Trng Sa, ni ay cha ng hai loaitai nguyen cc ky quan trong la dau mo va hai san.Ba Ra - Vung Tau co nhieu ho cha nc loai ln nh Kim Long, a en, aBan, Chau Pha, Song Soai, Lo O, Suoi Giau... Nhieu song nh song Ray, song Baap, song ong..., va co tren 200 con suoi, ac biet suoi nc nong Bnh Chaunong 80C la mot tai nguyen nc khoang qu. Thanh pho Vung Tau co bon ngonnui chnh : Nui Hon Sup cao 250 thc, nui Tng Ky (con goi la nui Ln) cao249 thc, nui Vung May cao 240 thc va nui Tao Phung (con goi la nui Nho)cao 170 thc. Ngoai hai ngon nui ke tren cau tao bi 521 mau a, phan at conlai cua Vung Tau c cau tao bi mot lp cat that sau, du ao gieng sau ti aucung ch thay toan la cat. Phan nhieu nc gieng eu co chat phen, muon uongphai qua he thong loc.Thanh pho Vung Tau co mot day oi cat nam song song vi bai bien hngong - Nam (tc bai Thuy Van), chay t chan nui Tao Phung en ca Lap vichieu dai khoang 10 cay so. oi cat cao nhat la 32 thc nam trong phng 26. 25Thang Nht, oi thap nhat cao bon thc phng Thang Tam. Nhng hangdng lieu c trong doc theo cac day oi cat theo b bien va lam tang ve epthien nhien va e can bt cac tran gio bien t hng ong Nam thoi cat lan vaoong bang, giup cho hoa mau trong trot tren at lien b thiet hai. Ngoai ra, convai oi cat nam rai rac gia khu pho Thang Nht va Phc Thang.Song ln nhat cua thanh pho la song Dinh, dai 11 cay so, nam ve pha Tay Bac.Pha ong Bac co rach Cay Khe dai sau cay so. Rach ba nam chnh gia thanhpho, lam ranh gii cua hai khu pho Thang Nht va Phc Thang, dai gan 8 cay so.Tai khu pho Thang Nh, pha Nam cu lao Ben nh co rach Ben nh. Ve phaong khu pho Phc Thang, ni ca Lap, co ba con rach dan nc vao thanh phola rach Suoi Nc, rach Song Cai va rach Ong Nam.Thanh pho co nhieu bng sen kha ln (bng la vung am lay nc ong, at t cathoac khong co cat), rong 406 mau, chay dai t chan nui Tao Phung thuoc khu phoThang Tam en trung tam khu pho Thang Nht va ke t o, cac bng sen nayc noi tiep bi rng ban chay en rach Cay Khe.B bien Vung Tau co cac nui Nghnh Phong, mui a va nhieu bai bien noi tiengnh : bai Thuy Van (bai Sau), bai Thuy Dng (bai hang Da, bai Trc), baiPhng Thao (bai Dau), bai Hng Phong (bai Da), bai Vong Nguyet (bai OQuan mui Nghinh Phong) va bai Lang Du. T bai Vong Nguyet nhn ra b bienco hon Bong ao (hon Ba). Vung Tau la ca ngo trc khi vao vung Ganh Rai.Vung Tau la mot trung tam du lch ln. S ket hp hai hoa gia quan the thiennhien bien, nui cung kien truc o th va cac cong trnh van hoa nh tng ai,chua chien, nha th v.v... tao cho Vung Tau co u the cua thanh pho du lch bientuyet ep, ay quyen ru. Vung Tau khong co mua ong, do vay cac khu ngh matco the hoat ong quanh nam.Vung Tau co nhieu bai bien ep nh bai sau (Thuy Van), bai trc (Tam Dng),bai dau (Phng Thao), bai da (Hng Phong),... va nhieu di tch, thang canhnh Hai ang tren nui Nho, nui Ln, Bach Dinh, Niet Ban Tnh Xa, Thch CaPhat ai, nha ln Long Sn... a thu hut nhieu khach. Tnh Ba Ra Vung Tau co 4khu vc co tiem nang ln trong s nghiep phat trien du lch : 27. 26- Thanh pho Vung Tau hien nay la mot trong mi trung tam du lch ln cua VietNam.- Vung rng quoc gia Con ao.- B bien Long Hai va vung nui Minh am.- Vung rng nguyen sinh Bnh Chau, Phc Bu va suoi nc khoang nong BnhChau. ay, du khach co the bach bo, leo nui, tam bien, vui chi giai tr.Sinh hot, kinh ta so ong bao sinh song tai Vung Tau la ngi Kinh, ch co mot so t la ngiViet goc Cham. Cac ton giao chnh la ao Phat, Thien Chua, Cao ai, th cungTo tien, ong ba.at Vung Tau nhieu cat, t phu sa, nen khong thch hp cho viec trong lua. Cachoa mau khac gom co rau, ca, khoai m,... nhng cung ch cung ng cho toanthanh pho. Xom Ray Thang Tam chuyen san xuat rau cai. at cat Vung Taurat thch hp cho cac loai cay an trai nh mang cau, nhan, vu sa, xoai, man, oi...Dan chung Thang Nht va Phc Thang trong kha nhieu mang cau. Riengkhom Xom Vn lai trong nhieu xoai, nhan, da.Khoang 10% dan chung song vi nghe khai thac lam san, nhng ch lay c cacloai cay e lam cui, than ot. iem ac biet la Bng Sen san xuat c nhieunguon li nh bong sen, hot sen, la sen (dung goi thc an), ngo sen (lam da sen),ca ong, ln, ech, cay bon bon, da nc, co nang, co ong... Cay bon bon, la giadung dng vach, lp nha; bon bon non lam da an ngon nh da ngo sen vay. Conang, co ong nhieu nuoi trau bo an quanh nam khong het.Nganh anh ca tai Vung Tau bat au phat trien. Mot phan t dan chung songbang nghe nay. Thanh pho co ba ben ca ln la ben bai Cau a, ben Thang Nh(ben a) va ben Rach Da. Trong so nay, Ben Thang Nh sam uat hn ca. Ngoaira, dan chung con sinh song bang cac nganh du lch, thu cong nghe (cham tro, snmai, kim hoan, ac san ky niem lam bang vo so oc...), lam nam ruoc. Mam ruocVung Tau ngon co tieng, noi danh nhat thi trc co mam Ba Giao Thao, Ba BoChau...Lc s 28. 27Vao the ky th 15, khi vua Le Thanh Tong thu phuc at Bon Man, Lao Quava Chiem Thanh th cac thng thuyen Bo ao Nha a cap neo Vung Tau,ngi Bo goi ni nay la Cinco Chagas Verdareiras. Ti the ky 17, 18, cac chuaNguyen lay at Nam Ban, Thuy Chan Lap, nhan at dang cua Mac Cu (1714)m rong at ai en Chau oc, Ha Tien. i Gia Long, hai tac Mai Lai va Tau Othng khuay pha nhng thuyen buon ngi Viet lu thong gia b bien Trungphan vi Sai Gon. Trieu nh c ba ao quan en ong mui Vung Tau va atten cho dinh trai au tien la Phc Thang. Cho en nam 1822, giac cp bienkhong con dam heo lanh vung nay na. e thng cong, trieu nh cho ba v oitrng giai ngu va cai quan ba vung at e khai pha, lap nghiep. Ong Pham Vaninh coi lang Thang Nht, ong Le Van Loc gi lang Thang Nh va ong Ngo VanHuyen ieu hanh lang Thang Tam. Tuy nhien, dan chung trong ba lang cung lapthanh luy e ngan nga giac cp tr lai. Ba lang nay thuoc tran Bien Hoa.en i Minh Mang oi cac tran thanh tnh va Vung Tau thuoc huyen Phc An,phu Phc Tuy, tnh Bien Hoa. Qua hoa c Nham Tuat 1862, trieu nh T cgiao ba tnh Bien Hoa, Gia nh va nh Tng cho quan Phap. Tnh Bien Hoachia thanh ba tnh la Ba Ra, Bien Hoa va Thu Dau Mot; trong o, Vung Tauthuoc Ba Ra. Ngay 1-5-1895, Phap tach Vung Tau khoi Ba Ra e lap tnh th 21,gom cac xa : Thang Nht, Thang Nh, Thang Tam va Sn Long. Rieng quan CanGi co cac xa : Can Thanh, Long Thanh, ong Hoa, Thanh An va Tan Thanh(nam tren cu lao Phu Li, canh khu Rng Sac) cung thuoc tnh Vung Tau.Sach ai Nam Nhat Thong Ch co noi ve a danh Vung Tau, dch t ch ThuyenUc. Thuyen co ngha la ghe tau, Uc la ni nc an thong vao at lien. ay lavung cho ghe thuyen lanh bao. Trc ay, mot so ngi thng goi O Cap laVung Tau. Ve a ly th khong ung. Thi Phap thuoc, chung oi ten cu CincoChagas cua Bo ao Nha thanh Saint Jacques, roi at ten la "mui at SaintJacques", tieng Phap la "Cap Saint Jacques". Tay hay noi "au Cap" nen co ch "OCap" la vay. Mui at nay chnh la mui Nghinh Phong (Tay dch la Au Vent).Ngay 9-2-1859, ham oi quan Phap va Tay Ban Nha en trc Vung Tau. Sanghom sau, quan thong che trieu nh la Tran ong ra lenh thuy luc quan chuan b 29. 