Diagnóstico del estado de conservación de la biodiversidad en el Parque Nacional Lanín

8/6/2019 Diagnóstico del estado de conservación de la biodiversidad en el Parque Nacional Lanín

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Addrmofbmdr y cquopd Adhpdfcftc @bufb<

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Addrmofbmdr y cquopd Adhpdfcftc Ssds c Ohpbatds<

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Addrmofbmdr y cquopd Qostchb mc Of`drhbaoñf Jcdjrâòad<

Mbfoci EDADQ 2'hbr 5;;=(moa 5;;=/

Icbfmrd JBUAÈB 5

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2 Adfsuitdr cxtcrfd adftrbtbmd pbrb ci prdycatd&

5 [crsdfbi mc pibftb d adftrbtbmd mc ib Bmhofostrbaoñf mc [brqucs Fbaodfbics&

CRSO[D MC ]UBEBLD MCI [UD_CA]D

pâjofb f¼ ?

Cquopd mc trbebld mci prdycatd




ADIBEDUBMDUCQ

Bfbgè [ÏUC\ 'MU[/

Hñfoab HCUHD\ 'MU[/

Gcrfâf [BQ]DUC 'MU[/

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Qoivob DU]SEB_ 'MU[/

Hojuci JUDQQ 'MU[/Justbvd OJICQOBQ 'MU[/

Hbrèb Poatdrob FCOUB '[FI/

Uoabrmd FDJBUB '[FI/

Hbracid [CÒBIEB '[FI/

Iuos AGBSAGBUM '[FI/

Ioiobfb ID\BFD '[FI/

Aibumob MC IB DUMCF '[FI/

Hbrèb Cujcfob LOHCFC\ '[FI/

Hbrèb Udsb ADF]UCUBQ '[FI/

Mocjd QBBM '[FI/

Ldbquèf EUSFC] '[FI/

]dhâs [OCUUD '[FI/

Lubf LDFCQ '[FI/

[beid QSJIOBFD '[FI/

Gujd FOC]D '[FI/

Juoiicrhd M ‗DIOPCOUB '[FI/

[btroaod ABQBFDPB '[FI/Hñfoab JS\HÂF '[FI/

Hbrèb Iburb QOIPB '[FI/

Ldsï Iuos AÑHO]B '[FI/

Abrids HBUODQB '[FI/

Mocjd ISAAB '[FI/

Pcrñfoab GSOIO[ÂF 'AHF/

Johcfb ADIO[ÂF '[FI/

Hbtèbs CFAOFB '[FI/

Bioaob [ÏUC\ '[UD[B]BJDFOB/

pâjofb f¼ 2;

Adibedrbmdrcs




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Qbivbmdr PCIIOMD

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Mbfoci HBUAGC]]O

Lc`c Mcpbrtbhcftd mc Ssd [üeioad<

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Lc`c Mcpbrtbhcftd mc Bmhofostrbaoñf<

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Aibumob mc ib DUMCF

BS]DUOMBMCQ _ CRSO[D MC ADFMSAAODFMCI [BURSC FBAODFBI IBFOF

pâjofb f¼ 22

Butdrombmcs y cquopd mc adfmuaaoñf mci [FI




ABUBA]CUO\BAODF QOF]C]OAB MCI [BURSC FBAODFBI IBFOF

ABUBA]CUO\BAODF CADIDJOAB

Pcjctbaoñf mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf b csabib rcjodfbi&

Cf ci pbrquc Ibfèf cstâf rcprcscftbmbs mds prdvofaobs òtdjcdjrâòabs) ib [rdvofaob Bitdbfmofb

adf ci Mostrotd Bitdbfmofd Bustrbi) y ib [rdvofaob Quebftârtoab adf ids Mostrotds mci [cguïf) mci Edsquc

Abmuao`diod y Pbimovobfd& Ib vcjctbaoñf bitdbfmofb daupb ids posds supcrodrcs mc ibs hdftbòbs) mcsmc

bprdxohbmbhcftc ids 20;;(2:;; h gbstb ibs auhercs y zdfbs mc focvc pcrhbfcftc& Ib vcjctbaoñf

edsadsb daupb mcsmc ib adstb mc ids aucrpds mc bjub) adhd ibjds y ibjufbs) gbstb ids 20;;(2:;; h&

Ids mostoftds topds mc edsqucs sc mostroeuycf mc baucrmd b sus rcqucrohocftds cadiñjoads y cf ebsc bi

jrbmocftc tïrhoad bitotumofbi y ibtotumofbi) y bi jrbmocftc dcstc(cstc mc iiuvobs mcarcaocftcs&

B csabib rcjodfbi) ib vcjctbaoñf mci pbrquc sc bfbiozñ cf uf hbpb mc csabib 2<53;&;;;) adf ibs

ufombmcs mc vcjctbaoñf mosarohofbmbs cf 21 abtcjdrèbs '@ojurb 2&2&/& Bmchâs mc csbs abtcjdrèbs)

tbheoïf sc omcftoòabf ibs zdfbs mc focvc y jibaobrcs) ibs `drcstbaodfcs adf cxñtoabs y ibs ârcbs urebfbs&

Ci hbpb mc cstb csabib ùc prdmuatd mc ufb rcoftcrprctbaoñf mci hbpb b csabib 2<3;;&;;;) jcfcrbmd

cf ci prdacsd mc bfâiosos mc ib cadrcjoñf Pbimovobfb cf Brjcftofb y Agoic 'Poib y dtrds) 5;;;/& Bsohoshd)

sc mosarohofbrdf fucvds topds `drcstbics quc fd cstbebf prcscftcs cf ci prdmuatd b csabib 2<3;;&;;;&

@idrb mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf&

Cf ebsc b ib rcadpoibaoñf y rcvosoñf mc ib eoeiodjrb`èb c of`drhbaoñf mc tcrrcfd mospdfoeic) ci

pbrquc Ibfèf adftbrèb bprdxohbmbhcftc adf ufbs 05; cspcaocs mc ìdrb prcscftcs mcftrd mc sus

ièhotcs 'Bfcxd O/& Cf csc jrbf adfluftd mc cspcaocs sc pucmc mcstbabr ib prcscfaob mc ufbs 1= cspcaocs)

hbydrhcftc breustovbs y gcreâacbs) quc bpbrcftchcftc cstbrèbf prcscftcs cf `drhb cxaiusovb cf ci

pbrquc Ibfèf mcftrd mci sostchb mc ârcbs prdtcjombs mc ib Bmhofostrbaoñf mc [brqucs Fbaodfbics ']beib

2&2&/& Cstd fd sojfoòab quc cstbrèbf sdid prcscftcs cf ci pbrquc) sofd quc cstc scrèb ci üfoad mc ids

pbrqucs fbaodfbics cf ci aubi sc ibs pdmrèb cfadftrbr& Ibs üfoabs cspcaocs breñrcbs mc csc iostbmd sdf

ib brbuabrob y Idhbtob mcftbtb) adhüf cf Agoic pcrd mc mostroeuaoñf huy rcstrofjomb cf Brjcftofb)

cf ib zdfb mci ibjd Iâabr& Dtrbs mc ibs cspcaocs adf mostroeuaoñf huy iohotbmb scrèbf Ioecrtob

agoicfsos 'Iâabr/) Qcfcaod ldeoo 'fbaocftcs mci rèd Abicuù/) Acftopcmb cibtofdomcs 'ibjd [bohüf/ y

Dshdrgozb jiberbtb 'Ruoiiïf/&

pâjofb f¼ 25




@ojurb 2&2& Hbpb mc ibs ufombmcs mc vcjctbaoñf mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf) adf ibs abtcjdrèbs mcòfombs b csabib

2<53;&;;;&

pâjofb f¼ 21




F¼ Cspcaoc @drhb mc vomb @bhoiob

2 Brbuabrob brbuabfb Breñrcb Brbuabrobacbc

5 Bstcr pctcrdbfus Gcreâacb Bstcrbacbc

1 Bstrbjbius spcjbzzofoo Gcreâacb @bebacbc

= Erdhus ufodidomcs Gcreâacb [dbacbc

3 Abiacdibrob edrsofoo Gcreâacb Qardpguibrobacbc

0 Abiacdibrob mcftbtb Gcreâacb Qardpguibrobacbc

: Abiacdibrob pcffciioo Gcreâacb Qardpguibrobacbc

7 Acftopcmb cibtofdomcs Gcreâacb Bstcrbacbc

?Agbctbftgcrb bustrbios

Gcreâacb Bstcrbacbc

2; Agcfdpdmouh pgoioppobfuh Gcreâacb Agcfdpdmobacbc

22 Agidrbcb icagicro Gcreâacb Dragombacbc

25 Modsadrcb rctoauibtb Cfrcmbmcrb Modsadrcbacbc

21 Ciyhus rojcsacfs Gcreâacb [dbacbc

2= Cupgrbsob troòmb Gcreâacb Qardpguibrobacbc

23 Jbhdabrpgb bipofb Gcreâacb Abiyacrbacbc

20 Jbhdabrpgb mcftbtb Gcreâacb Abiyacrbacbc

2: Ioecrtob agoicfsos Gcreâacb Orombacbc

27 Idbsb babftgo`diob Gcreâacb Idbsbacbc

2? Idbsb ibtcrotob Gcreâacb Idbsbacbc

5; Idhbtob mcftbtb Breñrcb [rdtcbacbc

52 Hcfdfvoiicb adhecro Gcreâacb Erbssoabacbc

55 Huiofuh biedvbjofbtuh Gcreâacb Bpobacbc

51 Dshdrgozb jiberbtb Gcreâacb Bpobacbc

5= Durosob adaaofcb Gcreâacb Qardpguibrobacbc

53 [crczob spbtguibtb Gcreâacb Bstcrbacbc

50 Uoecs vbimovobfuh Breustovb Qbxo rbjbacbc

5: Udmdpgobib bfmoadib Gcreâacb Bhbryiiombacbc

57 Uuhcx mbrwofobfus Gcreâacb [diyjdfbacbc5? Qcfcaod adhecro Quebreustovb Bstcrbacbc

1; Qcfcaod ldeoo Breustovb Bstcrbacbc

12 Qcfcaod ycjub Breustovb Bstcrbacbc

15 Qoicfc auspombtb Gcreâacb Abrydpgyiibacbc

11 Pbicrobfb drcdagbros Gcreâacb Pbicrobfbacbc

1= Podib iughbfoo Gcreâacb Podibacbc

]beib 2&2& Iostbmd mc cspcaocs mc ìdrb quc cstbrèbf prcscftcs sdid cf ci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf) mcftrd mc ibsufombmcs mc adfscrvbaoñf quc oftcjrbf ci sostchb mc ârcbs prdtcjombs mcpcfmocftc mc ib Bmhofostrbaoñf mc[brqucs Fbaodfbics&

pâjofb f¼ 2=




@bufb mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf&

Adhd sucic scr gbeotubi) ib bufb quc aucftb adf ci hcldr fovci mc of`drhbaoñf cs ib pcrtcfcaocftc

b ibs cspcaocs mc ibs mostoftbs aibscs mc vcrtcerbmds prcscftcs cf ci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf& Ci sostchb

mc of`drhbaoñf mc eodmovcrsombm mc ib Bmhofostrbaoñf mc [brqucs Fbaodfbics 'gttp<$$www&soe&jdv&br/

iostb uf tdtbi mc 537 cspcaocs mc vcrtcerbmds) ofaiuombs cf ibs aibscs mc ids pcacs ñscds 'Batofdptcryjoo/)

bfòeods) rcptoics) bvcs y hbhè`crds& Iucjd mc ufb iojcrb mcpurbaoñf adfsostcftc cf cxaiuor bijufds

rcjostrds mupioabmds y sofdfohobs) sc biabfzñ uf tdtbi mc 532 cspcaocs) mc ibs aubics 5; sdf cxñtoabs)

ofaiuycfmd tbftd b soivcstrcs adhd mdhïstoabs '7#/& Ci jrupd hâs fuhcrdsd ùc ci mc ibs bvcs) adf ci

05# mc ibs cspcaocs prcscftcs) scjuombs mc ids hbhè`crds adf ci 55# '@ojurb 2&5&/& Ibs aibscs adf ib

hbydr prdpdraoñf mc cspcaocs cxñtoabs ucrdf ids pcacs ñscds adf ci 5?# '= cspcaocs/ y ids hbhè`crds

adf ci 51# '21 cspcaocs/& Fd sc rcjostrbrdf cxñtoabs cftrc ids bfòeods y ids rcptoics '@ojurb 2&5&/&

@ojurb 2&5& Fühcrd bprdxohbmd mc cspcaocs mc ibs mostoftbs aibscs mc vcrtcerbmds aotbmbs d rcjostrbmbs pbrbci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf& Ids vbidrcs rcprcscftbf ib abftombm mc cspcaocs fbtovbs mc abmb ufb mc ibsaibscs&

Qo eocf ci fühcrd mc cspcaocs aotbmbs cs cicvbmd) c ofaiuyc ufbs 70 cspcaocs hâs quc ci tdtbimc vcrtcerbmds hcfaodfbmd cf ci [ibf mc Hbfcld [rciohofbr mci pbrquc 'B[F) 2??:/) mcec tcfcrsc cf

aucftb quc vbrobs mc ciibs sdf mc prcscfaob hbrjofbi) dabsodfbi d baaomcftbi& Cstd daurrc cspcaobihcftc

2; 2= 21

232

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;

5;

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27;

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F ¼ m c

c s p c a o c s

Fbtovbs Cxñtoabs

pâjofb f¼ 23




adf ibs bvcs) quc cs ci jrupd hâs fuhcrdsd cf cspcaocs& Ibs mc prcscfaob hbrjofbi cstâf

profaopbihcftc bsdaobmbs adf ids bheocftcs hâs xïroads) ueoabmds cf ci scatdr drocftbi mci pbrquc)

daupbfmd profaopbihcftc ib `rbflb cadtdfbi edsquc(cstcpb&

Aiohb&

Ci aiohb mci pbrquc Ibfèf cs tchpibmd gühcmd) adf prcaopotbaodfcs prcmdhofbftchcftc

ofvcrfbics& Ids hbydrcs rcjostrds sc prdmuacf cftrc hbyd y bjdstd) adf ib hâxohb abèmb cf ci hcs mc

lufod& Ibs fcvbmbs sc rcjostrbf cftrc hbyd y datuerc) adf prdebeoiombm mc gcibmbs tdmd ci bòd&

Ibs tchpcrbturbs hcmobs sdf mc =)2» A cf ofvocrfd y mc 5;)2» A cf vcrbfd& Ib prcaopotbaoñf

hcmob cs mc ufds 27;; hh bfubics) adf bhpiobs zdfbs quc pucmcf dsaoibr cftrc ids 53;; y :;; hh

bfubics) profaopbihcftc cf scftomd dcstc(cstc '@ojurb 2&1&/& Ids hbydrcs rcjostrds mc iiuvobs sc mbf

cf Rucòo y Ruoiiïf 'Bòogubrbquo/& Ibs osdgoctbs adf hbydr adecrturb jcdjrâòab sdf ibs adrrcspdfmocftcs

b ib zdfb OOO '23;;(5;;; hh/ y zdfb OP '2;;;(23;; hh> òjurb 2&1&/& Cf ib zdfb mc bitbs auhercs ci

aiohb cstâ sulctd bi rïjohcf mc focvcs&

Ids vocftds sdpibf hbydrotbrobhcftc mci dcstc) ids aubics iicjbf abrjbmds mc guhcmbm mcsmc

ci daïbfd [baèòad& Csb guhcmbm sc vb mcsabrjbfmd adhd iiuvob d focvc) scjüf ib cstbaoñf mci bòd y

ib bitotum) b hcmomb quc ci vocftd oftcracptb ids mostoftds adrmdfcs hdftbòdsds& Qohuitâfcbhcftc) ci

vocftd sc vucivc hâs aâiomd) bvdrcaocfmd ib cvbpdrbaoñf mc ib pdab bjub mospdfoeic murbftc su rcadrromd

gbaob ci cstc) pcfctrbfmd cf ib cstcpb&

Jcdhdr`didjèb y sucids&

Ib abrtdjrb`èb mc ib jcdhdr`didjèb mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf ùc cibedrbmb pdr ci Ibedrbtdrod

mc ]cicmctcaaoñf mci OF]B mc Qbf Abrids mc Ebroidagc) cf ebsc b abrtdjrb`èb y eoeiodjrb`èb pueioabmb

'vcr rc`crcfaobs cf ci Bfcxd OO/& Ib hoshb sc movomc cf 21 ufombmcs òsodjrâòabs adf supcròaocs huy

vbrobeics ']beib 2&5& y òjurb 2&=&/& Ib mcsaropaoñf mc ibs ufombmcs sc prcscftb cf ci Bfcxd OO& ]rcs

topds mc ufombmcs daupbf bijd hâs mci 7;# mc ib supcròaoc mci pbrquc& Ibs jcd`drhbs mdhofbftcs

sdf ids rciocvcs mc arodpibfbaoñf) ibs ibmcrbs mc vbiics jibaobrods y ibs auhercs y bìdrbhocftds rdadsds

']beib 2&5&/& Ci scjufmd jrupd cf ohpdrtbfaob ofaiuyc b ids ibjds jibaobrods y b ibs pibfoaocs y tcrrbzbs

jibaoìuvobics& Ibs ufombmcs òsodjrâòabs omcftoòabmbs tocfcf ufb adrrcspdfmcfaob huy cstrcagb adf

mctcrhofbmds topds mc sucids '@ojurb 2&3&/& Cf jcfcrbi) ids sucids mc ib rcjoñf sdf hdmcrbmbhcftc

prdùfmds b prdùfmds) adf ufb tcxturb `rbfad(brcfdsb y ufb `rbaaoñf ohpdrtbftc mc hbtcrob drjâfoab)mc icvc b hdmcrbmbhcftc âaomds y mc fuid b icvc mïòaot gèmroad cstovbi& Ids sucids mdhofbftcs sdf mc

ids topds Gbpiumbfmcs tèpoads y iètoads) bsè adhd rdabs y @uivumbfmcs tèpoads '@ojurb 2&3& y tbeib 2&5&/&

pâjofb f¼ 20




@ojurb 2&1& Osdgoctbs mc prcaopotbaoñf bfubi y su mostroeuaoñf jcdjrâòab bprdxohbmb cf ci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf& Qcdescrvb aibrbhcftc ci jrbmocftc mc prcaopotbaoñf mcarcaocftc cf scftomd dcstc(cstc&@ucftc< Sfovcrsombm Fbaodfbi mci Adhbguc) 2?75&

pâjofb f¼ 2:




]beib 2&5& Sfombmcs òsodjrâòabs prcscftcs cf ci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf) ofmoabfmd ib supcròaoc daupbmb y ci pdracftblcquc rcprcscftb mc ib supcròaoc tcrrcstrc mci pbrquc& Qc ofmoabf ids sucids mdhofbftcs cf abmb ufombm& U< rdabs> GBio< Gbpiumbfmcs iètoads> GB to< Gbpiumbfmcs tèpoads> @B to< @uivumbfmcs tèpoads> SB to< Smovotrbfmcs tèpoads> SB io<Smovotrbfmcs iètoads> SB tb< Smovotrbfmcs tâptoads> PB hd< Potroxcrbfmcs hñioads> AD ib< Adibmbs mc ibvb> ]D io< ]drrodrtcftcsiètoads> S@ to< Smoìuvcftcs tèpoads> S@ bf< Smoìuvcftcs âfmoads&

Aucfabs mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf&

Ci pbrquc adftocfc ufb scroc mc aucfabs ibaustrcs quc `drhbf pbrtc mc ib jrbf aucfab mci rèd

Biuhofï(Adiiñf Aurb) mc vcrtocftc Btiâftoab& Ib cxacpaoñf cstâ rcprcscftbmb pdr ib aucfab mci ibjd

Iâabr) auybs bjubs vuciabf bi daïbfd [baèòad& Ib supcròaoc tdtbi daupbmb pdr ibjds y ibjufbs cf ci

pbrquc bsaocfmc b ufbs 1;0?5 gcatârcbs) mc ibs aubics sdid ufbs 35? gcatârcbs adrrcspdfmcf b

ibjufbs& Cf ci pbrquc gby ufds 53 ibjds mc tbhbòds huy vbrobeics) quc vbf mcsmc hâs mc 7;;;

gcatârcbs pbrb ci ibjd Gucaguib`qucf) ci hbydr mci pbrquc) b ufbs 0 gcatârcbs pbrb ci ibjd @rèd) quc

cs ci mc hcfdr tbhbòd ']beib 2&1&/& Ci tbhbòd prdhcmod mc ids ibjds cs mc ufbs 25;0 gcatârcbs 'CQ

8 175/&

Cf cstc prdycatd) ci pbrquc ùc movomomd cf 21 aucfabs gomrdjrâòabs) ibs aubics sc mcòfocrdf

jcdjrâòabhcftc y sc adfsomcrbrdf bmcaubmbs pbrb aocrtds bfâiosos b ufb csabib oftcrhcmob& Ci fdherc

mc abmb ufb mc cstbs aucfabs tdhñ ci fdherc mci aursd mc bjub profaopbi quc mcsbjub mc ib hoshb&

[dr clchpid) cf ci absd mci ibjd Gucaguib`qucf) ib aucfab sc mcfdhofb Agohcguèf y cf ci absd mciibjd Iâabr) ib aucfab rcaoec ci fdherc mc Gub Guh& Ib hbydr aucfab cs ib Agohcguèf) scjuomb mc ibs

aucfabs Gub Guh) Ruoiiïf y Ruoiquoguc ']beib 2&=& y òjurb 2&0&/&

pâjofb f¼ 27

Sfombmcs òsodjrâòabs ]opds mc sucid Qupcròaoc'gbs&/ [dracftblc

Auhercs y bìdrbhocftd

Uciocvc mc arodpibfbaoñf

Ibmcrbs mc vbiics jibaobrcs

Uciocvc mc rdabs bedrrcjbmbs

Mcpñsotds jibaobrods d hdrcfbs

[ibfoaocs y tcrrbzbs jibaoìuvobics

Qupcròaocs mc crdsoñf d pcmohcftds

Uciocvc hüitopic vdiaâfoad

Hcsctbs ebsâitoabs bftojubs

Adibmbs ebsâitoabs hdmcrfbs

Mcitbs

Focvc pcrhbfcftc

Adfd vdiaâfoads

U> GB io

GB to> @B to

GB to< GB io

SB to> SB io

SB to> SB tb

SB tb> SB to

SB to> PB hd

SB io> SB to

GB to> SB io

AD ib> ]D io

S@ to> S@ bf

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@ojurb 2&=& Sfombmcs òsodjrâòabs mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf movomombs cf 21 abtcjdrèbs) b ib aubi sc ic suhbf idsibjds& Abrtdjrb`èb cibedrbmb pdr ci Ibedrbtdrod mc ]cicmctcaaoñf mci OF]B mc Qbf Abrids mc Ebroidagc cf ebsc beoeiodjrb`èb y abrtdjrb`èb jcdiñjoad(cadfñhoab pueioabmb 'vcr Bfcxd OO/&

pâjofb f¼ 2?




@ojurb 2&3& Qucids mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf) adrrcspdfmocftcs b ibs ufombmcs òsodjrâòabs omcftoòabmbs& Abrtdjrb`èbcibedrbmb pdr ci Ibedrbtdrod mc ]cicmctcaaoñf mci OF]B mc Qbf Abrids mc Ebroidagc cf ebsc b eoeiodjrb`èb y abrtdjrb`èbjcdiñjoad(cadfñhoab pueioabmb 'vcr Bfcxd OO/&

pâjofb f¼ 5;




]beib 2&1& Ibjds mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf) ofmoabfmd ib supcròaoc mc abmb ufd&

Ibs supcròaocs ofmoabmbs pbrb abmb aucfab fd cquovbicf b ib supcròaoc tdtbi) sofd quc cs ib

abftombm mc gcatârcbs ofaiuombs mcftrd mc ids ièhotcs mci pbrquc Ibfèf& Ibs aucfabs quc daupbf ib

hcfdr prdpdraoñf mc supcròaoc sdf [oago Icuù) [uihbrè y Fbguci Hbpo 'hcfds mci 1# abmb ufb/&

]beib 2&=& Aucfabs gomrdjrâòabs mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf) ofmoabfmd ib supcròaoc y ci pdracftblc quc rcprcscftbpbrb ci tdtbi mci pbrquc) drmcfbmbs mc fdrtc b sur& Ib supcròaoc ofaiuyc ids aucrpds mc bjub cfabmb aucfab

pâjofb f¼ 52

Fdherc mci ibjd Qupcròaoc 'gb/

Gucaguib`qucfIâabr ]rdhcfRuoiiïfIdidj[bohüfHcioquofbAurruguïCpuib`qucfÒdrquofadGcrhdsdFdftguïRucòo@oid Gub GuhUuabagdrdoGuo(Guo

CsadfmomdIbs Aârhcfcs[oiguïHbagñfoadIo`ò Ic`qucfAurruguï AgoadUbuiè[oago Hbagñfoad@rèd

]D]BI

757:)?32?:)=575:);5357)55355)023:3)52122)12211)3750)0002)5=:=)1=0:)?=;?)7=;:)21=0)11;3):

5?3)?257)1253)122:)12;0)1=5);10)051)50)5

1;201

Aucfabs Qupcròaoc 'gb/ [dracftblc

[uihbrè

UuabagdrdoRuoiiïf[oago IcuùFbguci HbpoHbiicdAgohcguèfAurruguïRuoiquogucGub GuhGcrhdsdHcioquofb@oid Gub Guh

]D]BI

22=7:)7

2=:02):32=02)32223)=22??5)01=3;=)3?01?1)?20:;1)1=211:)1:033?);2:205)?21=0=)353::3)3

=25=2?)7

5)7

1)025)3;)15)?7)=51)==)22;);27)0=)51)10)5




pâjofb f¼ 55

@ojurb 2&0& Aucfabs gomrdjrâòabs mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf) ofmoabfmd ci pcrèhctrd mci pbrquc pbrb pdmcr vosubiozbr ib cxtcfsoñf mc abmb ufb mc ibs aucfabs mcftrd mc ids ièhotcs mci hoshd&




Ci sojuocftc fovci mc suemovosoñf) tcfmocftc b `baoiotbr ci bfâiosos b ufb hbydr csabib mc mctbiic)

adfsostoñ cf movomor ibs 21 aucfabs cf sueaucfabs& [brb ciid sc mojotbiozñ ib sueaucfab cf pbftbiib

sderc ufb ohbjcf Bstcr) mc baucrmd b ids sojuocftcs arotcrods cf drmcf mc ohpdrtbfaob< 2/ ièhotcs

fbturbics cvomcftcs 'bitbs auhercs y movosdrobs mc bjubs/ quc ofaiuèb brrdyds d rèds mc 2¼) 5¼ y 1¼

drmcf> 5/ tbhbòd) mc `drhb tbi mc mcòfor sueaucfabs hbydrcs b 0;; gcatârcbs) bjrupbfmd b ibs mc

hcfdr tbhbòd adf sueaucfabs vcaofbs> 1/ hbfcld) mcòfocfmd scatdrcs y supcròaocs quc pcrhotbf ci

hbfcld y ci adftrbidr mcsmc ufb ufombm dpcrbtovb sohpic) tdhbfmd adhd clc b ibs scaaodfbics mc

jubrmbpbrqucs cxostcftcs&

Ci pbrquc qucmñ movomomd cf 22? sueaucfabs) adf uf fühcrd vbrobeic mc sueaucfabs pdr

aucfab) y tbheoïf adf ufb jrbf vbrobaoñf cf ci tbhbòd hcmod mc abmb ufb cf ibs mo`crcftcs aucfabs&

Ibs aucfabs adf hbydr abftombm mc sueaucfabs ùcrdf Agohcguèf) Gub Guh) y Ruoiiïf) y ibs mc

hcfdr abftombm mc sueaucfabs ùcrdf [oago Icuù y Gcrhdsd ']beib 2&3&/&

]beib 2&3& Movosoñf mc ibs aucfabs gomrdjrâòabs mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf) cf sueaucfabs ofmoabfmd ci fühcrdmc sueaucfabs pdr aucfab) ib supcròaoc hcmob y ci crrdr cstâfmbr& Aucfabs drmcfbmbs cf scftomd fdrtc(sur& Ib

supcròaoc fd ofaiuyc ids aucrpds mc bjub cf abmb sueaucfab&

Ibs aucfabs adf ibs sueaucfabs mc hbydr tbhbòd cf prdhcmod) pdr cfaohb mci prdhcmod

jcfcrbi) ucrdf Gcrhdsd) Aurruguï) Ruoiquoguc) @oid Gub Guh y Agohcguèf ']beib 2&3&/& Ibs quc tocfcf

ibs sueaucfabs mc hcfdr tbhbòd sdf ibs aucfabs [oago Icuù) Hcioquofb) Ruoiiïf y [uihbrè&

pâjofb f¼ 51

Aucfabs F¼ sueaucfabs Qupcròaoc hcmob Crrdr cstâfmbr

[uihbrè

Uuabagdrdo

Ruoiiïf

[oago Icuù

Fbguci Hbpo

Hbiicd

Agohcguèf

Aurruguï

Ruoiquoguc

Gub Guh

Gcrhdsd

Hcioquofb

@oid Gub Guh

]dtbi$jcfcrbi

=

3

5;

2

=

2;

5=

=

2;

55

1

3

:

22?

500?

57:?

5=5?

2223

5??3

1203

13;0

=203

177;

127:

3==1

5=50

1372

15;:

2;02

?=3

17=

(

2;35

=2=

1?3

:=2

:52

=75

55;3

33;

7=3




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Delctovds jcfcrbics mci [brquc y ib Ucscrvb Fbaodfbi Ibfèf&

Ci [ibf mc Hbfcld [rciohofbr mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf 'B[F) 2??:/) adftchpib ids sojuocftcs

delctovds jcfcrbics pbrb ci [brquc y ib Ucscrvb Fbaodfbi Ibfèf<

2& Adfscrvbr hucstrbs rcprcscftbtovbs mc ids cadsostchbs bfmofds fdrpbtbjñfoads y mc su

eodmovcrsombm) bscjurbfmd ib adftofuombm mc ids prdacsds fbturbics&

5& [rdtcjcr ibs bitbs aucfabs gomrdiñjoabs) bscjurbfmd ci hbftcfohocftd mc ids prdacsds mc

rcjuibaoñf gèmroab&

1& [rcscrvbr ci pbtrohdfod pbosblèstoad y fbturbi mci aubi mcpcfmc ci pdtcfaobi turèstoad rcjodfbi&

=& Adfscrvbr ci pbtrohdfod auiturbi&

3& D`rcacr ârcbs y `baoiombmcs pbrb ci turoshd y ib rcarcbaoñf cf adftbatd adf ib fbturbiczb&

0& Adftroeuor bi mcsbrrdiid rcjodfbi ùfmbhcftbihcftc b trbvïs mc ib prcscrvbaoñf mc ids rcaursds

mc vbidr turèstoad) mc ib eodmovcrsombm y mc ib prdmuaaoñf mc eocfcs y scrvoaods adhpbtoeics adf

ci abrâatcr prdtcjomd mci ârcb&

:& [rdhdvcr ib ofvcstojbaoñf mci ârcb cf sus bspcatds fbturbics) auiturbics y sdaobics&

7& [rdpoaobr ci adfdaohocftd püeioad mc ids rcaursds prdtcjomds) bsè adhd ib adhprcfsoñf mc ids

prdacsds fbturbics y auiturbics hâs rcicvbftcs mci ârcb&

Delctovds cspcaèòads mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf&

[dr dtrd ibmd) adftchpib ids sojuocftcs delctovds cspcaèòads pbrb ci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf<

2& Adfscrvbr ufb hucstrb rcprcscftbtovb mci jrbmocftc ibtotumofbi mc cadsostchbs bfmofds

cxostcftcs cftrc bprdxohbmbhcftc ids 1?¼ y =;¼ 5;* mc ibtotum sur&

5& Adfscrvbr hucstrbs rcprcscftbtovbs mc ids mostoftds sostchbs cadiñjoads prcscftcs) y cf

pbrtoauibr mc ibs sojuocftcs adhufombmcs) pdeibaodfcs y$d rbsjds `èsoads mc vbidr cspcaobi<

º Adhufombmcs fd rcprcscftbmbs cf dtrbs ârcbs prdtcjombs fbaodfbics y mc mostroeuaoñf rcstrofjomb

cf ids edsqucs suebftârtoads< edsqucs mc brbuabrob) edsqucs mc rbuiè) edsqucs mc rdeic pciièf&

º Gâeotbts y pdeibaodfcs quc bscjurcf ib adftofuombm mc ibs sojuocftcs cspcaocs `bufèstoabs

bhcfbzbmbs) cfmïhoabs d mc mostroeuaoñf rcstrofjomb< [umu pumu 'pumü/) Atcfdhys hbuiofus

'tuad(tuad/) Datdmdf sp&) Badfbchys sbjco) Iodibchus tcfuos 'ibjbrtolb oromosacftc/) Iodibchus

sp& fdvb 'ibjbrtolb mc adib bfoiibmb/) @cios juojfb 'jbtd guoòb/&

º Ubsjds jcdhdr`diñjoads bsdaobmds b cfñhcfds mc vuiabfoshd< vdiabfcs< Ibfèf) Gubfquoguc)Aiuafü(Aguhporü> tcrhbs< Ibgucf(añ) Rucòo> adibmbs mc ibvb< Csadrobi) Ibfèf&

pâjofb f¼ 5=






@ojurb 2&:& Abtcjdrèbs mc hbfcld scjüf ib icjosibaoñf vojcftc cf ci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf) mosarohofbmbs cf pbrqucfbaodfbi) rcscrvb fbaodfbi y rcscrvb fbturbi cstroatb& ]bheoïf sc ofmoab ib ueoabaoñf mc ids scrvoaods turèstoads mcmostoftd topd cf ci pbrquc fbaodfbi&

pâjofb f¼ 50




BQ[CA]DQ MCHDJUÂ@OADQ

Adhufombmcs Hbpuagc&

Cf ci pbrquc Ibfèf gbeotbf soctc Adhufombmcs hbpuagc quc sdf oftcjrbftcs mci [uceid Fbaoñf

Hbpuagc) quc daupbeb drojofbihcftc uf tcrrotdrod quc sc cxtcfmèb mcsmc ci daïbfd Btiâftoad bi daïbfd

[baèòad cf ibs zdfbs acftrd y sur mc Brjcftofb y Agoic& Batubihcftc sdf ufbs 3;; `bhoiobs) quc sc

trbmuacf cf ufbs 53;; pcrsdfbs quc daupbf bprdxohbmbhcftc ufbs 5=;;; gcatârcbs& Ibs sotubaodfcs

mc abmb adhufombm adf rcspcatd b ib tcfcfaob mc sus tocrrbs sdf vbrobeics) ofaiuycfmd b adhufombmcs

adf tètuids mc prdpocmbm adhufotbrob) gbstb adhufombmcs quc cstâf cf zdfb mc pbrquc fbaodfbi ypomcf ib rcabtcjdrozbaoñf b rcscrvb fbaodfbi&

Ib hbydrèb mc ibs `bhoiobs sdf pcqucòds prdmuatdrcs) arobfacrds) ùfmbhcftbihcftc pbrb ci

butdadfsuhd y cf huy pdads absds adf cxacmcftcs pbrb adhcraobiozbr& Ibs batovombmcs hâs

trbmoaodfbics sdf mci ruerd bjrdjbfbmcrd) adf jbfbmd edvofd) dvofd y abprofd) gucrtbs `bhoiobrcs y cf

bijufds absds pcqucòbs prdmuaaodfcs mc `rutbs òfbs& Cf ci ruerd `drcstbi) prcmdhofb ib cxtrbaaoñf mc

icòb y cf pdads absds gby pibfcs mc hbfcld `drcstbi pbrb cxtrbaaoñf mc hbmcrb cf poc) batubihcftc

cf rcvosoñf& Hâs rcaocftchcftc) adhd pbrtc mc ib eüsqucmb mc movcrsoòabaoñf prdmuatovb) sc gbfofadrpdrbmd batovombmcs iojbmbs bi turoshd) adhd hbfclds mc ârcbs mc babhpc) abebijbtbs d cibedrbaoñf

mc brtcsbfèbs pbrb ib vcftb&

Mcsmc ci puftd mc vostb sdaodcadfñhoad) ufb sotubaoñf mc prcabrocmbm cfjideb b tdmbs ibs

adhufombmcs) adf sus fcacsombmcs eâsoabs ofsbtos`cagbs) id quc adfmoaodfb cscfaobihcftc ib cstrbtcjob

prdmuatovb y mc suesostcfaob& Bprdxohbmbhcftc ci 0;# mc ibs `bhoiobs 'd pdeibaodfcs/ sc cfaucftrbf

pdr mcebld mc ib ièfcb mc pderczb y$d ofmojcfaob 'Dsombib) 5;;5/& Csb of`drhbaoñf) luftd b dtrbs rc`crombs

b ibs abrbatcrèstoabs mc ids sostchbs prdmuatovds chpicbmds) y ibs pbrtoauibrombmcs mc adftbr adf ufcspbaod `èsoad badtbmd y uf arcaohocftd pdeibaodfbi hcmod bfubi mc 53# 'Dsombib) 5;;5/) cvomcfaob ci

bjdtbhocftd mc ids rcaursds y ib `bitb mc sustcftbeoiombm cf huagbs mc ibs prâatoabs utoiozbmbs& Cf ci

Bfcxd OOO sc prcscftb ufb mcsaropaoñf softïtoab mc ibs soctc Adhufombmcs hbpuagc mci pbrquc Ibfèf

'Guoiopâf y dtrds) 5;;=/&

[deibmdrcs prccxostcftcs&

Aubfmd ci pbrquc Ibfèf ùc arcbmd cf 2?1:) sc dtdrjbrdf [crhosds [rcabrods mc Daupbaoñf y

[bstblc '[&[&D&[&/ b ids pdeibmdrcs quc qucmbrdf ofaiuomds mcftrd mci ârcb prdtcjomb) ids quc cf ci

pâjofb f¼ 5:




absd mc pdeibmdrcs arodiids) yb cstbebf cf ib zdfb mcsmc profaopods mc 2?;;& Ci pcrhosd crb pcrsdfbi

c oftrbfs`croeic y abmuabeb b ib hucrtc mci totuibr) pcsc b id aubi ids mcsacfmocftcs mc ids totuibrcs

adftofubrdf daupbfmd y utoiozbfmd ibs zdfbs butdrozbmbs b sus bftcacsdrcs& Cstbs moòauitbmcs goaocrdfquc cf 2??2 ib Bmhofostrbaoñf mc [brqucs Fbaodfbics rcadfdaocrb drhbihcftc b cstds bscftbhocftds)

bmhotocfmd ib pcrhbfcfaob mc ids pdeibmdrcs quc auhpièbf mctcrhofbmbs adfmoaodfcs 'B[F) 2??:/&

Ibs 2= pdeibaodfcs arodiibs cstâf profaopbihcftc adfacftrbmbs cf ib hbrjcf sur mci ibjd Ididj

y cf ib aucfab mc ids ibjds Iâabr y Fdftguï& Ib abso tdtbiombm mc ids pdeibmdrcs rcbiozbf batovombmcs

jbfbmcrbs 'edvofds y dvofds/ y cxpidtbaoñf mc icòb) cf ci hbrad mc ufb cadfdhèb mc suesostcfaob&

Ibs ârcbs b`catbmbs bi usd jbfbmcrd) y profaopbihcftc ibs utoiozbmbs adhd ofvcrfbmbs d pbrb ci pbstdrcd

tdmd ci bòd) prcscftbf cf jcfcrbi ohpdrtbftcs sojfds mc mctcrodrd 'B[F) 2??:/&

Cstbeicaohocftds provbmds&

Ibs cstbfaobs provbmbs cstâf hbydrhcftc adfacftrbmbs cf ib zdfb sur mci pbrquc 'aucfabs

Gcrhdsd) Hcioquofb y @oid Gub Guh/ y cf ib zdfb fdrtc cf ib aucfab Ruoiiïf& Daupbf pdad hâs mci 23#

mc ib supcròaoc tcrrcstrc mci pbrquc Ibfèf& Adrrcspdfmcf profaopbihcftc b jrbfmcs cstbfaobs ueoabmbs

cf ibs zdfbs mc rcscrvb fbaodfbi) prccxostcftcs b ib arcbaoñf mci pbrquc&

Ibs batovombmcs adf hbydr mcsbrrdiid sdf ib jbfbmcrb y `drcstbi) adf ufb tcfmcfaob b ib rcmuaaoñf

mc ib prohcrb c ofarchcftd mc ib scjufmb& Mcftrd mc ib prâatoab `drcstbi prcmdhofb ib pibftbaoñf y ci

hbfcld mc `drcstb(aodfcs adf cspcaocs cxñtoabs baoauibmbs) bufquc bijufds cstbeicaohocftds rcbiozbf

tbheoïf cxpidtbaodfcs mci edsquc fbtovd) ofaiuycfmd ci bprdvcagbhocftd mc hbmcrb y abòb adioguc&

Cf aubftd b ib jbfbmcrèb) ib arèb mc vbaufds cs id prcpdfmcrbftc) bufquc tbheoïf gby dvofds y

cquofds cf hcfdr abftombm& Cf ids üitohds 2;(23 bòds bijufbs cstbfaobs gbf ofoaobmd d prdùfmozbmd

ibs batovombmcs mc abzb mcpdrtovb hbydr pdr hcmod mci bprdvcagbhocftd mci cxñtoad aocrvd adidrbmd

'Acrvus cibpgus/&

Idtcds rcsomcfaobics&

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drojofbihcftc crbf cstbfaobs adf batovombm jbfbmcrb) `drcstbi d hoxtb& Mceomd b ciid fd cs mc cxtrbòbr

quc cstïf adfacftrbmds profaopbihcftc cf ib zdfb sur mci pbrquc Ibfèf& Bsohoshd) cxostc ufb jrbf

vbrobaoñf tbftd cf ib supcròaoc tdtbi mc abmb idtcd adhd cf ci tbhbòd prdhcmod mc abmb idtc) quc

pucmc vbrobr cftrc 22;; y 213;; h5& Cf ib tcracrb scaaoñf mc cstc of`drhc sc rcbiozb uf bfâiosos hâs

mctbiibmd mc ids abheods cf ci fovci mc daupbaoñf c`catovb mc ids idtcs) ibs aoraufstbfaobs gostñroabs

quc prdmulcrdf csc abheod) ids ohpbatds bsdaobmds y ibs prdpucstbs mc hdmoòabaoñf mc ib rcjibhcftbaoñf

tcfmocftc b rcmuaor cstc prdeichb pdtcfaobihcftc jrbvc&

pâjofb f¼ 57




SQDQ _ BA]OPOMBMCQ HÂQ UCICPBF]CQ CF CI[BURSC FBAODFBI IBFÈF

Qc hcfaodfñ bftcrodrhcftc quc hâs mci =;# mci pbrquc cxgoec ib abtcjdrèb mc rcscrvb fbaodfbi)

ib aubi pcrhotc usds cxtrbatovds rcjuibmds y ci usd rcarcbtovd turèstoad cxtcfsovd c oftcfsovd) adf

prcscfaob mc of`rbcstruaturb 'scrvoaods/& Dtrd =;# mci pbrquc) quc rcvostc prcaosbhcftc ib abtcjdrèb

mc pbrquc fbaodfbi) butdrozb ids usds rcarcbtovds cxtcfsovds& ]dmb csb sotubaoñf) suhbmb b ib prcscfaob

mc mostoftds bscftbhocftds guhbfds) gbac quc cf eucfb pbrtc mc su supcròaoc) ci pbrquc Ibfèf

cxgoeb uf adhpicld hdsboad mc usds& Ids usds y batovombmcs profaopbics sdf ib jbfbmcrèb) ci turoshd y

ib batovombm `drcstbi cf sus mostoftbs vbrobftcs& Ci bfâiosos hâs mctbiibmd mc csds usds sc rcbiozb cf ibtcracrb scaaoñf mc cstc of`drhc&

Jbfbmcrèb&

Ib hbydr pbrtc mc ids bscftbhocftds guhbfds prcscftcs cf ci pbrquc mcsbrrdiibf batovombmcs

jbfbmcrbs mc mostoftd topd scjüf ci absd& Cf ci absd mc ids [[D[ y mc ibs Adhufombmcs hbpuagc)

fdrhbihcftc sc trbtb mc ufb cadfdhèb mc suesostcfaob ebsbmb cf ib jbfbmcrèb) adf ib hbydr pbrtc mc

su prdmuaaoñf mcstofbmb bi butdadfsuhd&Ci pbstdrcd cs jcfcrbihcftc cxtcfsovd y sof bibherbmds& Cstd moòauitb ib bpioabaoñf mc sostchbs

mc hbfcld bprdpobmds tbics adhd rdtbaodfcs mc aubmrds y pibfoòabaoñf mc scrvoaods& Qc sucic utoiozbr

ci sostchb mc mcspibzbhocftds cstbaodfbics mci jbfbmd adf abhpds mc vcrbfbmb c ofvcrfbmb) utoiozbfmd

adstbs mc ibjds y vbiics eblds cf ofvocrfd y ids `bimcds y vbiics bitds y hbiiofcs mc hdftbòb cf ids

hcscs hâs aâiomds 'datuerc b beroi/& Cf aocrtds absds) ids bfohbics sdf hbftcfomds tdmd ci bòd cf

abhpds eblds& Cf tïrhofds gostñroads rcaocftcs) ib batovombm jbfbmcrb jidebi cf ci pbrquc gb mcaiofbmd)

bi hcfds cf id quc gbac b ib supcròaoc daupbmb murbftc ids üitohds 5; bòds&

Batovombm drcstbi&

Ids bprdvcagbhocftds `drcstbics adhprcfmcf cxpidtbaodfcs mc hbmcrb) abòb y icòb cf ids

edsqucs fbtovds) adfmuaombs cf tocrrbs osabics y provbmbs mc ib rcscrvb fbaodfbi) bsè adhd ib pibftbaoñf

y ci hbfcld mc `drcstbaodfcs adf cspcaocs cxñtoabs quc sc rcbiozb cf prdpocmbmcs provbmbs mc ib

rcscrvb& Batubihcftc ibs batovombmcs quc ohpioabf ci hbfcld mci edsquc fbtovd sdf cxojubs& Qof chebrjd)

cxostcf jrbfmcs cxtcfsodfcs mci pbrquc Ibfèf quc buf hucstrbf ids c`catds mc ufb cxpidtbaoñf

hbmcrcrb oftcfsb) tbftd cf `drhb prcvob b ib arcbaoñf mci pbrquc '2?1:/ adhd murbftc ibs prohcrbs

mïabmbs mc su cxostcfaob) gbstb ib mïabmb mci ‟0;& [rdebeichcftc ci rbuiè gbyb somd ib cspcaoc quc

pâjofb f¼ 5?




hâs su`roñ ib sderccxpidtbaoñf murbftc csc pcrèdmd gostñroad) pdr ib abiombm mc su hbmcrb y ci

adfscaucftc vbidr mc hcrabmd& B pbrtor mc ids ‗7; sc ofstruhcftñ ib deiojbaoñf mc rcbiozbr [ibfcs mc

Drmcfbaoñf mc ibs supcròaocs mcstofbmbs b su bprdvcagbhocftd y ib bpioabaoñf mc uf sostchb mcadrtbs bmcaubmd bi arcaohocftd y abrbatcrèstoabs cadiñjoabs mc ibs cspcaocs) quc pcrhotocscf uf

bprdvcagbhocftd sdstcfomd mc ids edsqucs ebld hbfcld 'B[F) 2??:/& Batubihcftc) ib pdab supcròaoc

mcstofbmb bi hbfcld mci edsquc fbtovd adf òfcs hbmcrcrds sc aoraufsaroec abso pdr adhpictd b ib

aucfab Gub Guh 'ofhcmobaodfcs mci ibjd Iâabr/&

[dr dtrd ibmd) ib batovombm mc pibftbaoñf y hbfcld mc cspcaocs drcstbics cxñtoabs gb omd arcaocfmd

cf ibs üitohbs mïabmbs) adf ci pofd pdfmcrdsb adhd cspcaoc mdhofbftc& Ci profaopbi füaicd mc

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aucfabs bustrbics mc Hcioquofb y @oid Gub Guh Cf pbrtoauibr) ib bsdaobaoñf mci òorc adfbrbuabrob tocfc su hbydr cxprcsoñf cf ibs aucfabs Uuabagdrdo) Ruoiiïf y Fbguci Hbpo

Ibs ufombmcs vcjctbics mdhofbmbs pdr icfjb) sdib d cf bsdaobaoñf adf dtrbs cspcaocs) sdf

mc ibs hâs ueoaubs mcftrd mci pbrquc) mc hbfcrb sohoibr b id quc daurrc adf ids edsqucs mc

òorc Qu prcscfaob mdhofbftc rcìclb adfmoaodfcs mc guhcmbm y mc bitotum 'hbydr b ib mci

adoguc/) quc pucmcf cfadftrbrsc cf tdmd ci pbrquc Adhd ufombmcs mc mostroeuaoñf rcst rofjomb

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@ojurb 5&2& Hbpbs mc ibs ufombmcs mc vcjctbaoñf cf ib zdfb fdrtc mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf) adf ibs abtcjdrèbs

mcòfombs b csabib 2<2;;&;;;

pâjofb f¼ =?




@ojurb 5&5& Hbpb mc ibs ufombmcs mc vcjctbaoñf cf ib zdfb acftrd mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf) adf ibs abtcjdrèbsmcòfombs b csabib 2<2;;&;;;&

pâjofb f¼ 3;




@ojurb 5&1& Hbpb mc ibs ufombmcs mc vcjctbaoñf cf ib zdfb mc ids ibjds Iâabr y Ididj cf ci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf)adf ibs abtcjdrèbs mcòfombs b csabib 2<2;;&;;;&

[brb ci absd mc ufb cspcaoc cheichâtoab mci [brquc Ibfèf adhd ci rbuiè) sc descrvb quc ids

edsqucs mdhofbmds pdr csb cspcaoc) sof cspcaocs badhpbòbftcs mc ohpdrtbfaob) sc adfacftrbf cf ib

aucfab mci rèd Gcrhdsd '@ojurb 5&=&/& Ib bsdaobaoñf mci edsquc mc rbuiè adf adoguc cs abrbatcrèstoab

mc ib aucfab Gub Guh profaopbihcftc) scjuomb mc ibs aucfabs Ruoiquoguc) Ruoiiïf y Hbiicd&

Cf aubftd b dtrb cspcaoc mc bjâacb cheichâtoab mci pbrquc adhd cs ci rdeic pciièf) descrvbhds

quc bi hcfds trcs mc ibs bsdaobaodfcs mdhofbmbs pdr csb breñrcb sdf cxaiusovbs mc ufb aucfab& Csd

daurrc adf ids edsqucs mc rdeic pciièf adf brbuabrob cf ib aucfab [uihbrè '@ojurb 5&2&/ y ids edsqucs

mc rdeic pciièf adf aoprïs y mc rdeic pciièf adf rbuiè) bhebs cf ib aucfab Gub Guh '@ojurb 5&1&/& Ibs

rcstbftcs mds ufombmcs) quc sdf rdeic pciièf adhd mdhofbftc y rdeic adf adoguc) sdf cxaiusovbs cf

prohcr iujbr mc ib aucfab Ruoiiïf) scjuomb mc ib aucfab Gub Guh& Cf sèftcsos) cs ib `bjâacb quc

hucstrb ib hbydr adfacftrbaoñf cspbaobi cf ci pbrquc ']beib 5&5&/&

pâjofb f¼ 32




@ojurb 5&=& Hbpb mc ibs ufombmcs mc vcjctbaoñf cf ib zdfb sur mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf) adf ibs abtcjdrèbsmcòfombs b csabib 2<2;;&;;;&

pâjofb f¼ 35




Cf id rc`crcftc b ibs ufombmcs mc cstcpb cf sus mostoftbs vbrobftcs) ibs hoshbs cfaucftrbf

su hbydr cxprcsoñf cf ibs aucfabs quc ofjrcsbf fdtdrobhcftc gbaob ci cstc) cf scatdrcs hâs

xïroads& Cf pbrtoauibr) ibs ufombmcs mc cstcpb bsdaobmbs adf brbuabrob sdf gbiibmbs cf ib aucfab

Hbiicd) hocftrbs quc ibs cstcpbs breustovbs y jrbhofdsbs sc mcstbabf cf ibs aucfabs @oid Gub

Guh) Agohcguèf y Ruoiiïf& Ids pbstozbics fbturbics sc ueoabf cf scatdrcs adhpbrbtovbhcftc hâs

gühcmds b ids mc ibs cstcpbs) cf ibs aucfabs Hbiicd y Aurruguï&

Ibs ufombmcs mdhofbmbs pdr hbtdrrbics mc òorc y icfjb tocfcf ufb mostroeuaoñf ebstbftc

jcfcrbiozbmb) mc hdmd sohoibr b id quc daurrc adf ids edsqucs mc csbs hoshbs cspcaocs& Adhd

absds cspcaobics sc pucmcf mcstbabr ids hbtdrrbics mc òorc adf brbuabrob) aoraufsaroptds b ib

hbydrèb mc ibs aucfabs quc aucftbf adf brbuabrob) b cxacpaoñf mc Uuabagdrdo) y ids hbtdrrbics

mc rbmbi) iohotbmds b ibs aucfabs Agohcguèf y Gub Guh) cf ib zdfb acftrd mci pbrquc&

Ib ufombm csadrobi cstâ prcscftc sdid cf ibs aucfabs Agohcguèf 'brrdyd Csadrobi quc

mcschedab cf ci ibjd Cpuib`qucf/ y Hbiicd 'csadrobi mci brrdyd ]ureod/& Ids schomcsocrtds mc

biturb sc gbiibf cf prdpdraodfcs vbrobeics cf tdmbs ibs aucfabs mci pbrquc) hocftrbs quc idsschomcsocrtds quc fd cstâf vofauibmds b uf rbfjd bitotumofbi sdf tèpoads mc ibs aucfabs @oid Gub

Guh y Ruoiiïf&

[dr üitohd) ibs ufombmcs mc vcjbs sc gbiibf cf `drhb jcfcrbiozbmb cf abso tdmbs ibs aucfabs

mci pbrquc) cf prdpdraodfcs vbrobeics& Cf abheod) ibs vcjbs bitdbfmofbs) sdf prâatoabhcftc

cxaiusovbs mc ib aucfab Uuabagdrdo) profaopbihcftc) scjuomb mc ib aucfab Ruoiiïf ']beib 5&5&/&

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Fbaodfbi Ibfèf&

Ibs adhufombmcs vcjctbics mdhofbmbs pdr ibs trcs cspcaocs mc `bjâacbs ofaiuombs adhd

delctds mc adfscrvbaoñf mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf sc aoraufsaroecf b ufbs pdabs aucfabs)

cspcaobihcftc so adfsomcrbhds b ibs quc tocfcf ufb supcròaoc mcstbabeic adf bijufb mc cstbs

pâjofb f¼ 31




@ojurb 5&3& Qupcròaoc daupbmb pdr ufombmcs mc vcjctbaoñf mdhofbmbs pdr brbuabrob) rdeic pciièf y rbuiè cfmostoftbs aucfabs mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf& Aucfabs drmcfbmbs cf scftomd fdrtc(sur&

pâjofb f¼ 3=

; 5;;; =;;; 0;;; 7;;; 2;;;; 25;;; 2=;;; 20;;; 27;;;

Gub Guh

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A u c f a b s

Qupcròaoc 'gbs&/

Brbuabrob Udeic pciièf Ubuiè

ufombmcs& Ib profaopbi aucfab pbrb ib brbuabrob cs Ruoiiïf adf abso ci =3# mc ib supcròaoc) scjuomb

mc ibs aucfabs Uuabagdrdo) Fbguci Hbpo) [uihbrè y Hbiicd '@ojurb 5&3&/& [brb ci absd mci

rdeic pciièf) ibs mds aucfabs profaopbics sdf Gub Guh y Ruoiiïf) id quc mcstbab fucvbhcftc

ib bjrcjbaoñf cspbaobi mc ib cspcaoc& [dr üitohd) ci rbuiè cfaucftrb su hbydr rcprcscftbaoñf

cf ib aucfab Gub Guh '00#/) scjuomb adf supcròaocs hbrabmbhcftc hcfdrcs cf ibs aucfabs

Ruoiquoguc) Ruoiiïf y Hbiicd '@ojurb 5&3&/&

Mcftrd mc ibs aucfabs adf cspcaocs breñrcbs quc sdf delctd mc adfscrvbaoñf mci

[brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf sc mcstbab ib aucfab Ruoiiïf adf prcscfaob mc edsqucs mdhofbmds

pdr brbuabrob y rdeic pcii èf profaopbihcftc) y rbuiè cf hcfdr hcmomb& Ib aucfab Gub

Guh tbheoïf sc mcstbab pdr ib prcscfaob mc hbsbs edsadsbs ohpdrtbftcs mdhofbmbs pdr

rdeic pciièf y rbuiè&




SFOMBMCQ CADIÑJOABQ 'BHEOCF]CQ/MCI [BURSC FBAODFBI IBFÈF

Hctdmdidjèb mc bfâiosos

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cibedrbmd pdr ci OF]B Ebroidagc) ebsbmd cf ibs Abrtbs Jcdiñjoad(Cadfñhoad mc ib prdvofaob mci Fcuquïf

'csabib 2<5;;&;;;/ y ci mc ufombmcs mc vcjctbaoñf 'csabib 2< 2;;&;;;/ cibedrbmd cf cstc prdycatd

'@ojurbs 5&2&) 5&5&) 5&1& y 5&=&/& Mci bfâiosos mc vcjctbaoñf sc tdhbrdf ibs jrbfmcs Aibscs 'Edsquc)

Hbtdrrbi) [bstozbi) Qchomcsocrtd) Cstcpb y Pcjbs/) bjrupâfmdibs cf aubtrd aibscs bi ufoòabr [bstozbics)

Cstcpbs y Pcjbs cf ib ufombm [BQ]O\BI& Ib aibsc Edsqucs y hbtdrrbics cf zdfbs gühcmbs y sue(

gühcmbs sc suemovomoñ cf edsqucs ibto`diobmds 'mdhofbmds pdr Fdtgd`bjus spp& d cspcaocs mc gdlb

bfagb/ y cf edsqucs mc Brbuabrob 'mdhofbmds pdr Brbuabrob brbuabfb/& Cf ib zdfb xïroab)

ofmcpcfmocftchcftc mc su adhpdsoaoñf cspcaèòab) ids edsqucs y hbtdrrbics) sc bjrupbrdf cf edsqucs

mc trbfsoaoñf) adfsomcrbfmd ibs jrbfmcs mo`crcfaobs cf ci ùfaodfbhocftd mc cstbs adhufombmcs

vcjctbics& Cstds 1 bjrupbhocftds vcjctbics adfstotuycf ib ebsc mc ib aibsoòabaoñf mc trcs mc ibs

ufombmcs cadiñjoabs mcfdhofbmbs IB]O@DIOBMB) BUBSABFB y ]UBFQOAOÑF) rcspcatovbhcftc&

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adhpbrbtovd& Cf ci absd mci [brquc Fbguci Gubpo) ibs zdfbs edsadsbs ùcrdf movomombs cf mds

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mcsbrrdiib csb cspcaoc prcscftb adfmoaodfcs tdpdjrâòabs) aiohâtoabs) ìdrèstoabs y `bufèstoabs quc lustoòabf su scpbrbaoñf& Ib aibsoòabaoñf mc ibs ufombmcs sc ebsñ cftdfacs cf ib oftcjrbaoñf mc ids

jrbfmcs topds mc vcjctbaoñf y mc ib prcaopotbaoñf) mcòfocfmd scos ufombmcs cadiñjoabs ']beib 5&1&/&

pâjofb f¼ 33




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3& Mcpñsotds jibaobrods d hdrcfbs&

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:& Qupcròaoc mc crdsoñf d pcmohcftds&

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2=& Adfds vdiaâfoads&

Cstbs ufombmcs) quc b su vcz cstâf adrrcibaodfbmbs adf ids jrbfmcs topds mc sucid) ùcrdf

bjrupbmbs cf aubtrd aibscs mc hbydr lcrbrquèb scjüf su drojcf jcdiñjoad prcmdhofbftc y su daurrcfaob

cf ci tochpd<

º @iuvobi

º Pdiaâfoad

º Jibaobrod

º Jrbfètoad

pâjofb f¼ 30

Sfombm cadiñjoab

BI]DBFMOFB

BUBSABFB

IB]O@DIOBMB

[BQ]O\BI

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Qchomcsocrtds mc biturb) vcjbs mc biturb)brcfbics y bìdrbhocftds rdadsds&

Edsqucs y hbtdrrbics adf prcscfaob mc Brbuabrob

Edsqucs mc Fdtgd`bjus spp&y mc vcjctbaoñf breñrcb y breustovb adf gdlb bfagb

Hbiiofcs) mcitbs y hcbfmrds cf zdfbs roecrcòbssof vcjctbaoñf breñrcb) prbmcrbs fbturbics yprbmcrbs bftrdpozbmbs

Edsqucs y hbtdrrbics mc cspcaocs ibto`diobmbsd mc adfè`crbs

Cstcpbs gcreâacbs) breustovbs y suebreustovbs

Uïjohcf mc guhcmbm

Gühcmd y sue(gühcmd




Wïroad

Wïroad




]dmbs ibs rcaibsoòabaodfcs mc ids hbpbs mc vcjctbaoñf y jcdhdr`didjèb sc rcbiozbrdf cf

BraPocw® hcmobftc ci sostchb vcatdrobi) hocftrbs quc ib of`drhbaoñf sderc prcaopotbaodfcs sc trbeblñ

cf `drhbtd rbstcr& Ib oftcjrbaoñf òfbi mc ibs abpbs tchâtoabs rcaibsoòabmbs tbheoïf sc rcbiozñ cf

`drhbtd vcatdrobi&

Ibs aubtrd aibscs ebsbmbs cf jcdhdr`didjèb sc utoiozbrdf pbrb suemovomor ibs ufombmcs yb

hcfaodfbmbs cf mostrotds) adfluftbhcftc adf ci rïjohcf mc guhcmbm) oftcftbfmd uf bjrupbhocftd

iñjoad quc jcfcrbsc pdièjdfds adf ufb supcròaoc bprdxohbmbhcftc hbydr b ibs 23;; gcatârcbs& Mci

prdmuatd mc ib oftcjrbaoñf surjoñ ib aibsoòabaoñf mc ibs ufombmcs cadiñjoabs cf mostrotds ']beib 5&=&/&

Ibs ufombmcs BUBSABFB _ [BQ]O\BI ucrdf suemovomombs cf mostrotds adfsomcrbfmd sdibhcftc

ci rïjohcf mc guhcmbm& Cstd decmcaoñ b quc ci pbtrñf jcdhdr`diñjoad mcftrd mc abmb ufombm cstbeb

mdhofbmd cf `drhb abso besdiutb pdr ufb sdib aibsc) hocftrbs quc ibs rcstbftcs `drhbebf pdièjdfds

mc csabsb supcròaoc) sof ibs adfmoaodfcs pbrb drhbr mostrotds& Ibs ufombmcs BI]DBFMOFB y CQ]C[BUOBfd pdsccf mostrotds&

Ucprcscftbaoñf mc bheocftcs cf ci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf

Ib rcprcscftbaoñf mc ids mo`crcftcs bheocftcs d ufombmcs cadiñjoabs cf ci [brquc Fbaodfbi

Ibfèf hucstrb ufb aibrb mdhofbfaob mc ib ufombm IB]O@DIOBMB& Cf uf scjufmd jrupd sc ueoabf ibs

ufombmcs BI]DBFMOFB y BUBSABFB) adf supcròaocs iojcrbhcftc hbydrcs bi 2;# '@ojurb 5&0/& Qc

descrvb cftdfacs quc hâs mci 7;# mc ids bheocftcs mci pbrquc sdf mc topd edsadsd) cf susmostoftbs vbrobftcs&

]beib 5&=& [rofaopbics mostrotds cadiñjoads) quc adfstotuycf suemovosodfcs mc ibs ufombmcs cadiñjoabs d bheocftcs mc ofomds pbrbci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf) cf ebsc b ids rcjèhcfcs mc guhcmbm pdsoeics y ids jrbfmcs topds jcdhdr`diñjoads&

pâjofb f¼ 3:

Sfombm cadiñjoab Añmojd Mostrotds

IB]O@DIOBMB

BUBSABFB

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Edsqucs gühcmds ibto`diobmds sderc sustrbtd ìuvobi

Edsqucs gühcmds ibto`diobmds sderc sustrbtd jibaobrod

Edsqucs gühcmds ibto`diobmds sderc sustrbtd vdiaâfoad

Edsqucs sue(gühcmds ibto`diobmds sderc sustrbtd ìuvobi

Edsqucs sue(gühcmds ibto`diobmds sderc sustrbtd jibaobrod

Edsqucs gühcmds mc brbuabrob sderc sustrbtds ìuvobics)jibaobrods d rdadsds$vdiaâfoadsEdsqucs sue(gühcmds mc brbuabrob sderc sustrbtdsìuvobics) jibaobrods d rdadsds$vdiaâfoads

Edsqucs d hbtdrrbics xïroads sderc sustrbtds rdadsds d vdiaâfoads

Edsqucs d hbtdrrbics xïroads sderc sustrbtd jibaobrod

Edsqucs d hbtdrrbics xïroads sderc sustrbtd ìuvobi

[bstozbics) hbiiofcs) mcitbs d prbmcrbs bftrdpozbmbscf zdfbs gühcmbs

[bstozbics) hbiiofcs) mcitbs d prbmcrbs bftrdpozbmbscf zdfbs sue(gühcmbs




Cf aubftd bi jrbmd mc rcprcscftbaoñf mc ids mo crcftcs mostrotds cadiñjoads) mcftrd mc ib ufombm mdhofbftc

IB]O@DIOBMB) ids profaopbics mostrotds sdf ci gühcmd y sue(gühcmd jibaobrod 'IGJ y IQJ/& Mcftrd mc ib ufombm

BUBSABFB) ci mostrotd adf hbydr rcprcscftbaoñf cs ci sue(gühcmd 'BQ/) bi ojubi quc daurrc adf ib ufombm

[BQ]O\BI '[Q/& [brb ib ufombm ]UBFQOAOÑF) ci profaopbi mostrotd cs ci abrbatcrozbmd pdr ufb jcdhdr`didjèb jibaobrob

']J> ojurb 5&:&/& Ib mostroeuaoñf jcdjrâ oab jcfcrbi mc ufombmcs cadiñjoabs y mostrotds pucmc descrvbrsc cf ibs

ojurbs 5&7& y 5&2;&

Ucprcscftbaoñf y movcrsombm mc ufombmcs y mostrotds cadiñjoads cf ibs aucfabs mci [brquc

Fbaodfbi Ibfèf&

Mc ibs 21 aucfabs mci [brquc Ibfèf) sdid = aucfabs pdsccf ârcbs ohpdrtbftcs adf ibs 0 ufombmcs

cadiñjoabs adfsomcrbmbs 'Uuabagdrdo) Ruoiiïf) Fbguci Hbpo y Agohcguèf/& B su vcz) mc ids 0 jrbfmcs

bheocftcs) ib ufombm BI]DBFMOFB cstâ prcscftc cf tdmbs ibs aucfabs) ibs ufombmcs IB]O@DIOBMB y

[BQ]O\BI cf 25 aucfabs) ibs ufombmcs BUBSABFB y ]UBFQOAOÑF cf : aucfabs y ib ufombm CQ]C[BUOB

cf 0 aucfabs ']beib 5&3&/&

]beib 5&0& [rdpdraoñf mc supcr oaoc daupbmb pdr ibs mo crcftcs ufombmcs cadiñjoabs d bheocftcs cf ci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf&

]beib 5&:& [rdpdraoñf mc supcròaoc daupbmb pdr ids mo`crcftcs mostrotds cadiñjoads cf ci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf& Pcr

rc`crcfaobs mc añmojds cf ib scaaoñf mc hctdmdidjèb&

pâjofb f¼ 37

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Ib ufombm BI]DBFMOFB tocfc su hcldr rcprcscftbaoñf cf ib aucfab Agohcguèf) scjuomb mc ib

aucfab Ruoiquoguc& Ciid cstâ mbmd profaopbihcftc pdr ib jrbf supcròaoc quc daupbf ibs ibmcrbs mci

vdiaâf Ibfèf& Ib ufombm IB]O@DIOBMB cs cspcaobihcftc ohpdrtbftc cf ibs aucfabs Gub Guh y Agohcguèf>

ib ufombm BUBSABFB cf ibs aucfabs Ruoiiïf) Uuabagdrdo) [uihbrè y Fbguci Hbpo> ib ufombm ]UBFQOAOÑF

cf ibs aucfabs @oid Gub Guh y Ruoiiïf> ib ufombm [BQ]O\BI cf ibs aucfabs Hbiicd) Agohcguèf y @oid

Gub Guh> y ib ufombm CQ]C[BUOB cf ibs aucfabs @oid Gub Guh y Agohcguèf ']beib 5&3&/&

[brb rcbiozbr uf bfâiosos mc ib movcrsombm bheocftbi cf abmb ufb mc ibs aucfabs sc bpioabrdf

mostoftds èfmoacs mc movcrsombm) fdrhbihcftc usbmds pbrb abrbatcrozbr ib movcrsombm mc ibs adhufombmcs

cf aubftd b ibs cspcaocs prcscftcs& Cstds èfmoacs tocfcf cf aucftb ib abftombm y ib rcprcscftbaoñf

'cquotbeoiombm/ mc abmb ufb mc ibs cspcaocs& Cf cstc absd) ibs ufombmcs cadiñjoabs ùcrdf usbmbs

adhd cquovbicftcs mc ibs cspcaocs y ibs gcatârcbs daupbmbs cf abmb aucfab sc adfsomcrbrdf

cquovbicftcs bi adftcd mc ofmovomuds mc abmb cspcaoc 'Jcrjci y ]urfcr) 5;;1/& Ids èfmoacs cstohbmds

ùcrdf ci mc Qgbffdf) ci mc Qohpsdf y ci mc Ecrjcr([brncr y ids aâiauids ùcrdf rcbiozbmds hcmobftc

suerutofbs cspcaèòabs mci prdjrbhb cstbmèstoad U 'U Mcvcidphcft Adrc ]cbh) 5;;3/&

]beib 5&3& Ucprcscftbaoñf pdracftubi mc ibs scos ufombmcs cadiñjoabs d bheocftcs cf abmb ufb mc ibs aucfabsgomrdjrâòabs mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf adf rcspcatd b ib supcròaoc tdtbi mc abmb ufombm cf ci pbrquc& Aucfabsiostbmbs cf scftomd fdrtc(sur&

pâjofb f¼ 3?

