-
大分大学教育福祉科学部研究紀要（Res. Bull. Fac. Educ.＆Welf. Sci., Oita
Univ.）
89
イギリス領アメリカ植民地における奴隷制と
イングランド国教会 ―海外福音伝道協会年次記念大会の説教を中心に―
青 柳 か お り＊
【要 旨】 18
世紀初頭からイングランド国教会は海外福音伝道協会(SPG)を設立して，イギリス領アメリカ植民地の異教徒へ布教活動を行っていた。国教会はアフリカ系奴隷にキリスト教教育を行い改宗させようとして
いたが，奴隷の主人たちからの反対が大きかった。奴隷がキリスト教徒にな
ると自由になり，財産権が侵害されると考えられていたのである。18
世紀のイギリスでは奴隷制は当然とみなされ，奴隷貿易も盛んに行われており，
SPG
や国教会も奴隷制を支持していた。しかし，非人道的な奴隷貿易・奴隷制に対してはクエーカーなど非国教徒系教会が反対しており，18
世紀終わりに奴隷貿易廃止運動も起きた。従来，奴隷貿易廃止に関する研究においては
非国教徒や廃止運動に関わった政治家などが注目されており，国教会は見過
ごされてきた。しかし，18
世紀後半に国教会の高位聖職者である主教の中には，奴隷貿易・奴隷制の緩和や廃止を希望する者もいたのである。本研究で
は，海外福音伝道協会年次記念大会の説教を中心に，そのような主教の主張
を検討し，奴隷制についての国教会の思想に変化がみられたことを明らかに
する。 【キーワード】 奴隷制 奴隷貿易 イングランド国教会 海外福音伝道
協会
はじめに
1701 年 6
月，イギリス領アメリカ植民地の異教徒にキリスト教を布教するため，イングランド国教会によって海外福音伝道協会(the Society
for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, 以下，SPG
と略記)が設立された。これは，イングランド国教会による初めての公式な布教団体で，国王ウィリアム三世(William
III)の勅許状を得ていた。設立の中心人物は，国教会聖職者でメリーランド主教代理を務めたことのあるトマス・ブレイ(Thomas
Bray)であった。
平成 26 年 10 月 31 日受理 ＊あおやぎ・かおり 大分大学教育福祉科学部情報国際教育講座（西洋史）
89
-
90
171) (Henry
Compton) 1696 2)
3) 1699 123
4)
5) 17
Dissenter(Episcopal Church)
SPG
6) SPG
SPG
18
1807 183318
(William Wilberforce)(John Wesley) (Granville Sharp)
(Thomas Clarkson)
7) SPG 18
SPG 8)SPG 1702 2
SPG9)
90
-
91
I
(1) SPG
SPG1734 (Isaac Maddox)
10) 18 SPG(Beilby Porteus) 11)
40
SPG SPG
1729 (Edmund Gibson)
12)
13)
(2)
14) 17
15)
91
-
92
16)
(Richard Ligon) 1673
[ ]17)
SPG 1710 SPG
(Christopher Codrington) 800 30018) 1702
2
300 (professor) (scholar)19)
SPG 20)50 1760
450SPG
1732SPG S-O-C-I-E-T-Y
1760 SPG(Thomas
Secker) 21) SPG
18 (William Knox) 1768
178922)
92
-
93
II
(1)
SPG
28 1916 15 SPG
23) 1711
(William Fleetwood)
SPG24)
SPG
1714 (George Stanhope)25)
1729
93
-
94
26) (Philip Bearcroft)
27)
17 265 15
(David Humphreys)(Anthony Hill)
28)
(2) SPG SPG
(George Berkeley)
29) SPG (Dr. Daniel Burton)SPG
(Anthony Benezet) 1767 4 261768 2 6 SPG
SPG
30)
94
-
95
SPG
1706 (John Williams)
31) 32)
SPG
33)
34)
95
-
96
III
(1)
SPG 18SPG
1766 (William Warburton) 1783 (Beilby Porteus) 1789 (Samuel
Hallifax) 1793 (John Douglas) 1797 - (Charles Manner-Sutton)
176635)
SPG
SPG
36) 1788 SPG
96
-
97
37)
38)
39) 1769 (Thomas
Newton)40) 11 29
(2) 1783
41)
42
97
-
98
43)
44)
(3) 18
SPG 1784
1789
6 1 2 9 10 6 6 745)
[7 20 24 ]
[ ]
98
-
99
1793
46) [ ]
1797
47)
SPG18
SPG
99
-
100
SPG18
SPG
1766SPG
18
18 19
18SPG
1) 1844 2007 48
2) C. F. Pascoe ed., Two Hundred Years of the S. P. G.: An
Historical Account of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel
in Foreign Parts, 1701-1900 (London: Society’s Office, 1901),
4.
3) 18 64 200818 165 ;H. P. Thompson, Thomas Bray
(London: S. P. C. K., 1954), 15, 16. 4) 18 166 ; Thompson,
44-46, 57, 58. 5) 18 166 ; Thompson,57, 58. 6) 18 163 ; 18
37 201415 SPG
2004 363 ;J. R. H. 1991 386
7) 18 Christopher Leslie Brown, Moral Capital: Foundations of
British Abolitionism (Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina Press,
2006)
8)A Sermon Preached before the Incorporated Society for the
Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts at Their Anniversary
Meeting… (London, 1702-1800) SPG Sermon
.
100
-
101
9) DavidHumphreys,An Historical Account of the Incorporated
Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts…
(London, 1730), 248.