28nghinh chien oan tau cua giac tien vao at lien. Khi en ca Vung Tau, giac tancong bang ai phao nh ma vao cac cong s cua ta. Thong che Tran ong ahang tram chiec thuyen va hang ngan quan s ra chong c rat manh liet. enchieu, v hoa lc cua ch qua manh va v Tran ong t tran, ca Vung Tau bxuyen thung. Ngay 11-2, thuyen giac tien vao ca Can Gi, bat au ke hoachanh chiem tnh Gia nh. Khi giac at chan len at Vung Tau, ong bao lang xaa theo nha cach mang Le Tan Thong khang Phap.Nam 1888, khi ong Khanh mat, con Duc c la Bu Lan b Phap ep len ngoi lavua Thanh Thai, luc ong 18 tuoi. Vua to y kien cng lam Phap rat kho chu vathng b mat lien lac vi cac nha cach mang trong Phong Trao ong Du, khuyenkhch viec a thanh nien ra nc ngoai hoc hoi e dung vao viec ai s ve sau.Nam 1907, giac Phap do biet c viec nay ben ep vua thoai v va a vao VungTau giam gi Bach Dinh (dinh Ong Thng) en 1915 th kn ao a vua i antr tai ao Reunion, Phi Chau. en thang 5-1947, Phap tha ong ve nc va laigiam ong tai Vung Tau, mai thang 3 nam 1953 mi c ve tham Hue va tr vaoSai Gon, en thang 3 nam 1954 th mat.Phong cnh, di tchBai Sau (bai Thuy Van) : Bai Sau nam pha ong Nam thanh pho Vung Tau,chay dai tren 8 km t chan nui nho en ca lap. ay la bai tam ep, rong va noitieng cua Viet Nam. Khach du lch trong va ngoai nc thng en tam. Bai Sauthng ong vui nao nhiet nhat trong so cac bai bien Vung Tau.Bai Trc (bai Tam Dng) : Nam ngay trung tam thanh pho Vung Tau, doc theong Quang Trung. ay la bai tam kha sach, ep va mi c m rong. Nhieukhach san ln sang trong nh: Palace, Rex, Song Hong, Song Hng, Royal, nhahang giai khat ong a... tap trung khu vc bai Trc. T bai Trc theo ngHa Long mi m, qua bai Da hoac theo ng Hoang Hoa Tham ban co the tibai Sau (bai Thuy Van).Bai Nghinh Phong (bai O Quan) : Co ngha la "on gio" hng cc nam cuathanh pho Vung Tau, gan bai Da. Bai tam hep, nc luc nao cung sach, song giodon dap, ba pha vach a cheo leo, ke tiep vi mui Nghinh Phong hung v nho ra 30. 29bien ong. ay la ni hen ho cua nhng du khach co thu vui cau ca va a maohiem.Bai Da : Nam khoang gia cua bai Trc va bai Sau ben chan nui nho, ganmui Nghinh Phong. Trc kia co nhieu cay da gai moc xen ben b a nen cgoi la bai Da, tam bien bai Da song em, an toan va t ay du khach de dangi tham khu du lch tng Chua Kito va phao ai tren nui Nho.Bai Dau : Nam ven nui Ln va cach bai Trc ba cay so. Bai hep, nong nhngthi trc c gi sach se. Hai au bai co nhieu mom a ln nho nho ra, sau lngla vong chao co cay coi um tum bao boc bi trien nui ln cao vut. T bai PhngThao nhn len nui Ln se thay tng c Me, cao nam thc hai mi, ng trenbuc thach cao mot thc mot, gia canh nui rng hung v.Hon Ba : pha Tay - Nam Con ao, co mot doi at quay ve hng Bac, tren comot tang a giong hnh ngi an ba oi khan. Tng truyen, vao nam 1873,Nguyen Anh b quan Tay Sn anh uoi khoi Gia nh, Anh phai em v con vaoan tuy tung ra Con Sn tru ngu; sau khi tr lai at lien a e ba Phi YenNguyen Th Thanh, mot phi tan tnh tnh cng trc. Dan ta nh en ba v ba langi a thang than can ngan Nguyen Anh khong nen cau vien quan Phap va lamtay sai cho giac nen b bo lai ao. Trc nam 1945, dan chung lap mieu th baPhi Yen hon Ba, con mo c an tang hon Cau.Nui Na : Quan the nui Na va khu di tch nha Ln ( en Ong Tran) la mot thangcanh oc ao cua xa Long Sn (Vung Tau). ve pha ong cua ao tren day nuidai tren 6 km, be ngang cho rong nhat 2 km, co nhng tang a ln vi muon hnhmuon ve, lo ra chi vi gia tri may va nhieu cot a choc thang len tri. Caonhat la nh Ba Trao 138 m, nh Ho Rong 120 m, va pha Nam co nh Ho Vongcao hn 100 m.Tren nh Ba Trao co cot a cao 5 m goi la Hon Mot. Vao dp le hoi du khach titham quan Hon Mot le thnh cau Thien a va co the phong tam mat bao quat camot vung tri at, bien khi. Di chan pha Tay Nui Na la ho cha nc ngotMang Ca, ni trong nhieu hoa sen toa hng thm ngat va pha ong la en ongTran. 31. 30Cong trnh kien truc Nha Ln (en Ong Tran) : La mot quan the kien truc co uynghi be the, toa lac tai thon 5, xa Long Sn, gia khu dan c theo tn ngng OngTran, ngi sang lap ra tn ngng va tao dng khu dan c mi ap Ba Trao tai aonay t nam 1898. Nha ln rong hn 2 ha gom 3 phan : khu en th, nha Long SnHoi, trng hoc, day pho, ch, nha hat, nha bao ton ghe sam; lang mo Ong Tran.Khu en c xay dng t nam 1910 en 1935, lam ni th cung chung (to nhao giao) co tam quan, vn hoa, tru phn, hai nha khach. Lau cam tien ien haitang 8 mai, nha thanh co ban th Khong T va ban th Ong Tran, lau Tri, lauTien, lau Phat (chnh ien). Nha hau th ngi ruot tht trong gia toc. Lau Dai lani le nghi hoi he. Ngoai ra con co nha kho, nha be, nha may en, ho cha ncma.Ni ay con lu gi nhieu bo su tap co vat qu bau : bo tu th can xa c chamkhac tinh xao 33 cai, bo ban ghe bat tien tng truyen cua vua Thanh Thai, longsang, ghe ngai, bao lam, hoanh phi, cau lien sn son thiep vang long lay, the hiennghe thuat ieu khac trang tr cua cac nghe nhan t nhieu ni tren at nc taien Ong Tran. Tn ngng en Ong Tran pha tap nhieu ao giao khac nhau :ao Phat, ao Tin Lanh, ao Nho, ao th ong ba to tien. Phat, Thanh Than euc th cung trong nha ln va tai cac nha dan. Tn ngng nay khong co kinh,chuong mo, an chay, kieng k, ch co li day cua c Ong Tran c truyen khautrong dan gian. Sau khi mat, ong c con chau a vao th cung trong Nha Ln.T o hang nam con chau va tn o to chc hai le hoi ln : cung Trung Cu (9-9am lch) va ngay va Ong (20-2 am lch).Thang canh Dinh Co : Dinh Co thuoc th tran Long Hai, huyen Long at, namben sn ngon oi nho, trc mat la bai cat dai va bien khi menh mong songnc. Dinh Co la mot kien truc hoanh trang in am mau sac van hoa dan gian.Dinh Co c xay dng vao cuoi the ky 18, th Le Th Hong. Tng truyen, cachay 2 the ky, mot co gai thon que la Le Th Hong, que Phan Rang, giau longnhan ai, t bi muon tm ni thanh vang song an dat. Chang may trong mot lan ibien co b lam nan tai Hon Hang khi va tron 16 tuoi. Ng dan a phng a antang co tren oi Co Sn va lap mieu th ngoai bai bien. T o co luon mong bao 32. 31iem lanh, diet tr dch benh nen c dan trong vung lap en th va at danhhieu la Long Hai N Than.Ban au Dinh Co ch la mot ngoi mieu nho, nam 1930 ng dan Long Hai a dimieu th len nui Ky Van - ni ma ngay nay Dinh Co ang toa lac, nam 1987 DinhCo c sa cha ln. Hien nay Dinh Co nh mot toa lau ai trang le, trangnghiem va be the. Ngoai ra con co cac mieu th Thanh Mau, Quan Thanh, BanThien, Ban Mau, Quan The Am Bo Tat va ngoi mo Co cach 1 km. Hang nam,le hoi Dinh Co vao cac ngay 10, 11, 12 thang 2 am lch, ay lai tng bng naonhiet on hang van du khach en hanh hng va thng ngoan phong canh.Bai tam Long Hai : cach thanh pho Vung Tau 30 km ve hng ong Bac. Canhthien nhien ay that th mong. Tren oi nui doc ven bien la rng cay xanh tot,pha di la bai bien Long Hai ep vi bai cat vang, chay dai, yen tnh danh chodu khach yeu bien nhng khong thch on ao. Trc mat la ai dng song vo,nhon nhp tau ghe qua lai. Pha Tay la thanh pho Vung Tau bon mua ong khach.Pha Tay Bac la day nui cao co rng cay bao phu la khu di tch lch s can cMinh am noi tieng mot thi.Suoi Tien : cach th xa Ba Ra 7 km ve pha Tay Bac, thuoc huyen Tan Thanh.Suoi a, Suoi Tien eu bat nguon t nh nui Dinh cao 491 m do nhng dong suoinho men theo cac doc nui, sn oi hp thanh, chay uon ln ven rng. T trencao suoi o xuong hai ben sn nui a, chay quanh co qua cac canh ong lua HoiBai roi chay ve vnh Ghenh Rai Hoa. Hai ben b cua dong suoi la muon vannhng mom a mang hnh thu oc ao.ay la mot thegii cua a, co nhng hon a cao t 3 m en 5 m, co nhng thachban phang l nam nghieng kha rong, ban co the dng chan ngoi ngh. T suoi aen suoi Tien phai vt qua 600 m ng rng quanh co, du khach nh en niyen tnh, lang mang, ni xa cac tien ru nhau xuong tam trong dong suoi mat,gia mot vung nc non ky v, sn thuy hu tnh. Suoi a, suoi Tien cha ve ept nhien, hoang s ma ky thu lam say am nhieu du khach moi khi at chan en.Suoi nc nong Bnh Chau : T huyen Xuyen Moc, theo lo 23 i khoang hn 29km se ti khu du lch suoi nc nong Bnh Chau. Gia ngut ngan mot vung rong 33. 