Direct & Indirect Speech statements and questions Unit 1 Grammar T: What did you eat this morning? S1: I ate T: What did S1 say, S2? S2: S1 said he/she had eaten direct speech indirect speech She said, China has been using PSAs ( ) to educate people. She said China had been using PSAs to educate people. indirect speech direct speech Whatre the differences between direct speech and indirect speech? Differences direct speech indirect speech To report what exactly has been said The words usually appear in quotation marks To report the meaning of what has been said without using the exact words No quotation marks How to change direct speech into indirect speech? a. Change what has been said to an object clause or an infinitive phrase; b. Change personal pronouns; c. Change tenses; d. Change adverbials of time and place; e. Other cases. He said, I like it very much. He said that he liked it very much. He said to me, Ive left my book in your room. He told me that he had left his book in my room. b. Change personal pronouns: I said to her, I have done my best. I told her that I had done my best. Direct speech Indirect speech Direct speech Indirect speech Simple present Simple future Present continuous Past perfect Simple past Present perfect continuous Present perfect Past continuous Past perfect Future in the past Past perfect con- tinuous c. The changes of the tenses Simple past He said, I lost a key here yesterday. He said that he had lost a key there the day before/the previous day. I read the book here a week ago, Jane said to him. Jane told him that she had read the book there a week before. d. Change adverbials of time and place Direct speech Indirect speech now then today that day/yesterday/on Saturday, etc. tomorrow the next day/the following day/on Tuesday, etc. yesterday the day before/the previous day/on Tuesday, etc. next week the week after/the following week, etc. last year the year before/the previous year, etc. a week ago a week before/a week earlier, etc. Direct speechIndirect speech thisthat thesethose herethere comego bringtake e. Other cases She said, Ill come here again tonight. She said she would go there again that night. He said, I want this. He said that he wanted that. May said to Tom, Ill bring some photos here to you tomorrow. May told Tom she would take some photos there to him the next day. , : 1. The teacher said to the students, Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0 . The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0 . 2. He said to the doctor, I smoke two packs every day. He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day. 3. The teacher said, World War ended in 1945. The teacher said that World War ended in 1945. 4. , must, ought to, used to, had better She said to me, You must hurry up. She said that I must hurry up. 1. She asked me what I was doing. He said, Im going to Beijing. He said that he was going to Beijing. He asked, Are you a teacher? He asked me if /whether I was a teacher. She said, What are you doing? 2. 3. : 1. : I dont like computers, Sarah said to her friends. Sarah said to her friendsthatI dont like computers. tolddidnt she Sarah told her friends that she didnt like computers. 2. : Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil? ( They asked him ) They asked him if It is easy to improve the condition of the soil. it is easy to improve the condition of the soil. askediswas They asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil. Tom said (that) there wasnt any trouble and that he was waiting for his change. : , that, Tom said, There isnt any trouble and Im waiting for my change ( ). 3. When do you harvest the wheat? ( They asked him ) They asked him when you harvest the wheat you harvest the wheat. he harvested They asked him when he harvested the wheat. harvested ( ) ( ) Jane said, Im very fond of traveling. Is this your umbrella, Mary? asked John. that Jane said that she was very fond of traveling. whether / if John asked Mary if that was her umbrella. ( ) ( ) Mary, when will you return me the book? asked John. The officer said to him, Dont leave your post. wh- John asked Mary when she would return him the book. The officer ordered him not to leave his post. ( ) ( ) Lets I said to him, Lets start at once. He said: How happy I am! that I suggested to him that we (should) start at once. that / what / how He said that he was very happy. He said how happy he was. , , ( ) ( ) She often says, All men and women are equal under the law. She often says that all men and women are equal under the law. ( ) ( ) : : I know it, he said. He said that he knew it. ( ) ( ) : : Im making coffee for you all, she said. She said she was making coffee for us all. ( ) ( ) : : I have seen her before, said he. He said he had seen her before. ( ) ( ) : : He said, I have been doing it for hours. He said he had been doing it for hours. ( ) ( ) : : I saw her last Monday, he said. He said he had seen her the previous Monday. ( ) ( ) : : I was waiting for Jim, she said. She said she had been waiting for Jim. ( ) ( ) : : Do you know Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died? Jack asked. Jack asked if I knew Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died. ( ) ( ) : : He said, We shall start tomorrow. He said they would start the next day. 1. Jack said to me, You look worried today. Jack told me that ___ worried ___. A. he lookstoday B. you looktoday C. we lookedthat day D. I lookedthat day 2. We said to her, Theyre walking through the street now. We told her that ___ through the street ___. A. we were walkingthen B. you are walkingnow C.they were walkingthen D. they walkingnow 3. Mr Black said, I have walked a long way this week. Mr Black said that __ a long way __. A. I had walkedlast week B. he had walkedthat week C. I walkedlast week D. he has walkedthis week 4. The man thought, I shall take it back tomorrow. The man thought that __ take it back ____. A. I shalltomorrow B. I shallthe next day C. he shouldtomorrow D. he would the next day 5. They said to us, Are you afraid to leave this house ? They asked us ____ afraid to leave _____ house. A. that were wethis B. that we werethat C. if were we this D. if we werethat 6. Jane said, What did he hear about a week ago? Jane asked ____ about _____. A. that he hearda week ago B. what he had hearda week before C. what he had herd a week ago D. if he hearda week ago 7. She asked, Whose house will he break into next time ? She asked whose house ____ break into _____. A. will henext time B. would hethe next time C. he wouldthe next time D. he willnext time 8. Jack said to her, Where do you spend your holidays? Jack asked her where ____ holidays. A. she spent her B. you spend your C. she spend her D. you spent your 9. Black asked me, Why havent you left here yet? Black asked me why ____ yet. A. I hadnt left there B. I havent left here C. hadnt I left there D. havent I left here 10. The teacher asked her, Does the sun rise in the east? The teacher asked her ___ the sun ___ in the east. A. ifrise B. ifrises C. whetherrose D. whether did rise 1. Alice said, I've just got a letter from my father. Alice said that ___ ____ just got a letter from ____ father. 2. Jane asked Dick, Have you finished writing the report? Jane asked Dick __________ __ ____ ________ writing the report. she her had whether/if he finished had 3. Dont grow plants in the same place year after year,the farmer said. The farmer _____ me ___ __ _____ plants in the same place year after year. 4. Mr. Smith said to the girl, I will come here to see you next Sunday. Mr. Smith ____ the girl that ___ _____ ___ there to see ___ ____ _____ Sunday. told not to grow told he would goher the next 1. He told me that a friend in need is a friend indeed. He ____ ___ me, A friend in need ___ a friend indeed. 2. He said that he liked the film very much. He said, ___ _____ the film very much. said is to Ilike 3. She said that she had received a letter two days before. She said, ___ _______ a letter ____ _____ ____. 4. He asked me whether I liked black tea or green tea. He asked me, ____ ____ _____ black tea or green tea? I two days ago Do you like received 1. Im leaving for London next week, my sister said to me. 2. John said, Mr. Smith has come here. 3. She said, Do you want me to help you? John said that Mr. Smith had gone there. My sister told me that she was leaving for London the next week. She asked whether I wanted her to help me. 4. Did the man in the shop understand him at last? she said. 5. How many people are there in your family? he asked the boy. 6. Dont worry, the mother said to the children. She asked whether the man in the shop understood him at last. He asked the boy how many people there were in his family. The mother told the children not to worry.