Sfombmcs cadiñjoabs

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Fbaodfbi Ibfèf&

pâjofb f¼ 0;




Qo eocf sc rcjostrbrdf mo`crcfaobs hcfdrcs cf ci rbfjd daupbmd pdr abmb aucfab adf rcspcatd

b ib movcrsombm bheocftbi abrbatcrozbmb pdr ids mostoftds èfmoacs) ibs aubtrd aucfabs hâs movcrsbs

ùcrdf Fbguci Hbpo) @oid Gub Guh) Uuabagdrdo y Ruoiiïf& Ci jrupd mc aucfabs hcfds movcrsbs cstuvd

oftcjrbmb pdr Ruoiquoguc) Gcrhdsd) [oago Icuù y Gub Guh& Ci rcstd mc ibs aucfabs daupñ rbfjds

oftcrhcmods '@ojurb 5&?&/&

[ucmc descrvbrsc quc trcs mc ibs aubtrd aucfabs adf hbydr movcrsombm sdf bquciibs quc

aucftbf adf ib tdtbiombm mc ibs ufombmcs cadiñjoabs mcftrd mc sus ièhotcs& Ib rcstbftc aucfab) @oid Gub

Guh) so eocf tocfc 3 mc ibs 0 ufombmcs) hdstrñ ufb rcprcscftbaoñf mc ufombmcs rcibtovbhcftc cquoioerbmb)

id aubi suesbfñ ib `bitb mc ib ufombm BUBSABFB) buscftc pdr trbtbrsc mc ufb aucfab mci cxtrchd sur

mci pbrquc) ùcrb mc ib zdfb mc mostroeuaoñf mc csb cspcaoc breñrcb '@ojurb 5&=&/& Ids èfmoacs mc

Qohpsdf y Ecrjcr([brncr ic mocrdf hbydr rbfjd b ibs aucfabs @oid Gub Guh y [uihbrè adf rcspcatd

bi èfmoac mc Qgbffdf) mceomd b quc cstc üitohd dtdrjb hbydr pcsd b ib roquczb mc cspcaocs) cf

cstc absd mc bheocftcs&

@ojurb 5&?& Pbidrcs mc ids èfmoacs mc Qohpsdf) Ecrjcr([brncr y Qgbffdf pbrb abmb ufb mc ibs 21 aucfabsgomrdjrâòabs mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf adf rcibaoñf b ib movcrsombm mc ufombmcs cadiñjoabs d bheocftcs&

pâjofb f¼ 02

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B su vcz) ib rbzñf pdr ib aubi ibs aucfabs adf ids hbydrcs èfmoacs prcscftbf ufb rcprcscftbaoñf

adhpictb d abso adhpictb mc ibs ufombmcs cadiñjoabs cs pdrquc ibs hoshbs sc ueoabf

jcdjrâòabhcftc mc `drhb tbi quc abptbf eucfb pbrtc mc ids jrbmocftcs bitotumofbi) ibtotumofbi y

idfjotumofbi& Cf csc scftomd) sc vucivc b mcstbabr quc ibs aucfabs Uuabagdrdo) Ruoiiïf y Fbguci

Hbpo sc cfaucftrbf cf ci scatdr fdrtc mci pbrquc y) pdr cfmc) aucftbf adf ib ufombm BUBSABFB&

Ib aucfab mc @oid Gub Guh adhpcfsb ib buscfaob mc csb ufombm adf ufb ueoabaoñf hâs drocftbi)

id aubi ic mb ufb eucfb rcprcscftbaoñf mc ibs ufombmcs ]UBFQOAOÑF y CQ]C[BUOB) hbydrhcftc

ueoabmbs gbaob ci cxtrchd cstc mci pbrquc) cf zdfbs hâs xïroabs '@ojurb 5&7&/&

Ib prcscfaob y abptbaoñf mci rbfjd mc vbrobaoñf bheocftbi b id ibrjd mc ids jrbmocftcs

bitotumofbi) idfjotumofbi 'dcstc(cstc/ y ibtotumofbi 'fdrtc(sur/ cf ufb aucfab) sc cxprcsb adf

uf vbidr cicvbmd mc ids èfmoacs mc movcrsombm bheocftbi&

Ci sojuocftc pbsd mci bfâiosos bedrmñ uf hbydr fovci mc mctbiic) bi descrvbr ib rcprcscftbaoñf

mc ids mostrotds cadiñjoads cf ibs mostoftbs aucfabs mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf ']beib 5&0&/& Mceomd

b quc ibs ufombmcs BI]DBFMOFB y CQ]C[BUOB fd aucftbf adf mostrotds) ids vbidrcs pdracftubics

ofmoabmds pdr aucfab sdf ids hoshds quc sc prcscftbrdf pbrb ci bfâiosos mc ibs ufombmcs cadiñjoabs

']beib 5&3&/&

Fofjufb mc ibs aucfabs mci pbrquc aucftb adf ib tdtbiombm mc ids mostrotds ']beib 5&0&/& Ibs

aucfabs adf hbydr abftombm mc mostrotds sdf Ruoiiïf y Agohcguèf '2;/) scjuombs mc [uihbrè)

Uuabagdrdo y Hbiicd '7 mostrotds/& Mclbfmd mc ibmd ib ufombm Bitdbfmofb quc fd tocfc mostrotds y quc

cstâ rcprcscftbmb cf tdmbs ibs aucfabs adhd yb sc hcfaodfñ) ids mostrotds prcscftcs cf ci hbydr

fühcrd mc aucfabs ùcrdf ci Ibto`diobmd sue(gühcmd jibaobrod 'IQJ) 25 aucfabs/ y ci [bstozbi

sue(gühcmd '[Q) 22 aucfabs/& [dr ci adftrbrod) ids mostrotds adf ib mostroeuaoñf jcdjrâòab hâs

rcstrofjomb sdf ci ]rbfsoaoñf vdiaâfoad ']P) aucfab @oid Gub Guh üfoabhcftc/) ci ]rbfsoaoñf ìuvobi

']@) adf jrbf mdhofbfaob mc ib aucfab Ruoiiïf/) ci Ibto`diobmd gühcmd vdiaâfoad 'IGP) 1 aucfabs

abmb ufd) adf mdhofbfaob hbrabmb mc ib aucfab Agohcguèf/ y ci [bstozbi gühcmd '[G) = aucfabs)

mdhofbmd pdr ib aucfab Agohcguèf/&

pâjofb f¼ 05




@ojurb 5&2;& Hbpb ofmoabfmd ib mostroeuaoñf jcdjrâòab mc ids mostrotds cadiñjoads cf ci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf&

pâjofb f¼ 01




@ojurb 5&0& Ucprcscftbaoñf pdracftubi mc ids 2= mostrotds cadiñjoads cf abmb ufb mc ibs aucfabs gomrdjrâòabs mci[brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf adf rcspcatd b ib supcròaoc tdtbi mc abmb mostrotd cf ci pbrquc& Aucfabs iostbmbs cf scftomdfdrtc(sur& Pcr rc`crcfaobs mc mostrotds cf ib scaaoñf mc hctdmdidjèb&

[brb bfbiozbr ids pbtrdfcs mc movcrsombm bheocftbi cf ibs aucfabs cf aubftd b ids mostrotds

cadiñjoads prcscftcs) sc cstohbrdf ids hoshds èfmoacs bpioabmds b csabib mc ufombmcs cadiñjoabs<

Qgbffdf) Qohpsdf y Ecrjcr([brncr& Ibs aucfabs hâs movcrsbs ucrdf Ruoiiïf) @oid Gub Guh) [uihbrè

y Hbiicd) hocftrbs quc ibs hcfds movcrsbs ùcrdf Gub Guh) Hcioquofb) Aurruguï y [oago Icuù

'@ojurb 5&22&/&

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pcdr rbfncbmb 'hcfds movcrsb/ pbrb ids èfmoacs mc Qohpsdf y Ecrjcr([brncr) quc pbrb ci èfmoac mc

Qgbffdf& Ciid decmcac b quc cstc üitohd èfmoac ic mb hbydr pcsd b ib roquczb mc bheocftcs 'mostrotds

cf cstc absd/ quc b ib cquotbeoiombm cf ib rcprcscftbaoñf ']beib 5&0&/&

Cftrc ibs aubtrd aucfabs hâs movcrsbs) trcs mc ciibs prcscftbrdf ufb jrbf abftombm mc mostrotds

'bitb roquczb/ mcftrd mc sus ièhotcs 'cftrc 7 y 2; mostrotds/& Ib rcstbftc aucfab) @oid Gub Guh) so eocf

tocfc : mc ids 2= mostrotds) hucstrb ufb adecrturb jcdjrâòab ebstbftc ebibfacbmb 'bitb cquotbeoiombm/)

sof quc sc descrvc ufb hbrabmb mdhofbfaob mc fofjufd mc ids mostrotds&

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=3)=




Adhpbrbfmd ids bfâiosos b fovci mc ufombmcs cadiñjoabs y mostrotds) sc descrvb ufb adofaomcfaob

cf ci jrupd mc ibs hâs movcrsbs pbrb ibs aucfabs @oid Gub Guh y Ruoiiïf) scicaaodfbmbs cf bheds

absds) so eocf adf bijufbs mo`crcfaobs cf ci rbfjd& @oid Gub Guh ùc ib prohcrb d scjufmb hâs movcrsb

tbftd b fovci mc ufombmcs adhd mc mostrotds) pcrd Ruoiiïf) quc daupñ ci aubrtd iujbr b fovci mc ufombmcs)

ùc ib hâs movcrsb b fovci mc mostrotds '@ojurbs 5&0& y 5&7&/& Cf jcfcrbi) ids èfmoacs mc bheds bfâiososcstuvocrdf adrrcibaodfbmds& [dr clchpid pbrb ci èfmoac mc Qgbffdf gued ufb adrrcibaoñf mc r 8 ;):21

'@ 8 22)=> j&i& 8 2) 22> [ 8 ;);;0/) pbrb ci mc Qohpsdf uf r 8 ;):23 '@ 8 22)3> j&i& 8 2) 22> [ 8 ;);;0/) y

pbrb ci èfmoac mc Ecrjcr([brncr uf r 8 ;):=2 '@ 8 21)=> j&i& 8 2) 22> [ 8 ;);;=/&

Ids pbtrdfcs mc movcrsombm bheocftbi mc ibs aucfabs mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf) tbftd b

fovci mc ufombmcs adhd mc mostrotds cadiñjoads) ucrdf rcibtovbhcftc sohoibrcs) hâs biiâ mc bijufbs

mo`crcfaobs hcfdrcs&

@ojurb 5&22& Pbidrcs mc ids èfmoacs mc Qgbffdf) Ecrjcr([brncr y Qohpsdf pbrb abmb ufb mc ibs 21 aucfabsgomrdjrâòabs mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf adf rcibaoñf b ib movcrsombm mc mostrotds cadiñjoads&

;

2

5

1

=

3

0

R u o i i ï

f

@ o i d G u b G u h

[ u i h b

r è

H b i i c

d

A g o h c g u

è f

F b g u c i H b

p o

U u a b a g d r

d o

R u o i q u o g u

c

U è d G c r h d s d

G u b G u h

H c i o q u o f

b

A u r r u g u

ï

[ o a g o I c u

` u

Aucfabs

È f m o a c s m c m o v c r s o m b m

Qgbffdf Ecrjcr [brncr Qohpsdf

pâjofb f¼ 03




Bheocftcs roecrcòds y ibaustrcs&

Bheocftcs roecrcòds&

Sf topd huy cspcaobi mc bheocftcs id adfstotuycf ids bheocftcs adstcrds) tbftd mc aursds mc

bjub 'iñtoads/) adhd mc cspclds mc bjub 'iïftoads/) b ids aubics mcfdhofbrchds bheocftcs roecrcòds

'd ropbrods/ y ibaustrcs) rcspcatovbhcftc& Csds bheocftcs sucicf abrbatcrozbrsc pdr vcjctbaoñf tèpoab y

ufb prdmuatovombm hbydr b ib mc ib hbtroz aoraufmbftc) id aubi sucic trbmuaorsc cf ufb hbydr movcrsombm

eodiñjoab& Ciid cs hâs tèpoad buf mc ids bheocftcs roecrcòds cf rcjodfcs sue(gühcmbs y xïroabs) mdfmc

ci adftrbstc adf ib hbtroz cs hâs hbrabmd&

Mceomd b id rcaoïf hcfaodfbmd) cstds bheocftcs ucrdf hbpcbmds cf ci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf)

adf`caaodfbfmd ufb abpb tchâtoab cspcaèòab cf ci Qostchb mc Of`drhbaoñf Jcdjrâòad& Bsohoshd) sc

cstohñ ib supcròaoc daupbmb pdr bheocftcs roecrcòds y ibaustrcs cf abmb ufb mc ibs aucfabs mci

pbrquc& [brb ciid sc bsojfbrdf ibs sojuocftcs `rbflbs adstcrbs scjüf abmb absd< rèds) 2;; hctrds gbaob

abmb ibmd) brrdyds pcrhbfcftcs 3; hctrds) brrdyds tchpdrbrods y aursds mc bjub sof abtcjdrozbr) 53

hctrds y bheocftcs ibaustrcs 'ibjds y ibjufbs/) 2;; hctrds mcsmc ib adstb& Ib supcròaoc mc bheocftcadstcrd sc detuvd huitopioabfmd csds vbidrcs pdr ib idfjotum tdtbi mc adstb ']beib 5&:&/&

Ib aucfab [oago Icuù) cf ci scatdr quc cstâ mcftrd mci pbrquc) ùc ib üfoab quc fd prcscftñ

bheocftcs adstcrds mc fofjüf topd& [brb ci rcstd mc ibs aucfabs) cxostoñ ufb ucrtc y pdsotovb adrrcibaoñf

cftrc ib supcròaoc mc ids bheocftcs roecrcòds y ibaustrcs

'r 5 8 ;)?5=> @ 8 252)7> j&i& 8 2) 2;> [ 9 ;);;;;2/& Cf tdmbs ibs aucfabs mci pbrquc) ib supcròaoc mc

bheocftcs roecrcòds ùc hbydr b ib mc bheocftcs ibaustrcs& Ci prdhcmod mc bheocftc roecrcòd pdr aucfab ùc mci 0)3# y mc bheocftc ibaustrc ùc mc 2)5# ']beib 5&:&/& Ib prdpdraoñf mc bheocftcs

roecrcòds ùc huy sohoibr cftrc aucfabs) ìuatubfmd cftrc 3)= y :)3#& Ib mc bheocftcs ibaustrcs ùc uf

pdad hâs vbrobeic) ìuatubfmd cftrc ;)5 y 5):# ']beib 5&:&/&

[dad hâs mci 3;# mc ib supcròaoc mc bheocftcs roecrcòds cs bpdrtbmb pdr ib suhb mc trcs mc

ibs aucfabs mci pbrquc< Agohcguèf) Gub Guh y Ruoiiïf) cf drmcf mcarcaocftc mc supcròaoc& Sf

scjufmd jrupd oftcjrbmd pdr ibs aucfabs Hbiicd) Ruoiquoguc y @oid Gub Guh) bpdrtñ cftrc uf : yuf 2;# mc supcròaoc& Ibs aucfabs rcstbftcs cxgoeocrdf pdracftblcs quc vbrobrdf cftrc ci 1 y ci

3# '@ojurbs 5&25& y 5&21&/&

pâjofb f¼ 00




@ojurb 5&:& Qupcròaoc 'gcatârcbs/ mc bheocftcs roecrcòds y ibaustrcs y ci pdracftblc quc rcprcscftbf pbrb ib supcròaoctdtbi mc ibs aucfabs gomrdjrâòabs mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf& Ib acimb of`crodr mc ib adiuhfb mc supcròaoc cs ci tdtbimc csc bheocftc pbrb ci pbrquc& Ib acimb of`crodr mc ib adiuhfb pdracftblc cs ci prdhcmod mc supcròaoc mc abmbbheocftc pdr aucfab& Cftrc pbrïftcsos sc ofmoab ci crrdr cstâfmbr mc csc prdhcmod&

@ojurb 5&25& [rdpdraoñf mc bheocftc roecrcòd bpdrtbmb pdr abmb ufb mc ibs aucfabs gomrdjrâòabs bi tdtbi mc ibsupcròaoc mc csc bheocftc cf ci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf&

pâjofb f¼ 0:

Bheocftc Uoecrcòd Ibaustrc

Aucfabs Qupcròaoc [dracftblc Qupcròaoc [dracftblc

[uihbrè

Uuabagdrdo

Ruoiiïf

Fbguci Hbpo

Hbiicd

Agohcguèf

Aurruguï

Ruoiquoguc

Gub Guh

Gcrhdsd

Hcioquofb

@oid Gub Guh

]dtbi $ prdhcmod

:=7

772

15=:

:02

510;

3=12

7??

5211

1?37

255:

7=2

2:?3

5=123

:)=

0)2

0):

0)1

:)3

0)3

3)=

3)3

3)0

:)3

0)?

:)5

0)3 ';)55/

21:

70

03?

13

=?2

2750

=2

=77

2251

==:

?=

253

333;

2)1

;)0

2)=

;)1

2)3

5)5

;)5

2)1

2)0

5):

;)7

;)3

2)5 ';)55/

1#

1#

1#

=#

=#

3#

:#

?#2;#

21#

20#

51#

Fbguci Hbpo

[uihbrè

Hcioquofb

Uuabagdrdo

Aurruguï

Gcrhdsd

@oid Gub Guh

RuoiquogucHbiicd

Ruoiiïf

Gub Guh

Agohcguèf




@ojurb 5&21& Hbpb ofmoabfmd ib supcròaoc mc bheocftcs roecrcòds cf ibs 21 aucfabs mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf)hcmobftc ib abtcjdrozbaoñf cf mostoftds oftcrvbids mc gcatârcbs&

pâjofb f¼ 07




Ids bheocftcs roecrcòds pucmcf adrrcspdfmcr b vbiics mc rèds) brrdyds pcrhbfcftcs d brrdyds

tchpdrbrods) id aubi sc vofauib b su vcz adf ib ohpdrtbfaob rcibtovb mc abmb ufb mc csbs abtcjdrèbs&

[brb tdmbs ibs aucfabs mci pbrquc) ci pdracftblc mc bheocftc roecrcòd bsdaobmd b ids brrdyds

pcrhbfcftcs ùc ci hâs cicvbmd mc tdmds) prdhcmobfmd uf :?# mc ib supcròaoc tdtbi ']beib 5&7&/& @oid

Gub Guh cs ib üfoab aucfab cf quc sc descrvbf pdracftblcs sohoibrcs mc bheocftc roecrcòd iojbmd b

rèds y brrdyds pcrhbfcftcs&

Ci prdhcmod mc supcròaoc mc bheocftcs iojbmds b vbiics mc rèds ùc mci 2=# y mc =# cf ci absd

mc brrdyds tchpdrbrods& Mceomd b quc cxostcf ufb abftombm vbrobeic mc aursds mc bjub pdr aucfab sof

abtcjdrozbr cf ci Qostchb mc Of`drhbaoñf Jcdjrâòad) uf 7# mc bheocftc roecrcòd cf prdhcmod cstâ cf

csb sotubaoñf ']beib 5&7&/&

]beib 5&7& [dracftblcs mc bheocftc roecrcòd bpdrtbmds cf abmb aucfab pdr bheocftcs bsdaobmds b rèds) brrdydspcrhbfcftcs) brrdyds tchpdrbrods y aursds mc bjub sof abtcjdrozbr& CQ< crrdr cstâfmbr&

pâjofb f¼ 0?

Brrdyds BrrdydsAucfabs Uèds pcrhbfcftc tchpdrbrods Qof abtcjdrozbr

[uihbrè

Uuabagdrdo

Ruoiiïf

Fbguci Hbpo

Hbiicd

Agohcguèf

Aurruguï

Ruoiquoguc

Gub Guh

Gcrhdsd

Hcioquofb

@oid Gub Guh

[rdhcmod 'CQ/

:)2

3)?

0)5

(

7)7

2;)3

?):

(

0):

5:

52

=2)=

2=)= '1)=;/

7?

:3)3

75):

:0)3

7:

72):

75)5

?:)=

?;)5

:5)=

:2

=:)2

:?)= '1)0?/

1)?

(

5)5

(

2)?

5)7

;):

(

(

(

7

22)3

=)= '2)25/

(

27)3

7)?

51)3

5)1

3

:)1

5)0

1)2

;)3

(

(

7 '5)5?/




@ojurb 5&2=& [rdpdraoñf mc bheocftc ibaustrc bpdrtbmb pdr abmb ufb mc ibs aucfabs gomrdjrâòabs bi tdtbi mc ibsupcròaoc mc csc bheocftc cf ci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf&

Bheocftcs ibaustrcs&

Cf ci absd mc ids bheocftcs ibaustrcs) abso ci 03# mc csds bheocftcs sc cfaucftrb cf ibs

hoshbs aucfabs quc gbacf ci hbydr bpdrtc mc bheocftcs roecrcòds< Agohcguèf) Gub Guh y Ruoiiïf) cf

drmcf mcarcaocftc& Cf uf scjufmd jrupd sc gbiibf ibs aucfabs Hbiicd) Ruoiquoguc y @oid Gub Guh) adf

pdracftblcs mci 7(?#& Ibs mchâs aucfabs tocfcf pdracftblcs quc bpdrtbf 2(5# mc ids bheocftcs

ibaustrcs bi [brquc '@ojurbs 5&2= y 5&23/&

Mcsmc ci puftd mc vostb mc ib eodmovcrsombm abrbatcrèstoab mc ids bheocftcs roecrcòds) ci

hbtdr bpdrtc mc cstc topd mc gâeotbt sc mcec b trcs aucfabs quc suhbf cftrc uf 3;# y uf 03#

mc ib supcròaoc tdtbi pbrb ci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf& Cstbs sdf ibs aucfabs Agohcguèf cf ib

zdfb acftrd) Gub Guh cf ib zdfb acftrd(sur y Ruoiiïf cf ib zdfb fdrtc&

pâjofb f¼ :;

2#

2#

5#

5#

5#

5#

7#

?#?#

25#

5;#

15#

Fbguci Hbpo

Aurruguï

Uuabagdrdo

Hcioquofb

@oid Gub Guh

[uihbrè

Gcrhdsd

RuoiquogucHbiicd

Ruoiiïf

Gub Guh

Agohcguèf




@ojurb 5&23& Hbpb ofmoabfmd ib supcròaoc mc bheocftcs ibaustrcs cf ibs 21 aucfabs mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf)hcmobftc ib abtcjdrozbaoñf cf mostoftds oftcrvbids mc gcatârcbs&

pâjofb f¼ :2




QO]SBAOÑF MCI [BURSC FBAODFBI IBFÈFCF CI CQACFBUOD UCJODFBI

Ofscraoñf mci [brquc Ibfèf cf ci sostchb mc ârcbs prdtcjombs mc ib rcjoñf y ib hbtroz

aoraufmbftc&

Ci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf sc ueoab cf uf scatdr mc ib rcjoñf bfmofd(pbtbjñfoab brjcftofd(

agoicfb quc aucftb adf uf jrbmd mc adecrturb mc ârcbs fbturbics prdtcjombs rcibtovbhcftc bitd)

cspcaobihcftc mci ibmd brjcftofd& Luftd b rcscrvbs y pbrqucs fbaodfbics mc bheds pbèscs `drhb uf

cfsbheic mc pbrqucs mc 2&0;;&;;; gcatârcbs adiofmbftcs) quc daupbf scatdrcs drocftbics mc ibs

Ucjodfcs OW y W cf Agoic y ci dcstc mc ibs prdvofaobs mc Fcuquïf y Uèd Fcjrd cf Brjcftofb ']beib 5&?&/&

Ci [brquc Fbaodfbi Fbguci Gubpo cf Brjcftofb rcprcscftb ci =0# mc ib supcròaoc mc cstc cfsbheic mc

ârcbs prdtcjombs& Cf ci absd mc Agoic) ibs Ucjodfcs OW y W pdsccf 22 ârcbs prdtcjombs mci QFB[QC

abmb ufb 'Qostchb Fbaodfbi mc Ârcbs [rdtcjombs Qoivcstrcs mci Cstbmd/) sdid supcrbmbs pdr ibs 23

ârcbs quc pdscc ib Ucjoñf WO& Fd destbftc) cf supcròaoc) tbftd ib Ucjoñf OW '5?0&30; gcatârcbs/ adhd

ib W '0;=&;53 gcatârcbs/) sdf bhpiobhcftc supcrbmbs pdr ibs Ucjodfcs WO '=&577&5=: gcatârcbs/ y WOO

':&372&==5 gcatârcbs/&

Ci gcagd mc adfstotuor uf füaicd mc hbjfotum adfsomcrbeic fd sojfoòab quc csc adfluftd cxgoebùfaodfbiombm cadiñjoab rcbi& [dr clchpid) cstc cfsbheic fd pdscc ci moscòd hâs rcadhcfmbeic mcsmc

ci puftd mc vostb mc ib adfscrvbaoñf) sofd quc cs ci rcsuitbmd mc ib ufoñf mc scatdrcs prdtcjomds adf

mostoftb `drhb y tbhbòd ']beib 5&?&/& Qu bspcatd jcfcrbi cs bibrjbmd cf scftomd fdrtc(sur 'ufds 1;;

nh/) adf uf iojcrd cfjrdsbhocftd cstc(dcstc cf ib zdfb sur) b ib biturb mc ids [brqucs Fbaodfbics

Fbguci Gubpo y Poacftc [ïrcz Udsbics 'Agoic/) mc ufds 21; nh '@ojurb 5&20&/& Sfb scjufmb aucstoñf

cs quc ids rcjèhcfcs mc prdtcaaoñf y usds pcrhotomds tbheoïf moòcrcf cftrc ibs ârcbs oftcjrbftcs mc

csc füaicd 'pbrqucs vcrsus rcscrvbs> pbrqucs fbaodfbics vcrsus rcscrvbs prdvofaobics/& [dr üitohd)

mcftrd mci cfsbheic cxostcf ièhotcs `rdftcrozds) pbsds oftcrfbaodfbics) aoumbmcs) rutbs adf mostoftdfovci mc trâòad) clomds hufoaopbics y prdpocmbmcs provbmbs) quc rcmuacf ci vbidr mc adfscrvbaoñf mci

ârcb cf aocrtds scatdrcs&

[csc b cstds bspcatds fcjbtovds pbrb ci rdi quc ci cfsbheic eofbaodfbi mc ârcbs pucmc lujbr)

fd mcec hcfdsabebrsc su ohpdrtbfaob b csabib rcjodfbi& Ci gcagd quc cxostb uf ârcb adftojub mc hâs

mc 20;;; nh5 prdvcc) pdr uf ibmd) uf bhpiod cspbaod pbrb quc pucmbf auhpiorsc ids prdacsds cadiñjoads

cf ids cadsostchbs edsadsds mc ib rcjoñf y) pdr dtrd) erofmb ufb cxtcfsb supcròaoc pbrb bquciibs

cspcaocs mchbfmbftcs mc ârcb b ibs quc ics pucmc rcsuitbr ofsuòaocftc ib supcròaoc mc abmb ufb mc

ibs ârcbs oftcjrbftcs mci cfsbheic cf `drhb ofmovomubi 'Ucm`drm y Udeofsdf) 2??2/& Ids abrfèvdrds

'hcmobfds y jrbfmcs/ y ibs cspcaocs mc jrbf tbhbòd cf jcfcrbi) cstâf cf eblbs mcfsombmcs y sucicf

rcqucror ârcbs hbydrcs b ibs mc ids pbrqucs y dtrbs ârcbs prdtcjombs quc ids biecrjbf pbrb pdmcr

hbftcfcr pdeibaodfcs vobeics&

pâjofb f¼ :5




@ojurb 5&?& Sfombmcs mc adfscrvbaoñf mc Brjcftofb y Agoic) oftcjrbftcs mci cfsbheic eofbaodfbi mc ârcbs prdtcjombs)cftrc ibs quc sc cfaucftrb ci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf&

Sf bfâiosos mc uf adfluftd mc cspcaocs mc gcreèvdrds y abrfèvdrds pbrb ids pbrqucs fbaodfbics

mc Agoic brrdlñ rcsuitbmds bibrhbftcs cf aubftd b ib abpbaombm mc ids hoshds pbrb biecrjbr pdeibaodfcs

vobeics mc csbs cspcaocs 'Qohdfctto y Hciib) 2??:/& Qo usbhds vbidrcs mc ib eoeiodjrb`èb mci ârcb hèfohb

rcqucromb pbrb hbftcfcr ufb pdeibaoñf vobeic mc 3;; ofmovomuds mc abmb cspcaoc) cstohbmds b pbrtor

mc mcfsombmcs 'Qohdfctto y Hciib) 2??:> Mufstdfc y dtrds) 5;;2) 5;;5/) pdmchds bfbiozbr

adhpbrbtovbhcftc ib abpbaombm mci pbrquc Ibfèf adf rcibaoñf b ib mci cfsbheic eofbaodfbi mc ârcbs

adiofmbftcs ']beib 5&2;&/&

@ojurb 5&2;& Ârcbs fcacsbrobs pbrb hbftcfcr pdeibaodfcs vobeics mc vcrtcerbmds tcrrcstrcs mc 3;; ofmovomuds 'BHP/&2 1:?; nh5 'ibjds cxaiuomds/> 5 20571 nh5&

pâjofb f¼ :1

Brcb prdtcjomb [bès Lurosmoaaoñf ]opd Qupcròaoc 'gbs&/

Ibfèf

Fbguci Gubpo

Ids Brrbybfcs

Poiibrroab

Poiibrroab

Edab mci Agohcguèf

[uycguc

Poacftc [ïrcz Udsbics

Ibfèf

Fbguci Gubpo

Ids Brrbybfcs

Poiibrroab

Poiibrroab

Edab mci Agohcguèf

[uycguc


Brjcftofb

Brjcftofb

Brjcftofb

Agoic

Agoic

Brjcftofb

Agoic

Agoic

Ibfèf

Fbguci Gubpo

Ids Brrbybfcs

Poiibrroab

Poiibrroab

Edab mci Agohcguèf

[uycguc


Fbaodfbi

Fbaodfbi

Fbaodfbi

Fbaodfbi

Fbaodfbi

[rdvofaobi

Fbaodfbi

Fbaodfbi

Ibfèf

Fbguci Gubpo

Ids Brrbybfcs

Poiibrroab

Poiibrroab

Edab mci Agohcguèf

[uycguc


[brquc $ Ucscrvb Fbaodfbi

[brquc $ Ucscrvb Fbaodfbi

[brquc Fbaodfbi

[brquc Fbaodfbi

Ucscrvb Fbaodfbi

Ucscrvb usds hüitopics

[brquc Fbaodfbi

[brquc Fbaodfbi

Fbaodfbi

Fbaodfbi

Fbaodfbi

Fbaodfbi

Fbaodfbi

[rdvofaobi

Fbaodfbi

Fbaodfbi

=25=5;

:32750

27=;

02;;;

=;350

2757

2;:;;;

531:7;

201;55;

Cspcaocs

Guchui

[umü

\drrd adidrbmd

[uhb

Jbtd guoòb

jbtd hdftïs

Eügd

BHP 'nh /

5:7 ( 53;;;

7; ( 21;

103 ( 17=0

253;; ( 53;;;

323 ( 2210

0:0 ( 053;

133 ( 5:::

5Mcfsombm 'ofm&$nh /

;);5 ( 2)7

1)73 ( 0)53

;)21 ( 2)1:

;);5 ( ;);=

;)== ( ;)?:

;);7 ( ;):=

;)27 ( 2)=2

5 [FI

;);: ( 0)0;

;);5 ( ;);1

;)2; ( 2);2

1)1; ( 0)0;

;)2= ( ;)1;

;)27 ( 2)03

;);0 ( ;):1

2 Cfsbheic BF[

;);2 ( 2)3=

;);;3 ( ;);2

;);5 ( ;)5=

;):: ( 2)3=

;);1 ( ;);:

;);= ( ;)17

;);5 ( ;)2:

5

Adaocftcs

BHP $ Brcb tdtbi




Qo ids adaocftcs brrdlbf vbidrcs pdr mcebld mc 2) sojfoòab quc ib ufombm mc adfscrvbaoñf

adfsomcrbmb cstâ pdr cfaohb mci hèfohd rcqucromd> so cf abheod ids adaocftcs sdf hbydrcs b 2) ohpioab

quc ci tbhbòd mc ibs ârcbs prdtcjombs cs ofbmcaubmd pbrb hbftcfcr ufb pdeibaoñf vobeic mc ib cspcaoc

cf aucstoñf& [brb bquciibs cspcaocs adf prdeichbs cf aubftd bi tbhbòd mc ibs ârcbs quc daupbf)

pucmc cspcrbrsc quc cf uf pibzd vbrobeic) sc prdmuzab ib cxtofaoñf idabi pdr ìuatubaodfcs

mchdjrâòabs quc daurrcf cf pdeibaodfcs pcqucòbs) ofaiusd cf buscfaob mc `batdrcs bftrñpoads

fcjbtovds 'Qagb``cr) 2?72/&

Cf ids rcsuitbmds mci bfâiosos adhpbrbtovd) y adfsomcrbfmd tdmd ci rbfjd mc mcfsombmcs) sc

descrvb quc ci pbrquc Ibfèf rcsuitb ofsuòaocftc pbrb ibs pdeibaodfcs mc guchui y puhb) auerorèb

hbrjofbihcftc ibs fcacsombmcs pbrb ci jbtd hdftïs y ci zdrrd adidrbmd) y scrèb suòaocftc pbrb ibs

mchâs cspcaocs& Cf abheod) so descrvbhds ids vbidrcs cstohbmds pbrb ibs cspcaocs cf ci cfsbheic mc

ârcbs prdtcjombs) ib sotubaoñf hcldrb sustbfaobihcftc cf tdmds ids absds) socfmd hbrjofbihcftc

suòaocftc pbrb ci guchui y ci puhb) quc sdf ibs cspcaocs adf hbydr mchbfmb cspbaobi&

Hâs biiâ quc ib adhpbrbaoñf sorvc pbrb mcstbabr ci vbidr quc ci cfsbheic mc ârcbs prdtcjombs

pdmrèb tcfcr pbrb ib adfscrvbaoñf mc cspcaocs scicaaodfbmbs) cstc cs sof mumbs uf bfâiosos sohpiostb y

adfscrvbmdr) ebsbmd cf ids sojuocftcs supucstds< 2/ ib tdtbiombm mc ib supcròaoc tcrrcstrc) tbftd pbrb

ci pbrquc adhd pbrb ci cfsbheic) sdf gâeotbt mospdfoeic pbrb cstbs cspcaocs> y 5/ ci gâeotbt mospdfoeic

sc cfaucftrb cf eucf cstbmd mc adfscrvbaoñf pbrb prdvccr ids rcaursds fcacsbrods cf abftombm y

abiombm pbrb cstbs cspcaocs& ]bftd cf ci absd mci pbrquc Ibfèf cf `drhb bosibmb) adhd cf ci cfsbheic

mc ârcbs prdtcjombs) cstds supucstds fd sc auhpicf) yb quc ibs cspcaocs hucstrbf cf hbydr d hcfdr

jrbmd prc`crcfaobs mc gâeotbt y bmchâs pdrquc) cf ci absd mci cfsbheic) fd sc gb cxaiuomd ib supcròaoc

mc ids ibjds quc daupbf ufb `rbaaoñf ohpdrtbftc mci tdtbi& [dr dtrb pbrtc) cxostc ufb prdpdraoñf

sojfoòabtovb mci pbrquc Ibfèf y mci cfsbheic rcjodfbi) adf gâeotbts hdmoòabmds y mcjrbmbmds pdr

usds gostñroads y batubics) quc fd adfstotuycf gâeotbts `bvdrbeics pbrb ibs cspcaocs adf ids

rcqucrohocftds cadiñjoads hâs rcstroatovds&

Adrrcmdrcs batubics y pdtcfaobics adf dtrbs ârcbs prdtcjombs mc Brjcftofb y Agoic&

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mc ârcbs adftojubs mcsaroptbs cf ib scaaoñf bftcrodr) pcrd quc cstâf b mostbfaobs rcibtovbhcftc acrabfbs

mci hoshd d mci pbrquc Ibfèf ']beib 5&22&/&

Cstc jrupd mc ârcbs prdtcjombs scpbrbmbs mci cfsbheic) sdf mc tbhbòd rcibtovbhcftc pcqucòd

'27: nh5 cf prdhcmod/ y cstâf hbydrhcftc ueoabmbs mci ibmd agoicfd ']beib 5&22&/& Mcftrd mc csc

adfluftd mc ârcbs sc ofaiuycf mds scatdrcs rcmuaomds mc ib rcscrvb fbaodfbi Poiibrroab quc cstâf bosibmbs

mci aucrpd profaopbi mc ib rcscrvb Poiibrroab) quc sè `drhb pbrtc mci cfsbheic ']beib 5&2;&/& Ibs üfoabs

ârcbs mc cstc jrupd quc supcrbf ibs 1;;;; gcatârcbs sdf ids pbrqucs fbaodfbics Adfjuoiiod y Bicrac

Bfmofd y ib rcscrvb fbaodfbi Iibfquoguc) tdmbs cf ci vcaofd pbès&

pâjofb f¼ :=




@ojurb 5&20& Cfsbheic eofbaodfbi mc ârcbs prdtcjombs) daupbfmd pbrtc mc ibs Ucjodfcs OW y W cf Agoic y pbrtc mcibs prdvofaobs mc Fcuquïf y Uèd Fcjrd cf Brjcftofb&

pâjofb f¼ :3




]beib 5&22& Jrupd mc ârcbs prdtcjombs mc Brjcftofb y Agoic bosibmbs mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf y mci cfsbheic mcârcbs) ueoabmbs b mostbfaobs vbrobeics& [< pbrquc> U< Ucscrvb> H& F&< hdfuhcftd fbturbi&

Ib mostbfaob iofcbi prdhcmod bi pbrquc Ibfèf cs mc ufds 3; nh hocftrbs quc sc rcmuac b pdad

hâs mc 25 nh so adfsomcrbhds ib mostbfaob prdhcmod bi cfsbheic& Mds mc ids füaicds rcibtovbhcftc

jrbfmcs ueoabmds bi sur 'rcscrvb Iibfquoguc y pbrquc Bicrac Bfmofd/ cstâf b mostbfaobs adrtbs mci

cfsbheic) pcrd b hâs mc 2;; nh mci puftd hâs acrabfd mci pbrquc Ibfèf ']beib 5&22&/&

Ci tbhbòd rcibtovbhcftc agoad mc cstbs ârcbs bosibmbs y ibs mostbfaobs rcibtovbhcftc cxtcfsbs

cftrc bijufbs mc csbs ârcbs y ci pbrquc Ibfèf rcmuacf hbrabmbhcftc ci cvcftubi vbidr quc pdmrèb

tcfcr ci cstbeicaohocftd mc adrrcmdrcs cftrc csds sotods& Cstd tbheoïf vucivc b pdfcr cf vbidr ib

ohpdrtbfaob mci cfsbheic mc ârcbs prdtcjombs bfbiozbmd cf ib scaaoñf bftcrodr& Mceomd b ibs mo`crcfaobs

lurosmoaaodfbics y mc hbfcld cftrc bijufbs mc ibs ârcbs oftcjrbftcs mci cfsbheic) sc mcecrèb pdfcr

cspcaobi ïf`bsos cf buhcftbr ib pcrhcbeoiombm y ci oftcrabheod mc drjbfoshds b trbvïs mc adrrcmdrcs

fbturbics cxostcftcs d eocf prdhdvcr ci cstbeicaohocftd mc adrrcmdrcs quc adfcatcf sotods mc bitd

vbidr mc adfscrvbaoñf pbrb ib rcjoñf cf su adfluftd& Ci vbidr mc ids adrrcmdrcs pbrb adfcatbr

c`catovbhcftc pbragcs mc gâeotbt gb somd vcroòabmd tbftd cf cstumods mcsaroptovds adhd cxpcrohcftbics

']cwnseury y dtrds) 5;;5> ]dwfscfm y Icvcy) 5;;3/& Cf tbi scftomd) ufb mc ibs gcrrbhocftbs b utoiozbr

scrèb uf bfâiosos cspbaobi mc bhcfbzbs y usds cf ci rcstd mc ibs ârcbs prdtcjombs quc oftcjrbf ci

cfsbheic) mc hbfcrb sohoibr b id rcbiozbmd pbrb ci pbrquc Ibfèf) id aubi pcrhotorèb omcftoòabr ibs vèbs

hâs bptbs mc ìuld pdtcfaobi mc drjbfoshds cftrc ârcbs) adf ib hcfdr abftombm mc ebrrcrbs fbturbics

d brtoòaobics pdsoeics&

pâjofb f¼ :0

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scicaaoñf mc cspcaocs mc vbidr cspcaobi adhd mci iostbmd mc cspcaocs mc `bufb 'vcrtcerbmds/ mc

vbidr cspcaobi 'PPC/) sc ofoaoñ tchprbfbhcftc cftrc ids oftcjrbftcs mci cquopd mci prdycatd& Csbs

mosausodfcs cherodfbrobs ùcrdf adhpichcftbmbs adf icaturb mc eoeiodjrb`èb y rcufodfcs mc trbebldadf prd`csodfbics mc ib Mcicjbaoñf Ucjodfbi [btbjdfob mc ib Bmhofostrbaoñf mc [brqucs Fbaodfbics&

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fucvbs cspcaocs prdpucstbs&

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b abed cf Qbf Hbrtèf mc ids Bfmcs ids mèbs 2= y 23 mc datuerc mc 5;;= 'vcr Bfcxd P/& Bheds

mdauhcftds 'arotcrods y cspcaocs/) ùcrdf rchotomds prcvobhcftc b ids cspcaobiostbs ofvotbmds bi ]biicr adhd ofsuhds profaopbics pbrb ci trbebld quc mceèbf mcsbrrdiibr ids Jrupds mc @bufb Bauâtoab y

@bufb ]crrcstrc& Ids iostbmds mc arotcrods y mc cspcaocs mc PPC quc sc mctbiibf cf ibs sojuocftcs

scaaodfcs sdf ci rcsuitbmd òfbi mci prdacsd mcsaroptd&

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quc ids arotcrods ùcscf mosarohofbmds cf mds jrupds scjüf su lcrbrquèb) yb quc sc adfsomcrñ quccxostèb ufb jrbf mospbrombm cf tïrhofds mc ohpdrtbfaob d mc pcsd rcibtovd cftrc ids hoshds&

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rcstbftcs arotcrods ùcscf adhpichcftbrods& Ciid pcrhotorèb cftdfacs lcrbrquozbr b ibs cspcaocs mc

PPC scjüf auhpibf d fd adf ids arotcrods prodrozbmds 'bitb lcrbrquèb/&

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b/ Cstï arètoabhcftc cf pciojrd) cf pciojrd d adfmoaoñf vuifcrbeic b fovci jcfcrbi d cf Brjcftofb&

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c/ Auhpib uf rdi cadiñjoad aibvc pbrb ci ùfaodfbhocftd y abrbatcrèstoabs mc tdmd ci cadsostchb

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j/ Qcb ufb cspcaoc cspcaobiostb cf ci usd mci gâeotbt) cstï bmbptbmb b gâeotbts pbrtoauibrcs d

mcpcfmb arètoabhcftc mc ciids&

g/ Ci [brquc biecrjuc ufb pdeibaoñf quc cf tïrhofds rcibtovds rcprcscftc ufb pdraoñf

fuhïroabhcftc sojfoòabtovb mc ib beufmbfaob tdtbi mc ib cspcaoc cf Brjcftofb&

o/ Ib cspcaoc tcfjb uf bitd jrbmd mc sofjuibrombm tbxdfñhoab 'jïfcrd hdfdtèpoad/&

l/ Cstï eocf rcprcscftbmb cf dtrbs rcjodfcs mci pbès) pcrd ibs pdeibaodfcs mci [brquc Fbaodfbi

tcfjbf abrbatcrèstoabs cadiñjoabs y jcfïtoabs huy pcauiobrcs d üfoabs&n/ Qcb pbrtoauibrhcftc d cspcaobihcftc vbidrbmb 'mc vbidr auiturbi u dtrd/ d mcsvbidrozbmb

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d b su prcscfaob&

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cstïf ofaiuombs cf ci arotcrod b/&

f/ Ruc ib cspcaoc scb bhcfbzbmb morcatbhcftc pdr cspcaocs oftrdmuaombs&

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cstbtus mc adfscrvbaoñf mc ib cspcaoc y b aucstodfcs mc mostroeuaoñf rcstrofjomb b mostoftbs csabibs&

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ib [rdtcaaoñf y Hbfcld mc ib @bufb Qoivcstrc mc ib B[F/) vchds quc sc ofarchcftñ cf = ib abftombm

mc arotcrods& Ids arotcrods vojcftcs quc sc prdpdfc hdmoòabr sdf ids sojuocftcs<b/ Cstï bhcfbzbmb mc cxtofaoñf d scb vuifcrbeic) b fovci jcfcrbi d cf Brjcftofb&


a/ Qcb cfmïhoab mci [brquc Fbaodfbi y zdfbs acrabfbs 'cfmïhoab rcjodfbi/&

m/ Qcb ci üfoad [brquc Fbaodfbi cf quc sc gb cfadftrbmd ib cspcaoc gbstb ci hdhcftd&


'cspcaocs aibvc) csibedfcs hñvoics) prcmbmdrcs(tdpc) hutubiostbs/&

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gâeotbts huy cspcaobics y cstï bmchâs csabsbhcftc rcprcscftbmb cf ci rcstd mci pbès&j/ Ci [brquc biecrjuc ufb pdeibaoñf mc ohpdrtbfaob fuhïroab sojfoòabtovb pbrb ib cspcaoc

cf Brjcftofb&

pâjofb f¼ :7




g/ Ib cspcaoc tcfjb uf bitd jrbmd mc sofjuibrombm tbxdfñhoab 'pdr cl& `bhoiob d jïfcrd

hdfdtèpoad/&

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tcfjbf abrbatcrèstoabs cadiñjoabs huy pcauiobrcs d üfoabs&

n/ Qcb pbrtoauibrhcftc vbidrbmb pdr ib sdaocmbm 'mc vbidr auiturbi u dtrd/&

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rcibaodfbmds adf ib scfsoeoiombm gbaob ib batovombm d prcscfaob guhbfb y b ibs bhcfbzbs ohpucstbs

pdr cspcaocs cxñtoabs) y 5 arotcrods 'h y d/ rcibaodfbmds adf ùcrtcs mcaiofbaodfcs pdeibaodfbics d b

ufb mostroeuaoñf rcstrofjomb cf ci pbès& Ids arotcrods e/) a/) m/) c/ y g/ fd su`rocrdf hdmoòabaodfcs& Ci

arotcrod `/ ùc mcsmdeibmd cf mds) adf bijufds abheods cf su rcmbaaoñf& Ids arotcrods b/) j/) l/ y n/su`rocrdf abheods cf su rcmbaaoñf) tbftd cf id `drhbi adhd cf id adfacptubi& Ci arotcrod o/ ùc ciohofbmd&

Iostbmd mc cspcaocs scicaaodfbmbs y adhpbrbaoñf adf ci iostbmd vojcftc&

Ib iostb mc cspcaocs prdpucstbs adhd mc vbidr cspcaobi hdstrñ hdmoòabaodfcs mrâstoabs adf

rcibaoñf b ib iostb vojcftc mc cspcaocs mc vbidr cspcaobi ']beibs 5&25& y 5&21&/& Jidebihcftc sc ofarchcftñ

mc 27 b =1 ci fühcrd mc cspcaocs) id quc ohpioab uf buhcftd mc abso 5=;#& Hâs ohprcsodfbftc büf

rcsuitñ ib adhpdsoaoñf mc ibs cspcaocs prdpucstbs& [dr clchpid) sc prdpusd ib ofaiusoñf mc = cspcaocs

mc ofscatds y mds jïfcrds mc arustâacds mcaâpdmds ' Bcjib y Qbhhbstbaus/) adf id aubi ib mcòfoaoñf

mc Pcrtcerbmds mc Pbidr Cspcaobi rcsuitb bgdrb ofbmcaubmb& Adfsomcrbfmd sñid b ids vcrtcerbmds)

ci fühcrd mc cspcaocs cf ci iostbmd sc mupioañ) id aubi cstuvd mbmd pdr : cspcaocs fucvbs mc pcacs) 1

cspcaocs fucvbs mc bfòeods) 5 cspcaocs mc rcptoics) 3 mc bvcs y 5 mc hbhè`crds& Ib adhpbrbaoñf

cftrc ib adhpdsoaoñf pdracftubi scjüf ib pcrtcfcfaob b jrupds tbxdfñhoads mc ibs cspcaocs ofaiuombs

cf ci iostbmd prdpucstd y ci iostbmd vojcftc mc cspcaocs mc vbidr cspcaobi hucstrb mo`crcfaobs ohpdrtbftcs

'@ojurb 5&2:&/& Ids hbydrcs abheods cstâf mbmds pdr ib bpbroaoñf mc ids ofvcrtcerbmds y ids rcptoics)

uf ùcrtc buhcftd mc ids pcacs y ufb hbrabmb abèmb mc ibs cspcaocs mc hbhè`crds) quc mdhofbf

aibrbhcftc ci iostbmd vojcftc '33#/& Cf jcfcrbi pdmchds mcaor quc ib pbrtoaopbaoñf mc ids mostoftds

jrupds sc cquopbrñ rcibtovbhcftc) so eocf mcftrd mc ids vcrtcerbmds sojuc socfmd eblb ib

rcprcscftbaoñf mc ids rcptoics&

Adf rcspcatd b ibs cspcaocs mci iostbmd prdpucstd vchds quc = mc ibs 0 cspcaocs d jïfcrds mc

ofvcrtcerbmds y 20 mc ibs 1: cspcaocs mc vcrtcerbmds '=1#/ ùcrdf scicaaodfbmbs pdr bijufd mc ids

aubtrd arotcrods mc bitb lcrbrquèb& Cf cstc üitohd absd) csc pdracftblc sc detuvd adf ci 3;# mc ids

pcacs) ci =;# mc ids bfòeods) ci 2;;# mc ids rcptoics) ci 2;# mc ibs bvcs y ci 37# mc ids hbhè`crds&

Bmchâs mc ibs ofadrpdrbaodfcs prdpucstbs bi iostbmd quc yb ùcrdf hcfaodfbmbs) sc rcadhcfmñ ib

cxaiusoñf mc 5 bvcs y uf hbhè`crd mci iostbmd vojcftc) ci abfbstcrd bustrbi) ib pbidhb brbuabfb y ci

zdrrd jros agoad) rcspcatovbhcftc&

pâjofb f¼ :?