32hn 7000 ha rng nguyen sinh, rng cam quoc gia, noi len mot bau nc nong vihn 70 iem phun nc lo thien. Vung co nc nong hoat ong rong khoang hn 1km, gom co nhieu ho ln, nho tao thanh cac dong chay vi lu lng nho. Vungho rong nhat la khoang 100 m vi o sau hn 1 m. ay la iem nong nhat, ncluc nao cung sui tam, boc hi tao thanh mot noi xong hi thien nhien khong lo.Nhiet o tang mat nc khoang tren 64C, ay nc la 84C. Nhng cho nong,nc ch nong khoang tren 40C, co the ngam chan, tay e cha benh. ieu hapdan, thu v la tai khu vc nc nong nay rng cham lai van xanh ti, mot loai core chum, la cng van song cung nam thang tao them ve ep ky thu cua thiennhien. ay la iem du lch rat hap dan oi vi du khach yeu thien nhien va muoni du lch ket hp vi ngh ngi va cha benh.Thac Song Rai : Thuoc xa Tha Tch, quan Xuyen Moc. Thac Song Rai giavung rng nui am u, gom ba thac ln va nhieu thac nho. Thac ln nhat rong vacao hn 10 thc. Tieng nc chay vang rat xa.Bai Nc Ngot : Cach Long Hai bon cay so. ng t Long Hai en bai NcNgot i ngang qua nhieu khu vn ep, thay nui, song bien rat rao. Bai NcNgot khong ln nhng xinh xan, nen th.Hon Hai Ngu : T cong chnh cua Bach Dinh nhn ra bien co hon a rat ln nhcon trau am mnh di nc, nen c goi la Hai Ngu hay hon Trau. Canh vatchung quanh thanh nha, tieng song nc rat rao. Nhieu ngi thng cau ca ay,hay theo cac ket a bat cua...Con ao : Huyen ao Con ao (con goi la Con ao, Con Lon) la mot quan aongoai bien ong Hai, gom 14 hon ao ln nho, cach thanh pho Sai Gon 280 cayso va cach Vung Tau 180 cay so ve hng Nam. Dien tch Con ao khoang 67cay so vuong. Trong quan ao nay co ao Con Non ln nhat, dai 15 cay so, chorong nhat chn cay so, ni hep nhat co ba cay so. Hon ao ln th nh la BayCanh (c goi nh vay v ao co bay mui nhon nho ra) va cach th tran Con Snbay cay so. Pha ong co cac hon Cau, hon Tai Ln, hon Tai Nho, hon Tho, honBong Lang; pha Tay co cac hon Ba, hon Tre Ln, hon Tre Nho, hon Vung, honTrai. Xa hn ve pha Tay la hon Trng Ln, hon Trng Nho. Hnh the ao Con 34. 33Non phan ln la nui cao t 200 thc en 600 thc. Nui inh cao nhat 690 thc.Kh hau ni ay co hai mua. Mua kho t thang Mi Mot en thang Ba, co giomua ong Bac. Mua ma t thang Nam en thang Chn, co gio mua Tay Nam.Gia hai thi ky gio mua la thi ky chuyen tiep thng co gio nhe va song nho.Phng tien van chuyen duy nhat i en cac tnh trong at lien la ng thuy.Hau het dan chung c ngu tai Con Sn la ngi Kinh, lam nghe nong, trong hoamau va cay an trai. Da, mt va tieu c trong nhieu tren ao. Rng cung manglai mot so go tot nh gu, mun, sn, trac, dau, va cac ac san cua nhng vung corng tram, c. Hai hon ao Tre Ln va Tre Nho moc toan cay tre. Vung nui conhng to yen sao.V chung quanh ao la bien nen nguon li ve hai san kha nhieu nh tom, ca bien,hai sam, trai, oc, san ho, sa c, oi moi. ac biet hon Trai co rat nhieu con trai,oc, nhat la sa c. Hai nganh my nghe thnh hanh tren ao la nghe moc lam banghe, cham khac go va nghe che bien cac hai san lam o ky niem nh lc, vong,day chuyen (lam bang oi moi, vo oc...). Cuoi thang 12-1861, khi quan Phap emquan chiem ba tnh mien ong Nam Ky la Gia nh, Bien Hoa va nh Tng,th Pho e oc Bonard sai ai uy Lespes em thuy binh chiem Con Sn vao ngay9-12. oi au trc cac cuoc noi day ngay cang nhieu cua ngi Viet Nam, nam1862, Bonard ra lenh xay nha tu Con Sn e giam cam nhng ngi yeu nc.Rat nhieu anh hung, anh th a b giac Phap ay oa ni ay nh Tran Cao Van,Phan Chu Trinh, Nguyen Thuy, Ly Lieu, Pham Tuan Tai, Vo Hoanh... Nhng ditch lch s va thang canh Con Sn gom co : Vnh Ca Sau, cau Ma Thien Lanh,bai So au..... La quan ao gia bien, phong canh song nc Con Sn nen th vocung; b bien chung quanh ao ay san ho tuyet ep.An Sn Mieu : La mot ngoi mieu co tren ao Con Sn. Mieu c xay t nam1785, (sau o c xay dng lai vao nam 1958) e th ba Phi Yen, v cua chuaNguyen Anh (sau nay tr thanh vua Gia Long). Ngoi mieu nay rat linh thieng oivi nhng ngi dan tren ao va gan lien vi mot cau chuyen bi thng cua motphu n tai sac, giau long yeu nc. Nam 1783, sau khi thua quan Tay Sn,Nguyen Anh mang theo v, con va khoang 100 gia nh thuoc ha chay ra ao Con 35. 34Sn. Cung vi nhng ngi dan chai ang sinh song Con Sn, Nguyen Anh alap nen 3 lang la An Hai, An Hoi va Co Ong.e anh lai quan Tay Sn, Nguyen Anh d nh gi con ca la hoang t Canh itheo co ao Phap (Ba a Loc) sang Phap cau vien. Ba Phi Yen (Le Th Ram) lav th cua Nguyen Anh a can ngan chong, ng lam viec "cong ran can ga nha"e ngi i che trach. Nguyen Anh khong nhng khong nghe li khuyen cua bama con tc gian, nghi ba thong ong vi quan Tay Sn, nen nh giet ba. Nhquan than can xin, Nguyen Anh a tong giam ba vao mot hang a tren ao ConLon nho. Khi quan Tay Sn anh ra ao, Nguyen Anh bo chay ra bien. Hoang tCai (con goi la hoang t Hoi An), con ba Phi Yen luc o mi 4 tuoi co oi me icung. Trong cn tc gian Nguyen Anh a nem con xuong bien. Xac Hoang t Caia troi vao bai bien Co Ong. Dan lang a chon cat Hoang t.Ba Phi Yen, theo truyen thuyet c mot con vn va mot con ho cu ra khoihang va ve song vi dan lang Co Ong e trong nom mo Hoang t Cai. Mot lan, bke xau xuc pham ba a t t e thu tiet vi chong. Nhan dan tren ao vo cungthng tiec, a lap nen ngoi mieu e th ba. Nam 1861, Phap sau khi chiem aoa quyet nh di toan bo dan vao at lien e xay nha tu. Ngoi mieu b o nat.Nam 1958, nhan dan tren ao xay dng lai ngoi mieu tren nen cu.Bai Ho Tram : Con goi la bai be Thuan Bien, thuoc xa Phc Bu, quan XuyenMoc va noi lien vi hai bai bien Nc Ngot va Long Hai. Bai bien Ho Tram dai20 cay so, pha sau la rng phi lao rong hn nam mau tay. Canh thien nhien thanhtu.Thch Ca Phat ai : Cao sau thc hai mi, mat hng ve pha ong, ngoi xepbang tren mot toa sen cao bon thc, ng knh sau thc. Ben trong tng atba vien ngoc Xa Li. Cach tng o 50 thc la Bao Thap cao 19 thc hnh batgiac cung sn mau trang tuyet, ben trong an v 13 vien ngoc Xa Li. Tat ca cacvien ngoc Xa Li nay eu do cac nc Tch Lan, Mien ien va Thai Lan hientang. Bon goc Bao Thap co bon nh at bon chum at thnh tai Lumoini, Uruvila,Isipatana va Kusinara (ay la nhng ni c Phat an sanh, thanh ao, chuyenphap luan va nhap Niet Ban).Vn Loc Gia hnh bat giac, cao 15 thc, rong 10 36. 