in t cng sut nng cao

in t cng sutM s:EE3147 Ts. Trn Trng MinhB mn T ng ha,Khoa in, HBK H niH ni, 9 - 2010Mc tiu:Nm c cc kin thc c bn v qu trnh bin i nng lng in dng cc b bin i bn dn cng sut cng nh nhng lnh vc ng dng tiu biu ca bin i in nng.C hiu bit v nhng c tnh ca cc phn t bn dn cng sut ln.C cc khi nim vng chc v cc qu trnh bin i xoay chiu mt chiu (AC DC), xoay chiu xoay chiu (AC AC), mt chiu mt chiu (DC DC), mt chiu xoay chiu (DC AC) v cc b bin tn.Bit s dng mt s phn mm m phng nh MATLAB, PLEC, nghin cu cc ch lm vic ca cc b bin i. Sau mn hc ny ngi hc c kh nng tnh ton, thit k nhng b bin i bn dn trong nhng ng dng n gin.Yu cu:Nghe ging v c thm cc ti liu tham kho,S dng Matlab-Simulink m phng, kim chng li cc qu trnh xy ra trong cc b bin i,Cng c kin thc bng cch t lm cc bi tp trong sch bi tp.Mc tiu v yu cu10/22/20102nh gi kt qu: im qu trnh: trng s 0,25Kim tra gia k: 0,25Thi cui k: 0,75Tt c cc ln thi v kim tra u c tham kho tt c cc loi ti liu (Open book examination).

10/22/20103Thi v kim tra

31. in t cng sut; V Minh Chnh, Phm Quc Hi, Trn Trng Minh; NXB KH&KT H ni, 2009.2. Phn tch v gii mch in t cng sut; Phm Quc Hi, Dng Vn Nghi; NXB KH&KT, 1999.3. Gio trnh in t cng sut; Trn Trng Minh; NXB Gio dc, 2009.4. Hng dn thit k in t cng sut; Phm Quc Hi; NXB KH&KT 2009.

Ti liu tham kho10/22/20104TCS: Xu hng pht trin v phm vi ng dngXu hngV dXu hng pht trin: di cng sut tri rng, t nh, n ln v rt ln.ng dng: rng khp, t cc thit b cm tay, dn dng n cc h thng thit b cng nghip.c bit: tham gia vo iu khin trong h thng nng lng.Vi W n vi trm W, thnh phn chnh trong cc h thng Power management ca cc thit b nh.Vi trm kW n vi chc MW.FACTS: h truyn ti,DG Distributed Generation, Custom Grid, Renewable Energy System, 10/22/20105TCS: Xu hng pht trin v phm vi ng dngNguyn nhn pht trinCc d liu thc tS pht trin ca TCS lin quan n:Cng ngh ch to cc phn t bn dn cng sut t c nhng bc tin ln.Cc tin b vt bc trong cng ngh cc phn t iu khin v l thuyt iu khin.MOSFET, IGBT: tn s ng ct cao, chu c in p cao, dng in ln.Cc chip vi x l, vi iu khin, DSP 16 bit, 32 bit, nhanh, mnh v iu khin:Tch hp ADC, u vo counter, PWM built-in;Truyn thng: I2C, CAN, UART, 10/22/20106Phn I: Nhng vn chung ca TCS v iu khin cc b bin iin t cng sut trong h thng nng lng t trc n nay v t nay v sau.

10/22/20107Phn I: Nhng vn chung ca TCS v iu khin cc b bin iCc b bin i in t cng sut.

10/22/20108Phn I: Nhng vn chung ca TCS v iu khin cc b bin iCc lnh vc lin quan n in t cng sut.

10/22/20109Phn I: Nhng vn chung ca TCS v iu khin cc b bin iS khi chc nng ca b bin i.

10/22/201010Phn I: Nhng vn chung ca TCS v iu khin cc b bin iS cc lp mch ca b bin i.

10/22/201011Phn I: Nhng vn chung ca TCS v iu khin cc b bin iCc phn t trong mch ca b bin i.

10/22/201012Phn I: Nhng vn chung ca TCS v iu khin cc b bin iT l khi lng v th tch cc phn t trong b bin i bn dn.

10/22/201013Phn I: Nhng vn chung ca TCS v iu khin cc b bin iChuyn mch: vn cc k quan trng i vi cng sut ln.Ba loi chuyn mch: Cng (Hard switching), Snubbered, Soft-switching.

