Dieu Khien Thiet Bi Bang Giong Noi Truyen Tu Xa

5/27/2018 Dieu Khien Thiet Bi Bang Giong Noi Truyen Tu Xa

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NGHIN CU KHOA HC 2009 GVHD: Th.S NGUYN VQUNH

01/12/2009 TRANG 1 SVTH: PHM NGC NG KHOA

TRNG I HC LC HNGKHOA CIN

-- --

BO CONGHIN CU KHOA HC

TI:

IU KHIN THIT BBNG GING NITRUYN TXA

GVHD: Ths Nguyn VQunhSVTH: Phm Ngc ng KhoaLp: 05 CT1


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LI CM N

Sau hn mt nm tm hiu v thc hin th ti: IU KHIN THIT BBNG GING NI TRUYN TXA thu c nhng thnh cng bc utrong cuc sng v trong iu khin cc thit btng ha. Trong thi gian u thnghim ti hot ng mt cch tng i n nh v nhn c snh gi caovkhnng sng to, cng nhcch p dng khoa hc kthut tin tin vo phc vnhu cu iu khin trong cng nghip v trong cuc sng ca con ngi.

Trong qu trnh thc hin, ti nhn c shng dn v gip ca thy

thc sNguyn VQunh, cu lc bTng Ha, v tt ccc thy c khoa Cin trng i hc LC HNG. Thnh cng ca ti cng l li cm n n ccc nhn v cu lc b gip , hng dn em trong sut qu trnh thit kv thicng hthng.

V l ln u tin khai thc mt lnh vc cn kh mi m, nn mc d em bra rt nhiu tm huyt, thi gian, v cng sc, nhng cc chc skhng trnh khinhng thiu st, nhng hn chkhi p dng vo thc tin cuc sng hin nay. Hyvng rng nhng vn cn hn chtrong ti snhn c nhiu kin ng gpchn thnh ca cc c nhn, tchc trong trng i hc LC HNG v cc bn cgn xa.


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MC LC

PHN A L THUYT Strang

CHNG 1:GII THIU CHI TIT BPHN XL GING NI 121.1Gii thiu nguyn l IC HM2007 121.2Gii thiu IC nhSRAM 6264 17

CHNG 2:L THUYT MCH IU KHIN TXA 192.1 Chi tit vchip AVR Atmega8. 192.2 Cu trc ngt ca Atmega8. 292.3 Cc bphn ngoi vi khc. 342.4 Hthng xung clock v lp trnh bnhon chip. 38

CHNG 3:NGN NGC CHO AVR 393.1 Khi nim. 393.2 Tm tt cu trc iu khin. 453.3 Chng hp ngvo trong chng trnh C 493.4 Tchc bnhSRAM 503.5 Phn mm lp trnh cho biu khin txa AVR Atmega8 513.6 Phng php v phn mm np cho Atmega8 54

PHN B: THIT K- THI CNG

CHNG 4:THIT KMCH IU KHIN BNG GING NI 644.1 Snguyn l mch iu khin tn hiu ging ni. 644.2 Cc board mch IC HM2007 thc hin thnghim. 67

CHNG 5:THIT KMCH IU KHIN TXA 695.1 Snguyn l mch iu khin txa. 695.2 Sthit kmch in v thi cng. 705.3 Hnh nh thc tbAtmega8 ca thit b. 70

CHNG 6:THIT KCC MODUL NG RA CA SN PHM 716.1 Mc ch thit kcc modul ng ra. 716.2 Hnh nh thc tthit kv board mch ng ra. 71

CHNG 7:THIT KMU VHP BN NGOI CHO THIT B 747.1 tng thit k. 747.2 Sn phm hon chnh trn phn mm. 75


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PHN C: SN PHM

Hthng iu khin robot sdng modul 24VDC. 77 Biu khin thit b220VAC bng ging ni truyn txa. 78 Khnng ng dng, thnh qubc u ca ti. 79KT LUN KIN NGH

Kt lun. 80 Nhng kh khn trong qu trnh thc hin ti. 80 u im, khuyt im cn ci tin ca thit b. 82 Kin ngh. 82DANH MC TI LIU THAM KHO 83

PHLC

Hnh nh ci tin board mch chca thit b. Chng trnh chnh lp trnh cho biu khin txa.


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DANH MC HNH NH

Stht Ch thch hnh nh Strang1 Hnh A. Tng quan hthng iu khin 92 Hnh 1.1 Tng quan IC HM 2007 12

3 Hinh 1.2 Schn cc loi IC HM 2007 134 Hnh 1.3 Bn phm ma trn 155 Hnh 1.4 Bn vmch hin th 156 Hnh 1.5 Skhi SRAM 6264 177 Hnh 1.6 Cu to bn trong SRAM 6264 188 Hnh 2.1 Hnh nh cc loi AVR 209 Hnh 2.2 Skhi cu trc vi iu khin AVR 2010 Hnh 2.3 Tng quan chhot ng Boot loader 2111 Hnh 2.4 Bn bnhATmega8 2312 Hnh 2.5 Sbnh thi 1 2513 Hnh 2.6 Sng ra khi 2714 Hnh 2.7 Skhi bnh thi 0 2715 Hnh 2.8 Skhi bnh thi 2 2816 Hnh 2.9 Bng vector ngt ca Atmega8 30,3117 Hnh 2.10 Cc ngt lng nhau 3118 Hnh 2.11 Bng iu khin kiu bt mu ngt 3219 Hnh 2.12 Sgin lt ca bso snh tng t 3420 Hnh 2.13 Skhi n gin bADC 3521 Hnh 2.14 Sng vo vi sai 3622 Hnh 2.15 Skhi bUSART 3723 Hnh 2.16 Shthng xung clock cho Atmega8 38

24 Hnh 3.1 Chng trnh lp trnh Atmega8 5125 Hnh 3.2 Giao din lp trnh ca phn mm CodeVision 5126 Hnh 3.3 Cch to mt project trn CodeVision 5227 Hnh 3.4 Cc bc thc hin 5228 Hnh 3.5 Cc bc thc hin 5229 Hnh 3.6 Cch chn loi AVR 5330 Hnh 3.7 Cc bc thc hin 5331 Hnh 4.1 Snguyn l mch xl ging ni 6432 Hnh 4.2 Snguyn l IC HM 2007 trong Capture 6533 Hnh 4.3 Board HM 2007 (ln 1) 6634 Hnh 4.4 Board HM 2007 (ln 2) 66

35 Hnh 4.5 Board 1 lp thit kthnghim 6736 Hnh 4.6 Board mch 2 lp thc t 6737 Hnh 4.7 Board cho sn phm hon chnh 6838 Hnh 5.1 Smch Atmega8 trn Capture 6939 Hnh 5.2 Smch in Atmega8 trn layout 7040 Hnh 5.3 Mch thc t 7041 Hnh 5.4 Bthu (pht) txa ca thit b 7042 Hnh 6.1 Bn thit k1 modul ng ra 220VAC 71


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43 Hnh 6.2 Smch in modul 220VAC vi 6 ng ra 7244 Hnh 6.3 Smch in modul 220VAC vi 4 ng ra 7245 Hnh 6.4 Modul ng ra 24VDC thc t 7346 Hnh 6.5 Board 2 lp ca Modul 220VAC (vi 6 ng ra) 7347 Hnh 7.1 Thit kckh khung vmch iu khin (NX5) 74

48 Hnh 7.2 Thit kckh modul mch ng lc (NX5) 7549 Hnh 7.3 Sn phm hon chnh trn thit k 7550 Hnh B. iu khin robot bng ging ni 7751 Hnh C. Biu khin ging ni v modul 220VAC 78


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DANH MC CC TVIT TT

CMOS: Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (mt thut ngchmt loicng nghdng chto vi mch tch hp)

MPS: Material Product System ( Modul sn xut linh hot)

NX5: Phn mm thit kckh Unifraphic

ISR : Interrupt Service Ruotine (trnh phc vngt)

INT : Interrupt (trnh phc vngt)

RF : Radio Frequence (mt dng sng tuyn trn AVR)

PWM: Pulse Width Modulation ( knh iu chrng xung)

TTL : Transistortransistor logic (thut ngchcng nghchto vi mch)

USART: Universal Synchronous and Asynchronous serial Receiver and Transmitter( btruyn dliu ni tip)


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LI MU1. GII THIU

Khoang thi gian t nm2001 en nay c xem la thi gian cac cong ty,doanh nghiep trong va ngoai nc ap dung nhieu tien bo khoa hoc ky thuat vao

cac nganh cong nghiep chu chot cua Viet Nam, cac day chuyen cong nghe milan lc ra i nham n gian hoa qua trnh san xuat, may moc hien ai a batau lam viec thay the con ngi trong nhieu lnh vc san xuat.

Ben canh o cac thnh tukhoa hoc cong nghe tien tien cung ang cng dung phuc vu cho cuoc song cua con ngi chung ta. Hang loat cac san phamt ong hoa tien tien c c phat minh va ban rong rai tren th trng nh:robot hut bui tren san phang do Nhat san xuat, may giat a nang, may ra chen tong, thiet b giam sat nha qua internet

i vi nc ngoi th vic iu khin bng ging ni c nghin cu vchto ng dng vo i sng v sn xut cng chmi ra i trong vi nm trli y. NhM c ng dng iu khin robotcam trong y khoa. Ring nc ta lnh vc ny cn kh mi m. Do chng ta cn c su tnghin cutheo kp cng nghmi ny phc vtrc tip cho cng vic ging dy ti trngnhm gip sinh vin hiu r hn vl thuyt, to iu kin cho sinh vin c nhng tng mi trn nhng nn tn c sn.

Thy c khnng pht trin v nhu cu tm hiu viu khin bng gingni ca chnh bn thn v ca nhng ngi yu thch mong mun c sdng dchv ny, ti bt tay vo thc hin nghin cu ti: iu khin thit b bng

ging ni truyn txa

2. TM QUAN TRNGVit Nam vic ng dng cng ngh tin tin trn thgii cn chm pht

trin, qu trnh a cng ngh mi vo phc vi sng, sn xut gp nhiu khkhn. Tn dng nhng ic nhp sn v ic chuyn dng do nc ngoi sn xut thit k thnh sn phm c th l mt nhu cu cn thit cho vic ging dy trongtrng hc, trong cuc sng v t pht trin cao hn ng dng trong cc lnhvc iu khin phc tp[1]. ti: IU KHIN THIT B BNG GINGNI TRUYN TXAc tm hiu v thc hin nhm a con ngi tin gn

hn ti cng ngh, v mra mt hng i mi cho vic nghin cu. iu quan trnghn ht l cc vn lin quan ti ti, nguyn l hot ng ca mch xl gingni, mch truyn txa sdng chip AVR Atmega 8, cc modul ng ra tch hp, vcch lp trnh hthng sc gii thiu trong ti ny. N sl ngun thng tinhu ch cho nhng ai mun tm hiu v pht trin trong lnh vc ny, nhm m ramt hng i mi cho cng nghiu khin tng ha.


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3. MC CH NGHIN CU ti: IU KHIN THIT BBNG GING NI TRUYN TXA

c thc hin nhm to ra mt hthng bit tun theo mnh lnh ging ni ca conngi chng ta. ti khng dng li mc tm hiu l thuyt hay hon thin mch

sdng ic HM 2007 nhmt ssinh vin cc trng i hc khc tm hiu trongthi gian trc. Sn phm ca ti trc ht c thc ng dng vo iu khincc thit b t ng ha nh: tay my cng nghip, robot t hnh, xy lanh, cmbin vi modul ng ra 24VDC. ti cn c thit kmrng thm modul ngra 220VAC iu khin cc thit bin dn dng phc v cuc sng nhn,qut, my tnh

t bit ti c tch hp cng nghiu khin t xa s dng tn hiutruyn trn sng RF (Radio Frequence) mra mt hng pht trin mi cho ti.Con ngi chcn ngi ti mt v tr cch thit bvi trm mt v iu khin theonhng yu cu m hmong mun. Vi biu khin chsdng in p t5VDC -

9VDC nn trnh cho ngi iu khin tip xc trc tip vi cc ngun in p cao.Do mt hng pht trin mnh trong cuc sng ca ti l thit lp h thngiu khin ging ni trong cc trng mm non, tiu hc v phng trem.

