TRNG I HC K THUT - HU CN CAND

KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN

CHUYN C S D LIU PHN TN

Chuyn : NGHIN CU IN TON M MY

Gio vin hng dn:T.S PHM TH QU

Sinh vin thc hin:NHM 2

Lp:B2D1A

Kha:D1 (2011 - 2016)

H:I HC CHNH QUY

Bc Ninh, ngy 01 thng 06 nm 2015Chi tit phn chia cng vic cho tng thanh vin trong nhomPhn cng cng vic:1. Hoang c Long: Nhom trng- Word:+ t vn .+ Phn 2: Cng ngh ao hoa.+ Tng hp.2. Vu Quc HungNguyn Xun HoaHoang Tung Lmao Quy Ngoc- Word:Phn 1: Tng quan v in toan am myPhn 4: S phat trin cua in toan am my3. Trn c ManhL Vn Hip inh Manh HoangNguyn Vn HuyBui Trung Hiu- Word:Phn 2: Cng ngh ao hoaPhn 3: Bao mt trong mi trng in toan am my

MC LCT VN 1PHN 1: TNG QUAN V IN TON M MY21.1. Gii thiu v in ton m my.21.1.1. Khi nim v in ton m my.21.1.2. Li ch, u im v nhc im ca vic s dng in ton m my.31.1.3: Cc gii php ca in ton m my.51.2. Cu trc v phn loi in ton m my.81.2.1. Cu trc phn lp.81.2.2. Cch thc hot ng.91.2.3. Phn loi m my10PHN 2: TNG QUAN V CNG NGH O HA.152.1. Tng quan v o ha.152.1.1. Khi nim o ho152.1.2. Cc bt li ca gii php Server truyn thng162.2. Cc u nhc im ca o ha Server .162.2.1. u im ca o ha server:172.2.2. Hn ch ca cng ngh o ha server172.3. Cc thnh phn ca mt h thng o ho172.3.1. Ti nguyn vt l (host machine / host hardware).182.3.2. Cc phn mm o ha (virtual software).182.3.3.My o (virtual machine)182.3.4. H iu hnh khch(Guest operating system)182.4. Cc phng php o ha182.4.1. o ha phn cng (Hardware virtualization)192.4.2. o ha phn mm (Software virtualization).212.4.3. o ha b nh (Memory virtualization).222.4.4. o ha lu tr (Storage virtualization).222.4.5. o ha d liu (Data virtualization).222.4.6. o ha mng (Network virtualization).22PHN 3: BAO MT TRONG MI TRNG IN TOAN AM MY24 3.1. Cc vn bo mt243.2. Cc hng nghin cu bo mt cho in ton m my243.3. Mt s hng nghin cu in hnh cho bo mt trong in ton m my263.3.1. Phn tch theo quan im v vng i d liu263.3.2. Phn tch theo quan im p t m hnh chnh sch chung273.4. Kt lun28PHN 4: S PHAT TRIN CUA IN TOAN AM MY294.1. in toan am my co th phat trin nh th nao?294.2. Ba gai oan phat trin cua in toan am my294.2.1. Giai on 1: 2007 n 2011 - Tin phong v nh hng294.2.2. Giai don 2: 2010 dn 2013 - Cng c th trng294.2.3. Giai don 3: 2012 dn 2015 v sau ny - Chuyn hng tiu dung29

DANH MC HNH VHnh 1.1: Mi th u tp trung vo m my.2Hnh 1.2. Minh ha v cc dch v.6Hnh 1.3: M hnh cung cp ti nguyn v phn mm.8Hinh: 1.4: M ta am my ring.11Hinh 1.5: M ta am cng cng.12Hinh 1.6: M ta am my lai.13Hnh 2.1: Mt server vt l trong h thng o ha.15Hnh 2.2: Cc thnh phn ca mt h thng o ha.18Hnh 2.3: o ha network.23

T VN Mi cng ty, doanh nghip, hay cc vn phng dch v ....t khi c thnh lp u c nhng d liu ring v khch hng v d liu lin quan n chnh cng ty ca mnh. qun l hiu qu hiu qu d liu ca i tc ca chnh doanh nghip mt cch hiu qu l mt vn kh. Khng dng li qun l d liu, cc doanh nghip lun phi ua ra cc dch ngy cng p ng cc nhu cu ca khch hng v m rng th trng, mun vy cc doanh nghip cn :* Xy dng c s h tng mng- Thu ng truyn ring.- Mua trang thit b nh my ch, my trm, ni t my ch v cc thit b khc.- Xy dng i ng v cng ngh qun l, vn hnh, bo tr my ch, c s d liu.* Xy dng ng dng : cn phi ti u ha my ch, cc phn mm c phc v cho cng vic ca cng ty v trin khai cc dch v, ti u ha v mt lu tr v x l d liu.Vi mt s yu cu trn cho thy cc doanh nghip phi chi rt nhiu tin c th qun l tt d liu v trin khai cc dch v ca mnh.Khng nhng th, ng v mt x hi, khi dch v ca cc doanh nghip khng p ng yu cu ca khch hng vi nhng g m mnh b tin cho chnh cc doanh nghip th chnh khch hng l nhng ngi chu thit. Hn na cng ng khng c hng nhng dch v tt nht khi doanh nghip chm trin khai hoc khng trin khai dch v do hiu qu kinh t khng cao.