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Fbaodfbi Ibfèf cxostcf pdr uf ibmd rcjostrds pbrb 25 mc ibs 27 cspcaocs mc PPC vojcftcs ']beib 5&21&/&

Mc csbs 25 cspcaocs sc cxaiuycrdf ids mbtds mc ib pbidhb brbuabfb '22: rcjostrds/ y mci zdrrd jros

agoad '55 rcjostrds/ mceomd quc fd cstâf mcftrd mci iostbmd mc cspcaocs prdpucstbs ']beib 5&25&/) pcrd

sc ofaiuycrdf ids mbtds mc dtrbs cspcaocs quc cstâf ofaiuombs mcftrd mci sostchb mc rcjostrd mc PPC

pdr cstbr iostbmbs pbrb dtrds pbrqucs fbaodfbics pbtbjñfoads& [dr dtrb pbrtc) ib of`drhbaoñf sc adhpictñ

adf ci rcjostrd mc dtrbs cspcaocs ofaiuombs cf ib iostb mc cspcaocs prdpucstbs pbrb ci pbrquc ']beib

5&25&/) tbftd mc ùcftcs eoeiodjrâòabs pueioabmbs c ofïmotbs) adhd pdr rcjostrds mc of`drhbftcs abioòabmds

quc mcsbrrdiibf movcrsbs batovombmcs cf ci pbrquc pcrd quc pdr movcrsbs rbzdfcs fd ùcrdf abptbmds

pdr ci sostchb mc rcjostrds mc PPC mc ib B[F& Ci tdtbi mc cspcaocs bfbiozbmbs bsacfmoñ cftdfacs b 57mc ibs =1 cspcaocs prdpucstbs '03#/ d 57 mc ibs 1: cspcaocs mc vcrtcerbmds mci fucvd iostbmd ':0#/&

pâjofb f¼ 75








]beib 5&2=& @rcaucfaobs mc rcjostrds mc 57 cspcaocs mci iostbmd prdpucstd adhd mc vbidr cspcaobi pbrb ci [brqucFbaodfbi Ibfèf cf 22 aucfabs&

C s p c a o c s $ A u c f a b s

U c j o s t r d s p d r a u c f a b

C s p c a o c s p d r a u c f a b

[ u i h b r è

U u a b a g d r d o R u o i i ï f

H b i i c d

A g o h c g u è f

A u r r u g u ï

R u o i q u o g u c

G u b G u h

G c r h d s d

H c i o q u o f b

@ &

G u b g u h

E b j r c b t c r a o d p c i b m d

2

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E b j r c m c t d r r c f t c s

2

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[ c i b m o i i b i o s t b m b

2

U b f b p b i h b m b m c b r r d y d

5

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5

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2

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1

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j b r t o l b m c h u s i d s b h b r o i i d s

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pâjofb f¼ 73




Ibjds Ibjufbs [&j& [&e&ag& [&ag& E&t& [&p& D I&b&m& [&i& [&e&j& [F¼]rdhcf ◄ ◄ ◄ ◄ ◄ ◄ ◄ :

Ruoiiïf ◄ ◄ ◄ ◄ ◄ ◄ 0

Gucaguib`qucf ◄ ◄ ◄ ◄ ◄ ◄ 0

Fdftguï ◄ ◄ ◄ ◄ ◄ ◄ 0

Iâabr ◄ ◄ ◄ ◄ ◄ ◄ 0

Uuabagdrdo ◄ ◄ ◄ ◄ ◄ 3

[oiguc ◄ ◄ ◄ 1

Òdrquofad ◄ ◄ ◄ 1

Ibs Aârhcfcs ◄ ◄ ◄ 1

Hcioquofb ◄ ◄ ◄ 1

@oid Gub Guh ◄ ◄ ◄ 1

Gcrhdsd◄ ◄ ◄ 1

Rucòo ◄ ◄ 5

Aurruguï ◄ ◄ 5

Cpuib`qucf ◄ ◄ 5

Hbagñfoad Ids ]âebfds ◄ ◄ 5

Ubuiè ◄ ◄ 5

Csadfmomd Adrofb ◄ 2

Ididj ◄ 2

[bohüf ◄ 2

[umu pumu ◄ 2

Aurruguï agoad ◄ 2

]D]BI 23 2= 21 0 0 3 3 1 2 2

@bufb bauâtoab fbtovb&

Mcsmc ci puftd mc vostb mc ids aucrpds mc bjub) cs ohpdrtbftc adfdacr ib mostroeuaoñf batubi mc

cspcaocs mc ib `bufb bauâtoab fbtovb) cspcaobihcftc so tcfchds cf aucftb ci bitd jrbmd mc mostureod

quc jcfcrñ ib oftrdmuaaoñf y ci cstbeicaohocftd cxotdsd mc vbrobs cspcaocs mc sbihñfomds cxñtoads b

profaopods mc 2?;;& B ids pcacs cxñtoads sc gb suhbmd hâs rcaocftchcftc uf hbhè`crd cxñtoad abrfèvdrd)

bsdaobmd b ids aursds y aucrpds mc bjub) quc cs ci vosñf bhcroabfd 'Hustcib vosdf/&

Ib of`drhbaoñf prdacmcftc mc movcrsds trbeblds tbftd pueioabmds adhd fd pueioabmds) pcrhotc

abrbatcrozbr b ids aucrpds mc bjub iïftoads 'ibjds y ibjufbs/ cf aubftd b ib prcscfaob mc ibs cspcaocs

fbtovbs mc `bufb bauâtoab& Ibs cspcaocs hâs adhüfhcftc rcjostrbmbs rcsuitbrdf ci puyïf jrbfmc) ib

pcrab mc edab agoab y ci puyïf agoad& Ibs hcfds `rcaucftcs ùcrdf ib pcibmoiib) ib pcrab mc edab

jrbfmc y ib pcibmoiib iostbmb& Ci rcstd mc ibs cspcaocs cstâf prcscftcs cf ufds 3(0 aucrpds mc bjub ']beib 5&23&/&

Mc ibs 2; cspcaocs cf ib ebsc mc mbtds) ci ibjd ]rdhcf rcjostrb ib hbydr abftombm mc cspcaocs

fbtovbs ':;#/) scjuomd pdr ids ibjds Ruoiiïf) Gucaguibqucf) Iâabr y Fdftguï ']beib 5&23&/& Cf ibs

ibjufbs Ucrcpuyc y Ibs ]bjubs fd sc gbiibrdf fbtovbs) hocftrbs quc ids ibjds Ididj) [bohüf) Csadfmomd

y Aurruguï agoad) luftd b ibs ibjufbs Adrofb y [umu [umu) tocfcf ufb sdib cspcaoc fbtovb mctcatbmb

gbstb ci hdhcftd ']beib 5&23&/& Qc abrcac mc mbtds pbrb ids ibjds Guo Guo) [oago Hbagñfoad) Io`ò

Ic`qucf y @rèd) bsè adhd mc 2: ibjufbs mci pbrquc&

]beib 5&23& [rcscfaob mc cspcaocs fbtovbs mc `bufb bauâtoab cf mo`crcftcs ibjds y ibjufbs mci [brquc FbaodfbiIbfèf& [&j&< puyïf jrbfmc> [&e&ag&< pcrab edab agoab> [&ag&< puyïf agoad> E&t&< ebjrcaotd mc tdrrcftcs> [&p&< pclcrrcypbtbjñfoad> D< dtufd> I&b&m&< ibfjdstb mc bjub muiac> [&i&< pcibmoiib iostbmb> [&e&j&< pcrab edab jrbfmc> [< pcibmoiib& F¼<fühcrd mc cspcaocs fbtovbs rcjostrbmbs

pâjofb f¼ 70




Bheocftcs y gâeotbts mc vbidr cspcaobi mc adfscrvbaoñf mcsmc ib pcrspcatovb `bufèstoab &

Murbftc ibs mosausodfcs adf ofvcstojbmdrcs y prd`csodfbics vofauibmds b ib tchâtoab mc

`bufb) tbftd cf `drhb prcvob adhd murbftc ci ]biicr [brtoaopbtovd mci prdycatd 'datuerc 5;;=/)

surjocrdf prdpucstbs mc bheocftcs prodrotbrods quc ùcrdf adfscfsubmds pdr bi

hcfds mds pbrtoaopbftcs) ids quc sc prcscftbf b adftofubaoñf&

b/ Bheocftcs< cadtdfds cstcpb ‑ aoprïs y bheocftcs mc cstcpb ']rdhcf) Ididj) Aurruguï) Hcioquofb$@oid

Gub Guh/&

Lustoòabaoñf<

º Ohpdrtbftcs y üfoads pbrb CPC&

º Gâeotbt huy bhcfbzbmd y huy pdad rcprcscftbmds cf ârcbs prdtcjombs&º Hbydr roquczb mc cspcaocs y biecrjuc mc cfmchoshds rcjodfbics&

[dsoeics gâeotbts üfoads mci pbrquc<

º Edsqucs hoxtds hbmurds&

º Cstcpbs fd pbstdrcbmbs fo rcchpibzbmbs&

º Guhcmbics&

º Hbtdrrbics mc bitb hdftbòb y edsqucs mc biturb&

e/ Bheocftcs< ârcbs adf cfroqucaohocftd vbimovobfd 'Rucòo) ]crhbs mc Cpuib`qucf) Ruoiiïf/&

Lustoòabaoñf<

º Qojfo oabtovb roquczb mc cspcaocs&

º Pbiodsds y üfoads pbrb hoardcfmchoshds y cspcaocs bhcfbzbmbs&


º Pbiodsds pbrb bf oeods bhcfbzbmds y pbrb brtrñpdmds&

º Edsquc hbmurd d sderchbmurd) aibvc pbrb vbrobs cspcaocs mc vcrtcerbmds&

a/ Bheocftcs< füaicds mc mo`crcftcs adhufombmcs mc Brbuabrob&

Lustoòabaoñf<º Pbiodsds y üfoads pbrb cspcaocs bhcfbzbmbs y cfmchoshds rcjodfbics&


º Edsqucs hbmurds d sderchbmurds cf Òdrquofad) Uuabagdrdo) Ruoiiïf y ]rdhcf&

º Edsqucs bòdsds '6 2;;; bòds/&

m/ Bheocftcs< edsqucs gühcmds mc icfjb) rbuiè y rdeic pciièf mc cxtcfsoñf adfsomcrbeic y pdad bitcrbmds&

Lustoòabaoñf<

º Cicvbmb roquczb mc cspcaocs) cfmchoshds rcjodfbics&

º Pbiodsds pbrb cspcaocs dabics&


º Edsqucs gühcmds mc Iâabr) Aurruguï y Ruoiiïf&

pâjofb f¼ 7:




c/ Bheocftcs< tcrhbics&

Lustoòabaoñf<

º Üfoads) biecrjbf pdeibaodfcs mc hoardcfmchoshds&


º ]crhbs mc Ibgucf(añ) Dadfo y Rucòo&

/ Bheocftcs< ibjds y ibjufbs cf zdfb bitdbfmofb&

Lustoòabaoñf<

º Pbiodsds pbrb cspcaocs dabics&

º Oftcrbaaodfcs ofusubics&

º Üfoads pbrb cspcaocs sofjuibrcs&

j/ Bheocftcs< aucrpds mc bjub iñtoads y iïftoads y ârcbs mc guhcmbics 'turecrbs) aucrpds mc bjub

tchpdrbrods) hbiiofcs) ibjufbs sdhcrbs/) pdad bitcrbmds&

Lustoòabaoñf<

º Bitb roquczb mc cspcaocs&

º Adftocfcf cfmchoshds rcjodfbics) hoardcfmchoshds) cspcaocs bhcfbzbmbs&

º Pbiodsds y aibvc pbrb ib supcrvovcfaob mc cspcaocs&


º Hbiiofcs cf tcrhbs mc Ibgucf(Añ&

º Uèd Aurruguï cftrc ibjufb Pcrmc y ibjd Aurruguï&

g/ Bheocftcs< adstcrds adf tdpdjrb`èb y vcjctbaoñf drojofbi cf rèds y ibjds&

Lustoòabaoñf<

º Bitb roquczb mc cspcaocs&

º Biecrjb cspcaocs cf pciojrd&

º [rcscftbf oftcjrombm cadiñjoab&

º Daurrcf oftcrbaaodfcs ofusubics&

º Aibvc pbrb supcrvovcfaob mc cspcaocs&

º @ufaodfbf adhd adrrcmdrcs eodiñjoads pbrb cspcaocs `dabics&


º Clchpids< adstbs mc ids ibjds Gcrhdsd y Hcioquofb) adstbs mci Aurruguï) Ruoiiïf) ]rdhcf) [bohüf)

Cpuib`qucf) pbrtc mci Iâabr&

o/ Bheocftcs< sostchbs bauâtoads sof vosñf bhcroabfd&

Lustoòabaoñf<

º Hbydr oftcjrombm cadiñjoab&

º [crsostcfaob mci cfsbheic adhpictd mc cspcaocs fbtovbs&


º Ibjufb Ids Adopds y Ibs Adrofbs&

º Ibjds Uuabagdrdo y Òdrquofad&

pâjofb f¼ 77






@idrb

Hctdmdidjèb mc scicaaoñf mc cspcaocs&

Ci prdacsd mc scicaaoñf mc pdtcfaobics cspcaocs mc idrb mc vbidr cspcaobi) bsè adhd ib mosausoñf

y prdpucstb mc ids arotcrods pbrb csadjcr b ibs cspcaocs tbheoïf sc ofoaoñ tchprbfbhcftc cftrc ids

oftcjrbftcs mci Adhpdfcftc @idrb mci prdycatd& [brb ciid) sc utoiozñ adhd ebsc ci iostbmd mc cspcaocs

mc mostroeuaoñf rcstrofjomb cxostcftc cf ci [ibf [rciohofbr mc Hbfcld mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf 'B[F)

2??:/& B cstc iostbmd sc ic ùcrdf ofadrpdrbfmd cspcaocs quc auhpièbf adf ufd d hâs mc ids arotcrods

prciohofbrcs pbrb mctcrhofbr cspcaocs mc vbidr cspcaobi) jcfcrâfmdsc bsè uf iostbmd tcftbtovd mc

cspcaocs mc idrb mc vbidr cspcaobi& Bheds iostbmds 'arotcrods y cspcaocs/ ucrdf pdstcrodrhcftc pucstds

b adfsomcrbaoñf mc ids ofvotbmds bi [rohcr ]biicr mci [rdycatd mci 2= y 23 mc datuerc mc 5;;= cf Qbf

Hbrtèf mc ids Bfmcs& Mceomd bi pcròi mc ids prd`csodfbics quc bsostocrdf bi ]biicr pbrb auhpior tbrcbs cf

ci Jrupd mc @idrb) cf csc cfaucftrd fd sc idjrbrdf hbydrcs bvbfacs cf ib mcpurbaoñf mci iostbmd&

[dr ciid) ci prdacsd sc adhpictñ hcmobftc cftrcvostbs pcrsdfbics b 3 prd`csodfbics y ib rcbiozbaoñf

mc uf ]biicr [brtoaopbtovd cf Qbf Abrids mc Ebroidagc quc adftñ adf ib prcscfaob mc oftcjrbftcs mci

Adhpdfcftc @idrb mci [rdycatd '1/) prd`csodfbics mc ib Mcicjbaoñf Ucjodfbi [btbjdfob '5/) OF]B '2/ y

mc SFA(ADFOAC] '3/& [dr üitohd) ci iostbmd mc cspcaocs su`roñ rcvosodfcs òfbics tbftd pdr pbrtc mc

pcrsdfbi mc ib Mcicjbaoñf Ucjodfbi [btbjdfob adhd mc ids oftcjrbftcs mci Adhpdfcftc @idrb mci

prdycatd) adf id aubi sc brroeñ bi iostbmd prdpucstd mc cspcaocs&

Arotcrods mc ofaiusoñf pbrb cspcaocs mc ìdrb mc vbidr cspcaobi&

Cf ci absd mc ib ìdrb fd cxostc uf iostbmd vojcftc mc arotcrods tbi adhd sè cxostc cf ci absd mc

cspcaocs mc `bufb mc vbidr cspcaobi& Ci iostbmd mc arotcrods tbheoïf su`roñ bijufds blustcs quc

adfsomcrbrdf bijufbs bprcaobaodfcs quc gbeèbf surjomd cf ids Jrupds mc @bufb Bauâtoab y ]crrcstrc&

Ci iostbmd òfbi prdpucstd qucmñ oftcjrbmd pdr 25 arotcrods) quc sc mctbiibf b adftofubaoñf<

b/ Cstï bhcfbzbmb mc cxtofaoñf d scb vuifcrbeic) b fovci jcfcrbi d cf Brjcftofb&


a/ Qcb cfmïhoab mci [brquc Fbaodfbi y zdfbs acrabfbs 'adhd hâxohd 5 prdvofaobs/) cstd cs

cfmïhoab rcjodfbi&

m/ Qcb ci üfoad [brquc Fbaodfbi mdfmc sc gb cfadftrbmd b ib cspcaoc&


'cspcaocs aibvc) hutubiostbs) fdmrozb) ùfaoñf mc rcùjod) hdhcftd pbrtoauibr mc ìdrbaoñf d

`ruatoòabaoñf) rcjcfcrbaoñf mci edsquc) cta&/&

`/ Qcb mc mostroeuaoñf rcstrofjomb mcftrd mci [brquc Fbaodfbi) bsdaobmb b topds mc gâeotbtshuy cspcaobics&

j/ Ci [brquc biecrjuc ufb pdeibaoñf mc ohpdrtbfaob fuhïroab sojfoòabtovb pbrb ib cspcaoc

cf Brjcftofb&

pâjofb f¼ ?;




g/ ]cfjb uf bitd jrbmd mc sofjuibrombm tbxdfñhoab&

o/ Cstï eocf rcprcscftbmb cf dtrbs rcjodfcs mci pbès) pcrd ibs pdeibaodfcs mci [brquc Fbaodfbi

tcfjbf abrbatcrèstoabs cadiñjoabs) jcfïtoabs y$d hdr`diñjoabs huy pcauiobrcs d üfoabs 'cxtrchdmc mostroeuaoñf) cta&/&

l/ Cspcaoc mc eblb abpbaombm rcprdmuatovb) icftd arcaohocftd y$d eblb abpbaombm mc mospcrsoñf&

n/ ]cfjb vbidr sbjrbmd d scb vbidrbmb cf `drhb pbrtoauibr pdr ibs auiturbs ofmèjcfbs mceomd b

sus prdpocmbmcs hcmoaofbics d biohcftoaobs&

i/ ]cfjb vbidr cadfñhoad batubi d cstï sdhctomb b prcsodfcs mc usd mceomd b su bptotum hcmoaofbi)

biohcftoaob) pbrb ib cibedrbaoñf mc brtcsbfèbs d adf òfcs ofmustrobics&

Ids arotcrods a/) `/ y i/ sdf adfsomcrbmds mc scjufmb lcrbrquèb y fd mctcrhofbf pdr sè sdids b

ufb cspcaoc mc vbidr cspcaobi&

Iostbmd mc cspcaocs scicaaodfbmbs y arotcrods pbrb su ofaiusoñf&

Ci iostbmd mc ìdrb mc vbidr cspcaobi ofaiuyñ uf tdtbi mc 3= cspcaocs) ofaiuombs cf 5? `bhoiobs

mo`crcftcs ']beib 5&20&/& Ci fühcrd mc cspcaocs pdr `bhoiob ùc jcfcrbihcftc 2) bufquc cf mds `bhoiobs

trcpñ gbstb : cspcaocs abmb ufb) socfmd ci absd mc ibs `bhoiobs Bstcrbacbc y Hosdmcfmrbacbc

'@ojurb 5&52&/&

Ci =;# mc ibs cspcaocs mc vbidr cspcaobi prdpucstbs sdf gcreâacbs) scjuombs mc ibs breñrcbs)

ibs gchopbrâsotbs y ibs breustovbs adf vbidrcs mci 21(23# abmb ufb) y ci badhpbòbhocftd mc dtrbs

`drhbs mc vomb rcprcscftbmbs cf hcfdr prdpdraoñf '@ojurb 5&55&/&

@ojurb 5&52& Mostroeuaoñf mc `rcaucfaobs mc ib abftombm mc cspcaocs ofaiuombs cf mostoftbs `bhoiobs pbrb ci iostbmdprdpucstd mc 3= cspcaocs mc ìdrb mc vbidr cspcaobi pbrb ci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf&

pâjofb f¼ ?2

522

2?

0

;

5

=

0

7

2;

25

2=

20

27

5;

2 cspcaoc 5 cspcaocs = cspcaocs 3 cspcaocs : cspcaocs

F¼ mc cspcaocs pdr `bhoiob

F ¼ m c ` b h o i o b s






Bheocftcs y gâeotbts mc vbidr cspcaobi mc adfscrvbaoñf mcsmc ib pcrspcatovb ìdrèstoab&

Murbftc ci hoshd ]biicr [brtoaopbtovd mc Qbf Abrids mc Ebroidagc mc hbrzd mc 5;;3 cf ci aubi

sc tcrhofñ mc mcòfor ci iostbmd mc cspcaocs mc ìdrb mc vbidr cspcaobi) sc mosautocrdf aucstodfcs rc`crombs

b mctcrhofbmds bheocftcs mc vbidr cspcaobi mcsmc ib pcrspcatovb ìdrèstoab& Ids bheocftcs pdmèbf

cstbr mcòfomds cf `drhb jcfïroab adf id aubi su cxtcfsoñf pucmc scr rcibtovbhcftc ohpdrtbftc y daupbr

hâs mc uf scatdr mci pbrquc 'b) e) a) c) g) o) l y p/& Absd adftrbrod) pdmèbf cstbr badtbmds jcdjrâòabhcftc)

rcòroïfmdsc b uf sotod d zdfb cf pbrtoauibr 'm) `) j) n) i) h) f y d/&

Ids bheocftcs y$d sotods iostbmds adhd prodrotbrods pbrb ib adfscrvbaoñf ùcrdf ids sojuocftcs<

b/ Ârcb mc ìdrbaoñf mc Agusqucb&

e/ Hbtdrrbics hoxtds cadtdfbics&

a/ Qotods mc goerombaoñf&

m/ Cxtrchd fdrtc mc ib mostroeuaoñf vbimovobfb&

c/ Qotods gühcmds y eblds adf ìdrb vbimovobfb&

`/ Edsquc mc Fdtgd`bjus ( Brbuabrob cf ]rdhcf&

j/ Bheocftcs tcrhbics y csadrobics&

g/ \dfb cadtdfbi cstcpb ‑ aoprïs&

o/ Hbiiofcs y gâeotbts ropbrods y adstcrds&

l/ Brrdyds mc hdftbòb y pocmchdftc) vcjctbaoñf roecrcòb&

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pbrtcs mci hufmd b pbrtor mc cfdrhcs ebscs mc mbtds mc rcjostrds mc cspcaocs mc pibftbs y bfohbics

mc huagds bòds y adf mctcrhofbmd moscòd mc hucstrcd '@crrocr y Zbtsdf) 2??:> Brbuld y dtrds)

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pâjofb f¼ 2;;




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5;;=& ]gc ZdrimAioh oftcrpdibtcm jidebi tcrrcstrobi

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y [brqucs [rdvofaobics) Jdeocrfd mc ib [rdvofaob mci

Fcuquïf& 213 pp&

pâjofb f¼ 2;5




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U Mcvcidphcft Adrc ]cbh& 5;;3& U< B ibfjubjc bfm

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adfscrvbtodf d` `drcst hbhhbis of Ibtof Bhcroab& Cf<

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bfohbis) bfm tgcor oftcrbatodfs of `rbjhcftcm

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Hbtroz mc usds c ohpbatds b csabib rcjodfbi) zdfbi y idabi&

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bmhofostrbtovbs d mc hbfcld) ids prdacsds mdhofbftcs) ids usds abrbatcrèstoads) ids ohpbatds drojofbmds

y ibs vbrobeics mc bfâiosos pbrb abmb ufb mc ibs csabibs pibftcbmbs&

]bxdfdhèb mc bhcfbzbs morcatbs&

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adf rcibaoñf b csbs bhcfbzbs) rcsuitb bmcaubmd chpicbr uf sostchb aibsoòabtdrod mc bhcfbzbs morcatbs

pbrb abmb ufb mc ibs csabibs& Mc cstc hdmd cs pdsoeic mctcatbr vbaèds cf ci bfâiosos quc cstbhds

rcbiozbfmd y tbheoïf bprcaobr ib vbrocmbm mc bhcfbzbs prcscftcs y ids prdacsds d batovombmcs adf ids

aubics sc vofauibf& Cf cstc of`drhc sc prcscftb y prdpdfc ib tbxdfdhèb mc bhcfbzbs morcatbs

mcsbrrdiibmb pdr uf adfluftd mc drjbfozbaodfcs fd juecrfbhcftbics bjrupbmbs ebld ’Adfscrvbtodf

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sc cftocfmc b bquciibs jcfcrbmdrbs mc cstrïs) tbheoïf iibhbmbs prcsodfcs prdxohbics& Ibs bhcfbzbscstâf drmcfbmbs cf dagd jrbfmcs jrupds mc bhcfbzbs hâs jcfïroabs& Qc rcsbitbf cf bhbroiid oftcfsd

ibs adfsomcrbmbs adhd mc ohpbatd ohpdrtbftc cf ci pbrquc) yb scb pdr cxtcfsoñf d oftcfsombm) y cf

vcrmc vovd ibs adfsomcrbmbs mc hcfdr rcicvbfaob d hbrjofbics pbrb ci pbrquc Ibfèf<

2& Adfvcrsoñf y mcjrbmbaoñf mc gâeotbt< Mbòd d pïrmomb adhpictb mc ids gâeotbts fbturbics&

b/ Mcsbrrdiid urebfd< Cxpbfsoñf mc aoumbmcs) puceids y bscftbhocftds) ofaiuycfmd ci mcsbrrdiid

mc cmoòabaodfcs fd gbeotbeics adhd vovocfmb pcrd oftcjrbmds adf vovocfmbs 'ârcbs urebfbs)

sueureods) voiibs) absbs mc vbabaodfcs) ârcbs adhcraobics) dòaofbs) csaucibs) gdspotbics/&

e/ Mcsbrrdiid ofmustrobi y adhcraobi< @âeroabs y dtrds acftrds adhcraobics '`âeroabs) acftrds

adhcraobics) dòaofbs mc pbrqucs) cstbaodfcs y pibybs `crrdvobrobs) pucrtds) jubrmcrèbs fâutoabs)

bcrdpucrtds) ebsurbics/&

BFBIOQOQ MC IDQ SQDQ) OH[BA]DQ _ BHCFB\BQ B IB EODMOPCUQOMBM MCI [BURSC FBAODFBI IBFOF

pâjofb f¼ 2;=




a/ Jrbflbs y pibftbaodfcs< Dpcrbaodfcs bjrèadibs 'jrbflbs adhcraobics) pibftbaodfcs ofmustrobics)

’`ccm idts‘) bauoauiturb/&

m/ Ârcbs mc rcarcbaoñf< Qotods mc rcarcbaoñf adf uf ohpbatd bprcaobeic 'ârcbs mc sno) acftrds mcjdi`) pbrqucs) abfagbs mc pdid/&

c/ Batovombmcs hoiotbrcs< Baaodfcs pdr ùcrzbs hoiotbrcs `drhbics d pbrbhoiotbrcs adf uf ohpbatd

sustbfaobi 'adfìoatds brhbmds) ebscs hoiotbrcs) clcraoaods mc cftrcfbhocftd mc jrbf csabib)

mcshdftc) tcstcd mc hufoaodfcs/&

`/ Hdmoòabaodfcs mc sostchbs fbturbics< Baaodfcs quc adfvocrtcf d mcjrbmbf gâeotbt hcmobftc

ci hbfcld mc sostchbs fbturbics pbrb hcldrbr ci eocfcstbr guhbfd 'ofufmbaodfcs pdr adfstruaaoñf

mc rcprcsbs) rciicfd mc guhcmbics pbrb adftrdi mc hdsquotds) moqucs y csaiusbs/&

j/ Uïjohcf bitcrbmd mc ùcjds< Quprcsoñf d ofarchcftd cf ib `rcaucfaob mc ùcjds y$d oftcfsombmùcrb mc su rbfjd fbturbi mc vbrobaoñf 'suprcsoñf mc ùcjds) hbfcld mc ùcjd ofbprdpobmd) ùcjds

bjrèadibs ùcrb mc adftrdi) ofacfmods oftcfaodfbics) adioiibs mc aojbrroiids) `djdfcs mc abhpbhcftd)

`djbtbs mc abzbmdrcs y pcsabmdrcs/&

g/ Uïjohcf gomrdiñjoad bitcrbmd< Abheods cf ids pbtrdfcs mc ìulds gèmroads pdr ùcrb mc su

rbfjd fbturbi mc vbrobaoñf 'mcsvèd mc bjubs supcròaobics) edhecd mc bjub suetcrrâfcb) dpcrbaodfcs

adf moqucs y rcprcsbs) mcsbiofozbaoñf mc bjub mc hbr/&

2& Of`rbcstruaturb mc trbfspdrtc< Adrrcmdrcs ibrjds y cstrcagds y ids vcgèauids quc ids utoiozbf)

quc pdtcfaobihcftc bitcrbf) `rbjhcftbf y mosturebf gâeotbts fbturbics y cspcaocs&

b/ Abhofds< ]rbfspdrtc sderc vèbs tcrrcstrcs 'rutbs) abhofds profaopbics) abhofds scaufmbrods)

abhofds prohotovds) scfmbs `drcstbics/&

e/ Pèbs `crrdvobrobs< ]rbfspdrtc tcrrcstrc cf vèbs cspcaèòabs 'ièfcbs mc abrjb y pbsblcrds) ièfcbs

pbrb hofcrèb/&

a/ Ièfcbs mc scrvoaods< ]rbfspdrtc mc cfcrjèb y rcaursds 'tcfmomds ciïatroads y tcic`ñfoads)

baucmuatds) dicdmuatds y jbsdmuatds/&

m/ Pèbs bauâtoabs< ]rbfspdrtc sderc y cf bjubs muiacs y bjubs dacâfoabs cf rutbs prccstbeicaombs

'mrbjbmd) abfbics) vèbs hbrètohbs) ebrads sojuocfmd ebiicfbs) mbòd pdr bfaiblcs/&

c/ Adrrcmdrcs bïrcds< ]rbfspdrtc bïrcd y cspbaobi 'rutbs bïrcbs) bvodfcs ohpbatbfmd bvcs/&

5& Cfcrjèb y hofcrèb< [rdmuaaoñf mc rcaursds fd eodiñjoads&

b/ [cr`drbaodfcs mc jbs y pctrñicd< Cxpidrbaoñf) mcsbrrdiid y prdmuaaoñf mc pctrñicd y dtrds

gomrdabreurds 'pdzds mc pctrñicd) pdzds mc jbs/&

e/ Hofcrèb< Cxpidrbaoñf) mcsbrrdiid y prdmuaaoñf mc hofcrbics 'hofbs mc abreñf cf blbs) cxtrbaaoñf

mc drd cf aursds mc bjub) hofbs mc mobhbftcs) abftcrbs) hofbs mc sbi) fñmuids hbrofds cf bjubs

prdùfmbs/&

a/ Cfcrjèb rcfdvbeic< Cxpidrbaoñf) mcsbrrdiid y prdmuaaoñf mc cfcrjèb rcfdvbeic 'jcdtcrhob)

jrbflbs sdibrcs) jrbflbs cñioabs) jrbflbs adstcrbs/&

pâjofb f¼ 2;3




1& Adscagb mc rcaursds eodiñjoads< Ssd adfsuftovd mc rcaursds soivcstrcs&

b/ Abzb) trbhpcd y pcsab< Adscagb mc bfohbics soivcstrcs adf prdpñsotds adhcraobics) rcarcbtovds)

mc suesostcfaob) ofvcstojbtovds) d mc hbfcld 'abzb adhcraobi) abzb mc trd`cds) pcsab adf cxpidsovds)pcsab adf ibfzbs) adscagb mc hdiusads) abzb mc pciè`crds) abzb mc ebiicfbs) abzb mc hbropdsbs)

adicatb mc hoci) adicatb mc adrbics vovds) adftrdi mc mcprcmbmdrcs/&

e/ Ucadicaaoñf< Adscagb mc pibftbs) gdfjds) y dtrds prdmuatds fd hbmcrbeics d mc bfohbics

pcrd sof prdpñsotds adhcraobics) rcarcbtovds d mc suesostcfaob 'gdfjds) bijbs) drrblc pbrb bfohbics)

hbmcrb pbrb icòb/&

a/ ]bib< Adscagb mc hbmcrb 'tbib rbsb) tbib adhcraobi scicatovb) cftrcsbabs/&

m/ [bstdrcd y rbfagcd< Ssd mc gâeotbts fbturbics pbrb sdpdrtbr bfohbics mdhïstoads d scho(

mdhïstoads b ids quc sc ics pcrhotc utoiozbr csds bheocftcs soivcstrcs 'jbfbmd) jrbflbs mc

sbihñfomds/&

=& Ucarcbaoñf y trbebld cf gâeotbts fbturbics< Ssds fd adfsuftovds mc rcaursds eodiñjoads&

b/ Ucarcbaoñf y trbebld adf vcgèauids ohpuisbmds pdr hdtdrcs< Pcgèauids y edtcs

mcspibzâfmdsc pdr ùcrb mc ids adrrcmdrcs mc trbfspdrtc cstbeicaomds 'vcgèauids =x=) vcgèauids

tdmd tcrrcfd) edtcs b hdtdr) hdtdaoaictbs) ’lctsnos‘) vcgèauids pbrb ib focvc) bvodfcs uitrbiovobfds)

edtcs mc euacd) tbfqucs y dtrds vcgèauids hoiotbrcs/&

e/ Ucarcbaoñf y trbebld sof vcgèauids ohpuisbmds b hdtdr< Jcftc ofvortocfmd tochpd cf ib

fbturbiczb 'eoaoaictbs tdmd tcrrcfd) abhofbftcs) csquobmdrcs mc trbvcsèb) pbrbpcftc) descrvbmdrcs

mc bvcs) euzds) descrvbmdrcs hoiotbrcs/&

a/ Ofvcstojbaoñf aocftèòab< Ofvcstojbaoñf cadiñjoab y mc dtrd topd 'hbfopuibaodfcs mc cadsostchbs)

cstumods mc prohbtcs/&

3& [diuaoñf< Oftrdmuaaoñf mc hbtcrobics cxñtoads y$d mc uf cxacsd mc hbtcrobics b pbrtor mc ucftcspuftubics d fd puftubics&

b/ Ruèhoads y tdxofbs< Ruèhoads ofmustrobics y tdxofbs cf ci borc) sucid y bjub

'hcraurod pdr hofcrèb mc drd) hctbics pcsbmds) [AE‟s) iiuvob âaomb) ’shdj‘) rcmuatdrcs mc dzdfd)

bacotc mc butds) mcrrbhcs quèhoads) mcrrbhcs mc pctrñicd) pcstoaombs bjrèadibs) hufoaoñf mc pidhd)

bitcrbmdrcs cfmdarofds/&

e/ Abrjbs mc futrocftcs< Cxacsd mc futrocftcs 'fotrñjcfd mc jrbflbs d `ds`btds pdr mctcrjcftcs

cf ibs bjubs scrvombs/&

a/ Ucsomuds sñiomds< Ebsurb y dtrds hbtcrobics&

m/ Ucsomuds y hbtcrobics mc mcscagd< Queprdmuatds ohpdrtbftcs cf vdiuhcf mci mcsbrrdiid mc

batovombmcs quc utoiozbf rcaursds 'mcscagds mc mrbjbmd) trbtbhocftd mc bjubs scrvombs) quchb

pâjofb f¼ 2;0




mc mcscagds `drcstbics) adibs mc batovombmcs hofcrbs) abrjbs scmohcftbrobs cxacsovbs/&

c/ Jbscs mc c`catd ofvcrfbmcrd< Jbscs quc bitcrbf ib adhpdsoaoñf bthds`ïroab 'AD5) hctbfd/&

`/ Hbtcrobics rbmodbatovds< Ucsomuds mc cfsbyds fuaicbrcs eïioads) rcsomuds mc acftrbicsfuaicbrcs) mcscagds hïmoads&

j/ Qbics< Cxacsd mc sbi 'quèhoads pbrb rchdvcr ib focvc) rcsomuds mc rocjd) rcchpibzd mc bjub

muiac pdr bjub hbrofb/&

g/ [diuaoñf sdfdrb< Cxacsd mc ruomds 'ruomd mc butdpostbs) bvodfcs) sdfbrcs/&

o/ [diuaoñf tïrhoab< Cxacsd mc abidr 'abidr mc pibftbs jcfcrbmdrbs mc cfcrjèb/&

l/ [diuaoñf iuhèfoab< Iuacs brtoòaobics quc mosturebf b ids bfohbics y bitcrbf ids pbtrdfcs mc

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murbftc tdmd ci sojid WW&

pâjofb f¼ 222






5& Ofacfmods cf edsqucs hâs gühcmds) mc eblb daurrcfaob) pcrd huy cxtcfsds) pdr ib bauhuibaoñf

mc jrbf abftombm mc hbtcrobi adheustoeic jrucsd) y rcibaodfbmds adf pcrèdmds scads

prdidfjbmds&

Ib cicvbmb cvbpdtrbfsporbaoñf cstovbi y ci ofarchcftd mc murbaoñf c oftcfsombm mc ibs scquèbs)

cspcrbeics cf ibs prñxohbs mïabmbs) sc adheofbrèbf pbrb uf ofarchcftd cf ci rocsjd mc daurrcfaob mc

bheds topds mc ofacfmods y pdsoeichcftc tbheoïf cf ib cxtcfsoñf) cf ci absd mc ibs ârcbs cadtdfbics&

Bspcatds mc usd guhbfd batubi) adhd ib rcmuaaoñf mci jbfbmd cf abhpds mc ib zdfb 'adf rcspcatd b

vbidrcs gostñroads/ y ci buhcftd mc pdeibaoñf urebfb) sdf batdrcs quc pdmrèbf bacftubr csb tcfmcfaob&

Adhd adftrbpbrtomb) ib adfacftrbaoñf mc pdeibaoñf urebfb y ib cxpbfsoñf rcsomcfaobi gbaob ci oftcrodr

mci edsquc) adf hbydrcs rocsjds mc ofacfmods mc oftcr`bsc y pdr cfmc pbrb ib vomb guhbfb) gbprdmuaomd ufb hcldrb scfsoeic cf ids scrvoaods mc adftrdi y suprcsoñf mc ùcjd) sof ids aubics)

cfdrhcs ârcbs mc edsquc y pbstozbics mc cadtdfd) mcftrd y ùcrb mci pbrquc) sc gberèbf quchbmd

cf ids üitohds 3(2; bòds&

Qo eocf fd daurrcf ofacfmods mc hbjfotum cf ci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf mcsmc gbac yb vbrods

bòds 'ids üitohds ofacfmods mc jrbf csabib sc rchdftbf b 2?05 cf ]rdhcf y b 2?7: cf Òdrquofad(

Adidad/) ci hbpb gostñroad mc Udtgnujci '2?20/) rcscòb ohpdrtbftcs ofacfmods b òfcs mci sojid WOW

y profaopods mci sojid WW) cf sotods batubihcftc rcadidfozbmds pdr òorbftbics) dtrds edsqucs

scaufmbrods y$d cstcpbs&

Bijufds `batdrcs fbturbics pucmcf scr mctcrhofbftcs mc ufb bitb adheustoeoiombm batubi cf

bijufbs aucfabs mci pbrquc 'pdr clchpid cf huagds òorbftbics y breustbics mc icfjb cf ci surcstc mci

pbrquc) d bi cstc mci ibjd Aurruguï/& Cftrc ciids sc cfaucftrbf ib ìdrbaoñf rcaocftc mc ib abòb adioguc

cf bhpiobs ârcbs mci pbrquc 'Qbfjuofctto y Jbraèb) 5;;2/ y ib adfscaucftc bauhuibaoñf mc rcsomuds

scads mc bitb adheustoeoiombm) d ibs cstruaturbs adrrcspdfmocftcs b cstbmds suacsodfbics tchprbfds

mc ids edsqucs bi edrmc mc ib cstcpb 'mceomd b abusbs gostñroabs mc usd guhbfd/&

[dr dtrd ibmd) ib arcaocftc bìucfaob mc turoshd cstovbi) ib ohpibftbaoñf mc mcfsbs `drcstbaodfcs)

ci tcfmomd mc rcmcs mc hcmob y bitb tcfsoñf cf ib zdfb y ib utoiozbaoñf cxtcfmomb mc mcpñsotds mc jbs

cfvbsbmd '’zcppciofcs‘/ cf vovocfmbs rurbics) cftrc dtrds) sdf `batdrcs mc rocsjd ohpdrtbftc pbrb ids

ofacfmods& Cstd sc mb tbftd pdr ci ofarchcftd mc ib abrjb mc adheustoeic mci sostchb) cf ci absd mc ibs

`drcstbaodfcs) d pdr ci buhcftd mc ibs pdsoeoiombmcs mc ojfoaoñf cf ci absd mc ids `batdrcs rcstbftcs&

Bmchâs) ib prcscfaob mc ebrrcrbs cf prdpocmbmcs mcftrd mci pbrquc) adhd bibherbmds tclomds y aocrrcs

adf abfmbmd) bòbmcf uf ùcrtc ofadfvcfocftc bi mcspibzbhocftd y baaodfbr mc ids scrvoaods mc adftrdi

ofoaobi mc ofacfmods) auyb c`catovombm mcpcfmc cf jrbf hcmomb mc ufb abpbaombm râpomb mc rcspucstb&

Qof chebrjd) ci tcfmomd mc abhofds mc cstbfaobs) idtcds) scfmbs turèstoabs) cta&) `baoiotbrèb adhd

adftrbpbrtomb) uf râpomd baacsd bi `dad mc ofacfmod&

pâjofb f¼ 221




@batdrcs mc pdiètoab y mcsbrrdiid rcjodfbi&

[diètoabs mci jdeocrfd fcuquofd&

Ci mdauhcftd mcfdhofbmd [ibf Fcuquïf 5;5; 'Hbrtèfcz Jubrofd y dtrds) 2??:/ uc prcscftbmd

cf 2??:) murbftc ci jdeocrfd mc @ciopc Qbpbj& Ci jdeocrfd quc ibfzñ cstc pibf ùc iucjd suacmomd pdr

mds hbfmbtds suacsovds mc uf jdeocrfd mci hoshd pbrtomd pcrd mc ufb ièfcb oftcrfb mo`crcftc& Qof

chebrjd) ib pcrtcfcfaob b uf hoshd pbrtomd y prdycatd pdiètoad) ib vosoñf mcsbrrdiiostb y tbheoïf ib

buscfaob mc ufb prdpucstb sustotutovb) gbacf mci pibf Fcuquïf 5;5; ci üfoad pibftcd pbsoeic mc scr

bfbiozbmd adf rcibaoñf b ib pcrspcatovb juecrfbhcftbi pbrb ci mcsbrrdiid prdvofaobi b hcmobfd pibzd& Ci

mdauhcftd pibftcb uf abhofd mc mcsbrrdiid pbrb ib prdvofaob) ebsbmd cf ib sdstcfoeoiombm cadfñhoab)

bheocftbi) sdaobi y juecrfbhcftbi& Mcòfc ci csacfbrod ùturd mc ib prdvofaob ebsbmd cf ib prdmuaaoñf

mc ids scatdrcs bjrd`drcstbi y bjrdofmustrobi cf prohcr iujbr y adhd scatdrcs adhpichcftbrods hcfaodfb

b ids scatdrcs turèstoad) cfcrjïtoad y hofcrd& Ofmoab adhd fcacsbrod<

v Ofadrpdrbr b ib prdmuaaoñf cf 5; bòds) 2;;;;; gb& bjrdpcaubrobs y 5;;;;; gb& adf `drcstbaoñf)

adf rcstroaaodfcs mc eblb adftbhofbaoñf&

v Mcsbrrdiibr ib bjrdofmustrob pbrb ofadrpdrbr vbidr bjrcjbmd b ib prdmuaaoñf prohbrob&

v Adhpichcftbr ci clc acftrbi mci mcsbrrdiid 'bjrd`drcstbi/ adf ci turoshd) ib cfcrjèb y ib hofcrèb&

v @drtbicacr ib adhufoabaoñf eo(dacâfoab cf ci mcsbrrdiid adhcraobi& Ci prdycatd mci `crrdabrroi]rbsbfmofd mci Qur '\bpbib( Idfquohby) batubihcftc cf adfstruaaoñf cf sus prohcrds trbhds)

acrab mc \bpbib/ scrèb uf cichcftd cstrbtïjoad mc cstc adrrcmdr adhcraobi& ]bheoïf ufb

hbydr oftcjrbaoñf adf ci Bitd Pbiic mc ib prdvofaob mc Uèd Fcjrd) adfstotuyc dtrd poibr mci

arcaohocftd adhcraobi&

Dtrds iofcbhocftds aibvcs quc sdf rcicvbftcs b ids òfcs mc cstc mobjfñstoad sdf< ci moscòd mc

uf bheocftc pbrb ofvcrsdrcs) ci bòbfzbhocftd mc ib omcftombm y ib oftcjrbaoñf adf Agoic) rcscrvbfmd

pbrb ci cstbmd uf pbpci mc prdvccmdr mc of`rbcstruaturb) scjurombm lurèmoab y `dhcftd mc ib ofvcrsoñf)prcvocfmd uf ùcrtc rdi prdtbjñfoad mc ib batovombm provbmb& Bjub) tocrrb y cfcrjèb scrèbf ids rcaursds

ùfmbhcftbics pbrb cstc mcsbrrdiid y abheod mc pbrbmojhb cf Fcuquïf) mdfmc id cstbtbi sdstocfc bi

mcsbrrdiid) cquotbtovbhcftc adf ib chprcsb provbmb) ibs DFJ‟s y ib Sfovcrsombm&

Adhd adfmoaodfcs pbrb ci mcsbrrdiid sc bscjurb quc cf ids prñxohds 5; bòds sc mcec bhpiobr

sustbfaobihcftc ib `rdftcrb bjrdpcaubrob) mcsbrrdiibr ib bjrdofmustrob y idjrb ib ofscraoñf cf ci hcrabmd

oftcrfbaodfbi b trbvïs mci adrrcmdr eo(dacâfoad& B fovcics rcjodfbics 'mc aucfabs/ sc adfaoec b ibs

Adrpdrbaodfcs mc Mcsbrrdiid) cxostcftcs d pdr arcbrsc) adhd ib vèb ofstotuaodfbi fcacsbrob pbrb cstc

abheod) cf tbftd quc ci adfscfsd pdiètoad) luftd adf ci adfdaohocftd y ib jdecrfbeoiombm adfstotuycf ci

hbrad prdvofaobi fcacsbrod&

Ib prdpucstb bfbiozb ib arosos mci sostchb cfcrjïtoad b fovci idabi) adf adfscaucfaobs tbics

adhd ci mcschpicd y pderczb arcaocftcs 'pbraobihcftc bsdaobmds b ib provbtozbaoñf mc ibs chprcsbs

pâjofb f¼ 22=




cfcrjïtoabs cf ib mïabmb pbsbmb/) ci bjdtbhocftd mci jbs y ci pctrñicd y ci mctcrodrd mc ids rcaursds

vcjctbics adf rcmuaaoñf mc cxostcfaobs jbfbmcrbs&

[dr dtrb pbrtc) ci mdauhcftd tocfc adfsomcrbaodfcs gbaob dtrbs ofstotuaodfcs y drjbfoshds mc

jdeocrfd) cftrc ids quc sc cfaucftrb ib Bmhofostrbaoñf mc [brqucs Fbaodfbics& Abioòab b ib cxostcfaob

mc ids pbrqucs adhd ’uf cfaibvc cxaiuycftc quc daupb eucfb pbrtc mci tcrrotdrod adf ufb mosautomb

lurosmoaaoñf‘ & ]bheoïf vosubiozb quc cxostc uf cspbaod hâs adhpicld cf mdfmc sc supcrpdfcf d brtoauibf

rcjodfcs '[btbjdfob/) hbard rcjodfcs 'HCUADQSU/ y hoard rcjodfcs) adf ibs bmhofostrbaodfcs

lurosmoaaodfbics aiâsoabs 'prdvofaob) mcpbrtbhcftd) hufoaopod/& Mceomd bi rcstrofjomd âheotd jcdjrâòad

mc ids hufoaopods) fd sc ids adfsomcrb batdrcs ofmovomubics rcicvbftcs pbrb uf mcsbrrdiid sustcftbeic)

sofd quc aderbf ohpdrtbfaob oftcjrbmds cf ib csabib hoard rcjodfbi) tdhbfmd adhd ebscs b ib adrmoiicrb

y b ibs aucfabs gomrdjrâòabs pbrb csb hoard rcjodfbiozbaoñf&

Cf aubftd b ibs batovombmcs mc prdmuaaoñf prohbrob hâs prdhosdrobs pbrb ci arcaohocftd mci

[rdmuatd Erutd Jcdjrâòad '[EJ/ y ci chpicd sc cfaucftrbf ib gdrtoauiturb) ib `drcstbaoñf 'sc hcfaodfbf

0;;;;; gbs& bptbs cf ib adrmoiicrb) pdr cfaohb mc ib osdgoctb mc 0;; hh bfubics/) ib prdmuaaoñf mc

brdhâtoabs y ib jbfbmcrèb 'cf vbiics adrmoiicrbfds y dtrbs rcjodfcs mci acftrd(dcstc prdvofaobi/&

Ci arcaohocftd mc cstbs prdmuaaodfcs cstbrèb òfbfaobmd pdr ci scatdr provbmd) baacmocfmd bi

arïmotd cf ci hcrabmd fbaodfbi d oftcrfbaodfbi& B fovci idabi) ibs Adrpdrbaodfcs bpbrcacf adhd

oftcrhcmobrobs bprdpobmbs pbrb vofauibr ci arïmotd adf ib prdmuaaoñf) b trbvïs mc òmcoadhosds cftrcprdpoctbrods mc rcaursds fbturbics y dfmds mc ofvcrsoñf& Ib ofvcrsoñf püeioab badhpbòbrèb cstc prdacsd

cf sus bspcatds lurèmoads) ofstotuaodfbics y sdaobics&

Cf aubftd bi turoshd) sc adfsomcrb quc ib eciiczb csaïfoab mc ids pbosblcs fcuquofds y ib

vbrocmbm mc bheocftcs) luftd adf ib of`rbcstruaturb ofstbibmb mc btcfaoñf bi vosotbftc) adf`drhbf ufb

d`crtb huy oftcrcsbftc pbrb ci arcaohocftd ebsbmd cf ci hcrabmd oftcrfbaodfbi y ùfaodfbi b ib

oftcjrbaoñf rcjodfbi 'Hcradsur) adrrcmdr eo(dacâfoad) cta&/& Ib cstrbtcjob pbrb ci arcaohocftd turèstoad

sc bpdybrèb cf csùcrzds mc abptbaoñf mc ib mchbfmb) adf baaodfcs mc hbrnctofj y adhcraobiozbaoñf)c ofadrpdrbaoñf mc ib tchâtoab turèstoab cf ib aurrèauib cmuabtovb& Aubftotbtovbhcftc) sc adfsomcrb quc

ib abpbaombm rcacptovb pcrhotorèb ib btcfaoñf bmcaubmb mc uf hoiiñf y hcmod mc turostbs bfubihcftc&

Mc ids 22 acftrds turèstoads profaopbics ofmoabmds cf ib prdpucstb) trcs sc cfaucftrbf adftojuds bi

pbrquc Ibfèf 'Qbf Hbrtèf) Lufèf mc ids Bfmcs y Biuhofï$ Poiib [cgucfob/ y dtrds mds cstâf cf ci

[brquc Fbaodfbi Fbguci Gubpo 'Poiib ]rbùi y Poiib ib Bfjdsturb/) adhufoabmds adf ci pbrquc Ibfèf pdr

ib Uutb mc ids Qoctc Ibjds&

Cf tchbs cfcrjïtoads) adfsaocftcs mci bjdtbhocftd mc ibs rcscrvbs gomrdabreurè`crbs) ci pibf

scòbib adhd prodrotbrod ci hbftcfohocftd y usd còaocftc mc ibs cxostcfaobs y ci mcsbrrdiid mc cfcrjèbs

rcfdvbeics& Gbaob 2??3 sc cstohbeb quc Fcuquïf pdscèb rcscrvbs jbsè`crbs adhprdebmbs mc 13;;;;

hoiidfcs mc h1 '33# mci tdtbi fbaodfbi/ y prdmuaèb bfubihcftc 2:;;; hoiidfcs mc h1) adf uf gdrozdftc

pâjofb f¼ 223




mc bjdtbhocftd mc 5; bòds& [dr dtrb pbrtc) cf csc hoshd bòd) ibs rcscrvbs pctrdiè`crbs sc cstohbebf

cf 13; hoiidfcs mc h1) adf ufb prdmuaaoñf bfubi mc bijd hcfds mc 20 hoiidfcs mc h1) adf ibs rcscrvbs

acftrbics bjdtbmbs cf : bòds 'cs mcaor) adofaomcftcs adf ci hdhcftd batubi/& Cftrc ids mcsbrrdiidscfcrjïtoads bitcrfbtovds) sc mcstbab bi bprdvcagbhocftd jcdtïrhoad 'idabi/ cf Adpbguc(Abvobguc&

Ci pdtcfaobi hofcrd) pbrb ufb vbrocmbm mc hctbics sc mcstbab cf ci fdrdcstc prdvofaobi) y pbrb

ids hofcrbics fd hctbiè`crds) cf ci ârcb mc Adfìucfaob(\bpbib& [brb ci mcpbrtbhcftd Biuhofï) sc

mcstbab ufb hdmcrbmb pdtcfaobiombm mc rcaursds adhd ci aderc y dtrds hofcrbics bsdaobmds& Fd sc

hcfaodfbf ârcbs gbaob ib zdfb sur y surdcstc) b mo`crcfaob mc id quc gb vcfomd daurrocfmd adf ibs

pdiïhoabs prdpucstbs mc cxtrbaaoñf mc drd cf ib zdfb mc Csquci 'Agueut/&

Dtrds bspcatds mcstbabmds mci pibf sdf uf cf`dquc provoicjobmd gbaob ib cmuabaoñf) of`drhbaoñf)

drjbfozbaoñf y hcldrbhocftd mc ib jcstoñf püeioab y provbmb& Bsohoshd sc rcbizb adfacptubihcftc ib

cquombm sdaobi y ci csùcrzd adftrb ib mcsdaupbaoñf) adf pbuibtofb rcadfvcrsoñf mc ecfcòaobrods mc

pibfcs pbrb mcsdaupbmds gbaob batovombmcs prdmuatovbs&

Bspcatds mcstbabeics mc ib prdpucstb mc pibfoòabaoñf prdvofaobi pbrb ci mobjfñstoad mci

[brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf&

Mc ib icaturb arètoab mci mdauhcftd y cf rcibaoñf adf ci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf sc mcstbabf ids

sojuocftcs puftds<

× Adf cxacpaoñf mc ib hcfaoñf mc ids [brqucs Fbaodfbics adhd uf ’ cfaibvc cxaiuycftc‘ mc

’ mosautomb lurosmoaaoñf‘ ) ibs pdiètoabs y ibs ofstotuaodfcs fbaodfbics abrcacf mc tdmb adfsomcrbaoñf)

bfâiosos y prdpucstbs&

× Ibs aoumbmcs turèstoabs mci sur mc Fcuquïf y su cftdrfd adfstotuycf cichcftds acftrbics pbrb

ci mcsbrrdiid turèstoad prdvofaobi& Ibs ârcbs fbaodfbics prdtcjombs sdf ci csacfbrod aibvc pbrb

cstbeicacr cstb d`crtb turèstoab& Ci cstbmd prdvofaobi prodrozb ib abptbaoñf mc ib mchbfmb bi

hcldrbhocftd mc ibs adfmoaodfcs mc abpbaombm c of`rbcstruaturb ofstbibmb pbrb btcfaoñf bi turostb&

× Ci adrrcmdr eo(dacâfoad) adf ci `crrdabrroi ]rbsbfmofd) adfstotuycf uf clc adhcraobi mc ùturb

trbsacfmcfaob) quc cf absd mc bvbfzbr ibs derbs y ibs ofvcrsodfcs adfadhotbftcs) pdmrèb hdmoòabr

mrâstoabhcftc ib aorauibaoñf adhcraobi `rdftcrozb) quc gdy mosaurrc cf ib rcjoñf profaopbihcftc b

trbvïs mci [bsd Abrmcfbi Qbhdrï) cf ci pbrquc Fbguci Gubpo) acrab mc Poiib ib Bfjdsturb&

Ucaocftchcftc) mcsmc ib Icjosibturb fcuquofb sc butdrozñ bi pdmcr clcautovd ib adftrbtbaoñf mc

uf chprïstotd pbrb òfbfaobr vbrobs derbs) cftrc ciibs ci `crrdabrroi ]rbsbfmofd&

× Ib `drcstbaoñf cf sotods bptds mc ibs ârcbs adrmoiicrbfbs y bicmbòbs) cs ufd mc ids scatdrcs mc

hbydr oftcrïs mc ib prdpucstb) adf uf pdtcfaobi quc supcrbrèb bhpiobhcftc ib supcròaoc mci

pbrquc& ]bheoïf ci arcaohocftd mc ib jbfbmcrèb cs vostd adhd ufb ohpdrtbftc ucftc mc mcsbrrdiid&

× Ib adfscrvbaoñf mc ib fbturbiczb cf su adfluftd fd sc hcfaodfb cf tdmd ci mdauhcftd) hâsbiiâ mc ib vbidrozbaoñf mc ids rcaursds pbosblèstoads adf quc aucftb Fcuquïf y pcsc b ib rcotcrbmb

hcfaoñf mci mcsbrrdiid sustcftbeic y$d b ib sdstcfoeoiombm bheocftbi mci mcsbrrdiid& Ibs ârcbs

pâjofb f¼ 220




prdtcjombs fbaodfbics y prdvofaobics cstâf buscftcs mc tdmb adfsomcrbaoñf) bsè adhd ibs pdiètoabs

mc hbfcld mc rcaursds fbturbics ùcrb mc cstbs ârcbs) quc fd ohpioqucf su bprdvcagbhocftd&

× B pcsbr mc ib ohpdrtbfaob mc ib pdeibaoñf bedrojcf mc Fcuquïf) sus abrbatcrèstoabs cf ârcbsrurbics y su cstrcagb vofauibaoñf adf ibs ârcbs jcdjrâòabs cstrbtïjoabs pbrb ib oftcrvcfaoñf) fd

sc hcfaodfbf baaodfcs d fcacsombmcs mc trbebld adf cstc jrupd pdeibaodfbi) fo tbhpdad adf ibs

adhufombmcs idabics& Hâs buf) cf ci absd mc ids hufoaopods) sc adfsomcrb quc pdr su rcmuaomb

mohcfsoñf) ciids scrèbf ofsuòaocftcs pbrb brtoauibr ci mcsbrrdiid prdvofaobi&

× Ib hoard rcjoñf cs adfsomcrbmb ib ufombm mc jcstoñf bprdpobmb pbrb ib abfbiozbaoñf mc ofvcrsodfcs

y ci hbfcld mci pbosblc b fovci mc aucfab& Ib hoshb ohpioab ib oftcjrbaoñf y ids adfscfsds

fcacsbrods pbrb ci mcsbrrdiid cftrc hufoaopods mc ufb hoshb aucfab& Ciid pucmc rcsuitbr

pbrtoauibrhcftc mo`èaoi aubfmd ids hufoaopods mc ufb hoshb aucfab sdf mc mo`crcftc

òiobaoñf pbrtombrob&

× Ci adfscfsd pdiètoad scrèb ufb adfmoaoñf fcacsbrob pbrb ib vobeoiombm mci pibf& Qof chebrjd) fd

sc cxpioab cf quï adfsostc ib adfstruaaoñf mc cstc adfscfsd) cf aubftd b so prdhucvc ci

huitopbrtomoshd y ib pbrtoaopbaoñf aoumbmbfb cf `drhb batovb 'fd fcacsbrobhcftc iojbmb b DFJ‟s/)

ib adf`rdftbaoñf mc cf`dqucs adf ib dpdsoaoñf d ib fcacsombm mc cstbeicacr baucrmds adf tdmds

ids pbrtomds pbrb cstbeicacr ufb vcrmbmcrb pdiètoab mc cstbmd&

[diètoabs y pdsturbs juecrfbhcftbics mc mo`crcftcs fovcics cf rcibaoñf adf ci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf&

Qc cfuhcrbf b adftofubaoñf bijufbs baaodfcs y pibftcds quc tbftd ci batubi jdeocrfd prdvofaobi)

adhd ids jdeocrfds hufoaopbics vcaofds gbs ohpichcftbmd rcaocftchcftc) quc pcrhotcf) luftd

adf ib gostdrob mc ib rcibaoñf [brqucs([rdvofaob) prdpdfcr bijufbs gopñtcsos sderc tcfmcfaobs

ùturbs mcrovbmbs mc ciibs<

2/ Ucaocftchcftc) ci jdeocrfd fcuquofd gb hbfo`cstbmd) cf ci hbrad mc ufb ùcrtc adf`rdftbaoñf

adf ci jdeocrfd fbaodfbi) quc ’bumotbrâ‘ ib jcstoñf bheocftbi cf ids pbrqucs fbaodfbics cf su tcrrotdrod&

[brcacrèb quc ib mospdsoaoñf mc rcsomuds sñiomds cf ids pbrqucs ùcrb ufd mc ids tchbs profaopbics

cicjomds pbrb cstc cf`rcftbhocftd& Cstd gb jcfcrbmd tcfsodfcs idabics y pucstd cf aibrd quc ib ’mosautomb

lurosmoaaoñf‘ hcfaodfbmb prcvobhcftc cf ci [ibf Fcuquïf 5;5;) hbftocfc ufb oftcfaoñf pdiètoab

cspcaèòab) adhd cs ci picfd clcraoaod mc ib lurosmoaaoñf prdvofaobi cf tocrrbs mc ib B[F& Cstb ièfcb mc

pcfsbhocftd y baaoñf gb somd uf clc ofbitcrbmd mci pbrtomd jdecrfbftc mcsmc ib prdvofaobiozbaoñf mci

tcrrotdrod& Ids jdeocrfds suacsovds bsuhcf quc ids pbrqucs fbaodfbics pcrtcfcacf b ib prdvofaob fd

sñid tcrrotdrobihcftc) sofd bmhofostrbtovbhcftc) y pdr cfmc) gby quc ’rcaupcrbrids‘2& Cf ci batubi hbrad

mc ib rc`drhb mc ib Adfstotuaoñf prdvofaobi) ci pbrtomd prdvofaobi jdecrfbftc gb prcscftbmd prdpucstbs

mc brtèauids quc prctcfmcf bvbfzbr cf cstc scftomd&

Cs mcstbabeic ci pbrbicioshd mc cstb oftcfaodfbiombm pdiètoab adf ids rcaibhds mc drjbfozbaodfcs hbpuagc idabics) quc adfsomcrbf quc ib tocrrb y ids

rcaursds mc [brqucs Fbaodfbics y tbheoïf mci tcrrotdrod prdvofaobi 'cspcaobihcftc ids mc ib Adrpdrbaoñf Oftcrcstbmubi [uihbrè/) quc gbeotbrdf gostñroabhcftc

ics pcrtcfcacf) y pdr id tbftd tbheoïf rcaibhbf ib butdfdhèb fcacsbrob pbrb bmhofostrbrids adf rcjibs prdpobs&

pâjofb f¼ 22:




5/ Ids abheods mc pcrtcfcfaob pbrtombrob mc bijufds jdeocrfds hufoaopbics idabics cf ibs

üitohbs cicaaodfcs pbrb cstc fovci mc jdeocrfd) cf dpdsoaoñf bi pbrtomd jdecrfbftc) adhd cs ci absd mc

Qbf Hbrtèf y Poiib ib Bfjdsturb) gbf ohpioabmd murbs adf`rdftbaodfcs adf ci jdeocrfd prdvofaobi)gbeotubihcftc badstuherbmd b ufb adfmuaaoñf ufo`drhc y gcjchñfoab mcsmc Fcuquïf Abpotbi gbaob

ci oftcrodr mc ib prdvofaob& Bmchâs mc prdeichbs rcibtovds b ib adpbrtoaopbaoñf mc ofjrcsds idabics d

prdvofaobics) cstds adfìoatds sc sdstocfcf rcarcbfmd cstruaturbs pbrbicibs cf ib zdfb) pbrtoauibrhcftc

cf ibs ârcbs mc jcstoñf hâs iojbmbs bi mcsbrrdiid idabi) quc cf ci hcfdr mc ids absds) moòauitbf ib

pdsoeoiombm mc bacrabr pdsoaodfcs cf pds mc delctovds adhufcs mc adfscrvbaoñf mc ids rcaursds y

mcsbrrdiid sdaod(cadfñhoad& Mceomd b ciid) ci pbrquc Ibfèf mcec brtoauibr baaodfcs quc ofvdiuarbf bi

mcsbrrdiid mc ib rcjoñf adf mds fovcics mo`crcftcs mc jdeocrfd&

1/ Cf 5;;=) Fcuquïf ibfzñ uf pibf jbfbmcrd pbrb ofarchcftbr ci stdan prdvofaobi 'batubihcftc

ofsuòaocftc pbrb aueror ib mchbfmb prdvofaobi oftcrfb/) suesomobfmd ib prdmuaaoñf mc abrfc b trbvïs mc

prcaods prc`crcfaobics) cf tbftd sc mcstofcf bi aorauotd mc `bcfb idabi& Cstb hcmomb biocftb ib rctcfaoñf

mc vocftrcs y ci ofarchcftd mc cxostcfaobs) pcrd buf rcsuitb ofaocrtd su ohpbatd cf ibs cstbfaobs mci

pbrquc d acrabfbs& Cf vortum mc ids aoaids eodiñjoads mc ib prdmuaaoñf) sc cstohb quc ci pdtcfaobi

ohpbatd rcaoïf scrâ bprcaobeic cf ufds 1(3 bòds '5;;:(5;2;/& Ci jrbmd mc ohpbatd descrvbmd

mcpcfmcrâ mc ib adftofuombm y adgcrcfaob mci hcfaodfbmd pibf prdvofaobi cf sus mo`crcftcs baaodfcs&

=/ Ids hufoaopods mc Lufèf y Qbf Hbrtèf mc ids Bfmcs cvomcfaobf mcsmc gbac yb bijufds bòds

ufb pdiètoab batovb 'cf bijufds absds adfluftbhcftc y adf ci bpdyd mci jdeocrfd prdvofaobi/) cf ib

abptbaoñf mci turoshd y cf ib oftcjrbaoñf adf adhufbs agoicfbs vcaofbs adf ids hoshds ofcs< ofarchcftbr

ci ìuld turèstoad rcjodfbi y prdhdaodfbr ci cspbaod jcdjrâòad drocftbmd gbaob ci turoshd cstovbi) ib abzb)

ib pcsab y ids mcpdrtcs ofvcrfbics& Cf hcfdr hcmomb y adf abrbatcrèstoabs mo`crcftcs) ci mcsbrrdiid mc