4. GII THIU TNG QUAN

Hnh 1. Tng quan hthng iu khin


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ti iu khin thit bbng ging ni txa bao gm bn giai on chnh:

+ Thit kv thi cng mch nhn dng v x l ging ni xdng IC chuyndng HM 2007. y l mt giai on mang tnh kin tr v sng to trong qu trnhthit kcho h thng hot ng n inh. V mc tiu t n ca ti l thc

hin mt sn phm hon chnh, c th sdng ngay trn th trng nn yu tmquan v cht lng c t ln hng u.

+ Hon thnh kt ni thm thit biu khin txa, giao tip gia bphn iukhin v cc modul chp hnh. H thng sc truyn txa bng cch lp trnhgiao tip, a tn hiu tbpht n bthu thng qua ngn ngC. Chip vi xl dnATMEGA8 sc sdng cho trong h thng truyn txa. y l mt giaion quan trng v mang tnh thit yu ca ti. Sng RF sbo m vic truyn vnhn dliu mt cch n gin hn cc loi thit bsdng giao tip qua internet.

+ Thit kcc modul ng ra nhn tnh hiu tbpht, tn hiu sc kch bi

in 5VDC v a ra cc thit bsdng in 5VDC, 24VDC v 220VAC. Nhvyhthng sbao gm 3 loi modul ng ra phc vmi nhu cu iu khin ca ccthit btng ha ang c trn thtrng. giai on ny Modul ng ra sdngin 220VAC c xem l c ng dng thn thin nht vi cuc sng con ngi,modul ny sgip con ngi c thiu khin cc thit bin trong nh, hay cngs.

+ Thit kbn vckh, v gia cng vhp cho ton bthit b, giai on cuicng ny i thin v kh nng sng to mu m, thit k sn phm bt mt chongi tiu dng. i hi ngi thc hin ti cn c kin thc vckh, c khnng vtrn cc phn mm 3D nhAuto CAD, NX5, Catia. Theo xu thcng

nghhin nay, phn mm vUnigrafic (NX5) ang l mt phn mm mnh trongthit kmu m, c nhiu cng ty ln nhSYM, Pepsico, Sanko Mod sdngthit kmu m cc loi xe my, mu chai nc gii kht, v mu in thoi ding. Do l mt sinh vin ngnh Cin Tem ng dng phn mm NX5 vothit kmu m cho thit bmt cch hon chnh.

Bn giai on hon thnh ti, mi giai on c mt kh khn ring, tic ln tng thit ktcui nm 2008, v thc hin ti u thng 11/2009 miem li nhng thnh qubc u ca sn phm. giai on u, mch iu khinthit bbng ging ni sau khi hon thnh nhn c nhiu n t hng ca ccc nhn, cu lc btng ha, hl nhng ngi quan tm n n khnng nhn

ging ni ca IC HM2007, y l thnh cng bc u, ca ti. Cc Modul mchiu khin bng ging ni nhn c nhiu squan tm ca nhng sinh vin in in tti cc trng i hc k thut ln Vit Nam, by gisinh vin c thmuathit bv hon thnh cc tng lin quan ti xl ging ni mt cc ddng,vi gi cthp hn rt nhiu so vi cc sn phm lin quan chbn thtrng M.


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PHN A:

L THUYT


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CHNG 1

GII THIU CHI TIT BPHN XL GING NI

1.1 Gii thiu nguyn l IC HM2007[2]IC HM 2007 l mt thit bn chip CMOS, xl ging ni di dng mch LSI

iu chtn hiu tng t, iu chphm, nhn lnh v iu khin chc nng cch thng. Theo tiu chun, th ic HM2007 c th nhn ti 40 lnh, vic truyn vnhn lnh c thc hin bng micro a tn hiu vo, cng mt bn phm, mt icnhSRAM v nhiu bphn khc. Ty tn hiu c x l v xy dng thnhmt hthng thng minh trong vic nhn din ging ni.

Hnh 1.1 Tng quan IC HM 2007 [2]

1.1.1 t tnh- Thit bn chip nhn bit m thanh dng CMOS LSI- Ting ni c nhn vo hthng theo mt chun ring bit.- IC nhSRAM c thc kt ni trc tip.- Mt chip HM 2007 c thnhn c 40 t.- Thi gian ti a mi tph hp m ic c thxl l 1.92 giy.- Kt cu phc tp.- Mt micro i km thit b.- C hai chsdng: chng thng, v chCPU.


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- Thi gian p ng: cha ti 300ms-Ngun cp 5VDC- Bao gm hai loi: loi thng 48 chn, v loi dn 52 chn.1.1.2 Schn 2 loi IC HM2007

Hnh 1.2 Schn cc loi IC HM2007

1.1.3 Chc nng cc chn ca IC HM 2007 (loi 48 chn)Tn chn Schn Chc nngWAIT 15 Tn hiu iu khin ng vo, hot ng mc

thp. Khi chn ny mc thp th ic HM2007 ch ngh, khng chp nhn bt c mthanh no a vo xlKhi chn Wait mc cao th ta c thbt uhun luyn ic nhn bit ging ni thu vo.

DEN 16 Khnng nhn tn hiuKhi tn hiu c a vo hon tt, chip sbtu x l v a vo cc chn D0 D7, d

liu sc xl bi ic cht 74LS373.SA0 , SA1 17 , 18 Bus a chcho bnhngoiSA2 SA7SA8 SA12

19 2427 - 31

Bus ny c dng nhmt ng a chchobnhngoi khi chn Me hot ng.

VDD 25, 47 Chn cp ngun (5VDC)GND 26 Chn ni ngun mNC 32,33 Khng kt ni


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ME 34 Chn iu khin b nh, chn ny s gi tnhiu sang SRAM v c lu li thc hinlnh.(Chn ny ni trc tip vi chn CE caSRAM)

MR/MW 35 Chn thit lp v phn hi tn hiu n bnhD0 D6 36 - 42 ng dliu cho bnhngoiD7 43 c dng nh bus I/O ca b nh khi chn

ME tch cc, y l tn hiu ng vo cho bcht dliu khi chn DEN hot ng.

Vref 44 in p cp cho bbin i tng tsang s

Line 45 Chn kim traMicin 46 Chn ni vi micro. c hot ng km theo

tv in tr.

AGND 48 Mt tng tGND 1 Cp ngun mX2,X1 2,3 Chn ni vi thch anh 3.58MS1, S2, S3 4,5,6 Chn ni vi bn phm chthng, v l

chn c ghi dliu chxl.RDY 7 Thng bo tn hiu ging ni ng vo.

Khi HM 2007 sn sng nhn m th sc mttn hiu mc thp gi i. Nu ic khng nhn thgi tn hiu mc cao.

K1- K4 8 - 11 Chn ni vi bn phm

1.1.4 Chc nng lm vic

C hai chhot ng trong IC HM2007

1.1.4.1 Chthngchny ic c kt ni vi mt bn phm, mt SRAM, v cc thit bngoi

vi thit lp mt mi trng lm vic bng ging ni. SRAM c thdng loi dunglng 8K.

Mngun

HM2007 hot ng khi c ngun cp vo, khi chn WAIT mc thp th ic btu kim tra bnh. Khi chn WAIT mc cao, HM2007 sbqua vic kim tra bnh, sbt u xl tn hiu nhn ging ni.


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Thu tn hiu

Khi chn WAIT nhn mc cao th chn RDY c a xung mc thp vHM2007 sn sng nhn m vo kim tra ging ni. Khi c tn hiu ging ni avo, chn RDY sln mc cao v HM2007 bt u lm vic. l lnh m ngi

iu khin ci t cho bnh, kt qu sc hin th trn 2 led 7 on. Tn hiuc xl v a n Bus ng ra tn hiu. Tn hiu xut ra di dng m nhphn.Khi chn WLEN c a ln mc cao, di ca tl 1,92s, v nu chn WLEN mc thp, th di ta vo l 0,92s.

Khi chn WAIT mc thp, m ng vo skhng c nhn cho ti khi chnWAIT trli trng thi mc cao.

Cch sdng thit b

- Khi ta mun xa cc dliu c np trc th tbn phm ma trn ta nhps99 ri nhn vo nt CLR. Mi dliu vging ni lc ny sbxa v ta phi cit li khi mun tip tc sdng, vic ci t ny kh n gin, chcn mt vi thaotc l chng ta c thci t ging ni vo mt cch ddng.

- ci tn hiu ging ni, trn bn phm ta nhn cc gi trmc nh t00-99 rinhn vo nt TRAIN, lc HM 2007 sbt u xl a tn hiu vo. Lc btu ci t, nu chn WAIT mc cao, HM2007 s gi tn hiu mc thp ra chnRDY bo rng HM2007 sn sng nhn m vo. Nu chn WAIT mc thp, m skhng c nhn cho ti khi chn WAIT bo mc cao.

Chi tit cc thit bi km board mch chnh.

* Key board phm ma trn v mch hin th

Hnh 1.3 Bn phm ma trn [6] Hnh 1.4 Bn vmch hin th

Hai ic 74LS47 sgii m tn hiu xut ra tHM2007 v hin thtrng thi hunluyn, khi cp ngun HM2007 kim tra SRAM (Ram tnh). Nu Ram kim tra xong,mch hin th"00" trn 2 Led by on. Trng thi "00" bo hiu mch sn sngv chlnh.


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Mt v dchi tit vcch hun luyn IC HM2007[6]

Cp ngun, mn hnh hin th"00" trn 2 Led by on, v Led trn main board sng==> sn sng chlnh.

Nhn phm 1 ==> mn hnh hin th"01" v Led tt. Sau nhn TRN(Training -hun luyn), v Led sng trli.

Ni vo 'microphone' mt thoc 1 cm tc di < 0.96 s.

V d: i qut nh : ngay lp tc mn hnh hin th"55" ( n bo: tqu di)Lm li: Qut nh th ngay lp tc Led trn main board nhp nhy (chp nhn), tQut nh by gic lp trnh l "01". Mi khi nghe ng tny, mn hnh shin thng m s"01".

Tip tc hun luyn cc tmi: Nhn "02" ri nhn TRN hun luyn tth2. c

th, cth. Ti a hun luyn c 40 t.Cch xa cc t hun luyn

Mun xa tng tring ltrong bnh==> nhp sca tmun xa v nhn CLR(clear - xa).Mun xa tt ccc ttrong bnh==> nhp "99" ri nhn CLR.

1.1.4.2 Chiu khin bi Vi xl ngoi (chCPU)

Chny bao gm cc chc nng: nhn dng m, ci m vo, bo kt qu, nhnv cp dliu. K bus c dng nhmt dliu nhphn gia biu khin ngoi

v HM2007. Cc chn tS1 n S3 xem nhl chn iu khin c ghi dliu.C ba thanh ghi trong HM2007, mt thanh ghi bm ng vo, mt thanh ghitrng thi v mt thanh ghi bm ng ra. u tin l thanh ghi chghi v cui cngl thanh ghi chc. Nu chn S1 mc cao, dliu c tK-BUS sly tthanh ghibm ng ra. Nu S1 mc thp, dliu K Bus sly tthanh ghi trng thi. S2 vS3 l tn hiu iu khin c ghi. l lc ang c, biu khin ngoi c thly dliu tK Bus. Ch S2 v S3 khng thng thi l mc cao v trng thica S1 skhng c nhn trong qu trnh ghi. [4]

Nguyn l hot ng chCPUKhi c ngun cp th HM2007 bt u hot ng ging nhchthng v

sau thanh ghi trng thi sc gi tr10 chlnh. Sau khi nhn lnh Recog, thic s bt u cho x l nhn bit m. Thit b ngoi c th hin th trng thi caHM2007. Khi trng thi hot ng chuyn sang 01, v chn WAIT mc thp,HM2007 s trv trng thi hot ng 10 v sau sn sng nhn lnh mi. Khitrng thi hot ng chuyn sang 01 v chn WAIT mc cao, l lc sn sng nhnm vo v sau xl nhn bit m. Khi trng thi hot ng trv01 mt ln na,th sau vic xl nhn bit hon tt HM 2007 ang i lnh khc.


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Sau khi nhn bit m. Kt qu nhn bit c a vo trong bm, thit bngoi c thgi lnh RESULT dng cs10 ly kt qunhn bit. Khi dliu c c trng thi hot ng s tr v 10 v i lnh k. Sau khi lnh RESULTc gi, vic c c thc hin bi CPU v kt quc gi bi HM2007.