10/22/201014Phn I: Nhng vn chung ca TCS v iu khin cc b bin i

Chuyn mch mm: gii php gim tn tht do chuyn mch, tng tn s lm vic, tng cng sut b bin i.Zero voltage switch - ZVSZero current switch - ZCS

10/22/201015Chng I Nhng phn t bn dn cng sut

10/22/201016I.1 Nhng vn chungI.2 itI.3 ThyristorI.4 TriacI.5 GTO (Gate-Turn-off Thyristor)I.6 BJT (Bipolar Junction Transistor)I.7 MOSFET (Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor)I.8 IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor)

Cn nm c:Nguyn l hot ngCc thng s c bn (c tnh k thut), cn thit la chn phn t cho mt ng dng c th.Cc van bn dn ch lm vic trong ch khaM dn dng: iV > 0, uV = 0;Kha:iV = 0, uV > 0;Tn hao pV = iV*uV ~ 0;Lu rng phn t bn dn ni chung ch dn dng theo mt chiu.Mun to ra cc van bn dn hai chiu hai chiu phi kt hp cc phn t li.V kh nng iu khin, cc van bn dn c phn loi:Van khng iu khin, nh IT,Van c iu khin, trong li phn ra:iu khin khng hon ton, nh TIRISTOR, TRIAC,iu khin hon ton, nh BIPOLAR TRANSISTOR, MOSFET, IGBT, GTO.

10/22/201017Chng I Nhng phn t bn dn cng sutI.1 Nhng vn chung

c tnh vn-ampe ca van l tng: dn dng theo c hai chiu; chu c in p thep c hai chiu.

Cu to t mt lp tip gip p-nCh dn dng theo mt chiu t anot n catotuAK >0 iD >0; Phn cc thun.uAK < 0 iD = 0; Phn cc ngc

10/22/201018Chng I Nhng phn t bn dn cng sutI.2 it

K hiu it

c tnh vn-ampe l tng ca it

c tnh vn-ampe ca itGip gii thch ch lm vic thc t ca itTnh ton ch pht nhit (tn hao trn it) trong qu trnh lm vic.

10/22/201019Chng I Nhng phn t bn dn cng sutI.2 it

c tnh Vn-ampe thc t ca itc tnh tuyn tnh ha:uD = UD,0 + rD*iD; rD = UD/IDc im cu to ca it cng sut (Power diode)Phi cho dng in ln chy qua (c vi nghn ampe), phi chu c in p ngc ln (c vi nghn vn);V vy cu to c bit hn l mt tip gip bn dn p-n thng thng. Trong lp bn dn n c thm lp ngho in tch n-

10/22/201020Chng I Nhng phn t bn dn cng sutI.2 it

Vng ngho n-, lm tng kh nng chu in p ngc, nhng cng lm tng st p khi dn dng theo chiu thunc tnh ng ct ca itc tnh ng uD(t), iD(t),

10/22/201021Chng I Nhng phn t bn dn cng sutI.2 it

Khi m: in p uFr ln ln n vi V trc khi tr v gi tr in p thun c 1 1,5V do vng n- cn thiu in tchKhi kha: dng v n 0, sau tip tc tng theo chiu ngc vi tc dir/dt n gi tr Irr ri v bng 0.in tch phc hi QrrThi gian phc hi trrCc thng s c bn ca itGi tr dng trung bnh cho php chy qua it theo chiu thun: ID (A)Gi tr in p ngc ln nht m it c th chu ng c, Ung,max (V)Tn s, f (Hz)Thi gian phc hi, trr (s) v in tch phc hi, Qrr (C) Trang WEB ca Proton-Electrotex, Nga http://www.proton-electrotex.com/Trang WEB ca PowerRex http://www.pwrx.com/

Ti sao li l dng trung bnh?Lin quan n qu trnh pht nhit.Cho v d:

Kh nng chu in p: 3 gi tr,Repetitive peak reverse voltages, URRMNon repetitive peak reverse voltages , URSMDirect reverse voltages, URKhi tn s tng ln tn tht do qu trnh ng ct s ng vai tr chnh ch khng phi l tn tht khi dn.Ba loi it cng sut chnh:1. Loi thng, dng tn s 50, 60 Hz. Khng cn quan tm n trr.2. Loi nhanh: fast diode, ultrafast diode.3. Schottky Diode: khng phi l loi c tip gip p-n. St p khi dn rt nh, c 0,4 0,5 V, c th n 0,1 V. Dng cho cc ng dng tn s cao, cn dng ln, in p nh, tn tht rt nh. Ch chu c in p thp, di 100 V.10/22/201022Chng I Nhng phn t bn dn cng sutI.2 it

Cu to: cu trc bn dn gm 4 lp, p-n-p-n, to nn 3 tip gip p-n, J1, J2, J3.C 3 cc:Anode: ni vi lp p ngoi cng,Cathode: ni vi lp n ngoi cng,Gate: cc iu khin, ni vi lp p gia.L phn t c iu khin. C th kha c in p ngc ln in p thun.Ch dn dng theo mt chiu t anot n catotuAK >0 ; Phn cc thun.uAK < 0 ; Phn cc ngc

10/22/201023Chng I Nhng phn t bn dn cng sutI.3 Thyristor

K hiu thyristorc tnh vn-ampe l tng ca thyristor.