10) Isaac Maddox, SPG Sermon (1734), 25-26. 11) Beilby Porteus,
SPG Sermon (1783), 8-10. 12) Edmund Gibson,Two Letters of the Lord
Bishop of London: The First, to the Masters and
Mistresses of Families in the English Plantations Abroad;
Exhorting Them to Encourage and Promote the Instruction of Their
Negroes in the Christian Faith. The Second, to the Missionaries
There … (London,1729), 13-18.
13) Humphreys, 235; Anthony Hill,After Baptizatus: or the Negro
Turn’d Christian being a Short and Plain Discourse, Shewing I. The
Necessity of Instructing and Baptizing Slaves in English
Plantation. II. The Folly of that Vulgar Opinion, that Slaves Do
Cease to be Slaves when Once Baptized… (London,1702), 28; Robert
Robertson, A Letter to the Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of
London, from an Inhabitant of His Majesty’s Leeward Caribbee
Island… (London,1730), 11.
14) Gibson, 18-21. 15) Hill, 28; George Berkeley, SPG Sermon
(1732), 19; Herbert S.Klein, “Anglicanism,
Catholicism and the Negro Slave,” Comparative Studies in Society
and History, vol. 8, no. 3 (1966):318-319; Rena Vassar, “William
Knox's Defense of Slavery (1768),”Proceedings of the American
Philosophical Society, vol. 114, no. 4 (1970):311.
16) Klein, 318-319. 17) Richard Ligon, A True & Exact
History of the Island of Barbadoes… (London,1673), 50. 18) Vassar,
313. 19) Vincent T. Harlow, Christopher Codrington 1668-1710
(London:
Hurst & Company, 1928), 216-220 20) Vassar, 312. 21) Vassar,
313. 22) William Knox, Three Tracts Respecting the Conversion and
Instruction of the Free Indians
and Negroe Salves in the Colonies, Addressed to the Venerable
Society for Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts in the Year
1768, new ed. (London,1789), 14, 15.
23) Thomas Secker, SPG Sermon (1741), 7-9; Porteus,SPG Sermon
(1783), 11-13. 24) William Fleetwood,SPG Sermon (1711), 18. 25)
George Stanhope, SPG Sermon (1714), 16-17. 26) Gibson, 25. 27)
Philip Bearcroft, A Sermon Preached before the Honorable Trustees
for Establishing the
Colony of Georgia in America and the Associates of the Late
Reverend Dr. Bray at Their Anniversary Meeting March 16, 1737-38…
(London, 1738), 19.
28) Humphreys, 235; Hill, 25. 29) George Berkeley, A Proposal
for the Better Supplying of Churches in Our Foreign
Plantations, and for Converting the Savage Americans to
Christianity, by a College to be Erected in the Summer Islands,
otherwise Called the Isles of Bermuda, 2nd ed. (London, 1725),
5.
30) Knox, 26-28. 31) John Williams, SPG Sermon (1706), 20-21.
32) William Fleetwood, SPG Sermon (1711), 20-21. 33) Samuel
Bradford, SPG Sermon (1720), 37; Richard Smalbroke, SPG Sermon
(1733), 38;
Martin Benson,SPG Sermon (1740), 19; Thomas Secker,SPG Sermon
(1741), 22; Thomas Newton, SPG Sermon (1769), 27; Hill, 30-32, 39,
45.
101
-
102
34) Gibson, 21-22. 35) William Warburton, SPG Sermon (1766),
26-29. 36) Vassar, 313. 37) William Warburton, The Works of the
Right Reverend William Warburton, vol. 5 (London,
1788), 333, 334. 38) “Yet nothing is more certain in itself, and
apparent to all, than that the infamous traffic for
Slaves, directly infringes both divine and human Law. Nature
created Man, free: and Grace invites him to assert his
freedom.”
39) Vassar, 314. 40) Thomas Newton, SPG Sermon (1769), 27. 41)
Porteus, SPG Sermon (1783), 6-7. 42) Porteus, SPG Sermon (1783),
11. 43) Porteus, SPG Sermon (1783), 31-32. 44) Porteus, SPG Sermon
(1783), 33-34. 45) Samuel Hallifax, SPG Sermon (1789), 30-34. 46)
John Douglas, SPG Sermon (1793), 21. 47) Charles Manner-Sutton, SPG
Sermon (1797), 16-17.
25 28 (C) 25370866 2528 (A) 25244035 25
102
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103
Slavery in British America and the Church of England Sermons
Preached beforethe Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in
Foreign Parts at Their Anniversary Meeting
AOYAGI, Kaori
Abstract
The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts,
the SPG was established in 1701 in order to send the missionaries
converting the American heathen. The Missionaries tried to instruct
the black slaves in the plantations, however, their masters were
against the SPG. It was believed that the slaves could not be
converted because they were stupid and without souls to be saved.
The planters thought that the slaves were their property and feared
that the baptism would make the slaves free. The SPG insisted that
baptism did not make any alteration in civil property and that
after being Christians, the slaves would be more obedient to their
masters. During the eighteenth century there were some SPG sermons
which defensed the slavery for it was not prohibited in the Bible.
Although the Church of England supported the slavery and the
masters' property, some Anglican clergy criticized the slave trade
and the slavery. It seems that a change was observed in the
Anglican thought on slaveryin the later eighteenth century.
Key words Slavery, Slave Trade, the Church of England, the
Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts
103
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104