Khi HM2007 nhn m lnh TRAIN, ic scn thm thng tin bit vtr khungc ci t. Tu tin l bn bt thp ca gi trvtr, tthhai l hai bit cao cagi trvtr ca t.

Nu mt svtr khung tc chp nhn v chn WAIT l mc cao, HM2007bt u xl ci t khung t. Nu chn WAIT mc thp HM2007 sbqua vic xl ci t. Sau khi xl ci t, trng thi hot ng strv10 v i lnh ktip.Khi HM2007 nhn m lnh UPLOAD, chip cn hai tbit vtr khung tni chacha data. Tu tin l 4 bit thp v tthhai l 2 bit cao.

Khi lnh RESET c a vo HM2007 chip sxa tt cnhng khung nhtrong b

nh.

1.2 Gii thiu IC nhSRAM 6264[4]IC UM6264 l mt ic xl nhanh, c dung lng 65536 bit v8Kbyte dliu, p

cp 5VDC, thi gian p ng truy cp khong 150ns. Ng vo ra dliu c dngchung, cc ng ra ny tng thch hTTL. Cng sut tiu tn trng thi ch rtthp chkhong 0.1mW so vi khi hot ng bnh thng l 200mW.

Hnh 1.5 Skhi SRAM 6264 [2]

IC UM6264 bao gm cc chn:- Cc chn ngun VCC/GND


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- Cc chn dliu D0 D7- Cc chn a chA0 A12- Cc chn iu khin l WE, OE, CS1, CS2

Hnh 1.6 Cu to bn trong SRAM 6264

IC UM6264 l thit blu trdliu quan trng trong hthng, y l loai chipc sdng trong PLC lm bnh. Vi hthng ny IC 6264 phi c chnla loi tng thch th mch mi hot ng nh lu di. IC ny c mt khuytim l khi chng ta ngng cp ngun th dliu tng sxa, do ta cn c mtngun pin 3V cp vo chn Back up dliu ca hthng.


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CHNG II

GII THIU L THUYT VMCH IU KHIN TXA CA THIT B

2.1 Chi tit vchip AVR Atmega8 [1]2.1.1 Tng quanNhng tnh nng chnh ca Atmega8- Rom: 8Kbyte- Sram: 4Kbytes- EEPROM: 4Kbytes- 64 thanh ghi I/O- 160 thanh ghi vo ra mrng- 32 thanh ghi a mc ch- 2 bnh thi 8 bit (0,2)- 2 bnh thi 16 bit (1,3)- Bnh thi watchdog- Bdao ng ni RC tn s1MHz, 2MHz, 4MHz, 8MHz- ADC 8 knh vi phn gii 10 bit (dng Xmega ln ti 12 bit)- 2 knh PWM 8 bit- 6 knh PWM c thlp trnh thay i phn gii t2 ti 16 bit- Bso snh tng tc thla chn ng vo- Hai khi USART lp trnh c- Khi truyn nhn ni tip SPI- Khi giao tip ni tip hai dy TWI- HtrBoot loader- 6 chtit kim nng lng- La chn tn shot ng bng phn mm- ng gi 64 chn kiu TQFP- Tn sti a 16MHz- in th: 4,5V 5,5V..

Vi iu khin AVR do hng Atmel (Hoa k) sn xut c gii thiu ln utin vo nm 1996, AVR c rt nhiu dng khc nhau bao gm dng Tiny AVR ( nhAT tiny 13, AT tiny 22) c kch thc bnhnh, t bphn ngoi vi, ri n

dng AVR (chn hn AT90S8535, AT90S8515.) c kch thc bnhvo loitrung bnh v mnh hn l dng MEGA ( nhAT mega 32, At mega 128) vi bnhc kch thc vi Kbyte n vi trm Kb cng vi cc bngoi vi a dng ctch hp trn chip, cng c dng tch hp cbLCD trn chip (dng LCD AVR). Tcca dng Mega cng cao hn so vi cc dng khc. Skhc nhau cbn gia ccdng chnh l cu trc ngoi vi, cn nhn th vn nh nhau. t bit nm 2008.ATMEL li tip tc cho ra i dng AVR mi l XmegaAVR, vi nhng tnh nng


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mnh mcha tng c cc dng AVR trc . C thni XmegaAVR l dngMCU 8 bit mnh nht hin nay. [3]

Hnh 2.1 Hnh nh cc loi AVR [2]

Cu trc cbn ca vi iu khin AVR nhsau

Hnh 2.2 Skhi cu trc vi iu khin AVR [4]

2.1.2Cu trc bnhv cng vo ra2.1.2.1Cu trc bnh

Bnhvi iu khin AVR c cu trc Harvard l cu trc c ng Bus ring cho bnhchng trnh v bnhd liu. BnhAVR c chia lm 2 phn chnh: Bnhchng trnh (program memory) v bnhdliu (Data memory)

Bnhchng trnh:


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Bnh chng trnh ca AVR l bnhFlash c dung lng 128K bytes. Bnhchng trnh c rng Bus l 16 bit. Nhng a chu tin ca bnhchngtrnh c dng trong bng vecto ngt. i vi Atmega 8 bnhchng trnh c thchia lm 2 phn: phn boot loader (Boot loader program section)v phn ng dng(Application program section).

Phn boot loader cha chng trnh boot loader. Chng trnh boot loaderl mt phn mm nhnp trong vi iu khin v c chy lc khi ng. Phn mmny c thti vo trong vi iu khin chng trnh ca ngi sdng v sau thcthi chng trnh ny. Mi khi reset vi iu khin CPU snhy ti thc thi chngtrnh boot loader trc, chng trnh boot loader sd xem c chng trnh no cnnp vo vi iu khin hay khng, nu c chng trnh cn np, boot loader snpchng trnh vo vng nh ng dng (Application program section), ri thc thichng trnh ny. Ngc li, boot loader schuyn ti chng trnh ng dng c sntrong vng nhng dng thc thi chng trnh ny.

Phn ng dng (Application program section) l vng nhcha chng trnh ngdng ca ngi dng. Kch thc ca phn boot loader v phn ng dng c thty

chn.

Hnh 2.3 Tng quan chhot ng boot loader

Hnh trn th hin cu trc bnh chng trnh c s dng boot loader vkhng sdng boot loader, khi sdng phn boot loader ta thy 4 word u tin thayv ch th cho CPU chuyn ti chng trnh ng dng ca ngi dng (l chng


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trnh c nhn Start) th ch thCPU nhy ti phn chng trnh boot loader thchin trc ri mi quay trli thc hin chng trnh ng dng. Bnhdliu:Bnhdliu ca AVR c chia lm hai phn chnh l bnhSRAM v bnhEEPROM. Tuy cng l bnhd liu nhng hai bnhny litch bit nhau v c nh a chring

- BnhSRAM: c dung lng 4K bytes, bnhSRAM c hai chhot ng l chthng thng v chtng thch vi AT mega 8 mun thitlp bnhSRAM hot ng theo chno ta sdng bit cu ch M103C.

- BnhEEPROM: y l bnhdliu c thghi xa ngay trong lc viiu khin ang hot ng v khng bmt dliu khi ngun cung cp bmt. Vi viiu khin AT mega8, bnhEEPROM c kch thc l 4K byte. EEPROM cxem nhl mt bnhvo ra c nh a chc lp vi SRAM. iu khinvo ra dliu vi EEPROM ta sdng ba thanh ghi:

+ Thanh ghi EEAR (EEARL):

y l thanh ghi 16 bit lu gia chcc nhca EEPROM, thanh ghiEEAR c kt hp t2 thanh ghi 8 bit l EEARH v thanh ghi EEARL. V bnhEEPROM ca Atmega8 c dung lng 4Kbyte = 4069 byte = 212byte nn ta chcn12 bit ca thanh ghi EEAR, 4 bit t15-12 c dtrta nn ghi 0 vo cc bit dtr

ny.

+ Thanh ghi EEDR

y l thanh ghi dliu ca EEPROM, l ni cha dliu ta nh ghi vo hay l

y ratEEPROM.

+ Thanh ghi EECR


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y l thanh ghi iu khin EEPROM, ta ch sdng 4 bit u ca thanh ghi ny,bn bit cui l dtr, ta nn ghi 0 vo cc bit dtr

Tm tt bn bnhbn trong atmega8

Hnh 2.4 [1]

2.1.3 Cng vo ra

2.1.3.1 Gii thiu

Cng vo ra l mt trong scc phng tin vi iu khin giao tip vi ccthit bngoi vi. AT mega8 c tt ccc cng vo ra 8 bit l: PortA, PortB, PortC,

PortD Cc cng vo ra ca AVR l cng vo hai chiu c thnh hng, tc c thchn hng ca cng l hng vo (input) hay hng ra (output). Tt c cc cngvo ra ca AVR u c chc nng c Chnh sa Ghi (Read Modify Write)khi sdng chng nhl cc cng vo ra sthng thng. iu ny c ngha l khita thay i hng mt chn no th n khng lm nh hng ti hng ca ccchn khc. Tt ccc chn ca cc Port u c in trko ln (pull-up) ring, ta cthcho php hay khng cho php in trko ln ny hot ng.


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in trko ln l mt in trc dng khi thit kcc mch in tlogic.N c mt u c ni vi ngun in p dng (VCC Vdd) v u cn li cni vi tn hiu li vo/ra ca mt mch logic chc nng.

2.1.3.2Cch hot ngKhi kho st cc cng nh l cc cng vo ra s thng thng th tnh chtca cc cng (PortA, PortB, ) l tng tnhau, nn ta chcn kho st mt cng

no trong s7 cng ca vi iu khin l .Mi mt cng vo ra ca vi iu khin c lin kt vi ba thanh ghi:

PORTx, DDRx, PINx. ( x thay thcho A,B.). Ba thanh ghi ny sc phi hpvi nhau iu khin hot ng ca cng, chng hn thit lp cng thnh li vo csdng in trko ln Sau y l nguyn l chi tit vai tr ca ba thanh ghi trn:

Thanh ghi DDRx.y l thanh ghi 8 bit (c thc ghi) c khnng iu khin hng ca cng

(l li vo hay li ra). Khi mt bit ca thanh ghi ny c set ln 1 th chn tng

ng vi n c cu hnh thnh ng ra. Ngc li, nu bit ca thanh ghi DDRx l 0th chn tng ng vi n c thit lp thnh ng vo.V d: Khi ta set tt c8 bit ca thanh ghi DDRA u l 1, th 8 chn tng

ng ca PortA, l PA1, PA2, . PA7 (tng ng vi cc chn ca vi iu khin)c thit lp thnh ng ra.

Thanh ghi PORTxPORTx l thanh ghi 8 bit c thc ghi. y l thanh ghi dliu ca PORTx.

Nu thanh ghi DDRx thit lp cng l li ra, khi gi trca thanh ghi PORTx cngl gi trca cc chn tng ng ca PORTx, ni cch khc, khi ta ghi mt gi trlogic ln 1 bit ca thanh ghi ny th chn tng ng vi bit cng c cng mclogic. Khi thanh ghi DDRx thit lp cng thnh li vo th thanh ghi PORTx ng vaitr nhmt thanh ghi iu khin cng.

Cth, nu mt bit ca thanh ghi ny c ghi thnh 1 th in trtreo chntng ng vi n sc kch hot, ngc li nu bit c ghi thnh 0 th in trtreo chn tng ng skhng c kch hot, cng trng thi cao tr(HI-Z).


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Thanh ghi PINxPINx khng phi l mt thanh ghi tht s, y l a chtrong bnhI/O kt

ni trc tip vi cc chn ca cng. Khi ta c PORTx tc ta c dliu c chttrong PORTx, cn khi c PINx th gi trlogic hin thi chn ca cng tng ngc c. V thi vi thanh ghi PINx ta c thc m khng thghi.

2.1.4 Bnh thi ca AT mega8 [1]AT mega8 c 4 bnh thi, bnh thi 1 v 3 l bnh thi 16 bit, bnh

thi 0 v 2 l bnh thi 8 bit. Sau y l m tchi tit ca 4 bnh thi.2.1.4.1 Bnh thi 1

Hnh 2.5 Sbnh thi 1


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Bnh thi 1 v 3 l bnh thi 16 bit, bnh thi 1 sdng 13 thanh ghi linquan, cn bnh thi 3 sdng 11 thanh ghi lin quan vi nhiu ch thc thikhc nhau. V bnh thi 1 v 3 hot ng ging nhau nn bi vit ny em chtrnhby vbnh thi 1.