PHN 1: TNG QUAN V IN TON M MY1.1. Gii thiu v in ton m my

Hnh 1.1: Mi th u tp trung vo m my.1.1.1. Khi nim v in ton m myin ton m my (Cloud Computing) l mt khuynh hng cng ngh thng tin gn y ang c ni n nhiu trn th gii. c trng ca in ton m my l kh nng cung cp dch v thng tin, v cc ti nguyn tnh ton t trn mng (t m my in ton). Nh in ton m my em li nhng kh nng nh ti u vic s dng ti nguyn tnh ton, rt ngn thi gian trin khai cc d n nghin cu, c bit trong lnh vc cng ngh thng tin.* Lch s:Khi nim v in ton m my xut hin t nhng nm 1960, khi John McCarthy pht biu mt ngy no tnh ton c t chc nh mt tin ch cng cng. Trong thp nin 1980 thut ng in ton m my c bit di dng ng dng in ton li (grid computing) tip theo l in ton theo nhu cu (utility computing) v phn mm dch v (SaaS).Nm 1997, gio s Ramnath Chellappa l mt trong nhng ngi u tin s dng cm t in ton m my trong mt bi ging ca mnh, t cc hc gi s dng thut ng in ton m my mt cch thng dng.* inh nghia:C nhiu cch din t khc nhau v khi nim TM c cc nh cung cp dch v, cc cng ty t vn cng ngh, cc t chc nghin cu th trng, hoc gii nghin cu khoa hc a ra, tng TM cng ging nh mt chic o mi c tn TM, c khoc ln tp hp ca nhng dch v, cng ngh v ang c, cng thm nhng tnh nng c b sung, c pht trin thm. C th im li mt s cch din gii, nh ngha v TM nh sau:TM l khi ti nguyn v dch v IT c x l tch ri khi h tng bn di v c cung cp theo nhu cu ca ngi s dng, vi quy m ty bin v phc v cho mi trng nhiu ngi s dng t cng mt phin bn trin khai - din gii ca Cisco.TM l mt m hnh pht trin, trin khai IT mi, cho php cung cp trong thi gian thc cc sn phm, dch v v gii php qua mng Internet - din gii ca IDC.TM l mt hnh thc in ton m cc chc nng lin quan n IT vi kh nng m rng cao c cung cp n ngi s dng v khch hng di dng cc dch v thng qua cc cng ngh Internet - din gii ca Gartner.Ni n TM l ni n cc ng dng c cung cp di dng dch v qua Internet v c cung cp bi h thng phn cng v phn mm trong cc trung tm d liu. Cc ng dng ny cho n nay c gi bng tn Software-as-a- Service (SaaS). H thng phn cng v phn mm trong cc trung tm d liu c gi l m my.m my l ngun ti nguyn (phn cng, nn tng pht trin, dch v) c o ha v c th d dng tip cn v s dng. Ngun ti nguyn ny c th d dng c iu chnh cho ph hp vi nhu cu ca ngi s dng mang li hiu sut s dng ti a, v phng thc dng bao nhiu, tr by nhiu (pay-per-use) l cch m ngi s dng s dng ngun ti nguyn ny vi cht lng c m bo thng nht vi nh cung cp dch v trong bn SLA gia hai bn.TM l m hnh trin khai IT trn c s p dng o ha, trong ti nguyn (di dng h tng, hay ng dng, hay d liu) c a n ngi s dng qua mng Internet nh nhng ng dng c cc nh cung cp dch v cung cp. Cc dch v ny c tnh mm do, c th m rng theo nhu cu ca ngi s dng v c tnh tin theo phng thc dng bao nhiu, tr by nhiu (pay-per-use).Tm li in ton m my c th c nh ngha mt cch n gin nh l s s dng ti nguyn tnh ton c kh nng thay i theo nhu cu. c cung cp nh l mt dch v t bn ngoi vi chi ph tr cho mi ln s dng. Bn c th truy cp n bt k ti nguyn no tn ti trong "m my (cloud)" ti bt k thi im no v t bt k u thng qua h thng Internet. M khng phi quan tm xem lm cch no cc th ang c duy tr pha trong ca m my.Thut ng "m my" y l li ni n d ch mng Internet v lin tng v phc tp ca cc c s h tng bn trong. M hnh ny v ang c cc cng ty, doanh nghip hng n .S dng m hnh ny cc doanh nghip ch cn tr ph cho nhng ng dng m h dng, m khng cn u t nhiu vo s s h tng, cng nh quan tm nhiu n cng ngh.1.1.2. Li ch, u im v nhc im ca vic s dng in ton m my1.1.2.1. Li chTrc y c th trin khai mt ng dng (v d mt trang Web), phi i mua/thu mt hay nhiu my chu (server), sau t my chu tai cc trung tm d liu (data center) th nay TM cho php gin lc qu trnh mua/thu i. Ch cn nu ra yu cu cua mnh, h thng s t ng gom nht cc ti nguyn ri (free) p ng yu cu cua ban. Chnh v vy, c th k n mt vi li ch c bn cua TM nh sau:- S dng cc ti nguyn tnh ton ng (Dynamic computing resources): Cc ti nguyn c cp pht cho ngi dng ng nh nhng g mun mt cch tc thi. Thay v vic phi tnh ton xem c nn m rng hay khng, phi u t bao nhiu my chu th nay ngi dng ch cn yu cu v m my s t tm kim ti nguyn ri cung cp.- Gim chi ph: Ngi dng s c kh nng ct gim chi ph mua bn, ci t v bo tr ti nguyn. R rng thay v vic phi c mt chuyn gia i mua my chu, ci t my chu, bo tr my chu th nay chng cn phi lm g ngoi vic xc nh chnh xc ti nguyn mnh cn v yu cu tng kh nng s dng ti nguyn tnh ton. Khi s dng ti nguyn trn m my th khng cn phi quan tm ti vic u t ti nguyn (v d my chu) Kin trc hng dch v (SOA).- To nn s c lp: Ngi dng s khng cn b b hp vi 1 thit b hay 1 v tr c th no na. Vi in ton m my, phn mm, d liu c th c truy cp v s dng t bt k u, trn bt k thit b no m khng cn phi quan tm n gii hn phn cng cng nh a l. (Bn c th chi Call of Duty 6 trn iPad hoc iPhone m khng cn quan tm n cu hnh ca n)- Tng cng tin cy: D liu trong m hnh in ton m my c lu tr 1 cch phn tn ti nhiu cm my ch ti nhiu v tr khc nhau. iu ny gip tng tin cy, an ton ca d liu mi khi c s c hoc thm ha xy ra. (Hy tng tng 1 ngy no , server yu qu ca cng ty t nhin bc chy vi ton b d liu qu gi bn trong, bn s lm g?)- Bo mt: Vic tp trung d liu t nhiu ngun khc nhau s gip cc chuyn gia bo mt tng cng kh nng bo v d liu ca ngi dng, cng nh gim thiu ri ro b n cp ton b d liu. (D liu c t ti 6 my ch khc nhau trong trng hp hacker tn cng, bn cng s ch b l 1/6. y l 1 cch chia s ri ro gia cc t chc vi nhau)- Bo tr d dng: Mi phn mm u nm trn server, lc ny, ngi dng s khng cn lo lng cp nht hay sa li phn mm na. V cc lp trnh vin cng d dng hn trong vic ci t, nng cp ng dng ca mnh.Nh vy, TM ch l khi nim hon chnh cho mt xu hng mi bi nhiu c s hin khng c my chu ring, my tnh c nhn ch ci mt s phn mm c bn cn tt c u ph thuc vo m my. Vi cc dch v sn c trn Internet, cc c s ny s khng phi mua v duy tr hng trm, thm ch hng nghn my tnh cng nh phn mm. H c th tp trung vo cng vic bi c ngi khc lo c s ha tng v cng ngh thay h. Tuy vy, c th tn dng ti a TM th iu quan trng l c s cn phi tm mt nh cung cp m my u tt p ng c cho mnh tt c nhng iu trn. Trong tng lai, TM s rt hu ch khi n vn c ti vic s dng nhng ti nguyn d tha trong cc my tnh c nhn.1.1.2.2. u im v th manh- Tc x l nhanh, cung cp cho ngi dng nhng dch v nhanh chng v gi thnh r da trn nn tng c s h tng tp trung (m my).- Chi ph u t ban u v c s h tng, my mc v ngun nhn lc ca ngi s dng TM c gim n mc thp nht.- Khng cn ph thuc vo thit b v v tr a l, cho php ngi dng truy cp v s dng h thng thng qua trnh duyt web bt k u v trn bt k thit b no m h s dng (chng hn l PC hoc in thoi di ng.)- Chia s ti nguyn v chi ph cho mt a bn rng ln, mang li cc li ch cho ngi dng nh :+ Tp trung c s h tng ti mt v tr gip ngi dng khng tn nhiu gi thnh u t v trang thit b. Cng sut x l nhanh hn do tn dng ti a sc mnh phn cng. Ngoi ra ngi dng khng cn ngun nhn lc qun l h thng.+ i vi c nhn thng thng: Vi tin cy cao, khng ch ginh cho ngi dng ph thng, TM ph hp vi cc yu cu cao v lin tc ca cc cng ty kinh doanh v cc nghin cu khoa hc.- Kh nng m rng, gip ci thin chp lng dch v c cung cp trn m my.- Kh nng bo mt do s tp trung ca d liu.- ng dng d dng sa cha.1.1.2.3. Nhc imTuy nhin, m hnh in ton ny vn cn mc phi mt s nhc im sau:- Tnh ring t : Cc thng tin ngi dng v d liu c cha trn TM cha m bo c ring t cc thng tin s c th b l ra.- Tnh sn dng: C th cc dch v m my c b treo bt ng. Khin cho ngi dng khng th truy cp cc dch v v d liu ca mnh trong khong thi gian no khin nh hng ti cng vic.- Mt d liu: Nu xy ra cc s c bn pha m my. C th dn ti tnh trng mt hon ton d liu m ngi dng lu tr. Tuy nhin xc sut xy ra l rt nh v bn c th tin tng vo iu .- Kh nng bo mt thng tin vn l 1 vn nhc nhi v kh c c s m bo tuyt i t pha nh cung cp dch v.1.1.3. Cc gii php ca in ton m myCloud Computing ra i gii quyt cc vn sau:1.1.3.1. Vn v lu tr d liuD liu c lu tr tp trung cc kho d liu khng l. Cc cng ty ln nh Microsoft, Google c hng chc kho d liu trung tm nm ri rc khp ni trn th gii. Cc cng ty ln ny s cung cp cc dch v cho php doanh nghip c th lu tr v qun l d liu ca h trn cc kho lu tr trung tm.1.1.3.2. Vn v sc mnh tnh tonC 2 gii php chnh:- S dng cc siu my tnh (super-computer) x l tnh ton.- S dng cc h thng tnh ton song song, phn tn, tnh ton li (grid computing).1.1.3.3. Vn v cung cp ti nguyn, phn mmM hnh in ton m my cung cp cho ngi dng v doanh nghip cc m hnh cung cp nhm gii quyt trit vn v cung cp ti nguyn, phn mm nh sau:

Hnh 1.2. Minh ha v cc dch v.- Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS Dch v h tng): Cung cp cho ngi dng h tng th (thng l di hnh thc cc my o) nh l mt dch v.IAAS l mt m hnh dch v m s cung cp cc thit b nhm h tr hot ng h thng cho khch hng. Cc thit b bao gm kho d liu, phn cng, my ch (Server) v cc thnh phn Networking. Nh cung cp s lm ch cc thit b v chu trch nhim cho vic hot ng v bo tr h thng. Khch hng s tr tin trn cc dch v . Nhng kin trc o xp chng l mt v d ca xu hng mi th l dch v v c cng nhng im chung. Hn hn mt my ch cho thu, khng gian lu tr tp trung hay thit b mng, my trm thay v u t mua nhng ti nguyn th c th thu y dch v bn ngoi. Nhng dch v ny thng thng c tnh chi ph trn c s tnh ton chc nng v lng ti nguyn s dng (v t ra chi ph) s phn nh c mc ca hot ng. y l mt s pht trin ca nhng gii php lu tr web v my ch c nhn o.Nhng c trng tiu biu:+ Cung cp ti nguyn nh l dch v: bao gm c my ch, thit b mng, b nh, CPU, khng gian a cng, trang thit b trung tm d liu.+ Kh nng m rng linh hot.+ Chi ph thay i ty theo thc t.+ Nhiu ngi thu c th dung chung trn mt ti nguyn.+ Cp doanh nghip: em li li ch cho cng ty bi mt ngun ti nguyn tnh ton tng hp.- Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS Dch v nn tng).Cung cp nn tng tnh ton v mt tp cc gii php nhiu lp. N h tr vic trin khai ng dng m khng quan tm n chi ph hay s phc tp ca vic trang b v qun l cc lp phn cng v phn mm bn di, cung cp tt c cc tnh nng cn thit h tr chu trnh sng y ca vic xy dng v cung cp mt ng dng v dch v web sn sng trn Internet m khng cn bt k thao tc ti hay ci t phn mm cho nhng ngi pht trin, qun l tin hc, hay ngi dng cui. N cn c bit n vi mt tn khc l cloudware.Cung cp dch v nn tng (PaaS) bao gm nhng iu kin cho qui trnh thit k ng dng, pht trin, kim th, trin khai v lu tr ng dng c gi tr nh l dch v ng dng nh cng tc nhm, sp xp v tch hp dch v web, tch hp c s d liu, bo mt, kh nng m rng, qun l trng thi, phin bn ng dng, cc li ch cho cng ng pht trin v nghin cu ng dng. Nhng dch v ny c chun b nh l mt gii php tnh hp trn nn web.Nhng c trng tiu biu:+ Phc v cho vic pht trin, kim th, trin khai v vn hnh ng dng ging nh l mi trng pht trin tch hp.+ Cc cng ty khi to giao din trn nn web.+ Kin trc thng nht.+ Tch hp dch v web v CSDL.+ H tr cng tc nhm pht trin.+ Cng c h tr tin ch.Cc yu t: Thun li:+ Dch v nn tng (PaaS) ang thi k u v c a chung nhng tnh nng vn c a thch bi dch v phn mm ( cp sau), bn cnh c tch hp cc yu t v nn tng h thng.+ u im trong nhng d n tp hp nhng cng vic nhm c s phn tn v a l.+ Kh nng tch hp nhiu ngun ca dch v web.+ Gim chi ph ngoi l khi tch hp cc dch v v bo mt, kh nng m rng, kim sot li+ Gim chi ph khi tru tng ha cng vic lp trnh mc cao to dch v, giao din ngi dng v cc yu t ng dng khc.+ Mong i ngi dng c kin thc c th tip tc hon thin v h tr tng tc vi nhiu ngi gip xc nh mc kh khn ca vn chng ta gp phi.+ Hng vic s dng cng ngh t c mc ch to iu kin d dng hn cho vic pht trin ng dng a ngi dng cho nhng ngi khng ch trong nhm lp trnh m c th kt hp nhiu nhm cng lm vic.Kh khn:+ Rng buc bi nh cung cp: do gii hn ph thuc v dch v ca nh cung cp.+ Gii hn pht trin: phc tp khin n khng ph hp vi yu cu pht trin nhanh v nhng tnh nng phc tp khi hin thc trn nn tng web.- Software-as-a-Service (SaaS Dch v phn mm): Cung cp dch v phn mm thc thi t xa.Dch v phn mm (SaaS) l mt m hnh trin khai ng dng m ngi cung cp cho php ngi dng s dng dch v theo yu cu. Nhng nh cung cp SaaS c th lu tr ng dng trn my ch ca h hoc ti ng dng xung thit b khch hng, v hiu ha n sau khi kt thc thi hn. Cc chc nng theo yu cu c th c kim sot bn trong chia s bn quyn ca mt nh cung cp ng dng th ba.Nhng c trng tiu biu:+ Phn mm sn c i hi vic truy xut, qun l qua mng.+ Qun l cc hot ng t mt v tr tp trung hn l ti mi ni ca khch hng, cho php khc hng truy xut t xa thng qua web.+ Cung cp ng dng thng thng gn gi vi m hnh nh x t mt n nhiu hn l m hnh 1:1 bao gm c cc c trng kin trc, gi c v qun l.+ Nhng tnh nng tp trung nng cp, gii phng ngi dng khi vic ti cc bn v li v cp nht.+ Thng xuyn tch hp nhng phn mm giao tip trn mng din rng.

Hnh 1.3: M hnh cung cp ti nguyn v phn mm.1.2. Cu trc v phn loi in ton m my1.2.1. Cu trc phn lpV c bn, in ton m my c chia ra thnh 5 lp ring bit , c tc ng qua li ln nhau:1.2.1.1. Client (Lp Khch hng) Lp Client ca in ton m my bao gm phn cng v phn mm, da vo khch hng c th truy cp v s dng cc ng dng / dch v c cung cp t in ton m my. Chng hn my tnh v ng dy kt ni Internet (thit b phn cng) v cc trnh duyt web (phn mm) 1.2.1.2. Application (Lp ng dng )Lp ng dng ca in ton m my lm nhim v phn phi phn mm nh mt dch v thng qua Internet, ngi dng khng cn phi ci t v chy cc ng dng trn my tnh ca mnh, cc ng dng d dng c chnh sa v ngi dng d dng nhn c s h tr. Cc c trng chnh ca lp ng dng bao gm: Cc hot ng qun l ti trung tm ca m my, ch khng nm pha khch hng (Lp Client) cho php khch hng truy cp cc ng dng t xa thng qua website. Ngi dng khng cn cn thc hin cc tnh nng nh cp nht phin bn, bn v li, download phin bn mi.. bi chng s c thc hin t h thng m my.1.2.1.3. Platform (Lp nn tng )Cung cp nn tng cho in ton v cc gii php ca dch v, chi phi n cu trc h tng ca c m my. L c s cho lp ng dng hot ng trn nn tng . N gim nh s tn km khi trin khai cc ng dng v khng phi trang b c s h tng (phn cng v phn mm) ca ring n.1.2.1.4. Infrastructure (Lp c s h tng)Cung cp h tng my tnh, tiu biu l mi trng nn o ho. Thay v khch hng b tin ra mua cc server, phn mm, trung tm d liu hoc thit b kt ni. Gi y h vn c th y ti nguyn s sng m chi ph c gim thiu hoc thm ch min ph. y l mt bc tin ca m hnh my ch o (Virtual Private Server).1.2.1.5. Server (Lp Server - My ch)Bao gm cc sn phm phn cng v phn mm c thit k v xy dng c bit cung cp cc dch v ca in ton m my. Cc server phi c xy dng v c cu hnh mnh (thm ch rt mnh ) p ng nhu cu s dng ca s lng ng o ngi s dng h thng m my.1.2.2. Cch thc hot ngBao gm 2 lp : Lp Back-end v lp Front-end.1.2.2.1. Lp Front-endFront end l phn pha khch hng dng my tnh. Cho php ngi s dng thao tc thng qua giao din ngi dng. Khi ngi dng truy cp cc dch v trc tuyn h s phi s dng thng qua giao din lp Front-end v cc phn mm s c chy trn lp Back-end nm m my. Front end bao gm h thng mng ca khch hng (hoc my tnh) v cc ng dng c s dng truy cp vo m my thng qua giao din ngi dng c th l mt trnh duyt web.1.2.2.2. Lp Back-end Back end chnh l m my, bao gm cc my tnh khc nhau, my ch, cc thit b lu tr d liu, phn mm cung cp giao din cho lp Front-end v c ngi dng tc ng thng qua giao din .Bi v cc my tnh trn m my c thit lp hot ng cng nhau, do vy cc ng dng c th s dng ton b sc mnh ca cc my tnh c th t c hiu sut cao nht. in ton m my cng p ng y linh hot cho ngi dng. Tu thuc vo nhu cu, ngi dng c th tng thm ti nguyn m cc m my cn s dng p ng m khng cn phi nng cp thm ti nguyn phn cng cng nh s dng my tnh c nhn. Ngoi ra vi in ton m my vn hn ch ca h iu hnh khi s dng cc ng dng khng cn b rng buc nh cch s dng my tnh thng thng. 1.2.3. Phn loi m myHin nay, cc nh cung cp a ra nhiu dch v ca TM theo nhiu hng khc nhau, a ra cc chun ring cng nh cch thc hot ng khc nhau. Do , vic tch hp cc m my gii quyt mt bi ton ln ca khch hng vn cn l mt vn kh khn. Chnh v vy, cc nh cung cp dch v ang c xu hng tch hp cc m my li vi nhau thnh sky computing (tm dch l in ton bu tri), a ra cc chun chung gii quyt cc bi ton ln ca khch hng.Cc dch v m my cng cng (tr tin s dng) nh EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud) ca Amazon v Azure ca Microsoft l nhng bng chng cho khi nim cng ngh m my. Tuy nhin, thay v chuyn dch phn ln nn tng CNTT ca ring mnh ti cc dch v chia s ti nguyn c duy tr mt cch chuyn nghip, th hu ht cc cng ty ngy nay li ang s dng m my xy dng h tng o ni b ca h.Li ch ln nht ca m my l kh nng kt ni cc h tng khng tng thch khc nhau, khng ch mt hoc hai ng dng ti mt thi im, m kh nng ca n cho khch hng quay vng nng lc tnh ton nhiu hn khi h cn, chuyn gia phn tch Ian Song ca tp on D liu Quc t IDC cho bit. Kho st th trng ca IDC d on rng chi tiu cho dch v m my s tng t 17 triu USD trong nm 2009 ln n 44 triu USD vo nm 2013. Hu ht mi ngi u khng r lm nhng g l o ha hay nhng g my s s dng, theo Roger Johnson, k s h thng cao cp ti cng ty cung cp gii php h tng mng SyCom Technologies.Mi ngi trng c v nh ang quan tm n my, nhng h khng mun dnh lu vo n cho n khi c nhiu s cng nhn hn v thnh qu ghi nhn tt hn, Johnson ni.Hu ht cc cng ty dng phng php tip cn my t t, thm cc giao din dng m my ti cc h thng hin c, xy dng cc h thng mi trn nhng h thng tng tc cao, c o ha, hoc thu my ch, a im t my ch hay cc dch v trc tuyn p ng nhng nhu cu c th ca h, Wolf ni.Khng c mt m hnh no kt hp c ht cc u im ca mi bin th dch v m my, nhng mt vi m hnh thch hp ni ln:1.2.3.1. m my ring