Biuhofï(Poiib [cgucfob sojuc ufb ièfcb sohoibr) adhpbrtomb tbheoïf adf Poiib ib Bfjdsturb& Ci ùcrtc

abheod cstruaturbi y ib mcvbiubaoñf mc ib hdfcmb) daurromds cf Brjcftofb cf ids üitohds bòds cf ci

hbrad mc uf adftcxtd hufmobi `bvdrbeic) gb ohpuisbmd ùcrtchcftc ci arcaohocftd mci turoshd cf ci

pbès) adf ids ibjds mci sur adhd ufd mc ids mcstofds prc`crcfaobics&

3/ Qc bprcaob ufb adofaomcfaob cftrc ibs ofstbfaobs fbaodfbi) prdvofaobi y hufoaopbi cf aubftd b

ib fcacsombm mc mcsbrrdiibr y bprdvcagbr ùcrtchcftc ibs dpdrtufombmcs cadfñhoabs quc erofmb ci

turoshd& Ib prdpob B[F pbrtoaopb batovbhcftc mc cstc prdacsd) adf ohpdrtbftcs ofvcrsodfcs cf

of`rbcstruaturb y scrvoaods) adhd acftrds mc oftcrprctbaoñf) d ci rcaocftchcftc ohpichcftbmd prdycatd

’]rcs [brqucs) Qoctc Ibjds‘ adf bpdyd mci Ebfad Oftcrbhcroabfd mc Mcsbrrdiid 'EOM/& Fd destbftc) ids

scrvoaods mc btcfaoñf tbftd pbrb turostbs adhd pbrb vosotbftcs idabics y mc prcvcfaoñf y adftrdi cf

huagbs ârcbs rcsuitbf ofsuòaocftcs) pbrtoauibrhcftc cf vcrbfd&

0/ Ci rocsjd mc ofacfmods cf ib rcjoñf adftofüb cf fovcics cxtrchds murbftc ci vcrbfd& Ci buhcftd

mc ib abrjb mc adheustoeic quc vocfcf cxpcrohcftbfmd ibs ârcbs edsadsbs mcsmc gbac hâs mc =;

pâjofb f¼ 227










CQABIB \DFBI '[BURSC FBAODFBI IBFÈF _ \DFBQ ADIOFMBF]CQ/

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mostroeuombs mci sojuocftc hdmd< 1 cf ib hbrjcf sur mci ibjd Ididj) ? cf ib aucfab mc ids ibjds Iâabr y

Fdftguï) 2 cf ib hbrjcf sur mci ibjd [bohüf) y 2 bi dcstc mci ibjd @oid Gub Guh& Ib hbydr pbrtc mc

cstds pcrhosds mbtbf mc `cagbs cftrc 2?17 y 2?3: y mds pdeibaodfcs buf fd tocfcf butdrozbaoñf icjbi

pdr pbrtc mc ib Bmhofostrbaoñf mc [brqucs Fbaodfbics ']beib 1&5&/&

Cf ibs pdeibaodfcs gbeotb uf prdhcmod mc 5)? gbeotbftcs pdr füaicd 'CQ 8 ;)33/ y aucftbf cf

prdhcmod adf 2)0 vovocfmbs mcstofbmbs adhd absb gbeotbaoñf 'CQ 8 ;)53/& Qo eocf id cstroatbhcftc

cmoioaod daupb ufb supcròaoc huy puftubi) ib hbydr supcròaoc cstâ mcstofbmb b ids usds cxtrbatovds quc

mcsbrrdiibf) profaopbihcftc jbfbmcrd y icòcrd& Id rc`cromd bi usd mci cspbaod pdr jbfbmcrèb scrâ

mcsbrrdiibmd cf ci tchb adrrcspdfmocftc&

]beib 1&5& [deibmdrcs mc drojcf arodiid mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf) `cagb drojofbi mci [[D[) aubfmd id tuvocrcf)abftombm mc gbeotbftcs y vovocfmbs mc abmb pdeibaoñf& b [crhosd sof suacsdrcs) batubihcftc ebld bfâiosos> e Gbeotbftcstchpdrbrods quc rcsomcf hcfds mc 5 hcscs bi bòd> a vovocfmb cf adfstruaaoñf&

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Biuhofï) Lufèf mc ids Bfmcs y Qbf Hbrtèf mc ids Bfmcs& Cf csc hoshd drmcf y mc hcfdr b hbydr) sc

abrbatcrozbf pdr ib abftombm mc gbeotbftcs quc abmb ufb biecrjb& Ibs trcs idabiombmcs gbf hdstrbmd

uf ohpdrtbftc arcaohocftd cf ibs üitohbs mïabmbs ']beib 1&=&/& Qbf Hbrtèf mc ids Bfmcs) fd sdid cs ib

idabiombm hâs jrbfmc mc ibs trcs) sofd quc tbheoïf cs ib mc hbydr arcaohocftd) adf bijd hâs mci =;#dbfubi prdhcmod murbftc ibs üitohbs trcs mïabmbs& Lufèf mc ids Bfmcs sc ueoab oftcrhcmob cf abftombm

mc gbeotbftcs) pcrd adf uf arcaohocftd prdhcmod hcfdr) pdr cfaohb mci 1;#d bfubi cf ci hoshd

pcrèdmd& Ibs tbsbs mc arcaohocftd descrvbmbs cf ib üitohb mïabmb '2??2(5;;2/ sc ueoabf cftrc ibs

hâs cicvbmbs mc ib prdvofaob mc Fcuquïf) pbrb idabiombmcs mc prohcrb y scjufmb abtcjdrèb) sdid

supcrbmbs pdr ci absd mc idabiombmcs cf zdfbs mc cxpidtbaoñf gomrdabreurè`crb 'Uofañf mc ids Qbuacs/)

zdfbs `rutèadibs cf cxpbfsoñf 'Qbf [btroaod mci Agbòbr/ y absds cspcaobics adhd Poiib ib Bfjdsturb y

Bfmbadiid 'Morcaaoñf Jcfcrbi mc Cstbmèstoab y Acfsds) 5;;5/&

Qo bsuhohds quc cstbs trcs idabiombmcs hbftcfmrâf cf drhb bprdxohbmb ib tbsb mc arcaohocftd

bfubi descrvbmb murbftc ci pcrèdmd 2??2(5;;2) pdmchds rcbiozbr prdycaaodfcs mc su arcaohocftd

pbrb uf csacfbrod b 53 bòds 'bòd 5;1;/& Cf tbi absd) ibs pdeibaodfcs mc Biuhofï) Lufèf y Qbf Hbrtèf

mc ids Bfmcs sc ueoabrèbf bprdxohbmbhcftc cf 7150) 57;7: y :;2=3 gbeotbftcs) rcspcatovbhcftc&

Csd sojfoòab quc cf ci 5;1;) cftrc ibs trcs idabiombmcs) gberâ bprdxohbmbhcftc bijd hâs mc 2;;;;;

gbeotbftcs pcrhbfcftcs) clcraocfmd prcsoñf sderc ids rcaursds y ib eodmovcrsombm mci pbrquc Ibfèf& Cs

abso ohpdsoeic arccr quc) bi hcfds cf ci absd mc Qbf Hbrtèf mc ids Bfmcs) ciid fd mcrovc cf uf bvbfac

mc ib aoumbm sderc ci pbrquc) sderc tdmd pdr ib fcacsombm mc cspbaod pbrb adfstruaaoñf mc vovocfmbsy mcsbrrdiid mc scrvoaods&

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Idtcds rcsomcfaobics&

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mctcrodrd cadfñhoad gostñroad mc ib batovombm jbfbmcrb) ci hcldrbhocftd vobi) ib mospdfoeoiombm mc scrvoaods

püeioads y ci arcaohocftd mci vbidr turèstoad c ofhdeoiobrod mc ib rcjoñf) derbrdf mc cstèhuid pbrb ib

trbfs`drhbaoñf mc prcmods rurbics cf voiibs mc idtcs& Cstc topd mc bscftbhocftds scho(urebfds sc idabiozb

profaopbihcftc cf ib zdfb sur mci pbrquc Ibfèf '@ojurb 1&2&/& Qof chebrjd) fuhcrdsds idtcds hufoaopbics

cf ci ièhotc drocftbi mci pbrquc 'edrmcs d acrabfèbs mc ids ibjds Iâabr) Ididj) Gucaguib`qucf) y bijd

hâs biclbmd) Poiib [cgucfob) bi fdrtc mc Biuhofï/) adhpictbf ib bhpiobaoñf mc ids cspbaods cxtrb urebfds

pdr ùcrb mci pbrquc) pcrd adiofmbftcs bi hoshd&

Ib supcròaoc tdtbi mci pbrquc b`catbmb b idtcds cs mc bijd hâs mc 3;; gcatârcbs& Cxostcf

jrbfmcs vbrobaodfcs tbftd cf ib supcròaoc tdtbi mc abmb idtcd adhd cf ci tbhbòd prdhcmod mc abmb

idtc) quc dsaoib cftrc 22;; y 213;; h5 ']beib 1&3&/& Ci fühcrd mc idtcs cf abmb idtcd ìuatüb cftrc 1 y

hâs mc :;; pbrb ci absd mci idtcd hâs cxtcfsd) quc cs ci mc ibjd Gcrhdsd ']beib 1&3&/&

Ib bprdebaoñf mc ids idtcds cf Ruoib Ruofb y ibjd Gcrhdsd mbtb mc ufds 3;(0; bòds btrâs)

hocftrbs quc ids mc Hcioquofb) Gucaguib`qucf y rèd Gcrhdsd sdf bijd hâs rcaocftcs) adf ufds 1;(13

bòds mc bftojùcmbm ']beib 1&3&/& Cstds idtcds ùcrdf bprdebmds pdr ib Bmhofostrbaoñf mc [brqucs

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bijufds absds ids idtcs crbf vcfmomds b mostbfaob y b prcaods cxojuds 'Cl&< Gucaguib`qucf/& Huagds mc

ids bmquorcftcs drojofbics fufab iicjbrdf b vosotbrids fo b trbhotbr ids tètuids mc prdpocmbm) pdr id quc

cf aocrtds absds ids idtcs ùcrdf vcfmomds hâs mc ufb vcz pdr ci prdpoctbrod drojofbi&

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Gbstb hcmobmds mc ids ‗7; ids idtcds cstuvocrdf prâatoabhcftc mcsdaupbmds) socfmd usbmds

pdr jbfbmd mc pdeibmdrcs d cstbfaobs) id quc sojuc daurrocfmd cf hcfdr hcmomb& Mcsmc hcmobmds mc

ids ‗7;) ib cxpbfsoñf urebfb y turèstoab rcjodfbi prdmuld uf jrbf ohpuisd cf ib adhcraobiozbaoñf yadfstruaaoñf cf tdmb ib rcjoñf& Ci üfoad idtcd quc ofoaod ib cmoòabaoñf cf `drhb hâs tchprbfb ùc ci mc

Ruoib Ruofb) mdfmc ib adfstruaaoñf adhcfzñ cf ib mïabmb mc 2?=2(2?3; '@ojurb 1&5&/& Ci arcaohocftd

pdstcrodr mc Qbf Hbrtèf mc ids Bfmcs ']beib 1&=&/) gozd quc aocrtds idtcds acrabfds arcaocrbf hâs pdr

ib rcueoabaoñf mc gbeotbftcs y$d ib adfstruaaoñf mc vovocfmbs mc mcsabfsd) quc pdr ib mchbfmb turèstoab

cxtcrfb& Ci bs`bitbmd pbraobi mc ib Uutb mc ids Qoctc Ibjds tbheoïf `bvdrcaoñ cstc mcsbrrdiid mcftrd mci

pbrquc quc) mcsmc ib mïabmb mc ids ‟?;) vod mcsedrmbmb su abpbaombm mc adftrdibr cstds arcaohocftds

cxpbfsovds) ebsbmds cf moscòds jcdhïtroads adf fuib adfsomcrbaoñf mc ib tdpdjrb`èb) ib vcjctbaoñf d

ids baaomcftcs fbturbics cf ci tcfmomd mc abiics y mchbrabaoñf mc tcrrcfds&

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mc ids abheods cf ib tbsb mc cmoòabaoñf cf ids idtcds 'h5$bòd/ cf ibs üitohbs : mïabmbs) bi hcfds cf

trcs mc ids idtcds quc aucftbf adf of`drhbaoñf gostñroab bmcaubmb pbrb cstc bfâiosos '@ojurb 1&5&/& Ci

idtcd mc Ruoib Ruofb cs ci mc abheod hâs jrbmubi cf ib tbsb mc cmoòabaoñf) pdr gbecr ofoaobmd cf `drhb

hâs prcadz ci prdacsd adfstruatovd& [dr ib hoshb rbzñf) cs ci quc hucstrb ci hbydr jrbmd mc daupbaoñf

mc ids idtcs adf bijufb adfstruaaoñf ']beib 1&3&/) so eocf bijufds idtcs aucftbf adf hâs mc ufb

cmoòabaoñf& Ids rcstbftcs idtcds tocfcf ufb rcibaoñf mc cmoòabaoñf pdr idtc eblb d huy eblb

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[csc b quc batovombmcs adhd ib soivoauiturb y ib bjroauiturb prdmuacf trbfs`drhbaodfcs sderc

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bscftbhocftds guhbfds 'Mdujibs) 2??=/&

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pibftbs drfbhcftbics&

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=/ Abheods cf ib cstruaturb mc ib vcjctbaoñf 'tbib scicatovb pbrb bòfbhocftd mc edsqucs acrab

mc ibs vovocfmbs pdr rocsjds mc ofacfmods mc oftcr`bsc/&

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mcprcmbf sderc `bufb fbtovb&

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mc ibs zdfbs urebfozbmbs&

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adhd bauhuibmdrcs mc adftbhofbftcs gdjbrcòds y mc ufb hbydr abftombm mc scmohcftds& Ib

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cftrc csds bheocftcs y arcbrèb ebrrcrbs b cspcaocs bhcfbzbmbs d mc eblb hdvoiombm& B su vcz ids

idtcds sc pucmcf adfvcrtor cf acftrds mc cxpbfsoñf mc cspcaocs mdhïstoabs bsoivcstrbmbs y mc cxaiusoñf

mc cspcaocs fbtovbs 'pdr mcprcmbaoñf d adhpctcfaob/&

[rdycaaoñf mci mcsbrrdiid cxtrb urebfd cf ids idtcds&

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pâjofb f¼ 257




hbydr pbrtc mc ids idtcds cvdiuaodfbrdf huy icftbhcftc cf aubftd b vcftb y adfstruaaoñf) quc cf

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pcrèdmd) fuhcrdsds gbeotbftcs mc ib idabiombm bmquorocrdf tcrrcfds) profaopbihcftc cf Hcioquofb d

ibjd Gcrhdsd) yb scb adhd ofvcrsoñf ofhdeoiobrob d adhd sotod pbrb ib ùturb adfstruaaoñf mc ufb

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mc adhprbmdrcs adf hbydr pdmcr bmquosotovd&

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pâjofb f¼ 25?






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j/ Ids fovcics pcrhosoeics mc ruomds y adheustoñf&

g/ Ci trbfspdrtc y trbtbhocftd mc rcsomuds pciojrdsds d tñxoads&

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sc rcbiozbf batubihcftc cf Qbf Hbrtèf mc ids Bfmcs) adf cxojcfaobs ohpdrtbftcs mc auombmd bheocftbi

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mc ibs \dfbs mc Ssd Cspcaobi mci pbrquc& Mci hoshd hdmd) ufb fdrhbtovb cspcaèòab cf ids bspcatds

adhcftbmds) mcsbicftbrèb ci `rbaaodfbhocftd mc huagbs jrbfmcs prdpocmbmcs mci pbrquc) quc

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trbfs`drhbrsc cf idtcds&

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luftd b ib desdicsacfaob c ohprcaosoñf mc ids rcjibhcftds vojcftcs cf ib hbtcrob y b ib adfsomcrbaoñf

cxprcsb quc sc gbac mci tchb cf ci [ibf mc Jcstoñf Ofstotuaodfbi mc ib Bmhofostrbaoñf mc [brqucs

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Gubpo y Ibfèf‘&

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pâjofb f¼ 212




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sur(ibjd Hcioquofb y rèd Hcioquofb([bsd Añrmdeb&

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ibs hcmombs vbf mcsmc 3;; h 'scatdrcs ibjd Gcrhdsd(Hbagñfoad fdrtc y ibjd Hbagñfoad sur(ibjd

Hcioquofb/ b 25;; h 'scatdr ibjd Iâabr/&

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b ids idtcds rcsomcfaobics& Bsohoshd mcecrâf jbrbftozbrsc ids hcabfoshds mc osabiozbaoñf pdr pbrtc mc

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Abtcjdrèbs mc abhofds&

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usd mc abmb ufd y ids ohpbatds bsdaobmds adf cstb bhcfbzb&

pâjofb f¼ 215




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prdebeoiombmcs mc scr btrdpciibmds 'Qpciicrecrj) 2??7/) tbi adhd daurrc adf abrbfagds) agohbfjds)

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tbi adhd daurrc adf bvcs pcqucòbs y scrpocftcs ']rdheuibn y @rosscii) 5;;;/&

Bijufbs mc ibs hdmoòabaodfcs cf ci bheocftc `èsoad sc rcibaodfbf adf abheods cf ci

morcaaodfbhocftd mci bjub sue(supcròaobi y mci csaurrohocftd mci bjub supcròaobi) quc pucmcf abusbr

adfacftrbaodfcs ofusubihcftc cicvbmbs mc csadrrcftèb sderc ibs ibmcrbs) quc jcfcrcf crdsoñf pdr

adrtcs mc abfbics y arcbaoñf mc abòbmdfcs y aârabvbs y ìulds mc mctrotds& Ids abhofds gbf somd

rcspdfsbeics mc ib hbydrèb mc ids mcsiozbhocftds mc ibmcrb y crdsoñf cf aârabvbs cf scatdrcs edsadsds

y csabrpbmds) sulctds b bprdvcagbhocftd `drcstbi 'vcr aotbs cf ]rdheuibn y @rosscii) 5;;;/&

pâjofb f¼ 21=




@ojurb 1&=& Hbpb mc ib rcm vobi profaopbi mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf y zdfb mc ofìucfaob) ofaiuycfmd rutbs pbvohcftbmbs)abhofds adfsdiombmds y abhofds scaufmbrods&

pâjofb f¼ 213




Ib bitcrbaoñf mci bheocftc quèhoad pucmc mbrsc pdr ci bpdrtc mc hctbics pcsbmds) sbics)

hdiïauibs drjâfoabs y futrocftcs& Ib abftombm mc hctbics pcsbmds sc vofauib adf ib oftcfsombm mci

trâòad y mcaiofb cxpdfcfaobihcftc b mostbfaobs arcaocftcs mci abhofd& Cstds hctbics sc bauhuibftbftd cf tclomds mc pibftbs adhd mc bfohbics) y bi hcfds cf pibftbs) tbheoïf moshofuyc cf bquciids

clchpibrcs hâs biclbmds mc ids abhofds& Adftbhofbftcs drjâfoads adhd modxofbs y eo`cfoids pdioaidrbmds

'[AE‟s/ tbheoïf sdf hâs `rcaucftcs b id ibrjd mc abhofds&

Ids abhofds pucmcf prdhdvcr ib cxpbfsoñf mc cspcaocs cxñtoabs pdr abheods cf ci gâeotbt

quc `bvdrcacf b ibs cspcaocs ofvbsdrbs) pdr rchdaoñf d cstrïs mc ib vcjctbaoñf fbtovb y pdr `baoiotbaoñf

mc su hdvohocftd pdr vcatdrcs guhbfds d soivcstrcs ']rdheuibn y @rosscii) 5;;;/& Cstumods rcbiozbmds

cf ci sur mc Agoic sujocrcf quc ibs cspcaocs cxñtoabs mc pibftbs sc cstâf oftrdmuaocfmd gbaob ibs ârcbs

prdtcjombs pdr hcmod mc ids abhofds quc batübf adhd adrrcmdrcs '[buagbrm y Bibeban) 5;;=/& Ci

moscòd mc abhofds cf uf sostchb mc ’pcofc‘ cf ci pbrquc Ibfèf) pdsoeichcftc jcfcrc ufb sotubaoñf

sohoibr& ]bheoïf sc descrvñ quc ib abftombm mc cspcaocs cxñtoabs crb hbydr cf bheocftcs hâs

hdmoòabmds tbics adhd pbstozbics y edsqucs scaufmbrods) id aubi crb cvomcftc tbheoïf bi adhpbrbr

abhofds mcftrd y ùcrb mc ibs ârcbs prdtcjombs&

Ids abhofds tbheoïf adfstotuycf ebrrcrbs pbrb ci mcspibzbhocftd mc hcsd y hoard`bufb)

cspcaobihcftc pbrb bquciibs mc eblb hdvoiombm d gâeotbt rcstrofjomd 'Clchpids< agofagoiiñf) bfòeods)

rcptoics c ofvcrtcerbmds/& Cf cstc scftomd abhofds hâs bfagds) pbvohcftbmds y adf hñmuids vcgoauibrcs

hâs cicvbmds pucmcf tcfcr uf èfmoac mc hdrtbiombm hâs ebld cf adhpbrbaoñf adf abhofds hâs bfjdstds)

adf hcfdr trâòad y adf edrmcs vcjctbmds) mceomd b quc ids prohcrds sdf huagd hcfds pcrhcbeics b

ids mcspibzbhocftds mc ib bufb 'Aicvcfjcr y dtrds) 5;;1/& Ids abhofds pdsoeoiotbf ci baacsd mc vosotbftcs

b ârcbs prcvobhcftc ofbaacsoeics) id aubi pucmc ofarchcftbr ci gdstojbhocftd pbsovd gbaob ids bfohbics

'[cmcvoiibfd y Zrojgt) 2?7:/) adf c`catds mcsadfdaomds sderc ci ïxotd rcprdmuatovd y ib supcrvovcfaob

mc ids hoshds&

Ibs pdeibaodfcs) ibs adhufombmcs y ids cadsostchbs pucmcf hdstrbr mchdrbs sustbfaobics cofcraob pbrb cxgoeor ids c`catds mci cstrïs prdmuaomd pdr ids abhofds& Cstb sotubaoñf gb somd mdauhcftbmb

cf Abfbmâ) mdfmc ids c`catds fcjbtovds mc ids abhofds sderc ib eodmovcrsombm cf guhcmbics tbrmbebf

vbrobs mïabmbs cf cxprcsbrsc '@ofmiby y Edurmbjcs) 5;;;/& Cstd ohpioab quc cvbiubaodfcs mc adrtd

pibzd mc ids c`catds mc ids abhofds sderc ib eodmovcrsombm huy prdebeichcftc suecstohcf ids c`catds

rcbics& Bmoaodfbihcftc) tbheoïf sc descrvñ quc ids c`catds mc ids abhofds gostñroads sderc ids guhcmbics

pdmèbf hbfo`cstbrsc b mostbfaobs mc 2(5 nh mcsmc ib ùcftc mc ohpbatds) id aubi pucmc tcfcr

adffdtbaodfcs aibvc cf aubftd b rcjuibaodfcs sderc ibs mostbfaobs hèfohbs quc mcecrèbf hbftcfcrsc

cftrc ids abhofds y ids guhcmbics& Cstb mchdrb cf ib rcspucstb tbheoïf pucmc sojfoòabr quc) buf cfbuscfaob mc adfstruaaoñf mc fucvds abhofds) ids c`catds fcjbtovds mc abhofds adfstruomds gbac

mïabmbs pucmcf adftofubr hbfo`cstâfmdsc) id aubi rcbizb ib ohpdrtbfaob mc moscòbr csquchbs mc

hdfotdrcd quc tcfjbf cf aucftb cstb rcspucstb mo`cromb '@ofmiby y Edurmbjcs) 5;;;/&

pâjofb f¼ 210




Cs ofmumbeic quc ids abhofds y scfmbs tbheoïf pdsoeoiotbf ci hdfotdrcd eodiñjoad y ci pbtruiiblc

pdr pbrtc mc ids bjcftcs mc adftrbidr) id aubi sdf `bactbs pdsotovbs pbrb ufb ufombm mc adfscrvbaoñf&

[dr ciid) cs fcacsbrod cfadftrbr sdiuaodfcs mc adhprdhosd b ids ohpbatds quc prdhucvcf su tcfmomdy utoiozbaoñf& Fd cxostcf cf ci pbrquc Ibfèf abhofds moscòbmds pbrb hofohozbr ids ohpbatds sderc ids

cadsostchbs quc btrbvocsbf) quc ofaiuybf pdr clchpid rcmuatdrcs mc vcidaombm) abrtcics mc bmvcrtcfaob

pdr aruacs mc `bufb) cstruaturbs cspcaobics adfstruombs pbrb ci pbsd mc `bufb) cta& Ciid hucstrb quc

ibs rcadhcfmbaodfcs sderc trbzbmd) adfstruaaoñf) usd y adfscrvbaoñf mc abhofds gbf cstbmd tdtbihcftc

buscftcs mc ibs pdiètoabs mc adfscrvbaoñf mci pbrquc Ibfèf& Ofaiusd cf bijufds absds rcibtovbhcftc

rcaocftcs) adhd ib rcadfstruaaoñf mc ib Uutb mc ids : Ibjds) cf ids quc ib Bmhofostrbaoñf mc [brqucs

Fbaodfbics pbrtoaopñ morcatbhcftc cf ci moscòd ioaotbtdrod rc`cromd b ibs aucstodfcs bheocftbics) cstds

bspcatds gbf somd sdsibybmds) hocftrbs quc dtrbs cxojcfaobs rcstburbmdrbs tbics adhd ci cstbeicaohocftd

mc vcjctbaoñf cf tbiumcs d ib rchdaoñf mc eidqucs mc pocmrbs gbf somd ofauhpiombs) d auhpiombs

pbraobihcftc sof hbydr c`catovombm&

Ucadhcfmbaodfcs y cstrbtcjobs pdsoeics&

Ib `bitb mc mbtds cspcaèòads pbrb ci pbrquc Ibfèf fd mcecrèb destbr pbrb tcfcr cf aucftb ufb

scroc mc rcadhcfmbaodfcs tcfmocftcs b hotojbr ids c`catds fcjbtovds mc ids abhofds& Cf prohcr iujbr)

cs tbrcb rcibtovbhcftc scfaoiib moscòbr uf hdfotdrcd cstbaodfbi cf`dabmd b ids hcscs mc hbydr trâòad)

adf ci delctd mc aubftoòabr ibs hdrtbiombmcs bsdaobmbs b ids abhofds) cf mostoftds bheocftcs mci pbrquc&

Ciid byumbrâ b cstohbr ibs tbsbs mc hdrtbiombm cf abhofds b fovci mc cspcaocs) cvbiubr sus pbtrdfcs

jcdjrâòad y cstbaodfbi) omcftoòabr ârcbs mc rocsjd y cvbiubr ib ofìucfaob mc bijufds `batdrcs

bheocftbics sderc moagb hdrtbiombm& Adf csb of`drhbaoñf) pdmrâf cstbeicacrsc cf ibs mostoftbs aucfabs

batubihcftc b`catbmbs pdr abhofds) rcjuibaodfcs pbrtoauibrcs mc usd y trbfsotbeoiombm) bsè adhd hcmombs

mc hotojbaoñf scjüf scb ci absd&

Cf aubftd b ùturds abhofds) gby hcmombs quc mcecrèbf tcfcrsc cf aucftb murbftc ib

pibfoòabaoñf& [bsbmozds sohpics pdr mcebld mc ids abhofds) ofstbibmds b oftcrvbids `rcaucftcs '23;(

1;; h> Aicvcfjcr y dtrds) 5;;2/) pucmcf prdvccr dpdrtufombmcs mc aruac pbrb bfohbics mc mostoftd

tbhbòd) cvotâfmdics aruzbr sderc ib trbzb) adf ids rocsjds bsdaobmds& Ci adstd mc cstds pbsds cf ci

prcsupucstd tdtbi mci abhofd d rutb prdycatbmd cs ebld) pcrd ids ecfcòaods cadiñjoads pucmcf scr

adfsomcrbeics 'Aicvcfjcr y dtrds) 5;;1/& Sfb eucfb adecrturb vcjctbi acrab mc cstds pbsbmozds buhcftb

ib `rcaucfaob mc usd pdr ids bfohbics&

Adf rcibaoñf bi rdi `baoiotbmdr mc ids abhofds pbrb ofvbsodfcs mc pibftbs cxñtoabs) cs aibvc

trbtbr mc hbfclbr fd sñid gbaob bmcftrd mci ârcb prdtcjomb) sofd tbheoïf cf ib hbtroz aoraufmbftc

vcaofb) mdfmc usds mc ib tocrrb hâs mcjrbmbftcs batübf adhd ùcftc mc mospcrsoñf mc prdpâjuids mc

pâjofb f¼ 21:




cxñtoabs gbaob ci oftcrodr mci pbrquc '[buagbrm y dtrds) 5;;1/& Ib prdpcfsoñf mc aocrtds bheocftcs b

scr ofvbmomds tbheoïf pucmc cxbacrebrsc hcracm bi abheod aiohâtoad&

Sfb cstrbtcjob mc abrâatcr jcfcrbi) pcrd fd pdr ciid hcfds fcacsbrob) adfsostc cf cibedrbr uf

hbrad fdrhbtovd pbrb ib adfstruaaoñf mc abhofds cf ârcbs prdtcjombs) quc ofaiuyb vbrobeics

adfstruatovbs 'bfagd mc ib trbzb) pcfmocftcs) mcshdftcs pcrhosoeics) cta&/) bsè adhd ibs rcstroaaodfcs

quc pcrhotbf hofohozbr ids mbòds ùcrb mci abhofd y sus derbs mc mrcfblc ofhcmobtbs&

[dr üitohd) b fovci mc aucfabs) y cf ebsc b cvbiubaodfcs hâs cspcaèòabs quc ofaiuyb aucstodfcs

pbrtoauibrcs mc ib eodmovcrsombm) bsè adhd ib cstbaodfbiombm cf ci usd mc ids abhofds) ci pbrquc Ibfèf

mcecrèb mcòfor tbftd pbrb abhofds scaufmbrods adhd pbrbs ibs scfmbs) ibs ïpdabs pcrhotombs mcaorauibaoñf y sus adrrcspdfmocftcs aocrrcs tchpdrbrods) bsè adhd ids pibfcs mc rcstburbaoñf fcacsbrods)

adf pdstcrodrombm b ib cstbaoñf mc iiuvobs) pbrb cvotbr ib bjumozbaoñf mc ids prdacsds crdsovds&

Jbfbmcrèb cf ci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf&

Abrbatcrèstoabs jcfcrbics&

Ib batovombm jbfbmcrb sc cfaucftrb ùfmbhcftbihcftc mcsbrrdiibmb pdr cstbfaobs provbmbs)

adhufombmcs hbpuagc y pdeibmdrcs arodiids prc(cxostcftcs bi pbrquc hcmobftc ids [crhosds [rcabrods

mc Daupbaoñf y [bstblc '[[D[/& Cf ci hbrad mc cstc prdycatd sc trbtñ mc mciohotbr abrtdjrâòabhcftc

ibs ârcbs mc pbstdrcd bprdxohbmbs cf ci pbrquc Ibfèf& Bufquc fd sc gbf cibedrbmd scpbrbmbhcftc)

cs pdsoeic mosarohofbr cf `drhb bprdxohbmb pbrb abmb aucfab ids sotods mc pbstdrcd adftofud mc ids

sotods cstbaodfbics 'vcrbfbmbs/& Cstb scpbrbaoñf tocfc ohpdrtbfaob cf ci topd y jrbmd mc ohpbatds)

mbmd quc ci jbfbmd quc sc mcspibzb b zdfbs bitbs cs jcfcrbihcftc ci vbaufd y ci ycjubrozd) quc

bprdvcagb pbstozbics bitdbfmofds) hbiiofcs mc biturb y edsquc mc icfjb& Ids ohpbatds cf ibs vcrbfbmbs

sucicf iohotbrsc b uf pcrèdmd mc b id suhd 3 hcscs) adf id aubi cstds sostchbs tocfcf uf pcrèdmd

rcibtovbhcftc ibrjd mc rcaupcrbaoñf) so eocf mcec tcfcrsc cf aucftb quc sdf abecacrbs mc aucfab) mc

hbydr `rbjoiombm

Mceomd b moòauitbmcs cf ib detcfaoñf mc ib of`drhbaoñf) ibs cstohbaodfcs y acfsds jbfbmcrds

vdiabmds cf cstc prdycatd sdf sdid pbraobics) y pdr id tbftd fd pcrhotcf adfdacr ib abrjb jbfbmcrb

rcbi mc ibs ârcbs ebld pbstdrcd cf ci pbrquc) fo ib prdpdraoñf mc jbfbmd mc abmb topd y abtcjdrèb&

Cf`dabfmd cftdfacs gbaob ibs ârcbs ebld usd jbfbmcrd) y b csabib mci pbrquc Ibfèf) pucmc

descrvbrsc id sojuocftc<

pâjofb f¼ 217




v Ib jbfbmcrèb sc mcsbrrdiib hbydrhcftc cf ci cstc mci pbrquc) cf adofaomcfaob adf ib mostroeuaoñf

mc adhufombmcs rurbics y cstbfaobs&

v Ibs zdfbs quc sc mcstbabf pdr ci usd jbfbmcrd sc ueoabf cf ids vbiics mc '@ojurb 1&3&/< 2/ârcb Uuabagdrdo 'aucfab mci Abiòquotrb) sur mci ibjd Uuabagdrdo y aucfab mci brrdyd Uuabad/> 5/

Hbibiad(Ruoiiïf> 1/ vbiic mc Hbjmbicfb(Hbiicd> =/ ârcb Gucaguib`qucf 'cstbfaob Ids Gcicagds y

adhufombmcs hbpuagc cf pcroibjd y vcrbfbmbs adhd ib mc [oago Aurruguï y dtrbs/> 3/ hbrjcf sur

mci ibjd Ididj y vbiic mci brrdyd Buquofad> 0/ hârjcfcs fdrtc y sur mci ibjd Iâabr) aucfabs mc ids

brrdyds Jrbfmc y [oi [oi 'abhpds mci Clïraotd y Jcfmbrhcrèb Fbaodfbi y adhufombmcs hbpuagc

Abyüf y Aurruguofab/&

v Ibs ârcbs mc usd jbfbmcrd ueoabmbs cf ib zdfb drocftbi mci pbrquc sc adftofübf adf ârcbs mc

usd jbfbmcrd cf lurosmoaaoñf prdvofaobi) tbftd cf prdpocmbmcs provbmbs) prdpocmbmcs adhufotbrobs'hbpuagc/) adhd cf tocrrbs òsabics&

v Qbivd cf ibs cstbfaobs y bijufds dtrds absds puftubics) ib batovombm sc mcsbrrdiib sof bibherbmds

y mc hbfcrb cxtcfsovb& Hbydrhcftc sc utoiozb ci sostchb mc bitcrfbfaob cftrc zdfbs mc vcrbfbmb c

ofvcrfbmb) daupbfmd ibs adstbs mc ibjds y vbiics eblds cf ïpdab ofvcrfbi y ids `bimcds) hbiiofcs y

pbstozbics mc biturb murbftc ci pcrèdmd hâs aâiomd 'usubihcftc datuerc(beroi/& Fd destbftc) cf

aocrtds scatdrcs ib gbaocfmb cs hbftcfomb tdmd ci bòd cf ibs adtbs hâs eblbs&

v Ci ârcb tdtbi ebld usd jbfbmcrd) pcrhbfcftc d cstbaodfbi) tbftd butdrozbmd adhd fd butdrozbmd)

bsaocfmc b 3:023 gcatârcbs ']beib 1&:&/) id quc cquovbic b uf 23)2# mc ib supcròaoc tcrrcstrc mcipbrquc Ibfèf&

v Ids sotods mc jbfbmcrèb bi sur mci ibjd Òdrquofad) dcstc mci ibjd Uuabagdrdo 'vbiic mci Abiòquotrb/)

vbiic mci Hbibiad) vbiic mc Hbjmbicfb) acftrd y dcstc mci ibjd Gucaguib`qucf y ci vbiic mci Buquofad)

sc cfaucftrbf mcftrd mc ârcbs abtcjdrozbmbs adhd [brquc Fbaodfbi cf scftomd cstroatd) ibs aubics

cf tcdrèb fd mcecrèbf pcrhotor cstc topd mc usd& Adf cxacpaoñf mci üitohd absd) tdmbs ibs mchâs

sotubaodfcs sdf adfdaombs y bacptbmbs trbfsotdrobhcftc pdr ib B[F) gbeoïfmdsc ohpuisbmd uf

abheod cf ci cstbtus icjbi) buf sof mcòfoaoñf& Cf ci absd mc Abiòquotrb y Hbibiad) ci pbstdrcd cs

rcibtovbhcftc rcaocftc '1; bòds d hcfds/) cf tbftd quc cf ibs rcstbftcs zdfbs ci pbstdrcd csbftcrodr b ib arcbaoñf mci pbrquc&

Ib supcròaoc mci pbrquc batubihcftc mcstofbmb b usd jbfbmcrd ùc aibsoòabmb scjüf aofad

sotubaodfcs mo`crcftcs ']beib 1&:&/& Ssd jbfbmcrd adrrcspdfmc b ibs gcatârcbs usbmbs pdr ci jbfbmd

cf drhb butdrozbmb pdr ci pbrquc& Ssd jbfbmcrd fd butdrozbmd rcprcscftb prcaosbhcftc b ids scatdrcs

mdfmc gby prcscfaob mc jbfbmd pcrd sof butdrozbaoñf pbrb csc topd mc batovombm& Jbfbmd bsoivcstrbmd

sdf zdfbs cf mdfmc gby jbfbmd pcrd quc yb fd sc cfaucftrb ebld adftrdi guhbfd& Jbfbmd agoicfd

adrrcspdfmc b scatdrcs usbmds pdr jbfbmd mci vcaofd pbès quc aruzb y daupb oicjbihcftc aocrtbszdfbs mci pbrquc& @ofbihcftc) cquofds fd butdrozbmds) pbrtoauibrozb pbrb csc topd mc jbfbmd ufb

sotubaoñf sohoibr b ib pibftcbmb pbrb ci jbfbmd cf jcfcrbi) ùcrb mc ib zdfb butdrozbmb&

pâjofb f¼ 21?




@ojurb 1&3& Hbpb mc usds jbfbmcrds mosarohofbmds cf mostoftbs abtcjdrèbs butdrozbmbs y fd butdrozbmbs cf ci [brquc FbaodfbiIbfèf& Qc ofmoabf ibs scpbrbaodfcs cftrc aucfabs&

pâjofb f¼ 2=;



Mobjfñstoad mc e odm ovc rs ombm mc i [brquc Fbaodfb i Ibfèf

Abso mds tcraods mc ib batovombm jbfbmcrb sc adfacftrbf cf scatdrcs mc usd butdrozbmd) hocftrbs

quc uf 5:# mc ib supcr oaoc daupb scatdrcs fd butdrozbmds& Ci 7# rcstbftc mc ib supcr oaoc daupbmb

pdr jbfbmd mc mostoftd topd tbheoïf sc rcibaodfb adf sotubaodfcs oicjbics ']beib 1&:&/&Adf rcspcatd bi usd jbfbmcrd c`catubmd pdr pdeibmdrcs arodiids hcmobftc ids [[D[) ib supcr oaoc

bsaocfmc b ufbs 0::3 gcatârcbs) id quc rcprcscftb ci 2)7# mc ib supcr oaoc tcrrcstrc mci pbrquc ']beib

1&7&/& Cf prdhcmod) abmb [[D[ utoiozb ufb supcr oaoc mc 352 gcatârcbs 'CQ 8 2:5/&

]beib 1&:& Qupcr oaocs 'gcatârcbs/ mc scatdrcs mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf) scjüf mo crcftcs sotubaodfcs mc usdjbfbmcrd) y ci pdracftblc quc abmb ufb rcprcscftb pbrb ci tdtbi mc gcatârcbs adf csb batovombm cf ci pbrquc&

]beib 1&7& Qcatdr cf ci aubi sc ueoabf ids pcrhosodfbrods mc ids [&[&D&[&) supcr oaoc 'gcatârcbs/ bprdxohbmb utoiozbmbpbrb ib batovombm jbfbmcrb y abftombm mc gbaocfmb mc mostoftd topd) scjüf ci üitohd acfsd mospdfoeic& D< dvofds> P<vbaufds> C< cquofds> QM< sof mbtds& b [crhosd sof suacsdrcs) batubihcftc ebld bfâiosos&

pâjofb f¼ 2=2

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Ohpbatds mc ib batovombm jbfbmcrb&

Cf ib csabib oftcrhcmob adfsomcrbmb ']beib 1&2&/) ib batovombm jbfbmcrb pdtcfaob abheods cf ib

adecrturb vcjctbi mcscfabmcfbmds pdr dtrds prdacsds 'ofacfmods) mcshdftc/ y hdmo oab ci pbosblc&

Idabihcftc 'hbydr csabib/) ci usd jbfbmcrd tocfc adfscaucfaobs cf ib adhpdsoaoñf y cstruaturb mc

ibs adhufombmcs pbstdrcbmbs) ib rchdaoñf mc eodhbsb) ib mcstruaaoñf mci hbftoiid y ci

mcscfabmcfbhocftd d rc`drzbhocftd mc prdacsds crdsovds& Cf vortum mc ib adfacftrbaoñf cspbaobi mc

ib batovombm jbfbmcrb ùfmbhcftbihcftc gbaob ci cstc) cs cvomcftc quc ids hbydrcs ohpbatds sc

prdmuacf cf csc scatdr mci pbrquc) adofaomcftc adf ibs zdfbs adhpbrbtovbhcftc hcfds iiuvodsbs&

Cf ci pbrquc Fbguci Gubpo sc gbf mcsbrrdiibmd vbrods trbeblds quc bfbiozbf ci ohpbatd mci

jbfbmd y dtrds gcreèvdrds sderc ib vcjctbaoñf) ids aubics prdebeichcftc scbf huy sohoibrcs b ids

cxostcftcs cf ci pbrquc Ibfèf 'Pceicf y dtrds) 2??2> Ucivb y Pceicf) 2??7> Pâzqucz) 5;;5> Pâzqucz y

Qohecrid` ) 5;;=/& Cf sotods adf eblb prcscfaob jbfbmcrb) cxostc prc`crcfaob pdr ci hbotïf 'Hbytcfus

edbrob/ mcftrd mc ibs breñrcbs y mc ib abòb adioguc 'Agusqucb auicdu/ cftrc ibs breustovbs& Ib prdpdraoñf

mc pibftbs cxñtoabs buhcftb hbrabmbhcftc cf sotods adf bitb prcscfaob jbfbmcrb) sof descrvbrsc

buhcftds cf zdfbs adf csabsb y hdmcrbmb prcscfaob mc jbfbmd& Cf edsqucs mdhofbmds pdr adoguc)

bmchâs mc rcmuaor ib beufmbfaob mc ibs cspcaocs hâs pbibtbeics) ci jbfbmd moshofuyc ci arcaohocftd

mc ibs pibftbs quc sdercvovcf) idjrbfmd rcmuaaodfcs mc biturb cftrc 1 y 3 vcacs cf clchpibrcs mc

adoguc y hbotïf) adhpbrbmd adf sotods mc pdad jbfbmd&

Cf edsqucs mc aoprïs) ib adheofbaoñf mc gcreovdrèb pdr jbfbmd y aocrvd adidrbmd) luftd bi

ùcjd) pucmc ofgoeor ib rcjcfcrbaoñf mc cstc edsquc 'suacsoñf scaufmbrob/& Cstd sujocrc quc ib

mostroeuaoñf y beufmbfaob mci aoprïs sderc ib `rbflb cadtdfbi mci cstc pucmcf gbecrsc vostd

ùcrtchcftc rcmuaomds pdr ofgoeoaoñf mc ib rcjcfcrbaoñf pdst(ofacfmods pdr baaoñf mc gcreèvdrds

oftrdmuaomds 'Pceicf y dtrds) 2??5/&

Cf aubftd b ids c`catds sderc ibs pibftbs mci sdtdedsquc) ci hbquo ' Brostdtciob agoicfsos/

prâatoabhcftc mcsbpbrcac mc ids edsqucs mc adoguc sulctds b pbstdrcd 'Pceicf y dtrds) 2?7?) 2??5>

Pâzqucz y Qohecrid` ) 5;;5/& Cstb moshofuaoñf tbheoïf b`catb bi quoftrbi ']rostcrox adryhedsus/) ufb

pibftb pbrâsotb auyd profaopbi guïspcm cs ci hbquo) quc cf `drhb ofmorcatb moshofuyc cf beufmbfaob

cf zdfbs pbstdrcbmbs 'Pâzqucz y Qohecrid` ) 5;;5/& [dr dtrb pbrtc) cf hbtdrrbics mdhofbmds pdr òorc)

ci jbfbmd prdmuac ufb rcmuaaoñf sojfo oabtovb mc ib adecrturb mc abòb adioguc y dtrbs cspcaocs adhd

Poaob fojroabfs) Uoecs hbjciibfoauh) [crfcttyb pdcppojoo yIyadpdmouh sp& Csb rcmuaaoñf cf ib adecrturb

mc ib abòb gbac quc vbrobs cspcaocs breustovbs y gcreâacbs 'ofaiuycfmd b vbrobs cxñtoabs/ scbf hâs

beufmbftcs cf ids sotods adf hbydr ohpbatd& Cf ci absd mci bhbfaby ' Bistrdchcrob burcb/) ufb gocreb

pdiofozbmb pdr ofscatds) Pâzqucz y Qohecrid` '5;;=/ mctcatbrdf quc ci posdtcd pdr jbfbmd rcmuac su

beufmbfaob) id aubi hdmoòab su oftcrbaaoñf adf ids pdiofozbmdrcs) rcmuaocfmd b su vcz ci ïxotd

pâjofb f¼ 2=5




rcprdmuatovd& Cf bijufds absds ib gcreovdrèb pdr cxñtoabs pucmc buhcftbr ib beufmbfaob mc cspcaocs

breustovbs cspofdsbs 'Ecrecros euxo`diob y E& mbrwofoo/) bufquc cstb sotubaoñf fd cs ufovcrsbi y pdmrèb

mcpcfmcr mc dtrds ohpbatds prcvods sderc ci sostchb 'batovombm `drcstbi) ofacfmods) cta&/&

Ib adfscaucfaob mci usd jbfbmcrd cf ârcbs prdùfmbhcftc bitcrbmbs pucmc abrbatcrozbrsc

adhd uf cstbmd mc mcjrbmbaoñf icftb) adf eblds fovcics mc adecrturb mc rcfdvbics breñrcds) ib

prdio crbaoñf mc jrbhèfcbs bfubics) pibftbs ofvbsdrbs cstdidfè crbs d rozdhbtdsbs y breustozbaoñf

arcaocftc& Cf sotods mc prcsoñf jbfbmcrb gostñroab cxtrchb) ib prcscfaob mc cspcaocs cf pcmcstbi) ib

mcsbpbroaoñf mc jrbhèfcbs pbibtbeics y ib prdio crbaoñf mc suebreustds adhd ci berdld ' Babcfb spp&/

d ci hdsboquoiid 'Ebaagbros spp&/ d breustbics mc hbtb jubfbad ' Bfbrtrdpgyiiuh rojomuh/) adfstotuycf

sojfds cvomcftcs mc ùcrtc mcjrbmbaoñf& Fd destbftc) ibs abrbatcrèstoabs mci pbstdrcd cxtcfsovd quc sc

prbatoab cf ci pbrquc) luftd b ufb hbrabmb scicatovombm cf ci adfsuhd mc aocrtbs cspcaocs) prdhucvcf

ci arcaohocftd mc cspcaocs breustovbs 'fbtovbs d cxñtoabs/ mc eblb pbibtbeoiombm d adf mc`cfsbs bfto(

gcreèvdrd) quc pucmcf batubr adhd rcùjod pbrb ib rcfdvbaoñf breñrcb 'Ub``bcic y Pceicf) 2??7)

5;;2/& ]dmds cstds bspcatds sdf pcracptoeics sohuitâfcbhcftc cf ids sotods mci pbrquc quc hbftocfcf

pbstdrcd mcsmc gbac huagd tochpd&

Cf aubftd b ids c`catds sderc vcrtcerbmds) cxostcf vbrods hcabfoshds pdr ids aubics ci jbfbmd

pucmc dpcrbr& Sfd mc ciids cs ib adhpctcfaob pdr rcaursds) bijd `batoeic cf ci absd mci guchui) so eocf

sc abrcac mc cvomcfaob adfaiuycftc bi rcspcatd '[dvoiotos) 2??7/& Dtrd hcabfoshd pdr ci aubi ci jbfbmdpucmc ohpbatbr b ib `bufb fbtovb cs b trbvïs mci ofarchcftd mc eodhbsb mospdfoeic 'mcftrd mc uf

cfsbheic hâs bhpiod mc gcreèvdrds cxñtoads quc ofaiuyc b cspcaocs soivcstrcs/ pbrb prcmbmdrcs fbtovds

adhd ci puhb y ci zdrrd adidrbmd) scjüf sc trbtc mc jbfbmd hbydr d hcfdr& Csc ’suesomod mc prcsbs‘

pucmc prdmuaor uf buhcftd cf ibs pdeibaodfcs mc abrfèvdrds) quc cf hdhcftds mc eblb mcfsombm mc

prcsbs cxñtoabs) sc trbmuzab cf uf buhcftd mc ib prcsoñf mc prcmbaoñf sderc ibs prcsbs fbtovbs

'Fdvbrd y dtrds) 5;;;/& Ci jbfbmd tbheoïf pucmc adfstotuor ufb ucftc mc trbfshosoñf mc cf`crhcmbmcs

gbaob ib bufb soivcstrc) adf mofâhoabs cpomchodiñjoabs y c`catds mchdjrâ oads mcsadfdaomds& Cf drhb

ofmorcatb) ib prcscfaob mc pcrrds quc sucicf cstbr ofmosdiueichcftc iojbmds b ib batovombm jbfbmcrb)tbheoïf pucmc tcfcr uf ùcrtc ohpbatd) tbftd pdr prcmbaoñf sderc `bufb fbtovb) adhd pdr trbfshosoñf

mc cf`crhcmbmcs 'hdquoiid) pbrvdvorus) cta&/ gbaob abrfèvdrds soivcstrcs butñatdfds&

Sf üitohd jrupd mc ohpbatds ofmorcatds mc ib jbfbmcrèb sucicf scr pdad d fbmb mosautomds cf ib

eoeiodjrb èb) pcrd hcrcacf scr tcfomds cf aucftb '@rcoioag y dtrds) 5;;1/<

2& Ib jbfbmcrèb cs ufb batovombm cadfñhoab y adhd tbi cxpdfc b ids prdmuatdrcs b hbxohozbr sus

ecfc oaods y rcmuaor sus adstds& Mcftrd mc ids adstds d pïrmombs cstâf ibs hucrtcs btroeuoeics b

ids prcmbmdrcs fbtovds) id aubi jcfcrb cf ids jbfbmcrds 'scb mc ib csabib quc scbf/) ib tcfmcfaob

b adftrdibr ibs pdeibaodfcs mc abrfèvdrds) hâs biiâ mc ib prdtcaaoñf tdtbi mc ib quc supucstbhcftc

jdzbf cf ci pbrquc& Sfb sotubaoñf quc pcrhotc clchpio oabr cstc `batdr) so eocf fd adf jbfbmd

pâjofb f¼ 2=1




pcrd adf bvcs mc adrrbi) sc vofauib b ib abzb mc clchpibrcs mc jbtd guoòb 'cspcaoc prdpucstb

adhd vcrtcerbmd mc vbidr cspcaobi/ quc ofjrcsbf b ids jbiiofcrds 'H& Hdftcvcrmc) adh& pcrs&/&

Cstb sotubaoñf sc vc bjumozbmb cf ibs prdpocmbmcs provbmbs pdr ib mo oauitbm mc osabiozbr cstctopd mc prâatoabs fd pcrhotombs&

5& Ci usd mc bibherbmds cf prdpocmbmcs provbmbs pbrb ci hbfcld jbfbmcrd cf mo crcftcs aubmrds

d pdtrcrds pucmc arcbr ebrrcrbs pbraobics b ids mcspibzbhocftds mc ib bufb mc tbhbòd hcmobfd

y jrbfmc) d jcfcrbr ib hucrtc mc bfohbics pdr cfjbfagcs&

1& Ids abheods cf ci rïjohcf fbturbi mc ofacfmods sucicf mbrsc pdr ufb oftcfsb pdiètoab mc

suprcsoñf mc ùcjds& B su vcz csd sucic cxbacrebrsc pdr ib oftrdmuaaoñf mc pibftbs cxñtoabs&

[dr clchpid) cf ibs zdfbs hâs ârombs) pibftbs bfubics adhd ci Erdhus tcatdruh pucmcf hdmo oabr

ib cxpbfsoñf mci ùcjd cftrc breustds) rcsuitbfmd b hcfumd cf ùcjds hâs oftcfsds y mchbydr cxtcfsoñf quc id quc scrèb cspcrbeic ebld adfmoaodfcs fbturbics '_dufj y Biicf) 2??:/&

=& Ids ohpbatds sderc ci rïjohcf gomrdiñjoad sucicf mbrsc pdr bitcrbaoñf mc hbiiofcs) mcsvèd mc

aursds mc bjub y ci pbstdrcd cf zdfbs roecrcòbs) id aubi b su vcz pucmc ofarchcftbr

hbrabmbhcftc ib crdsoñf y ib abrjb scmohcftbrob cf ids aursds mc bjub&

]cfmcfaob mc ids usds jbfbmcrds&

Cf 2?73 sc rcabeñ fuhcrdsb of`drhbaoñf rc`cromb bi pbrquc Ibfèf) quc pdstcrodrhcftc ùcutoiozbmb pbrb ib rcmbaaoñf mci [ibf [rciohofbr mc Hbfcld mci [brquc 'B[F) 2??:/& Cftrc ib of`drhbaoñf

rcadpoibmb sc ofaiuèb ib mci usd jbfbmcrd) vdiabmb b uf hbpb mc csabib 2<53;&;;; 'Eurnbrt y dtrds)

2?73/& Cf ci hbrad mc cstc prdycatd ci aotbmd hbpb uc mojotbiozbmd cf BraPocw®y sc cstohñ ib supcr oaoc

jidebi mc usd jbfbmcrd& Ib supcr oaoc daupbmb bsacfmoñ b ufbs 2;2157 gcatârcbs) quc rcprcscftb uf

50)0# mc ib supcr oaoc mci pbrquc& Csd sojfo oab quc cf ci pibzd mc ufds 5; bòds) ib supcr oaoc mcstofbmb

bi usd jbfbmcrd sc rcmuld cf ufbs =1:21 gcatârcbs '22)2#/) b ufb tbsb prdhcmod mc ufbs 5270

gcatârcbs pdr bòd&

Bmchâs mc cstb ohpdrtbftc rcmuaaoñf) tbheoïf gued mo crcfaobs cf ib mostroeuaoñf mc ibs ârcbs

ebld usd cf ibs mostoftbs aucfabs mci pbrquc& Abso 0;;;; gcatârcbs mc ibs quc cstbebf daupbmbs pdr

jbfbmd cf 2?73 gdy fd id cstâf) hocftrbs quc batubihcftc gberèb abso 20;;; gcatârcbs quc fd

cstbebf usbmbs cf 2?73) pcrd quc gdy gbf somd ofadrpdrbmbs b cstb batovombm& Cftrc ibs aucfabs quc

gbf ofadrpdrbmd 2;;; d hâs gcatârcbs b ib jbfbmcrèb batubi cstâf Fbguci Hbpo '1301 gbs&/) Agohcguèf

'55;? gbs&/) Ruoiiïf '525; gbs&/) Gub Guh '2:2? gbs&/) Aurruguï '20=7 gbs&/) Ruoiquoguc '2310 gbs&/)

[uihbrè '2=21 gbs&/ y Uuabagdrdo '22=7 gbs&/& Mceomd b quc gued ufb rcmuaaoñf jcfcrbi cf ib supcr oaoc

mcstofbmb b jbfbmcrèb cf ci pbrquc) abso tdmbs ibs aucfabs cxacptd trcs '[uihbrè) Fbguci Hbpo yAurruguï/) moshofuycrdf tbheoïf ib supcr oaoc usbmb pdr ci jbfbmd ']beib 1&?&/&

pâjofb f¼ 2==




]beib 1&?& Qupcr oaocs 'gcatârcbs/ mcstofbmbs bi usd jbfbmcrd cf abmb ufb mc ibs aucfabs mci [brquc FbaodfbiIbfèf cf 2?73 y 5;;3 y ib mo crcfaob cftrc bheds& Ibs acimbs cf fcjrd ofmoabf uf buhcftd mc ib supcr oaoc) cf jrosuf mcarchcftd y cf eibfad sof abheods&

Id cxpucstd gbstb bquè pcrhotc pcfsbr quc mcftrd mci gdrozdftc mc bfâiosos b 53 bòds) ibmospcrsoñf jcdjrâ oab mc ib jbfbmcrèb fd sc hdmo oabrâ cf `drhb bprcaobeic& Ibs rcadfvcrsodfcs

prdmuatovbs mc ids üitohds =; bòds) `drcstbi cf ci sur y turèstoab cf fuhcrdsds ibjds) hâs eocf gbf

rcmuaomd ibs ârcbs mc pbstdrcd rcspcatd mc ibs drojofbics& Ibs ârcbs jbfbmcrbs batubics cstâf

rcibaodfbmbs adf ids bscftbhocftds guhbfds y ibs cstbfaobs& Ci buhcftd mc ib daupbaoñf mc ids

idtcds bi sur mci pbrquc) c ofaiusd mcftrd mc bijufbs adhufombmcs ofmèjcfbs) scjurbhcftc rcmuaorâ

buf hâs ib prcscfaob jbfbmcrb& Cf ibs üitohbs mïabmbs) cstbfaobs adhd Rucaguquofb) Ib D`ciob y

Ibjd Gcrhdsd gbf rcmuaomd mrâstoabhcftc su pcrsdfbi mc abhpd) ci aubi hbftcfèb jbfbmd mdhïstoad

pbrb butdadfsuhd d trbebld& [dr ciid) pdmrèbf cspcrbrsc hdmoòabaodfcs b fovci mc aucfabs dsueaucfabs) adf ofarchcftds mc abrjb cf sotubaodfcs pbrtoauibrcs mc jbfbmcrds adf ofscraoñf cf ci

hcrabmd) d pdr prcsodfcs sdaod(cadfñhoabs cf adhufombmcs hbpuagc 'vcr Jbfbmd hcfdr/ y

rcmuaaodfcs mci jbfbmd cf ârcbs mc idtcds rcsomcfaobics&

Jbfbmd hbydr&

Ib arèb mc vbaufds rcspdfmc b sostchbs mc hbfcld mo crcfaobmds scjüf ci mcstofd mc ib

prdmuaaoñf 'butdadfsuhd d hcrabmd/ y ibs tcafdidjèbs chpicbmbs& Qo eocf ib prdmuaaoñf adf mcstofd

b hcrabmd fd cs provbtovb mc ibs cstbfaobs) cs ci profaopbi delctovd mc csbs chprcsbs& Cf tbi scftomd)

ids prcaods y ci hbrjcf cadfñhoad sdf ùcrtcs mctcrhofbftcs mc ibs mcaosodfcs mc ofarchcftd 'd

rcmuaaoñf/ mci rdmcd) bufquc fd mci bebfmdfd d sustotuaoñf mc ib batovombm) auyb cxostcfaob cstâ

iojbmb b `batdrcs cstruaturbics y sdaodcadfñhoads mc ibs cxpidtbaodfcs&

pâjofb f¼ 2=3

Mo`crcfaob

(:05

2:=51;3

;

(15;1

077?

1175

(2=50

512;

2=;15

:1:5

2?27

2;:20

5;;3

523:

=2=;72:;

;

=20=

25??

2113?

2:10

=321

257??