Cc nh ngha sau sc sdng trong bnh thi 1:

BOTTOM:Bm t n gi trBOTTOM khi n c gi tr0000h.MAX:Bm c gi trMAX khi n bng FFFFh.TOP:Bm t gi trTOP khi n bng vi gi trcao nht trong chui m, gi trcao nht trong chui m khng nht thit l FFFFh m c th l bt cgi trnoc qui nh trong thanh ghi OCRnX (X=A,B,C) hay ICRn, ty theo ch thcthi.

Bnh thi 1 bao gm cc thanh ghi:Thanh ghi TCCR1A (Timer/Cuonter 1 Control Register)Thanh ghi TCCR1BThanh ghi TCCR1CThanh ghi Timer/Counter TCNT1H and TCNT1LThanh ghi Output Compare Register 1A OCR1AH and OCR1ALThanh ghi Output Compare Register 1B OCR1BH and OCR1BLThanh ghi Output Compare Register 1C OCR1CH and OCR1CLThanh ghi Input Capture Register 1 ICR1H and ICR1LThanh ghi Timer/Cuonter Interrupt Mask Register TIMSKThanh ghi Extended Timer/Cuonter Interrupt Mask Register ETIMSKThanh ghi Timer/Cuonter Interrupt Flag Register TIFRThanh ghi Extended Timer/Cuonter Interrupt Flag Register ETIFRThanh ghi Special Function IO Register SFIOR2.1.4.2 Bnh thi 3

Do bnh thi 3 c cu trc ging bnh thi 1, nn y chtrnh by ccthanh ghi c lin quan ti bnh thi 3.Thanh ghi TCCR3AThanh ghi TCCR3BThanh ghi TCCR3CThanh ghi Timer/Cuonter1 TCNT3H and TCNT3LThanh ghi Output Compare Register 3A OCR3AH and OCR3ALThanh ghi Output Compare Register 3B OCR3BH and OCR3BLThanh ghi Output Compare Register 3C OCR3CH and OCR3CLThanh ghi Extended Timer/Cuonter Interrupt Mask Register ETIMSKThanh ghi Extended Timer/Cuonter Interrupt Flag Register ETIFRThanh ghi Special Funtion IO Register SFIOR


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Ng ra khi Compare Match Output Unit

Hnh 2.6 Sng ra khi

Nhn hnh ta thy Pin OcnX (chn hn pin 15 ca IC tng ng vi OC1A), l ngra ca khi Compare Match Output Unit, c thc ni vi 3 thanh ghi l OCnX,PortX v DDRX. Thanh ghi no c ni vi Ocn l phthuc vo cc bit COMn1:0(tc l ty theo chhot ng ca bnh thi). Nu ta thit lp bnh thi hotng chthng ( tc khng sdng chc nng so snh khp) th chn Ocn trthnh chn vo ra sthng thng. Ng ra khi Compare Match Output Unit ca bnh thi 1 cng ging nhbnh thi 3.

2.1.4.3 Bnh thi 0

Hnh 2.7 Skhi bnh thi 0


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Bnh thi 0 l bnh thi 8 bit, bnh thi 0 lin quan ti 7 thanh ghi vi nhiuchthc thi khc nhau.

Cc nh nghaCc nh ngha sau sc sdng cho bnh thi 0 v 2

BOTTOM:Bm t ti gi tr BOTTOM khi n c gi tr00h.MAX: Bm t ti gi trMax khi n bng FFh.TOP:Bm t gi trTOP khi n bng vi gi tr cao nht trong chui

m, gi trcao nht trong chui m khng nht thit l FFh m c thl bt kgitrno c qui nh trong thanh ghi OCRn (n=0,2), tuy theo chthc thi.

Bnh thi 0 c vi c im chnh nh: Bm n knh, xa bnh thikhi c skin so snh khp (compare match) v tnp li, c thm tbgiaong 32 KHz bn ngoi, chPWM hiu chnh phaCc thanh ghi trong bnhthi 0 bao gm:Thanh ghi Timer/Cuonter Control Register TCCR0Thanh ghi Timer/Cuonter Register - TCNT0Thanh ghi Output Compare Register OCR0Thanh ghi Timer/Cuonter Intertupt Mask Register TIMSKThanh ghi Timer/Cuonter Interrupt Flag Register TIFRThanh ghi Special Function IO Register SFIORThanh ghi Asynchronous Status Register ASSR2.1.4.4 Bnh thi 2

Hnh 2.8 Skhi bnh thi 2


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Bnh thi 2 l bnh thi 8 bit, bnh thi 2 lin quan ti 5 thanh ghi vinhiu chthc thi khc nhau. Thuc tnh chnh ca bnh thi 2 gm: Bmn knh, xa bnh thi khi c skin so snh khp v tng np li, PWMhiu chnh pha, m skin bn ngoi.

CC THANH GHI BNH THI 2Thanh ghi Timer/Cuonter Cuontrol Register TCCR2Thanh ghi Timer/Cuonter Register TCNT2Thanh ghi Output Compare Register OCR2Thanh ghi Timer/Cuonter Interrupt Mask Register TIMSKThanh ghi Timer/Cuonter Interrupt Flag Register TIFR

2.2Cu trc ngt ca ATmega82.2.1 Khi nim vngt

Ngt l mt skin bn trong hay bn ngoi lm ngt bvi iu khin bo cho

n bit rng thit bcn dch vca n.Mt bvi iu khin c thphc vmt vi thit b, c hai cch thc hin iu

ny l sdng cc ngt (interrupt) v thm d (polling). Trong phng php sdng cc ngt th mi khi c mt thit bbt kcn n dch vca n th n bo chobvi iu khin bng cch gi mt tn hiu ngt. Khi nhn c tn hiu ngt th bvi iu khin ngt tt cnhng g n ang thc hin chuyn sang phc vthit b.Chng trnh i cng vi ngt c gi l dch v ngt ISR (Interrupt ServiceRoutine) hay cn gi l trnh qun l ngt (Interrupt handler). Cn trong phng phpthm d th bvi iu khin hin thlin tc tnh trng ca mt thit b cho v iukin tha mn th n phc vthit b. Sau chuyn sang hin thtrng thi ca thitbktip cho n khi tt cu c phc v.

Mc d phng php thm d c thhin thtnh trng ca mt vi thit bvphc vmi thit bkhi cc iu kin nht nh c tha mn nhng n khng tndng ht cng dng ca bvi iu khin. im mnh ca phng php ngt l bviiu khin c th phc v rt nhiu thit b (tt nhin l khng ti cng mt thiim). Mi thit bc thnhn c sch ca bvi iu khin da trn mc utin cho cc thit bv n kim tra tt ccc thit btheo kiu xoay vng. Quan trnghn l trong phng php ngt th bvi iu khin cng c thche hoc lm lmtyu cu dch vca thit b. iu ny li mt ln na khng ththc hin c trongphng php thm d. L do quan trng nht m phng php ngt c a chungnht l v phng php thm d lm hao ph thi gian ca bvi iu khin bng cchhi d tng thit bkckhi chng khng cn n dch v.

2.2.2 Trnh phc vngt ca bng Vector ngt.i vi mi ngt th phi c mt trnh phc v ngt ISR (Interrupt Service

Ruotine) hay trnh qun l ngt (Interrupt handler). Khi mt ngt c gi th bviiu khin phc vngt. Khi mt ngt c gi th bvi iu khin chy trnh phcvngt. i vi mi ngt th c mt vtr cnh trong bnhgili a chISRca n. Nhm cc vtr nhc dnh ring gi cc a chca cc ISR c gil bng vc tngt.


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Khi kch hot mt ngt th bvi iu khin i qua cc bc sau: Vi iu khin kt thc lnh ang thc hin v lu a chca lnh k tip (PC)vo ngn xp. N nhy n mt vtr cnh trong bnhc gi l bng vc tngt ni lugia chca mt trnh phc vngt. Bvi iu khin nhn a chISR tbng vc tngt v nhy ti . N bt uthc hin trnh phc vngt cho n lnh cui cng ca ISR l RETI (trvtngt). Khi thc hin lnh RETI bvi iu khin quay trvni n bngt. Trc htn nhn a chca bm chng trnh PC tngn xp bng cch ko hai byte trnnh ca ngn xp vo PC. Sau bt u thc hin cc lnh ta ch.

2.2.3 Bng Vector ngt ca ATmega8y l bng vc tngt ca Atmega8, cng vi a chca n trong bnh

chng trnh.

Svector a ch Ngun (im gc) ngha1 $0000 RESET Reset AVR2 $0002 INT0 Ngt ngoi 03 $0004 INT1 Ngt ngoi 14 $0006 INT2 Ngt ngoi 25 $0008 INT3 Ngt ngoi 36 $000A INT4 Ngt ngoi 47 $000C INT5 Ngt ngoi 58 $000E INT6 Ngt ngoi 69 $0010 INT7 Ngt ngoi 710 $0012 TIMER2 COMP So snh Timer/Cuonter 2

11 $0014 TIMER2 OVF Bo trn Timer/Cuonter 212 $0016 TIMER1 COMPA Sdng Timer/Cuonter 113 $0018 TIMER1 COMPA So snh Timer/Cuonter1 (A)14 $001A TIMER1 COMPB So snh Timer/Cuonter1 (B)15 $001C TIMER1 OVF Bo trn Timer/Cuonter 116 $001E TIMER0 COMP So snh Timer/Cuonter017 $0020 TIMER0 OVF Bo trn Timer/Cuonter018 $0022 SPI.STC Khi truyn nhn ni tip19 $0024 USART0. RX Btruyn dliu ni tip 0 RX20 $0026 USART0.UDRE Bdliu trng USART021 $0028 USART0.TX Btruyn dliu ni tip TX

22 $002A ADC Bchuyn i ADC23 $002C EE READY BnhEEPROM24 $002E ANALOG COMP So snh tn hiu tng t25 $0030 TIMER1 COMPC So snh Timer/Cuonter1 (C)26 $0032 TIMER3 CAPT Sdng Timer/Cuonter327 $0034 TIMER3 COMPA So snh Timer/Cuonter3 (A)28 $0036 TIMER3 COMPB So snh Timer/Cuonter3 (B)


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Hnh 2.9 Bng vector ngt ca Atmega8 [3]

2.2.4 Thtu tin ngtKhng nhvi iu khin h8051, thtu tin ca cc ngt c ththay

i c bng cch lp trnh. Vi vi iu khin AVR thtu tin cc ngt l khngth thay i v theo qui tc: Mt vc t ngt c a ch thp hn trong b nhchng trnh c mc u tin cao hn. Chn hn ngt ngoi 0 (INT0) c mc u tin cao hn ngt ngoi 1 (INT1).

cho php mt ngt ngi dng cn cho php ngt ton cc (set bit 1 trong

thanh SREG) v cc bit iu khin tng ng.Khi mt ngt xy ra v ang c phc vth bit I trong thanh ghi SREG bxa, nhthkhi c mt ngt khc xy ra th n skhng c phc v, do chophp cc ngt trong mt ISR (interrupt service routine) khc ang thc thi, th trongchng trnh ISR phi c lnh SEI set li bit I trong SREG.

2.2.5 Ngt trong ngt.Khi AVR ang thc hin mt trnh phc vngt thuc mt ngt no th li

c mt ngt khc c kch hot. Trong nhng trng hp nhvy th mt ngt cmc u tin cao hn c thngt mt ngt c mc u tin thp hn. Lc ny ISR cangt c mc u tin cao hn sc thc thi. Khi thc hin xong ISR ca ngt c

mc u tin cao hn th n mi quay li phc v tip ISR ca ngt c mc u tinthp hn trc khi trvchng trnh chnh. y gi l ngt trong ngt.