Hinh: 1.4: M ta am my ring.L cc dch v m my c cung cp trong doanh nghip. Nhng m my ny tn ti bn trong m hnh mng cng ty v chng c doanh nghip qun l, chu trch nhim thit lp v bo tr m my.Nh l hnh thc ph bin nht ca TM cc m my ring (dng cho ni b c s) cho php mt cng ty ph cc lp o ha v phn mm qun l ln c s h tng hin c lin kt cc my ch, lu tr , mng, d liu v cc ng dng. Mc tiu: Sau khi chng c kt ni vi nhau v o ha, CNTT c th chuyn i lu tr, nng lc tnh ton hoc cc ngun ti nguyn khc, mt cch v hnh, t mt ni ti ni khc cung cp cho tt c cc b phn ngi dng cui mi ngun ti nguyn m h cn bt c lc no, nhng khng c nhiu hn th.Cc m my ring lm cho vic qun l thng tin v cng ngh d dng hn, Cc m my ring c nhiu li th nh vic kim sot chi tit cc ti nguyn khc nhau trn m my gip cng ty c cc la chn cu hnh ph hp. Cc m my ring s rt l tng khi cng vic ang c thc hin khng cn n mt m my chung v s khng lo ngi ti vn an ninh, qun l.1.2.3.2. m my cng cng cho thu

Hinh 1.5: M ta am cng cng.m my cng cng (hay cn gi l m my ngoi) - bt k dch v CNTT c duy tr bi mt nh cung cp dch v bn ngoi v c truy cp thng qua Internet - gip gim chi ph, tng hiu qu CNTT nhng li gp vn v mt an ninh, thiu tin cy, ln xn v nguy c thm ha. Trong mt cuc kho st gn y ca Portio Research, 68% s ngi c hi t ra lo ngi v an ninh t cc d n my; 58% ni rng hiu sut cng l mt nhc im.Cc m my cng cng cung cp cho khch hng cc dch v cng ngh thng tin tt nht. C th l phn mm, c s h tng ng dng hoc c s h tng vt l. Cc nh cung cp m my chu trch nhim ci t, qun l, cung cp v bo tr. Khch hng tnh ph cho cc ti nguyn no m h s dng. Cc dch v thng c cung cp vi cc quy c v cu hnh, chng c cung cp vi nhng trng hp s dng ph bin nht. Khch hng ch c quyn truy cp vo ti nguyn c cp pht.1.2.3.3. m my lai

Hinh 1.6: M ta am my lai.L s kt hp ca cc m my cng cng v ring. Nhng m my ny thng do doanh nghip to ra v chu trch nhim qun l. N c phn chia gia doanh nghip v nh cung cp m my cng cng. m my lai s dng cc dch v c trong c trong m my cng cng v ring.Cc m my lai c cc cng ty s dng dch v trn . Cng ty c th a ra nhng li ch khi s dng m my chung v ring. Mt m my lai c xy dng tt c th phc v khch hng tt nht, an ton.Hn ch chnh vi m my lai l kh khn trong vic to ra v qun l chng. Gii php t ra l tip nhn v cung cp cc dch v t cc ngun khc nhau nh th chng c ngun gc t mt ni v c th tng tc gia cc m my ring v chung.Tng lai gn ca Cng ngh thng tin chnh l m hnh m my lai. TM lai c th bao gm mt hn hp cc m my ni b, cc dch v m my bn ngoi v nhng la chn SaaS (Software as a Service - phn mm nh l dch v) truyn thng. Vic lai ghp cc mnh nn tnh n tng c s c th v ty theo tng t chc CNTT cung cp dch v.Thay v mua dch v quy m ln t Amazon hoc cc cng ty lu tr khc m phi vt v vi rt nhiu cng vic, t cu hnh ti qun l, bn ch cn mt dch v cung cp nn tng CNTT theo yu cu cho cc nhm lm vic ch khng phi l ton c s, theo Steve Peltzman, Gim c CNTT ca Bo tng ngh thut hin i ca thnh ph New York: Chng ti, ging nh rt nhiu cng ty, ch c mt b cc my ch hot ng cho bt c iu g, v bn khng mun thm mt tnh nng bi v bn khng mun can thip vo cc my ang hot ng, Peltzman ni. C rt nhiu th chng ta phi p ng trong ngy m khng c cc my ch dng rack (rack server) c th ko ra thc hin. Chng ti nhn vo quyt nh thu ngoi cc nh cung cp SaaS, nh Salesforce, email ca Gmail, Amazon hoc Cloudshare cho nn tng. i khi ti khng bit chng ti s s dng mt dch v hoc chc nng c th lm g, nhng ti bit chng ti s cn n n. l v sao ti ang tm ti cc m my.ng dng thc t ca in ton m my:Google Drive: l mt ni m bn c th to, chia s v gi tt c d liu ca bn.Bn c th lm vic vi nhng ngi khc trong cng thi gian thc trn cc ti liu, bng tnh v ti liu thuyt trnh. Mt khi bn chn chia s ni dung vi nhng ngi khc, bn c th thm v tr li cc kin v bt c iu g (PDF, hnh nh, video file, ) v nhn c thng bo khi nhng ngi khc nhn xt v cc mc chia s.Google Drive s lu tr tt c mi th mt cch an ton v bn c th truy cp n bt c ni no (c bit l trong khi di chuyn). Tt c cc d liu ca bn s c tt c mi ni . Bn c th truy cp vo d liu ca bn t bt c ni no trn web, trong nh ca bn, ti vn phng, trong khi chy vic vt v t tt c cc thit b ca bn. Bn c th ci t Drive trn bt c loi my tnh hoc thit b di ng thng minh no, bt c u. Ch cn c thit b v mng internet.Vi Google drive bn s khng phi lo v vic mt d liu mi khi my ca mnh xy ra s c bi cc ti liu ca bn c lu tr trn cc m my. s dng Google drive bn s khng mt chi ph u t no c. Bn ch mt ph khi mun u t thm cho khng gian lu tr v tng hiu xut lm vic ca mnh m thi.

PHN 2: TNG QUAN V CNG NGH O HA2.1. Tng quan v o ha2.1.1. Khi nim o hoo ha l mt cng ngh c ra i nhm khai thc trit kh nng lm vic ca cc phn cng trong mt h thng my ch. N hot ng nh mt tng trung gian gia h thng phn cng my tnh v phn mm chy trn n. tng ca cng ngh o ha my ch l t mt my vt l n l c th to thnh nhiu my o c lp. o ha cho php to nhiu my o trn mt my ch vt l, mi mt my o cng c cp pht ti nguyn phn cng nh my tht gm c Ram, CPU, Card mng, cng, cc ti nguyn khc v h iu hnh ring. Khi chy ng dng, ngi s dng khng nhn bit c ng dng chy trn lp phn cng o.