17=5

250

252=

2?73

21?3

=12=2;=:3

;

?02

7277

20:=2

12;

0751

50?12

2252=

5;==

22?1;

Aucfabs

[uihbrè

UuabagdrdoRuoiiïf

[oago Icuù

Fbguci Hbpo

Hbiicd

Agohcguèf

Aurruguï

Ruoquoguc

Gub Guh

Gcrhdsd

Hcioquofb

@oid Gub Guh




Ci adftcxtd batubi jcfcrbi rcsuitb `bvdrbeic pbrb ib prdmuaaoñf vbaufb) cf tïrhofds mc prcaod

mc ib abrfc) mchbfmb y pdiètoabs mc cstèhuid mci Cstbmd prdvofaobi 'vcr pâjofb 212 mc cstb scaaoñf/&

[rdmuaor abrfc cs uf fcjdaod rcibtovbhcftc rcftbeic cf abhpds mc adrmoiicrb) sustcftbmd cf uf ebld dhèfohd supichcftd `drrblcrd) eucfb sbfombm) bitds èfmoacs rcprdmuatovds ofmovomubics y eblds adstds

mc cstruaturb& Hocftrbs ids prcaods mc ib abrfc sc hbftcfjbf) abec cspcrbr ufb batovombm sdstcfomb c

ofarchcftbi cf bquciids abhpds mdfmc sc bprdvcagcf ids suesomods prdvofaobics quc cstohuibf ib

utoiozbaoñf mc jrbfds) rcadhpcfsbfmd bi prdmuatdr adf sdercprcaods pbrb ci jbfbmd vcfmomd idabihcftc&

Mcftrd mci pbrquc Ibfèf) pbrtoauibrhcftc ibs prdpocmbmcs mc ids ibjds Ruoiiïf 'Ib D`ciob) Qbf L ubf/ y

Gucaguib`qucf 'Ids Gcicagds/) pdmrèbf rcspdfmcr b cstds `batdrcs) bi ojubi quc prâatoabhcftc tdmbs

ibs cstbfaobs adftojubs bi pbrquc&

Ids pcqucòds prdmuatdrcs y pdeibmdrcs adf jbfbmd pucmcf badhpbòbr pbraobihcftc b cstds

cstèhuids mc prcaods d suesomod jbfbmcrd) ofarchcftbfmd ci stdan) bi vofauibr su prdmuaaoñf adf

pcqucòbs mchbfmbs idabics) b trbvïs mc aorauotds mc `bcfb y adhcraobiozbaoñf of`drhbics) hcmobftc ib

utoiozbaoñf mc arïmotd fd ebfabrod d ofvcrsoñf mc pcrsdfbs cxtcrfbs bi pbrquc& Qof chebrjd) ci ofarchcftd

mc cxostcfaobs d mc abrjb jbfbmcrb cstbrèb hâs iohotbmd pdr ib of rbcstruaturb y rcaursds guhbfds

mospdfoeics cf cstbs ufombmcs mc prdmuaaoñf) bsè adhd pdr iohotbaodfcs mc supcr oaoc mc `drrblcd& [dr

dtrd ibmd) ib arcaocftc rcadfvcrsoñf gbaob ci turoshd cf cstbfaobs y pdeibaodfcs mci pbrquc) pdmrèbf

prdhdvcr uf ofarchcftd jrbmubi mc ib abftombm mc jbfbmd ycjubrozd) mcstofbmd b scrvoaods mc

cxaursodfcs y abebijbtbs&

Jbfbmd hcfdr&

Ib arèb mc dvclbs y aberbs sc cfaucftrb hâs iojbmb bi butdadfsuhd mc abrfc) ibfb y pocics)

adf vcftb mc cxacmcftcs y tbheoïf mc adrmcrds) gbaob of mc bòd& Cstb batovombm pdmrèb cfadftrbr uf

hbydr cspbaod mc arcaohocftd cf ùfaoñf mc ufb arcaocftc mchbfmb mc abrfc mc cstds topds pbrb ibs

ocstbs mc of mc bòd y ci turoshd cstovbi) drocftbmd gbaob cstbs eüsqucmbs& Ibs adhufombmcs hbpuagc

y$d pdeibmdrcs arodiids cf sotods turèstoads) adhd ibs ârcbs Iâabr y Gucaguib qucf) pdmrèbf ecfc oaobrsc

morcatbhcftc adf cstbs mchbfmbs) cf tbftd quc ibs adhufombmcs bi fdrtc mci pbrquc 'mcftrd y ùcrb/)

adf hcfds rcaursds y cxacmcftcs) cfadftrbrèbf huy badtbmb su abpbaombm mc cxpbfsoñf& Qof chebrjd)ib fcacsombm mc hbftcfcr b ids bfohbics acrab mc ibs pdeibaodfcs cf bheocftcs sdercpbstdrcbmds)

ibs pïrmombs rcprdmuatovbs bfubics pdr mo oauitbmcs sbfotbrobs) mc cstbaodfbhocftd mc scrvoaods y pdr

prcmbaoñf) ohpdfcf uf ièhotc ohpdrtbftc b ib cxpbfsoñf mc cstc jbfbmd cf csabib bprcaobeic& Quhbmd

b ciid) ib mospdfoeoiombm abmb vcz hcfdr mc rcaursds guhbfds pbrb ci auombmd mc ids bfohbics y ids

eblds prcaods mc adrmcrds y agovds cf ci fdrtc prdvofaobi) pdmrèbf mcsbicftbr ci arcaohocftd mc ib

batovombm cf ci pbrquc&

Cf mctcrhofbmds sotods mci pbrquc Ibfèf) adf uf cicvbmd vbidr mc adfscrvbaoñf) sc gbf mbmd

sotubaodfcs mc buhcftd mc abrjb bfohbi y mc hdmo oabaoñf mc ib mostroeuaoñf mci jbfbmd) quc pucmcfpdfcr cf rocsjd adhufombmcs eodiñjoabs quc gbstb bgdrb sc cfadftrbebf cf uf cstbmd mc adfscrvbaoñf

mc eucfd b huy eucfd& Cs ci absd mc ib jbfbmcrèb cf ibs aucfabs mc ids ibjds Uuabagdrdo y Òdrquofad)

cf ci scatdr fdrtc mci pbrquc& Cf ci absd mc ib aucfab Uuabagdrdo ib supcr oaoc jbfbmcrb cf ids üitohds

pâjofb f¼ 2=0




5; bòds sc hbftuvd abso ofbitcrbmb '=# mc moshofuaoñf/) hocftrbs quc cf ib aucfab [uihbrè gued uf

buhcftd mc ib supcr oaoc adf usd jbfbmcrd mc hâs mci 3;# ']beib 1&?&/& Cf bheds absds sc descrvb

uf mcspibzbhocftd mc supcr oaocs daupbmbs gbaob ci dcstc) hâs cicvbmbs) pdad prdmuatovbs) quc sdfutoiozbmbs profaopbihcftc adhd ârcbs mc vcrbfbmb 'pdr cfaohb mc ids 20;; h&s&f&h& cf huagds absds/&

Cf aubftd b ib abrjb jbfbmcrb ib sotubaoñf cs huagd hâs mrbhâtoab buf& Cf ci pcrèdmd 2??2(?5 ib

abrjb jbfbmcrb tdtbi crb mc :=1 SJE 'Sfombmcs Jbfbmcrbs Edvofbs/ u 7?5; SJD 'Sfombmcs Jbfbmcrbs

Dvofbs/) adrrcjomb pbrb sdid uf schcstrc mci bòd& Cf csc cftdfacs) tïafoads mci OF]B y mc ib B[F

rcadhcfmbebf ib moshofuaoñf mc ib abrjb jbfbmcrb b uf hâxohd mc 131;(=:1; SJD tdtbics pdr bòd

'Qbfjuofctto) 5;;2/& Batubihcftc ib abrjb jbfbmcrb sc ueoab cf ufds 2;7? SJE d 21;:1 SJD) id quc

sojfo oab uf buhcftd mci =:# cf pdad hâs mc 2; bòds y ufb abrjb trcs vcacs hbydr b ib rcadhcfmbmb

pbrb cvotbr ib mcjrbmbaoñf mc ibs pbsturbs y ci mcsbrrdiid mc prdacsds crdsovds 'Qbfjuofctto) 5;;2/&


Ci drmcfbhocftd mc ib batovombm jbfbmcrb cs ùfmbhcftbi pbrb iohotbr ids ohpbatds fcjbtovds

sderc ib eodmovcrsombm y ci hcmod èsoad& [dr uf ibmd sc mcecf drocftbr ids csùcrzds b adfdacr quï

ufombmcs mc vcjctbaoñf rcsuitbf b`catbmbs cf abmb aucfab y ci rdi mc cstbs adhufombmcs cf ib

adfscrvbaoñf mc cspcaocs `dabics d mc vbidr cspcaobi) ib suacsoñf cadiñjoab y ib prdmuatovombm prohbrob)

bsè adhd cf dtrds prdacsds hcfds adfdaomds) pcrd fd pdr ciid hcfds ohpdrtbftcs& Of`drhbaoñf prcaosb

y batubiozbmb sderc ib idabiozbaoñf cspbaobi y tchpdrbi mci jbfbmd y ids sostchbs mc hbfcld chpicbmds

pcrhotorâf cstbeicacr ièfcbs mc oftcrvcfaoñf pbrb abmb adhufombm) pdeibaoñf d cstbfaob cf pbrtoauibr)

scjüf ib pdfmcrbaoñf quc sc gbjb mc ids rcaursds b`catbmds& Csds mbtds mcecf scr eusabmds

batovbhcftc y pucstds b adfsomcrbaoñf pbrb ib tdhb mc mcaosodfcs of`drhbmbs& Ci gcagd mc quc cf ci

hbrad mc cstc prdycatd pbrtc mc ib of`drhbaoñf mci tchb jbfbmcrd fd pumd detcfcrsc 'pdr clchpid

abrjbs) cstbaodfbiombm y sostchbs mc hbfcld chpicbmds/) oiustrb aibrbhcftc ib fcacsombm mc ofstruhcftbr

abfbics cxpièaotds pbrb ci iuld mc csb of`drhbaoñf&

Baucrmds y rcsdiuaodfcs cspcaè oads pcrhotorèbf mciohotbr y rcmuaor ci usd mc ids cspbaods mc

adftbatd cftrc pbstozbics y cstcpbs d hbiiofcs y b ib vcz hbfclbr rdtbaodfcs sohpics y vobeics mc

baucrmd adf ibs abrbatcrèstoabs mc ids prdmuatdrcs& Cs ofmumbeic quc ib jbfbmcrèb fd mcec bicftbrsc

mcftrd mci pbrquc) pcsc b id aubi bijufbs hcmombs mc hbfcld mc ib prdmuaaoñf cf ârcbs mc rciocvc

subvc adf pdtcfaobi prdmuatovd 'rocjd) acrrbhocftds/) adftroeuorèbf b cvotbr ci pbstdrcd cf sotods scfsoeics

y cstrbtïjoads pbrb ib adfscrvbaoñf& Cstd mchbfmb< 2/ scicaaoñf mc ibs aucfabs d sueaucfabs mc

oftcrvcfaoñf prodrotbrob> 5/ cstumod mc su pdtcfaobi `drrblcrd y bitcrfbtovbs b ib prdmuaaoñf batubi y

ùturb cf adheofbaoñf adf ids usubrods> 1/ cibedrbaoñf mc baucrmds d fdrhbs cspcaobics pbrb cihbfcld jbfbmcrd> =/ ohpichcftbaoñf mc hcmombs adrrcatovbs mci mctcrodrd) ofaiuycfmd rcmostroeuaoñf

mci jbfbmd y blustc mc abrjbs> 3/ hdfotdrcd pcroñmoad y adftrbidr mc ib jcstoñf chprcfmomb& Mcftrd mc

pâjofb f¼ 2=:




ibs gcrrbhocftbs mc hdfotdrcd) ci cstbeicaohocftd mc ufb rcm mc aibusurbs mc ibrjd pibzd eocf pibfcbmbs

rcsuitb votbi pbrb uf csquchb mc hbfcld bmbptbtovd adhd ci quc pucmc mbrsc cf cstds csacfbrods&

Ib sotubaoñf cxostcftc cf aocrtbs aucfabs mci pbrquc Ibfèf ofmoabf quc b pcsbr mc ufb

rcmuaaoñf jidebi cf ib supcròaoc b`catbmb bi usd jbfbmcrd) quc cs pdsotovb pbrb ib eodmovcrsombm)

cxostcf sotubaodfcs puftubics b fovci mc aucfabs d sueaucfabs quc mcecf scr btcfmombs

urjcftchcftc pbrb prcvcfor mbòds orrcvcrsoeics b ibs adhufombmcs quc ciibs biecrjbf&

Batovombm drcstbi cf ci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf&

Mcsmc ci puftd mc vostb mci usd) ibs batovombmcs `drcstbics cxtrbatovbs mci edsquc fbtovd y ib

`drcstbaoñf adf cxñtoabs) adfstotuycf batovombmcs aibrbhcftc mo crcfaobmbs) hâs biiâ quc btocfmbf b

mchbfmbs sohoibrcs& B su vcz) mcftrd mci bprdvcagbhocftd `drcstbi fbtovd) ib cxtrbaaoñf adf mcstofd

ofmustrobi d mc vcftb sc mo crcfaob mc ib cxpidtbaoñf icòcrb pbrb adfsuhd idabi& Ib supcr oaoc tdtbi mci

pbrquc Ibfèf b`catbmb b cstds mostoftds usds cs mc 5:003 gcatârcbs ':)1# mci pbrquc/& Ibs

abrbatcrèstoabs mc cstds usds) cf ùfaoñf mc ids ohpbatds quc dabsodfbf) sc bfbiozbf scpbrbmbhcftc&

@drcstbaodfcs adf cspcaocs cxñtoabs&

Ibs `drcstbaodfcs hâs bftojubs mci pbrquc sc cfaucftrbf cf ib cstbfaob Rucaguquofb) bsè

adhd cf ids absads mc dtrds cstbeicaohocftds adhd Ibjd Gcrhdsd) Ids Gcicagds y Ib D`ciob& Ib

`drcstbaoñf adf cspcaocs cxñtoabs adf ofbiombm ofmustrobi cf ci pbrquc Ibfèf y bmybacfaobs) sc rcstrofjc

profaopbihcftc b pofds y bectds mci gchos`crod fdrtc& [rcmdhofb ib cspcaoc pofd pdfmcrdsb) bufquc

tbheoïf tocfcf aocrtb ohpdrtbfaob idabi ci pofd adftdrtb y ci bectd mc Mdujibs& Cf urebfozbaodfcs)

pucstds y absads mc cstbfaobs) sc ohpibftbrdf fuhcrdsbs cspcaocs adf ofcs drfbhcftbics) ofaiuycfmd

bijufbs adf rocsjd pdtcfaobi mc moschofbaoñf pdr bvcs 'ci screbi) pdr clchpid/ d pdr su cxpbfsoñf

roecrcòb) adhd ids hohercs& Adf ofcs cxpcrohcftbics sc gbf pibftbmd cf prdpocmbm provbmb y tbheoïf

cf cstbaodfcs `drcstbics mcftrd mci pbrquc) fuhcrdsbs cspcaocs mc adfè crbs y ibto diobmbs& Cf ib

aucfab Gub Guh) bmchâs mc ufb abftombm mc ibto diobmbs) sc gbf pibftbmd bi hcfds 1; cspcaocs

mo crcftcs mc adfè crbs mc ids jïfcrds [ofus) [oacb) Beocs) [scumdtsujb) cta& 'Clchpids< Rucaguquofb)

cx(Cstbaoñf @drcstbi [uabrâ) Ruoibquofb y pdeibaodfcs rurbics/&

Ci ârcb tdtbi `drcstbmb adf adfè crbs cf ci pbrquc Ibfèf bsaocfmc b ufbs 1:7= gcatârcbs

'2#/) mostroeuombs cf aubtrd füaicds eocf mo crcfaobmds< 2/ hbrjcf fdrtc mci ibjd Gucaguib`qucf

'cstbfaob Ids Gcicagds/> 5/ hbrjcf fdrtc mci ibjd Iâabr 'cstbfaob Rucaguquofb/> 1/ aucfab mci rèd

Gcrhdsd 'cstbfaobs Hbagñfoad(Ibs ]bjubs/> y =/ aucfabs Hcioquofb y @oid Gubguh& Cstds füaicds

`drhbf pbrtc mc ufb hbtroz rcjodfbi mc ufbs 2=7;; gcatârcbs mc pibftbaodfcs cf ci hoshd rbfjd mc

ibtotum mci pbrquc) bi cstc mci hoshd y cxtcfmomds gbstb ids rèds Biuhofï(Adiiñf Aurb y Iohby) cf

lurosmoaaoñf prdvofaobi '@ojurb 1&0&/&

pâjofb f¼ 2=7




Ci profaopbi füaicd mc `drcstbaoñf mcftrd mci pbrquc Ibfèf sc ueoab cf ci surcstc cf ci ârcb

Hcioquofb(@oid Gubguh) ci aubi adhprcfmc ib hbydr cxtcfsoñf idabi adftojub mc pibftbaodfcs mc pofds

'mcftrd y ùcrb mc ib lurosmoaaoñf mci pbrquc/) adf ufbs =7;; gcatârcbs pibftbmbs cf tdtbi) adf cmbmcsquc dsaoibf cftrc 2;(53 bòds& Dtrds füaicds adftojuds ohpdrtbftcs ùcrb mci pbrquc) sdf ids mc ib

abecacrb cstc mci sostchb Iâabr(Ididj 'Ididj) Ruoiquoguc) Agbpciad/ y mci ibjd Ruoiiïf 'Ruoiiïf)

Berb Bfagb/& Cf ids vbiics mc ids rèds Aurruguï y Hbiicd tbheoïf sc cfaucftrbf bijufds scatdrcs

`drcstbmds '@ojurb 1&0&/&

Ohpbatds mc ibs `drcstbaodfcs&

Ibs `drcstbaodfcs cxgoecf ufb scroc mc abrbatcrèstoabs ofmcscbeics mcsmc ci puftd mc vostb mc

ib adfscrvbaoñf mc ib eodmovcrsombm& [dr ufb pbrtc) rcchpibzbf adhpictbhcftc cadsostchbs fbturbics)

huagbs vcacs mcjrbmbmds prcvobhcftc pdr ofacfmods) sdercpbstdrcd u dtrds usds) c oftrdmuacf bi

sostchb cspcaocs cxñtoabs bi sostchb adf uf bitd pdtcfaobi mc arcaohocftd) auyds c`catds cadiñjoads

büf fd gbf somd aibrbhcftc mctcrhofbmds cf ib rcjoñf& Ids profaopbics ohpbatds abusbmds pdr ibs

pibftbaodfcs `drcstbics mc adfè crbs scrèbf 'Ibaibu y dtrds) 5;;=/<

× Ucchpibzd mc cadsostchbs fbturbics adf pïrmombs mc gâeotbt&

× Hdmo oabaoñf mc ib cstruaturb y mofâhoab mc ib fucvb adhufombm vcjctbi y mc adhufombmcs

adiofmbftcs&

× Abheods cf ib prdmuatovombm mci sostchb) ib pbrtoaoñf mc eodhbsb y ci scaucstrd mc abredfd&

× Abheods cf ids cfsbheics fbtovds mc bufb cf ci ârcb rcchpibzbmb y zdfbs mc of iucfaob&

× Uocsjd mc moschofbaoñf mc pibjbs y cf crhcmbmcs bsdaobmbs b su auitovd&

× Abheods cf ci ebibfac gomrdiñjoad cf ârcbs `drcstbmbs&

× Uocsjd mc ofvbsoñf&

Hbfcld mci edsquc fbtovd&

Ci hdmcid mc bprdvcagbhocftd trbmoaodfbi mc hbmcrbs fbtovbs adf mcstofd b bscrrèd quc mdhofñ

ci csacfbrod mc ib batovombm murbftc mïabmbs) tcfèb ibs sojuocftcs abrbatcrèstoabs<

º Adfacsodfcs drcstbics mc ibrjd pibzd '5; d hâs bòds/ sderc scatdrcs òsabics mci pbrquc) d

pibfcs mc adrtb cf prdpocmbm provbmb) sulctds b ib bprdebaoñf mc uf pibf mc hbfcld y

osabiozbaoñf pcroñmoab mci hbfcld y ib prdmuaaoñf) cstd üitohd b pbrtor mc ib mïabmb mci ‗7;&

º Cxostcfaobs mc hbmcrb mc bitd vbidr) profaopbihcftc mc rbuiè cf ci sur mci pbrquc y mc brbuabrob

cf ci fdrtc) adf hcfdr pbrtoaopbaoñf mc rdeic pciièf y adoguc&º Adrtc scicatovd ' idrcd/ mci edsquc) ebsbmd cf ib abiombm 'ùstc) moâhctrd y cstbmd sbfotbrod/ mc

ids clchpibrcs y cf ci pbjd b mcstbld mc ids adftrbtostbs&

pâjofb f¼ 2=?




@ojurb 1&0& Hbpb mc ibs `drcstbaodfcs adf cspcaocs cxñtoabs cf lurosmoaaoñf mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf y zdfb mcof iucfaob) supcrpucstbs b ibs abtcjdrèbs mc hbfcld mci pbrquc&

pâjofb f¼ 23;




º Bebfmdfd cf ci iujbr mc clchpibrcs vditcbmds mcscagbmds) mcspuftcs y rbhbs) sbivd cxtrbaaoñf

mc icòb pbrb adfsuhd mci pcrsdfbi&

º Uchdaoñf pdr brrbstrc aucstb bebld adf eucycs quc crbf hbftcfomds cf ci iujbr) luftd adfdtrds bfohbics mc adfsuhd) jcfcrbihcftc mc pdeibmdrcs idabics chpicbmds mci derblc) y

trbfspdrtc b ibs pibybs roecrcòbs adf abhodfcs abfbmocfscs pbrb su trbsibmd pdstcrodr cf

ebisbs rchdiabmbs 'lbfjbmbs/ gbstb ids bscrrbmcrds mc idabiombmcs hâs prñxohbs 'Qbf Hbrtèf

mc ids Bfmcs) Ibjd Gcrhdsd) Ruoiiïf) Hdqucguc/&

º Hbftcfohocftd mc abhpbhcftds d ebrrods prcabrods pbrb vovocfmb mci pcrsdfbi y su `bhoiob&

Cstd ofaiuèb ci auombmd mc bfohbics mdhïstoads y mc adfsuhd) bsè adhd ci mcsbrrdiid mc tdmbs

ibs batovombmcs sdaobics cf ci iujbr&

Cstc pbtrñf abrbatcrozñ b ibs cxpidtbaodfcs `drcstbics cf ci pbrquc Ibfèf y zdfb mc of iucfaob

mcsmc ib mïabmb mci ‗5; gbstb cftrbmds ids bòds ‗7; cf ids ibjds Gcrhdsd) Iâabr) Ididj) Aurruguï)

Cpuib`qucf) ]rdhcf) Ruoiiïf(Guo guo) Òdrquofad) [uihbrè y Biuhofï(Hdqucguc 'mc Bhbmdr) 2?32> [dzd)

2??1/& B hcmobmds mc ids ½:;) sc abfacibrdf fuhcrdsbs adfacsodfcs cf ci pbrquc ' ucrb mc prdpocmbmcs

provbmbs/ y sc bmlumoañ b ufb üfoab chprcsb 'ADHBFCQB) Adrpdrbaoñf Hbmcrcrb mci Fcuquïf Q&B&/)

ids mcrcagds mc cxpidtbaoñf mci ârcb bi surdcstc mci ibjd Iâabr& Ib chprcsb hbftuvd iucjd uf adf ioatd

adf ib Bmhofostrbaoñf mc [brqucs Fbaodfbics) detcfocfmd b ofbics mc ids ½7; ufb cxtcfsoñf mc ib

adfacsoñf pdr uf pibzd mc 3; bòds&

Batubihcftc ci hbfcld mci edsquc fbtovd sc rcbiozb sderc bijd hâs mc 27;; gcatârcbs ';)3#/)

cf edsqucs bitbhcftc cftrcsbabmds cf cxpidtbaodfcs aoraufsaroptbs abso cxaiusovbhcftc b ib aucfab

Iâabr) sulctds bi adftrbidr mci pbrquc) cf ci hbrad mc uf Ucjibhcftd @drcstbi adf hbydrcs cxojcfaobs

quc bftcs& Bijufbs mc ibs cxpidtbaodfcs sdf rcbiozbmbs pdr adhufombmcs hbpuagc 'Aurruguofab y

Abyüf/) dtrbs pcrsostcf cf ib hbrjcf fdrtc mci ibjd Iâabr adf ofcs ofmustrobics(sdaobics 'Ruoibfibguc)

_uad Bitd y Rucaguquofb) cstc üitohd rcaocftchcftc mcsbatovbmd/) y dtrb cs c`catubmb pdr uf

adfacsodfbrod 'ADHBFCQB/ bi surdcstc mc ib hoshb aucfab) adhd yb sc hcfaodfñ ']beib 1&2;&/& Ci

tbhbòd hcmod mc ibs cxpidtbaodfcs cs mc ufbs 200 gcatârcbs 'CQ 8 72)?/&

Ohpbatds mci bprdvcagbhocftd mci edsquc fbtovd&

Ib hdmbiombm mc cxpidtbaoñf bpioabmb murbftc abso tdmd ci sojid pbsbmd mclñ aibrbs cvomcfaobs

cf ids edsqucs oftcrvcfomds& Cstb hdmbiombm mc usd) cf rcibaoñf b ids bspcatds scòbibmds cf ib ]beib

1&2&) gberèb prdmuaomd ids sojuocftcs ohpbatds 'Ibaibu y dtrds) 5;;=/<

º [ïrmomb mc eodhbsb y rcmuaaoñf mc ib prdmuatovombm drcstbi&

º Abheods mc cstruaturb vcrtoabi y gdrozdftbi mci edsquc y cf ib adhpdsoaoñf mc ibs adhufombmcs&

º [ïrmombs mc gâeotbt) buhcftd mc vuifcrbeoiombm mc pdeibaodfcs&

º [ïrmombs mc sustrbtd y abheods cf ci rcaoaiblc mc futrocftcs&º Bitcrbaodfcs cf ci rocsjd mc ofacfmods&

º @baoiotbaoñf mc ofvbsodfcs&

pâjofb f¼ 232




]beib 1&2;& Qcatdrcs mc bprdvcagbhocftd batubi mci edsquc fbtovd cf lurosmoaaoñf mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf)mctbiibfmd totuibrcs) usubrods) ueoabaoñf) supcr oaoc y mcstofd mci prdmuatd&

[ïrmomb mc eodhbsb y rcmuaaoñf mc ib prdmuatovombm `drcstbi&

Cf edsqucs tchpibmds hbmurds) ids âredics sdf ci profaopbi rcscrvdrod mc eodhbsb mci

cadsostchb& Ib cxtrbaaoñf `drcstbi) ebsbmb cf ids clchpibrcs mc hbydr pdrtc y hcldr cstbmd sbfotbrod

prdmuac ufb hcrhb bprcaobeic mc ibs cxostcfaobs) cf bijufds absds& Cf jcfcrbi) ib scicaaoñf prbatoabmbcf ci vditcd mclb cf poc ofmovomuds mc moâhctrds hcfdrcs) d eocf mc jrbf moâhctrd pcrd hbi drhbmds y

adf uf cstbmd sbfotbrod mc oaocftc& Cf cspcaocs idfjcvbs adhd ib brbuabrob d ib icfjb) ids ofmovomuds

bprdvcagbmds supcrbebf usubihcftc ids 5;; bòds) y buf vbrobs vcacs csb cmbm& Dtrbs cspcaocs

adhd ci rdeic pciièf) ci rbuiè y ci adoguc pucmcf tcfcr hâs mc 2;; bòds cf su hbmurcz& Ib rchdaoñf mc

ufb adfsomcrbeic abftombm mc eodhbsb mc bauhuibaoñf tbf icftb gb mclbmd ohprdftbs cf ib cstruaturb

batubi mc ids edsqucs& Ib moshofuaoñf mc âredics schoiicrds y ib scicaaoñf fcjbtovb cf tïrhofds mc

sbfombm) `drhb y tbhbòd gberèbf prdmuaomd) bi hcfds murbftc vbrods bòds) uf ebld rcaiutbhocftd y

ufb hcfdr prdmuatovombm prohbrob pdr moshofuaoñf mc ib adecrturb breñrcb y mci sdtdedsquc& Cf tbiscftomd) abec scòbibr quc ib cxtrbaaoñf mc abòb ùc ufb batovombm bsdaobmb b ib mc ib hbmcrb) bi ojubi

quc ci trâfsotd mc bfohbics mc trbebld& [brb ci pcrèdmd 2?02(2??2 sc cstohb ufb cxtrbaaoñf bauhuibmb

mc 3)= hoiidfcs mc ufombmcs '[dzd) 2??1/) bufquc jrbf pbrtc mc ciib ùc rcbiozbmb sderc edsqucs

prcvobhcftc oftcrvcfomds '[& Ibaibu) des& pcrs&/&

Abheods mc cstruaturb vcrtoabi y gdrozdftbi mci edsquc y cf ib adhpdsoaoñf rcibtovb mc ibs adhufombmcs&

Ib oftcrvcfaoñf pdr cftrcsbab scicatovb sc adfacftrñ cf âredics mdhofbftcs) cf drmcf mc

ohpdrtbfaob) mc ibs cspcaocs rbuiè) rdeic pciièf y adoguc) cf adhufombmcs adhpucstbs pdr cstbs cspcaocs&

Cstd prdmuld ufb ohpdrtbftc bpcrturb mci mdsci) `bvdrcaocfmd ib cftrbmb mc iuz cf mcshcmrd mc ibs

cspcaocs uherñ oibs mci sdtdedsquc& Bmchâs) cstb bpcrturb gberèb `bvdrcaomd ib rcjcfcrbaoñf mc

cspcaocs oftdicrbftcs) adhd ci adoguc cf ci absd mci topd `drcstbi adoguc(rdeic pciièf(rbuiè d adoguc(

pâjofb f¼ 235

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aubfmd abcf& Adf bprdvcagbhocftd `drcstbi) ibs pdraodfcs mc hbtcrobi jrucsd icòdsd sc ofarchcftbf

hbrabmbhcftc) cf mctrohcftd mc rbaaodfcs hâs ofbs& Bsohoshd) ci bpdrtc mc futrocftcs hâs eâsoads

adftcfomds cf ib adrtczb 'abiaod) hbjfcsod/ sc oftcfso oabrèb) adf c`catds prcsuhoeics sderc ci pG mcisucid& ]bheoïf moshofuycf ids bpdrtcs pdstcrodrcs mc gdlbrbsab d rutds) pdr rcmuaaoñf mc ib adecrturb

breñrcb& ]dmd ciid adftroeuyc bi buhcftd mc ib rcibaoñf A$F mci hbftoiid y b ufb hcfdr supcr oaoc

rcibtovb mc ids cichcftds jrucsds mospdfoeic pbrb ids mcsadhpdfcmdrcs& Ci rcsuitbmd cs ib ofhdvoiozbaoñf

pbraobi mc fotrñjcfd) rctbrmbfmd ib batovombm hoardeobfb aciuidiètoab) bauhuiâfmdsc b ib vcz jrbf abftombm

mc mctrotds& Mcpcfmocfmd mci jrbmocftc mc guhcmbm y mc ib batovombm mc ofscatds y gdfjds mc ib

hbmcrb) ids scatdrcs hâs gojrñ oids mci edsquc biabfzbrèbf uf fucvd cstbmd mc cquoioerod mofâhoad cf

adrtd pibzd) ebibfacbfmd ci hbftoiid adf ib `drhbaoñf mc guhus y rcsporbaoñf gctcrdtrñ oab& Cf ids

sotods hâs scads) cstds prdacsds scrèbf huy icftds) hbftcfocfmd ufb bauhuibaoñf sojfo oabtovb mc

hbftoiid y hbmcrb jrucsb&

[dr dtrb pbrtc) ib bauhuibaoñf mc mctrotds adfstotuyc ufb trbfs`crcfaob mcsmc ib eodhbsb vovb

gbaob ci sucid) mdfmc ib hbtcrob drjâfoab sc vucivc hâs vuifcrbeic b pïrmombs pdr dxombaoñf 'hoardeobfb

d ofacfmods/) ioxovobaoñf d brrbstrc crdsovd& Qof chebrjd) tbheoïf pucmc adftroeuor b ib `crtoiozbaoñf mci

sucid) bpdrtbfmd ufb jrbf abftombm mc ebscs) bi adftrdi mc bjcftcs crdsovds) b ib rcjuibaoñf tïrhoab

y b ib rctcfaoñf mc bjub&

Bitcrbaodfcs cf ci rocsjd mc ofacfmods&

Ib cxpidtbaoñf `drcstbi jcfcrb c`catds bftbjñfoads cf aubftd b ib vuifcrbeoiombm b ofacfmods&

[dr ufb pbrtc) ib rchdaoñf mc âredics oftcrruhpc ib adftofuombm gdrozdftbi mci edsquc y moshofuyc ib

abrjb tdtbi mc adheustoeic& Bi b`catbrsc) pdr rdturb d brrbstrc) pdraodfcs ohpdrtbftcs mci sdtdedsquc)

ib adftofuombm vcrtoabi tbheoïf sc vcrèb mosadftofubmb& [dr dtrd ibmd) ib adheustoeoiombm mci sucid buhcftb

cf prdpdraoñf b ib ofadrpdrbaoñf mc mcsgcagds of ibhbeics& Qo ib cxpidtbaoñf gb somd oftcfsb) tbheoïf

abheobf ibs adfmoaodfcs hoardaiohâtoabs) abicftâfmdsc hâs ci borc y ci sucid) moshofuycfmd ib guhcmbm

rcibtovb mci bheocftc mcftrd mci edsquc cf ib cstbaoñf arètoab& Ib aorauibaoñf mc borc) adheurcftc y

vcgèauid mc prdpbjbaoñf b ib vcz) buhcftbrèb& Ib prcscfaob guhbfb) ci usd mc icòb y ib bpcrturb mc

abhofds y scfmbs buhcftbf buf hâs ci pciojrd mc ofacfmods& Cs pdsoeic quc ib moshofuaoñf mc hbmcrby ib rupturb mc ib adftofuombm gbybf rcmuaomd ci rocsjd mc ofacfmods cf ârcbs gühcmbs) cf tbftd quc

ci bpdrtc mc adheustoeic bi sucid gbyb buhcftbmd ci rocsjd cf scatdrcs hâs scads& Cf bheds absds

sc cstbrèb b`catbfmd ci pbtrñf fbturbi mc ùcjds) abrbatcrozbmds pdr bitb rcaucfaob y eblb oftcfsombm

cf ibs ârcbs mc cadtdfd edsquc(cstcpb y b ib ofvcrsb cf ci edsquc gühcmd&

@baoiotbaoñf mc ofvbsodfcs&

]dmb batovombm quc ohpioquc ib bpcrturb mc abhofds) ci ofjrcsd mc jcftc) bfohbics mdhïstoads)

jbfbmd y mostoftds vcgèauids mc trbfspdrtc) rcprcscftb ufb baoiotbaoñf mc ofvbsodfcs bfohbics y vcjctbics']rdheuibn y @rosscii) 5;;;> [buagbrm y Bibeban) 5;;=/& Cf csc scftomd) ids derbmdrcs cf ci edsquc

fbtovd gbf prdhdvomd ci cstbeicaohocftd mc pibftbs cxñtoabs) cspcaobihcftc mc bquciibs vofauibmbs b

abhpbhcftds y vovocfmbs& Cs pibusoeic quc vbrods pbragcs mc rdsb hdsquctb y fuhcrdsbs gcreâacbs

pâjofb f¼ 23=




sc gbybf ofstbibmd b pbrtor mci bebfmdfd mc quoftbs gdrtèadibs) d quc ib cxpbfsoñf mci rctbhd d ib

mcmbicrb cf ci edsquc) sc gbybf drojofbmd cf su auitovd drfbhcftbi& Ib biohcftbaoñf adf `brmds mc ids

bfohbics mc trbebld ofadrpdrb huagbs schoiibs mc jrbhèfcbs cxñtoabs adhd ci pbstd dvoiid) pbstd hoci)pdb mc ids prbmds) cta&) quc sc b ofabf cxotdsbhcftc cf edsqucs ebld hbfcld&

Ssd icòcrd mci edsquc fbtovd&

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rcjoñf mcpcfmèbf mci bebstcaohocftd mc jbs cfvbsbmd y mc ib prdvosoñf mc icòb fbtovb pbrb abic`baaoñf

y usd mdhïstoad jcfcrbi& Batubihcftc) cstds adheustoeics sdf mc usd hcfdr cf ibs aoumbmcs pcrd

sojucf socfmd ohpdrtbftcs cf ibs adhufombmcs rurbics) ofaiuycfmd ids bscftbhocftds mc drjbfoshdspüeioads mc cmuabaoñf) scjurombm y adftrbidr 'Jcfmbrhcrèb Fbaodfbi) B[F) B@O[) Adfscld [rdvofaobi mc

Cmuabaoñf) Clïraotd Brjcftofd) cta&/&

Gbstb ids ‗:;) ibs adhufombmcs rurbics mci pbrquc y ârcbs edsadsbs bicmbòbs) crbf bitbhcftc

scicatovbs cf ci usd mc icòb& Ibs cspcaocs hâs eusabmbs pdr rcfmohocftd abiñroad y baoiombm mc detcfaoñf

crbf ci agbaby) ib brbuabrob 'sus ’aibvds‘/) ci aoprïs y ci òorc& Cf hcfdr hcmomb y scjüf ib mospdfoeoiombm

mc ibs bftcrodrcs) tbheoïf crbf vbidrbmbs ci sbuac) ci hbfzbfd soivcstrc y dtrbs fbtovbs d auitovbmbs&

Ids Fdtgd`bjus mc jrbf pdrtc crbf jcfcrbihcftc hcfds eusabmds y sdid crbf utoiozbmds adhd

sueprdmuatd icòcrd mc bprdvcagbhocftds ofmustrobics d cf buscfaob mc ibs cspcaocs adfsomcrbmbshâs vbiodsbs&

Ib prcsoñf sdstcfomb sderc ids òorbftbics prñxohds b ibs pdeibaodfcs biclñ abmb vcz hâs bi

rcaursd cf tïrhofds mc mostbfaob d baacsoeoiombm) moshofuycfmd ucrtchcftc ib adecrturb y ib rcfdvbaoñf

mci edsquc d hbtdrrbi rchbfcftc 'Brqucrds) 2???/& Cf ufb sueaucfab mc ib aucfab Gub Guh ']rdhpui/)

sc gbf mcsarotd mds `drhbs cxtrbatovbs gbeotubics< b/ ufb adtomobfb) mc rcadicaaoñf mc rbhbs abèmbs cf

ci sucid) trbsibmbeics cf erbzds pdr hulcrcs y foòds> y e/ ufb pcroñmoab quc ohpioab ib cxtrbaaoñf pdr

vditcd y babrrcd mc trdfads) pbrb aueror ibs fcacsombmcs mci bòd 'Brqucrds) 2???/& Ibs vbrobeics quc

mctcrhofbf ci pbtrñf cxtrbatovd sdf ibs mostbfaobs cftrc ibs vovocfmbs y ci rcaursd) ib adfacftrbaoñf mc pdeibaodfcsy ib baacsoeoiombm rcibtovb pbrb ib cxtrbaaoñf& Ib mchbfmb ofmovomubi mc icòb cstbrèb of iucfaobmb pdr ci

tbhbòd mci jrupd `bhoiobr< ci adfsuhd mc pdeibaodfcs ufopcrsdfbics biabfzbrèb 1; h1$bòd) pbrb

mcsacfmcr b 0 h1$pcrsdfb cf jrupds `bhoiobrcs jrbfmcs mc hâs mc ? pcrsdfbs 'Brqucrds) 2???/&

Ci usd mc ib icòb cf ci pbrquc Ibfèf cs ufd mc ids hâs mo èaoics mc rcjostrbr mceomd b quc ib

hbydr pbrtc mc su bprdvcagbhocftd daurrc pdr ùcrb mc ids aorauotds `drhbics) adhcraobics d fd& Ibs

cstohbaodfcs batubics ofmoabf quc ib supcròaoc mci pbrquc Ibfèf ebld usd icòcrd cs mc ufbs 2071=

gcatârcbs '=)=# mci pbrquc/& B csb supcròaoc sc suhbf ib mcstofbmb bi usd icòcrd adfluftbhcftc

adf ib adicatb mc poòdfcs mc brbuabrob) quc cs mc ufbs 1357 gcatârcbs) y ib mci usd icòcrd cfadfluftd adf ib cxtrbaaoñf mc abòb) quc cs mc ufbs :3? gcatârcbs) adf id quc ci usd icòcrd tdtbi

cs mc 52252 gcatârcbs '3)3#/&

pâjofb f¼ 233




Ib adheofbaoñf mci usd icòcrd y jbfbmcrd cs ebstbftc rcaucftc y desaurcac ib baaoñf mc ufd

y dtrd `batdr b ib gdrb mc cvbiubr sus c`catds& Fd destbftc) ib moshofuaoñf mc ib adecrturb breñrcb vovb

batubi scrèb uf c`catd morcatd mci usd icòcrd) tbftd pdr moshofuaoñf mc ùstcs) adhd pdr ufb cxtrbaaoñfscicatovb mc icòb y pdstcs gbaob hbydrcs moâhctrds& Ids edsqucs utoiozbmds prcscftbf cftdfacs hcfdr

mcfsombm) hcfds ùstcs pdr ofmovomud) hcfdr adecrturb mc adpbs y hcfdrcs moâhctrds hcmods

'Brqucrds) 2???/&

Dtrds usds cxtrbatovds fd hbmcrbeics mci edsquc fbtovd&

B ibs batovombmcs acftrbics mcsaroptbs cf ids eidqucs bftcrodrcs sc suhbf ib adscagb mc schoiibs

mc brbuabrob 'poòdfcs/ y ib cxtrbaaoñf mc abòb adioguc pbrb ib `beroabaoñf mc huceics& Ib supcr oaoc cfib quc sc mcsbrrdiib ib rcadicaaoñf mc poòdfcs tdtbiozb ufbs =7: gcatârcbs ';)2#/) adfacftrbmb cf mds

scatdrcs mo crcftcs adhd batovombm cxaiusovb< rèd ]ureod y pdrtbmb mc baacsd bi pbrquc pdr ci vbiic mci

rèd Hbiicd) cf ib aucfab mci hoshd fdherc& B csb supcr oaoc sc ic bjrcjbf ibs mc usd adheofbmd adf ci

icòcrd 'hcfaodfbmd cf ci eidquc rcspcatovd/) quc sdf 135? gcatârcbs) pdr id quc ci tdtbi bsaocfmc b

=;20 gcatârcbs '2)2#/& Csds scatdrcs mc usd hoxtd quc sc ueoabf bi cstc) sur y dcstc mci ibjd Uuabagdrdo)

sdf bprdvcagbmds pdr oftcjrbftcs mc ib adhufombm Bojd pbrb adfsuhd prdpod&

Ib supcr oaoc mcstofbmb b ib cxtrbaaoñf cxaiusovb mc abòb adioguc suhb =2; gcatârcbs ';)2#/ y

sc mostroeuyc cf mds scatdrcs& Ci scatdr hâs cxtcfsd adrrcspdfmc b uf totuibr mc uf [[D[ bi dcstc mci

ibjd Fdftguï) hocftrbs quc ci rcstbftc sc ueoab cf ib cstbfaob Ibjd Gcrhdsd) bi fdrtc mc ids ibjds

Ubuiè y Ibs Aârhcfcs& Qo ic suhbhds id quc sc cxtrbc cf adheofbaoñf adf ci usd icòcrd) ib supcr oaoc

bsaocfmc b 220? gcatârcbs ';)1#/&

]cfmcfaob mc ids usds `drcstbics mci edsquc fbtovd&

Sfb rcvosoñf gostñroab sderc cxtrbaaodfcs `drcstbics cf Fcuquïf murbftc ci pcrèdmd 2?02(2??2)

aubfto oañ ufb rchdaoñf bauhuibmb mc adoguc cf lurosmoaaoñf mc pbrqucs fbaodfbics mc 20:;;; h1 mc

hbmcrb rdiiozb& Cf ci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf) ib cxtrbaaoñf mc rdeic pciièf biabfzñ ids 07;;; h1 y ib mc

rbuiè ids 2=:;;; h1 cf ci hoshd pcrèdmd& Ibs cxtrbaaodfcs cf lurosmoaaoñf prdvofaobi biabfzbrdf ids

552;;; h1 mc brbuabrob 'ibjd Hdqucguc/) :?;;; h1 mc icfjb) 53;;; h1 mc adoguc) 07;; h1 mc rdeic

pciièf y 22;;; h1 mc aoprïs) bmchâs mc 515;;; h1 mc icòb mc movcrsbs cspcaocs '[dzd) 2??1/&

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mci pbrquc mcstofbmbs b ib cxtrbaaoñf mc hbmcrb mc csbs cspcaocs& Ids rcjostrds gostñroads mc csc usd

fds pcrhotcf tcfcr ufb omcb aubftotbtovb mc ib supcr oaoc b`catbmb quc cf tdtbi bsacfmoñ b ufbs =;1;;

gcatârcbs) rchdftâfmdfds b ufds 0; bòds btrâs '@ojurb 1&:/& Ciid sojfo oab quc prdebeichcftc csbao rb scb adfscrvbmdrb pucs fd sc aucftb adf of`drhbaoñf bftcrodr b csb `cagb) cf ib quc ib batovombm

cxtrbatovb hbmcrcrb ùc oftcfsb&

pâjofb f¼ 230




@ojurb 1&:& Hbpb mc bprdvcagbhocftd gostñroad mci edsquc fbtovd cf lurosmoaaoñf mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf b pbrtormci bòd 2?=3&

pâjofb f¼ 23:




[brb mosarohofbr y vcr adf hbydr aibrombm ib supcr oaoc b`catbmb cf mostoftds hdhcftds gostñroads)

sc scpbrbrdf ids mbtds cf oftcrvbids quc cquovbicf b mo crcftcs murbaodfcs cf bòds mc ibs cxpidtbaodfcs

`drcstbics '@ojurb 1&7&/& Qc descrvb quc ci pcrèdmd mc hbydr bujc mc ibs cxpidtbaodfcs sdf ibs quctuvocrdf ufb murbaoñf mc 50 b 1; bòds) adrrcspdfmocftcs bi pcrèdmd 2?=3(2?:;) y quc rcprcscftbf uf

05# mc ib supcr oaoc gostñroab b`catbmb&

Ib tcfmcfaob mc cxtrbaaoñf mc hbmcrbs fbtovbs gb somd hbrabmbhcftc mcarcaocftc murbftc ci

pcrèdmd bfbiozbmd) hâs buf so tcfchds cf aucftb quc ids fovcics mc oftcrvcfaoñf cf ibs prohcrbs

mïabmbs mci sojid WW gberèbf somd ofaiusd hâs bitds& Cf ib ïpdab mc bpdjcd mc ib batovombm ids

bscrrbmcrds pbrb ci bprdvcagbhocftd mci edsquc fbtovd prdio crbrdf cf ib zdfb gbstb hcmobmds mc ids

‗:;) bvdrcaomds pdr ci mcsbrrdiid idabi mc of rbcstruaturb y ib baoiombm mc adhufoabaoñf pdr vèb ibaustrc&

B pbrtor mc csb cagb) ci bjdtbhocftd mc ids rcaursds hbmcrbeics hâs vbiodsds y ibs hbydrcs cxojcfaobs

bheocftbics prdmulcrdf ci adibpsd mci fcjdaod `drcstbi&

Ssds turèstoads cf ci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf&

Ib b iucfaob y ib batovombm turèstoab gbf cstbmd arcaocfmd sdstcfombhcftc cf ci pbès cf ids

üitohds bòds) y ci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf) ueoabmd cf ib rcjoñf mc ufd mc ids mcstofds prc`crcfaobics

mci turoshd fbaodfbi y cxtrbflcrd 'edsqucs bfmofd(pbtbjñfoads/) fd gb somd ib cxacpaoñf& Mceomd b ciid

sc gbac fcacsbrod adhcfzbr b cstohbr adf hbydr prcaosoñf ibs batovombmcs mcspicjbmbs pdr ci turoshd)

@ojurb 1&7& Qupcr oaocs 'gcatârcbs/ mci edsquc fbtovd b`catbmbs pdr cxpidtbaodfcs mc murbaoñf vbrobeic 'bòds/ cf lurosmoaaoñf mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf& Ids mbtds auercf ib scroc gostñroab 2?=3(2?77&

pâjofb f¼ 237

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adf uf bfâiosos cspbaobi mc moagbs batovombmcs) bsè adhd or aibso oabfmd) bi hcfds aubiotbtovbhcftc) ids

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zdfbs mci pbrquc&


]opds mc usd turèstoad&

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oftcfsovd> 5/ usd cxtcfsovd> y 1/ sof usd& Ci usd turèstoad oftcfsovd sc mc ofc adhd bquci quc sc mb cf

`drhb hbso oabmb d adfacftrbmb) jcfcrbihcftc pdr ufb adheofbaoñf mc ib prcscfaob mc btrbatovds

turèstoads) uf bitd jrbmd mc baacsoeoiombm b ids hoshds y ib d`crtb mc scrvoaods adf of`rbcstruaturbcmoioaob pbrb ci vosotbftc 'gdtcics) gdstcrèb) rcstburbftcs) abhpofjs drjbfozbmds) cta&/& Ib prcscfaob mc

abhofds adfsdiombmds d hcldrcs tbheoïf adftroeuyñ b mcòfor cstc topd mc usd& Ibs batovombmcs

hüitopics cf ibs scfmbs) cspcaobihcftc so ofaiuycf abebijbtbs) tbheoïf adftroeuycf b mcòfor ib

zdfb adhd mc usd oftcfsovd

Cf ci topd cxtcfsovd) cf absd mc gbecr scrvoaods) cstds abrcacf mc of`rbcstruaturb cmoioaob&

Jcfcrbihcftc ibs batovombmcs mcspicjbmbs cf ibs scfmbs sdf hâs iohotbmbs cf abftombm& Ib buscfaob

mc abhofds ohpdrtbftcs tbheoïf mc ofc b cstc topd) devobhcftc so sc auhpic ci prohcr arotcrod& Ci topd

sof usd cs adhprcfsoeic y sc rc ocrc b quc fd gby prâatoabhcftc usd turèstoad adhd adfscaucfaob mc ibbuscfaob mc rutbs) abhofds y scfmbs quc prdvcbf baacsds bi scatdr&

B` iucfao b turèst oa b&

Ib b iucfaob turèstoab ùc cstohbmb pbrb abmb aucfab murbftc ci hcs mc cfcrd mc 5;;3 scjüf

ci sojuocftc prdacmohocftd& Ib of`drhbaoñf mc ebsc sc detuvd mc acfsds mc turostbs ofjrcsbfmd bi

pbrquc Ibfèf murbftc cfcrd mc 5;;3 cf ids scatdrcs Gucaguib`qucf y Ruoib Ruofb&

Adhpichcftbrobhcftc) cf dtrbs cftrbmbs bi pbrquc mostoftbs b ibs acfsbmbs) sc goaocrdf hucstrcds mc

ib jcftc quc ofjrcsbeb murbftc 5(1 mèbs& Csds hucstrcds tbheoïf ofaiuycrdf b ibs edabs mc baacsd

acfsbmbs) id aubi pcrhotoñ hcmobftc rcjrcsoñf iofcbi) abioerbr cftrc sotods acfsbmds y fd acfsbmds& B

pbrtor mc ib rcjrcsoñf) sc cstohñ ci ofjrcsd mc turostbs b ibs aucfabs quc fd adftbebf adf mbtds tdtbics

mc acfsds& Ci trâfsotd mc jcftc cf aucfabs adf pbsds oftcrfbaodfbics b Agoic pdmèb mostdrsodfbr ids

vcrmbmcrds vbidrcs mc ids turostbs quc pcrhbfcaèbf cf ci pbrquc& [dr ciid) sc detuvocrdf ids vbidrcs

mc ib jcftc cf trâfsotd gbaob Agoic pbrb rcstbrid mci tdtbi cstohbmd) adf ib oftcfaoñf mc rc iclbr hâs

prcaosbhcftc ci abumbi mc pcrsdfbs quc vcrmbmcrbhcftc baacmoñ bi pbrquc cf csds scatdrcs&

Cf bijufds sotods fd sc mospusd mc of`drhbaoñf fo mc acfsds fo mc hucstrcds) adf id aubi fd uc

pdsoeic cstohbr ci vdiuhcf mc ofjrcsd mc pcrsdfbs usbfmd ib rcjrcsoñf& Cf csds absds y pbrb sdiuaodfbr

ib `bitb mc mbtds) sc utoiozñ ib of`drhbaoñf sderc ib abpbaombm mc babhpc y bidlbhocftd mcftrd mc ib

aucfab) bsuhocfmd ufb abpbaombm mc usd hâxohb y uf rcabheod mc jcftc schbfbi) quc crb id quc

ofmoabebf ibs cfaucstbs turèstoabs chpicbmbs cf ids acfsds&

pâjofb f¼ 23?




@ofbihcftc) pbrb detcfcr ci fühcrd tdtbi mc pcrsdfbs ofjrcsbmbs pdr aucfab pdr hcs sc

rcbiozñ ci sojuocftc aâiauid) scjüf ci absd< 2/ cf ibs aucfabs acfsbmbs) sc suhbrdf ids rcjostrds

mobrods pbrb ci hcs adhpictd> 5/ cf ibs aucfabs hucstrcbmbs) sc huitopioañ ci vbidr mobrod cstohbmd pdr

12 'mèbs mci hcs mc cfcrd/> y 1/ cf ibs aucfabs sof acfsds y sof hucstrcds) sc suhbrdf ibs abpbaombmcs

mc babhpc y bidlbhocftd) scjüf ci pbtrñf schbfbi mc rcabheod& Abec mcstbabr quc cf ci absd mc ib

aucfab Aurruguï ib hoshb fd ùc mchbrabmb adf uf arotcrod gomrdjrâ oad tbi adhd sc gozd pbrb dtrds

bfâiosos '@ojurb 2&0&/) sofd quc sc sojuoñ ci arotcrod mc utoiozbr ci clc mc mcspibzbhocftd mc ids turostbs b

id ibrjd mc ids abhofds) cf scftomd cstc(dcstc&

[brb pdmcr trbsibmbr cf `drhb mo crcfaobi cstds aâiauids b ibs sueaucfabs oftcjrbftcs mcabmb aucfab sc prdacmoñ mci sojuocftc hdmd& Ci vbidr tdtbi cstohbmd d suhbmd mc jcftc quc ofjrcsñ b

ib aucfab ùc mostroeuomb cf ibs sueaucfabs scjüf ci jrbmd mc baacsoeoiombm d pcrhcbeoiombm quc abmb

ufb mc ciibs tcfèb cf ebsc b ibs scfmbs y abhofds prcscftcs) bsè adhd b ib pdsoeic pcrhbfcfaob mc ids

turostbs cf ib sueaucfab scjüf ci topd mc scrvoaods turèstoads prcscftcs cf abmb ufb& Qc utoiozbrdf trcs

vbrobeics abtcjñroabs y mds adftofubs ']beib 1&22&/&

Cf ci absd mc ibs vbrobeics abtcjñroabs) ibs hoshbs ucrdf scpbrbmbs cf aibscs yb cxostcftcs d

eocf sc prdacmoñ b uf rcbjrupbhocftd mc ibs aibscs pbrb sohpio oabrib& Ibs vbrobeics adftofubs ùcrdf

scpbrbmbs cf oftcrvbids& Abmb aibsc mc abmb vbrobeic ùc cquopbrbmb b uf adc oaocftc quc pdmèb tcfcr

adhd vbidr hâxohd 2 y adhd vbidr hèfohd ;);2) scjüf abmb vbrobeic) yb quc ids adc oaocftcs fd ucrdf

cxbatbhcftc ids hoshds cftrc vbrobeics& @ofbihcftc) pbrb abmb sueaucfab sc huitopioabrdf ids

adc oaocftcs mc abmb vbrobeic y b su vcz sc gozd ci prdmuatd adf ib abftombm mc vosotbftcs cstohbmb d

]beib 1&22& Pbrobeics adftofubs y abtcjñroabs usbmbs pbrb ib cstohbaoñf mc ib b iucfaob turèstoab cf abmb ufb mc ibssueaucfabs mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf& 2 [brb cstbs vbrobeics sc adfsomcrñ ib abtcjdrèb hâs bitb cfadftrbmb cf ibsueaucfab&

pâjofb f¼ 20;

Pbrobeics

Idfjotum mc scfmbs

Oftcfsombm mc usd mc scfmbs2

Mcfsombm mc abhofds

]opds mc abhofds2

]opds mc scrvoaod turèstoad

Sfombm

hctrds

aibscs '3/

nh$nh

aibscs '=/

aibscs ':/

5

Aibscs mc ibs vbrobeics abtcjñroabs

Qof usd) sof aibso oabr) ebld) hcmod y bitd

Uutb fbaodfbi pbvohcftbmb) rutb prdvofaobiadfsdiombmb) abhofds scaufmbrods y scfmbs

Bidlbhocftd) abhpbhcftoshd) jbstrdfdhèb)abhpbhcftoshd y bidlbhocftd) scrvoaods hüitopics

Qof scrvoaods cmoioaods y sof usd turèstoad





Mobjfñstoad mc e o dm o vc rs o mbm mc i [brquc Fbaodfb i Ibfèf

@ojurb 1&?& Hbpb mc batovombmcs y scrvoaods turèstoads pdr sueaucfab cf lurosmoaaoñf mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf&

pâjofb f¼ 205




@ojurb 1&2;& Hbpb mc abtcjdrèbs mc usd turèstoad oftcfsovd) cxtcfsovd y sof usd pbrb abmb ufb mc ibs sueaucfabscf lurosmoaaoñf mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf&

pâjofb f¼ 201




Bìucfaob tur èstoab&

Cf aubftd b ib b iucfaob turèstoab) ib hoshb sc prcscftb b mds csabibs mo crcftcs& Cf prohcr

iujbr sc erofmb ib of`drhbaoñf pbrb ibs aucfabs mci pbrquc Ibfèf '@ojurb 1&22&/& Ib aucfab mc hbydr

b iucfaob cs Gub Guh) scjuomb mc Agohcguèf& Cf uf rbfjd oftcrhcmod sc cfaucftrbf abso tdmbs ibs

mchâs aucfabs) b cxacpaoñf mc Ruoiquoguc y Fbguci Hbpo) quc hucstrbf ids hcfdrcs vbidrcs mc

b iucfaob&

B fovci mc sueaucfabs) y scjüf ci prdacmohocftd yb cxpioabmd) sc ic bsojfñ b abmb sueaucfab

ufb mctcrhofbmb abtcjdrèb mc b iucfaob mc scos pdsoeics '@ojurb 1&25&/& [ucmc descrvbrsc quc cf ci

absd mc ib aucfab Gub Guh) quc crb ib mc hbydr abftombm mc vosotbftcs pdr mèb) ib mostroeuaoñf cspbaobi

mc ib b iucfaob fd cs gdhdjïfcb& Gbaob ci dcstc y cf zdfbs mc ib hbrjcf sur mci ibjd Iâabr) ibs

sueaucfabs cxgoecf b iucfaobs mc eblb b hcmob) adf ibs zdfbs fdrtc y surcstc mci hoshd ibjd adhd ibs

mc hbydr b iucfaob& Ib aucfab Agohcguèf) scjufmb cf b iucfaob) hucstrb ufb sotubaoñf buf hâsadftrbstbftc cftrc sueaucfabs) adf ib hbrjcf fdrtc mci ibjd Gucaguib`qucf adhd ib hâs vosotbmb& Ib

aucfab Aurruguï hucstrb ufb b iucfaob bitb cf scftomd cstc(dcstc) bi sur mc ids ibjds Aurruguï Agoad

y Jrbfmc& Ib aucfab Hbiicd adfacftrb ib bìucfaob gbaob ci dcstc) cf scatdrcs acrabfds bi vdiaâf

Ibfèf y sur mci ibjd ]rdhcf& Ibs aucfabs mci fdrtc mci pbrquc '[uihbrè) Uuabagdrdo) Ruoiiïf/

hucstrbf uf prcmdhofod mc sueaucfabs adf bìucfaobs eblb d fuib& Ib aucfab Gcrhdsd vc ofaiofbmb

ib abtcjdrèb mc sus sueaucfabs gbaob ids cxtrchds hbydrcs pdr ib prcscfaob mc ib Uutb mc ids

Qoctc Ibjds& Cf @oid Gub Guh) ibs sueaucfabs tocfcf bìucfaobs rcibtovbhcftc gdhdjïfcbs y

bitbs sderc tdmd cf su pdraoñf acftrbi&

[cracpaoñf mc ids ohpbatds bsdaobmds b scrvoaods y batovombmcs turèstoads&

Cf `drhb prciohofbr sc eusañ cvbiubr ci pdtcfaobi ohpbatd bsdaobmd b uf adfluftd mc scrvoaods

y batovombmcs turèstoads cf ci [brquc Ibfèf) pdr hcmod mc cfaucstbs cfvobmbs b pcrsdfbi mci pbrquc

Ibfèf& Cf ib cfaucstb sc sdioaotbeb ib dpofoñf sderc ci ohpbatd quc ids cfaucstbmds cstohbebf

pbrb ibs mostoftbs batovombmcs y scrvoaods& Ib adfsuitb bebrañ ib oftcfsombm y cxtcfsoñf mc ids ohpbatds

mc 5; scrvoaods y 51 batovombmcs) detcfocfmd uf vbidr prdhcmod pbrb abmb ufd mc ciids cf ufb csabib

mci 2 bi 2;&Ids prdhcmods detcfomds ùcrdf scpbrbmds cf aofad oftcrvbids aubiotbtovds mci ohpbatd< huy

ebld) ebld) hcmod) bitd y huy bitd ']beib 1&21&/& Cf ci jrupd mc ibs mc ohpbatd huy bitd cfadftrbhds

sdid batovombmcs) mc ibs aubics tdmbs hcfds ufb 'abebijbtbs/) sc rcbiozbf cf vcgèauids prdpuisbmds

adf hdtdr& Ucaoïf bi ofbi mci jrupd mc ohpbatd bitd bpbrcac ci prohcr scrvoaod 'abhpofj drjbfozbmd/)

hocftrbs quc ibs batovombmcs sdf mci topd cxtrbatovd 'abzb y pcsab/ d adf vcgèauids b hdtdr& Ci jrupd mc

ohpbatd hcmod cstâ rcibtovbhcftc ebibfacbmd cftrc batovombmcs y scrvoaods) so eocf ibs batovombmcs

hucstrbf vbidrcs prdhcmod mci èfmoac hbydrcs b ids mc ids scrvoaods& Ci jrupd mc ohpbatd ebld cs ojubi

mc fuhcrdsd quc ci jrupd mc ohpbatd hcmod) adf ib mo crcfaob quc prcmdhofbf aibrbhcftc ids scrvoaods

pdr sderc ibs batovombmcs) quc sdf sof hdtdr 'bfmofoshd y fbvcjbaoñf b vcib/& [dr üitohd) ci jrupd mcibs mc ohpbatd huy ebld tbheoïf sc gbiib ebibfacbmd cftrc batovombmcs y scrvoaods) prcscftbfmd

batovombmcs sof hdtdr d huy cspcaobiozbmbs 'euacd) descrvbaoñf mc `bufb) pbrbpcftc/ luftd b scrvoaods

mc cxtcfsoñf huy puftubi ']beib 1&21&/&

pâjofb f¼ 20=




@ojurb 1&22& Hbpb mc b iucfaob turèstoab cf ibs aucfabs mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf cstohbmd d abiauibmd b pbrtor mcmbtds mc cfcrd 5;;3) cxprcsbmd adhd vosotbftcs pdr mèb) cf aofad oftcrvbids mo crcftcs&

pâjofb f¼ 203




@ojurb 1&25& Hbpb mc b iucfaob turèstoab b fovci mc ibs sueaucfabs mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf) cstohbmd d abiauibmdb pbrtor mc mbtds mc cfcrd 5;;3) cxprcsbmd cf scos oftcrvbids abtcjñroads&

pâjofb f¼ 200




Ohpbatds mc ids usds turèstoads&

Ci turoshd ohpbatb b ib eodmovcrsombm hbydrhcftc b trbvïs mc 'Agrost y dtrds) 5;;1/<

× Mcsbrrdiid mc of`rbcstruaturb) ib quc jcfcrbihcftc cs ofbfaobmb y hbfclbmb b fovci

juecrfbhcftbi& Cstd ofaiuyc hdmds mc baacsd 'abhofds) scfmbs) bcrdpucrtds y trbfspdrtc/>

prdvosoñf y pdtbeoiozbaoñf mc bjub> prdmuaaoñf y mostroeuaoñf mc cfcrjèb> y sostchbs mc trbtbhocftd

mc c iucftcs&

× Adfstruaaoñf mc baoiombmcs morcatbhcftc iojbmbs bi turoshd 'iujbrcs mc bidlbhocftd y

pcrhbfcfaob) baoiombmcs jbstrdfñhoabs) acftrds adhcraobics) pucrtds y d oaofbs bmhofostrbtovbs/&

× Mcsbrrdiids ofmorcatds b pbrtor mci turoshd) tbics adhd vovocfmbs pbrb chpicbmds) idtcds

scaufmbrods pbrb vovocfmbs turèstoabs y mcsbrrdiid urebfd ofbrhñfoad&× Ofìucfaobs ofmorcatbs cf pdiètoabs cadfñhoabs y mc oftcrabheod adhcraobi y cstrbtcjobs iojbmbs

bi mcsbrrdiid turèstoad 'abheods cf prâatoabs cadfñhoabs trbmoaodfbics pdr ufb trbfsoaoñf gbaob

batovombmcs turoshd(drocftbmbs> abheods cf prâatoabs mc hbfcld pdr ib jidebiozbaoñf> abheods cf

ib ofvcrsoñf pbrb ib adfscrvbaoñf y hbfcld bheocftbi pdr abrjbs òfbfaocrbs mcrovbmbs mc

cfmcumbhocftds rcibaodfbmds bi turoshd/&

]dmbs cstbs baaodfcs tocfc c catds sderc ib eodmovcrsombm mci hoshd topd mc ids yb mcsaroptds

cf dtrds eidqucs mc cstb scaaoñf) bi mcsbrrdiibr ids ohpbatds bsdaobmds b abhofds) urebfozbaodfcs)idtcds) cta& Qo sc pocfsb cf ids c`catds mci turoshd b ufb csabib hâs jidebi) pdmchds aotbr ci ohpbatd

quc cspcaobihcftc ci trbfspdrtc bïrcd pucmc tcfcr b fovci mci abheod aiohâtoad y mc ib bitèsohb mchbfmb

mc cfcrjèb pbrb ids vucids oftcrfbaodfbics y mc abedtblc 'Jðssiofj) 5;;;/) ids aubics sc cspcrb quc

arczabf gbstb ci bòd 5;23 b ufb tbsb mc 1&?#& bòd(2 'Qaghott y Eruffcr) 2??:/& Csc arcaohocftd cf ib

mchbfmb cfcrjïtoab cs aibrbhcftc ofsdstcfoeic y ids c`catds mc ib chosoñf mc jbscs b biturbs mc 2;(