Hnh 2.10 Cc ngt lng nhau

29 $0038 TIMER3 COMPC So snh Timer/Cuonter3 (C)30 $003A TIMER3 OVF Bo trn Timer 331 $003C USART1.RX Btruyn dliu ni tip 1 RX32 $003E USART1.UDRE Bdliu rng USART133 $0040 USART1.TX Btruyn dliu ni tip 1 TX

34 $0042 TWI Hai gi trbn ngoi35 $0044 SPM READY Bnhchng trnh


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Ch :

Ginh l khi mt ISR no ang thc thi th xy ra mt yu cu ngt t

mt ISR khc c mc u tin thp hn th ISR c mc u tin thp hn khng cphc v, nhng n skhng bbqua lun m trng thi ch. Ngha l ngay saukhi ISR c mc u tin cao hn thc thi xong th n lt ISR c mc u tin thphn sc phc v.

2.2.6 Cc ngt ngoi [3]AT mega8 c 8 ngt ngoi tINT0 n INT7 (y cha kti ngt Reset).

Tm ngt ny tng ng vi 8 chn ca MCU la INT0, INT1INT7. l ngayckhi cc chn INT0, INT1,INT7 ca MCU c cu hnh nhl chn li ra, thcc ngt ngoi vn c tc dng nu c cho php.

Cc ngt ngoi c th bt mu theo kiu cnh ln (Rising), cnh xung(Falling) hay mc thp (Low level). iu ny c qui dnh trong hai thanh ghiEICRA v EICRB. Di y l m tchi tit 2 thanh ghi EICRA v EICRB v ccthanh ghi lin quan ti ngt ngt ngoi.Thanh ghi External Interrupt Control Register A EICRA

Tm bit ca thanh ghi EICRA siu khin kiu bt mu cho 4 ngt INT3, INT2,INT1, INT0. Qui nh cthc thhin trong bng sau:

ISCn1 ISCn0 Kiu bt mu0 0 Mc thp sto yu cu ngt0 1 Dtr1 0 Cnh xung (Falling) sto yu cu ngt1 1 Cnh ln (Rising) sto yu cu ngt

Hinh 2.11 Bng iu khin kiu bt mu ngt

Thanh ghi External Interrupt Control Register B EICRB


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Tm bit ca thanh ghi EICRA siu khin kiu bt mu cho 4 ngt INT7, INT6,INT5, INT4. Qui nh cthc thhin trong bng sau:

ISCn1 ISCn0 Kiu bt mu0 0 Mc sto yu cu ngt0 1 Bt csthay i mc logic no

chn INTn sto ra mt yu cu ngt.1 0 Cnh xung (Falling) gia hai mu s

to yu cu ngt.1 1 Cnh ln (Rising) gia hai mu sto

yu cu ngt.

Vi n = 7,6,5,4

Thanh ghi External Interrupt Mask Register - EIMSK

Thanh ghi External Interrupt Flag Register EIFR

Thanh ghi MCU Control Register MCUCR


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2.3 Cc bphn ngoi vi khc [3] [4]Ngoi cc bphn ngoi vi c gii thiu trn nh: Bnh thi, cc

cng vo ra, EEPROM . Vi iu khin AT mega8 c nhiu bphn ngoi vi khc,cc bngoi vi ny rt tin li trong cc ng dng iu khin (bPWM) xl sliu

(bADC, bso snh Analog), giao tip (bUSART, SPI, I2C). Vic tch hp ccb ngoi vi ny vo trong chip gip cho cc thit k tr nn thun tin hn, kchthc bo mch cng gn gng hn.

2.3.1 Bso snh tng t

Sn gin ca bso snh tng t(Analog Comparator). Nhhnh bndi bso snh c hai ng vo tng t l AIN0 v AIN1 v mt ng ra sACO.Nguyn tc hot ng ca bso snh tng tl: Khi ng vo AIN0 c in thcaohn ng vo AIN1 th ng ra ACO smc cao (tng ng vi mc logic 1), ngcli khi ng vo AIN0 c in ththp hn ng vo AIN1 th ng ra ACO smc

thp (tng ng vi mc logic 0). Thng th trong hai ng vo, c mt ng vo cin thc gicnh dng lm in ththam chiu (Vref), in thng cnli c ththay i c ththam chiu vi ng vo Vref. Trng thi ca ng ra ACOca bso snh c thc dng to ra mt ngt, kt ni vi bnh thi 1 sdng chc nng input capture ca bnh thi ny.

Hnh 2.12 Sgin lt ca bso snh tng t

y c skhc bit vchi tit b so snh tng ti vi cc dng AVRkhc nhau, chn hn b so snh tng t ca AT90S8535 hi khc vi b so snhtng tAT mega8, tuy nhin cu trc cbn th vn nhnhau. Ta thy hai ngvo AIN0 v AIN1 tng ng vi hai chn PBx v PBy (x=2, y=3, i viAT90S8535). Atmega8 ta c nhiu la chn ng vo hn, cc thanh ghi ch trong

bnhsgip ta thit lp cc la chn ny.

2.3.2 Bbin i ADC

2.3.2.1 Gii thiu bADC ca Atmega 8Bbin i ADC c chc nng bin i tn hiu tng t(analog signal) c gi

tr thay i trong mt di bit trc thnh tn hiu s (digital signal). B ADC caAtmega8 c phn gii 10 bit, sai stuyt i l 2LSB, di tn hiu ng vo t0V-


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Vcc, tn hiu ng vo c nhiu la chn nh: c 8 ng vo a hp n hng(Multiplexed Single Ended), 7 ng vo vi sai (Differential Input), BADC ca ATmega8 l loi ADC xp xlin tip vi hai chc thla chn l chuyn i lintc (Free Running) v chuyn i tng bc (Single Conversion).

-Chuyn i lin tc: l chm sau khi khi ng th bADC thc hin chuyni lin tc khng ngng.

- Chuyn i tng bc: l b ADC sau khi hon thnh mt chuyn i th sngng, mt chuyn i tip theo chc bt u khi phn mm c yu cu chuyni tip.

Skhi n gin ca mt bADC c thhin nhsau:

Hnh 2.13 Skhi n gin bADC [5]

Nguyn tc hot ng ca khi ADC: Tn hiu tng ta vo cc ng ADC0:7 c ly mu v bin i thnh tn hiu stng ng. Tn hiu sc lu hnhtrong hai thanh ghi ACDH v ADCL. Mt ngt c thc to ra khi hon thnh mtchu trnh bin i ADC. BADC ca Atmega8 phc tp hn nhiu, tuy nhin csvn da vo nguyn tc trn.


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Hnh 2.14 Sng vo vi sai [5]

V d: on chng trnh nh sau cho php bADC hot ng chbin itng bc, ngvo l chn ADC3, khng dng ngt.

ldir16,3 ;outADMUX, r16 // Chn ng vo ADC 3, in ththam chiu Vref

ldir16, 0b10000101outADCSRA, r16 // khng dng ngt, hschia clock l 32, chy tngbc

sbiADCSRA, ADSC // khi ng bADC

Wait:SbisADCSRA, ADIF // i ADC hon thnhrjmpWait

inr16, ADCL // lu kt quADC

inr17, ADCH


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2.3.3 Btruyn dliu ni tip USART

2.3.3.1 Tm lc vUSARTUSART (Universal Synchronous and Asynchronous serial Receiver and

Transmitter): Biu khin ng bv bt ng b, y l khi chc nng dng cho

vic truyn thng gia vi iu khin vi cc thit bkhc. Trong vn truyn dlius, c thphn chia cch thc truyn d liu ra hai chcbn l: Chnhnng b(Synchronous) v chtruyn nhn bt ng b(Asynchronous). Ngoi ra,nu gc phn cng th c thphn chia theo cch khc l: Truyn nhn dliutheo kiu ni tip (serial) v song song (paralell).

Truyn ng b: l kiu truyn dliu trong btruyn (Transmitter) v bnhn (Receiver) sdng mt xung ng h(clock). Do , hot ng truyn v nhngiliu ra ng thi.

Truyn bt ng b: L kiu truyn dliu trong mi btruyn v bnhnc bdao ng xung clock ring, tc xung clock hai khi ny c thkhc nhau,nhng thng khng qu 10%. Do khng dng chung xung clock, nn ng b

qu trnh truyn v nhn dliu, ngi ta phi truyn cc bit ng b(Start, Stop.)i km vi cc bit dliu.

Gii thiu bUSART ca Atmega 8AT mega8 c hai bUSART l USART0 v USART1. Hai bUSART ny l c

lp nhau, iu ny c ngha l hai khi USART0 v USART1 c thhot ng cngmt lc. Bn di l skhi n gin ca khi USART.

Hnh 2.15 Skhi bUSART


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2.4 Hthng xung CLOCK v lp trnh bnhON CHIP

2.4.1 Hthng xung CLOCK

H thng xung clock Atmega8 c chia thnh nhiu khi khc nhau, mi khi(modul) scung cp xung clock cho cc khi ngoi vi ng dng tng ng.

Hnh 2.16 Shthng xung clock cho Atmega8


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CHNG III

NGN NGC CHO AVR

3.1 Khi nim3.1.1 Cc ch thch v tin xl (PreProcessor) [1]

Cc ch thch.Thng thng bt u mt chng trnh l cc ch thch vproject cch ch

thch phi bt u bng du // hay /* cc ch thch*/ v c trnh bin dch bquakhi bin dch, chn hn:

//***********************************

// comments placed in there// File: demo.c// Au thor: Pham Ngoc Dang Khoa// Date: 2007

Cc tin xl.#include:Dng chn cc file cn thit vo project, cc file ny nn trong thmc inc ca trnh bin dch CodeVisionAVR.

V d:

#include cho php sdng cc thanh ghi ca Atmega8. Tc bo cho trnhbin dch bit chng ta ang sdng vi iu khin Atmega8. y sl dng code utin trong chng trnh C.

#define:Dng nh ngha mt gi trno bng cc k t.

V d:

#define max 0xff

nh ngha max c gi tr l 0xff. Ch khng c du chm phy (;) cui cu v

define chl mt macro chkhng phi l mt lnh. Macro cng c thc tham s.V d:

#define SUM(a,b) a+bMain( ){// cc lnh khcInt I = SUM(2,3)// cc lnh khc


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};

Th isc gn thnh i = 2+3 = 5

Cc kiu dliu (Data Types)Ngoi cc kiu dliu ca C, CodeVisionAVR cn c kiu dliu bitl

kiu dliu 1 bit, nn gii gi trchc 0 v 1. Kiu bit chhtri vi khai bobin ton cc l chnh. Vi bin bit cc b, trnh bin dch chcho khai bo ti a 8bin bit.V d:

Bit a; //a l bin kiu bit

Cc kiu khc c cho trong bng di.

Kiu dliu Kch c(bit) Gii hnBit 1 0,1Char 8 -128 n 127Unsigned char 8 0 n 225Signed char 8 -128 n127Int 16 -32768 n 32767Short int 16 -32768 n 32767Unsigned int 16 0 n 65535Sunged int 16 -32768 n 32767Long int 32 -2147483648 n 2147483647Unsign long int 32 0 n 4294967295

Signed long int 32 -2147483648 n 2147483647Float 32 1.175e38 n 3.402e38double 32 1.175e38 n 3.402e38

Hng- Cc hng sc t trong bnhFLASH, chkhng t trong RAM.- Khng c khai bo hng trong chng trnh con.- Gi tr100 c hiu l sthp phn (decimal), 0b101 chgi trnhphn

(binary) v 0xff chgi trthp lc (hexadecimal)

V d:

Const char a = 128; //hng sa c kiu char v c gi trl 128.


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Bin- Bin gm c bin ton cc (global) l bin m hm no cng c thtruy xut, v

bin cc b(local) l bin m chc thtruy xut trong hm m n c khai bo.- Bin ton cc, nu khng c gi trkhi to sc mt nh l 0. Bin cc b,

nu khng c gi trkhi to sc gi trkhng bit trc.- Bin ton cc c lu trtrong cc thanh ghi Rn, nu dng ht cc thanh ghi thschuyn sang lu trtrong vng SRAM. ngn cn cc bin ton cc c luvo cc thanh ghi Rn, d cc thanh ghi ny vn cn tdo, ta dng tkha volatile.

- Bin ton cc nu khng lu trong cc thanh ghi a chc nng th c lu trtrong b nhSRAM, cn bin cc b, nu khng lu trong cc thanh ghi a chcnng, th c lu trtrong vng data STACK.Khi chng trnh trvgi trcuicng cho hm th cc bin cc bc lu trtrong stack sbkha. bin cc bkhng bxa khi thot khi hm ta dng tkha static.