Hnh 2.1: Mt server vt l trong h thng o ha.Cc b x l ca h thng my tnh ln c thit k h tr cng ngh o ho v cho php chuyn cc lnh hoc tin trnh nhy cm ca cc my o c th nh hng trc tip n ti nguyn h thng cho h iu hnh ch x l, sau lp o ha s m phng kt qu tr v cho my o. Tuy nhin khng phi tt c b x l u h tr o ha. Cc b x l c trn my bn iu khng c h tr chc nng ny. Ngy nay hai nh sn xut b x l ln trn th gii l Intel v AMD u tch c gng tch hp cng ngh o ha vo trong cc sn phm ca h. Cc b x l c ng dng o ha thng l Intel VT(Virtual Technology) hoc AMD Pacifica.S dng cng ngh o ha em n cho ngi dng s tin ch. Vic c th chy nhiu h iu hnh ng thi trn cng mt my tnh thun tin cho vic hc tp ngin cu v nh gi mt sn phm h iu hnh hay mt phn mm tin ch no . Nhng khng ngng li , nhng kh nng v li ch ca o ho cn hn th v ni gt hi c nhiu thnh cng v to nn thng hiu ca cng ngh o ha chnh l trong mi trng h thng my ch ng dng v h thng mng.o ha my ch thc s khng c quan tm cho n nhng nm gn y. Do cn nhiu vn v cng ngh v ngi dng cha thc s quan tm ti li ch v cn thiu mt i ng am hiu v cng ngh ny nn vic p dng n vo h thng rt d dt. Nhng khi i mt vi thc trng khng hong ca nn kinh t ton cu th bt k mt doanh nghip no cng ch tm tm mt gii php tit kim hn. y cng l lc cng ngh o ha tm c ch ng vng chc cho mnh trong lnh vc cng ngh thng tin trn th gii. Hin nay c nhiu nh cung cp cc sn phm my ch v phn mm iu ch tm u t nghin cu v pht trin cng ngh ny nh l HP, IBM, Microsoft v VMware. Nhiu dng o ha c a ra v c th chia thnh hai dng chnh l o ha cng v o ha mm. T hai dng ny sau ny mi pht trin thnh nhiu loi o ha c chc nng v cu trc khc nhau nh VMM-Hypervisor,VMM , Hybrido ha cng cn c gi l phn thn my ch. Dng o ha ny cho php to nhiu my o trn mt my ch vt l. Mi my o chy h iu hnh ring v c cp pht cc ti nguyn phn cng nh s xung nhp CPU, cng v b nh... Cc ti nguyn ca my ch c th c cp pht ng mt cch linh ng ty theo nhu cu ca tng my o. Gii php ny cho php hp nht cc h thng my ch cng knh thnh mt my ch duy nht v cc my ch trc y by gi ng vai tr l my o ng dng chy trn n. o ha mm cn gi l phn thn h iu hnh. N thc ra ch l sao chp bn sao ca mt h iu hnh chnh lm nhiu h iu hnh con v cho php cc my o ng dng c th chy trn n. Nh vy, nu h iu hnh ch l Linux th cch o ho ny s cho php to thm nhiu bn Linux lm vic trn cng my. Cch ny c u im l ch cn mt bn quyn cho mt h iu hnh v c th s dng cho cc my o cn li. Nhc im ca n l khng th s dng nhiu h iu hnh khc nhau trn cng mt my ch.2.1.2. Cc bt li ca gii php Server truyn thng- Gim chi ph u t phn cng: p ng nhng yu cu khng ngng v vic trin khai, pht trin cc dch v v ng dng mi, cc t chc cn phi tip tc tng thm s lng my ch. Tuy nhin, khi cng nhiu my ch th nhng vn kh khn li cng r hn:- Chi ph tng: vic mua thm my ch mi s bao gm chi ph mua my ch v cc loi chi ph khc: ngun in, cooling, khng gian t my ch trong,- Hiu qu u t thp: vi mi mt my ch dnh ring cho mt ng dng x86 (ti thp) s lm nng sut hot ng ca CPU ch khong 5-15%.- Gim kh nng qun l: kh qun l hn khi ngy cng nhiu my ch v ng dng trong mt mi trng phc tp vi nhiu loi h iu hnh, nhng phn cng, nhng loi my ch khc nhau.- Hiu qu cng vic gim: nhn vin IT s tp trung nhiu thi gian hn cho vic trin khai my ch, cu hnh, gim st v bo tr. V vy khng cn tp trung nhiu vo cc hot ng, cc d n gip nng cao cp h tng thng tin.2.2. Cc u nhc im ca o ha Server 2.2.1. u im ca o ha serverTi nguyn (RAM, vi x l,) ca server o c s dng nhiu hn (so vi server ci mt h iu hnh/ng dng) vi nhiu h iu hnh v ng dng chia s trn mt ti nguyn server vt l.- o ha server cho php s dng ti a ti nguyn ca server vt l t cho php gim s lng server vt l cn thit.- Khi mt server ngng hot ng (do phn cng hoc ng dng, hoc do hot ng bo tr), vn c th trnh c thi gian downtime ca ng dng bng cch di chuyn chng n mt server khc. iu ny m bo sn sng cao ca ng dng.- Cc ng dng cng c th chuyn t trung tm d liu chnh n trung tm d liu d phng d dng gip cho chin lt d phng (disaster recovery) hiu qu.- C th tng hoc gim ti nguyn phc v cho ng dng ty theo nhu cu. Trnh c vic u t tha server cho cc ng dng.- Cc h iu hnh/ng dng hot ng c lp vi nhau, vn bo mt c m bo.- o ha server rt c ch trong mi trng th nghim, demo, v khng cn phi c nhiu server vt l.2.2.2. Hn ch ca cng ngh o ha server- Ti nguyn cung cp cho mi my o cn phi hoch nh cn thn. Nu ti nguyn c cp t so vi thc t th hiu sut ng dng s khng cao, gy ra mt hiu qu v ngc li. Do , cc server c o ha cn tnh ton k ti nguyn vic s dng c hiu qu.- Cc server vt l c vi x l 32 bit khng nhn c b nh RAM thc t. Do phi m bo b x l 64 bit chy ng dng o ha. Tuy nhin khng phi tt c ng dng u hot ng c trn vi x l 64 bit.- Ch c mt vi vi x l h tr o ha. Do di chuyn mt my o t server ny sang server khc cn phi kim tra xem cc server c cng dng v h tr o ha khng.Phn mm chuyn i bn trong hypervisor kt ni nhiu my o (h iu hnh-ng dng) i khi khng th thch hp vi cu hnh mng c sn nh VLAN/ QoS2.3. Cc thnh phn ca mt h thng o hoMt h thng o ha bao gm nhng thnh phn sau: - Ti nguyn vt l (host machine,host hardware).- Cc phn mm o ha (virtual software) cung cp v qun l mi trng lm vic ca cc my o.- My o (virtual machine) l cc my c ci trn phn mm o ha.- H iu hnh: l h iu hnh c ci trn my o.