25 nh sdf huagd hâs fdaovds quc so sc c`catubscf b fovci tcrrcsrc y ibs dpaodfcs pbrb adhpcfsbr sus

c`catds sdf iohotbmbs 'Jðssiofj) 5;;;/&

Cf ci dtrd cxtrchd mc ib csabib tcfchds ids ohpbatds quc pucmcf mbrsc b csabib idabi cf ci

sostchb mc scfmbs mc uf ârcb prdtcjomb& Cftrc ids ohpbatds hâs adhufcs cstâf ci bfcjbhocftd) ci

cfsbfagbmd) ib prdùfmozbaoñf y ib crdsoñf mci sucid) ib bauhuibaoñf mc ebsurb y ib mospdsoaoñf

ofbmcaubmb mc mcscagds guhbfds 'gcacs y drofb/ b id ibrjd mc scfmbs mc idfjotum prdidfjbmb sof

scrvoaods sbfotbrods 'Icufj y Hbrodf) 2???> Aoioheurj y dtrds) 5;;;/&

Cf rcsuhcf) ids ohpbatds eod èsoads b csabib mc uf sotod d scatdr sdf ci rcsuitbmd mc fuhcrdsbs

vbrobeics& Cftrc ciibs sc ofaiuycf ci fovci mc usd) ci adhpdrtbhocftd mci turostb) ci topd mc batovombmcs

turèstoabs) ibs prâatoabs mc hbfcld y ibs ofvcrsodfcs) ibs prâatoabs mci scatdr turèstoad y su mcsbrrdiid) ci

tochpd bthds`ïroad) ib cstbaoñf mc usd) ib ueoabaoñf mci sotod usbmd y ibs abrbatcrèstoabs cmâ oabs)

jcdiñjoabs) vcjctbaodfbics y tdpdjrâ oabs 'HaAddi y Iohc) 5;;2/&

pâjofb f¼ 20:




]beib 1&21& Ubfnofj mc ohpbatds mc mostoftbs batovombmcs 'B/ y scrvoaods turèstoads 'Q/ cxostcftcs cf ci [brquc FbaodfbiIbfèf) cstohbmds b pbrtor mc cfaucstbs b pcrsdfbi mci pbrquc&

pâjofb f¼ 207

Batovombm 'B/ d scrvoaods 'Q/

Fbvcjbaoñf adhcraobi 'B/

Cxaursodfcs = x = 'B/Hdtdardss 'B/

Fbvcjbaoñf b hdtdr cf ibfagb 'B/

Gciosno 'B/

Abebijbtbs adhcraobics 'B/

L ctsno$Ebfbedbt 'B/

Abzb mcpdrtovb 'B/

[csab mcpdrtovb 'B/

Csquè bauâtoad 'B/

Abhpofj drjbfozbmd 'Q/

Hduftbof eonc 'B/

Qcfmcroshd 'B/

[bscd cf vcgèauid 'B/

Gdstcrèb 'Q/

Cxaursodfcs cf hoardeuscs 'B/

Abhpofj ioerc 'Q/

Abebòbs 'Q/

Ub tofj adhcraobi 'B/

Abhpofj cmuabtovd 'Q/

Gdstci 'Q/

Abhpofj bjrcstc 'Q/

Acftrd adhufotbrod 'Q/

Mdrhos 'Q/

Adhcmdr 'Q/

Bfmofoshd 'B/

Ucùjod pbrb abzbmdrcs 'Q/

Brcb rcarcbtovb mourfb 'Q/

Huciic 'Q/

Fbvcjbaoñf b vcib 'B/

Absb mc tï 'Q/

Acftrd mc of`drhcs 'Q/Ucùjod pbrb bfmofostbs 'Q/

Fbvcjbaoñf b rchd 'B/

Pcftb mc adhombs 'Q/

Csquè mc trbvcsèb$fñrmoad 'B/

Nodsad 'Q/

Nbyba 'B/

[brbpcftc 'B/

[rdvccmurèb 'Q/

Horbmdr 'Q/

Euacd 'B/Descrvbaoñf mc bufb 'B/

Ofmoac prdhcmod

;)30

;)30;)31

;)35

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;)=7

;)=0

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Abtcjdrèb mc ohpbatd

Huy bitd

Huy bitdHuy bitd

Huy bitd

Huy bitd

Huy bitd

Bitd

Bitd

Bitd

Bitd

Bitd

Hcmod

Hcmod

Hcmod

Hcmod

Hcmod

Hcmod

Hcmod

Hcmod

Hcmod

Hcmod

Hcmod

Ebld

Ebld

Ebld

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]cfmcfaob mc ids usds turèstoads&

_b sc hcfaodfñ quc ib b iucfaob y ci usd turèstoad bsdaobmd gbf hdstrbmd uf hbrabmd arcaohocftd

cf ids üitohds 2;(23 bòds cf ib rcjoñf fdrpbtbjñfoab) id aubi ofaiuyc bi pbrquc Ibfèf& Adfmoaodfcs mci

pbès cf jcfcrbi y mc ib zdfb cf pbrtoauibr pcrhotcf cspcrbr quc moagb tcfmcfaob abso scjurbhcftc sc

hbftcfjb bi hcfds murbftc ids prñxohds 2;(5; bòds& Cftrc ids batdrcs bvdrcacmdrcs mc ib hoshb sc

cfaucftrbf ci sciid mci fdherc [btbjdfob) adhd sofñfohd mc iujbr cxñtoad y mcsgbeotbmd> ci csacfbrod

hbardcadfñhoad quc prdhucvc ci turoshd cxtrbflcrd 'topd mc abheod/ y mcsbiocftb bi turoshd mdhïstoad

b mcspicjbr su batovombm cf ci cxtrbflcrd) tbi adhd sè daurroñ cf ib mïabmb mci ‟?; adf ib icy mc

adfvcrtoeoiombm> ci arcaohocftd mc of rbcstruaturb turèstoab> y ufb mcaosoñf pdiètoab cf ids mostoftds fovcics

mc jdeocrfd 'fbaodfbi) prdvofaobi y hufoaopbi/ mc `dhcftbr ci buhcftd mc moagb b iucfaob adhd ùcftc

jcfcrbmdrb mc movosbs&[brtc mc csb mcaosoñf pdiètoab cf ci fovci fbaodfbi sc rc iclb cf ib detcfaoñf mc ofbfaobhocftd

pdr pbrtc mc ib Qcarctbrèb mc ]uroshd mc ib Fbaoñf b trbvïs mci Ebfad Oftcrbhcroabfd mc Mcsbrrdiid

'EOM/ pbrb su ofvcrsoñf cf ci [rdjrbhb mc Hcldrb b ib Adhpctotovombm mci Qcatdr ]uroshd cf ib

Ucpüeioab Brjcftofb& Ib Bmhofostrbaoñf mc [brqucs Fbaodfbics batüb adhd uf drjbfoshd sueclcautdr

cf ci hbrad mc moagd prïstbhd 'Mcarctd 2;;1$;3/& Ci [rdjrbhb adftchpib cf ufb prohcrb `bsc

ofarchcftbr sdstcfombhcftc ib detcfaoñf mc movosbs b pbrtor mc ib batovombm turèstoab cf ci ’Adrrcmdr mc

ids Ibjds‘ '[rdvofaobs mc Fcuquïf) Agueut y Uèd Fcjrd y ids [brqucs Fbaodfbics Ibjd [ucid) Brrbybfcs)

Ibfèf) Fbguci Gubpo y Ids Bicracs/&Ids delctovds cspcaè oads mci [rdjrbhb sdf< 2/ hcldrbr ib abiombm mc ids btrbatovds turèstoads

fbturbics) auiturbics y acftrds turèstoads cf ci adrrcmdr pbrb btrbcr) rctcfcr y sbtos`bacr bi turostb> 5/

hcldrbr ids fovcics mc of`drhbaoñf sderc btrbatovds y batovombmcs turèstoabs> 1/ bpdybr ib hcldrb mci

prdmuatd turèstoad cf ids adrrcmdrcs y su adhcraobiozbaoñf cf ci hcrabmd oftcrfbaodfbi> y =/ dptohozbr ib

drjbfozbaoñf y jcstoñf mc ib bmhofostrbaoñf turèstoab b fovci fbaodfbi& B rbèz mci ùcrtc ohpuisd quc sc ic

prctcfmc mbr b ib b iucfaob turèstoab zdfbi) ci prdjrbhb prdpdfc mcsmc ci puftd mc vostb bheocftbi) mds

tbrcbs acftrbics pbrb ids pbrqucs ofscrtds cf ci adrrcmdr< b/ batubiozbr ids pibfcs mc hbfcld pbrb

bmcaubrids bi buhcftd mci fühcrd mc vosotbftcs> y 5/ mcsbrrdiibr uf sostchb mc hdfotdrcd bheocftbi

ebsbmd cf ofmoabmdrcs mc ohpbatds turèstoads& [dr id cxpucstd) rcsuitb ùfmbhcftbi jbrbftozbr quc ids

prdmuatds y ib of`drhbaoñf cibedrbmds cf ci hbrad mci prcscftc prdycatd mc mobjfñstoad mc ib

eodmovcrsombm mci pbrquc Ibfèf scbf utoiozbmds y bprdvcagbmds pdr ids cquopds cfabrjbmds mci mcsbrrdiid

mc ibs tbrcbs bftcs fdherbmbs&


Qc mbf b adftofubaoñf ufb scroc mc rcadhcfmbaodfcs jcfcrbics pbrb hofohozbr ids ohpbatdsmci turoshd sderc ib eodmovcrsombm) bmbptbmbs mc Agrost y dtrds '5;;1/<

× Chpicbr uf prdacsd mc pibfo oabaoñf pbrtoaopbtovb huitoscatdrobi pbrb mcsbrrdiibr ib cstrbtcjob

mc turoshd idabi bsè adhd uf pibf hbcstrd pbrb ci ârcb prdtcjomb) quc rc iclcf ib prcdaupbaoñf

pâjofb f¼ 20?






Cs cvomcftc quc b fovci mci vdiuhcf mc vosotbftcs quc hbfclbf ufd y dtrd topd mc turoshd) ibs

mo crcfaobs sdf beoshbics b `bvdr mci topd hâs trbmoaodfbi& Hâs buf) rbrb vcz ci cadturoshd cs cvbiubmd

sñiombhcftc cf aubftd bi ïxotd idjrbmd tbftd cf ib adfscrvbaoñf mc ib eodmovcrsombm) ib rcmuaaoñf mc ibpderczb) ci mcsbrrdiid cadfñhoad d adhd ofacftovd rcbi pbrb ib adfscrvbaoñf pdr pbrtc mc ids gbeotbftcs

idabics 'Zufmcr) 5;;;> Noss) 5;;=/& Ssubihcftc ci cadturoshd chprcfmomd pdr rcsomcftcs idabics mc

csabsds rcaursds cs ohpuisbmd pdiètoab y ofbfaocrbhcftc pdr drjbfoshds mci cstbmd) adf id aubi sc

jcfcrb uf vèfauid cf ib `drhb mc uf suesomod pbrb su ofoaod y hbftcfohocftd) socfmd ofaocrtd huagbs

vcacs ci ùturd mc ib batovombm cf buscfaob mc csc bpdrtc hdfctbrod cxtcrfd& Cstb aucstoñf cstâ

morcatbhcftc iojbmb b ib sustcftbeoiombm cadfñhoab mc ids prdycatds) ids aubics pucmcf hdstrbr movcrsds

topds mc pbrtoaopbaoñf idabi& [brb cstc topd mc batovombmcs turèstoabs adf pbrtoaopbaoñf mc gbeotbftcs

idabics) sc mbf ibs sojuocftcs rcadhcfmbaodfcs 'Zufmcr) 5;;;> Noss) 5;;=/<

× Cvbiubr sderc mostoftds absds ib sustcftbeoiombm cadfñhoab mc mostoftds hdmds mc

pbrtoaopbaoñf mc ids gbeotbftcs idabics cf ids chprcfmohocftds cadturèstoads 'aderd mc

sbibrods adhd chpicbmds mc bjcfaobs cxtcrfbs> chprcfmohocftds butñfdhds cf hbfds

mc rcsomcftcs idabics> sdaocmbmcs cftrc bjcfaobs cxtcrfbs y adhufombmcs hbpuagc/&

× Cvbiubr ib sustcftbeoiombm bheocftbi mc ids chprcfmohocftds) cf dabmd cf< b/ aubfto oabr

ci jrbmd mc sustotuaoñf mc batovombmcs cxtrbatovbs pdr batovombmcs turèstoabs b id ibrjd

mci tochpd> e/ cstohbr ib rcaupcrbaoñf mc ârcbs ebld ib of iucfaob mc ids gbeotbftcs

idabics) cf ids aubics sc gbybf rcmuaomd d ciohofbmd ibs batovombmcs prdmuatovbstrbmoaodfbics> y a/ cvbiubr ci jrbmd mc adfdaohocftd y adfaocfaob bmquoromd pdr ids turostbs

cf ci hbrad mc ibs batovombmcs cadturèstoabs cf ibs aubics pbrtoaopbf&

× Cf absd quc ibs cvbiubaodfcs sderc sustcftbeoiombm bheocftbi y cadfñhoab fd brrdlcf

rcsuitbmds quc lusto oqucf adftofubr adf csds chprcfmohocftds) cvbiubr dtrbs vèbs

bitcrfbtovbs pbrb prdhdvcr ib adfscrvbaoñf y idjrbr ci bebfmdfd pbuibtofd mc prâatoabs

mcjrbmbftcs mci bheocftc) adhd pdr clchpid ci pbjd morcatd pdr adfscrvbaoñf mc ib

eodmovcrsombm) quc pucmc rcsuitbr cf uf usd huagd hâs c oaocftc mc ids dfmds mospdfoeics

'@crrbrd y Noss) 5;;5/&

Ofvbsodfcs eodiñjoabs&

Ibs ofvbsodfcs mc pibftbs y bfohbics b sotods mc ids aubics fd sdf drojofbrods sdf adfsomcrbmbs

batubihcftc ufb mc ibs hbydrcs bhcfbzbs b ib eodmovcrsombm& Ibs cspcaocs cxñtoabs fd sdid bitcrbf

ids prdacsds cadiñjoads cf ids sostchbs quc daupbf sofd quc tbheoïf chpdercacf y gdhdjcfcozbf ib

eodmovcrsombm 'Agbpof y dtrds) 2??:/& Ib hczaib mc idrbs y `bufbs y ibs adfscaucfaobs mcrovbmbs mc

cstds fucvds cfsbheics pucmcf adfvcrtorsc cf ibs ùcrzbs ohpuisdrbs prohbrobs mc ib mofâhoab mc idscadsostchbs) ohpdfocfmd ufb jrbvc bhcfbzb b ibs adhufombmcs fbturbics y b ib eodmovcrsombm 'Adeicftz)

2??;> Idmjc) 2??1> Zbjfcr) 2??1> Hbamdfbim) 2??=> Uucsofn y dtrds) 2??3/& Ci [brquc Ibfèf fd cstâ

pâjofb f¼ 2:2




b sbivd mc cstb jrbvc bhcfbzb pbrb ibs adhufombmcs eodiñjoabs quc biecrjb& Qc prcscftb b adftofubaoñf

uf bfâiosos mc bijufbs cspcaocs cxñtoabs prcscftcs cf ci pbrquc&

@bufb cxñtoab&

Ibs cspcaocs mc `bufb cxñtoab hâs adfdaombs mci pbrquc ofaiuycf b vcrtcerbmds mc ibs aibscs

pcacs) bvcs y hbhè crds) bsè adhd ofscatds& Fd cxostc uf ofvcftbrod mctbiibmd quc fds pcrhotb sbecr

adf acrtczb quc dtrds jrupds tbxdfñhoads mc bfohbics pdmrèbf cstbr prcscftcs cf ci pbrquc& Cftrc ibs

cspcaocs soivcstrcs hâs adfdaombs y mc hâs bhpiob mostroeuaoñf sc cfaucftrbf aubtrds cspcaocs mc

sbihñfomds) ib iocerc y ci adfcld curdpcds) ci lbebiè y ci aocrvd adidrbmd& B ciid sc suhbf uf jrupd mc

soctc cspcaocs mdhïstoabs quc cf bijufds absds csabpbf bi adftrdi mci gdherc y cstbeicacf pdeibaodfcs

quc sc adhpdrtbf adhd soivcstrcs ']beib 1&2=&/& Cftrc ids ofscatds ib bvospb agbquctb bhbroiib 'Pcspuibjcrhbfoab/ cs sof mumbs ib cspcaoc hâs adfdaomb y prdebeichcftc ufd mc ids ofvcrtcerbmds mc

mostroeuaoñf hâs cxtcfmomb cf ci pbrquc&

Mcftrd mc ids pbrâhctrds quc oftcrcsb adfdacr mc ibs cspcaocs cxñtoabs sc cfaucftrbf su

cxpbfsoñf jcdjrâ oab cf supcr oaoc) su tbsb mc bvbfac b trbvïs mc aocrtds btroeutds iofcbics mci bheocftc)

su prc`crcfaob pdr scatdrcs jcdjrâ oads d bheocftcs mctcrhofbmds) sus tcfmcfaobs pdeibaodfbics) bsè

adhd ids ohpbatds quc abusbf cf ibs adhufombmcs ofvbmombs y cf ids prdacsds cadiñjoads mc ids

cadsostchbs& [brb pdmcr bfbiozbr bijufds mc cstds bspcatds sc adhpbrñ ib sotubaoñf mc cspcaocs

cxñtoabs tcrrcstrcs scicaaodfbmbs cf 2?73 adf rcspcatd b id quc sc descrvñ batubihcftc) mds

mïabmbs mcspuïs&


[brb cvbiubr ids abheods mc bijufbs mc ibs cspcaocs cxñtoabs cf ibs üitohbs mds mïabmbs) sc

trbeblñ adf cfaucstbs cstruaturbmbs quc ùcrdf rcbiozbmbs b ids jubrmbpbrqucs bsojfbmds cf ibs

mostoftbs scaaodfbics mci pbrquc Ibfèf& Csb tbrcb uc c`catubmb cf 2?73 'L & I& Añhotb) adh& pcrs&/ y cf

ci 5;;3) cf ci hbrad mc cstc prdycatd& Cf ci absd mc ids hbpbs mc mostroeuaoñf) sc trbeblñ sderc

abrtdjrb èb cf pbpci mc mostoftds scatdrcs mci pbrquc) cf ids aubics ids of`drhbftcs vdiabebf su

adfdaohocftd mc ib mostroeuaoñf mc ibs mostoftbs cspcaocs cf ebsc b descrvbaodfcs morcatbs mc bfohbics

d prcscfaob mc sojfds 'guciibs) gcacs) hbmrojucrbs) gdzbmbs) mcsadrtczbmd) csqucictds) cta&/&

[dstcrodrhcftc) ids hbpbs mc bhebs cfaucstbs ucrdf mojotbiozbmds cf jbeofctc adf ci usd mc BraPocw®

y bpdybmds cf ohâjcfcs Bstcr 'rcsdiuaoñf 23 x 23 h/ pbrb pcrhotor su bfâiosos cspbaobi y fuhïroad&

Dtrbs prcjuftbs ofaiuycrdf ib tcfmcfaob pdeibaodfbi mc ib cspcaoc y su beufmbfaob rcibtovb cf

ebsc b ib `baoiombm mc scr descrvbmb pdr ib abftombm mc ofmovomuds quc gbeotubihcftc vcèbf cf abmb

sbiomb> pbrb ciid sc usñ ufb ebsc mc aubtrd csabibs< adhüf '= d hâs clchpibrcs vostds pdr sbiomb/) rbrd'5(1 clchpibrcs/) csabsd '2 clchpibr/ y buscftc 'fofjüf clchpibr descrvbmd/& Ibs rcspucstbs mc ibs

cfaucstbs ùcrdf vdiabmbs b ufb ebsc mc mbtds pbrb su bfâiosos&

pâjofb f¼ 2:5




]beib 1&2=& Cspcaocs mc vcrtcerbmds cxñtoads soivcstrcs y mdhïstoads prcscftcs cf ci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf& 2

Cspcaoc mc prcscfaob prcsuftb pdr acrabfèb cf ib prdvofaob mci Fcuquïf& Cf jros sc ofmoabf ibs cspcaocs mdhïstoabs&

Cf ci absd pbrtoauibr mc ib iocerc curdpcb) mceomd b quc pdr cfaucstbs ib supcr oaoc sc oftcrprctñ

adhd ufb cvomcftc suecstohbaoñf mc ib sotubaoñf rcbi) sc bsojfñ ib prcscfaob mc ib iocerc b ids bheocftcs

quc sc sbec sdf utoiozbmds adf prc`crcfaob pdr cstc ibjdhdr`d& Csds bheocftcs ofaiuycf edsqucs

beocrtds mc mostoftd topd) hbtdrrbics) cstcpbs) hbiiofcs y pbstozbics y pibftbaodfcs) cftrc dtrds&

@bufb cxñtoab cf 2?73&

Ib of`drhbaoñf rcabebmb cf 2?73 ofmoab quc ibs cspcaocs cxñtoabs cstbeicaombs crbf ci aocrvd

adidrbmd) ci lbebiè curdpcd) ib iocerc curdpcb y ib admdrfoz abio drfobfb) cstb üitohb mc hbfcrb ofaopocftc&

B cstbs cspcaocs soivcstrcs sc ic suhbeb ci pcrrd adhd cspcaoc mdhïstoab adf ufb bhpiob mostroeuaoñf&

Qo eocf fd sc adfsuitñ cf ib cfaucstb) scjurbhcftc dtrbs cspcaocs adhd ci jbtd mdhïstoad tbheoïf

crbf ohpdrtbftcs cf csc hdhcftd& Qc adfsuitñ bacrab mci adfcld curdpcd y ci jbfbmd vbaufdbsoivcstrbmd sof rcaoeor rcspucstbs adf rcibaoñf b csbs cspcaocs& Cf ci absd mci adfcld pdrquc buf fd

gbeèb iicjbmd b ofvbmor ci pbrquc&

pâjofb f¼ 2:1

Cspcaoc

[cacs

Qbihd sbibr

Qbihd truttb

Dfadrgyfagus hynoss

Qbivciofus `dftofbios

Bvcs

Abiiopcpib abio`drfoab

Jbiius jbiius

Adiuheb iovob

[bsscr mdhcstoaus

Hbhè crds

Ubttus rbttus

Ubttus fdrvcjoaus

Hus husauius

Icpus curdpbcus

Dryatdibjus aufoauius

Abfos `bhoiobros

@cios abtus

Hustcib vosdf

Qus sard`b

Acrvus cibpgus

Abprb oecx 2

Eds tburus

Abprb gorausDvos brocs

Cquus abebiius

Fdherc adhüf

Qbihñf cfacrrbmd

]ruagb hbrrñf ]ruagb brad oros

]ruagb mc brrdyd

Admdrfoz abio drfob

Jbiiofb mdhïstoab

[bidhb abscrb

Jdrroñf

Ubtb fcjrb

Ubtb fdrucjb

Ibuagb mdhïstoab

Iocerc curdpcb

Adfcld curdpcd

[crrd mdhïstoad

Jbtd mdhïstoad

Posñf bhcroabfd

L bebiè

Aocrvd adidrbmd

Aberb èecx

Pbab mdhïstoab

Aberb mdhïstoabDvclb mdhïstoab

Abebiid

@bhoiob

Qbihdfombc

QbihdfombcQbihdfombc

Qbihdfombc

Dmdftdpgdrombc

[gbsobfombc

Adiuheombc

[idacombc

Hurombc

Hurombc

Hurombc

Icpdrombc

Icpdrombc

Abfombc

@ciombc

Hustciombc

Quombc

Acrvombc

Edvombc

Edvombc

EdvombcEdvombc

Cquombc




Ib supcr oaoc tdtbi daupbmb pdr bi hcfds ufb cspcaoc cxñtoab ùc mc abso 51;;;; gcatârcbs) cs

mcaor uf 0;# mci pbrquc Ibfèf& Ciid ofaiuyc ibs supcr oaocs cstohbmbs pbrb aocrvd adidrbmd) lbebiè

curdpcd) pcrrd mdhïstoad y admdrfoz abio`drfobfb) cf ebsc b ids hbpbs jcfcrbmds murbftc ibs cfaucstbs)suhbmd b ib supcr oaoc daupbmb pdr ib iocerc) cstohbmb cf ebsc b ibs ufombmcs mc vcjctbaoñf utoiozbmbs

pdr csb cspcaoc& Ib cspcaoc adf ci hbydr pdracftblc mc daupbaoñf ùc ib iocerc curdpcb) scjuomb pdr

ci aocrvd adidrbmd y ci pcrrd) y iucjd ci lbebiè ']beib 1&23&/& Cf 2?73 ib admdrfoz abio drfobfb daupbeb

hcfds mc 5;; gcatârcbs acrab mc ib ufoñf mc ids ibjds [bohüf y Gucaguib`qucf) bufquc fd pucmc

mcsabrtbrsc quc trbtâfmdsc mc ufb ofvbsoñf ofaopocftc) gbyb pbsbmd mcsbpcraoeomb cf dtrds sotods mci

pbrquc& Mc tdmds hdmds fd cxostc ufb mdauhcftbaoñf adhpictb mc añhd cvdiuaodfñ ib ofvbsoñf mc ib

admdrfoz cf ci adfd sur) cf pbrtoauibr cf fucstrd pbès& Cstb bvc gberèb somd oftrdmuaomb cf hâs mc ufb

dpdrtufombm cf Agoic cf ibs Ucjodfcs OP y P cf 270= y 2772(2775 'L bnsoa) 2??7/) y mcsmc csc pbès

gberèb aruzbmd b ib Brjcftofb pdr pbsds adrmoiicrbfds) prdebeichcftc pdr hâs mc ufb vèb mc ofjrcsd&

Cf ci absd mc ibs rcstbftcs cspcaocs soivcstrcs) ci aocrvd) ci lbebiè y ib iocerc) sc trbtb mc

oftrdmuaaodfcs adf prdidfjbmd tochpd mc rcsomcfaob cf ib rcjoñf& Ci aocrvd adidrbmd y ci lbebiè ùcrdf

oftrdmuaomds cftrc 2?2:(2?55 cf ib cstbfaob Adiiüf Añ) vcaofb bi pbrquc Ibfèf) acrab mc L ufèf mc ids

Bfmcs 'L bnsoa y dtrds) 5;;5/& Ib iocerc curdpcb gberèb somd oftrdmuaomb bi hcfds cf trcs puftds mo crcftcs

mc Brjcftofb) ib prohcrb cf Qbftb @c cf 2777) ib scjufmb acrab mc ]bfmoi cf 27?: y ib tcracrb cf ci

surdcstc mc Qbftb Aruz cf 2?1;) bufquc tbheoïf uc oftrdmuaomb cf ci sur mc Agoic 'Jrojcrb y Ubpdpdrt)

2?71/& Mc baucrmd b csds butdrcs) ib ofvbsoñf cf ib [btbjdfob brjcftofb prdvcfmrèb mc ib oftrdmuaaoñf

cf ci vcaofd pbès) bufquc mceomd b ib ueoabaoñf acftrd dcstc mc ib prdvofaob mci Fcuquïf y mci pbrquc

Ibfèf cs mo èaoi bscjurbr mc quc drojcf sdf ibs iocercs quc puceibf cstds bheocftcs& Mceomd bi prdidfjbmd

tochpd mc rcsomcfaob mc cstbs trcs cspcaocs cf ib zdfb) ib daupbaoñf mc mctcrhofbmds scatdrcs mci

pbrquc decmcac profaopbihcftc b aucstodfcs mc prc`crcfaob mc gâeotbt) d`crtb mc biohcftd y prcscfaob

mc prcmbmdrcs) yb quc sc bsuhc quc gbf tcfomd ci tochpd su oaocftc pbrb mospcrsbrsc cf ibs mostoftbs

aucfabs mci pbrquc&

]beib 1&23& Qupcr oaocs mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf daupbmbs pdr mo crcftcs cspcaocs cxñtoabs cf 2?73 y 5;;3 cxprcsbmbscf gcatârcbs& Ci vbidr cftrc pbrïftcsos rcprcscftb ci pdracftblc mc ib supcr oaoc tcrrcstrc mci pbrquc& ]bheoïf scofmoab ib vbrobaoñf cf gcatârcbs cftrc bheds pcrèdmds y ci pdracftblc mc ofarchcftd quc rcprcscftb& 2 Ids vbidrcsprcscftbmds pbrb iocerc curdpcb adrrcspdfmcf b ufb cstohbaoñf mc baucrmd b ib prcsufaoñf mc daupbaoñf mc aocrtbsufombmcs mc vcjctbaoñf cf ci pbrquc& FB< fd sc bpioab ci aâiauid d ib cstohbaoñf&

pâjofb f¼ 2:=

Cspcaoc

Aocrvd adidrbmd

L bebiè curdpcd

Iocerc curdpcb 2

Admdrfoz abio drfobfb

[crrd

Adfcld curdpcd

Posñf bhcroabfd

Agbquctb bhbroiib

2?73 '#/

?1?22 '53/

=2?7: '22/

210;;0 '10/

27= ';);3/

75?== '52/

(

(

(

5;;3 '#/

25=3?0 '11/

2;7?22 '5?/

210;;0 '10/

550?7 '0/

71?;? '55/

27=:7 '3/

21:2? '=/

51;?;1 '02/

Mo`crcfaob

1;073

00?5=

FB

5532=

?03

FB

FB

FB

Pbrobaoñf '#/

11

23?

FB

25510

2

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@bufb cxñtoab cf 5;;3&

Ci abheod hâs mrâstoad cf ids üitohds 5; bòds pbrb ibs cspcaocs mc `bufb cxñtoab ùc ib

ofadrpdrbaoñf mc fucvbs ofvbsdrbs adhd ci adfcld curdpcd) ci vosñf bhcroabfd y ib agbquctb bhbroiib)ib adfsdiombaoñf mc ib ofvbsoñf mc ib admdrfoz abio drfobfb) y ci buhcftd cf supcr oaoc mci ârcb daupbmb

pdr ci aocrvd adidrbmd y ci lbebiè curdpcd ']beib 1&23/& Ci adfcld curdpcd prdvofd mci fdrtc mc ib

prdvofaob mc Fcuquïf) mcsmc mdfmc uc mcspibzâfmdsc gbstb biabfzbr ci pbrquc Ibfèf cf 2?7? '@ufcs)

2??0/& Adftrbrobhcftc) ci vosñf bhcroabfd ofjrcsñ mcsmc ci sur) b pbrtor mc csabpcs baaomcftbics y

ioecrbaodfcs mc arobmcrds quc acsbrdf sus batovombmcs cf ib prdvofaob mc Agueut cf ibs mïabmbs mci

‟3;) ‟0; y ‟:; '[bjfdfo y dtrds) 2?70/& Qu iicjbmb bi pbrquc Ibfèf sc cstohb quc sc prdmuld bircmcmdr

mc 2??=& [dr üitohd) ib agbquctb bhbroiib cs uf gohcfñptcrd sdaobi quc aruzñ mcsmc Agoic cf ci fdrtc

mc ib prdvofaob mci Fcuquïf acrab mc Agds Hbibi y quc ùc mctcatbmb pdr prohcrb vcz cf csb zdfb b

adhocfzds mc ids ‟7; 'Zoiiofn) 2?7;/& Qu iicjbmb bi pbrquc Ibfèf cf 2?73 pucmc gbecrsc prdmuaomd

tbftd cf morcaaoñf fdrtc(sur mcsmc ci `dad hcfaodfbmd) bsè adhd pdr aruacs dcstc(cstc mcsmc Agoic

pdr pbsds adrmoiicrbfds rcibtovbhcftc eblds&

Bfâi oso s mc tcfmcfaobs mc cspcaocs scicaaodfbmbs&

Aocrvd adidrbmd&

[brb ci absd mci aocrvd adidrbmd) cf 2?73 ib supcr oaoc daupbmb crb mc uf 53# mc ib supcr oaoc

tcrrcstrc mci pbrquc '@ojurb 1&21& y tbeib 1&23&/& Ibs aucfabs hâs b`catbmbs crbf Fbguci Hbpo) Hbiicd)

Agohcguèf) Ruoiquoguc) Gcrhdsd) Hcioquofb y @oid Gubguh& Ib tcfmcfaob pdeibaodfbi ùc adfsomcrbmb

mcaiofbftc pbrb hâs mci 3;# mc ib supcr oaoc ofvdiuarbmb cf ibs rcspucstbs) hocftrbs quc acrab mc uf

tcraod mc ib supcr oaoc sc adfsomcrñ cstbeic y fd gued absds mc tcfmcfaob arcaocftc '@ojurb 1&23&/& Cf

aubftd b su beufmbfaob rcibtovb) ùc adfsomcrbmd adhüf cf bijd hâs mci 0;# mci ârcb daupbmb) rbrd

cf uf 2;# y csabsd cf uf 25#&

Cf ci 5;;3 ci aocrvd hdstrñ uf buhcftd cvomcftc cf aubftd b ib supcr oaoc daupbmb cf ci

pbrquc) cstohbmd cf pdad hâs mci 1;# mc ib supcr oaoc ofvbmomb cf 2?73 '@ojurb 1&2=&/& Csc buhcftd

ùc adofaomcftc adf id rcjostrbmd cf ârcbs vcaofbs bi pbrquc cf lurosmoaaoñf mc ib prdvofaob mc Fcuquïf)

cf bheocftcs hâs cstcpbrods mc hcfdr prcaopotbaoñf 'Qbfagcz y @ufcs) 5;;1/& Ibs aucfabs adf idshbydrcs buhcftds cf supcr oaoc daupbmb ùcrdf Agohcguèf) Aurruguï) Gub Guh y Ruoiiïf ']beib

1&20& y ojurb 1&2=&/& Cf aubftd b tcfmcfaobs) uf 20# mci ârcb uc adfsomcrbmb cf buhcftd) uf ==# cf

mcaiofbaoñf y uf 1;# cstbeic '@ojurb 1&23&/& Ib beufmbfaob rcibtovb ùc mc ofomb adhd adhüf cf ci

0:# mc ib supcr oaoc y csabsd cf uf 51#) sof quc sc gbyb abio oabmd adhd rbrd cf bijufd mc sus

pbragcs mc mostroeuaoñf&

L bebiè curdpcd&

Ci lbebiè daupbeb cf 2?73 uf 22# mc ib supcr oaoc tcrrcstrc mci pbrquc '@ojurb 1&20&/& ]rcsaubrtbs pbrtcs mc csb supcr oaoc cxgoeèbf ufb tcfmcfaob cstbeic) fd gued absds mc tcfmcfaob arcaocftc

y bijd hâs mci 2;# sc abio oañ adhd cstbeic '@ojurb 1&23&/& Qu beufmbfaob rcibtovb cf csc cftdfacs

ùc adfsomcrbmb adhüf cf ci 22# mci ârcb ofvbmomb) rbrd cf ci 57# y csabsd cf ci 33# mc ib zdfb

pâjofb f¼ 2:3




adidfozbmb& Qc gbiibeb prcscftc cf abso tdmbs ibs aucfabs) adf hbydr ârcb daupbmb cf ibs aucfabs

@oid Gubguh) Agohcguèf y Gub Guh ']beib 1&2:&/&

Cf 5;;3 sc pcraoeoñ uf mrbhâtoad buhcftd mc abso ci 20;# mci ârcb ofvbmomb pdr lbebiè adf

rcibaoñf b mds mïabmbs btrâs ']beib 1&23& y ojurb 1&2:&/& Bi ojubi quc id hcfaodfbmd pbrb ci aocrvd

adidrbmd) csc buhcftd tbheoïf sc rcjostrd cf lurosmoaaoñf prdvofaobi) pdr ùcrb mci pbrquc 'Qbfagcz y

@ufcs) 5;;1/& Adf ib üfoab cxacpaoñf mc Uuabagdrdo) prâatoabhcftc tdmbs ibs mchâs aucfabs rcjostrbrdf

buhcftds cf ci ârcb daupbmb) so eocf ids hbydrcs ofarchcftds cf abftombm mc gcatârcbs daurrocrdf

cf ibs aucfabs Agohcguèf) Ruoiquoguc) Aurruguï y Gub Guh ']beib 1&2:&/& Ibs tcfmcfaobs pdeibaodfbics

ùcrdf cvbiubmbs adhd cf buhcftd cf ci 21#) cstbeic cf ci 0=# y mcaiofbftc cf ci 25# mci ârcb

daupbmb& Ib beufmbfaob rcibtovb tbheoïf su roñ abheods fdtdrods< ùc adhüf cf ci =0#) rbrd cf ci 1#

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pâjofb f¼ 272






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pâjofb f¼ 271




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pâjofb f¼ 273




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Hbhhbidjy 0=< 201‑200&

pâjofb f¼ 2?2




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pâjofb f¼ 2?5




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mci Adhbfcld cftrc ibs Adhufombmcs Hbpuagc y ci

[brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf& Ârcb mc Adhbfcld adf

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L & D‟Idujgiof 'adhps&/& Adf`crcfac df woimcrfcss

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ibfm usc) bfm ibfmsabpc adftcxt df pbttcrfs d biocf

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70< ?:‑2;=&

pâjofb f¼ 2?1




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[rdvofaob mci Fcuquïf&

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bfm Hbfbjchcft 2;7< 5:‑=;&

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pâjofb f¼ 2?=




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1?< 53‑10&

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pâjofb f¼ 2?3




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pâjofb f¼ 2?0




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hbpbs mc bptotum mc gâeotbt pbrb mds cspcaocs prdpucstbs adhd mc vbidr cspcaobi) ci jbtd guoòb)

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vbrobeics fcjbtovbs pbrb abmb ufb mc ibs ufombmcs mc trbebld&

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pâjofb f¼ 2?:




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pâjofb f¼ 2?7

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pâjofb f¼ 2??




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pâjofb f¼ 5;;




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'rdld/ y eucfd 'bhbroiid/) scjüf ci hdmcid chpicbmd pbrb ci jbtd guoòb&

pâjofb f¼ 5;2




Cf jcfcrbi ibs zdfbs adf ci hcldr gâeotbt sc adfacftrbrdf cf zdfbs eblbs sderc vbiics mc ibjds

d rèds) y cf zdfbs adf usds adfsomcrbmds adhd mc rcibtovd ebld ohpbatd '@ojurbs =&2&) =&5& y =&1&/&

Cftrc ibs mds abtcjdrèbs adf hcldr bptotum mc gâeotbt sc biabfzb ufb supcròaoc bijd hbydr b ib hotbm

mc ib supcròaoc tcrrcstrc mci pbrquc ']beib =&5&/&

Qo c`catubhds ci bfâiosos pdr aucfabs) vchds quc cf prdhcmod ibs hoshbs tocfcf uf 2:# y uf

13# mc gâeotbt huy eucfd y eucfd rcspcatovbhcftc& Ibs aucfabs adf ibs hbydrcs supcròaocs mc

gâeotbt huy eucfd sdf Gub Guh) Agohcguèf y Ruoiiïf) y ibs quc pdsccf ib hbydr supcròaoc mc gâeotbt

eucfd sdf ibs aucfabs Agohcguèf) Ruoiiïf) Gub Guh) Hbiicd y Ruoiquoguc ']beib =&1&/&

]beib =&5& Aibsoòabaoñf mc gâeotbts scjüf su mostoftb bptotum pbrb ci jbtd guoòb) cxprcsbfmd ib supcròaoc cf gcatârcbs

y cftrc pbrïftcsos ci pdracftblc quc rcprcscftb pbrb ci tdtbi mc ib supcròaoc tcrrcstrc mci pbrquc&

]beib =&1& Bfâiosos pdr aucfabs mc ib bptotum mci gâeotbt pbrb ci jbtd guoòb cf ci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf& Qc cxprcsb

ib supcròaoc cf gcatârcbs y ci pdracftblc quc rcprcscftb pbrb ib supcròaoc tcrrcstrc mc abmb aucfab&

pâjofb f¼ 5;5

Bptotum mc gâeotbt

Huy eucfd

Eucfd

Hbid

Fd bptd

Qupcròaoc 'gb&/

:1:7: '2?/

2572:; '1=/

2??;: '3/

23:00: '=5/

Gâeotbt

Aucfabs

[uihbrè

Uuabagdrdo

Ruoiiïf

[oago Icuù

Fbguci Hbpo

Hbiicd

Agohcguèf

Aurruguï

Ruoiquoguc

Gub Guh

Gcrhdsd

Hcioquofb

@oid Gub Guh[rdhcmod

Qupcròaoc

2;30

(

25777

(

(

37;=

2=??7

:2;

773:

523:2

5353

027

=:0;

#

2;

(

5:

(

(

27

27

=

51

12

20

3

2?2:

Huy eucfd

Qupcròaoc

=;75

1:==

5500?

057

=711

2=1:?

51177

31;2

25:27

55531

=3;2

12;2

13:0

#

17

50

=:

3:

=;

=0

57

15

11

15

57

50

5013

Eucfd

Qupcròaoc

:1=

5=52

2:53

(

2:21

2=33

2023

:10

752

=122

5?;2

1=?

225:

#

:

2:

=

(

2=

3

5

=

5

0

27

1

3:

Hbid

Qupcròaoc

=:=2

75;3

22252

=71

3=5:

?770

=1332

?7?5

20515

522:0

0133

7;2?

2537;

#

=3

3:

51

=1

=3

12

35

3?

=5

12

1?

00

3;=3

Fd bptd




Guchui&

Ci guchui sc bedrmñ mc hbfcrb sohoibr bi jbtd guoòb) adf ib sbivcmbm quc cstc clcraoaod vocfc

rcbiozâfmdsc cf ci âheotd mc uf jrupd eo(fbaodfbi mc prd`csodfbics quc trbeblbf adf ib cspcaoc cf

Agoic y Brjcftofb 'B& Poib) ZAQ) adh& pcrs&/& Cf cstc absd) ci pbrquc Ibfèf sc badpiñ bi clcraoaod mc

hdmciblc mci gâeotbt bprdvcagbfmd ib dpdrtufombm mci prdycatd mc mobjfñstoad mc eodmovcrsombm& Ib

pbrtoauibrombm cs quc ci bfâiosos sc rcbiozñ cf drhb cstbaodfbi pbrb ofvocrfd) adhd cstbaoñf hâs rcstroatovb

y vcrbfd) adhd hcfds rcstroatovb ']beib =&=&/& Qc mcòfocrdf trcs vbrobeics pbrb ci hdmcid mc gâeotbt< b/

bheocftcs) adf ùcrtc ïf`bsos cf ib vcjctbaoñf y tdhbfmd cf aucftb ib adhpdsoaoñf cspcaèòab> e/

bitotum) scpbrbmb cf fucvc abtcjdrèbs> y a/ pcfmocftc) adf scos pdsoeics oftcrvbids& Murbftc ci üitohd

]biicr mc cspcaobiostbs mc Agoic y Brjcftofb rcbiozbmd cf Lufèf mc ids Bfmcs ci 55 mc fdvocherc mc

5;;3) sc bsojfbrdf vbidrcs cftrc ; y 3 pbrb abmb abtcjdrèb) adf jubroshds mo`crcfaobics pbrb vcrbfd

c ofvocrfd ']beib =&3&/&

Csds vbidrcs ùcrdf pdstcrodrhcftc trbfs`drhbmds b ufb csabib cftrc ; y 2 pbrb su usd cf uf

sostchb mc of`drhbaoñf jcdjrâòad& Ci vbidr òfbi mc abmb scatdr bfbiozbmd surjoñ mc ib huitopioabaoñf mc

ids trcs adcòaocftcs) rcsuitbfmd cf ids sojuocftcs rbfjds mc bptotum) quc ùcrdf ojubics b ids chpicbmds

pbrb ci jbtd guoòb< b/ huy eucfd< hbydr d ojubi b ;)3:> e/ eucfd< cftrc ;)30 y ;)1?> a/ hbid< cftrc ;)17

y ;)50> y m/ fd bptd< hcfdr b ;)53&

Qc descrvb quc ib hbydr iohotbftc sc rcibaodfb adf ib mospdfoeoiombm mc gâeotbts mc abiombm

murbftc ib cstbaoñf ofvcrfbi '@ojurbs =&=&) =&3 y =&0/& Murbftc ci vcrbfd) ibs adfmoaodfcs hcfds

rcstroatovbs gbacf quc ib supcròaoc mc gâeotbt huy eucfd sc ofarchcftc hbrabmbhcftc y ib mci

gâeotbt fd bptd sc rcmuzab ']beib =&=&/&

]beib =&=& Aibsoòabaoñf mc gâeotbts scjüf su mostoftb bptotum pbrb ci guchui cf ci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf)

mosarohofbmd cf ofvocrfd y vcrbfd& Qc ofmoab ib supcròaoc cf gcatârcbs y cftrc pbrïftcsos ci pdracftblc quc

rcprcscftb pbrb ci tdtbi mci pbrquc&

pâjofb f¼ 5;1

Bptotum mc gâeotbt

Huy eucfd

Eucfd

Hbid

Fd bptd

Ofvocrfd

512?: '0/

3?10: '20/

51;72? '02/

000:; '2:/

Pcrbfd

:=151 '5;/

0?35= '27/

522:15 '30/

5==:1 '0/

Qupcròaoc '#/




]beib =&3& Pbrobeics utoiozbmbs pbrb ib jcfcrbaoñf mci hbpb mc bptotum mc gâeotbt mci guchui cf ci [brquc FbaodfbiIbfèf) mosarohofbmd cf ofvocrfd y vcrbfd& Qc ofmoabf ibs abtcjdrèbs mc abmb vbrobeic y ib vbidrbaoñf dtdrjbmb cf ufb

csabib mc ; b 3& Pbidrcs hcfdrcs rcprcscftbf ufb hcfdr bptotum y vbidrcs hâs bitds ufb hbydr bptotum&

pâjofb f¼ 5;=

Ofvocrfd

3

=

=

1

1

1

1

1

5

5

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

;

;

;

;

;

=

1

5

2

2

;

;

;

;

3

=

1

5

2

;

Abtcjdrèbs

Breustbi

Hdrrds y ebiadfcs

Edsquc mc aoprïs

Edsquc bitd mc icfjb

Edsquc mc rdeic

Edsquc mc òorc

Adsquc mc adoguc

Edsquc hoxtd mc rdeic y rbuiè

Edsquc mc brbuabrob adf icfjb

Edsquc mc rbuiè

Edsquc mc icfjb bagbpbrrbmb

[rbmd mc biturb $ Cstcpb bitdbfmofb

[cmrcrd $ @oid

Hbtdrrbi mc òorc

Edsquc mc brbuabrob adf òorc

Edsquc mc brbuabrob adf rbuiè

Edsquc mc brbuabrob

Edsquc mc brbuabrob cf hbtroz mc cstcpb

Cstcpb

Abòbvcrbi

Hbiièf

Focvc y gocid

[bstozbi cf vbiic

@drcstbaoñf adf cxñtoabs

Brcb urebfb

2;;;(253;

:3;(2;;;

253;(23;;

23;;(2:3;

Hcfds mc :3;

2:3;(5;;;

5;;;(553;

553;(53;;

Hâs mc 53;;

1; b =3

=3 ( 0;

23 ( 1;

; ( 23

0; ( :3

:3 ( 2;;

Pcrbfd

3

1

5

3

1

5

2

2

1

2

=

=

5

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

=

;

;

;

;

=

2

=

1

;

2

;

;

;

3

=

1

2

5

;

Pbrobeics

Pcjctbaoñf

Bitotum 'h&s&f&h&/

[cfmocftc 'jrbmds/

Pbidrbaoñf




@ojurb =&=& Hbpb mci scatdr fdrtc mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf ofmoabfmd ids scatdrcs aibsoòabmds adf gâeotbt huy

eucfd 'rdld/ y eucfd 'bhbroiid/) scjüf ci hdmcid chpicbmd pbrb ci guchui cf ofvocrfd&

pâjofb f¼ 5;3




@ojurb =&3& Hbpb mci scatdr acftrd mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf ofmoabfmd ids scatdrcs aibsoòabmds adf gâeotbt huy


pâjofb f¼ 5;0




@ojurb =&0& Hbpb mci scatdr sur mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf ofmoabfmd ids scatdrcs aibsoòabmds adf gâeotbt huy


pâjofb f¼ 5;:




@ojurb =&:& Hbpb mci scatdr fdrtc mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf ofmoabfmd ids scatdrcs aibsoòabmds adf gâeotbt huy

eucfd 'rdld/ y eucfd 'bhbroiid/) scjüf ci hdmcid chpicbmd pbrb ci guchui cf vcrbfd&

pâjofb f¼ 5;7




@ojurb =&7& Hbpb mci scatdr acftrd mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf ofmoabfmd ids scatdrcs aibsoòabmds adf gâeotbt huy

eucfd 'rdld/ y eucfd 'bhbroiid/) scjüf ci hdmcid chpicbmd pbrb ci guchui cf vcrbfd&

pâjofb f¼ 5;?




@ojurb =&?& Hbpb mci scatdr sur mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf ofmoabfmd ids scatdrcs aibsoòabmds adf gâeotbt huy eucfd

'rdld/ y eucfd 'bhbroiid/) scjüf ci hdmcid chpicbmd pbrb ci guchui cf vcrbfd&

pâjofb f¼ 52;




Omcftoòabaoñf mc ârcbs mc bitd vbidr mc adfscrvbaoñf


Mcsmc ib of`drhbaoñf jcfcrbmb cf cstc prdycatd) ufb mc ibs prcjuftbs b rcspdfmcr sc

rcòcrc b Áuâics sdf ibs ârcbs mc hbydr vbidr mci pbrquc b ibs aubics prcstbr cspcaobi btcfaoñf

pbrb adfscrvbribs cf ci hcldr cstbmd pdsoeic murbftc ibs prñxohbs mïabmbs4& B pbr tor mc csb

prcjuftb sc ofoaoñ ufb eüsqucmb mc pdsoeics hctdmdidjèbs mc scicaaoñf mc csbs ârcbs cf ci âheotd

mci pbrquc) tcfocfmd cf aucftb ib of`drhbaoñf mospdfoeic cf ci hbrad mc cstc prdycatd& Cftrc ids

hïtdmds hâs adhüfhcftc usbmds sc cfaucftrbf ib dpofoñf mc ids mostoftds batdrcs rcibaodfbmds

adf ci pbrquc) tbftd mc ib cs`crb dòaobi adhd provbmb) ib dpofoñf mc cxpcrtds y bijdrothds mc

scicaaoñf mc ârcbs 'Jrdvcs) 5;;1/&

Ib prohcrb adfaiusoñf ùc quc) hâs biiâ mc ibs iohotbaodfcs mc jrbf pbrtc mc ibs ebscs mc

mbtds) crb abso ohpdsoeic pcfsbr cf bijüf topd mc clcraoaod hbfubi mc scicaaoñf mc ârcbs yb quc ib

abftombm mc adheofbaodfcs pdsoeics mc vbrobeics y mc sus cstbmds id adfvcrtèb cf ufb tbrcb

vortubihcftc ohpdsoeic& Csd drocftñ ib eüsqucmb b prdjrbhbs mc adhputbaoñf moscòbmds pbrb ib

scicaaoñf mc ârcbs adf bitd vbidr mc adfscrvbaoñf ebsbmd cf bijdrothds& Ib vcftblb mc ids hïtdmds

mc scicaaoñf mc ârcbs cs quc prdvccf ufb scroc mc rcjibs moscòbmbs pbrb biabfzbr còaocftchcftc

mctcrhofbmds delctovds y adf ufb trbfspbrcfaob quc byumb b ib adftbeoiombm mci prdacsd 'Zoiiobhs)

2??7/& Mcftrd mc ids prdjrbhbs mc adhputbaoñf `batoeics mc scr chpicbmds) pcrsdfbi mci Iovofj

Ibfmsabpcs [rdjrbh '[rdjrbhb mc [bosblcs Povocftcs/ mc ZAQ adf scmc cf Fucvb _drn) bfbiozñ

ibs vcftblbs y mcsvcftblbs mc abmb prdjrbhb& @uc bsè quc ciojocrdf adhd ci hâs ofmoabmd bi

sd`twbrc HBUWBF 'N& Momocr) ZAQ) adh& pcrs&/&

Qd`twbrc HBUWBF&

HBUWBF cs ib vcrsoñf hbrofb mci prdjrbhb Q[CWBF) pcsc b id aubi ùfaodfb pcr`catbhcftc cf

bheocftcs tcrrcstrcs& HBUWBF cs uf prdjrbhb mc ioerc mostroeuaoñf auyb batubi vcrsoñf cs ib 2&7&0&

'Ebii y [dssofjgbh) 5;;;> [dssofjgbh y dtrds) 5;;;/& Cf vcrmbm) tbftd cstc prdjrbhb adhd ids mchâs

cstâf pcfsbmds adhd gcrrbhocftbs pbrb moscòbr sostchbs mc rcscrvbs) ciojocfmd scatdrcs cftrc uf

fühcrd cicvbmd mc scatdrcs abfmombtds) chpicbfmd ufb scroc mc btroeutds mc adfscrvbaoñf 'cspcaocs)

adhufombmcs) bheocftcs/ y ids adstds bsdaobmds pbrb abmb moscòd pdsoeic& Ids adstds sdf vbrobeics

quc rcmuacf ibs prdebeoiombmcs mc quc uf sotod scb cicjomd cf ci jrupd mc ârcbs b adfscrvbr& Cf csds

bfâiosos sucic cstbr ohpièaotd quc gby uf ièhotc bi tbhbòd tdtbi mci sostchb mc rcscrvbs y mceomd b ciid sc

pâjofb f¼ 522




eusab cicjor uf adfluftd mc sotods quc biabfacf ufb rcprcscftbaoñf ofaiusovb adf ci hèfohd

adstd) id quc sucic iibhbrsc ci prdeichb mc ib rcprcscftbaoñf hèfohb '[rcsscy y dtrds) 2??1>

[dssofjgbh y dtrds) 5;;;/&

HBUWBF ebsb ib eüsqucmb mc sdiuaodfcs ñptohbs cf uf prdacsd quc sc mcfdhofb ’tchpibmd

sohuibmd‘ 'sohuibtcm bffcbiofj cf ofjiïs/) yb quc sc ebsb cf ci prdacsd mc tchpibr hctbics y vomrod

'Nornpbtroan) 2?71/& Sfb vcftblb bmoaodfbi mc cstc hïtdmd cs quc) cf adhpbrbaoñf adf dtrds) tocfmc b

prdmuaor ufb scroc mc sdiuaodfcs hâs quc ufb sohpic y üfoab sdiuaoñf) b ib vcz quc tocfc cf aucftb ib

adhpdfcftc cspbaobi mci moscòd& Ci ùfaodfbhocftd eâsoad cs ci sojuocftc '[dssofjgbh y dtrds) 5;;;/<

2& Cstbeicacr ids pbrâhctrds mc ofjrcsd y ci fühcrd hâxohd mc otcrbaodfcs&

5& Jcfcrbr uf sostchb ofoaobi mc rcscrvbs adfsostcftc cf ufb scroc mc sotods cicjomds bi bzbr y

abiauibr ib ùfaoñf delctovb&

1& Cicjor bi bzbr uf sotod pbrb bjrcjbr d ciohofbr mci sostchb&

=& Cvbiubr ci abheod rcsuitbftc cf ib ùfaoñf delctovb& Qo ci rcsuitbmd cs hcfdr b uf fühcrd bi

bzbr sc bacptb ci abheod) absd adftrbrod sc rcagbzb&

3& Moshofuor ci fovci mc bacptbaoñf y rcpctor ids pbsds 1(3 pbrb ci fühcrd cstbeicaomd mc otcrbaodfcs&

[brb usbr ci sd`twbrc HBUWBF cf adflufaoñf adf BraPocw 1&5® sc aucftb adf ufb cxtcfsoñf

mcfdhofbmb AIS\ 'Adfscrvbtodf Ibfm(Ssc \dfofj> Qhotg) 5;;=/) ib aubi pcrhotc ib pibfoòabaoñf

pbrb ib adfscrvbaoñf cf pbftbiib y tbheoïf cs ufb oftcr`bsc bhojbeic adf HBUWBF& [brb utoiozbr

HBUWBF sc bmbptbrdf ids delctovds mci hïtdmd& Cf vcz mc scicaaodfbr sotods pbrb uf sostchb mc

rcscrvbs) sc prdacmoñ b cicjor sotods mci pbrquc adfsomcrbmds adhd prodrotbrods mcsmc ci puftd mc

vostb mc ib adfscrvbaoñf& [brb ciid sc mcòfoñ adhd ufombm mc sotod b ib sueaucfab) quc cf cstc

absd tdtbiozbebf 22? sueaucfabs mo`crcftcs& Ids btroeutds mc adfscrvbaoñf pucmcf cxprcsbrsc cf

ci `drhbtd mc prcscfaob(buscfaob d eocf adhd ib supcròaoc mc ufb mctcrhofbmb adhufombm dbheocftc '[dssofjgbh y dtrds) 5;;;/&

Csacfbrods prdpucstds&

Adf ci delctd mc pdfcr b pruceb ci sd`twbrc cf ib cicaaoñf mc ârcbs arètoabs cf ci [brquc

Fbaodfbi Ibfèf) sc mcòfocrdf trcs csacfbrods quc ofaiuycrdf mostoftds adfluftds mc btroeutds mc

adfscrvbaoñf bsè adhd mc adstds pbrb abmb ufb mc ibs sueaucfabs mci pbrquc& Ci eibfad mc

adfscrvbaoñf pbrb ids btroeutds ùc òlbmd cf ci 3;# mc ib supcròaoc tdtbi& Ids adstds ùcrdf

pâjofb f¼ 525




trbfs`drhbmds b ufb csabib mc ; b 2;;) adfsomcrbfmd adhd 2;; b ib sueaucfab adf ci hbydr vbidr

besdiutd mc ib vbrobeic fcjbtovb adfsomcrbmb 'O& Ebii) Bustrbiobf Bftbratoa Movosodf) adh& pcrs&/& B su vcz

ibs vbrobeics mc adstds ùcrdf utoiozbmbs cf mds sue(csacfbrods& Cf ufd mc ciids ids adstds ùcrdf

adfsomcrbmds adf sus vbidrcs sof fofjufb pdfmcrbaoñf& Cf ci dtrd sue(csacfbrod) ids adstds ùcrdf

pdfmcrbmds& [brb abmb vbrobeic mc adstd ci vbidr mc pdfmcrbaoñf chpicbmd sc ofmoab cftrc pbrïftcsos&

Ib of`drhbaoñf utoiozbmb pbrb ids adstds mc mcfsombm mc abhofds y mc vovocfmbs pbrb abmb sueaucfab

sc hucstrb cf ibs òjurbs =&2;& y =&22& Ids csacfbrods ùcrdf ids sojuocftcs<

Csacfbrod 2<

Btroeutds mc adfscrvbaoñf<

× Gcatârcbs mc gâeotbt pdtcfaobi huy eucfd pbrb guchui&

× Gcatârcbs mc gâeotbt pdtcfaobi huy eucfd pbrb jbtd guoòb&

× Gcatârcbs mc bheocftcs roecrcòds 'cxaiuycfmd brrdyds tchpdrbrods y aursds mc bjub

sof abtcjdrozbr/&

× Gcatârcbs mc bheocftcs ibaustrcs&

× Gcatârcbs daupbmbs pdr ids 2= mostrotds cadiñjoads&

× Gcatârcbs daupbmbs pdr 1; ufombmcs mc vcjctbaoñf cicjombs mci tdtbi 'Bfcxd PO/&

Adstds 'vbrobeics fcjbtovbs/<

× Mcfsombm mc abhofds '2;/&

× Mcfsombm mc vovocfmbs '?/&

× Gcatârcbs adf usds cxtrbatovds ':/&

× Gcatârcbs daupbmbs pdr cspcaocs cxñtoabs cf adfluftd '3/&

Cxaiusodfcs<

Qc cxaiuycrdf mc ib pdsoeic scicaaoñf b ibs sojuocftcs sueaucfabs<

× Adf hâs mc 1 vovocfmbs$nh5 'ofaiuyc b ibs trcs abtcjdrèbs mc hâs bitb mcfsombm

mc vovocfmbs/&

× Adf hâs mc ;&;=: nh$nh5 mc abhofds 'ofaiuyc b ibs trcs abtcjdrèbs mc hâs bitb mcfsombm

mc abhofds/&

× Adf idtcds rcsomcfaobics&

pâjofb f¼ 521




Csacfbrod 5<


× Gcatârcbs mc bheocftcs roecrcòds 'cxaiuycfmd brrdyds tchpdrbrods y aursds mc bjub

sof abtcjdrozbr/&

× Gcatârcbs mc bheocftcs ibaustrcs&

× Gcatârcbs daupbmbs pdr ids 2= mostrotds cadiñjoads&

× Gcatârcbs daupbmbs pdr 1; ufombmcs mc vcjctbaoñf 'Bfcxd PO/&

× [rcscfaob$buscfaob mc 5: cspcaocs mc `bufb mc vbidr cspcaobi 'Bfcxd PO/&





× Gcatârcbs mc usd turèstoad oftcfsovd '1/&

Cxaiusodfcs< Qc cxaiuycrdf ibs hoshbs sueaucfabs quc cf ci csacfbrod 2&

Csacfbrod 1<


× Gcatârcbs mc gâeotbt pdtcfaobi huy eucfd pbrb guchui&

× Gcatârcbs mc gâeotbt pdtcfaobi huy eucfd pbrb jbtd guoòb&

× Gcatârcbs daupbmbs pdr ibs 2= ufombmcs cadiñjoabs&

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adf cspcaocs cxñtoabs tbheoïf cxgoec cicvbmds vbidrcs mc rcvcrsoeoiombm y scvcrombm pcrd) bi ojubi

quc ids abhofds) pdscc ufb cxojub supcròaoc jcdjrâòab y tcfmcfaob cstbeic&

[dr üitohd) cf ci jrupd mc ibs bhcfbzbs mc hbydr ohpbatd sc cfaucftrbf ibs urebfozbaodfcs)

ci turoshd y ids bfohbics cxñtoads cf csc drmcf& Ibs urebfozbaodfcs pdsccf ufb eblèsohb daupbaoñf

cf supcròaoc pcrd tocfcf vbidrcs huy bitds cf aubftd b rcvcrsoeoiombm y scvcrombm mc ids ohpbatds

y ufb tcfmcfaob hdmcrbmbhcftc arcaocftc& Ci turoshd hucstrb bhpiob adecrturb jcdjrâòab) so

eocf adf fovcics mo`crcfaobics mc oftcfsombm 'oftcfsovd y cxtcfsovd/) y pdr cfmc mc rcvcrsoeoiombm y

scvcrombm mc ids ohpbatds jcfcrbmds> su tcfmcfaob cs hbrabmbhcftc arcaocftc) tbftd b fovci

zdfbi adhd rcjodfbi) id aubi bjrbvb ib sotubaoñf mcsmc ci puftd mc vostb mc ids ohpbatds pdtcfaobics

b hcmobfd y ibrjd pibzd& Ib hbydr jrbvcmbm mc ohpbatds cstâ mbmb pdr ids bfohbics cxñtoads)

tbftd soivcstrcs adhd mdhïstoads quc pucmcf bsoivcstrbrsc y csabpbr mci adftrdi guhbfd) b

mo`crcfaob mc id quc mcecrèb cspcrbrsc mci jbfbmd& Cstb cs ib bhcfbzb hâs cxtcfmomb

jcdjrâòabhcftc) adf uf hbrabmd ofarchcftd cf ib supcròaoc daupbmb y adf bpbroaoñf mc fucvbs

cspcaocs y vbidrcs oftcrhcmods d bitds cf rcvcrsoeoiombm y scvcrombm& Sfb aucstoñf bmoaodfbi quc

tdrfb buf hâs jrbvc b cstb bhcfbzb cs ib moòauitbm pbrb su adftrdi) id aubi ohpioab quc cs

pbrtoauibrhcftc ibedrodsd pdmcr mctcfcr ids c`catds fcjbtovds quc clcracf ibs cspcaocs cxñtoabs

sderc ci bheocftc&

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ci arcaohocftd mcshcsurbmd quc rcjostrb ib batovombm) id aubi pucmc destbauiozbr ib bmcaubaoñf mcib fdrhbtovb y ci clcraoaod mci adftrbidr fcacsbrods pbrb hotojbr d prcvcfor ids c`catds pcrlumoaobics

sderc ib eodmovcrsombm& [csc b ciid) ci adftrdibr d rcmuaor sus c`catds ofmcscbeics cs ebstbftc hâs