10/22/201024Chng I Nhng phn t bn dn cng sutI.3 Thyristor

Thyristor: Cu trc bn dn v mch in tng ng.Lp n- lm tng kh nng chu in pc tnh vn-ampe ca thyristor

1. c tnh ngc: UAK < 0.Rt ging c tnh ngc ca it.2. c tnh thun: UAK > 0.2.1. Khi UGK = 0,Cho n khi UAK < Uf,max thyristor cn tr dng in.Cho n khi UAK = Uf,max tr khng gim t ngt. c tnh chuyn ln on in tr nh nh it khi dn dng theo chiu thun.2.2 Khi UGK > 0,c tnh chuyn ln on in tr nh ti UAK Ih, gi l dng duy tr (Holding current).

10/22/201025Chng I Nhng phn t bn dn cng sutI.3 Thyristor

Ur: reverse voltageUf: forward voltage1. Gi tr dng trung bnh cho php chy qua tiristor, IVLm mt t nhin: mt phn ba dng IV.Lm mt cng bc bng qut gi: hai phn ba dng IV.Lm cng bc bng nc: c th s dng 100% dng IV.2. in p ngc cho php ln nht, Ung,max3. Thi gian phc hi tnh cht kha ca thyristor, trr (s)Thi gian ti thiu phi t in p m ln ant-catt ca tiristor sau khi dng iV v bng 0 trc khi c th c in p UAK dng m tiristor vn kha.Trong nghch lu ph thuc hoc nghch lu c lp, phi lun m bo thi gian kha ca van c 1,5 - 2 ln tr.trr phn bit thyristor v tn s:Tn s thp: trr > 50 s;Loi nhanh: trr = 5 20 s

10/22/201026Chng I Nhng phn t bn dn cng sutI.3 Thyristor. Cc thng s c bn.

trr cng nh, cng t4. Tc tng dng cho php, dI/dt (A/s)Thyristor tn s thp: dI/dt c 50 100 A/s.Thyristor tn s cao: dI/dt c 200 500 A/s.5. Tc tng in p cho php, dU/dt (V/s)Thyristor tn s thp: dU/dt c 50 100 V/s.Thyristor tn s cao: dU/dt c 200 500 V/s.6. Thng s yu cu i vi tn hiu iu khin, (UGK, IG)Ngoi bin in p, dng in, rng xung l mt yu cu quan trng. rng xung ti thiu phi m bo dng IV vt qua gi tr dng duy tr Ih

Minh ha hiu ng dU/dt tc dng nh dng m van10/22/201027Chng I Nhng phn t bn dn cng sutI.3 Thyristor. Cc thng s c bn.

10/22/201028Chng I Nhng phn t bn dn cng sutI.3 Thyristor. S ng dng tiu biu.

10/22/201029So snh tng i cc phn t bn dn cng sut c bn.

S tm hiu nhng vn khi mun tng cng sut ca cc b bin i theo hng dng in ln v in p cao. Phi lm th no?Lnh vc ng dng cng sut nh: rt quan trng nhng phi c mt chng trnh khc.

S tm hiu lnh vc ng dng quan trng ca TCS trong iu khin h thng nng lng, b v m bo cht lng in p. c bit lin quan n li in phn tn.Nhng ng dng rng ri ca TCS trong iu khin my in c cp n trong cc mn hc v Truyn ng in. Khng cp y.Cc b bin i dng thyristor trong cc b chnh lu hay nhng b ngun cho cc qu trnh cng ngh cp y trong chng trnh TCS c bn.Ni dung trnh by chnh10/22/201030