Hnh 2.2: Cc thnh phn ca mt h thng o ha.2.3.1. Ti nguyn vt l (host machine / host hardware)Cc ti nguyn vt l trong mi trng o ha cung cp ti nguyn m cc my o s s dng ti. Mt mi trng ti nguyn ln c th cung cp c cho nhiu my o chy trn n v hiu qu lm vic ca cc my o cao hn. Cc ti nguyn vt l thng thng nh l a cng, ram, card mng.2.3.2. Cc phn mm o ha (virtual software)Lp phn mm o ha ny cung cp s truy cp cho mi my o n ti nguyn h thng. N cng chu trch nhim lp k hoch v phn chia ti nguyn vt l cho cc my o. Phn mm o ha l nn tng ca mt mi trng o ha. N cho php to ra cc my o cho ngi s dng, qun l cc ti nguyn v cung cp cc ti nguyn ny n cc my o. K hoch qun l s dng ti nguyn khi c s tranh chp mt ti nguyn c bit ca cc my o, iu ny dn ti s hiu qu lm vic ca cc my o. Ngoi ra phn mm o ha cn cung cp giao din qun l v cu hnh cho cc my o. 2.3.3. My o (virtual machine)Thut ng my o c dng chung khi miu t c my o (lp 3) v h iu hnh o (lp 4). My o thc cht l mt phn cng o mt mi trng hay mt phn vng trn a. Trong mi trng ny c y thit b phn cng nh mt my tht. y l mt kiu phn mm o ha da trn phn cng vt l. Cc h iu hnh khch m chng ta ci trn cc my o ny khng bit phn cng m n nhn thy l phn cng o.2.3.4. H iu hnh khch(Guest operating system)H iu hnh khch c xem nh mt phn mm (lp 4) c ci t trn mt my o (lp 3) gip ta c th s dng d dng v x l cc s c trong mi trng o ha. N gip ngi dng c nhng thao tc ging nh l ang thao tc trn mt lp phn cng vt l thc s.Khi c cc thnh phn trn th bn c th xy dng cho mnh mt h thng ng dng o ha. Ngoi vic la chn phn cng cho thch hp bn cn phi cn nhc xem phi s dng phn mm o ha g hoc loi o ha no. iu ny rt quan trng trong vic ti u ha hiu sut lm vic cho h thng ca bn.2.4. Cc phng php o haMt s ng dng ph bin ca o ha tp trung xung quanh khi nim: o ha l s tru tng ha cc ti nguyn vt l. Thc t l c nhiu phng php o ha.2.4.1. o ha phn cng (Hardware virtualization)Phng php o ha u tin, quan trng v l tin cho cc phng php khc chnh l o ha phn cng (Hardware Virtualization).o ha phn cng cp n vic to ra mt my o hot ng nh mt my tnh thc s vi h iu hnh ring. Phn mm thc hin cc my o c tch ra t cc ti nguyn phn cng nm bn di. V d, mt my tnh ang chy h iu hnh Win 7 c th t chc mt my o ging nh mt my tnh vi h iu hnh Linux. Sau , Linux da trn phn mm c th chy trn my o .Trong o ha phn cng, my ch dng ch my thc t m cng ngh o ha din ra, cc my khch cp n cc my o. S l thuc ca cc my khch vo my ch thng qua phn mm to my o trn phn cng my ch c gi l my o monitor (VMM) hoc hypervisor. Mt my o l mt mi trng my tnh c hin thc bng phn mm v nh vo s chia s ti nguyn phn cng my vt l t cho php nhiu h iu hnh cng chy trn mt my tnh. Mi my o c mt h iu hnh my khch ring l v c phn b cng, card mng, CPU v cc ti nguyn phn cng khc mt cch hp l. Lc ny mi h iu hnh trn my o thc thi cc tc v trong mi trng o c to ring cho chng v to cm gic nh ang lm vic trc tip vi mi trng phn cng my tht.Thut ng hypervisor ln u tin c s dng trong nm 1965. N cho php cc m hnh IBM 360/65 chia s b nh ca n: mt na hot ng nh mt IBM 360; na nh l mt IBM m phng 7080. Cc phn mm, c gn nhn hypervisor lm chuyn i gia 2 ch trn c s phn chia thi gian. Khi nim xy dng nn gii php o ha mt my vt l thnh nhiu my o chnh l Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM), sau ny c bit n nhiu vi tn gi hypervisor. VMM chnh l li gii p cho vic to, tch ri v duy tr tnh trng my o cng nh vic iu phi ti nguyn phn cng. Mc d cho php nhiu h iu hnh khc nhau nhng trong thc t vn gii hn nhng h iu hnh c th chy trn vi x l my tht. Sau ny chng ta bit n Hyper-V s dng da trn cng ngh hypervisor 64-bit cung cp cho cc my o chy Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2003, bn phn phi Linux, hoc Xen-enabled Linux, n c kh nng lm vic cht ch vi cc CPU v b nh trong mt mi trng chung, tng hiu sut lm vic. Vi mi cch tip cn khc nhau, chng ta s c kin trc hypervisor vi nhng c th ring. 2.4.1.1. o ha y (Full virtualization)Full_virtualization l mt thut ng din t 1 h iu hnh ang chy trong mt mi trng o ha y (khng thay i) v h iu hnh o nhm tng rng n c my tnh ring cho chnh n. Cng ngh o ha ny cho php nhiu h thng o c th chy ng thi, c lp hon ton t my ch vt l. Vi cch tip cn ny th Hypervisor l mt lp phn mm nm ngay trn phn cng hoc bn di mt hoc nhiu h iu hnh. Mc ch chnh ca n l cung cp cc mi trng thc thi tch bit c gi l cc phn vng (partition) trong cc my o cha cc OS guest c th chy. Mi phn vng c cung cp tp hp cc ti nguyn phn cng ring ca n chng hn nh b nh, cc chu k CPU v thit b. Hypervisor c trch nhim iu khin v phn knh truy cp n cc nn tng phn cng. Tc l Hypervisor ny chy trc tip trn phn cng ca my ch v thc hin cc khch.M hnh trn cho ta thy, cng ngh ny chia mi trng ti nguyn my tnh thnh 3 tng:- Hardware: L tng phn cng vt l, nm pha di cng.- Tng Hypervisor: L tng nm ngay pha trn phn cng vt l.- Tng VM: l tng trn cng dnh cho cc h iu hnh khch.Da trn m hnh ny, ta c th rt ra nguyn l hot ng ca vic o ha y nh sau:Khi mt h iu hnh khch mun lin lc vi phn cng vt l th:- VMM m phng phn cng. - VMM lin lc vi cc trnh iu khin thit b. - Cc trnh iu khin thit b phn cng lin lc trc tip n phn cng vt l.Bi v v tr chy trc tip trn phn cng khng phi nm bn trong mi trng h iu hnh nn chng mc nhin s em li cho chng ta hiu sut cao nht, tnh sn sng cng nh vn bo mt. Mt vi sn phm ang s dng dng ny l Microsoft Hyper-V, Citrix Xenserver, Vmware ESX server.2.4.1.2. o ha song song (Paravirtualization)Paravirtualization l mt thut ng din t 1 cng ngh o ha cho php h iu hnh o hiu rng n ang chy trn 1 hypervisor thay v chy trn mt nn tng phn cng. Nhng mt vn phn cng hoc mt vn phn mm no m h iu hnh khch phi c sa i ph hp vi tnh trng l cc h iu hnh khch bit rng n ang chy trn mt hypervisor thay v chy trn mt nn phn cng.Trn h iu hnh ch l mt Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) c vai tr l to v qun l cc my o, phn phi cc ti nguyn cho nhng my v tch bit nhng my o vi nhau. Ni cch khc hypervisor hay VMM l lp o ha trong tnh hung ny. Ngha l loi ny, Hypervisor l mt phn mm chy ngay trn h iu hnh ch v thc hin cc h iu hnh khch.Cng ngh ny chia mi trng ti nguyn my tnh thnh 4 tng:- Hardware: L tng phn cng vt l my ch, nm pha di cng.- Tng h iu hnh ch: nm ngay trn tng phn cng ca n- Tng Hypervisor: L tng nm ngay pha trn h iu hnh ch- Tng VM: l tng trn cng dnh cho cc h iu hnh khchDa trn m hnh ny, ta c th rt ra nguyn l hot ng ca vic o ha y nh sau:Khi mt h iu hnh khch mun lin lc vi phn cng vt l th:- Bc u tin m phng phn cng o c qun l bi VMM ny.- Xy dng mi lin lc gia VMM vi h iu hnh. - H iu hnh lin lc vi trnh iu khin thit b phn cng. - Cc trnh iu khin thit b phn cng lin lc n cc phn cng trn my thc.Qu trnh ny s xy ra ngc li khi c cc tr li t cc phn cng n h iu hnh.Nhng n yu cu cc h iu hnh khch chy trn my o phi c chnh sa (modification). iu ny c ngha l khng phi bt c h iu hnh no cng c th chy Paravirtualization c (tri vi Full Virtualization). XP Mode ca Windows 7 hay my o java l nhng v d in hnh v Paravirtualization.Cc sn phm i din cho gii php ny l: Microsoft Virtual Server, Vmware Server v Microsoft Virtual PC.2.4.1.3. Phn cng h tr o ha (Hardware-assisted virtualization)Hardware-assisted virtualization l mt cch nng cao hiu qu ca cng ngh o ha phn cng. N lin quan n vic s dng CPU thit k c bit v cc thnh phn phn cng gip ci thin hiu sut ca mt mi trng khch. (Phn cng h tr o ha - yu cu h tr CPU v phi c kch hot trong mainboard BIOS. N cho php chy hu nh bt k h thng no c th c ci t trn mt CPU x86, s dng cho h iu hnh Microsoft).2.4.2. o ha phn mm (Software virtualization)Mt phng php tch mt my vi tnh thnh nhiu phn vng c gi l mi trng o (VE), ngn chn cc ng dng can thip ln nhau. Mt mi trng o (VE) cng c gi l mt my ch ring o (virtual private server- VPS) hoc container.2.4.2.1. o ha mc h iu hnh (Software Operating system-level virtualization)Phng php o ha h iu hnh khc vi phng php my o truyn thng (VM), bi v n ch h tr h iu hnh tng t trong mi phn vng ch khng phi l h iu hnh khc nhau chy ng thi. Do , nu h iu hnh ch l Linux th tt c cc h iu hnh khch trn cc container cng phi chy Linux. Nh vy, cng ngh ny chia mi trng my tnh thnh 4 tng:- Hardware: L tng phn cng vt l, nm pha di cng- Tng h iu hnh ch chun: nm ngay trn tng phn cng ca n- Tng o ha h iu hnh: L tng nm ngay pha trn h iu hnh chun, n da trn h iu hnh chun v c nhim v m phng, to v phn chia mi trng o ha cho tng trn n.- Tng Container: l tng trn cng ni cha cc h iu hnh khch cng loi vi h iu hnh ch. Tng ny c tng di cung cp ti nguyn v mi trng thc hin o ha.2.4.2.2. o ha ng dng v o ha khng gian lm vic (Application virtualization and Workspace virtualization)Trong mt mi trng my tnh bnh thng, cc ng dng c ci t trc tip vo h iu hnh. Khi tt c chng c ghi vo tp tin h thng, ng dng s thng xuyn xung t vi nhau, thng dn n mt n nh. o ha ng dng gip loi b nhng mu thun bi v cc ng dng o khng bao gi c ci t trn h thng cc b.Vi o ha ng dng, mi ng dng chy trong mi trng bo v, thng c bit n nh l mt bong bng o, c lp vi nhau v vi h iu hnh ch. Nu cn thit, ngi qun tr c th cu hnh cc ng dng o chng tng tc vi nhau hoc chia s bng cch s dng kt cu phn vng ng (Dynamic Suite Composition -DSC).Cng ngh ny c bn chia mi trng my tnh thnh 2 tng:- Hardware: L tng phn cng vt l, nm pha di cng- Tng h iu hnh: nm ngay trn tng phn cng ca n. Bn trong tng ny, cc ng dng s c phn chia ci t, c qun l ring r nh h iu hnh.2.4.3. o ha b nh (Memory virtualization) o ha b nh l tng hp ti nguyn b nh RAM t h thng ni mng vo mt b nh chung.2.4.4. o ha lu tr (Storage virtualization) Hin nay cc nh lu tr cung cp c cung cp gii php lu tr hiu sut cao cho khch hng ca h trong mt thi gian kha kh. Trong hnh thc c bn nht ca n, lu tr o ha tn ti trong vic ta lp rp a vt l nhiu thnh mt thc th duy nht c trnh by cc my ch lu tr v chy h iu hnh chng hn nh trin khai RAID. iu ny c th c coi l o bi v tt c cc a c s dng v tng tc vi nh mt a logic duy nht, mc d bao gm hai hoc nhiu a trong.Tng o ha lu tr s o ha v lu tr cc thit b lu tr hn hp thnh nhng a lu tr o c gi tr, dung lng cao v ph hp hn theo yu cu truy xut ca ng dng.2.4.5. o ha d liu (Data virtualization)L s trnh by ca d liu nh mt lp tru tng, c lp ca h thng c s d liu, cu trc v lu tr d liu.Database virtualization: s tch ring ca cc tng c s d liu, m nm gia cc tng lu tr v ng dng trong ng dng stack.2.4.6. o ha mng (Network virtualization)Cc thnh phn mng trong c s h tng mng nh Switch, Card mng, c o ho mt cch linh ng. Switch o cho php cc my o trn cng mt my ch c th giao tip vi nhau bng cch s dng cc giao thc tng t m nh trn thit b chuyn mch vt l m khng cn phn cng b sung. Chng cng h tr VLAN tng thch vi vic trin khai VLAN theo tiu chun t nh cung cp khc, chng hn nh Cisco.

Mt my o c th c nhiu card mng o, vic to cc card mng o ny rt n gin v khng gii hn s card mng to ra. Ta c th ni cc my o ny li vi nhau bng mt Switch o. iu c bit quan trng, tc truyn gia cc my o ny vi nhau thong qua cc switch o c truyn vi tt rt cao theo chun GIGABITE(1GB), dn n vic ng b gia cc my o vi nhau din ra rt nhanh.

Hnh 2.3: o ha network.