35thc, chanh ien hng ra ong Hai. Tren noc co uc hnh cay uoc tieu biencho uoc Tue. Ke o la Thap Nh Nhan Duyen xay 12 nac c can gach hoa ratep. Ben di xay hnh bon mat tc T Dieu e, nhac nh bon chan ly cua cPhat la "Kho e, Tap e, Diet e va ao e". Ben trong ngoi nha co xay motban th c Phat Thch Ca va nam v Kieu Tran Nh la cac e t au tien cuaNgai. Tam canh cua ngoi nha eu co ghi li Phat day chung sanh ap dung conng tam neo tc Bat Chanh ao (la chnh kien, chnh t duy, chnh ng, chnhnghiep, chnh mang, chnh tnh tan, chnh niem va chnh nh). Vn Loc Gia lani c Phat khai giang ao phap. Gan khu Thch Ca Phat ai co chua ThienLam T.Chua Quan The Am Bo Tat : Nam tren ng vong nui ln, cach bai Dau 500 m,c xay dng nam 1976. ay ch la mot ngoi chua nho nhng noi bat gia khuvc chua la mot pho tng Phat Ba Quan Am trang toat. Pho tng cao 16 m lambang xi mang cot thep sat theo hnh tng mot phu n hien hoa, c o, mathng ra bien, tay cam bnh Cam Lo, ng tren toa sen. ay la mot pho tngep va cung la iem tham quan cua khach du lch Vung Tau.Chua Co Long Ban : Con goi la chua Lang, thon Long Phng, th tran Longien, huyen Long at. Chua c xay dng vao nam 1845 theo kieu ch tam,trong mot khuon vien rong tren 3000 m vi nhieu cay cao ram mat, do Hoathng Hai Chanh, Bao Thanh chu tr au tien.Chua Long Ban co mot kien truc co, trang tr my thuat oc ao, at biet cac baolam cham hnh chim phung, hoa la va cac kham th cham rong phng, cac hoanhphi, cau oi cham khac tinh xao. Trong chua co nhieu tng Phat, Ngoc Hoang,Quan Thanh, 18 v La Han, Long Than, Ho Phap bang ong hoac go mt, motchuong ln cao 1,20 m, ng knh 0,80 m uc bang ong.Mo va en Chau Van Tiep : Tai xa Hac Lang co mo va en th ong Chau VanTiep, mot v danh tng thi Nguyen Anh anh nhau vi nha Tay Sn.en Ba Trao : Tai xa Sn Long, do Ong Tran xay khoang nam 1909 tren mot honao gan Rng Sat. Trong en co th c Khong T va sau nay th ca ngi xayen la Ong Tran (ten that la Le Van Mu, ngi goc Ha Tien, en Ba Ra khai 37. 36khan at ai va chieu dan lap ap). Khu vc en gom chanh dien va cac day nhadanh cho khach thap phng kha rong, chung quanh co cau, vn hoa, ho sen.Thien Thai T : Chua xay di chan nui Co Sn, nguy nga va kien co. Cach kientao cua chua khong cau ky va co knh nhng xay toan bang a hoa cng. Be hnhvuong cao tren hai thc, bon goc la bon cot va gia be co cay cot chnh thnam cao en tan noc chua. Bon pha cua cay cot chnh nay co at kham th PhatThch Ca, Phat Quan The Am, Phat Di a va Phat Chuan e. V co cay cot chnhnay ma ngi a phng quen goi la "chua Mot Cot".Cu Lien ai : Cach Thien Thai T khoang 300 thc, xay vao nam 1933, mophong theo loi kien truc en ai An o. Nen chua va tng lam bang a hoacng. Cau truc cua chua gom bon nha chuong bon goc ngoai ket hp vi motnhom nam can nha nho hn gia nh hnh hoa chanh. Tong cong la chn can nhanen c goi la "Cu Lien ai". Chanh ien th tng Phat Thch Ca kha ln.Chung quanh chua co ao sen hnh ban nguyet va vn hoa, canh tr that ep.Long Hoa T : Cach tnh l Phc Le nam cay so ri. Ngoi co t nay c lapnen tren 100 nam va c trung tu nhieu lan. Chua gom ba chanh ien ln thPhat. Pha sau chua, tren mot tang a ln co ngon thap co bon tang.Chua An Hai : trong th tran Con Sn. Chua th Phat va ba Phi Yen.ien Ba : Xay tren nhng tang a rat ln ng cheo leo trien nui ln pha beninh. ien Ba xuat hien vao cuoi the ky 19. Khi thuy la mot mieu nho th thanHo, v ngay trc co mot con cop ln ve nam trong ket a ni ay va dan chunglap mieu th. Nam 1945, dan sung ao xay cat thanh ngoi ien th Phat, Ba NguHanh va Quan Thanh. Nam 1958, lai cat them ngon thap ba tng kha ep.Phc Lam T : Chua Phc Lam Thang Nh, cung c xay vao cuoi the ky 19.Chua cu c xay lai nam 1957, theo kien truc An o, nen lot a hoa. Chua co bathap chuong gia tren noc va co pho tng tam tay bang a ao c tren nui Ln.Mieu Nam Ba : bai Dau, cach mat lo khoang 500 thc hng tren mien nuiLn. ay la mot toa co mieu tren 100 nam, do cac ng phu dng len th ThanNgu Hanh (tc nam v than kim, moc, thuy, hoa, tho). Nam 1968, mieu c trungtu lai va th them mot pho tng Phat Quan The Am cao tren mot thc. Canh 38. 37mieu co gieng Ng. Tuc truyen rang khi Gia Long b quan Tay Sn anh thua ca Can Gi, chay an nup ni ay va ao c ba gieng nc ngot thoat nan.Lang Ca Ong : Thuoc khu pho Thang Tam, canh bai Thuy Van (bai Sau). Tuctruyen rang hn 100 nam trc, mot au ca Ong (ca voi) that to troi dat vao baiTrc. Dan chai li rat quy trong ca Ong ma ho tin la khong hai ngi, con haycu giup cac ng phu hoan nan ngoai khi. Khi thay au ca dat vao b to en noikhong the em len can, ng dan phai roc het tht, thao tng khuc xng khienglen cat mieu gan o e th. Roi 40 nam sau, mot con ca Ong khac a chet, dai 12thc, be ngang mot thc ri, troi vao bai Thuy Van. Dan chung keo xac caOng len chon cat t te tai khu at hien nay.Lang Ca Ong 100 nam trc ay rat s sai, nam 1911 c di ve Thang Tam vasau nay, lang c trung tu nhieu lan. Ben trong lang co ba ban th bang xi mang,cham tro cac hnh long, lan, qui, phung, ca hoa long... rat cong phu. Pha sau banth co ba tu knh ln, tu chnh gia ng xng au ca Ong vt c hn 100 namtrc, tu th hai ng xng ca Ong 40 nam sau o va tu con lai ng xng cacca Ong c nho.Tng Chua Jesus : Tng dng nam 1971 tren nh nui nho, tng cao 28 m,ng giang hai tay, mat hng ra bien, dng tren be cao 10 m. Trong long tngco mot cau thang xoay tron oc i t be len co tng gom 129 bac. Hai ben vaitng c thiet ke nh hai cai ban cong, moi ben co u cho cho chng 6 nging ngam canh Vung Tau.Bao nc cua Chiem Thanh : hai khu Thang Tam va Thang Nh co nhieu baonc ong quanh nam, reu phong co moc. Tuc truyen rang ngi Chiem Thanhtrc ay ao e cho voi va nga uong nc.Nhng khau ai bac : Khau ai bac th nhat bu ien thanh pho, ay la di tchcon lai khi ba oi quan cua trieu nh en Vung Tau ao hao, ap luy, at sungchong lai bon cp bien nam 1822. Ngoai ra con bon khau ai bac cua quan Phapthiet tr khi chung chiem Vung Tau. Bon khau ai bac khong lo, moi khau daitren mi thc, nang may ngan tan, nam tren nui Nho, di chan ngon hai ang(cao khoang 170 thc, xay nam 1870). 39. 38Bach Dinh (Villa Blanche) : Khi dng nam 1898, hoan thanh nam 1916 tren snnui ln, dung lam ni ngh ngi cho vien toan quyen Phap Paul Doumer. BachDinh co dang dap cua kien truc Phap cuoi the ky 19. Mat ngoai toa nha ctrang tr hoa van co xa va nhng hnh ve chan dung cac Thanh thi co Hy Lap.Ngay nay Bach Dinh tr thanh iem tham quan cua du khach trong va ngoai ncnh Than Thang Tam : c xay dng t i vua Minh Mang (1820 - 1840) thchung ba ngi co cong khai pha dng nen lang Thang Tam Vung Tau la PhamVan Dinh, Le Van Loc va Ngo Van Huyen. Luc au nh ch la nha tranh vach la,nam 1965 c trung tu mi nh hien nay. nh Than Thang Tam kien truc theoloi noi tiep : sau cong tam quan la mot day nha gom bon ngoi noi lien nhau bangmot loi i ben hong : nha Tien hien, hoi trng, nh trung, san khau vo ca. NgoiTien hien c lp ngoi am dng, tren mai co hnh "lng long chau nguyet"ap noi, au cac on tay, xa c, cot eu cham khac hnh rong, ben trong th ThoCong, Tien hien va Hau hien, Tien vang va Hau vang. Ngoi nh Trung bai trcac ban th Than Nong, Thien Y A Na, Ngu c, Thanh Phi, Tien hien, Hauhien... San khau vo ca la ni dien tuong, hat boi khi nh than co le hoi.Niet Ban Tnh Xa : Con co ten la chua Phat Nam, c xay dng nam 1969khanh thanh nam 1974, tren sn nui nho, mat hng ra bien, cach trung tamthanh pho khoang 2 km. Trong chua co tng Phat Thch Ca nam nghieng dai 12m at tren be cao 2,5 m. Tng c uc bang xi mang cot thep, ben ngoai la lpa cam thach lay t vung nui Ngu Hanh Sn.Hai ang Vung Tau : Co t nam 1907, nam 1911 c xay dng thanh thap tronco ng knh 3 m, cao 18 m, c at tren nh cao nhat cua nui nho (o cao 170m). Hai ang Vung Tau roi xa en 35 hai ly, co knh vien vong e theo doi vahng dan tau tren bien. Di chan thap en co bon co ai bac dai tren 10 m,nang hang tan. T tren thap Hai ang, du khach co the quan sat toan bo thanhpho Vung Tau va xa hn na nh Can Gi, Ba Ra... Hai ang la iem tham quancua nhieu du khach trong va ngoai nc.Cc dp l hiLe Hoi Dinh Co : Dinh Co la mot khu en co kien truc hoanh trang, vi nhng net 40. 