- Binbitton cc c cp pht cc thanh ghi R2 ti R14 ca vi iu khin, ccbit c cp pht tR2 ti R14 theo thtkhai bo, nhc li l Atmega8 c 32 thanh

ghi a chc nng R0 n R31.- Trong chng trnh C, ni bt u thc thi chng trnh l im bt u ca hmMain. Thc t, khi bin dch sang hp ng(assembly), im bt u ca chng trnhvn l vtr vector reset(a ch0000h). Trc khi chy ti vtr chng trnh main,chng trnh hp ngsthc hin khi to cc bin ton cc,. Do , khi chy vohm main, cc bin ton cc, m thc cht l cc nh(byte hay word), c gi trkhi to sn. Vi cc bin cc b, trnh hp ngkhng khi to trc gi tr.

V d: khai bo bin cc bnhsau:Main ( )

{ unsigned char test = 9;Test+=1;}Sdch sang hp ngl

LDI Rn, 0x09 ;// n ty theo dng chip v chng trnhSUBI Rn, 0xFF ;// trnh ta vit, R17 chn hn

Nhvy, vi bin cc b, khi no sdng th mi khi to.

V d1:

/* khai bo bin ton cc */char a;

int b;/* c thkhi to gi tr*/

Long c = 0b1111;/* chng trnh con */Int increment (void)


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{/* khai bo bin static */Static int n ;Return n++ ;}

/* chng trnh chnh */Void main (void) {/* khai bo bin cc b*/Char d;Int e;/* c thkhi to gi tr*/Long f = 16;d = increment () ;/* d = 1 */e = increment () ;/* e = 2, v khi thot khi hm increment th gi trca bin static n vn

khng bxa */

V d2:

bit bit_mot ; // bit 0 ca thanh ghi R2 c cp cho bin bit_motbit bit_hai ; // bit 1 ca thanh ghi R2 c cp cho bin bit_hai

l cc bin kiu bit trn l bin ton cc, i vi bin bit cc b, trnh bindch sct trong thanh ghi R15. Cc thanh ghi R2 ti R14 cng c thc cp phtcho bin thanh ghi (register variable), ty vo cc ty chn khi cu hnh cho trnh

bin dch.Bin volatile:- tng thch vi cc thit bngoi vi khi ghp ni vi vi iu khin, chn hn

bADC, ghp ni vi RTC. Ngi ta dng cc bin volatile.Bin Volatile l bin m gi tr ca n khng c thay i bi chng trnh,nhng c thc thay i bi phn cng.

Chuyn i kiu dliuTrong mt biu thc ton hc, cc ton hng c thc kiu dliu khc nhau, khi

trnh bin dch stng chuyn tt ccc ton hng vcng mt kiu duy nht.Thtu tin chuyn i l:

Char -> unsigned char -> int -> unsigned int -> long -> unsigned long -> float


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V d1.

int a ;long c, b;c = a*b ; // a sc tng chuyn thnh long

V d2.Php nhn sau y cho kt qusai:

int a, b = 30000;long c ;c = a*b ;

Php ton trn snhn a vi b trc, vi tch thu c l int btrn, ri mi chuyntch thu c sang long, ri gn tch b trn ny cho c. khng b trn, ta sa libiu thc trn nhsau:

int a,b = 30000;long c ;c = (long) a*b ;

Lc ny a,b c chuyn thnh longtrc khi nhn, nn tch sl longkhng btrn,ri gn kt qucho c.

3.1.2 Mng (Array)Mng l mt dy cc bin xp lin tc nhau. K hiu [ ] dng khai bo mng.

Mng khai bo ngoi hm gi l mng ton cc (global array), mng khai bo tronghm gi l mng cc b(local array).

V d:int global_array[4] = {1,2,3,4}// mng c 4 phn t(dng nguyn) c khi to gi trban u.global_array [0] = 9 ;// ghi gi tr9 vo phn tu tin ca mngint multidim_array [2] [3] = {{1,2,3},{4,5,6}}// mng a chiu c khi to gi trban u.

3.1.3 Hm (Function)-Hm l on chng trnh thc hin trn vn mt cng vic nht nh.-Hm chia ct vic ln bng nhiu vic nh. N gip cho chng trnh sng sa,dsa, nht l i vi cc chng trnh ln.-Chng trnh phc vngt (ISR) cng c thxem l mt hm, nhng khng ctham struyn vo m cng khng c tham strv.-Gi trtrvca hm c lu trong cc thanh ghi R30, R31, R22, R23.


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Con tr(Pointer)Nhng bin lu tra chca mt bin khc gi l con tr(pointer). C hai tontlin quan ti con trl: &v *.

&: l ton tly a ch, c ngha l a chca.* : l ton ttham chiu, c ngha l Gi trc trbi.sdng con trta phi khai bo n. Kiu khai bo nhsau:

Type * pointer_name

V d:

Int *con_tro ;

l du sao (*) m chng ta t khi khai bo mt con trchc ngha rng:

l mt con trv hon ton khng lin quan n ton ttham chiu * m chng ta ni trn. n gin chl hai tc vkhc nhau c biu din bi cng mtdu.

Khi mt bin con trc khai bo, n cha cha ng gi trno c, ging nhcc kiu bin khc. gn a chcho con trchng ta cn phi gn gi trcho contr (tc khi to con tr).

V d:

Int number;

int *con_tro;// khai bo bin con trl mt con trnguyncon_tro = &number ;// bin con_tro ti bin number

Sau khi khi to, ta c thsdng con trbnh thng trong cc biu thc.

V d:int value1 = 5 ;int value2 = 15 ;int * mypointer;mypointer = &valuel; // con trmypointer trti bin value1*mypointer = 10; // gi trca bin valuel = 10

mypointer = &value2; // con trmypointer trti bin value2*mypointer = 20; // gi trca bin value2 = 20

3.1.3 Truy xut cc thanh ghi vo ra(accessing the i/o registers)

Vic truy xut cc thanh ghi I/O ca AVR kh n gin, tt ccc thanh ghi I/Oca AVR c khai bo trong file io.h. (hoc file header cho tng chip c th,


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mega8.h) vo chng trnh l c thsdng cc thanh ghi ny. Ch l vic truyxut bit trong cc thanh ghi c a ch5Fh trln trong vng nhSRAM l khng ththc hin c.

V d:include

char temp ;temp = PIND; // c gi trcng D vo bin tempTCCR0 = 0x4F; // ghi gi tr4Fh vo thanh ghi TCCR0

DDRD = 0x0c; // set bit 2 v 3 ca thanh ghi DDRD

3.2 Tm tt cu trc iu khin[1] [6]3.2.1 Cu trc iu kin: ifv else.

if (condition 1)

{Khi lnh 1}else if (codition 2){Khi lnh 2}else{Khi lnh khc}

V d.

if (input ==KEY_1) PORTD = 0x01;else if (input == KEY_2) PORTD = 0x02;else if (input == KEY_3) PORTD = 0x03;elsePORTD = 0x00

3.2.2 Vng lp While v do Whilewhile (expression) starement ; // (1)dostatement while (condition); // (2)

Chc nng ca (1) n gin ch l lp li statement khi iu kinexpressioncn tha mn.

Chc nng ca (2) hon ton ging vng lp whitechtrmt iu l iukin iu khin vng lp c tnh ton sau khi statementc thc hin, v


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vy statementsc thc hin t nht mt ln ngay ckhi conditionkhngbao gic tha mn.

V d:int i ;

while (I < 128){PORD = I;i = i*2 ;}

c thlp v hn, ta dng cu trc:

While (1){Statement

}3.2.3 Vng lp forfor (initialization; condition; increase) statement;

Chc nng chnh ca n l lp li statement chng no condition cnmang gi trng nh trong vng lp while. Nhng thm vo , for cung cpchdnh cho lnh khi to v lnh tng. V vy vng lp ny c thit ktbit lp li mt hnh ng vi mt sln nht nh.

Initializationc thc hin. Ni chung n t mt gi trban u cho bin iukhin. Lnh ny c thc hin chmt ln.Conditionc kim tra, nu n l ng vng lp tip tc cn nu khng vnglp kt thc v statementc bqua.Statementc thc hin. N c thc mt lnh n hoc l mt khi lnh cbao trong mt cp ngoc nhn.Cui cng, increasec thc hin tng bin iu khin v vng lp quay trli kim tra.

V d:For (int i = 1; I


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3.2.4 Lnh rnhnh break v continue [1]- Sdng break chng ta c ththot khi vng lp ngay ckhi iu kin n ktthc cha c tha mn. Lnh ny c thc dng kt thc mt vng lpkhng xc nh hay buc n phi kt thc gia chng thay v kt thc mt cch

bnh thng.- Lnh continue lm cho chng trnh bqua phn cn li ca vng lp v nhysang ln lp tip theo.

V d1:int n;for (n=10; n>0; n--){PORD = n ;if (n== 7){

break;}}

Chng trnh trn scho PORTD = 10, 9, 8, 7.Ch , nu sa li on code trn nhsau:

int n;for (n=10; n >0; n--){if (n== 7){break;

}PORTD = n ;}

Th PORTD = 10, 9, 8.

V d2.For (int n =10; n>0; n--){if (n==5) continue;PORTD = n ;

Kt qul PORTD = 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 4, 3, 2, 1.

Ch , nu sa li on code trn nhsau:For (int n = 10; n>0; n--){PORTD = nif (n == 5) continue;}

Th PORTD = 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1


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Lnh nhy goto

Lnh goto cho php nhy v iu kin vi bt k im no trong chng trnh.

V d:

int n = 10;loop :PORTD = n ;n-- ;if (n>0) goto loop;

PORTD = 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1.

Loop l nhn ca chng trnh, ging cch vit trong hp ng., lnh n--, lnh ny sgim n i 1. Ta c thvit gn hai cu lnh:

PORTD = n ;n-- ;

thnh: PORTD = n--;lnh ny c hiu l thc hin php gn trc ri mi gim ni 1. Nu sa li thnh PORTD = --n; th sgim n i 1 ri mi thc hin php gn.Tc tng ng vi:n-- ;PORTD = n ;

Lc ny PORTD = 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1.

Trng hp ++n v n++ cng hiu tng t, vi du + chstng ln.

3.2.5 Cu trc la chn SwitchSwitch (expression) {case constant1 :block of instructions 1break;case constant2 :block of instructions 2break;

.defaultdefault block of instructions}


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Switch hot ng theo cch sau: switch tnh biu thc v kim tra xem n c bngconstant1 hay khng, nu ng th n thc hin block of instructions 1 cho n khitm thy tkha break, sau nhy n phn cui ca cu trc la chn switch. Cnnu khng, switch skim tra xem biu thc c bng constant 2 hay khng. Nu ngn sthc hin block of instructions 2 cho n khi tm thy tkha break. Cui cng,

nu gi trbiu thc khng bng bt khng no c chnh trn th chngtrnh sthc hin cc lnh trong phn default nu n tn ti v phn ny khng btbuc phi c.

C stng tgia lnh Switch v cu trc if else

Switch (x) {case 1:

PORTD = 0x01 ;break;

case 2:

PORTD = 0x02;break;default:

PORTD = 0x00;}

Tng ng vi:

If (x == 1){

PORTD = 0x01;

Else if (x == 2){PORTD = 0x02;

}else{PORTD = 0x00;}

3.3Chng hp ngvo trong chng trnh Cc thvit hp ngtrong chng trnh C, ta dng chth#asmv #endasm.Cc thanh ghi R0, R1, R22 R23, R24, R25, R26, R27, R30, R31 c thsdng trong

on chng trnh hp ng.