PHN 3: BAO MT TRONG MI TRNG IN TOAN AM MYin ton m my em li cho doanh nghip phng thc qun l ti nguyn my tnh mt cch hiu qu, linh ng v hp l chi ph. Tuy nhin, cc tin tc cng nh cc nh nghin cu bo mt ch ra rng m hnh ny c th b li dng bi tin tc v khng hon ton 100% an ton. Trong in ton m my, vn bo mt c chia s gia nh cung cp dch v v ngi dng in ton m my. Hai bn cn phi c s tin tng v tha thun vi nhau t nng cao tnh bo mt. Rt nhiu mi e da bo mt ny sinh t bn trong hoc bn ngoi mi trng nh cung cp/ngi dng v c phn loi thnh cc dng e da t bn trong, tn cng nguy hi t bn ngoi, mt mt d liu, cc vn lin quan n a chc nng, mt quyn kim sot v gin on dch v.3.1. Cc vn bo mt- Cc mi e da t bn trong - Cc tn cng nguy hi t bn ngoi- Mt mt d liu - Gin on dch v - Cc vn a nhim - Mt quyn kim sotH tng o ha ca m my rt phc tp v mang tnh ng do vic a x l, lu tr o, v nhiu ngi qun l, nhiu ng dng chy ti cng thi im. Ngoi ra c mt s lng ln ngun lu lng vo v ra khi mi my ch vt l hay my o. Do , h tng o ha ca m my xa nha bin gii vt l truyn thng s dng trong vic nh ngha, qun l v bo v ti sn ca doanh nghip trong trung tm d liu truyn thng. Tuy vy n dn n vic h tng o ha s tr nn phc tp v bn thn n s c bo v khi cc mi e da bt k t bn trong hay bn ngoi.Cc gii php bo mt tng thch trong mi trng m my s dng bo v h tng o ha m my l mt thch thc ln i hi vic nghin cu su v nhiu hng tn cng v cc c tnh ring bit, em li bo v chnh xc v kp thi. Cc c tnh chnh bao gm:- Tnh sn sng v hiu nng - Nguy hi t bn trong - Tn cng t bn ngoi - Gin on dch v - a nhim - Mt quyn iu khin3.2. Cc hng nghin cu bo mt cho in ton m myC kh nhiu thch thc trong m my c m t v c th thy mt m my c bo mt l bt kh thi tr khi mi trng o ha gm h tng, my o, cc giao din, cc ngun pht lu lng mng c bo mt. Nhu cu mi trng o ha i hi nhiu hn so vi cc gii php bo mt truyn thng, vn khng ph hp vi mi trng o ha do c tnh phc tp v ng ca in ton m my. tin ln mt bc cao hn, cc nh cung cp v khch hng phi hp tc cung nhau nh ngha cc yu cu v cc ch nh. Rt hin nhin rng cc gii php bo mt mi tnh n o ha nn c thc thi m bo bo mt u tin trn h thng tng th. Cc gii php bo mt m my phi c c ch thng minh t phng th v c kh nng cung cp gim st, pht hin thi gian thc v ngn chn cc e da bit cng nh cha bit. Nhiu doanh nghip khng hiu r vic h ang t cc thng tin hay dch v quan trng ca h theo cch bt li nhm mun tn dng li ch ca in ton m my m khng quan tm n vic chi ph u t theo cch no l ph hp nht. Nu khng c ci nhn nghim tc v trin khai bo mt th s tr nn v ngha khi a cc thng tin ln m my. thit lp cc vng tin cy trn m my, cc my o phi c t bo v, chuyn i mt cch hiu qu vng bo v ti my o. Vnh ai bo mt ca doanh nghip s bao gm tng la, cc phn on mng, cc h thng pht hin v phng trnh thm nhp, cc thut ton gim st v cnh bo cng cc chnh sch bo mt kt hp khc. Nghin cu tp trung vo vic pht trin chin lc bo mt cho m my mt cch ton din v c kh nng bo v h tng m my v cc lp khc nhau (gm kt ni mang, d liu lu, d liu chuyn pht, cc ng dng v my o) chng li cc e da pht sinh t bn trong cng nh bn ngoi mng nh cung cp. Chin lc d nh tn dng cc cng ngh bo mt sn c (adhoc) v s dng vo trong mi trng m my ng v hay bin i.Chin lc bo mt c thc thi p ng in ton m my l mt tin trnh nhiu bc v lin quan n: - m bo cc ng dng c xy dng trn cc thut ton bo mt trnh bt c trn b m, thm nhp SQL v tn cng no. - S dng tip cn bo mt a lp gim st cc e da v m bo khi mt lp ngoi/trong b tn cng, vn c lp khc d phng. - Vi cc tn cng bn trong, cn m bo nhn vin c o to, tun th cc quy nh v c cng c ngn cc e da pht sinh (nh Antivirus, IPS, HIPS, tng la ni b, tch mng, gim st) - Vi cc tn cng tc thi hay gin on dch v, phi c cc gii php bo mt nh cc mng t bo v, cc yu t bo mt lin quan n m my (NAC, dot1x, ...) ti ch. Hn th na, cc k thut bo mt trung tm d liu thng thng nh cc vnh ai tng la, IPS, ACL cng cn phi c tn dng. - m bo rng cc h thng c cch ly tt, thm ch c trn cng phn cng vn nn c tng la v cc lut h tr cc tin trnh bo mt ca ngi dng n. C th gia c thm s dng cc gii php ng nhp n nh gi cc tin trnh. - Cc khch hng s dng m my (t chc, doanh nghip) nn c cch hiu tt v cc tin trnh bo mt v cc mc tha thun dch v ca nh cung cp. iu ny gip gim thiu bt c s khng ng nht no gia nh cung cp v khch hng. - thng k cc ri ro bn ngoi cn c m hnh bo mt phn lp t vnh ai n mc cc my o trong. - Khch hng nn c mt k hoch d phng thng k bt c gin on dch v no t nht l vi cc ng dng hoc dch v tri t cc h thng cnh bo n gin cho ti cc ni lu tr cc ng dng ti ch.3.3. Mt s hng nghin cu in hnh cho bo mt trong in ton m my3.3.1. Phn tch theo quan im v vng i d liu3.3.1.1. Cc vn bo v ring t v bo mt d liuNi dung ca vic bo v ring t v bo mt d liu trong m my tng t nh vic bo v ring t v bo mt d liu truyn thng. N cng lin quan ti tt c giai on ca vng i d liu. Nhng do c tnh m v a nhim ca m my, ni dung vic bo v ring t v bo mt d liu trong m my c nhng c tnh ring.Khi nim ring t rt khc nhau cc t nc, vn ha hoc php l khc nhau. nh ngha tng thch bi t chc hp tc v pht trin kinh t OECD l mi thng tin lin quan ti vic nhn dng hoc cc c th c th nhn dng (i tng d liu). Mt nh ngha ph bin khc cung cp bi t chc AICPA v CICA trong chun GAPP l cc quyn v ngha v ca c nhn v t chc vi vic tn trng thu thp, s dng, duy tr v thng co thng tin c nhn. Ni chung, ring t c kt hp vi vic thu thp, s dng, thng co, lu tr v ph hoi d liu c nhn (hay thng tin nhn dng c nhn PII). Vic nhn dng thng tin c nhn ph thuc vo cc kch bn ng dng ch nh v lut, o l nhim v c bn ca bo v ring t.3.3.1.2. Vng i d liuVng i d liu nhc n ton b qu trnh t lc pht sinh n lc ph hy ca d liu. Vng i d liu c chia thnh by giai on: - Giai on 1: Pht sinh (Generation)- Giai on 2: Truyn ti (Transfer) - Giai on 3: S dng (Use) - Giai on 4: Chia s (Share) - Giai on 5: Lu tr (Storage) - Giai on 6: Lu tr th cp (Archival) - Giai on 7: Kt thc d liu (Destruction)Theo cc m hnh truyn ti dch v, cc m hnh trin khai v cc c tnh cn thit ca in ton m my, cc vn bo v ring t v bo mt d liu l cc vn chnh cn phi c gii quyt sm nht c th. Cc vn ring t v bo mt d liu tn ti trong tt c cc lp ca m hnh truyn ti dch v SPI v trong mi giai on ca vng i d liu.Thch thc trong bo v tnh ring t c chia s d liu trong khi bo v thng tin c nhn. Cc h thng in hnh yu cu bo v ring t v cc h thng thng mi in t lu tr cc thng tin v th tn dng v h thng chm sc sc khe vi cc s liu v sc khe. Kh nng iu khin thng tin no c bc l v ai c th truy cp thng tin trn mng tr thnh mt vn c quan tm chnh. Cc quan tm ny bao gm vic liu thng tin c nhn c th c lu tr hay c bi bn th 3 m khng cn s ng , hay liu cc bn th 3 c th ln vt cc trang web m ngi dng gh thm. Vn quan tm khc l liu cc website c gh thm thu thp, lu tr v chia s thng tin c nhn v ngi dng. Cha kho cho vic bo v tnh ring t trong mi trng m my l s phn chia gt gao d liu nhy cm v d liu khng nhy cm bng cc cch thc m ha thnh phn.Theo cc phn tch cho cc vn bo v ring t v bo mt d liu, mt gii php bo mt ton din v tch hp p ng yu cu phng th chuyn su l cn thit. Lin quan n bo v ring t, vic nhn dng v cch ly d liu ring t l cc cng vic chnh. Chng nn c nh gi trong sut qu trnh thit k ng dng da trn m my.Vi cc vn bo v ring t v bo mt d liu, cc thch thc c bn l vic phn tch d liu ngy cm v iu khin truy cp. Mc ch l thit k mt tp cc nn tng bo v ring t v qun l nhn dng trn cc ng dng hay cc dch v in ton m my. Do c tnh di ng ca ngi dng trong t chc l kh ln, h thng qun l nhn dng cn phi c kh nng t ng v cung cp/gii phng ti khon ngi dng nhanh chng m bo khng c truy cp tri php no vo ti nguyn m my ca t chc bi mt s ngi dng ri khi t chc. Cc gii thut iu khin truy cp v cp quyn nn t n mt m hnh iu khin truy cp c kh nng m rng, ti s dng v hp nht p ng yu cu ca cp quyn truy cp hp php. Cc gii thut bo v ring t da trn tnh ton s t c cc ch dn thi gian thc v ng, cp quyn v gim st ch s hu d liu khi d liu ring t ca h c truy cp.3.3.2. Phn tch theo quan im p t m hnh chnh sch chung3.3.2.1. Qun l bo mt, qun l ri ro v tnh tun thCc t chc yu cu c ci nhn tng quan vo bc tranh bo mt trong m my ca h. N bao gm tm nhn rng vo qun l thay i, hnh nh v cc ri ro, cng nh cc bo co s c cho nhng ngi dng v d liu gim st, log cho ngi dng ch nh.3.3.2.2. Con ngi v vic nhn dngCc t chc cn phi m bo ngi dng c cp quyn c kh nng truy cp ti d liu v cng c h mun, khi h cn trong khi tt kha tt c cc truy cp khng c php khc. Cc mi trng m my thng h tr mt lng ln cng ng ngi dng, cc iu khin ny thm ch quan trng hn. Thm vo , cc m my gii thiu mt tng cc ngi c cp quyn: cc nh qun tr lm vic cho nh cung cp m my. Nhng ngi ny gim st, bao gm vic ghi log li cc hot ng, tr thnh mt yu cu quan trng. Vic gim st ny bao gm c gim st vt l v nn tng.3.3.2.3. D liu v thng tinHu ht cc doanh nghip cho bit bo v d liu l vn bo mt quan trng nht ca h. Cc quan tm in hnh bao gm cch thc d liu c lu tr v cc yu cu truy cp, tun th v gim st, v cc vn kinh doanh lin quan n chi ph sa cha cc l hng d liu, cc yu cu cnh bo v thit hi ti gi tr tng th chung. Tt c d liu c quy nh hoc nhy cm cn phi c tch bit hp l trn h tng lu tr m my, bao gm sao lu th cp d liu.3.3.2.4. ng dng v tin trnhNgi dng thng nh gi cc yu cu bo mt ng dng m my di dng bo mt hnh nh. Tt c cc yu cu bo mt ng dng in hnh vn p dng cho cc ng dng trong m my, nhng chng cng mang ti cc hnh nh cha cc ng dng . Nh cung cp m my cn phi theo v h tr tin trnh trin khai bo mt. Thm vo , yu cu ngi dng m my h tr cho ngun gc hnh nh v cho vic chng nhn v iu khin s dng. Vic dng v hy cc hnh nh phi c tin hnh cn thn, m bo d liu nhy cm c cha trong cc hnh nh khng b phi by trc nguy hi.3.3.2.5. Mng, my ch v im cuiTrong mi trng m my chia s, ngi dng mun m bo tt c cc min ngi dng c cch ly thch hp v khng c kh nng tn ti d liu hoc giao dch no b ly t mt min ny sang mt min khc. gip t c iu ny, ngi dng cn kh nng cu hnh cc min o tin cy hoc cc vng bo mt da trn chnh sch.3.3.2.6. H tng vt lH tng m my gm my ch, b nh tuyn, thit b lu tr, ngun cung cp v cc thnh phn khc h tr cc hot ng phi c bo mt v mt vt l. Cc c ch bo v gm iu khin v gim st tng thch truy cp vt l s dng cc thc o iu khin truy cp sinh hc v cc mn hnh gim st mch ng (CCTV). Nh cung cp cn gii thch r rng cch thc truy cp vt l c qun l i vi cc my ch cha ti ngi dng v h tr d liu ngi dng.3.3.2.7. M hnh kin trc c bn cho in ton m myM hnh kin trc c bn cho in ton m my bao gm mt lp cc dch v phn lp. Lp h thng vt l m t cc yu cu trung tm d liu thng thng, bt buc cc thc o iu khin truy cp v gim st cc khu vc. Lp ti nguyn h thng qun l h tng lu tr, my ch, mng. Lp ti nguyn c o ha gii thiu kh nng cch ly nh mt thuc tnh chnh ca bo mt o ha: cc tin trnh cch ly thng qua cc lp trung gian hypervisor v tch bit d liu.3.4. Kt lunBo mt trong in ton m my l mt bi ton phc tp v s kh c th c mt m hnh bo mt chung cho tt c mi trng. Cc t chc c nhiu yu cu khc nhau cho vic tch hp gia mi trng m my v cc h thng back-end ca h. Mt s t chc ang pht trin ton b cc ng dng mi v chun b xy dng mi trng m my ca h c lp vi cc hot ng khc, nhng hu ht cc tp on s bt u vi m my ring ngoi ra l pht trin ng dng trn m my ca nh cung cp.