39kien truc truyen thong, nam ben b bien Long Hai cua Ba Ra - Vung Tau. DinhCo th mot co gai giau long nhan ai, song an dat, trong mot lan ra bien a b nan.Hang nam le hoi Dinh Co c ng dan Long Hai to chc rat long trong theo nghithc co truyen trong 3 ngay, t ngay 10 en 12 thang 2 am lch. Cac bo lao caonien, le phuc trang nghiem lam chu le, cau cho ma thuan, gio hoa, quoc thai andan va sau o lam le Nghinh Co ngoai bien vi thuyen hoa long lay. Le hoi DinhCo mang am mau sac dan gian. Moi lan m hoi a thu hut hang van du khachen tham d le hoi va thng ngoan canh ep ni ay.Le Nghinh Ong (le th Ca Voi) : To chc cac lang chai trong tnh khi vao muaanh ca. Nghi le thc hien moi ni mot khac nhng bao gi cung co tiet mucrc Ong tren bien va sau o la to chc hat boi. Vung Tau, hang nam leNghinh Ong c to chc trong the nhat la tai lang Ca Ong ng Hoang HoaTham, thanh pho Vung Tau. ay la ni th Ca Ong, vi danh hieu "Nam Hai aiTng Quan"do vua Thieu Tr ban tang. Le hoi c to chc trung vi ngay va(ngay mat) cua Ca. Le hoi keo dai trong 3 ngay, t ngay 16 en 18 thang 8 amlch hang nam bao gom : le cung Ong, le Nghinh Ong bang nhieu ghe thuyentrang tr long lay, thap en sang trng. Le Ca Ong, cung Tien hien, te le Thanlinh, cung te c to chc trong nh lang...Le hoi nh Than Thang Tam : Theo truyen thuyet nh Than Thang Tam thchung ca 3 ngi a co cong xay dng nen ba lang Thang Vung Tau. Hang namle hoi nh Than Thang Tam c to chc trong 4 ngay, t ngay 17 en 20 thang 2am lch. ay la le hoi cau an, la thi iem ket thuc va m au cho mot mua thuhoach tom ca. Phan le dien ra rat cau ky : cung te, le vat te than, dang hng...phan hoi co nhieu tro vui chi giai tr nh mua lan, hat boi... Le hoi nh ThanThang Tam la mot hoat ong van hoa ac sac cua ng dan mien vung bien VungTau. 41. 40Bc LiuDien tch : 2485 km.Dan so : 756.800 ngi (2001).Tnh L : Th xa Bac Lieu.Cac huyen : Hong Dan, Vnh Li, Gia Rai.Dan toc : Viet (Kinh), Hoa, Khmer, Cham.Bac Lieu la mot tnh ong bang song Cu Long nam manh at tan cung cua toquoc. Pha bac giap Soc Trang va Can Th, pha ong giap bien ong, pha taygiap Ca Mau va Kien Giang.La vung at tre c khai m vao cuoi the ky 17 va c phu sa boi ap, BacLieu co nhieu canh ong lua bao la. Do hanh trnh cua dong hai lu bac nam, phusa don lai tao thanh nhng giong at cat, ni ay cay an trai sum se. Bac Lieu noitieng vi nhng vn nhan dai hang may chuc km, ma hng v cua no t ni naosanh c.Bac Lieu khong co nui ma ch co mot so vong at cao ben ong bang thap vinhieu kinh rach chay khap tnh. Cac kinh rach quan trong la kinh Ca Mau - GiaRai, song Co Co, song Ganh Hao, kinh Quan Lo - Phung Hiep, kinh Quan Lo -Bac Lieu, kinh Quan Lo - Gia Rai, kinh Trem - Ho Phong, kinh Ganh Hao - GiaRai, kinh Canh Den - Quan Lo, rach Tra Nien...Con kinh ao Ca Mau - Gia Rai quan trong hn ca, t Ca Mau chay suot en tansong Vnh Li noi vao song Co Co, roi chia lam hai nhanh, mot nhanh re len SocTrang, nhanh con lai chay ra ca My Thanh. ay la con kinh huyet mach chuyench lua gao va hai san t Bac Lieu len Sai Gon.Th xa Bac Lieu c xay dng ben rach Bac Lieu, cach bien 10 km, la trung tamlua gao va au moi giao lu trong va ngoai tnh. T Bac Lieu i Sai Gon 280 km,i Soc Trang 50 km, i Ca Mau 69 km.at ai Bac Lieu mau m, dan c ong uc, phan ln song bang nghe trong lua,hoa mau, cay an trai, anh bat hai san va nghe lam muoi. Kh hau Bac Lieu cohai mua : Mua kho t thang Mi Mot en thang Chn, nhng cac thang T vaNam thng co ma; mua ma chnh thc t thang Nam en thang Mi. 42. 41Thi nha Nguyen, the ky 18, Bac Lieu thuoc phu Bai Xau, tnh An Giang. BacLieu c thanh lap muon hn cac tnh Nam ky khac. Tieu khu Bac Lieu chnh thanh t cuoi nam 1882 do thong oc Le Mery de Villers ky ngh nh laymot phan at cua hai tieu khu Soc Trang va Rach Gia.Ngay 20-12-1989, toan quyen Paul Doumer oi tieu khu thanh tnh Bac Lieu. BacLieu a co mot v tr kha quan trong trong chien lc khai thac va xay dng cuangi Phap. Bac Lieu von la x cua mot so ai ien chu Nam ky luc tnh, ma ennay van con kha nhieu dinh th, biet th theo loi kien truc phng Tay a tao choBac Lieu mot net ac thu rieng rat thu v.Sinh hot kinh tNgi Kinh song song trong tnh ong nhat, roi en ngi Viet goc Khmer va gocHoa. Dan ta theo cac ao Phat, Hoa Hao, Cao ai, Thien Chua, th phung Totien va Than thanh. Trc ay, ngi Trung Hoa t mien Hoa Nam en ay lapnghiep rat ong, phan ln la ngi Trieu Chau va Phuc Kien. V the, Bac Lieu vaBa Xuyen la ni hon hp ba trao lu van hoa Viet - Hoa - Mien rat sinh ong vaoc ao. Trong cau noi, nhieu luc co ca ba ngon ng.at Bac Lieu trong lua rat tot, nhat la hai vung ruong rong ln Vnh Li va GiaRai. Cac hoa mau phu ang ke la cac cay an trai nh da, da va nhan. Da ThiBnh kha noi tieng. Nhieu vn nhan moc nh rng keo dai hang tram cay so.Nhan Bac Lieu ngon nhat mien Tay, day cm, nc ngot lm ma hot rat nho.Bac Lieu do phu sa boi ap t nhieu the he trc nen rng sac co mat khap ni,gom cac loai cay ban, mam, c, cham, go tap, nhat la mat va sap ong. Ngayxa, to ong bam day ac tren cay cham, cay gia nhng khong ai lay. Lau dan, rtxuong troi day tren song rach. Mai en i T c, mi co ngi vao sau bentrong sinh song. Sau o, a phng mi chia lo au thau khai thac mat va sap ong.Ho dung cac rach nho lam ranh gii thien nhien e chia khu vc au thau, goi langan. T o co cac a danh nh Ngan Ga, Ngan Trau, Ngan Rt...Bac Lieu con co mot ky quan la san chim, quy tu nhieu loai chim quy hiem. Coth to nh chang be, gia ay, long o... C moi buoi chieu, chim t cac ni bay verp mot goc tri, ron rang u loai am thanh. San chim co thi la tai nguyen kha 43. 42ln cua a phng, nhng b khai thac ba bai lay long lam quat ban nen nhieugiong chim gan nh b tuyet chung. Nay ch con mot t san chim.Mot nguon li khac lam giau cho Bac Lieu la muoi. Vao mua thu hoach, nhng"tu muoi" cao ngat nh nui ch chuyen i tieu thu. Chnh la mot muoi man o ap nhng con ca loc, ca sat ni song rach thanh kho, mam thm lng. Mon"mam va rau" hoac mon "bun nc leo" cua Bac Lieu co hng v tuyet vi.Pha nam la bien nen ong bao ta lam nghe anh ca va lam muoi kha ong. Cuocsong cua ong bao trong tnh rat sung tuc v cac nguon li ve canh nong, ngnghiep va nuoi gia suc. Cau noi v "tieu xai nh cong t Bac Lieu" cung phan naonoi len cuoc song phu tuc ac biet cua tnh nay.Lc sTen "Bac Lieu" do ch Khmer "Po-Loeuh" (oc la Po Leo, ngha la cay a cao),nguyen xa la huyen Tran Di thuoc tran Ha Tien, do Mac Thien Tch lap t namAt Mao 1735. Thi T c, vung nay thuoc phu Ba Xuyen, roi tach ra lap thanhhuyen Phong Thanh trc thuoc phu.Thi Phap thuoc, quan Phap at thanh tnh th 20 cua Nam Ky, ngay 18-12-1882,gom cac quan Gia Rai, Ca Mau, Thi Bnh, Quan Long, Tan Bang, Nam Can vaVnh Chau. Giac Phap biet Bac Lieu la vung ong lay, nhieu lau say, dng, lacrat hiem tr, se la ni lap can c cua cac cuoc noi day nen dung nhieu bien phapan ninh e doa dan chung. Nhng dan ta van b mat to chc nhieu hoi kn khangPhap.Phong cnh, di tchSan Chim Bac Lieu : Cach th xa Bac Lieu 5 km ve pha ong thuoc xa My Thanh,san chim la mot trong nhng iem du lch sinh thai hap dan nhat cua ong bangsong Cu Long. San chim luon tao ra nhng bat ng va sng sot cho du khach entham. Mi bc vao san chim ban a thay ngay canh nao nhiet cua mot san chimt nhien. Nhng trng chim o ay tren mat at nh hon cuoi trang. Cac loai chimthng hay lam to e tranh cac loai khac en bat chim con... Len loi trong sanchim, bat cht ban co the nhn thay loai chim co sai canh dai ti 2 m, nang ti 10kg... Cac loai chim thng tu tap nhieu nhat vao mua ma t thang 5 en het 44. 