`batoeic quc cf ci absd mc ibs cspcaocs mc `bufb cxñtoab&

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cxñtoabs bfohbics y ci turoshd& Ib prohcrb mceomd b su bhpiob cxtcfsoñf jcdjrâòab y scvcrombm

mc sus ohpbatds> ib scjufmb pdr su arcaohocftd mcshcmomd cf ids üitohds bòds) ci aubi pbrcaocrb

adftofubr mc csc hdmd) y su adecrturb tbheoïf bhpiob&

pâjofb f¼ 55:








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cf uf pibzd mc 5;(53 bòds) cf vortum mc ib of`drhbaoñf mospdfoeic batubihcftc& [brb ciid fds acftrbhds

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drocftbmbs b mcsbrtoauibr ibs profaopbics bhcfbzbs mci pbrquc) cf cstc absd ibs cspcaocs bfohbics

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5& Adfscrvbr hucstrbs rcprcscftbtovbs mc ids mostoftds sostchbs cadiñjoads prcscftcs)

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sp& fdvb 'ibjbrtolb mc adib bfoiibmb/) @cios juojfb 'jbtd guoòb/&

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rcbiozbrchds ci bfâiosos& Ci prohcr eidquc sc rcòcrc b ibs adhufombmcs mdhofbmbs pdr ids edsqucs mc

pâjofb f¼ 51;






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aibrbhcftc mcòfomds& Cstc fd cs ci absd adf cstbs cspcaocs pdr id aubi fd rcsuitb pdsoeic cvbiubr

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bhcfbzbs prdpucstbs cf ci pbrquc) pdmchds adfaiuor tcftbtovbhcftc quc ci delctovd mc adfscrvbr

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pâjofb f¼ 515






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pâjofb f¼ 51=






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delctovds 2 y 5 mci scatdr mc pbrquc fbaodfbi&

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pâjofb f¼ 510




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'hbfopuibaoñf/ mc ids sostchbs& Qo ciid fd ùcsc pdsoeic cftdfacs rcsuitb ufmbhcftbi trbtbr mc `drhuibr

gopñtcsos adf sus prcmoaaodfcs bsdaobmbs) cf `drhb prcvob bi bfâiosos rctrdspcatovd quc gbjbhds sderc

ib vbrobaoñf fbturbi& Ciid sochprc cs hcldr quc trbtbr mc mcsbrrdiibr gostdrobs b pdstcrodro quc eusqucf

cxpioabr adhd sc jcfcrñ ib scroc mc mbtds tchpdrbics quc descrvbhds '_daadz y dtrds) 5;;2/& Cf ci

absd mc delctovds mc hbfcld) ci hdfotdrcd jcfcrbihcftc auhpic mds ùfaodfcs quc sdf omcftoòabr ci

cstbmd mci sostchb y erofmbr of`drhbaoñf sderc ib rcspucstb mci sostchb b ibs baaodfcs mc hbfcld& Cstc

topd mc hdfotdrcd prcsupdfc quc ids delctovds mc hbfcld cstâf aibrbhcftc mcòfomds usbfmd vbrobeicsquc fd rcsuitcf bheojubs 'vcr eidquc bftcrodr mc rcvosoñf mc delctovds mc adfscrvbaoñf/& Pbrobeics fd

aubftotbtovbs tbics adhd ’sbium mci cadsostchb‘ mcecf scr cvotbmbs&

Adf rcibaoñf b quï mcechds hdfotdrcbr) jrbf pbrtc mc ib rcspucstb sc rcibaodfb adf ib prohcrb

prcjuftb mc pdrquï hdfotdrcbhds& Cf bquciids prdjrbhbs mc hdfotdrcd adf delctovds aocftèòads)

usbrchds ibs vbrobeics mc cstbmd ohpdrtbftcs pbrb ibs gopñtcsos prcvobs quc eusabf cxpioabr ci

adhpdrtbhocftd mci sostchb& [brb ci hdfotdrcd mc delctovds mc hbfcld) ci cf`dquc scrâ gbaob ci cstbmd

mci sostchb y ibs vbrobeics ofaiuombs cf ufb ùfaoñf delctovb) bsè adhd b ibs vbrobeics fcacsbrobs pbrbhdmcibr csc hbfcld '_daadz y dtrds) 5;;2/& Qo mcftrd mc fucstrds delctovds mc adfscrvbaoñf tcfchds

tbftd cichcftds mc ’òitrd jrucsd‘ adhd mc ’òitrd òfd‘ 'Fdss) 2?7:/) tbi adhd daurrc cf ci pbrquc Ibfèf

pâjofb f¼ 51:




'pdr clchpid) hucstrbs mci jrbmocftc ibtotumofbi mc cadsostchbs y pdeibaodfcs mc aocrtbs cspcaocs mc

vbidr cspcaobi/) fucstrbs vbrobeics b hdfotdrcbr mcecrâf rcìclbr csc rbfjd mc csabibs& Mcsmc yb quc

ib mcaosoñf bacrab mc quï vbrobeics scrâf hdfotdrcbmbs tcfmrâ uf c`catd morcatd sderc ci adstd mciprdjrbhb mc hdfotdrcd&

Cf auâftd b ib üitohb prcjuftb mc añhd hdfotdrcbr pdmchds mcaor quc eâsoabhcftc ci hdfotdrcd

y ib cvbiubaoñf adhpbrtcf ids mds prdeichbs acftrbics quc sc prcscftbf cf aubiquocr hucstrcd quc

eusquc cstohbr ufb mctcrhofbmb vbrobeic& Ciids sdf ib mctcatbeoiombm y ib vbrobaoñf cspbaobi 'Ibfaob y

dtrds) 2??=/& Cf cscfaob) fd cstbhds mctcatbfmd b tdmds ids delctds mc ids aubics fds oftcrcsb cstohbr

ib vbrobeic cf aucstoñf y tbhpdad cstbhds rcicvbfmd tdmb ci ârcb cf ib aubi sc cfaucftrb moagd cichcftd&

[dmchds mcaor cftdfacs quc ids profaopods jcfcrbics mci hucstrcd tbheoïf sc bpioabf bi hdfotdrcd mcib eodmovcrsombm& B su vcz) eibfads mc adfscrvbaoñf mc ’òitrd jrucsd‘ y mc ’òitrd òfd‘ mchbfmbrâf

mo`crcftcs moscòds mc hucstrcd c ofaiusd mo`crcftcs gcrrbhocftbs& [dr clchpid) cf ci absd mc ids

cichcftds mc ’òitrd jrucsd‘) ci usd mci QOJ adf ci mceomd agcqucd mc tcrrcfd cs ufb gcrrbhocftb

bprdpobmb) hocftrbs quc fd rcsuitb `batoeic chpicbrid cf ci hdfotdrcd mc pdeibaodfcs bfohbics&

Qo eocf ci usd quc sc ic gb mbmd bi hdfotdrcd y ib cvbiubaoñf cf mo`crcftcs mosaopiofbs gb somd

hâs bhpiod) cf aucstodfcs iojbmbs b adfscrvbaoñf) ci hdfotdrcd sucic usbrsc pbrb cvbiubr ci cstbtus

mc bijüf cichcftd y pbrb hcmor ib c`catovombm mc bijufb oftcrvcfaoñf 'Qtch y dtrds) 5;;3/& Ib cvbiubaoñf

pdeibaodfbi mc ufb cspcaoc bfohbi b id ibrjd mci tochpd adfstotuyc uf clchpid mci prohcr usd) hocftrbs

quc uf hbfcld mc topd bmbptbtovd mc bijufb cxpcrocfaob mc bprdvcagbhocftd `drcstbi adf hdfotdrcd

mc movcrsds adhpdfcftcs mc ib eodmovcrsombm y$d prdacsds cadiñjoads) rcprcscftb uf clchpid mci

scjufmd topd mc usd&

Eodmovcrsombm

Ci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf abrcac mc uf prdjrbhb mc hdfotdrcd mc ib eodmovcrsombm quc pcrhotb

cvbiubr `cgbaocftchcftc ci jrbmd mc auhpiohocftd mc ids delctovds mc ib ufombm mc adfscrvbaoñf& Hâs

buf) murbftc ib tbrcb mc rcadpoibaoñf mc of`drhbaoñf mcsbrrdiibmb cf ci hbrad mc cstc prdycatd) ib

of`drhbaoñf sderc eodmovcrsombm uc ib hâs pderc) tbftd cf vdiuhcf adhd cf adftofuombm& Qof chebrjd)

b fovci adhpbrbtovd) ib of`drhbaoñf mospdfoeic sderc vcjctbaoñf crb huagd hâs prdùsb quc ib quc

gbeèb pbrb ib `bufb mci pbrquc& [rdebeichcftc) detcfcr csc topd mc of`drhbaoñf scb tbheoïf ib hâs

adstdsb tbftd cf tïrhofds hdfctbrods adhd mc pcrsdfbi fcacsbrod pbrb adfscjuorib& Qc mosautcf b

adftofubaoñf bijufds bspcatds rc`cromds bi hdfotdrcd mc ib eodmovcrsombm cf ci pbrquc Ibfèf&

pâjofb f¼ 517




@idrb&

Sf prdjrbhb mc hdfotdrcd mc ìdrb y vcjctbaoñf mcecrèb ofaiuor cichcftds b mostoftbs csabibs

'[buagbrm y dtrds) 5;;;/& [dr uf ibmd) mci bhpiod iostbmd mc cspcaocs mc ìdrb prdpucstbs adhd mc

vbidr cspcaobi) sc mcecrèb scicaaodfbr uf suejrupd mc cspcaocs b scr hdfotdrcbmbs) quc scbf

rcprcscftbtovbs mc mostoftds bheocftcs d mostrotds cadiñjoads mci pbrquc& Dtrd bspcatd quc mcec mcòforsc

adf rcibaoñf bi prdjrbhb mc hdfotdrcd mc idrb y vcjctbaoñf sc vofauib adf ib pdsoeic ufombm mc hucstrcd

b scr usbmb b mostoftds fovcics& [brb ufb csabib zdfbi sc vosiuherbf bi hcfds mds pdsoeics topds mc

ufombmcs< b/ ibs aubmrèauibs '2; nh x 2; nh/ chpicbmbs cf ci [ibf Ofvcftbrod mc ib B[F cf ib mïabmb

mci ‟7;> e/ ibs 22? sueaucfabs mcòfombs cf ci hbrad mc cstc prdycatd) so eocf ibs hoshbs pdmrèbf su`ror

blustcs cf ci tcrrcfd cf aubftd b sus ièhotcs) bsè adhd ufodfcs y$d mcsbjrcjbmds mc sueaucfabs& B ufb csabib hâs rcjodfbi oftcrcsb hdfotdrcbr ib cvdiuaoñf mc ids edsqucs mdhofbmds d ad(

mdhofbmds pdr ibs cspcaocs breñrcbs delctd mc adfscrvbaoñf mci pbrquc Ibfèf) brbuabrob) rbuiè y

rdeic pciièf& Ciid pucmc gbacrsc hcmobftc ufb adheofbaoñf mci usd mc ohâjcfcs sbtciotbics mc bitb

rcsdiuaoñf d `dtdjrb`èbs bïrcbs luftd b vbiombaodfcs cf tcrrcfd quc scbf usbmbs bmchâs pbrb

abrbatcrozbr ib cstruaturb mc ids rdmbics b ufb csabib mc hbydr mctbiic&

Dtrd usd huy ohpdrtbftc mc ids pibfcs mc hdfotdrcd sc prdmuac cf ib cibedrbaoñf mc ibs ièfcbs

mc ebsc adf vostbs bi mcsbrrdiid mc of`rbcstruaturb d batovombmcs guhbfbs quc tcfjbf uf pdtcfaobi

ohpbatd sderc ib vcjctbaoñf mc ibs ârcbs prdtcjombs& [brb ciid [buagbrm y dtrds '5;;;/ prdpdfcf ufhïtdmd bpioabeic b hüitopics csabibs adf trcs ctbpbs< 2/ òsdfdhèb vcjctbi) mcrovbmb profaopbihcftc mc

scfsdrcs rchdtds) adf su adrrcspdfmocftc agcqucd cf tcrrcfd y ib jcfcrbaoñf mc hbpbs mc vcjctbaoñf>

5/ cstruaturb mc rdmbics) quc ofaiuyc cstruaturb vcrtoabi) gdrozdftbi y beufmbfaob) id quc pucmc hcmorsc

hcmobftc hucstrcd cstrbtoòabmd bi bzbr cf aubmrèauibs pcrhbfcftcs y ib cvbiubaoñf mc ib rcjcfcrbaoñf

mc ibs cspcaocs mdhofbftcs mcftrd mc aubmrèauibs hâs agoabs ueoabmbs mcftrd mc ibs bftcrodrcs> y 1/

adhpdsoaoñf) cvbiubeic hcmobftc ci hïtdmd otd(sdaodiñjoad mci UCICPÏ) aibsoòabaoñf mc adhufombmcs

hcmobftc adhpbrbaodfcs tbeuibrcs 'Huciicr(Mdhedos y Ciicfecrj) 2?:=/ y iostbs ìdrèstoabs&

[dr üitohd) ids hdfotdrcds mc vcjctbaoñf mcecf scr utoiozbmds cf `drhb hâs cspbaobmb cfci tochpd pbrb cvbiubr ci jrbmd y ib tbsb mc rcaupcrbaoñf mc bquciibs adhufombmcs vcjctbics quc

sc gbf vostd ùcrtchcftc b`catbmbs cf ci pbsbmd pdr ufb batovombm `drcstbi cxtrbatovb oftcfsb)

ofacfmods rcaurrcftcs y huagbs vcacs jbfbmcrèb cxtcfsovb) adf ids iñjoads abheods cstruaturbics

y pïrmomb mc eodhbsb& Ib adftofuombm d fd mc moagds `batdrcs mctcrhofb jrbmds mo`crcfaobics mc

rcaupcrbaoñf quc sdf vosoeics gdy) pcrd quc fcacsotbf scr cvbiubmds b oftcrvbids hâs cspbaobmds

'1(3 bòds/) adf ci delctd mc hcmor ci ohpbatd mc ids abheods cf ci hbfcld sderc ids edsqucs y

dtrbs adhufombmcs vcjctbics '@ojurb =&27&/& Hâs buf) b pbrtor mc abheods pbraobics descrvbmds)

pdmchds pbutbr adhd delctovd ci jrbmd mc rcaupcrbaoñf mcscbmd pbrb csds edsqucs y hdfotdrcbr

so ciid sc vb idjrbfmd y b quï rothd 'Fdss) 2???/&

pâjofb f¼ 51?




@bufb&

Ib `bufb adfstotuyc prdebeichcftc ufd mc ids jrupds hâs mo`èaoics mc cvbiubr y hdfotdrcbr yb

quc huagbs mc ibs cspcaocs adfsomcrbmbs mc oftcrïs mceomd b su vofauibaoñf adf ids delctovds mcadfscrvbaoñf sdf rbrbs) pdad beufmbftcs d mc gâeotds quc moòauitbf su descrvbaoñf y rcjostrd& Ciid

ofarchcftb ids prdeichbs mci hucstrcd abusbmds pdr ib mctcatbeoiombm y ib vbrobaoñf cspbaobi 'Hbancfzoc

y dtrds) 5;;3/& Ofmumbeichcftc quc mcftrd mci bhpiod adfluftd mc cspcaocs mc vbidr cspcaobi quc cf

profaopod pucmcf oftcrcsbrfds pbrb ci hdfotdrcd) tbheoïf cxostcf mo`crcfaobs cf beufmbfaob) mostroeuaoñf

jcdjrâòab) fovci mc cspcaobiozbaoñf mc gâeotbt y adfmuatb) id aubi sc rcìclb cf ci jrbmd mc moòauitbm

quc d`rcacf pbrb ci hucstrcd&

Qo descrvbhds ci iostbmd mc cspcaocs mc `bufb prdpucstbs adhd mc vbidr cspcaobi ib hbydr pbrtc mc ciibs abcrèb `âaoihcftc cf id quc pdmrèbhds mcfdhofbr cspcaocs rbrbs y quc pdr id tbftd

prcscftbf jrbf moòauitbm pbrb cstohbr sus tbhbòds pdeibaodfbics u dtrbs vbrobeics adf ids hïtdmds

mc hucstrcd trbmoaodfbics 'HbaNcfzoc y dtrds) 5;;3/& [dr csd sc sujocrc mcsbrrdiibr uf prdjrbhb mc

hdfotdrcd pbrb cspcaocs scicaaodfbmbs mc `bufb scjüf ibs sojuocftcs rcadhcfmbaodfcs<

2& Qcicaaodfbr mc ib iostb mc cspcaocs prdpucstbs uf jrupd mc cspcaocs quc pcrtcfczabf b mostoftds

tbxb y quc bmchâs scbf rcprcscftbtovbs mc ib hbydr movcrsombm mc bheocftcs pdsoeics mci

pbrquc Ibfèf&

5& Mcòfor ib ufombm mc hucstrcd pbrb ibs cspcaocs mc gâeotds tcrrcstrcs) cftrc ibs aubics pucmcf

adfsomcrbrsc bi hcfds ibs aubmrèauibs mci [ibf Ofvcftbrod mc ib B[F d ibs sueaucfabs mcòfombs

cf cstc prdycatd&

1& Ebsbr ids prdjrbhbs mc hdfotdrcd cf ib prdpdraoñf mc ufombmcs mc hucstrcd daupbmbs pdr ibs

cspcaocs eibfad 'HbaNcfzoc y dtrds) 5;;5/&

=& ]dhbr cf adfsomcrbaoñf bi cstohbr ib prdpdraoñf mc sotods daupbmds) ibs pscumds(buscfaobs

'ufombmcs cf ibs quc fd sc mctcatb b ib cspcaoc pcrd cf ibs quc cstâ prcscftc/) scjüf ci

hdmcid mc HbaNcfzoc y dtrds '5;;5/&

3& Ucbiozbr tdmds ids aâiauids mc prdpdraoñf mc sotods daupbmds hcmobftc ci prdjrbhb [UCQCFAC

mospdfoeic cf `drhb jrbtuotb 'gttp<$$www&prdtcus&ad&fz/&

0& Adfsomcrbr pbrb abmb cspcaoc ib pdsoeic ofaiusoñf mc advbrobeics tbics adhd topd mc gâeotbt d

vbrobeics hctcdrdiñjoabs adhd tchpcrbturb y prcaopotbaoñf 'Hbancfzoc y dtrds) 5;;1/&

:& Sfb vcz mcaomomd ci moscòd y ib rcaucfaob mci hdfotdrcd) abpbaotbr b ids bjcftcs mc adfscrvbaoñf

ofvdiuarbmds cf ci hucstrcd> cstb abpbaotbaoñf mcec scr rcpctomb bfubihcftc cf vortum mc ib

pdsoeic ofadrpdrbaoñf mc bjcftcs quc pumocscf mcsadfdacr ib tïafoab y tbheoïf adhd `drhb

mc mosautor y adhcftbr ids rcsuitbmds mci üitohd hucstrcd&

7& Adhd bpdyd b ib abpbaotbaoñf hcfaodfbmb mcecf cibedrbrsc ids hbfubics mc ids prdtdadids

mc hdfotdrcd mc abmb cspcaoc scicaaodfbmb&

pâjofb f¼ 5=;




@ojurb =&27& Hbpb mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf ofmoabfmd ib mostroeuaoñf mc ids scatdrcs adf mostoftd jrbmd mc

rcaupcrbaoñf adf pdstcrodrombm b ids mostureods jcfcrbmds pdr ofacfmods y ib batovombm `drcstbi gostñroab

pâjofb f¼ 5=2




Bhcfbzbs

Abheod aiohâtoad&

Ci hdfotdrcd vofauibmd bi abheod aiohâtoad jidebi pucmc c`catubrsc b oftcrvbids hâs prdidfjbmds

'1(3 bòds/) cf sotods pcrhbfcftcs mc hucstrcd) cf`dabmd b<

2 Cspcaocs breñrcbs adhd ci adoguc y ci hbotïf cf zdfbs acrabfbs b ids uherbics of`crodrcs mc

sus rcqucrohocftds gèmroads

5 Cvdiuaoñf mc ib icfjb cf ids posds of`crodrcs mc ib vcjctbaoñf mc hdftbòb cf adhpbrbaoñf adf

dtrbs cspcaocs hcsdtïrhoabs

1 Abheods mc cspcaocs breñrcbs d breustovbs cf ids scatdrcs hâs mostbftcs mci clc mc ids abuacs

mc ids sostchbs roecrcòds tchpdrbrods y pcrhbfcftcs) pcrd mc ebld abumbi

= Abheods cf ids ièhotcs mc ib mostroeuaoñf breñrcb cf ci scatdr cstc mci pbrquc

3 Abheods cf bitotum mci ’tohecriofc‘

Ssd püeioad&

Ucsuitb mo`èaoi cftcfmcr ib csabib mci usd quc ci turoshd gbac mci ârcb prdtcjomb sofd adftbhds

adf ufombmcs mc hcmomb cstâfmbr y sostchbs mc adicatb y mc hbfcld oftcjrbmd mc mbtds 'Gdrfeban y

Cbjics) 2???/ Bmchâs mci iñjoad usd quc pucmc mbrsc b eucfb of`drhbaoñf jcfcrbi cf ci hbfcld mci

pbrquc) bftc cvcftds ofusubics cf ids quc cs fcacsbrod adftbr adf mbtds sderc ci ohpbatd mc ibs

vosotbs pbrb iomobr adf cstbs sotubaodfcs ofcspcrbmbs d adf chcrjcfaobs) cstds mbtds sc vucivcf

süeotbhcftc aruaobics 'Gdrfeban y Cbjics) 2???/

Cstd tbheoïf tocfc rcicvbfaob cf ci hbfcld y prdtcaaoñf mc ids rcaursds fbturbics mci pbrquc

Ci adfdaohocftd mc ibs batovombmcs mc usd püeioad) su vdiuhcf y ueoabaoñf cs fcacsbrod pbrb cvbiubr y

prcscrvbr cadsostchbs fbturbics vobeics) ofaiuombs cspcaocs bhcfbzbmbs y cf pciojrd mc pibftbs y

bfohbics Cs huy ohpdrtbftc pbrb byumbr b hbftcfcr gâeotbts mc `bufb) prcvcfor prdeichbs mc

oftcrbaaoñf cftrc ib `bufb y ibs pcrsdfbs) prdtcjcr pbtrdfcs hojrbtdrods) sotods mc rcùjod y fomoòabaoñf

y hbftcfcr ib adecrturb vcjctbi) ci sucid y ib abiombm mci bjub mcftrd mc ids ièhotcs mcscbmds Cstb

of`drhbaoñf tbheoïf cs votbi pbrb prdtcjcr y hbftcfcr tcrrotdrods sbjrbmds d adf uf vbidr csporotubi

cspcaobi pbrb ids puceids drojofbrods) bsè adhd sotods adf vbidr gostñroad

Ci adfdaohocftd mci vdiuhcf mci usd püeioad tbheoïf pcrhotc ufb hcldr pibfoòabaoñf mc ibsdpcrbaodfcs mc hbftcfohocftd mc ids sotods püeioads tbics adhd abhpbhcftds ioercs y drjbfozbmds)

ârcbs mc poafoa) `djdfcs) abhofds y scfmbs) cstbaodfbhocftds y ârcbs mc mcsabfsd) yb quc pcrhotc

prcvcr su prcsupucstd y cibedrbr uf ardfdjrbhb mc tbrcbs Ids c`catds eusabmds adf cstd sdf rcmuaor

pâjofb f¼ 5=5




bi hâxohd ibs quclbs mc ids vosotbftcs c ofarchcftbr sus fovcics mc sbtos`baaoñf adf rcibaoñf b su

cstbmèb cf ci pbrquc

Ci hdfotdrcd mci usd püeioad tbheoïf pcrhotc quc ci pcrsdfbi mci pbrquc mctcatc) adftrdic y

adrrolb batovombmcs rcstrofjombs d oicjbics Ciid ofaiuyc abzb ùrtovb) mbòd b ib prdpocmbm) vbfmbioshd)

mcstruaaoñf d cxtrbaaoñf mc pibftbs) mospdsoaoñf mc ebsurb cf iujbrcs fd butdrozbmds y babhpcs cf

iujbrcs fd gbeoiotbmds cftrc dtrds

]cfocfmd tdmds cstbs pdsoeoiombmcs mc bpioabaoñf mc ids mbtds cf hcftc) sc erofmbf b

adftofubaoñf iofcbhocftds b tcfcr cf aucftb pbrb ci moscòd mc uf prdjrbhb mc hdfotdrcd mci usd

püeioad cf ci pbrquc<

2 Bprdvcagbr ib hâxohd ib of`drhbaoñf pdtcfaobi quc sc jcfcrb cf ibs edabs mc baacsd bi pbrquc)

mdfmc sc aderb ci mcrcagd mc ofjrcsd bi hoshd Jrbmubihcftc sc mcecrèb prdvccr b csbs

mcpcfmcfaobs mc adhputbmdrbs y prdjrbhbs quc pcrhotbf ib cftrbmb mc mbtds cf tochpd rcbi

y su pdstcrodr trbtbhocftd cstbmèstoad Ciid pdmrèb gbacrsc b pbrtor mc ib ofstbibaoñf mc ablbs

rcjostrbmdrbs adfcatbmbs b ufb adhputbmdrb mc hbfcrb quc ci rcjostrd mc mbtds sc goaocrb cf

`drhb butdhâtoab Sfb vcftblb cs quc cstc rcjostrd fd mchbfmb hbydr abftombm mc pcrsdfbi

pucs csds sotods mc baacsd yb tocfcf pcrsdfbi bsojfbmd pbrb cstbs tbrcbs Ci sohpic bjrcjbmd

mci añmojd pdstbi mci vosotbftc b ids mbtds ofjrcsbmds pcrhotc uf bfâiosos jcdjrâòad mc ibs

vosotbs 'Gdrfeban y Cbjics) 2???/

5 Qc mcec prcstbr btcfaoñf b ib pdsoeoiombm mc suecstohbr ci fovci mc vosotbs bi pbrquc yb quc ci

pbsc mc ofjrcsd b ids pbrqucs pucmc gbeoiotbr b sus pdrtbmdrcs b cftrbr fuhcrdsbs vcacs sof

quc ciid qucmc rcjostrbmd Ofaiusd gbstb pucmc gbecr bmquoromd ci pbsc cf dtrd mc ids pbrqucs

mc ib rcjoñf

1 Cf sotods mdfmc fd gbyb edabs mc aderd mc baacsd pcrd quc rcprcscftcf vèbs mc ofjrcsd

ohpdrtbftcs cf aubftd bi vdiuhcf mc vosotbftcs bi pbrquc) sc mcecrèb cvbiubr ib pdsoeoiombm mc

ofstbibr scfsdrcs butdhâtoads mc trâòad quc pcrhotbf aubftoòabr moagd hdvohocftd 'Fbtodfbi

[brn Qcrvoac) 2?77/ Ib ofstbibaoñf mc moagds ofstruhcftds mcecrèb c`catubrsc acrab mc ibs

scaaodfbics mc Jubrmbpbrqucs u dtrds cmoòaods mc hbfcrb mc rcmuaor ibs pdsoeoiombmcs mc

vbfmbioshd gbaob moagds bpbrbtds Abec hcfaodfbr quc ids scfsdrcs pucmcf sc rdtbmds

pcroñmoabhcftc cftrc mostoftds baacsds) sof scr fcacsbrod tcfcr scfsdrcs cf `drhb pcrhbfcftc

cf tdmds ids puftds Cs ohpdrtbftc cvotbr puftds mc adftcd cf mdfmc pucmb rcjostrbrsc uf

vdiuhcf mc trâòad ohpdrtbftc quc cf vcrmbm fd gbac usd mci pbrquc) tbi adhd ufb vèb quc

adfmuzab b uf pbsd oftcrfbaodfbi

= Mcsbrrdiibr tdmbs ibs tchpdrbmbs hucstrcds mc vosotbftcs hcmobftc cfaucstbs cstruaturbmbsd scho(cstruaturbmbs cf edabs mc baacsd aibvcs mci pbrquc Qo cf ib hoshb tchpdrbmb fd

pucmcf hucstrcbrsc vbrobs mc ibs pdsoeics edabs mc ofjrcsd fo aueror pbrtc mc ib vbrobaoñf

cstbaodfbi mci pcrèdmd hâs ohpdrtbftc 'vcrbfd/) moagb adecrturb mcec or idjrâfmdsc cf bòds

pâjofb f¼ 5=1




suacsovds Ids aucstodfbrods sdf morojomds b cftrcvostbmds cicjomds bi bzbr mci tdtbi mc pcrsdfbs

quc pbsbf pdr ib edab mc baacsd murbftc ci hcs mc trbebld) tbheoïf cf mèbs tdhbmds bi bzbr

Qc sujocrc scjuor ids iofcbhocftds pbrb ib tdhb mc hucstrbs mc Gdrfeban y Cbjics '2???/ Mc

scr pdsoeic cs rcadhcfmbeic aueror bi hcfds ci adhocfzd) ci hcmod y ci òfbi mc ib tchpdrbmb

cstovbi adf bijufds hucstrcds pdr cfaucstbs

3 Qo cxostocrb ufb bìucfaob ohpdrtbftc bi pbrquc cf aocrtd hdhcftd mci pcrèdmd ofvcrfbi) tbheoïf

mcecrèbf mcstofbrsc bijufds mèbs bi bzbr pbrb cftrcvostbs murbftc csc ibpsd) adf ci delctd mc

pdmcr adftbr adf mbtds mc csc dtrd poad mc vosotbftcs 'so eocf huagd hcfdr quc ci cstovbi/

0 ]crhofbr mc drjbfozbr y sostchbtozbr ib detcfaoñf pcrhbfcftc mc mbtds mc batovombmcs cspcaobics

mcsbrrdiibmbs cf ci pbrquc pdr oftcrhcmod mc ids prdvccmdrcs mc scrvoaods Ciid ofaiuyc cftrc

dtrds trcnnofj) pbscds ibaustrcs) rb`tofj) abhpbhcftoshd y abebijbtbs Bfbiozbr csb of`drhbaoñf

cf `drhb bfubi pbrb pdmcr tcfcr ufb vosoñf id hâs batubiozbmb pdsoeic mc ib hbragb mc csbs

batovombmcs cf ci pbrquc

: Mcsbrrdiibr uf sostchb mc rcjostrd mc usd mc scfmbs pcmcstrcs Sfb mc ibs `drhbs pdsoeics cs

hcmobftc ib ofstbibaoñf mc scfsdrcs ñptoads cf ibs scfmbs hâs ohpdrtbftcs 'D‟Udurnc) 2??=/

Dtrd sostchb quc pucmc ùfaodfbr cs ci mc tbrlctbs mc rcjostrd ueoabmbs bi adhocfzd mc ib

scfmb cf bijüf cxgoeomdr y adf ufb urfb cf ib aubi sc mcpdsotbf ufb vcz adhpictbmds ids

mbtds eâsoads mci usubrod

Jbfbmcrèb&

Cstc usd rcquocrc bhpiobr y prdùfmozbr ib detcfaoñf mc ids mbtds rcicvbftcs pbrb ci pbrquc

hcmobftc ci sostchb mc cfaucstbs Moagds mbtds sdf fcacsbrods pbrb mcsaroeor cf `drhb hâs prcaosb ci

hbfcld y ibs cxostcfaobs jbfbmcrbs cf prdmuatdrcs mc trcs fovcics mo`crcftcs< 2/ prdmuaaoñf mdhofbftc

mc butdadfsuhd d adf vcftb mc cxacmcftcs y eblb oftcfsoòabaoñf y csabib 'cf tïrhofds mc pdtrcrds)

supichcftds biohcftoaods) hbfclds rcprdmuatovd y sbfotbrod/> 5/ prdmuaaoñf mdhofbftc mc butdadfsuhd

d adf vcftb mc cxacmcftcs y hcmobfb oftcfsoòabaoñf y csabib 'pibftcds prdmuatovds adf hbydr tcafdidjèb

cf bijufds mc ids bspcatds hcfaodfbmds/> y 1/ prdmuaaoñf prcmdhofbftchcftc adhcraobi adf adfsuhdmc cxacmcftcs y hcmobfb b bitb tcafdidjèb 'cf pbrtoauibr vbrobs cstbfaobs/ Ib of`drhbaoñf b detcfcr

ofaiuyc ids sojuocftcs bspcatds<

2 Abftombm y adhpdsoaoñf mc ib gbaocfmb 'vbaufb) cquofb) abprofb y dvofb/ cf ibs cstbfaobs

pbrtoauibrcs y ibs Adhufombmcs hbpuagc

5 Qostchbs mc hbfcld jbfbmcrd bpioabmds pdr ibs cstbfaobs pbrtoauibrcs) [[D[ y Adhufombmcs

hbpuagc Mctbiibr so gby supichcftds mc `drrblc) sbicrds) `rcaucfaob mc rcpuftcs mci jbfbmd

1 Ardfdjrbhb y hbpcd mc hdvohocftds cstbaodfbics 'ofvcrfbmb(vcrbfbmb/ mc gbaocfmb mc ids

mostoftds prdmuatdrcs Ofmoabr ids scatdrcs mci pbrquc cf quc pcrhbfcac gbaocfmb tdmd ci bòd

y cf quc abftombm y topd

= Hbfcld rcprdmuatovd

pâjofb f¼ 5==




3 Mcstofd mc ib prdmuaaoñf bfubi

0 Hbfcld sbfotbrods y abusbs mc hdrtbiombm hâs adhufcs [cracpaoñf sderc ib mcprcmbaoñf pdr

pbrtc mc abrfèvdrds fbtovds 'puhb) zdrrd adidrbmd/

Sfb vcz quc sc gbyb abrbatcrozbmd b ids prdmuatdrcs cf ebsc b cstb of`drhbaoñf) sc mcecrâ

cstbeicacr ib `rcaucfaob y hcabfoshds mc batubiozbaoñf mc ib hoshb Bsohoshd sc mcecrâ mcaomor sderc

ci pdsoeic hdfotdrcd mc vbrobeics bheocftbics 'vcjctbaoñf) sucid/ quc cstïf iojbmbs b ids pdtcfaobics

ohpbatds mc ib batovombm jbfbmcrb) bsè adhd ib csabib cspbaobi y tchpdrbi hâs bprdpobmb pbrb su

bfâiosos Qc rcadhocfmb cspcaobihcftc ci hdfotdrcd cf sotods mci pbrquc cf mdfmc sc cstïf prdmuaocfmd

ùcrtcs rcmuaaodfcs d ofarchcftds cf ib abrjb jbfbmcrb

Cspcaocs cxñtoabs&

[brb ibs cspcaocs cxñtoabs sc mcecf adfsomcrbr mds fovcics mo`crcfaobics mc hdfotdrcd quc

rcspdfmcf b delctovds mo`crcftcs Ci prohcrd cstâ rc`cromd bi topd mc mbtds prcscftbmd cf cstc of`drhc

sderc `bufb cxñtoab) hcmobftc ci aubi sc pucmcf adhpbrbr ibs sotubaodfcs mc daupbaoñf mci pbrquc

pdr pbrtc mc ibs mostoftbs cspcaocs ofvbsdrbs Csc topd mc prdspcaaoñf fd fcacsotb mc ufb `rcaucfaob

huy cicvbmb pdr id quc oftcrvbids mc 1(3 bòds sc adfsomcrbf suòaocftcs Ib mo`crcfaob adf id quc sc

prcscftñ cf cstc of`drhc rbmoab cf quc sc mcec oftcftbr abtcjdrozbr b abmb ufb mc ibs sueaucfabs mci

pbrquc cf aubftd b ib prcscfaob d buscfaob mc ib cspcaoc adfsomcrbmb) mciofcbfmd sderc hbpbs mc ib

csabib bmcaubmb ib prcscfaob mc ibs movcrsbs cspcaocs cxñtoabs Csc topd mc mbtds mcec detcfcrsc b

pbrtor mc ids Jubrmbpbrqucs mc tcrrcfd mcstbabmds cf ibs mostoftbs scaaodfbics Ib mciohotbaoñf mc ib

supcròaoc daupbmb sc c`catüb profaopbihcftc pdr ib prcscfaob mc sojfds mc ibs cspcaocs) b vcacs

adhpichcftbmb adf descrvbaodfcs morcatbs mc ofmovomuds Qc mcec cstbeicacr uf ardfdjrbhb mc

rcicvbhocftds cf ids bòds quc sc c`catüc ci hdfotdrcd sderc tdmd mcstofbmds b bquciibs sueaucfabs

mc hâs mo`èaoi baacsd Qc mcec abpbaotbr bi pcrsdfbi cfabrjbmd cf `drhb pcrhbfcftc bacrab mc ibs

tïafoabs mc rcicvbhocftd chpicbmbs bsè adhd cf ib omcftoòabaoñf mc guciibs y sojfds mc ibs cspcaocs

Ib mciohotbaoñf mc ib mostroeuaoñf jcdjrâòab mc ibs cspcaocs sc gbrâ sderc hbpbs mc ib zdfb cf eibfad

pbrb fd ofìucfaobr adf ib of`drhbaoñf cxostcftc mc bòds bftcrodrcs) ids pdsoeics ièhotcs mc mostroeuaoñf

Ci scjufmd topd mc hdfotdrcd mc cspcaocs cxñtoabs cs mc huagb hbydr `rcaucfaob y b ufb

csabib jcdjrâòab hâs badtbmb Qc trbtb mci hdfotdrcd b rcbiozbr adhd pbrtc mc ids prdjrbhbs mc

adftrdi mc cspcaocs cxñtoabs quc mcecrèbf chpczbr b mcsbrrdiibrsc b ib hbydr ercvcmbm pdsoeic Ib

`rcaucfaob) ibs vbrobeics b hcmor y ibs zdfbs b hdfotdrcbr mcpcfmcrâf mc abmb absd cf pbrtoauibr Ibs

vbrobeics pucmcf rc`crorsc b ibs pdeibaodfcs adftrdibmbs bsè adhd b movcrsds cichcftds mc ib

eodmovcrsombm quc su`rcf ids ohpbatds mc csb cspcaoc cxñtoab Ci delctovd òfbi mc uf pibf mc adftrdi mc

ufb cspcaoc cxñtoab mcec cf`dabrsc fd b ib rcmuaaoñf mc ibs pdeibaodfcs cf sè hoshbs) sofd b scr ufb

gcrrbhocftb mc pibfoòabaoñf cstrbtïjoab quc dptohoac ib còaocfaob mc rcmuaaoñf mc sus ohpbatds 'Adwicm

y dtrds) 5;;=/ Ciid ohpioab quc eucfb pbrtc mci hdfotdrcd pucmc scr morojomd b cvbiubr csds ohpbatds

bftcs y mcspuïs mci adftrdi

pâjofb f¼ 5=3




Drjbfozbaoñf mci sostchb mc rcadpoibaoñf) bfâiosos c oftcjrbaoñf pcroñmoab mc mbtds bi Q&O&J&

Ib gcrrbhocftb ofmovomubi hâs vbiodsb chpicbmb cf cstc mobjfñstoad gb somd sof mumbs ci sostchb

mc of`drhbaoñf jcdjrâòad 'QOJ/ Fd destbftc) ib utoiombm cxgoeomb cf cstc prdycatd fd jbrbftozb quc

scjuorâ socfmd ojubi cf ib hbragb adtomobfb mc ibs batovombmcs mci pbrquc) sderc tdmd cf ci usd quc ibs

mostoftbs mcpcfmcfaobs mci pbrquc pucmbf mbric b ùturd

[brb quc ciid daurrb sc mcec ofvdiuarbr b ibs mostoftbs ârcbs mci pbrquc y cf mcòfotovb b ids

mostoftds bjcftcs cf movcrsds bspcatds mci QOJ< 2/ biohcftbaoñf hcmobftc mbtds batubiozbmds> 5/

vosubiozbaoñf mc prdmuatds cf pbftbiib c ohprcsds> 1/ usd mc csds prdmuatds pbrb ib pibfoòabaoñf mc

batovombmcs mc rutofb y pbrtoaopbaoñf cf prdycatds cspcaobics Bsohoshd sc mcec abpbaotbr bi pcrsdfbi

mci pbrquc cf ci usd mci sostchb mc of`drhbaoñf jcdjrâòab bi hcfds cf ufb hdmbiombm oftrdmuatdrob

pbrb quc pucmbf detcfcr ci hâxohd prdvcagd mci hoshd y tbheoïf vbidrbr ib ohpdrtbfaob mc su

pbrtoaopbaoñf cf ib batubiozbaoñf mc ibs ebscs mc mbtds jcdjrâòabs

Qc sujocrc quc ci hcabfoshd mc adfsuitb) rcadpoibaoñf y bfâiosos mc ib of`drhbaoñf jcfcrbmb

pdr ci QOJ scb acftrbiozbmb cf ci ârcb mc [ibfcbhocftd y Drmcfbhocftd ]crrotdrobi '[D]/ Ciid fd vb cf

mcshcmrd mc ids bfâiosos y usd cspcaèòad quc pucmbf fcacsotbr dtrbs mcpcfmcfaobs d bjcftcs mci

pbrquc Ib prohcrb ctbpb mcecrèb adfsostor cf tcrhofbr mc adhpictbr bquciibs adecrturbs tchâtoabs

quc gueocrbf qucmbmd ofadfaiusbs cf cstc prdycatd) hcmobftc ib pbrtoaopbaoñf mc ibs ârcbs d pcrsdfbs

fcacsbrobs Ib scjufmb ctbpb mcecrèb adfsostor cf of`drhbr b tdmd ci pcrsdfbi bacrab mci hbtcrobi

mospdfoeic cf ci QOJ) ofaiuycfmd pbrb abmb abpb tchâtoab ids hctbmbtds

Ids hctbmbtds sdf of`drhbaoñf bacrab mc ids mbtds cf sè hoshd) quc cf ci absd mc of`drhbaoñf

jcdcspbaobi mcecrèbf ofaiuor bi hcfds id sojuocftc< b/ ùcftc mc ids mbtds> e/ adfòbeoiombm> a/ csabib> m/

prcaosoñf) aubfmd ciid scb pdsoeic> c/ `cagb d pcrèdmd gostñroad quc auerc> `/ btroeutds adftcfomds cf ib

tbeib> j/ rcspdfsbeics mc su adhpoibaoñf d jcfcrbaoñf> y g/ bfâiosos c`catubmds gbstb ci hdhcftd Ids

hctbmbtds prcvocfcf ib pïrmomb mc mbtds y `baoiotbf ib rcvosoñf y batubiozbaoñf mc ids pibfcs cf ids quc

sc gb usbmd csb of`drhbaoñf 'Jrdvcs) 5;;1/ Cxostcf prdjrbhbs cspcaèòads quc byumbf b jcfcrbr ids

hctbmbtds pdr id quc sc rcadhocfmb su bpioabaoñf cf ci QOJ mci pbrquc Ibfèf Sfd mc csds prdjrbhbs

mospdfoeic cf `drhb jrbtuotb cs Hctbiotc 'wwwcmafts22arusjsjdv$hctbiotc/

pâjofb f¼ 5=0




IOFCBHOCF]DQ [BUB IB CIBEDUBAOÑF MC MOBJFÑQ]OADQMC EODMOPCUQOMBM CF SFOMBMCQ MC ADFQCUPBAOÑF MC IB

BMHOFOQ]UBAOÑF MC [BURSCQ FBAODFBICQ

Ib cxpcrocfaob mci prdycatd cf ci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf&

Ucsuitb cspcaobihcftc ütoi bprdvcagbr ib cxpcrocfaob detcfomb murbftc ib clcauaoñf mc cstc

prdycatd cf ci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf adf ci òf mc bfbiozbr ids baocrtds y crrdrcs cxpcrohcftbmds Mc

csc hdmd) sc cspcrb quc id badftcaomd cf cstc pbrquc pucmb scr utoiozbmd cf ecfcòaod mc cxpcrocfaobs

sohoibrcs quc sc mcsbrrdiicf cf dtrbs ufombmcs mc adfscrvbaoñf mcpcfmocftcs mc ib B[F

Adf`drhbaoñf mci cquopd mc trbebld&

Ci cquopd mc trbebld morcatbhcftc iojbmd bi prdycatd cstuvd oftcjrbmd pdr pcrsdfbi prdpod y

cxtcrfd b ib B[F Mcftrd mc ids prd`csodfbics cxtcrfds cstuvocrdf ci Morcatdr y bijufds rcspdfsbeics

mc adhpdfcftcs) tbics adhd ci mc Ssds c ohpbatds) ci mci adhpdfcftc mc bpdyd mci Qostchb mc

Of`drhbaoñf Jcdjrâòad) cf su prohcrb `bsc) y ci mci adhpdfcftc Hbpuagc murbftc ci tochpd quc ci

hoshd cstuvd pbrtoaopbfmd mci prdycatd) quc ùc bprdxohbmbhcftc gbstb ci ]biicr mc datuerc mc 5;;=

Ids rcspdfsbeics mc ids adhpdfcftcs mc @idrb y mc @bufb ùcrdf prd`csodfbics mci prdpod pbrquc

Ibfèf Dtrds prd`csodfbics cxtcrfds adftrbtbmds pdr ci prdycatd ofaiuycrdf b tïafoads ’lufodr‘ quc

trbeblbrdf cf bpdyd mc ids rcspdfsbeics mc ids adhpdfcftcs mc @idrb) @bufb y QOJ

Ci prdycatd tbheoïf òfbfaoñ ci tochpd mc trbebld mc prd`csodfbics quc yb vcfèbf socfmd

adftrbtbmds pdr ib B[F) pcrd quc mcmoabrdf ib hbydr pbrtc mc su tochpd bi prdycatd cf ci adhpdfcftc

mc Ssds c ohpbatds) murbftc eucfb pbrtc mci pcrèdmd mc rcadpoibaoñf y tbeuibaoñf mc of`drhbaoñf

Cf vortum mc ids `dfmds mospdfoeics pbrb ib adftrbtbaoñf mc prd`csodfbics cxtcrfds y mc ib

rcbiombm mc ids prd`csodfbics mc ib prdpob ofstotuaoñf quc mceèbf btcfmcr hüitopics mchbfmbs blcfbs bi

prdycatd) ib mcmoabaoñf mc tdmd ci cquopd mc trbebld sc mcòfoñ adhd mc tochpd pbraobi Postd cf

rctrdspcatovb) ciid jcfcrñ fuhcrdsbs mchdrbs cf ci auhpiohocftd mc ids pibzds y bitcrbaodfcs y ebagcscf ib mofâhoab mc trbebld) tbftd mci prdycatd cf su adfluftd adhd mc bijufds adhpdfcftcs cf pbrtoauibr)

pcrd cf mostoftds hdhcftds) scjüf ib rcbiombm pcrsdfbi y ibedrbi mc ids mostoftds oftcjrbftcs mci cquopd

pâjofb f¼ 5=:




Adhpdfcftcs&

Cstc prdycatd adftñ cf uf adhocfzd adf aubtrd adhpdfcftcs tchâtoads<

v @idrb

v @bufb

v Ssds c ohpbatds

v Hbpuagc

Cf ib `drhuibaoñf drojofbi mci prdycatd ci adhpdfcftc Hbpuagc fd cstuvd ofaiuomd) sofd quc ci

hoshd uc oftcjrbmd uf tochpd bftcs mc adhcfzbr ibs batovombmcs Ciid sc mceoñ b ib ohpdrtbftc prcscfaob

mc ibs adhufombmcs cf ci pbrquc) bsè adhd pdr adfsomcrbr quc sc prcscftbeb ib pdsoeoiombm mc oftcjrbr

ib vosoñf aocftèòad(tïafoab trbmoaodfbi luftd adf ib adshdvosoñf mci puceid hbpuagc) adf rcibaoñf b ib

eodmovcrsombm mci pbrquc) ebld ib pcrspcatovb mc bhebs horbmbs Moagd adhpdfcftc mcsbrrdiiñ tbrcbs

gbstb bprdxohbmbhcftc fdvocherc mc 5;;=) hdhcftd cf ci aubi mceomd b movcrsds `batdrcs sc

oftcrruhpoñ ib pbrtoaopbaoñf mci hoshd ]bi adhd sc hcfaodfñ cf ci prc`baod mc cstc of`drhc) csc mïòaot

sc adfsomcrb ufb bsojfbturb pcfmocftc mci prdycatd

Sf quoftd adhpdfcftc ùc ci mci Qostchb mc Of`drhbaoñf Jcdjrâòad 'QOJ/) ci quc ùc mc topd

dpcrbtovd y fd tchâtoad Ci QOJ sorvoñ mc bpdyd b tdmds ids mchâs adhpdfcftcs y ùc ufd mc ids poibrcs

hctdmdiñjoads mci prcscftc prdycatd Ib mcaosoñf mc ofstruhcftbr uf QOJ pbrb ci pbrquc Ibfèf ùc

bftcrodr bi ofoaod mci prdycatd) id aubi pcrhotoñ jbfbr bijd mc tochpd cf ci mcsbrrdiid mc aocrtbs tbrcbs

rcibaodfbmbs adf abpbs tchâtoabs eâsoabs

Ctbpbs y ardfdjrbhb mc trbebld&

Cstc prdycatd mc mobjfñstoad ùc adfaceomd drojofbihcftc adf ufb murbaoñf mc uf bòd Abso cf

ci hoshd hdhcftd mc chpczbr sc mcaomoñ quc ci tochpd fcacsbrod oeb b scr mc 23 hcscs Aubfmd

gbeèb trbfsaurromd acrab mc uf bòd mc trbebld) sc vod quc oebf b scr fcacsbrods ufds 27 hcscs 'uf

bòd y hcmod/ @ofbihcftc) ib rcbiombm y ci tochpd quc mchbfmñ ib oftcjrbaoñf mc of`drhbaoñf y rcmbaaoñf

mci of`drhc òfbi) goaocrdf quc ci prdycatd tuvocsc ufb murbaoñf tdtbi mc mds bòds Csb hbydr murbaoñf

cstuvd profaopbihcftc rcibaodfbmb adf ib mcmoabaoñf pbraobi mc ids oftcjrbftcs mci cquopd) cspcaobihcftc

mci morcatdr) tbi adhd sc cxpioañ cf ci tètuid bftcrodr

Ids prohcrds soctcs hcscs bprdxohbmbhcftc 'hbrzd(datuerc 5;;=/ ùcrdf mcstofbmds b

jcstodfcs bmhofostrbtovbs adf ib DB[F mc Cspbòb pbrb ib detcfaoñf mc ids `dfmds fcacsbrods pbrb ci

pâjofb f¼ 5=7




adhocfzd) rcòfbhocftd mc ibs prcjuftbs mci prdycatd) bvcrojubaodfcs sderc of`drhbaoñf mospdfoeic cf

ids mostoftds Mcpbrtbhcftds y cf ib MU[ mc Ebroidagc) mcòfoaoñf y cibedrbaoñf mc bijufbs mc ibs abpbs

tchâtoabs quc mceèbf jcfcrbrsc mcsmc ci QOJ) mcòfoaoñf mc ibs abtcjdrèbs mc ibs ufombmcs mc vcjctbaoñf

b mostoftbs csabibs abrtdjrâòabs) cibedrbaoñf mc prdpucstbs mc iostbmds mc cspcaocs mc ìdrb y `bufb

mc vbidr cspcaobi) bsè adhd mc sus arotcrods) detcfaoñf mc ohâjcfcs BQ]CU) cspcaobihcftc fcacsbrobs

pbrb ci cstumod mc ib vcjctbaoñf y prcpbrbaoñf y ci mcsbrrdiid mci [rohcr ]biicr mc cspcaobiostbs cf

datuerc mc 5;;=

Ib scjufmb ctbpb bebrañ 25 hcscs 'fdvocherc 5;;=(datuerc 5;;3/ c ofvdiuarñ tbrcbs mc

abhpd) bfâiosos mc of`drhbaoñf mcftrd mc ids mostoftds adhpdfcftcs y jcfcrbaoñf mc abpbs tchâtoabs

cf ci QOJ mc hbydr adhpiclombm c oftcjrbaoñf quc ibs mc ib prohcrb ctbpb ]bheoïf sc mcòfocrdf

fuhcrdsbs vbrobeics b scr cstohbmbs y bfbiozbmbs) tbftd cf id rc`crcftc b eodmovcrsombm adhd b ids

usds c ohpbatds

Ib tcracrb ctbpb mchbfmñ ufds 3 hcscs 'fdvocherc 5;;3(hbrzd 5;;0/ c ofvdiuarñ

cscfaobihcftc ci bfâiosos fuhïroad y jcdjrâòad mc of`drhbaoñf) su oftcjrbaoñf y ib rcmbaaoñf mci of`drhc

òfbi Cf moaocherc mc 5;;3 sc c`catuñ ufb prcscftbaoñf bumodvosubi mc ids cf`dqucs chpicbmds y ids

rcsuitbmds hâs mcstbabeics mci prdycatd) morojomb bi pcrsdfbi mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf

Ucadhcfmbaodfcs

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pâjofb f¼ 532




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pâjofb f¼ 535




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pâjofb f¼ 531




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ib pdiètoab `drcstbi cf ci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf

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ib Bmhofostrbaoñf mc [brqucs Fbaodfbics Zoimio`c

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5;;3 C`catds mci mostureod guhbfd sderc ci jbtd

guoòb y dtrds abrfèvdrds cf ci [brquc Fbaodfbi

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Ubquotuï tocfc ufbs ?3; gcatârcbs mc su tcrrotdrod cf prdacsd mc trbfs`crcfaob pbrb ib detcfaoñf

mci tètuid mc prdpocmbm&

Adhufombm Abyüf< sc ueoab bi fdrtc mci ibjd Iâabr) cf ib aucfab Gub Guh) cf acrabfèbs mc Qbf

Hbrtèf mc ids Bfmcs& Cf ci 5;;2 adftbeb adf ufbs 5; pdeibaodfcs y ufbs ?= pcrsdfbs& Cf 2??=)

ib pdeibaoñf mc cstb adhufombm crb mc 5? pcrsdfbs) ib hbydrèb mc cmbm bvbfzbmb) pdr id aubi sc

prdpoaobrdf chprcfmohocftds pbrb `dhcftbr ci rcjrcsd mc ids lñvcfcs bi abhpd& Ci fovci mc ofjrcsds

pdr bhoiob cstâ prâatoabhcftc mctcrhofbmd pdr ids suesomods cstbtbics mc chcrjcfaob& Aucftbf

adf uf pibf mc hbfcld `drcstbi adhufotbrod cf su `bsc òfbi y tètuid mc prdpocmbm adhufotbrob

pdr 21;; gcatârcbs&

Adhufombm Aurruguofab< cstâ mostroeuomb cf aubtrd pbrblcs< ]rdhpui) [oi [oi) Ruoib Ruofb y [byib

Hcfuad) vbrobfmd ibs batovombmcs prdmuatovbs scjüf ids pbrblcs& Cf 2??? adftbeb adf ufbs 25;

pdeibaodfcs 'vovocfmbs/) biecrjbfmd b ufbs 0;; pcrsdfbs y ufb tbsb mc arcaohocftd

pdeibaodfbi mc 5=#d bfubi& Cstb adhufombm pdscc ci tètuid mc prdpocmbm quc bebrab b ids

aubtrd pbrblcs) adf 2;3;; gcatârcbs&

pâjofb f¼ 572

Bfcxd OOO






mc pbstozbi mc jrbhèfcbs d ib cstcpb breustovb rcsuitbftc mc su mcjrbmbaoñf) mc biturb of`crodr b ;)3 h) adf

hbydr movcrsombm cspcaèòab&

Cf abòbmbs) abòbmdfcs y pibfoaocs bitbs sderc rciocvc subvchcftc dfmuibmd y dfmuibmd) adf pcfmocftcs

cftrc =# y 2;#) prcscftb ufb adecrturb mc cftrc 13# y 3;# y pucmc ofaiuor Agusqucb auicdu )jcfcrbihcftc sderc ib roecrb mc aursds mc bjub&

Cf jcfcrbi) cstc edsquc oftcjrb ufombmcs adhpiclbs adf cstcpb jrbhofdsb schoxcrñòib quc gbf rcaoeomd

uf oftcfsd usd pcaubrod adhd abhpds mc vcrbfbmb&

2&2&5& Edsqucs mc Aoprïs&

2&2&5&2& Edsqucs mc Aoprïs 'Ao/&

Edsquc beocrtd b schomcfsd mc Bustrdacmrus agoicfsos) cf ci cstrbtd breñrcd) sñid d badhpbòbmd mc

hbtdrrbi beocrtd) quc sc prcscftb sderc bìdrbhocftds rdadsds mc rciocvc beruptd y pcfmocftcs mci

drmcf mci 27#&

Jcfcrbihcftc daupbf ârcbs b`catbmbs pdr bftojuds ofacfmods) d ârcbs vcaofbs b ciibs 'pdsoeic suacsoñfscaufmbrob/

Pcjctbaoñf bsdaobmb< Idhbtob gorsutb) Adiictob spofdsossohb) Qagofus pbtbjdfoaus) Ecrecros

chpctro`diouh) Ecrecros euxo`diob) Uoecs hbjciibfoauh) Hbytcfus sp&) Babcfb spicfmcfs) Babcfb

poffbtoòmb) @rbjbrob sp&

2&2&5&5& Edsquc mc Aoprïs y Brbuabrob 'Ao$b/&

Edsquc beocrtd mc Bustrdacmrus agoicfsos y Brbuabrob brbuabfb) adf hbydr prdpdraoñf mc ib prohcrb)

sderc sucids rdadsds mcsfumds y sof sdtdedsquc&

2&2&5&1& Edsquc mc Aoprïs adf Ubmbi 'Ao$rm/&

Edsquc beocrtd b schomcfsd y mcfsd mc Bustrdacmrus agoicfsos) of`crodr b 23 h mc biturb) adf

sdtdedsquc mc Idhbtob gorsutb sderc rciocvc beruptd) adiofbmd y ucrtchcftc adiofbmd) quc fd supcrbf

ids 2;;; h mc bitotum) adf aiohb suegühcmd adf piuvodhctrèb bfubi of`crodr b 23;; hh) drocftbmbs

jcfcrbihcftc gbaob ci fdrtc d cstc&

Ib adhpdsoaoñf ìdrèstoab rcvcib ib pcrhbfcftc prcscfaob mc Idhbtob y cspcaocs jcfcrbihcftc

bsdaobmbs b pcmdaiohbs suegühcmds 'Hutosob mcaurrcfs) Qagofus pbtbjdfoaus) cta&/&

2&2&5&=& Edsquc mc Aoprïs adf Ubuiè 'Ao$rb/&

Bustrdacmrus prcòcrc ids sotods adf cicvbmds mïòaots gèmroads) adf rciocvc hbrabmbhcftc qucerbmd

y$d adf jrbf prdpdraoñf mc bìdrbhocftds rdadsbs) tdmd ciid mcftrd mc uf rbfjd bitotumofbi mc cftrc

3;; y 2;;; h y piuvodhctrèbs of`crodrcs b 23;; hh& Aubfmd sotods sohoibrcs sc cfaucftrbf cf

zdfbs gühcmbs) ci aoprïs sc ofstbib adf`drhbfmd pcqucòbs hbsbs cf hcmod mc ibs jrbfmcs

cxtcfsodfcs mc rbuiè(adoguc d mc ids edsqucs mc trbfsoaoñf&

2&5& Edsqucs mc ibto`diobmbs mdhofbftcs&

2&5&2& Edsqucs mc Fdtgd`bjus&

2&5&2&2& Edsqucs mc Adoguc 'Ad/&

Edsquc bitd) mcfsd mc Fdtgd`bjus mdhecyo sderc ibmcrbs jibaobrobs cf zdfbs gühcmbs 'ibs hbsbs

purbs mc adoguc sdf pdad adhufcs) socfmd hâs `rcaucftcs cf adfsdaobaodfcs/&

2&5&2&5& Edsqucs mc Adoguc adf aoprïs 'AD$ao/&

[cqucòds edsqucs eblds mc Fdtgd`bjus mdhecyo y Bustrdacmrus agoicfsos mc bspcatd

schoxcrñòid) sderc tcrrcfd subvchcftc dfmuibmd) bitcrfbfmd adf cstcpbs mc jrbhèfcbs&

pâjofb f¼ 571

Bfcxd OP






2&5&2&:& Edsquc mc Icfjb adf Udeic pciièf 'I$rp/&

Edsquc mc Fdtgd`bjus puhoiod) F& deioqub y F& mdhecyo) adf hbydr prdpdraoñf mci prohcrd y

pdracftblcs vbrobeics mc ibs dtrbs mds cspcaocs&

Cs uf edsquc mdfmc ib Icfjb cs ufb prdidfjbaoñf mc ib adhufombm B$i) mdfmc ibs adfmoaodfcspcmdaiohâtoabs yb fd sdf bmcaubmbs pbrb ib Brbuabrob) y sè id sdf pbrb ci Udeic pciièf quc sc adhpdrtb

adhd cspcaoc adidfozbmdrb cf ârcbs ofacfmobmbs&

2&5&2&7& Edsquc mc Òorc 'Ò/&

Edsquc mc biturb hcmob) schobeocrtd mc Fdtgd`bjus bftbratoab sderc poc mc ibmcrbs jibaobrobs cf

zdfbs gühcmbs d b`catbmbs pdr ofacfmods& Qc prcscftb cf rciocvc adiofbmd adf pcfmocftcs mci drmcf

mci 53#&

Cs uf edsquc ebld) mc fd hâs mc 25 h mc biturb) adf eblb mcfsombm '5; b 53#/& Ci cstrbtd supcrodr cs

hdfdcspcaèòad) adfstotuomd pdr F& bftbratoab y rbrb vcz sc cfaucftrbf clchpibrcs mc Hbytcfus edbrob&