V d:

#asmSei // cho php ngt ton cc


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#endasm

Nu chvit trn mt dng th c thvit gn l:#asm (sei)

3.4 Tchc bnhSRAM [1]Trnh bin dch phn chia v qun l bnhSRAM ca AVR nhsau: truy

xut trc tip ti mt a chno trong cc vng nhca AVR ta dng cch sau,cch ny thch hp khi ta mun qun l mt khi nhcho mt chc nng no :

Truy xut bnhRAMUnsigned char *Pointer;Pointer= (unsigned char *) 0x90h ; // truy xut vo a ch0x90h ca SRAM

Truy xut bnhFlash

Flash unsigned char *Pointer;Pointer= (flash unsigned char *) 0x90h ; //truy xut vo a ch0x90h ca flash

Truy xut bnhEepromEeprom unsigned char *Pointer;Pointer = (eeprom unsigned char *) 0x90h; truy xut vo a ch0x90h ca eeprom


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3.5 Phn mm lp trnh cho biu khin txa AVR Atmega8

Gii thiu phn mm CODEVISIONAVR [3]

Hnh 3.1 Chng trnh lp trnh ATmega8

CodeVisionAVR l phn mm chuyn dng lp trnh chip AVR, ngn nglp trnh C hay Asm v mt sngn ngthng dng khc u c thchy trn nnCode Vision AVR. Trong nghin cu khoa hc ny em sdng chng trnh C tin hnh lp trnh trn chip AVR giao tip v truyn tn hiu txa thng qua sngRF (mt dng tn hiu truyn ca Atmega 8). [3]

Gii thiu slc vphn mm Codevision

Hnh 3.2 Giao din lp trnh ca phn mm CodeVisionAVR


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To mt chng trnh mi FILE>> NEW

Hnh 3.3 Cc to mt project trn CodeVision

Nhn OKtip tc cc bc to project cho phn mm:

Hnh 3.4 Cc bc thc hin

Check vo nt Project>>> OK



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Chn thChip chn loi AVR cn lp trnh v tc xung Clock

Hnh 3.6 Cch chn loi AVR

Gn cc trng thi cho Port cn lp trnh


Sau cc bc ny l ta c thtin hnh lp trnh trn CodeVision AVR


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3.6Phng php v phn mm np cho ATmega8 [4]Phn mm AVR Pro c sdng trong vic np dliu cho bthu v pht ca

ti: iu khin thit bbng ging ni txa. y l phn mm c tch hpcho cng Com 9 chn, v cng USB ca mch np tng ng. Trong qu trnh thc

hin ti th em dng mch np cng USB a dliu vo chip Atmega 8.

3.6.1 Tnh nng mch np [6]Mch np USB AVR s dng tt nht trn nn h iu hnh Windows XP

Professional v Vista.

Np c hu ht cc dng AVR v mt schip 89S ca Atmel.Htry cc tc vnp chip thng thng nh: Ghi/xa/c ni dung trong

chip, kim tra li sau khi np.Htrkha chip v lp trnh fuse bit .Header np ISP chun ICE 5x2 nhdng KIT th nghim STK ca ATMEL gip

kt ni thun tin.Tc np cao, sdng c vi hu ht cc trnh bin dch: Code Vision, AVR

Studio...Cc k n gin trong kt ni, ci t v sdng.

3.6.2 Cch ci t Driver v np chng trnh cho ATmega8 [5]qu trnh ci t driver cho mch np AVR din ra sun scn lu : khng nnkt ni mch np vi KIT cha chip cn np trc khi hon tt qu trnh ci tdriver.Trnh tci t nhsau:a da CD km theo sn phm vo CD.Cm mch np AVR vo cng USB trn PC.

Trn mn hnh hin ra thng bo tm thy phn cng mi di gc phi v hp thoiyu cu ngi dng chra driver tng ng cho phn cng mi ny.

Chnh cthng dn

n thmc cha driver nm trn a CD theo cc bcnhhnh di y:(ng dn mc nh l [Tn CD]\[Driver]\ )


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Trong qu trnh ci t, nu hp thoi di y xut hin, chn Continueanyway...


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* Hp thoi sau y thng bo qu trinh ci t thnh cng.


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Sau khi ci t xong driver, thit bsc PC xc nhn di hnh thc cngCOM o, do cn tinh chnh thng scng COM ny ti u nht. Vo StartControl PanelSystem...

Nhp chn nh trn vo chng trnh qun l thit b trn PC (DeviceManager)... [1]


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Hiu chnh cc thng snhhnh bn di:

Mt strng hp mch np vn cha hot ng, nhp chn Advanced.. trn hnhtrn...


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Chn COM Port Number khc, lu nu trong danh sch cc cng COM, cngno ang bchim dng (in use) th khng c chn cng COM ny.Nhvy l hon tt bc ci t driver cho mch np USB AVR 910.

3.6.3Phn mm npCc phn mm np tng thch bao gm AVR Studio v Code Vision.Chng trnh AVRProg tuy giao din n gin nhng c u im l np rt nhanh,

cn CodeVision th ngc li.Sau y shng dnCc bc np chip sdng chng trnh AVR Prog trongAVR Studio:

Cm mch np vo cng USB.Khi ng chng trnh AVR Prog.Cm cable np gia mch np vi KIT cha chip cn np tng ng.Chn loi chip tng ng trn tab Device, nhp chn Advanced test xem mchnp nhn ra chip cha...Nu khng xut hin bt k thng bo li no m hin ngayln ca sAdvanced, trong khung nh du nhbn di hin thr rng thng sca chip (khng c du ?) c ngha l mch np hot ng tt v nhn ra chip.


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Nhvy l c thbt u sdng mch np chip.

Cc mode, ty chn trong ca sAdvanced cn tm hiu ktrong datasheet ca nhsn xut c sthit t ng.

3.6.4 Cch khc phc li khi np

Chng trnh np khng nhn ra phn cng mch np tng thch: Khi khi ng chng trnh np xut hin thng bo li nhsau


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Cc bc khc phc:+ Tt chng trnh np v rt mch np ra khi PC. Lp li thao tc trong Ccbc np chip sdng chng trnh AVR Prog trong AVR Studio ln na.

+ Nu cha c, kim tra driver ci t cha. Nu ci t thnh cng, vochng trnh qun l thit b, xem cng USB (COM) ang sdng cho mch npc bchim dng khng v thi sang cng USB (COM) khc v tin hnh thli.

Chng trnh nhn ra phn cng tng ng v vo c chng trnh np,nhng khi nhp Advanced th khng nhn ra chip, thay vo l bng thngbo:

Cc bc khc phc:- Hy rt mch np ra khi my tnh, tt chng trnh np, refresh v lp li thao tc

trong Cc bc np chip sdng chng trnh AVR Prog trong AVR Studio lnna.

- Nu khng c, kim tra chun kt ni phn cng trn mch cha chip cn np.

- Khi cm mch np vo cng USB khc trn my, PC yu cu ci li driver cho thitb.- Thng thng, vic ci driver chc tc dng i vi mch np cm ng vi mt

cng USB nht nh trn PC. V vy, khi bn cm mch np trn cng USB khctrn my, bn vn phi ci driver sdng mch np trn cng USB ny.


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PHN B

THIT K

THI CNG


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CHNG 4

THIT KV THI CNG MCH XL GING NI

4.1 Snguyn l mch iu khin tn hiu ging ni

4.1.1 Snguyn l

Hnh 4.1 Snguyn l mch xl ging ni [2]


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BN THIT KNGUYN L TRN ORCAD

Hnh 4.2 Mch nguyn l dng ic HM2007 trong Capture (phn mm Orcad)


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4.1.2 Smch in 2 lpBoard mch 2 lp thit kln 1

Hnh 4.3 Board HM 2007 (ln 1)

Board mch 2 lp thit kln hai (sn phm cho thit bhon chnh)

Hnh 4.4 Board HM2007 ln 2


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4.2 Cc board mch IC HM2007 thc hin thnghim

Board mt lp thc hin thnghim ln u tin

Hnh 4.5: Board 1 lp thit kthnghim

Board hai lp thc hin ln u tin

Hnh 4.6: Board mch 2 lp thc t


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Board mch in 2 lp thit kci tin ln 2.

Hnh 4.7 Board cho sn phm hon chnh


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CHNG 5THIT KMCH IU KHIN TXA CHO CHIP AVR

ATMEGA8

5.1 Snguyn l mch iu khin txa

Hnh 5.1 Smch ATmega8 trn Capture (phn mm Orcad)


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5.2 Sthit kmch in v thi cng

Mch n gin gm ngun vo 5V cp cho vi xl v t bit trung tm l mtchip ATmega 8 vi cc jack ng ra iu khin cc thit b.

Hnh 5.2 Smch in trn layout Hnh 5.3 Mch thc t

5.3 Hnh nh thc tbAtmega8 ca thit b

Hnh 5.4 Bthu (pht) txa ca thit b

Do mch chn sdng l ic dn, nn khi thit kbn vchi tit v nguyn

l em cng mnh dng sdng cc linh kin dn nh(led, ic n p,) gimkch thc mch v tng tnh thm mcho hthng iu khin.Mt hthng thu (hoc pht) sdng 2 chip AVR Atmega8 xl dliu

v truyn i, do ton h thng sdng ng lot 4 chip Atmega8 cho cbphn nhn v thu tn hiu. y l bc ci tin mi cho vic iu khin thit bkhon cch txa, dem li stin li, an ton cho ngi sdng.


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CHNG 6QU TRNH THIT KCC MODUL NG RA CA SN PHM

6.1 Mc ch thit kcc Modul ng ra.V tn hiu sau khi xl v a ra i dng cc snhphn 0 v 1 sdng

in p 5VDC. Do iu khin c cc thit bc mc in p cao hn ta phithit kcc mch ng lc cho thit b(cc modul ng ra). Nhn thy nc ta thcc thit bphn ln sdng cc mc in p sau: 5VDC: dnh cho cc IC v vi iu khin. 24VDC: dnh cho cc cm bin, van kh nn, ng crobot 220VAC: Cho cc thit bin dn dng, s dng trong cuc sng con nginh, n, qut, bp in .

Qua cc kho st trn th em mnh dn thit kmch nguyn l v board 2lp cho cc modul ng ra ca thit b. Modul ng ra 5VDC v 24 VDC c thnhcng v a vo iu khin cc robocon hot ng n nh ti xng robocon trngi hc Lc Hng, cc tay gp phn loi sn phm, cc board thc hnh kh nn uc chy n nh bng tn hiu ging ni.

t bit ti ch trng pht trin mnh vic iu khin cc thit btrong nhsdng mc in p 220VAC, do Modul 220VDC c thni l quan trng nhtca thit b, Modul c thit kgm 1 biu khin txa v mch ng lc, cngvi thit kckh vhp mquan lm tng khnng ng dng v dn dn asn phm vo phc vcuc sng.

6.2 Hnh nh thc tthit kv board mch ng ra.

Hnh 6.1 Bn thit k1 modul ng ra 220VAC trn Capture


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Hnh 6.2 Smch in modul 220VAC vi 6 ng ra

Hnh 6.3 Smch in thit kvi 4 ng ra 220VAC


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Hnh 6.4 Modul ng ra 24VDC thc t

Modul sdng in 24VDC c tch hp thm cc chc nng ca ATMEL89C51 c thddng iu khin thit b, hay c thly thng tn hiu nhntmch pht iu khin m khng thng qua 89C51.

Hnh 6.5 Board 2 lp ca Modul 220VAC (vi 6 ng ra)


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CHNG 7THIT KMU VHP BN NGOI CHO THIT B

7.1 tng thit k

Nhn thy y l mt ti c khnng pht trin v ng dng cao, nn khi thchin ti em dnh thi gian ln bn vv thit kvhp cho thit bmt cchhon chnh c thnhanh chng a sn phm vo sdng thc t. Phn vngoisbao gm 2 thit b:Bvca mch iu khin c kch thc 12 x 15 x 6 (cm), bn trong scha

ng board xl ging ni HM2007, mch pht ATmega 8, bn phm, pin c thitknhhnh bn di. Bvsc thit ktrn cht liu g, m bo mquan chothit bthu pht.

Hnh 7.1 Thit kckh khung vca mch iu khin trn phn mm Unigrafic

Bvca mch ng lc cng c thit kbng gnhm tng tnh mquan vsang trng ca thit bkt hp vi cc loi cm c sn trn th trng honthin sn phm. Khi thc hin ti em chthit kkhung vcho modul 220VAC,v vi cc modul 5VDC hay 24VDC ta khng cn thit phi thit kkhung v khi sdng cc modul ny ngi ta thng gn trc tip trn thit bsdng.


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Hnh 7.2 Thit kckh Modul mch ng lc 220VAC trn phn mmUnigrafic

7.2 Sn phm hon chnh trn phn mm

Hnh 7.3 Sn phm hon chnh trn thit k.