43thang 10. Chung lam to tren cay en khoang thang 1, roi bay i ni khac va bayve ay vao thang 5 hoac thang 6.Thap Co Vnh Hng : Cach th xa Bac Lieu 20 km ve pha tay bac, thuoc a phanap Trung Hng, xa Vnh Hng, huyen Vnh Li. Thap co Vnh Hng la di tchkien truc co duy nhat con c bao ton ong bang song Cu Long cua ngiKhmer Nam bo, dau vet cua khu dan c a ton tai va phat trien t nhieu the ky.Thap gan chua Vat Bhah Dhah. Theo ngi dan quanh vung ke lai, trong thapco cot tro di hai cua ong vua Khmer Pudum Surivam, ngi a tng co mat vungnay kha lau. Vao cac nam 1911, 1917, 1959, cac nha khao co a phat hien nhieuhien vat trong khu vc thap, chu yeu la vat th cung. ac biet co tam bia tm thaytrong chua canh thap, khac ch Phan c ghi ro thang Karhila nam 814 tngng vi nam 892 (sau Cong nguyen) va ten vua Yacovan - Man (the ky 9).Thap Vnh Hng c dng tren mot doi at, chan thap hnh ch nhat, mot canhdai 5,6 m; canh kia dai 6,9 m, cao 8,9 m xay bang gach ghep kht lai. Thap co cautruc kha n gian, co mot gian hnh ch nhat, tng day, noc cao uon thanh vomvi mot ca chnh. Trong thap co: mot ban tay tng than bang ong, mot phanthan di cua tng n than, tng n than bang a xanh, tng n than Brahmamat bang ong, au tng Phat bang ong... va mot so vat th khac. Moi ngaynha s trong chua thap tung kinh hai lan bang tieng Viet vao luc 4 gi sang va 4gi chieu. Hang nam nhan dan a phng to chc gio ln tai thap vao ngay 15-1am lch. ay la dp co ong Phat t trong va ngoai tnh en cung bai.Chua Xiem Can : Cach th xa Bac Lieu 7 km tren ng ra vn chim Bac Lieu,Xiem Can la mot ngoi chua cua ngi Khmer co kien truc giong nh nhng ngoichua Khmer khac Tra Vinh hoac Soc Trang. Chua a ton tai hn mot the ky nay.Chua c xay cat o so cham tro va trang tr theo phong cach oc ao.Chua Quan e (Chua Ong) : La mot kien truc nh chua mang am ban sac dantoc Hoa, nam ven song Bac Lieu. Ngi Hoa Bac Lieu xem ay nh mot bieutng van hoa cho dan toc mnh. Chua c xay nam 1835, do ong chu to muoiChau Quai ng ra van ong ong gop. Ben trong chua con gi c kha nhieubc hoanh ln. Mot so c cac nghe nhan ngi Hoa cham khac t nhng nam 45. 441865 - 1897. Ngoai ra chua Quan e con co mot an th qu gia.Chua th Quan Van Trng thi Tam Quoc. Trong ien th co bc tng QuanCong mac giap tru uy nghi, hai ben la Quan Bnh va Chau Xng. Theo ngiHoa Bac Lieu ho chon th Quan Cong bi ho coi trong ch tn trong lam anbuon ban, chua Ong la ni ho en cau khan, tham ch giao keo vi nhau trongmua ban. Ngoai ra trong chua con th Thien Hau, Than Tai. ChuaOng la mot trong nhng iem tham quan th xa Bac Lieu.Chua Mi Hoa Bnh : La mot ngoi chua Khmer hay con goi la Se Ray Vong Sa,cach th xa Bac Lieu 13 km ve pha nam, tren quoc lo 1 noi t Bac Lieu sang thxa Ca Mau (ben tay trai). Chua c thiet ke rat oc ao vi cot bao thap v aicua chua rat de gay s chu y cho du khach. Chua xay dng vao nam 1952, nhngen nam 1990 khu bao thap mi c xay tiep, pha trc la nha hoi hop to varong. Chua Mi Hoa Bnh con la trng day hoc cho mot so t tn o Phat t vatong ni Khmer cua tnh Minh Hai cu (v phan ln ngi Khmer theo hoc kinh, hocch va hoc ao ly lam ngi cac chua Khmer tai Soc Trang).Chua Vnh Hoa : Chua co t lau i, ban au ch la chua nho tai 17B ng CachMang, phng 7, th xa Bac Lieu. Nam 1961, hoa thng Tr c khi ve tru trcho xay lai chua, lap trng trung hoc Bo e tnh Bac Lieu. Nam 1963 chua trthanh tru s cua Phat giao tnh Bac Lieu. Hien nay chua la ni at van phong cuaban ai dien Phat giao th xa Bac Lieu.Chua Minh (Vnh Trieu Minh Hoi Quan) : Chua hng ra mat song Bac Lieu,thuoc phng 3, th xa Bac Lieu. Chua c khi lap vao nam 1890, co kien truchnh ch "Quoc" Chua mang am net kien truc kieu cung nh Trung Quoc thiTien Minh. Ben trong chua con rat nhieu hien vat xa qu nh cot bang go qucham khac noi va cham long cac phu ieu, bc hoanh, bo l ong mat tre, 16 loaibinh kh chien tran... Chua Minh th Thanh Hoang Bon Canh, la bac tien boi cocong khai m at ai.Kien Truc Nha Tay Bac Lieu : Khong giong nh mot so tnh khac nh Can Th,An Giang, Bac Lieu hien nay con kha nhieu dinh th, biet th c cat theo kientruc phng Tay. Ch co mot so t toa nha b h hai trong thi ky tieu tho khang 46. 45chien. o la nhng toa nha cua cong t Bac Lieu doc theo b song.Cong vien hang me vi nhng dinh th, cong s trang nghiem : Toa Hanh Chnh,Toa An, Dinh Bo (nha quan chu tnh), nha huyen Son, nha hoi ong Trach... (nayla th vien tnh, vien kiem sat, toa bao Bac Lieu...) Cac vat lieu xay dng nhthep uc, ca, cam thach, lat nen, gach... c ch t Phap qua. Cac ngoi nha Tayco kien truc cua nhng nam au the ky 20 : moi nha eu co khong gian thoangang xung quanh, phan trc oi xng nhau, mai lp ngoi. Mai ngoi hnh bat giac,cac xa noi ngang nh chua. V vay kien truc nha xa Bac Lieu mang mot sacthai rieng khac han nhng nha biet th Phap Ha Noi, Sai Gon, a Lat...Nhn chung cac ngoi nha co net ng be, nen uc cao, quet voi vang. Ben trongnha thng la nhng hanh lang, vom tran cao vut. Hien nay Bac Lieu con khoanggan 30 dinh th, biet th ln nho nam hai ben b song a tr thanh mot di sanco gia tr tinh than, mot niem t hao cua ngi dan Bac Lieu.Cc dp l hiPhan ln dan c Bac Lieu la ngi Viet (Kinh), ngi Khmer chiem 4,7% taptrung ong bac Bac Lieu va huyen Gia Rai; ngi Hoa chiem 3,3%. La vung attru phu thnh vng, ngi dan Bac Lieu hien hoa, hieu khach, co phong cachsong phong khoang ac trng cua vung Nam bo. Du khach en Bac Lieu se hieuthem ve giai thoai cua cong t Bac Lieu lng danh mot thu giau co va chu chi.ay la ni dng chan cuoi cung cua co nhac s Cao Van Lau, ong a sang tac bai"Da Co Hoai Lang" tien than cua bai ca vong co, loai ca nhac tai t Nam bo ratpho bien Bac Lieu.en Bac Lieu du khach ghe tham san chim Bac Lieu, vn nhan Bac Lieu, thapco Viet Hng, chua Xiem Can, hoac i tham nhng rng c, rng tram, can ct nhien trong khang chien chong xam lc. Neu ung dp vao mua cung nh, dukhach con c tham d vao le cung Ky Yen tai nh lang, c coi hat boi va vuichi suot ba ngay em. Ni ay con co cac le Chol Chnam Thmay (Tet au nam),Le on Ta (le xa toi vong nhan Phat giao tieu tha), le Trong Trang (Ok OmBok)... cua ngi Khmer rat soi ong va ly thu. 47. 