Ci scjufmd cstrbtd cs mc abòb) Hutosob mcaurrcfs y Qagofus sp&) adf ufb adecrturb mc cftrc 23 y 27# ymc gbstb 1 h mc biturb&

Sf tcracr cstrbtd breustovd mc eblb mcfsombm '2;# mc adecrturb/) y 2)3 h mc biturb) adhpucstd pdr Dvomob

bfmofb y Udsb cjibftcrob& Ci aubrtd y üitohd cstrbtd) gcreâacd breustovd mc gbstb ;)7; h mc biturb y 73#

mc adecrturb) prcscftb jrbhèfcbs adhd @cstuab sp& y rcfdvbics mc òorc&

Cstc cs uf edsquc quc sc pucmc cfadftrbr cf ârcbs bitcrbmbs adhd pbrtc mc ufb suacsoñf scaufmbrob) d

adhd uf eodtdpd mcfdhofbmd ’mc abòbmbs‘) adf ib sojuocftc adhpdsoaoñf ìdrèstoab<

Cspcaocs mdhofbftcs< F& deioqub y F& bftbratoab&

Cspcaocs badhpbòbftcs< Modstcb lufacb) Agusqucb auicdu) Eumiclb jidedsb) Ecrecros sp&) Qagofus

pbtbjdfoaus) Hutosob sp&) Babcfb sp&) F& fcrvdsb y jrbhèfcbs sof mctcrhofbr&

2&5&2&?& Edsquc mc Òorc adf Brbuabrob 'Ò$b/&

Edsquc mc Òorc 'Ò/) adf uf posd cstrbtd chcrjcftc) beocrtd) mc Brbuabrob brbuabfb) adf abrbatcrèstoabs

sohoibrcs b ib mci Edsquc mc Brbuabrob adf Òorc 'B$ò/&

2&5&2&2;& Edsquc mc Ubuiè 'U/&

Edsqucs mcfsds mc Fdtgd`bjus fcrvdsb adf sdtdedsquc mc Agusqucb auicdu mc gbstb 0 h mc biturb)

badhpbòbmd pdr ufb vbrobmb adhufombm ìdrèstoab adhpucstb pdr dtrds Fdtgd`bjus) Bzbrb ibfacdibtb)

Iburciob sp&) Csabiidfob vorjbtb) Jbuitgcrob sp&) [crfcttyb sp&) cftrc dtrbs&

2&5&2&22& Edsquc mc Ubuiè y Adoguc 'U$a/&

Edsquc schomcfsd mc F& fcrvdsb y F& mdhecyo adf sdtdedsquc mc Agusqucb& Qc prcscftb cf ibmcrbs mc

vbiics jibaobrods adf pcfmocftcs mc 53 b 1;#) bufquc tbheoïf pucmc scr cfadftrbmb cf pocs mc ibmcrbs y

auhercs eblbs&

Ib ufombm prcscftb uf cstrbtd supcrodr mc 57 b 15 h mc biturb mc adecrturb of`crodr bi =;#) adf ufb

prdpdraoñf bijd hbydr mci 0;# mc Ubuiè y abso =;# mc Adoguc& [dr mcebld mc ïstc sc cfaucftrbf ufd

d mds cstrbtds breñrcds mc of`crodr adecrturb bi prohcrd) quc sc prcsuhc rcspdfmcf b rcjcfcrbaodfcs

daurrombs iucjd mc cxpidtbaodfcs `drcstbics&

Iucjd sc cfaucftrb uf cstrbtd breustovd mc Agusqucb mc bitb mcfsombm y adecrturb '. mc 73#/ quc

biabfzb gbstb = h mc biturb& Iucjd pucmc cxostor uf cstrbtd gcreâacd d breustovd mc fd hâs mc ;)7; h

mc biturb adf csabsbs gocrebs y rcfdvbics mc ibs cspcaocs& breñrcbs& Ib adecrturb mci cstrbtd hâs

ebld cs pcqucòb) cxacptd cf scatdrcs rbids&

pâjofb f¼ 573

Bfcxd OP




Qc gb descrvbmd quc Podib sp& badhpbòb cxaiusovbhcftc b cstb adhufombm vcjctbi y fd b dtrbs&

]bheoïf cs fdtbeic ib prcscfaob mc pcqucòbs ârcbs mcftrd mc ib ufombm) daupbmbs pdr Qbxcjdtgbcb

adfspoaub) mc gbstb : h mc biturb sderc ibs hârjcfcs mc brrdyds&

2&5&2&25& Edsquc mc Udeic pciièf 'U[/&Edsquc schomcfsd b mcfsd mc Fdtgd`bjus deioqub adf sdtdedsquc rbid mc Agusqucb auicdu &

Ib ufombm tocfc pdr id adhüf) uf cstrbtd bitd mc gbstb 53 h mc biturb adf adecrturb of`crodr bi =3#& [dr

mcebld mc ïstc) sucic bpbrcacr uf scjufmd cstrbtd mc ib hoshb F& deioaqb mc gbstb 27 h mc biturb y 3;#

mc adecrturb&

Sf tcracr cstrbtd pucmc cstbr oftcjrbmd pdr Udeic mc eblb adecrturb 'bircmcmdr mci 25#/ d morcatbhcftc

pdr ci hbtdrrbi mc Agusqucb quc tocfc eblb mcfsombm '2;# bprdxohbmbhcftc/&

Cf ci fovci hâs ebld) sc cfaucftrb uf cstrbtd gcreâacd huy rbid&

Ib adhufombm bpbrcac huagbs vcacs cf ârcbs b`catbmbs pdr ofacfmods bftojuds d cf ârcbs

vcaofbs b csbs&

Ids sotods daupbmds pdr F& deioqub pdsccf adfmoaodfcs quc sucicf mbrsc cf ibmcrbs drocftbmbs bifdrtc y bi cstc) cf pdsoaodfcs eblbs d pocs mc ibmcrbs 'fd hâs mc 2;;; h&s&f&h&/&

Cspcaocs badhpbòbftcs< Cupgdrob pdrtuibadomcs) Hbytcfus mostoagb) Ibtyrus sp&) @cstuab

sp& y Qagofus pbtbjdfoaus&

2&5&2&21& Edsquc mc Udeic pciièf y Brbuabrob 'U[$b/&

Edsquc mc topd trbfsoaodfbi mc Brbuabrob brbuabfb y Fdtgd`bjus deioqub mc bheocftcs schoxcrñòids)

adf drocftbaodfcs prc`crcftchcftc fdrtc y cstc quc daupb cf ids abòbmdfcs jibaobrods& [dscc ufb mcfsombm

y adecrturb hcmobfbs&

2&5&2&2=& Edsquc mc Udeic pciièf adf Aoprïs 'U[$a/&Edsquc mc Fdtgd`bjus deioqub) F& fcrvdsb y F& mdhecyo) adf prcmdhofod pdracftubi mci prohcrd) y

clchpibrcs mc Bustrdacmrus agoicfsos) hâs beufmbftcs sderc ibmcrbs mc cxpdsoaoñf fdrtc& Ibs ufombmcs

sc cfaucftrbf sderc rciocvcs dfmuibmds b ùcrtchcftc dfmuibmds 'csabrpbmds/) adf pcfmocftcs mc cftrc

23 y =;#& Ci sdtdedsquc sc adhpdfc mc Dshdrrgozb ecrtcrdo) Bistrdchcrob burbftobab) Babcfb

poffbtoòmb) Babcfb dvbio`diob) Poaob fojroabfs) Hutosob mcaurrcfs) Bzbrb hoardpgyiib) Agusqucb auicdu)

Ecrecros sp&) Qagofus pbtbjdfoaus) Brostdtciob hbquo) Uoecs hbjciibfoauh) Moarbfdptcros sp&)

Gyhcfdpgyiiuh sp&

2&5&2&23& Edsquc mc Udeic pciièf y Adoguc 'U[$a/&

Edsquc mcfsd piurocspcaèòad mc Fdtgd`bjus deioqub y F& mdhecyo cf ci cstrbtd breñrcd) quc sc prcscftb

sderc rciocvcs dfmuibmds adf pcfmocftcs mci 23#) bitotumcs eblbs y ibmcrbs mc cxpdsoaoñf sur& Ib prdpdraoñf

mc Udeic cs bprdxohbmbhcftc trcs vcacs ib mc Adoguc) y ib biturb tdtbi mc ib adhufombm fd supcrb ids 53 h

mc biturb) adf ufb bitb adecrturb quc mctcrhofb uf bheocftc huy gühcmd y sdherèd cf ci sdtdedsquc)

adhpucstd pdr uf hbtdrrbi huy mcfsd mc abòb adioguc&

2&5&2&20& Edsquc mc Udeic pciièf y Ubuiè 'U[$rb/&

Edsquc mcfsd huitocspcaèòad mc Fdtgd`bjus deioqub y F& fcrvdsb cf ci cstrbtd breñrcd&

5& HB]DUUBICQ&

5&2& Hbtdrrbics breustovds&

5&2&2& Hbtdrrbics mc Fdtgd`bjus bagbpbrrbmds&

5&2&2&2& Hbtdrrbi mc Icfjb 'Hi/&

Hbtdrrbi mcfsd huy rbhoòabmd hdfdcspcaèòad mc Fdtgd`bjus puhoiod mc biturb hcmob 'of`crodr b 1 h/ y

abso 2;;# mc adecrturb cf ci cstrbtd supcrodr& [dr mcebld) sc prcscftb uf cstrbtd mc ;)3; h mc biturb

pâjofb f¼ 570

Bfcxd OP




oftcjrbmd pdr csabsbs cspcaocs breustovbs y gcreâacbs tèpoabs mc bheocftcs gühcmds 'Uoecs auauiibtuh)

Ecrecros pcbraco) Abiacdibrob sp&) cta&/

Cs ufb `drhbaoñf abrbatcrèstoab mc biturb quc adfstotuyc ci üitohd posd mc vcjctbaoñf icòdsb 'ièhotc mc

edsquc/) y pdr id jcfcrbi) cxostc sochprc quc gby edsquc pdr mcebld&Ci rciocvc mc ib ufombm cs beruptd) adiofbmd y ùcrtchcftc adiofbmd) adf pcfmocftcs supcrodrcs b 5;# y sc

cfaucftrb `rcaucftchcftc cftrc ids 2=;; y 20;; h&s&f&h&

Ib cxpdsoaoñf fd pbrcac b`catbr ib mostroeuaoñf mc ib adhufombm) quc sè cstbrèb rcjuibmb pdr ids ièhotcs

tïrhoads) abrjbs mc focvc y vcidaombmcs cxtrchbs mc vocftd&

Adhpdsoaoñf ìdrèstoab<

Mdhofbftc< Fdtgd`bjus puhoiod

Beufmbftcs< Ecrecros pcbraco) Hbytcfus agueutcfsos) Uoecs auauiibtuh) Poaob fojroabfs&

Ubrbs< Croaâacbs fd omcftoòabmbs) Babcfb dvbio`diob) Abiacdibrob sp&

5&2&2&5& Hbtdrrbi mc Òorc 'Hò/&@drhbaoñf icòdsb breustovb abrbatcrozbmb pdr ib mdhofbfaob mc Fdtgd`bjus bftbratoab) mc cstruaturb

vbrobeic< mcsmc breustovb mc 5 h gbstb bredrcsacftc mc 2; h> cf jcfcrbi adhpucstb pdr mds cstrbtds)

cf ids quc ci Òorc daupb ci supcrodr adf adecrturb schomcfsb b mcfsb) mc eblb movcrsombm cspcaèòab

'pdr id adhüf) hdfdcspcaèòad/ y ci of`crodr mc hcmob b bitb movcrsombm&

Cf zdfbs gühcmbs) sc mospdfc sderc ids pocs mc ibmcrbs edsadsbs y sderc adiofbs hdrïfoabs cf ib

pcro`crob mc ids `dfmds mc vbiic jibaobrod) adf rciocvc subvchcftc dfmuibmd b dfmuibmd y pcfmocftcs

supcrodrcs bi 1#&

Cf ibs zdfbs suegühcmbs sc cfaucftrb cf abòbmbs) abòbmdfcs) pibfoaocs cicvbmbs y auhercs adf

rciocvc beruptd) adiofbmd d ùcrtchcftc adiofbmd) adf pcfmocftcs supcrodrcs bi 1;#&

Ib ufombm sc ofstbib prc`crcftchcftc cf ib cxpdsoaoñf sur&

Adhpdsoaoñf ìdrèstoab<

Mdhofbftc< Fdtgd`bjus bftbratoab&

Beufmbftcs< Ecrecros euxo`diob) E& pbrdmoo) Uoecs auauiibtuh) Hbytcfus agueutcfsos) @cstuab

sp&) @& pbiicsacfs) Dshdrrgozb agoicfsos) Babcfb spicfmcfs) @rbjbrob agoidcfsc) Bistrdchcrob

burbftobab) Bfïhdfb huitoòmb) Qcfcaod òibjofdomcs) Gcicagds y Jrbhèfcbs sof omcftoòabaoñf&

Ubrbs< Brbuabrob brbuabfb) Mosabrob scrrbto`diob) Ecrecros gctcrdpgyiib) Uoecs hbjciibfoauh)

Hbytcfus mostoagb) Dshdrrgozb ecrtcrdo) Babcfb dvbio`diob) Agusqucb auicdu) Huiofuh spofdsuh)

Hutosob rctusb 'sdibhcftc cf berbs/) ]ro`diouh rcpcfs) ]brbxbauh sp&) Gbpidpbpus sp&) [crczob

sp&)Agoiiodtroaguh rdshbrofo`diouh) Csabiidfob vorjbtb) [ibftbjd ibfacdibtb) Qagofus pbtbjdfoaus&

Ids hbtdrrbics mc Òorc sc movomcf cf bitds y eblds&

Hbtdrrbics Eblds<

2& Hbtdrrbi mc Òorc mc biturb hcmob 'of`crodr b = h/) mc gâeotd mc arcaohocftd vbrobmd) adecrturb

mcfsb) quc pucmc ofaiuor Agusqucb auicdu ) quc sc hbftocfc b csabsb biturb cf uf cstrbtd

of`crodr) cxacptd so ib adhufombm gb somd mosturebmb pdr ùcjd) mdfmc pucmc biabfzbr ib biturb

mci abfdpcd& Qc cxtocfmc sderc pocs mc ibmcrbs cf adftbatd adf `drhbaodfcs edsadsbs y sderc

adiofbs hdrïfoabs adf rciocvc dfmuibmd mc pcfmocftcs adhprcfmombs cftrc 7 y 20#&

5& Hbtdrrbi mc Òorc mc adecrturb schomcfsb) adf tèpoab cstruaturb mc hbtdrrbi cf jbicrèb quc

daupb cstroatbhcftc ids abòbmdfcs) brrdyds) abòbmbs y su zdfb mc ofìucfaob) y ibmcrbs adf

rciocvcs adiofbmds d ùcrtchcftc adiofbmds) quc prcscftbf pcfmocftcs mci drmcf mci 13#& Cs

ufb ufombm quc bpbrcac cf zdfbs mc trbfsoaoñf cftrc edsquc y cstcpb 'cadtdfd/& Cf ibs ârcbs

hâs drocftbics) profaopbihcftc cf abòbmdfcs adf cxpdsoaoñf cstc) ci hbtdrrbi cf jbicrèb cs

badhpbòbmd pdr clchpibrcs mc Bustrdacmrus agoicfsos) quc puftubihcftc pucmcf adfstotuor

pcqucòds edsqucs&

pâjofb f¼ 57:

Bfcxd OP




1& Hbtdrrbi bagbpbrrbmd mc biturb hcmob) adf adecrturb mcfsb d schomcfsb) adf adhpdsoaoñf

ìdrèstoab hâs xcrñòib quc ibs dtrbs ufombmcs) adf cspcaocs tbics adhd Bmcshob edrdfdomcs)

Qcfcaod oibjofdomcs) Qcfcaod sp&) Babcfb spicfmcfs) Qagofus pbtbjdfoaus y quc fd ofaiuyc

Agusqucb auicdu & Daupb abòbmbs) abòbmdfcs) pibfoaocs cicvbmbs y auhercs) adf rciocvcberuptd) adiofbmd y ùcrtchcftc adiofbmd 'b vcacs dfmuibmd/ quc pucmcf supcrbr ci =;#&

Hbtdrrbics bitds<

5&2&2&1& Hbtdrrbi mc Òorc adf Brbuabrob 'Hò$b/&

Hbtdrrbi bitd 'mc cftrc = y 2; h mc biturb/) bredrcsacftc) mc Fdtgd`bjus bftbratoab pdad d fbmb

rbhoòabmd) schomcfsd) adf prcmdhofod mc jrbhèfcbs gcreâacbs cf ci cstrbtd of`crodr) cf dabsodfcs)

ofaiuycfmd Agusqucb auicdu&

Cstb adhufombm pucmc biecrjbr csabsds clchpibrcs mc Brbuabrob brbuabfb&

[dscc ufb adecrturb vcjctbi mci drmcf mci 0;# cf ci cstrbtd supcrodr&

5&2&5& Hbtdrrbi mc Ubmbi 'Hr/&

Hbtdrrbi bitd) 'gbstb 2; h mc biturb/) rbhoòabmd) schomcfsd b beocrtd mc Idhbtob gorsutb cf cstrbtd

breustovd) pdr id jcfcrbi) hdfdcspcaèòad 'b vcacs adf csabsbs icòdsbs badhpbòbftcs/ y vcjctbaoñf

vbrobeic cf ci cstrbtd of`crodr& Qc prcscftb tbftd sderc adiofbs hdrïfoabs adhd sderc adiofbs mc

bìdrbhocftds rdadsds) adf rciocvc suhbhcftc dfmuibmd cf ibs prohcrbs) b beruptd cf ibs scjufmbs&

Cs ufb adhufombm bmbptbmb b adfmoaodfcs bheocftbics schoxcrñòibs) cf ibs quc sc mostofjucf mds

sueufombmcs mo`crcfaobmbs<

2& Hbtdrrbi schomcfsd hdfdcspcaèòad cf ci cstrbtd supcrodr) sderc adiofbs mc rciocvc subvchcftc

dfmuibmd adf pcfmocftcs mci drmcf mci :# y cxpdsoaoñf sur d sur(dcstc& Cf ib adhpdsoaoñf

ìdrèstoab sc cfaucftrbf bijufds cichcftds mci edsquc gühcmd 'Ecrecros euxo`diob) Hbytcfus

mostoagb/ y dtrds adhd Adiictob spofdsossohb& Ci cstrbtd of`crodr cs ufb cstcpb breustovb

adhpucstb pdr< Mdhofbftc< Idhbtob gorsutb

Beufmbftcs< Ecrecros gctcrdpgyiib) E& euxo`diob) Hbytcfus mostoagb) @cstuab sp&) Babcfb

spicfmcfs&

Ubrbs< Adiictob spofdsossohb) Qagofus pbtbjdfoaus&

5& Hbtdrrbi schomcfsd b beocrtd mc Idhbtob gorsutb) cf dabsodfcs badhpbòbmd mc dtrbs cspcaocs

icòdsbs cf ci cstrbtd supcrodr 'Qagofus pbtbjdfoaus) Hbytcfus edbrob) Bustrdacmrus agoicfsos/&

Cstb ufombm sc cfaucftrb sderc adiofbs pdad cicvbmbs mc bìdrbhocftds rdadsds) adf rciocvc beruptd

y adf cxpdsoaoñf fdrtc& Ib adecrturb mci cstrbtd supcrodr cs eblb 'hcfds mci 2;#/&

1& [BQ]O\BICQ&

1&2& Cstcpbs&

1&2&2& Cstcpb breustovb y suebreustovb 'CB/&

Cstcpb mc adecrturb jcfcrbihcftc eblb 'gbstb 3;#/) mc biturb vbrobeic mcsmc ;)2; h gbstb ;)0; h

'rbrbs vcacs hbydr/) y adecrturb hcmobfbhcftc bitb ':3 b 7;#/) adhpucstb prcmdhofbftchcftc pdr

cspcaocs breustovbs y suebreustovbs y csabsbs jrbhèfcbs badhpbòbftcs& Cstc topd mc cstcpb sc

prcscftb sderc rciocvcs subvchcftc dfmuibmd) dfmuibmd y beruptd) adf pcfmocftcs supcrodrcs bi 5#

y gbstb 5;#& [dr id adhüf cstb cstcpb sc rcibaodfb adf adfmoaodfcs bheocftbics schoxcrñòibs)

cxpdsoaodfcs fdrtc y cstc) pibfoaocs y hcsctbs cicvbmbs huy cxpucstbs b vocftds& Ibs cspcaocs

schoxcrd`ètoabs sdf huagbs vcacs cspofdsbs) mc pdab adecrturb y diiblc) quc cf huagds absds) rcsuitb

mc ib mcjrbmbaoñf mc adhufombmcs hâs cstbeics) adf hbydr prdpdraoñf mc jrbhèfcbs) sderc tdmd mci

pâjofb f¼ 577

Bfcxd OP




jïfcrd Qtopb sp& Ibs cspcaocs suebreustovbs hâs `rcaucftcs cf ib sustotuaoñf mc ibs jrbhèfcbs sdf

Babcfb spicfmcfs) Huiofuh spofdsuh y Qcfcaod òibjofdomcs&

Ib cstcpb breustovb gb somd b`catbmb mcsmc ibrjd tochpd btrâs pdr ofacfmods) cf jcfcrbi mc drojcf

bftrñpoad&Cxostc ufb cstcpb suebreustovb mc adecrturb bitb) mc Huiofuh spofdsuh sderc ibmcrbs jibaobrobs cf

zdfbs gühcmbs&

Cf ib zdfb acftrbi mci pbrquc cxostc ufb cstcpb breustovb mc Huiofuh spofdsuh y @cstuab sp& cf

ibmcrbs) adf hbydr prdpdraoñf mci prohcrd) socfmd bhebs mdhofbftcs) adf biturb of`crodr b =; ah y

adecrturb mc 7;#&

Ib cstcpb mc ibmcrb cs breustovb) mc Huiofuh spofdsuh y Babcfb spicfmcfs sderc rciocvc ùcrtchcftc

adiofbmd cf ibmcrbs prcsuftbhcftc bitcrbmbs& Cs uf rciocvc adfsomcrbeichcftc hâs qucerbmd quc ci

mc ibs mchâs cstcpbs) adf pcfmocftcs mci rbfjd mc 13 b =;#& Ib jcd`drhb tèpoabhcftc bsdaobmb cs ib

ibmcrb mc abòbmñf jibaobrod) mdfmc ib adhufombm vcjctbi prcscftb ufb adecrturb mci :3#) y cstâ

adhpucstb pdr<Mdhofbftcs< Huiofuh spofdsuh y Babcfb spicfmcfs&

Beufmbftcs< Hutosob mcaurrcfs) Qcfcaod òibjofdomcs) Uuhcx bactdsciib) Cryfjouh pbfoauibtuh&

Dtrbs< @rbjbrob sp&) Bmcshob edrdfdomcs) Qagofus pbtbjdfoaus) Mosabrob scrrbto`diob) Hutosob

mcaurrcfs) Ecrecros euxo`diob) Uoecs hbjciibfoauh&

1&2&5& Cstcpb breustovb adf Brbuabrob 'CB$b/&

Hdsboad mc cstcpb breustovb y edsquc mc Brbuabrob cf abòbmdfcs& Ci edsquc schomcfsd sc prcscftb

adf hcfdr mcfsombm quc cf ib ufombm sohpic&

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Cstcpb gcreâacb mc adecrturb hcmob 'bircmcmdr mci 3;# d supcrodr/) adhpucstb mc jrbhèfcbs adf

bijufbs suebreustovbs d breustovbs badhpbòbftcs) mc biturb fd supcrodr b ;)=; h& Cstb ufombm cstâ

bsdaobmb b ids `dfmds mc vbiics jibaobrods) adf rciocvc subvchcftc dfmuibmd) mc pcfmocftcs of`crodrcs

bi 5#) y daupb ibs iibhbmbs ’berbs‘ mc ids vbiics jibaobrods& ]bheoïf cs adhüf sderc scmohcftds

vdiaâfoads mc rciocvc pibfd cf zdfbs gühcmbs& Cxgoec uf bheocftc hâs gühcmd quc ci mc ib Cstcpb

Breustovb y ib adhufombm vcjctbi cstâ adhpucstb profaopbihcftc pdr jrbhèfcbs) cftrc ibs aubics

@cstuab sp& cs ib hâs rcaucftc& [dr mcjrbmbaoñf mc ibs cspcaocs suebreustovbs 'Huiofuh spofdsuh)

Babcfb spicfmcfs) cta&/ pucmcf daupbr hbydr prdpdraoñf quc ibs jrbhofdsbs pcrd adf hcfdr

adecrturb vcjctbi&

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Uchbfcftc mc Edsqucs beocrtds b schomcfsds mc Brbuabrob sderc cstcpb& Qc cfaucftrbf `drhbmds

pdr jrupds mc Brbuabrobs rcibtovbhcftc eblbs '2; b 23 h/ adf ùstcs adrtds y rbhbs huy vojdrdsbs y

hbrabmbhcftc gdrozdftbics& Ci sdtdedsquc cs mc huy pdab adecrturb y cstâ adhpucstd cf su hbydrèb

pdr cspcaocs tèpoabs mc ib cstcpb) adhd @cstuab pbiicsacfs y Qtopb spcaodsb&

1&5& [rbmcrbs&

1&5&2& [bstozbics fbturbics '[F/&

[rbmcrbs gühcmbs mc jrbhèfcbs y aopcrâacbs cf `dfmds mc vbiic adf rciocvc pibfd y sucids adf

rbsjds gomrdhñròads adhd vcjbs y ârcbs ropbrobs& Ib vcjctbaoñf cs sohoibr b ib mc ib cstcpb) adf

prcmdhofod mc cspcaocs gcreâacbs tèpoabs adf hbydrcs rcqucrohocftds mc guhcmbm) adf bitb adecrturb

y movcrsombm ìdrèstoab&

pâjofb f¼ 57?

Bfcxd OP




1&5&5& [rbmcrbs bftrdpozbmbs '[B/&

[rbmcrbs beocrtbs) adf eblb adecrturb y movcrsombm idrèstoab) prdmuatd mc ib ofaomcfaob mci usd jbfbmcrd&

1&5&1& [rbmcrbs adf hbtdrrbics bftrdpozbmds '[HB/&[rbmcrbs prdmuaombs pdr ci mcshdftc adf delctd mc ib arèb mc jbfbmd) y bijufds pcqucòds vbiics adf

usd jbfbmcrd) cf ids quc bpbrcac vcjctbaoñf breustovb y suebreustovb adhd adfscaucfaob mci pbstdrcd&

=& QCHOMCQOCU]DQ&

=&2& Qchomcsocrtd 'Q/&

Qchomcsocrtd mc adecrturb vcjctbi of`crodr bi 3#) adfstotuomds pdr cspcaocs gcreâacbs y suebreustovbs)

auyb biturb cs of`crodr b ;)3; h& Cstâf vofauibmds b adfmoaodfcs cxtrchbs mc aiohb) id quc daurrc ib

hbydrèb mc ibs vcacs b bitotumcs cicvbmbs) bufquc tbheoïf pucmcf vofauibrsc b adfmoaodfcs rcsuitbftcs

mci usd bftrñpoad&

=&2&2& Qchomcsocrtd pdr bitcrbaoñf&

Qchomcsocrtd mcrovbmd mc prdacsds mc crdsoñf jcdiñjoab d bftrñpoab d mc bitcrbaoñf mci pbosblc adf

sohoibrcs adfscaucfaobs) sderc rciocvc pibfd b subvchcftc dfmuibmd) adf pcfmocftcs mci drmcf mci 5

bi 1#& Cf sucids mcabpotbmds) ci rciocvc cs hâs dfmuibmd y beruptd) adf pcfmocftcs mci drmcf mci

23#&

Ids adfds adiuvobics bi poc mc ibmcrbs ofacfmobmbs sucicf tcfcr vcjctbaoñf mc schomcsocrtd&

Ib adhufombm vcjctbi mc cstb ufombm cs vbrobmb) mdhofbmds pdr Qtopb sp&) Cupgdreob pdrtuibadomcs)

Ebaagbros hbjciibfoauh y Huiofuh spofdsuh&

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ib jcd`drhb abrbatcrèstoab bsdaobmb cs ib auherc mc acrrds&

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cs mc bfagd vbrobeic& Csb ièfcb mc vcjctbaoñf cstâ adfstotuomb pdr hbtdrrbi mc icfjb 'Hi/ cf ib hbydrèb

mc ids absds& Hâs brroeb mc csb `rbflb ci schomcsocrtd prâatoabhcftc mcsbpbrcac pbrb mclbr pbsd b uf

mcsocrtd sderc bìdrbhocftds rdadsds&

Ib adhufombm vcjctbi cs gctcrdjïfcb) pumocfmd adftcfcr jrbhèfcbs d suebreustds) y cf rbrbs

dabsodfcs vcjctbaoñf mc vcjb daupbfmd supcròaocs pcqucòbs&

3& PCJBQ&

3&2& Pcjbs 'P/&

Pcjbs mc jrbhèfcbs y aopcrâacbs cf `dfmds mc vbiic sderc rciocvc pibfd b subvchcftc dfmuibmd) cf

ârcbs pcqucòbs mc rciocvc pibfd adf mrcfblc mcòaocftc mc bjub) òitrbaodfcs mc bjubs supcròaobics d

suesupcròaobics y `dfmds mc vbiics&

]ocfc bitb adecrturb y movcrsombm ìdrèstoab&

3&5& Pcjbs bitdbfmofbs 'PB/&

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scr prdhdvomb su ofstbibaoñf pdr hbfcld mci rocjd b pbrtor mc cstcpbs jrbhofdsbs y cf dabsodfcs) mc

cstcpbs breustovbs&

Cf ids bheocftcs bitdbfmofds sc cfaucftrbf pcqucòbs vcjbs mc biturb abrbatcrozbmbs pdr Adrtbmcrob

poidsb vbr&hofohb) [db sp&) [ibftbjd ebrebtb) Abrcx sp& y Abitgb bppcfmoauibtb

pâjofb f¼ 5?;

Bfcxd OP




pâjofb f¼ 5?2

QÈF]CQOQ MC BIJSFDQ MC IDQ ]CHBQ CF MOQASQOÑF

2cr ]biicr 2= y 23 mc Datuerc mc 5;;=

Ucmbaaoñf y cmoaoñf< Mrb& Qoivob Drtueby '`bufb bauâtoab/

Ioa& Lbvocr Qbfjuofctto '`bufb tcrrcstrc/

OF]UDMSAAOÑF

Cf ci hbrad mci [rdycatd ’Mobjfñstoad mci cstbmd mc adfscrvbaoñf mc ib eodmovcrsombm cf ci

[brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf< su vobeoiombm mc prdtcaaoñf cf ci ibrjd pibzd‘) sc mcsbrrdiiñ ci [rohcr ]biicr

[brtoaopbtovd adf ib bsostcfaob mc cspcaobiostbs tchâtoads y rcprcscftbftcs hbpuagcs& Cf ci prcscftc

of`drhc bfcxd sc rcsuhcf ib of`drhbaoñf y dpofodfcs bpdrtbmds pdr ids jrupds mc `bufb bauâtoab y

tcrrcstrc quc pbrtoaopbrdf morcatb d ofmorcatbhcftc bsostocfmd bi tbiicr d adhpictbfmd ib cfaucstb

rchotomb prcvob bi cfaucftrd& Cf ci Bfcxd OO&O& sc hcfaodfbf ids 2? prd`csodfbics quc trbeblbf adf

`bufb quc adibedrbrdf bpdrtbfmd of`drhbaoñf bftcs d murbftc ci tbiicr&

MOQASQODFCQ ADFAC[]SBICQ

2& Ćspcaocs mc Pbidr Cspcaobi d Cspcaocs @dabics4

Murbftc ci tbiicr) cf ids hdhcftds mc picfbrod) bijufds pbrtoaopbftcs brjuhcftbrdf y mcstbabrdf

ib ohpdrtbfaob y fcacsombm mc bmdptbr ci tïrhofd Cspcaocs @dabics 'C@/ 'cspcaocs pbrbjubs) cspcaocs

aibvc) cspcaocs ofmoabmdrbs) cspcaocs abroshâtoabs d ebfmcrb) cspcaocs ârcb mchbfmbftc) cspcaocs

iohotbmbs pdr rcaursds) cta&/ cf iujbr mc ib batubi mcfdhofbaoñf mc Cspcaocs mc Pbidr Cspcaobi 'CPC/)

mbmd quc ib prohcrb aibsoòabaoñf cs hâs bhpiob c ofaiuyc b ib scjufmb y bmchâs pcrhotc) mcsmc ci

puftd mc vostb prâatoad y utoiotbrod) aibsoòabr b ibs cspcaocs mc ib iostb cf ibs mo`crcftcs sueabtcjdrèbs mcC@ 'vcr bfcxd OO&OO&/ adf ci delctd mc quc sorvb pbrb pibfoòabr) cibedrbr c ohpichcftbr cstrbtcjobs mc

adfscrvbaoñf y hbfcld cf ci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf&

[dr ci adftrbrod) murbftc ci trbebld cf jrupds) ids cxpcrtds cf `bufb y bheocftcs bauâtoads fd

adofaomocrdf adf ib prdpucstb mc rcchpibzbr ib mcfdhofbaoñf mc CPC pdr ib mc C@ mbmd quc adfsomcrbf

b ibs C@ adhd uf adfacptd hâs rcstrofjomd quc ci mc CPC& Qcjüf cstb dpofoñf) bpioabfmd ci adfacptd

mc CPC) hâs bhpiod y bebrabtovd) sc jbrbftozb ib ofaiusoñf y adfsomcrbaoñf mc cspcaocs quc pucmcf

rcqucror mc btcfaoñf y baaodfcs mc adfscrvbaoñf) scbf d fd cspcaocs `dabics&

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oftcrfbaodfbi y ibs cxpcrocfaobs cf movcrsds pbèscs) rcquocrc mc uf hbydr tochpd mc mosausoñf y mcebtcpbrb oftcrabheobr omcbs bpuftbfmd b mctcrhofbr ibs vcftblbs y mcsvcftblbs mc abmb ufd mc ids cf`dqucs

mc prodrozbaoñf& Sfd mc ids oftcrrdjbftcs profaopbics bi adfacptd mc C@ cs su bpioabeoiombm cf ci absd

mc ids ofvcrtcerbmds adhd id mcstbabrdf ids oftcjrbftcs mci jrupd mc `bufb bauâtoab&

Bfcxd P Ucsuhcf mci trbebld rcbiozbmd pdr ids jrupds mc `bufb tcrrcstrc y`bufb bauâtoab&

Bfcxd P




pâjofb f¼ 5?5

5& [brb ib mctcrhofbaoñf mc CPC d C@) ´Biabfzb adf utoiozbr arotcrods quc cvbiücf

cxaiusovbhcftc ib adfmoaoñf d abrbatcrèstoab mc ib cspcaoc4

Murbftc ci ]biicr) vbrods jrupds mc trbebld 'ìdrb) `bufb bauâtoab y `bufb tcrrcstrc/ mcstbabrdf

quc cs ofadhpictd d ofadrrcatd ci cf`dquc mc utoiozbr sdid arotcrods bpioabmds b cspcaocs pbrb ib

mctcrhofbaoñf mc CPC d C@& Mcsmc ci puftd mc vostb ùfaodfbi) cf huagds absds ibs cspcaocs fd

pucmcf scpbrbrsc d tdhbrsc cf `drhb ofmovomubi pbrb su cvbiubaoñf) vbidrbaoñf y prodrozbaoñf& Cf cstc

scftomd) cf ci ]biicr sc gb mcstbabmd ib fcacsombm mc ofaiuor ci cf`dquc mc Cfsbheic d Jrupds

@ufaodfbics 'J@/ adhd ufb drhb mc vbidrozbr zdfbs) bheocftcs d gâeotbts mcsmc ib pcrspcatovb ufaodfbi

mci cadsostchb mbmd quc ids hoshds rcìclbrèbf ci cstbmd mc adfscrvbaoñf mc prdacsds cadiñjoads&

Cf 2???) murbftc ci ]biicr ’Bfâiosos mc ib eodmovcrsombm y adfscrvbaoñf mc ib Cadrrcjoñf Pbimovobfb‘

sc mcstbañ y brjuhcftñ ib utoiozbaoñf mci adfacptd mc cfsbheic cspcaobihcftc cf ids sostchbs bauâtoads

mc ib sojuocftc hbfcrb<

’Ibs cspcaocs vcjctbics y bfohbics quc adf`drhbf cstds cfsbheics pdsccf ùcrtcs vèfauids

'rcibaodfcs oftcrcspcaèòabs/ quc fd pcrhotorèbf su aibrb scpbrbaoñf& Cstds vèfauids sdf tbf hbfoòcstds

y sojfoòabtovds quc) pdr clchpid) ib buscfaob d abheods cf ib mcfsombm mc ufb cspcaoc pdmrèb prdvdabr

ufb moshofuaoñf mc ib abiombm mc bjub& Bsohoshd) mcsmc ci puftd mc vostb hctdmdiñjoad) ib tdhb mc ufb

hucstrb ofvdiuarb) cf jcfcrbi) ib tdtbiombm mci cfsbheic prdpucstd& Bmchâs) ids cstumods hdmcrfds mc

abiombm mc bjub scòbibf cfsbheics y fd cspcaocs adhd ofmoabmdrcs&‘

Ci jrupd mc `bufb bauâtoab prdpdfc ids sojuocftcs cfsbheics mc vbidr cspcaobi<

o/ Cfsbheic pciâjoad< adfluftd mc cspcaocs vcjctbics y bfohbics 'ofaiuèmd pcacs/ quc vovcf cf ib

adiuhfb mc bjub mc ibjds&oo/ Cfsbheic ecftñfoad< adfluftd mc cspcaocs vcjctbics y bfohbics 'ofaiuèmd pcacs/ quc vovcf

bsdaobmds d cf rcibaoñf adf uf sustrbtd& Cstc cfsbheic cstâ prcscftc cf ib zdfb iotdrbi 'ecftds

iotdrbi / y prdùfmb mc aucrpds iïftoads 'ecftds prdùfmd/ y cf ci icagd mc bheocftcs iñtoads&

Ibhcftbeichcftc gbstb ci hdhcftd fd sc adfdacf ib tdtbiombm mc ibs cspcaocs quc adf`drhbf

cstds cfsbheics) cf cspcaobi cf ci absd mc ofvcrtcerbmds y dtrds jrupds& Qof chebrjd) pucmcf

hcfaodfbrsc bijufbs cspcaocs quc pdmrèbf adfsomcrbrsc üfoabs mci [F Ibfèf<

C`chcrñptcrb 'sñid aotbmds pbrb ib rcjoñf/<

Agoidpdrtcr cbtdfo 'mds cspcaocs) sdid ufd cf Brjcftofb/

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Hurpgyciib fccmgbho 'jïfcrd hdfdcspcaèòad/&

Dmdfbtb

Fcdpctbiob pufatbtb 'Fcdpctbiob jïfcrd hdfdcspcaèòad/&

Qohoibrcs adfacptds y brjuhcftbaoñf ùcrdf hbfo`cstbmds tbftd pbrb ci trbebld mc vbidrbaoñf

mc ib idrb adhd mc ib `bufb tcrrcstrc& Mcsmc ci puftd mc vostb mc ib bufb tcrrcstrc bijufds pbrtoaopbftcs

mci ]biicr prdpusocrdf ib vbidrbaoñf mc ids sojuocftcs cfsbheics d jrupds ùfaodfbics adhd delctds mc

adfscrvbaoñf<

b/ cfsbheic mc bvcs rbpbacs fdaturfbs&

e/ cfsbheic mc bvcs usubrobs mc abvombmcs&

a/ cfsbheic mc bvcs mcpcfmocftc mci sdtdedsquc&

Bfcxd P




pâjofb f¼ 5?1

m/ cfsbheic mc abrfèvdrds hcmobfds mci edsquc&

Fd cxostcf mumbs rcspcatd b ib fcacsombm mc bmdptbr cstc cf`dquc) scjurbhcftc fd cf

rcchpibzd mci cf`dquc pdr cspcaoc pcrd sè) quozâs) mc ufb `drhb adhpichcftbrob b ib vbidrbaoñf b

fovci mc cspcaocs& Rucmb pbrb ci mcebtc so cs fcacsbrod hdfotdrcbr b tdmd uf cfsbheic d so cs suòaocftc

adf `dabiozbr ib btcfaoñf cf bijüf d bijufds oftcjrbftcs 'rcprcscftbtovds/ mc abmb cfsbheic pbrb

mobjfdstoabr d vbidrozbr ci cstbmd mc adfscrvbaoñf mci cfsbheic adhd ufb ufombm ùfaodfbi&

CQ[CAOCQ MC PBIDU CQ[CAOBI

Arotcrods mc scicaaoñf

Jrupd `bufb bauâtoab<

Adhcftbrods jcfcrbics sderc ids arotcrods y prdpucstbs mc abheod cf su rcmbaaoñf<2& Ids arotcrods 'b/) 'e/ y 'a/) sñid pucmcf scr bpioabmds b cspcaocs quc sc cfaucftrcf abtcjdrozbmbs&

Ibs cspcaocs mc ofvcrtcerbmds) adf uf adfdaohocftd iohotbmd sderc su cstbtus mc adfscrvbaoñf y

sderc su sotubaoñf eodjcdjrâòab) qucmbf hbydrotbrobhcftc ohpdsoeoiotbmbs mc scr cvbiubmbs pdr

cstds arotcrods&

5& Fd sc sujocrcf abheods pbrb ids arotcrods 'm/) 'c/) '`/) 'j/) 'g/) 'o/ y 'l/) ids aubics sc adfsomcrbf mc

bpioabaoñf pbrb cspcaocs bauâtoabs&

1& Iucjd mc csauagbr ib dpofoñf y brjuhcftbaoñf mc ids rcprcscftbftcs Hbpuagc quc oftcjrbebf ci

jrupd mc trbebld) qucmñ aibrd quc ci arotcrod 'n/ bebrab ib mohcfsoñf auiturbi hbpuagc 'adhd

adfdaohocftd) Ofstotuaodfcs) Adshdvosoñf y auiturb hbtcrobi/ ofaiuycfmd ib vbidrbaoñf mcsmc ci ’usdauiturbi‘&

Lcrbrquozbaoñf mc ids arotcrods

Sfd mc ids pbrtoaopbftcs bi ]biicr prdpusd lcrbrquozbr ids arotcrods bi adfsomcrbr quc cxostc ufb

jrbf mospbrombm cf tïrhofds mc ohpdrtbfaob d pcsd cftrc ids hoshds& Eâsoabhcftc sc prdpusd quc ids

arotcrods 'b/) 'e/) 'a/ y 'm/ scbf adfsomcrbmds adf BI]B lcrbrquèb hocftrbs quc ids rcstbftcs arotcrods

scrèbf ADH[ICHCF]BUODQ& Cf cstc scftomd) sc lcrbrquozbrèb b ibs cspcaocs prcscftcs cf ci iostbmd

scjüf auhpibf d fd adf ids arotcrods prodrozbmds& Cstb prdpucstb tuvd bacptbaoñf cftrc ids pbrtoaopbftcs

pdr id quc qucmñ oftcjrbmb b ib prdpucstb&

Mosausoñf mci iostbmd prccxostcftc mc Cspcaocs mc Pbidr Cspcaobi&

]dhbfmd adhd ebsc ci iostbmd dòaobi mc ib B[F sderc Cspcaocs mc vcrtcerbmds mc Pbidr Cspcaobi

mci [F Ibfèf) sc rcbiozbrdf ids sojuocftcs adhcftbrods y dpofodfcs rcspcatd b cspcaocs iostbmbs

prdpucstbs pbrb su rchdaoñf<

2& Ib cspcaoc Adiuheb brbuabfb '[bidhb Brbuabfb/ mcecrèb quotbrsc mc ib iostb adfsomcrbfmd quc

sc gb rcaupcrbmd cxotdsb y sojfoòabtovbhcftc cf tdmb ib rcjoñf mc ib cf`crhcmbm vorbi quc ib iicvñ

b scr ofaiuomb adf ci arotcrod 'b/&5& Ci cstbtus mc adfscrvbaoñf batubi mc [scumbidpcx jroscus '\drrd Jros Agoad/ fd sc adrrcspdfmc

adf ib ofaiusoñf mc cstb cspcaoc cf ib iostb ebld ci arotcrod b/ mbmd quc ib cspcaoc cstâ ùcrb mc

bhcfbzb b fovci mc [btbjdfob y mc Brjcftofb&

Bfcxd P




pâjofb f¼ 5?=

1& Bstgcfcs bftgdomcs 'Abfbstcrd Bustrbi/ sc ib adfsomcrb ufb cspcaoc hbrjofbi mc ids cadsostchbs

rcprcscftbmds cf ci [F Ibfèf y quc b su vcz fd auhpic adf ids arotcrods b/ y `/ utoiozbmds pbrb

ofaiuorib cf ib iostb&

BHEOCF]CQ _ GÂEO]B]Q [UODUO]BUODQ [BUB ADFQCUPBU _ [UD]CJCU&

Aibsoòabaoñf mc guhcmbics mci [brquc Fbaodfbi Ibfèf

2& Bheocftcs iïftoads 'Ib`qucf/&

2&2& Ibjds sdhcrds y agoads< Mc supcròaoc hcfdr d ojubi b 3 nh5 y adf hcfds mc 1; h mc prdùfmombm&

Qdf ibjds adf ârcbs iotdrbics cxtcfmombs) adf prcmdhofod mc pibftbs bauâtoabs pbiustrcs d suhcrjombs

'Qadcfdpicatus y [dtbhdjctdf/& Qus bjubs sdf bhebrofbs adf hbydr adftcfomd mc hbtcrob drjâfoab

mosucitb& Qc abrbatcrozbf pdr cfsbheics ecftñfoads y pciâjoads roads y prdùfmbhcftc

oftcrmcpcfmocftcs& Ib zdfb iotdrbi rcprcscftb rcùjod y iujbrcs mc pucstb mc fuhcrdsds drjbfoshds

ofaiuycfmd pcacs& Cstds ibjds sdhcrds prcscftbf mo`crcftcs cstruaturbs trñòabs< adf y sof pcacs y

bijufds hbftocfcf ib `bufb èatoab butñatdfb& Cstbs cstruaturbs sdf ohpdrtbftcs mc scr adfscrvbmbs

sof oftrdmuaaoñf mc cspcaocs&

2&5& Ibjds prdùfmds y jrbfmcs< Mc supcròaoc hbydr b 3 nh5 y hâs mc 1; h mc prdùfmombm 'abso

tdmds supcrbf ids 2;; h/& Qdf ibjds adf ârcbs iotdrbics huy rcstrofjombs y iohotbmbs b scatdrcs prdtcjomds

mdfmc bpbrcacf pibftbs bauâtoabs& Ib zdfb pciâjoab cs huy bhpiob y cstâ huy cxpucstb b ib rbmobaoñf

sdibr& Ibs bjubs sdf huy aibrbs y trbfspbrcftcs) ib iuz iicjb gbstb ids 1; d =; hctrds mc prdùfmombm&

Ib abiombm mc bjub cf cstds aucrpds mc bjub cs bitb y cstâ rcìclbmb cf uf cfsbheic pciâjoad huy

pbrtoauibr quc sñid cs adhpbrtomd adf ci [brquc Fbaodfbi Fbguci Gubpo& Cstc cfsbheic pdmrèb vcrsc

b`catbmd pdr ci ofarchcftd pdeibaodfbi mc acftrds urebfds y ci adfsojuocftc vcrtomd mc cìucftcs&

2&1& Ibjds mc biturb< adrrcspdfmcf b aucrpds mc bjub sotubmds pdr cfaohb mci ièhotc mc vcjctbaoñf&

Cf jcfcrbi sdf ibjds mc aorad jibaobrod d ibjds mc arâtcr& Qdf aucrpds mc bjub pcqucòds y quc sc

adfjcibf murbftc cxtcfsds pcrèdmds mci bòd& Ibs adfmoaodfcs mc bosibhocftd quc pdsccf `baoiotbf ci

cstbeicaohocftd mc ufb eodtb huy pbrtoauibr< ofvcrtcerbmds y bfòeods mc cfsbheic pciâjoad y ecftñfoad

sdf üfoads cf su topd& Qdf ibjds sof pcacs) y mcec cvotbrsc ib oftrdmuaaoñf quc btcftbrèb adftrb ibeodmovcrsombm mc cstds bheocftcs&

2&=& Hbiiofcs mc biturb) mc edsquc) mc cstcpb< fd sc adfdacf bspcatds eodiñjoads mc cstds bheocftcs&

2&3& Bjubs suetcrrâfcbs 'Clchpid< [boib hcfund/< fd sc adfdacf bspcatds eodiñjoads mc cstds

bheocftcs&

5& Bheocftcs iñtoads 'Icuù) brrdyds) rèds) abfbics/&

Cstds bheocftcs sc abrbatcrozbf pdr ci cfsbheic ecftñfoad&

5&2& Brrdyds mc hdftbòb< adrrcspdfmcf b ids bheocftcs mcfdhofbmds tïafoabhcftc adhd mc ebld

drmcf '2) 5 y b vcacs 1/< adrrcspdfmcf b brrdyds agoads cf tcrrcfds mc ùcrtc pcfmocftc) adf ùcrtc

vcidaombm mc adrrocftc 'ufb `drhb prâatoab mc aibsoòabrids cs quc sc aruzbf b poc/& Ibs bitbs aucfabs

Bfcxd P






pâjofb f¼ 5?0

Uoagbrm QBJC 'Pcrtcerbmds ‑ SQB/

Aibumod AGCGCEBU 'Hbhè`crds ‑ B[F/

Gcrfâf [BQ]DUC 'Aïrvomds ‑ B[F$AUSE/Qoivob DU]SEB_ '[cacs ‑ B[F/

Jberocib [CUD]]O 'Bfòeods ‑ AUSE/

Abrdiofb HBUSII 'Qbfombm bufb soivcstrc ‑ ZAQ/

Bfcxd P&OO& [rdpucstb mc aibsoòabaoñf mc ibs cspcaocs scjüf ibs abtcjdrèbs mc cspcaocs`dabics&

Cspcaocs [brbjubs$Ârcb mchbfmbftc< ’Cspcaocs quc jcfcrbihcftc auercf jrbfmcs ârcbs cf sus

hdvohocftds mobrods d cstbaodfbics& Jrbfmcs abrfèvdrds d gcreèvdrds y rbpbacs) sdf abfmombtbs‘&

[rdtcjocfmd suòaocftc gâeotbt pbrb bscjurbr su supcrvovcfaob sc cstâ ecfcòaobfmd dtrds aocftds mc

cspcaocs quc usbf hcfds supcròaoc&

Añfmdr $ [uhb $ Guoiièf $ Guchui $ Guoòb $ Jubfbad $ Bjuoiuagd adib rdlb

Cspcaocs Ofmoabmdrbs$ Cspcaoc iohotbmb pdr [rdacsd< ’Cspcaocs cstrcagbhcftc iojbmbs b cichcftds

eodiñjoads d prdacsds& Qdf scfsoeics b ids abheods y sdf ütoics cf ci hdfotdrcd mc ib abiombm mci gbeotbt‘&

o/ Dtufd 'scfsoeic b ib prcscfaob mc truagb hbrrñf/&

oo/ Bjuoiuagd mc adib rdlb y Bfmofd) Icaguzb ebtbrbz 'ofmoabmdrbs mc edsqucs hbmurds/&

ooo/ [btd mc ids ]drrcftcs 'ofmoabmdrb mc rèds mc hdftbòb adf râpomds cf eucf cstbmd mc adfscrvbaoñf/&

ov/ Añfmdr 'ofmoabmdrb mc rdqucmbics adf bitb movcrsombm mc cspcaocs mc `bufb/&

v/ Agurrèf jrbfmc 'scfsoeic b ib hdmoòabaoñf mci sdtdedsquc/&

vo/ ]uad tuad mc hbuic 'scfsoeic bi posdtcd pdr jbfbmcrèb/&

voo/ Ubfb jrâaoi) Ubfb vcrmc mdrbmb y Bisdmcs sp& 'scfsoeics b ib prcscfaob mc sbihñfomds/&

Cspcaocs Abroshâtoabs< ’Cspcaocs quc mcspocrtbf scftohocftds pdsotovds y bjrbmbf b ib Qdaocmbm y

pdr cfmc) pucmcf scr usbmbs pbrb quc sc prcstc btcfaoñf b ib Adfscrvbaoñf mc ib fbturbiczb‘

Guchui $ [umu $ Guoiièf $ Añfmdr $ Abrpoftcrd jrbfmc $ [uhb $ Icaguzb ebtbrbz $ Guoòb&

Cspcaocs Aibvc< ’Cfroqucacf ib ùfaoñf mci cadsostchb mc ufb hbfcrb üfoab y sojfoòabtovb b trbvïs

mc sus batovombmcs y su c`catd cs mcsprdpdraodfbmd cf rcibaoñf b su beufmbfaob‘&

o/ [oabìdr rueè 'aibvc cf ib pdiofozbaoñf mc pibftbs cf ci edsquc/

oo/ Hdfotd mc hdftc 'aibvc cf ib rcprdmuaaoñf y mospcrsoñf mci quoftrbi/

Bfcxd P




pâjofb f¼ 5?:

ooo/ Ubtb mc ids pofbrcs 'mospcrsoñf mc schoiibs mc Brbuabrob/

ov/ Abrpoftcrd jrbfmc 'aibvc bi prdvccr mc sotods mc fomoòabaoñf pbrb huagbs bvcs/

Cspcaocs iohotbmbs pdr rcaursds< ’Cspcaocs auybs pdeibaodfcs sc cfaucftrbf pbrtoauibrhcftciohotbmds pdr bijüf rcaursd‘

o/ Adioerè< iohotbmb pdr ib prcscfaob mci Ruoftrbi adhd üfoab ùcftc mc biohcftd cf ofvocrfd&

oo/ [btd mc ids ]drrcftcs< iohotbmd pdr ib prcscfaob y cxtcfsoñf mc rèds adf râpomds&

ooo/ Agofagoiiñf< iohotbmd pdr ib prcscfaob y beufmbfaob mc ebrmbs adf jroctbs&

ov/ Guoiièf< iohotbmd pdr ib prcscfaob mc hbardarustâacds adhd biohcftds abso cxaiusovds cf su moctb&

v/ [cibmoiib< iohotbmd pdr bheocftcs iotdrbics sdhcrds adf beufmbftc vcjctbaoñf pbiustrc&

Cspcaocs iohotbmbs pdr mospcrsoñf< ’Cspcaocs quc prcscftbf ufb iohotbmb abpbaombm mc mospcrsoñf

bsdaobmbs b abrbatcrèstoabs bfbtñhoabs) òsodiñjoabs u ctdiñjoabs mcsbrrdiibmbs cvdiutovbhcftc‘&

Ubfb vcrmc mdrbmb $ Ubfb jrâaoi $ Qbpotd vbqucrd $ Ubfbs mci jïfcrd Bisdmcs sp& $ Ibjbrtolbs mci

jïfcrd Iodibchus sp& $ Agurrèf jrbfmc $ Agofagoiiñf $ [uyïf&

Bfcxd P&OOO& Iostbmd mc bhcfbzbs cibedrbmd pdr ci jrupd mc `bufb bauâtoab&

2& Oftrdmuaaoñf mc cspcaocs cxñtoabs 'pdr mospcrsoñf fbturbi) pdr oftrdmuaaoñf dòaobi d ùrtovb y pdr

csabpcs mcsmc arobmcrds) ofaiusd `bvdrcaombs pdr ib bitcrbaoñf mc vcrtocftcs btiâftoab d pbaèòab/&

5& Hdmoòabaoñf mc aucfabs pdr mcsvèd mc aursds mc bjub 'hdmoòabaoñf mc aucfabs) bitcrbfmd ibs

vcrtocftcs btiâftoab y pbaèòab) bitcrbaoñf mc abumbics/&

1& Hdmoòabaoñf mc vbiics ìuvobics ñ ârcbs pcroibaustrcs bitcrbfmd ib vcjctbaoñf ropbrob 'mc`drcstbaoñf

d rc`drcstbaoñf adf cspcaocs cxñtoabs) adfstruaaoñf mc abhofds) urebfozbaoñf) ofacfmods/& Qcjüf

ci tbhbòd mci aucrpd d aursd mc bjub) sc rcquocrc prcscrvbr uf bfagd mc cftrc 1; y 2;; h mc

vcjctbaoñf roecrcòb mcsmc ib adtb hâxohb&

=& Adfstruaaoñf mc chebiscs y ib adfsojuocftc hdmoòabaoñf mc aucfabs) mosrupaoñf mc bheocftcs y

mcstruaaoñf mc adstbs&

3& Bitcrbaoñf mc zdfbs iotdrbics pdr usd mc ib adstb 'tbib) bjroauiturb) jbfbmcrèb) cta&/ quc ofvdiuarcf

abheods cf ids `cfñhcfds crdsovds fbturbics&

0& Adftbhofbaoñf mc fbpbs `rcâtoabs) vuciad mc cìucftcs y dtrds adftbhofbftcs bftrñpoads

'`crtoiozbftcs) pcstoaombs) mcscagds aidbabics mc acftrds urebfds) ofstbibaoñf mc posaoauiturbs)

cmoòabaodfcs turèstoabs) cta&/&

Bfcxd P




pâjofb f¼ 5?7

Ids btroeutds mc adfscrvbaoñf mc ib vcjctbaoñf ùcrdf usbmds cf ids csacfbrods 2) 5 y 1& Mci tdtbi

mc abtcjdrèbs mospdfoeics sc ciojocrdf 1;) ibs quc sc ofmoabf b adftofubaoñf&

v Edsquc mc brbuabrob

v Edsquc mc brbuabrob adf icfjb

v Edsquc mc brbuabrob adf òorcv Edsquc mc brbuabrob adf adoguc

v Edsquc mc rdeic pciiof

v Edsquc mc rdeic pciièf adf brbuabrob

v Edsquc mc rdeic pciièf adf rbuiè

v Edsquc mc rdeic pciièf adf aoprïs

v Edsquc mc rdeic pciièf adf adoguc

v Edsquc mc rbuiè

v Edsquc mc rbuiè adf adoguc

v Edsquc mc aoprïs

v Edsquc mc aoprïs adf rbmbi

v Edsquc mc aoprïs adf rbuiè

v Edsquc mc aoprïs adf brbuabrob

v Edsquc mc adoguc adf rbuiè

v Edsquc mc adoguc adf aoprïs

v Edsquc mc icfjb adf rbuiè

v Edsquc mc icfjb adf rdeic pciièf

v Edsquc mc icfjb adf brbuabrob

v Edsquc mc òorc adf brbuabrob

v Hbtdrrbi mc òorc adf brbuabrob

v Cstcpb jrbhofdsb adf brbuabrob

v Cstcpb breustovb adf brbuabrob

v [bstozbics fbturbics

v Cstcpb breustovb y suebreustovb

v Cstcpb jrbhofdsb y gcreâacb

Bfcxd PO Mctbiic mc btroeutds mc adfscrvbaoñf utoiozbmds cf mostoftdscsacfbrods adf ci sd`twbrc HBUWBF

Bfcxd PO






pâjofb f¼ 1;;

@dtdjrb`èbs mc tbpb<

2(]clomd hbpuagc 5(Bjuoib hdrb'Jcrbhdmctus hcibhdicuaus/ 1(Ibjd Hdqucguc =(Hdfotd mc Hdftc

'Mrchoaodps bustrbios/ 3(Pofd mc ids pblbrotds 'Bfbrtgrdpgyiiuh strojuiopctbiuh/ 0([umu [umu '[umu pumu/

:(Babhpc b droiibs mci [bohüf 7(Jbtd Guoòb '@ciox juojfb/ ?(Abòb Adioguc 'Agusqucb aduicbu/ 2;(

Ucwc) iujbr sbjrbmd hbpuagc 22(Gubfbad 'ibhb jubhoadc/ 25(Ub`tofj cf ci Uèd Biuhofï 21(Pdiaâf

Poiibrroab 2=(Cstrciiotb 'Bstcrbftgcrb dvbtb/ 23(Añfmdr ' Puitur jropgus/ 20( [cgucf 'Brbuabrob

brbuabfb/ 2:(Ofacfmod `drcstbi 27(Agofagoiiñf 'Ibjomouh vosabrob/ 2?([deibmdr 5;(Agbquctb bhbroiib

'Pcspuiâ jcrhbfoab/ 52(Pdiaâf Ibfèf 55(Acrchdfob Hbpuagc 51(Icaguzb ebtbrbzb'Btgcfc auhoauibrob/

5=(Ecrvcfb 'Lufciiob huiofdomcs/ 53(Guchui 'Goppdabhcius eosuibs/ 50(Adogucs 'Fdtgd`bjus mdhecyo/

5:(Ubfb vcrmc mdrbmb 'Goidrofb syivbtoab/ 57(Ibjd Aurruguï 5?([uhb '@ciox adfadibr/ 1;(Hdroiib mc

[rohbvcrb 'Hdragciib oftcrhcmob/ 12(Gcicagd [bihoiib 'Jicoagchob qubmropbrtotb/ 15(Absabmb Agbagèf

11(Edsquc mc Fdtgd`bjus cf dtdòd 1=([oabìdr rueè 'Qcpgbfdomcs jbicrotus/ 13( Ibjgd Iâabr cf

ofvocrfd 10([csab mcpdrtovb 1:(Abrpoftcrd pbtbjñfoad 'Abhpcpgoius hbjciibfoaus/ 17(Bscrrbmcrd

pdrtâtoi 1?(Gdlb mc Ubuiè 'Fdtgd`bjus fcrvdsb/ =;( Hbrabaoñf& [deibmdr Mdhofjd @crfâfmcz Ecstcagc

=2(Hutosob rcofb 'Hutosob mcaurrcfs/ =5(Aocrvd adidrbmd 'Acrvus cibpgus/ =1(Ruoftrbi ']rostcrox

adryhedsus/ ==(Guoiièf 'Idftrb prdvdabx/ =3(Acrrd Euquc =0(\drrd jros agoad '[scumbidpcx jroscus/

=:([bsd Añrmdeb cf dtdòd&

Butdrcs<

[beid Diovcro) Hbrèb Eciïf Jdwibfm) Udhofb Jujiobmb) @beoâf Eujfcst) Lbvocr Qbfjuofctto)

Brag ovds B[F) Brago vds [FI&



Documents

Diagnóstico del estado de conservación de la biodiversidad en el Parque Nacional Lanín