Diferencia Husserl _ Heidegger

Volume 1 • Issue 5 • 1000119 J Nurs Care ISSN: 2167-1168 JNC, an open access journal Nursing & Care Reiners, J Nurs Care 2012, 1:5 http://dx.do i.org/10.4 172/2167-1168.1000119 Revi ew Art icle Open Access Understanding the Differences between Husserl s (Descriptive) and Heidegger s (Interpretive) Phenomenological Research Gina M. Reiners* University of Saint Joseph, 1678 Asylum Avenue, West Hartford, CT 06117, USA Abstract Phenomenology is one of several qualitative research traditions. Undergraduate and graduate nursing students have sought to understand the differences between Husserl’s descriptive and Heidegger’s interpretive phenomenology. This article is a basic resource for nursing students that describes and i nterprets the differences between the two philosophical phenomenological schools of thought. The origin of phenomenology is presented. A des cript ive and an i nterpr etive artic le from two peer reviewed nursi ng j ournal s a re compa red and contrasted based on their purpose, data collection and data analysis. The selected articles were chosen based on their topic of relevance related to nursing students in educational settings. *Correspondi ng author: Gina M. Reiners, Assistant Professor of Nursing, Uni- versity of Saint Joseph, 1678 Asylum Avenue, West Hartford, CT 06117, USA, Tel: 860-231-2080 (Off) & 203-271-2980 (Res); Fax: 860- 231- 6755; E-mail: [email protected] Received July 10, 2012; Accepted August 25, 2012; Published August 27, 2012 Citation: Reiners GM (2012) Understanding the Differences between Husserl’s (Descriptive) and Heidegger’s (Interpretive) Phenomenological Research. J Nurs Care 1:119. doi: 10.4172/2167-1168.1000119 Copyright: © 2012 Reiners GM. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Keywords: Phenomenology, Research, Qualitative research Introduction Nursing is concerned with delivering quality care and understanding people. In order or nurses to appreciate the depth o their patients, they engage in recognizing and validating the whole person and their unique experiences. Many nurses are interested in conducting phenomenological research, perhaps, because it takes into consideration the values o the individual’s experience and their whole being. Consequently, when nurses consider conducting phenomenological research they need to choose the most appropriate approach, so that the value o their research is not compr omised [1]. Te aim o this article is to present an educational resource or nur sing students, which illustrates the dierences between Husserl (descriptive) and Heidegger (interpretive) phenomenological philosophy through the description o two peer reviewed nursing articles that employ either phenomenological approach in a nursing educational setting. Te two selected articles were based on research topics that would be most relevant or nursing students, which could oster greater understanding o interpretive and descriptive phenomenology. Consequently, will nursing students who use a resource that examines the dierences between Edmund Husserl (descriptive) and Martin Heidegger (interpretive) philosophies o phenomenology increase their understanding o the two phenomenological schools o thought? Tis article is not about original research and will not answer that question, because this article is a guide or nursing research students and any other researcher s who want to better understand the two phenomenological approaches. Te question or this article is: What are the dierences between the philosophical traditions o Husserl and Heidegger? Te origins of phenomenology Te underlying philosophy o phenomeno logical research evolved through protest o the positivist paradigm. Reected in 19th century thought, the principles o positivism postulated that researchers could study reality . Te positivist paradigm asserted that reality was ordered, rational, and logical. Consequently, positivists assumed objectivity measured knowledge and was independent o human interaction. Furthermore, quantitative research negated human subjectivity through strictly controlled collection and data analysis methods. Logically, the ndings o quantitative research were based on the tenets o empiricism and reductionism [2]. Te naturalistic paradigm, the countermovement o the positivist paradigm, presumed that reality was not xed but based on individual and subjective realities. As one would suspect, the philosophy o phenomenology allied closely with the naturalistic paradigm. Phenomenologists assumed that knowledge was achieved through interactions between researchers and participants. Tereore , phenomenological research was considered subjective, inductive, and dynamic. Consequently, participant and researcher engagement has oered researchers an understanding about phenomenon not typically studied [2]. Husserl (descriptive) versus Heidegger (interpretive) phenomenology Phenomenology is an inductive qualitative research tradition rooted in the 20th century philosophical traditions o Edmund Husserl (descriptive) and Martin Heidegger (interpretive). Edmund Husserl (1859-1938), a German mathematician, ounded the philosophical movement o phenomenology. Husserl believed that phenomenology suspended all suppositions, was related to consciousness, and was based on the meaning o the individual’s experience [3]. Te experience o perception, thought, memory, imagination, and emotion, involve what Husserl called “intentionality”, which is one’s directed awareness or consciousness o an object or event. Tus, the critical question or Husserl was: What do we know as persons? Consequently, Husserl developed descriptive phenomenology, where everyday conscious experiences were described while preconceiv ed opinions were set aside or bracketed [4]. Martin Heidegger (1889-1976), Husserl’s student, rejected the theory o knowledge known as epistemology, and adopted ontology, the science o being. Heidegger developed interpretive phenomenology by extending hermeneutics, the philosophy o interpretation [3]. He broadened hermeneutics by studying the concept o being in the world rather than knowing the world. Hermeneutics moves beyond the description or core concepts o the experience and seeks meanings that are embedded in everyday occurrences [5]. Tus, the critical question

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Diferencia Husserl _ Heidegger