46Bc CnDien tch : 4795,54 km.Dan so : 283.000 ngi (2001).Tnh l : Th xa Bac Can.Cac huyen : Ba Be, Ngan Sn, Ch on, Na R, Ch Mi, Bach Thong.Dan Toc : Viet (Kinh), Tay, Nung, Dao...Bac Can la tnh thuoc mien nui va trung du, pha bac giap Cao Bang, pha ongnam giap Lang Sn, pha tay giap Tuyen Quang, pha nam giap Thai Nguyen.a hnh cua tnh chu yeu la oi nui, trung du, he thong song ngoi day ac. Khhau cua tnh chia lam hai mua: mua ma va mua kho. Nhiet o trung bnh namkhoang 25C.Giao thong ng bo, ng thuy eu thuan li. Bac Can co tiem nang khoangsan a dang, tiem nang ve rng, ac biet la cac khu rng nguyen sinh vi hethong ong thc vat rat phong phu.Sinh hot, kinh ta so ong bao Bac Can la ngi Kinh song tap trung cac huyen l, thanh pho;ngoai ra con co cac sac dan Tho, Nung, Man va Dao thng sinh song tren nhngvung rng nui cao. Ngi dan th cung To tien, Than linh, Tri at, ho an Tet vuiXuan rat ln, y phuc thng la mau xanh cham va mau nau.Cac loai ngu coc chnh cua Bac Can la lua, ngo va ke. Hoa mau phu gom trau,ma, thuoc la, dau, si gai... Rng Bac Can co nhieu loai cay hu dung nh lat hoa,lim, gu, long nao, sa nhan, tre, may, na, vau, cu nau, va cac loai da cam da thu.Dan chung Bac Can nuoi nhieu loai gia suc. Tht heo va ga vt ay rat ngon. HoBa Be cung cung cap nhieu loai ng san c a thch nh pia nai (pia la ca), piacao, pia teng, pia tat, ca chep, rua, oc, tom...Bac Can co nhieu quang mo gom vang, bac, a en, kem, ch. Ky nghe khai thacquang mo Bac Can rat ang ke. Thng mai cung kha phon thnh, nh nhngtruc lo giao thong vi Cao Bang, Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen.Lc sBac Can xa thuoc bo Vu nh, mot trong 15 bo cua nc Van Lang. Vao the ky 48. 47th 3, Bac Can co ten la Phu Nghiem, roi oi thanh quan Vu nh di i ng.Nha Ly at la phu Phu Lng. en i nha Le lai oi thanh phu Thong Hoa,thuoc lo Thai Nguyen. Sang i nha Tran, tnh l Bac Can hien nay la huyenVnh Thong, roi oi ten lan na thanh Bach Thong vao i Hau Le. Tnh Bac Canc thanh lap nam 1900, gom 20 tong.Nam 1873, giac khach Trung Hoa la Ly Dng Tai noi len cp pha bien gii.Quan Tham Tan ai Than Linh Ninh Thai Tong oc bay gi la Ton That Thuyetmang quan i anh lam chung phai lui ve ong Ba Be; ay la ni ba pha co nui,mot pha la be, va ch co mot ng oc ao ra vao. Ly Dng Tai sai ap haoluy, chuyen van nhieu lng kho, roi co thu hang may thang tri lam quan trieunh khong sao pha noi. Ong Ton That Thuyet ben c ong Ong Bch Khiem, motdanh tng tai gioi tm cach pha giac. Ong Bch Khiem ch xin mang theo 80 quanlnh khoe manh. Suot 10 ngay em gian kho, toan quan ac biet nay vt eo leonui e len en mot nh nui Bch Lap, cho sao huyet cua giac cp pha di.Toan quan noi day rng u xuong, bat than tan cong lam bon giac khong ngtrc nen hoang s chay tan loan, toan quan cua Ong Bch Khiem a giet sachbon chung, giai cu gan 400 phu n Viet b giac bat gi va tch thu rat nhieu nga,vu kh.en cuoi nam 1889, quan Phap em gan ngan quan chiem Ch Mi lien b nghaquan do ong Ba Ky ch huy anh rat d doi, giac mat 100 ten va 8 s quan thietmang.Trc nam 1975, tnh Bac Can gom cac huyen Bach Thong, Ch Ra, Ch on,Ngan Sn, Na R va Ch Mi.Phong cnh, di tchKhu du lch Ba Be : ay khu du lch co tiem nang du lch sinh thai, van hoa lnmanh va rat co y ngha trong tieu vung du lch mien nui ong Bac, bao gomkhoang 20 iem di tch danh thang ac sac, oc ao. Trong o tieu bieu la nhngiem du lch :Ho Ba Be : T Ha Noi theo ng so 3 qua Thai Nguyen, en th xa Bac Can vai tiep khoang 40 km la en ho Ba Be (gan ch Ra). Con song Nang chay di 49. 48chan nui a voi, gia nhng b vach ng xuyen qua nui Lung Nham, ni o goila ong Puong. Thuyen nho luon trong ong Puong chap chn trong anh sang mao, nhng thach nhu hnh thu ky la hien len trc ca ong, i khoi ca ongchng 4 km vao a phan ho Ba Be, mot ho kien tao ln nhat mien Bac Viet Namgia vung a phien va a voi. Ho dai hn 8 km, rong 3 km, sau khoang 20 - 30 km.oan gia ho hi eo lai. Co hai ao nho noi len gia ho, mot ao giong nh connga ong cng ang loi nc (nen con goi la ao An Ma)Ho Ba Be o cao khoang 145 m so vi mat nc bien, dien tch mat ho vaokhoang 500 ha c bao boc bi nhng day nui a voi co nhieu hang ong vanhng suoi ngam khi an khi hien. Toan canh ho nh mot bc tranh thuy mac lamsay long nhieu du khach t xa en nay.Vn Quoc gia Ba Be : Vn quoc gia Ba Be la mot di san thien nhien quy gia,co dien tch 23.340 ha. ay la mot he thong rng nguyen sinh tren nui a voi baoboc xung quanh ho nc trong xanh. ay co ti 417 loai thc vat va 299 loaiong vat co xng song. Co nhieu loai ong vat quy hiem nh phng hoang at,ga loi, vooc mui hech... con c lu gi ay.Cung vi thang canh ho Ba Be, vn quoc gia Ba Be la mot di san thien nhienep vao bac nhat cua nc ta can phai c bao ve, khai thac a khach du lchti tham quan, ngh dng, nghien cu.ong Puong : ong Puong nam tren dong song Nang, cach huyen l Ba Be 5 km .ong la ni con song Nang chay xuyen qua mot day nui a voi tao thanh. ongco chieu dai khoang 200 m, chieu cao trung bnh cua ong 25 - 30 m vi nhieuhnh thu, cot a hung v. Trong ong con co an di hang chuc van con sinh songva tru ngu. ong Puong la mot iem du lch sinh thai ac biet oc ao va rat hapdan.Thac au ang : Thac la ni co dong song Nang tiep giap vi tnh Tuyen Quang.Thac au ang co chieu dai khoang 2 km, la ni con song Nang b chan lai binhng tang a ln nho xep chong len nhau vi o doc chng 500 m, tao thanh motthac nc ngoan muc ky v, hoa vi phong canh rng nguyen sinh tao ra mot antng kho quen. Khong nhng vay, tai ay con xuat hien loai ca Chien (co nhng 50. 49con nang tren 10 kg) la loai ca hiem thay nhat hien nay.Ao Tien : Ao Tien la mot ho nc nho, rong chng 3 ha nam tren nh nui. B baoboc bi rng nhiet i nen kh hau ay rat mat me va trong lanh. Tng truyenay chnh la ni cac nang tien tren tri thng xuong tam va anh c.Thac Room : Thac Room thuoc xa Quang Thuan, huyen Bach Thong, nam cachth xa Bac Can 8 km theo tnh lo Bac Can - Ch on. Khu thac Room bao gommot quan the bai a, song nui rat ep hoa vi canh thien nhien cua nui rng.Thac Room la ni con song Cau b chan bi bai a lo nho dai chng 1 km tao nenphong canh ky thu. Hien nay, s Thng mai - Du lch tnh Bac Can ang co quyhoach thac Room thanh iem du lch phu can cua khu vc th xa Bac Can, bienni ay thanh khu du lch cuoi tuan vi cac loai hnh vui chi, giai tr, the thao, leonui, cam trai, ngh dng...Phya Khao : iem du lch Phya Khao thuoc huyen Ch on, la ni co kh hau onhoa, moi trng trong sach. o cao trung bnh so vi mat bien la 800 m, kh hau ay am ap ve mua ong va mat ve mua he. Trc kia Phap a tm ra a iem cokh hau tuyet vi nay va a cho xay nha ngh mat tai ay.Khu bao ton thien nhien Kim Hy : Khu bao ton thien nhien Kim Hy thuoc huyenNa R vi dien tch hang chuc ngan hecta, la ni lu gi va bao ton cua nguon genong, thc vat quy hiem. ay con la mot iem du lch, nghien cu sinh thai trongtng lai.ong Nang Tien : ong Nang Tien thuoc xa Lng Ha, huyen Na R, la mottrong hang ong t nhien an sau vao trong long nui a tao nen mot canh ep thiennhien ky thu.Thac Na ang : Thuoc xa Lng Thanh, huyen Na R, la mot thac nc chay tnh nui xuong vi o cao tren 100 m tao nen mot canh ep thien nhien hiem thay.Chua Thach Long : Chua nam ben trong mot hang a voi thuoc xa Cao Ky, huyenCh Mi. Hang ong nay lai bao gom 2 tang thong vi nhau c goi la tangthien va tang am. Hien nay, chua la ni sinh hoat van hoa tn ngng cua nhandan trong vung, chua th phat va Thanh Mau.en Tham : en Tham thuoc th tran Ch Mi, huyen Ch Mi, c xay dng 51. 