PHN 4: S PHAT TRIN CUA IN TOAN AM MY4.1. in toan am my co th phat trin nh th nao?in ton m my chu nhiu s ph bnh t cc pha i lp, nhng ngi xem n nh mt cm t v ngha. Mt khc, nhiu chuyn gia cho rng in ton m my khng ch hu ch m cn c trin vng pht trin v cng. H gi Cloud 2.0.Khi thay i ttm, phi xut pht t mi quan h gia bn v n. Trong phn ny, chng ti s c mt gc nhn khch quan v tng lai ca in ton m my. Chng ti cng xem xt cc kin ca cc nh nghin cu, nhng ngi c tr nhiu tin ua ra nhng d on ng.4.2. Ba gai oan phat trin cua in toan am my4.2.1. Giai on 1: 2007 n 2011 - Tin phong v nh hngy s l giai on pht trin th trng. en nm 2011, cc giai php SEAP cha thc s hon thin, ang hn tp bi tnh c nhn ca n, Gartner khuyn khch hu ht cc khch hng chp nhn SEAP nn tp trung vo cc gii php c hi - vi chin thut gii quyt nhanh chng, khi m thi gian pht trin hiu qu c gi tr hn tnh kh thi v k thut.Nh mt kt qu ca vic tp trung vo cht lng k thut qua vic bo v u t, cc nh cung cp cng ngh vi tm nhn th trng mnh hn s thu c nhiu thnh cng nht trong s cc nh tch hp u tin. Da trn xu th ny, nhiu nh cung cp SEAP u tin s tp trung vo ph trin nhanh cc cng c hung ng dng v trin khai cc tnh nng, lm cho nhng gii php ca h c bit hp dn trong s cc gii php in ton ngi dng cui v cc d n in ton x hi.4.2.2. Giai don 2: 2010 dn 2013 - Cng c th trngGartner d on rng ti nm 2012, th trng SEAP s dan thu hp vi mt lng ln cc gii php t cc nh cung cp ln v nh, p lc cnh tranh s nh bt cc nh cung cp yu ra khi th trng v kt qu l cc v thu tm.Trong giai on cng c, c s h tng SEAP s ngy cng nn hp dn vi mt phm vi rng hn cc nh cung cp tim nng, kt qu l s c nhiu hn cc nhm khch hng chnh v s cnh tranh gi cc ngi dng c bn. Do , kh nng thc hin s tr nn quan trng nh l i mi k thut v tm nhn th trng trong hu ht cc nh tch hp chnh. Thi gian thu li li nhun u t s c m rng t cc chin lc ngn hn, mi rng ra cc chin lc 3-5 nm.en nm 2013, Gartner hi vng rang cng ngh SEAP s tr thnh cng ngh c u thch, nhng khng ch c quyn, l n lc pht trin cc kin trc v s la chn cho a s cc sn phm tim nng ca hn 2000 doanh nghip ton cu, v nh mt kt qu s i hi s m rng lng tin ca h v nn tng SEAP bao gm cc chin lc u t di hn.4.2.3. Giai don 3: 2012 dn 2015 v sau ny - Chuyn hng tiu dungTrong nm 2013, mt lng nh cc nh cung ca ln s vt tri v th phn, cung cp cc chun thng l, Cc nh cung cp s ch yu thc y cc cng ngh c quyn c pht trin t 5 nm trc , nhng h cng h tr cc giao din lp trnh intracloud e thnh lp mt cng ngh mng li, lin kt cc nn tng ca cc nh cng cp cc gii php d'a trn in ton m my.M rng th phn da vo nhng ngi dng trung thnh s tip tc chuyn hng th trng t i mi i vo n nh gi v u t. Cnh tranh gia cc cng ngh SEAP m v ng s tip tc gia tng v vo nm 2014, nhng lo ngi v cng ngh ng (lock in) s dn ti nhng ho tr quan trng cho mt hoc nhiu gi phn mm SEAP ngun m. Cc gi phn mm SEAP m s bat u cnh tranh vi cc gii php c quyn v dn dn pht trin th phn ca th trng SEAP sau nm 2015.

TAI LIU THAM KHAO[1] Phm Ngc o, Nguyn Vn Van (2010), Lun vn Cng ngh o ha.[2] T.S Phm Th Qu (2009), Gio trnh C s d liu phn tn.[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing.[4] http://www.pcworld.com.vn/articles/tin-tuc/binh-luan/2010/07/1219911/dien-toan- dam-may-4-mo-hinh-noi-bat.[5] VMWare - Architecting-vCloud-WP / Support VMWare company .http://www.vmware.com31