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PHN C

SN PHM


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HTHNG IU KHIN ROBOT SDNG MODUL 24VDC

Hnh B. iu khin robot bng ging ni

Vi 40 tn hiu ging ni c thci t trong thit b. Do robot sciu khin mt cch linh hot v m bo thc hin c mi chc nng nhngi iu khin mong mun. Vi cng nghiu khin thit bbng ging

ni truyn txa ngi iu kin c thra lnh thc thi nhim vi vi robottrong phm vi bn knh 200m, do c thbao qut c qu trnh hot ng.Vi kt cu n gin, gn nh, truyn txa khng cn dy kt ni mra choti nhiu hng pht trin mnh. t bit l cc ng dng iu khin cc thitbv dy chuyn tng ha hin i.


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BIU KHIN THIT B220VAC BNG GING NI TXA

Hnh C. Biu khin ging ni v modul 220VAC


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KHNNG NG DNG THNH QUBC U CA TIKhng chdng li vic truyn ti tn hiu i xa ti cn c thit kthm

cc Modul ng ra thch ng vi nhiu thit biu khin tng. Giy chng ta

chcn kt ni l c thdng ging ni iu khin chng trnh ca mt con chip vixl hot ng in p 5VDC thc thi chng trnh vi modul ng ra 5VDC, cthiu khin cc motor, relay, van kh nn thy lc. sdng 24VDC bng gingni mt ni cch n vi trm mt vi modul ng ra 24VDC. V mt ngy mt misau khi i lm v, bn bc vo cn nh ca mnh, ton bcc thit bin 220VACu lm vic theo nhng g bn ni s lm cho bn cm thy thoi mi khi vnh.Chvi mt biu khin kch thc 8x12 cm trong tay, bn c thiu khin rtnhiu ng dng ca cuc sng. Mt vi ng dng trong giai on u hon thnh cathit b.

+Dng ging ni ngi txa iu khin hthng tay gp phn loi sn phm, thit

biu khin l cc xy lanh kh nn, cc van o chiu mt v hai cun coil, v cccm bin cng nghip. Hthng hot ng n nh nhta iu khin thit btrnPLC Omron CPU 21.

+ iu khin hthng MPS trng i hc LC HNG

+Hthng c kt ni tbphn pht n b phn thu tn hiu v iu khinrobot ti xng robocon hot ng chy v thc thi cc nhim vtheo yu cu gingni ca ngi iu khin.

+Vi ng ra 220VAC, hthng ddng iu khin cc thit bdn dng trongcuc sng gia nh nhqut, n, ni em b, ng mca....

+ Chto cc thit bin an ton (ngi dng khng tip xc gn vi in thcao) nhng vn sdng v ra lnh ng ngt ngun in mt cch ddng.

+ Hthng c thdng trong iu khin cc robot thnh nhng vng nguyhim, m con ngi khng thn c.


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KT LUN KIN NGH

Kt lunSau hn mt nm thc hin th ti iu khin thit bbng ging ni

truyn txa thu c rt nhiu thnh cng. Hthng tuy khng phi ln utin c tm hiu v nghin cu Vit Nam, nhng thnh cng ca mch nhndng v xl ging ni trong ti ny vt xa cc nghin cu khoa hc casinh vin cc trng i hc khc n nh v khnng xl cng nhtnhmquan ca thit b.

ti khng chdng li mc nhn din ging ni, sau xut tn hiung ra, vic thit k, lp trnh ng dng c cc bthu pht txa sdng chipAVR Atmega8 l mt thnh cng kh ln ca ti. Nh dy mt ngi iu

khin c thngi trong phng v iu khin cc thit bm mnh mong mun mkhng phi i bt cng tc, hay cn mng internet phc tp. Khnng thu pht txa c thln ti 300m nhng ni iu kin l tng (khng c vt che khut),i vi mi trng lm vic cng sv i sng th khong cch thu v nhntn hiu gia bphn iu khin v cc modul ng ra l trong phm vi bn knh200m. iu ny gip ti c nhiu im mnh m cc thit bin dn dngkhc khng thc hin c:

- Ngi iu khin ch ngi v ra lnh vi biu khin s dng in p5VDC, trnh cho ngi tiu dng tip xc trc tip vi li in 220VAC, cthgy nguy him cho con ngi khi tip cn vi cm r rin.

- Gim c slng ln dy ni khi cc thit bkhong cch xa.- Mt thit biu khin c thiu khin mt lc nhiu modul ng ra cnglc trong phm vi 40 lnh ging ni c thu vo. y l nt t bit ca ti, trn thc t tnh ton th, mi modul ng ra thit k 6 Jack cm in220VAC, do chcn 1 biu khin sdng chip HM 2007 l c thiukhin tng ng 6 modul ng ra bng sng RF truyn txa.

Nhng kh khn trong qu trnh thc hin ti

Dng ging ni iu khin thit bcn l vn kh mi mVit Namv c rt t thng tin ni vvic cu thnh thit b, do khi tin hnh thc hinti bn thn em tri qua rt nhiu kh khn c thhon thnh thit b.

- IC HM2007 l mt IC chsn xut v c bn ti mt sca hng tiM, vic tm v t hng vi s lng ln l mt kh khn ca ti.Hn 4 thng, tm hiu qua internet v cc mi quan hbn b th em mi cc sn phm HM2007. y l mt giai on kh cn thit thc hin ti, vic ny gip ti c tin hnh tt giai on u v dn i su


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vo cc h thng quan trng ca sn phm. HM2007 l sn phm m rtnhiu sinh vin v dn in tmong mun c c thc hin cc tngto bo ca mnh. Vic a c hm 2007 vVit Nam c thni l mtthnh cng bc u ca ti ni ring, v phc vnhu cu ca nhngngi tiu dng Vit Nam ni chung.

- Cc ti liu v IC HM2007 cn mang tnh gii hn, hu ht cc chcnng phi do mnh tm ti v thnghim c c mt chnh xc cao.Ngay c datasheet ca IC HM2007 down trn mng cng ch l bn nhpc nh my v sa cha bng vit tay bi ngi sn xut ra n. Snguyn l ca IC cng chl skhi ca cc thit b, khng c mt skt ni ctho rt kh thit kboard thnh cng ngay ln u tin. Bnthn em khi thc hin ti cng mt hn 2 thng lm board v thitkthnh board 2 lp hon chnh phc vnhu cu ca ti.

- Tuy nhin, thit k vo hon thnh board x l ging ni ch l thnhcng bc u ca ti. y chl mt trong bn phn cn hon thin ca ti iu khin thit b bng ging ni t xa. y l mt ti lnmang tnh cng ngh, i hi ngi thc hin thng tho v c kin thc tt c cc lnh vc:

+ Khnng sdng thnh tho my tnh v mng internet.+ Khnng giao tip v linh hot trong cuc sng.+ Khnng thit kboard mch 2 lp.+ Khnng sdng phn mm, v lp trnh trn ngn ngC.+ Khnng thit kbn vckh phn vhp

+ Tnh sng to v khnng pht trin tduy to ra sn phm.Trn thc t, y l mt ti c rt nhiu ngi hng n thc

hin, nhng hchdng li mc tm hiu l thuyt hoc hon thnh boardiu khin nhn dng ging ni iu khin cc thit bn gin qua cptn hiu. y ti c pht trin thm biu khin txa, giao tip trnmt sng truyn ring, v cc modul ng ra c thit kdn hon thinsn phm, phc vcho nhiu ng dng trong cuc sng.


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u im, khuyt im cn ci tin ca thit b+ u im:

- Hthng c thiu khin bng ging ni hoc iu khin bng tay nhmt remoteiu khin txa

- Sn phm c thit knhgn, c thmang theo v sdng mi ni.- Thit biu khin sdng pin 9V, c bn phbin trn thtrng. Vi mtpin 9V sn phm c thsdng v hot ng lin tc c trn 2 ting. Vthi gian ch ln ti 8 ting. Hoc c th kt ni ngun trc tip viAdapter.

- Ch cn mt thit biu khin 40 lnh, c th lp trnh v iu khin 6modul ng ra iu khin thit b.

- Biu khin gn nh, thit kmi ngi c th sdng mt cch ddng. (chcn thi gian 5 pht l ngi sdng c tha cc lnh bngging ni ca mnh vo iu khin mt cch ddng).

- Ton b thit bchy trn mch in 2 lp nn khnng hot ng n nhcao.- C thsdng micro khng dy tin li cho vic di chuyn ca ngidng.

- Thit kvvi vn gmang li vsang trng cho thit b, ng thi tngkhnng cch in ca cc thit bvi nhau.

- y l mt sn phm mi, hon ton cha bn trn thtrng Vit Nam.+Khuyt im:- ti c hon thnh v c pht trin thnh mt sn phm hon

chnh, nn vic a sn phm ra thtrng l mt vn thit yu cn thchin, tuy nhin vi khnng ca mt sinh vin nm cui th vic bn sn

phm chdng li vic bn lcc Modul (t bit l bmodul iu khinbng ging ni)- mch iu khin bng ging ni IC nhSRAM 6264 c thbmt dliu

khi mt ngun 5V cp vo (ht pin). Tuy nhin, vic nhp li d liu choSRAM 6264 chmt ca ngi sdng khon 5 pht thit lp li tn hiuging ni ca mnh.

- Tn hiu ging ni a vo khon cch gn, v phm vi hp. Kin ngh

ti iu khin thit bbng ging ni truyn txa sau khi hon thnh

vo thng 11 nm 2009 mra mt hng iu khin thit bmi cho cucsng cng nhtrong sn xut cng nghip. Tuy nhin a c vo phcvnhu cu cuc sng ti cn rt nhiu sci tin vmt kthut cng nhsgip trn nhiu phng din ttrng i hc LC HNG v cc nvc trch nhim.


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DANH MC TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] Ti liu chip AVR v lp trnh C ca tc giL Trung Thng.

[2] Ti liu vIC HM2007 ca sinh vin Nguyn Minh Tr thc hin nm 1998

[3] Phn mm lp trnh CodeVisionAVR Help c pht trin bi PavelHaiduc and HP InfoTech.

[4] Ti liu tham kho vit bo co c dch tdatasheet ting Anh ca thit b(HM 2007, Sram 6264, ATmega 8,) trn trang:

www.alldatasheet.comCc t kha : HM2007, 6264, Atmega8, 74LS373, 74LS47,

Moc3402, BTA06, A1015.

[5] www.google.com , www.wikipedia.orgTkha: iu khin bng ging ni, Voice command

[6] Cc trang web tham kho ti liu.www.diendandientu.comwww.dientuvienthong.netwww.dientuvietnam.netwww.5giay.vn


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PHLC

Hnh nh ci tin board mch chca thit b.

Board mch sn phm c thit k li nhiu ln tng tnh nng sdng vgim kch thc ca sn phm iu khin thit bbng ging ni truyn txa

Chng trnh chnh lp trnh cho biu khin txaChng trnh chnh mch pht tn hiu:

While (1){if (PINB.0==1 && PINB.1==0 && PINB.2==0 && PINB.3==0) //

putchar ( a);

if (PINB.0==0 && PINB.1==1 && PINB.2==0 && PINB.3==0) //putchar ( b);

if (PINB.0==1 && PINB.1==1 && PINB.2==0 && PINB.3==0) //putchar ( c);

if (PINB.0==0 && PINB.1==0 && PINB.2==1 && PINB.3==0) //putchar ( d);

if (PINB.0==1 && PINB.1==0 && PINB.2==1 && PINB.3==0) //putchar ( e);


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if (PINB.0==0 && PINB.1==1 && PINB.2==1 && PINB.3==0) //putchar ( f);

if (PINB.0==1 && PINB.1==1 && PINB.2==1 && PINB.3==0) //putchar ( g);

if (PINB.0==0 && PINB.1==0 && PINB.2==0 && PINB.3==1) //

putchar ( h);if (PINB.0==1 && PINB.1==0 && PINB.2==0 && PINB.3==1) //putchar ( i);

};

Chng trnh chnh mch thu tn hiuWhile (1){

Char ;h = getchar ( ) ;switch 9 (h)

{ case aPORTB = 0 x FE;break;

case bPORTB = 0 x FD;break;

case cPORTB = 0 x FB;break;

case d

PORTB = 0 x F7;break;case e

PORTB = 0 x EF;break;

case fPORTB = 0 x DF;break;

case gPORTB = 0 x FF;break;

case hPORTB = 0 x FF;break;

case iPORTB = 0 x FF;break;

};


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