50mot na gan vao long nui, mot na lo thien. Trc en la con song Cau uon khucchay l th tao nen phong canh "sn thuy hu tnh". en la ni sinh hoat van hoatn ngng cua nhan dan trong vung.Cc dp l hiBac Can la mot trong nhng tnh co nhieu dan toc c tru, v vay nen van hoa cungmang nhieu sac thai, nhieu le hoi truyen thong phong phu, a dang thng cto chc vao sau Tet Nguyen an co nhieu tro chi mang am a ban sac dan toc.Bac Can la tnh mien nui co rat nhieu phong canh thien nhien th mong, hu tnh,nhieu di tch lch s. ay la mot tnh co tiem nang ve du lch kha ln. Tnh BacCan co nhieu kha nang phat trien e co the tr thanh mot trung tam du lch cuavung trung du va mien nui pha bac.Le hoi xuan Ba Be : Le hoi c to chc ngay ben b ho Ba Be, thuoc xa NamMau, huyen Ba Be vao ngay 10 thang 1 am lch hang nam. Le hoi la ni pho diennhng ban sac dan toc cua ong bao a phng vi nhieu tro chi truyen thongnh: ua thuyen oc moc, nem con, choi bo, mua khen, au vo dan toc... cungnhieu hoat ong van hoa cua ong bao dan toc. Le hoi dien ra mot ngay va thuhut t 1,5 en 2 van du khach ti tham d.Le hoi Phu Thong : Le hoi c to chc vao ngay 10 thang 1 am lch hang nam,tai th tran Phu Thong. Le hoi la ni tap trung nhng tro chi dan gian nh tungcon, keo co, hat Sli, hat ln. Ben canh o le hoi con la dp e nhan dan aphng va du khach tham lai chien trng xa ni a dien ra tran anh on PhuThong.Le hoi Lung Tung (hoi xuong ong) : Le hoi c to chc hau het cac a phngtrong tnh vao sau Tet Nguyen an, tieu bieu co hoi Lung Tung c to chc taixa Bang Khau, huyen Ngan Sn (vao ngay 15 thang 1 am lch hang nam). HoiLung Tung la ni ba con cac dan toc tap trung vui chi nhieu tro chi truyen thongnh: mua khen, thoi sao, tung con, trai gai hat giao duyen. Sau o nhan an trongvung lam le cau khan than linh, tri at ban cho nhng vu mua boi thu nhan dpmot nam mi tot lanh.Hoi chua Thach Long : Le hoi c to chc vao 2 ngay la ngay 6 va 7 thang 1 am 52. 51lch hang nam tai chua Thach Long, xa Cao Ky, huyen Ch Mi. Le hoi la dpnhan dan a phng to chc dang hng tng nh en to tien, ngoai ra le hoicon co nhng tro chi hoat ong van hoa, the thao nh keo co, hat ln, mua... valeo nui thng ngoan phong canh hung v cua hang ong, nui rng.Hoi Xuan Dng : Le hoi c m vao ngay 25 thang 3 am lch tai vung cac dantoc Tay sinh song Xuan Dng, huyen Na R. ay la dp gap mat trong ngay hoicuoi cung cua mua xuan. Hoi co hat dan gian cua cac dan toc Tay, Nung, Dao... 53. 52Bc GiangDien tch : 3816,7 km.Dan so :1.522.000 ngi (2001).Tnh l : Th xa Bac Giang.Cac huyen : Sn ong, Luc Ngan, Luc Nam, Yen The, Lang Giang,Yen Dung,Viet Yen, Tan Yen va Hiep Hoa.Dan toc : Viet (Kinh), Tay....Bac Giang la tnh mien trung du va giap vi chau tho ong bang Bac Bo. Phabac va ong bac giap tnh Lang Sn, pha tay va tay bac giap Ha Noi, pha namva ong nam giap Bac Ninh, Hai Dng va Quang Ninh.a hnh : ong bang, trung du, mien nui. Kh hau chia lam 2 mua : mua ong tthang 10 en thang 3; mua he t thang 4 e thang 9. Nhiet o trung bnh 24C.Giao thong : tng oi thuan tien. ng sat : T Bac Giang co the ve Ha Noi,len Lang Sn, sang Thai Nguyen va vung cong nghiep mo Quang Ninh. ngbo : He thong ng bo thuan li co quoc lo 1A chay qua. Nhieu tuyen tnh lo vahuyen l. ng song : Tnh Bac Giang co nhieu song ln ( Song Cau, songThng, song Luc Nam) chay qua tnh, thuan tien cho van tai ng song, gopphan ti tieu nc phuc vu cho san xuat nong nghiep, du lch.Sinh hot kinh ta so ong bao sinh song tai Bac Giang la ngi Kinh, nhng vung pha Bac conhieu ong bao sac toc Tho, Man va Nung. ao Gia To phat trien manh BacGiang t au the ky 18. Vao dp Tet, cac lang que thng m hoi vi nhieu trochi vui nh anh u, anh c, hat Quan Ho, va ac biet la tro "keo ch".Bac Giang co nhieu ong ruong va on ien, hoa mau chnh la lua, rat nhieu loaihoa mau phu nh ngo, au tng, khoai lang, ca chua, cac loai rau. Cay ky ngheco ca phe, thuoc la, ma, thau dau, dau nuoi tam. ong bao Tho vung cao co thetrong ca hai loai lua nui va ong bang. Cay an trai gom cam, qut, da, chanh.Cam Bo Ha ngon noi tieng. Rng Yen The co nhieu go, tre, na, vau, song vada thu. Bac Giang rat t mo, ch co mo ch ang ke khu nui Thong. Ngoai kynghe nuoi tam Phu Lang Thng, Bac Giang con co nhng ky nghe nhe nh uc 54. 53li cay Phu Mai.Lc sat Bac Giang xa thuoc bo Vu Ninh, mot trong 15 bo cua nc Van Lang. iTien Le goi la Giang Bac. i Tran at lo Bac Giang. Thi vua Le Thanh Tongoi la Kinh Bac, roi x Kinh Bac. en nha Le, luc au at Bac ao, roi thanhBac Giang tha tuyen. Tnh l Bac Giang, ten Phu Lang Thng, trc kia la trus mot toa ai ly thuoc tnh Bac Ninh, sau o b bai bo nam 1889 e thanh laptnh Luc Nam vi phan ln cac phu huyen cua tnh Bac Giang. en nam 1895 thtnh Bac Giang c chnh thc thanh lap lai gom hai phu Lang Giang va a Phuccung sau huyen, ve sau lai co them huyen Luc Ngan.Khi quan Phap anh chiem cac tnh mien Bac nc ta, dan Bac Giang cung viong bao ca nc noi len anh lai chung. Ngay 24-6-1884, tran Bac Le xay ratrong ma bao, quan ta vay giac tren nui, bao ca hai mat, chung phai m ngmau ma chay. Ngay 8-10-1884, giac em binh lnh chiem on Kep gap phai tinhthan chien au gan da cua ngha quan. Tran anh can chien kinh hon dien ra vigm, giao, li le. Nhieu s quan va binh lnh giac a chet trong tran Kep. Ngay12-2-1885, ta chan chung Pho V. Cuoi thang 12-1885, ong Cai Bnh (canh taymat cua Hoang nh Kinh, goi la Cai Kinh) t chien khu Bao Loc, gia Phu LangThng va Kep, chong tra manh liet vi ba ai oi cua quan Phap. Cung trongnam 1885, phong trao Can Vng lan rong khap ni, chien khu Bai Say cua anhhung Nguyen Thien Thuat ap li song nui, hoat ong t Hng Yen en PhuLang Thng, Bac Ninh, Quang Yen, Luc Nam. Va t nam 1887, cuoc vung dayYen The lam chan ong nui rng Bac Giang vi s lanh ao cua hai anh hungHoang nh Kinh (Cai Kinh) va Hoang Hoa Tham (e Tham). Sau khi ong CaiKinh mat, quan Phap nhac en ong ma van con gm v nhng tran anh Bnh Gia,Bao ai. Sau o, chien khu Yen The a lam cho quan Phap khon on suot 30nam tri. T nam 1889 en 1891, quan Phap a hang ngan quan vi phao hamtan cong chien khu Yen The bon lan va b ton that nang ne. Anh hung Hoang HoaTham ngi lang Noc Cuc, phu Yen The, i khang chien t nam 23 tuoi, la motngi tai tr, nhan hau, bnh d, yeu thng dan chung va cac chien hu. T khi 55. 54ong lanh ao cuoc khang chien Bac Giang, dan chung a noi ti Yen The vicau th : " ay la at ong e, Tay vo th co, Tay ve th khong."Cau th c minh chng that hung hon qua nhng tran anh khoc liet nh MoTrang, Bac Le, Rng Phe, ong Vng, Sn Qua, on em, Nui Ham Ln, XuanLai, Yen Lo, Tam ao... Quan Phap dung rat nhieu thu oan vi ong nh phu du,am sat, tra hoa... nhng eu khong thanh. Nam 1903, hai anh hung Phan Boi Chauva Hoang Hoa Tham a gap nhau ban viec cu nc tai Phon Xng. Gia nhanh hung e Tham la mot gia nh khang chien, hai ngi con trai Ca Trong, CaHuynh eu chet v nc; ba ang Th Nhu, v th ba cua ong, cung chien au noitieng dung cam. Khi b gi