Multilevel Converter dng tng cng sut b bin i10/22/201031

Nguyn l to in p ra trong nghch lu a cp10/22/201032

Cc s NL C c bn 10/22/201033

So snh s lng van bn dn trong cc s NL C10/22/201034

Vector khng gian ca NL 4 cp10/22/201035

S NL 4 cp v chnh lu 12 xung u vo10/22/201036

Dng in p pha v dng ti10/22/2010371. Xc nh trng thi van state switch:Khng lm ngn mch ngun p (t C);Khng h mch ngun dng (cun cm L).2.Vi mi trng thi van xc nh vector trng thi state vector3.Xy dng th vector khng gian: cc vector bin v cc sector.4.Cho vector mong mun di dng h ta cc , , hoc dng ta , . 5. Tnh ton h s bin iu ty theo v tr ca vector mong mun nm trong sector no.6. La chn t hp van ng ct ph hp.S nghch lu 3 mc

Trng thi van c php:

B bin i ba mc: SVM

K hiuTrng thi vanin p raS1xS2xS3xS4xP1100E / 2001100N0011 E / 210/22/201038Trng thi vanuaubucu/EVectNNN 000 PPP0000V0P00 0NN1/3E-1/6E-1/6EV1PP0 00N1/6E1/6E-1/3EV20P0 N0N-1/6E1/3E-1/6EV30PP N00-1/3E1/6E1/6EV400P NN0-1/6E-1/6E1/3EV5P0P 0N01/6E-1/3E1/6EV6PNN2/3E-1/3E-1/3EV7P0N1/2E0-1/2EV8PPN1/3E1/3E-2/3EV90PN01/2E-1/2EV10NPN-1/3E2/3E-1/3EV11NP0-1/2E1/2E0V12NPP-2/3E1/3E1/3EV13N0P-1/2E01/2EV14NNP-1/3E-1/3E2/3EV150NP0-1/2E1/2EV16PNP1/3E-2/3E1/3EV17PN01/2E-1/2E0V18

Bng trng thi ng ct van v vector trng thi.10/22/201039Quy lut tng hp vector u ra mong mun khi vector nm trong mt tam gic bt k:u = p3 + d1 + d2,d1 = d1(p1 p3); d2 = d2(p2 p3); d1, d2 l t l di so vi cnh tng ng ca tam gic. u = p3 + d1(p1 p3) + d2(p2 p3) u = p3(1 d1 d2) + d1p1 + d2p2.Vector khng gian:C 3 loi vector: vector ln LV, trung bnh MV, nh SV (v vector khng)18 vector chia mt phng ra 6 sector , mi sector cha 4 tam gic u.

Vector khng gian ca NL 3 mc

10/22/201040Mch vng dng in m bo p ng ca dng in nh mong mun:Khng sai lch;Thi gian p ng trong phm vi cho php;Tn s ct CL < 1/10 s

Mch vng dng in10/22/201041

Cc loi mch vng dng in10/22/201042

Mch vng dng in: c v khng c PWM 10/22/201043

Dng b iu chnh PI xoay chiu.Mch vng dng in10/22/201044

B iu chnh PI trong h ta tnh 0.C sai s tnh do dch pha ca tn hiu xoay chiu.Mch vng dng in10/22/201045

B iu chnh PI trong h ta tnh 0.Khng sai s tnh.C lin h cho, phc tp.

Mch vng dng in: 10/22/201046

B iu chnh PI vi cc thnh phn mt chiu.Khng sai s tnh.Phc tp v cn nhiu php bin i ta .Mch vng dng in: trong h ta quay 0dq.10/22/201047

Cch thc hin.Lu cu trc lin h cho.Mch vng dng in: trong h ta quay 0dq.10/22/201048Cu trc tng t

Cu trc gin on s

B iu chnh PI trong h ta quay 0dq

10/22/201049

Phn t l P khng thay i qua cc php quay ta Ch c khu tch phn I chu tc ng ca php quay.Bin i Laplace cho thy phn tch phn tng ng vi khu cng hng trong h ta tnh.B iu chnh cng hng

10/22/201050Tnh cht quan trng:Khng cn nhiu php bin i;Tc ng c tnh chn lc v tn s;Thch hp cho ng dng trong lc tch cc.C th thit k nhiu khu tch phn song song m bo tnh lc cho cc sng hi bc cao hn nh bc 5, 7, 11,

B iu chnh cng hng10/22/201051p ng ca b iu chnh PI thng thng: C sai s tnh do lch pha

p ng ca b iu chnh PI cng hng: Khng sai s tnhp ng cn chm do cc sng hi bc cao. C th ci thin c tnh nu thm vo cc mt lc bc cao hn.

B iu chnh PI cng hng

10/22/201052Vai tr ca cc b bin i bn dn trong h thng nng lngiu khin cng sut tc dng v cng sut phn khngL thuyt tnh ton dng cng sut

Cc b bin i bn dn cng sut trong h thng nng lng 10/22/201053PE in Electrical Smart Grid

10/22/201054PE in Electrical Systems

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