Division of Applied Physics‚ーワード Key Words X-ray diffraction, neutron scattering, space-time pair-correlation function, diffractometry and spectroscopy, structure and dynamics

$Page 1: Division of Applied Physics‚ーワード Key Words X-ray diffraction, neutron scattering, space-time pair-correlation function, diffractometry and spectroscopy, structure and dynamics$
Division of Applied Physics

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38020 Physics of Condensed Matter H Akera 2 4 ＊＊

38021 Advanced Physics and Technology of Materials O B Wright 2 2 ＊＊

38006 Diffraction Physics H Takakura 2 4 ＊＊

38022 Biophysics K Gohara 2 4 ＊＊

38023 Soft Matter Physics T Hiraoki 2 2 ＊＊

38012 Nonlinear Optics R Morita 2 2 ＊＊

38024 Laser Spectroscopy S Adachi 2 2 ＊＊

38015 Optical Science N Baba 2 5 ＊＊

38019 Phonon Physics S Mizuno 2 2 ＊＊

38018 Semiconductor Quantum Informatics S Muto 2 5 ＊＊

38025 Optical Properties of Materials Y Toda 2 4 ＊＊

38081 Special Lecture in Applied PhysicsⅠ 2

38082 Special Lecture in Applied PhysicsⅡ 2

Advanced Exercise in Applied Physics Supervisor 10

Advanced Study in Applied Physics Supervisor 2

Special Lectures on EngineeringⅠ [1]

Special Lectures on EngineeringⅡ [2]

Level: 1-fundamental, 2-advanced, 3-applied, 4-fundamental&advanced, 5-fundamental&applied, 6-advanced&applied

科目名 Course Title Physics of Condensed Matter（凝縮系物理工学E） [Physics of Condensed Matter]

講義題目 Subtitle

責任教員 Instructor 明楽浩史 [Hiroshi AKERA] (大学院工学研究院)

担当教員 Other Instructors

開講年度 Year 2014 時間割番号Course Number 092467

開講学期 Semester １学期単位数 Number of Credits 2

授業形態 Type of Class 講義対象年次 Year of Eligible Students 1～1

言語コード・言語 Language Code, Language

Type

2 日本語及び英語のバイリンガル授業、受講者決定後に使用言語（日本語又は

英語）を決定する授業

補足事項 Other Information

キーワード Key Words

electron transport phenomena, electrical conductivity, conductance, the Hall effect, the Boltzmann equation, impurity scattering

授業の目標 Course Objectives

Electrons inside a transistor in a computer play a major role in the information processing. Electrons flow by action of the electric field and also

of the temperature gradient. This lecture gives an introductory course on the theory of such electron transport. The lecture mainly discusses

the electron transport in the macroscopic conductor, but also covers that in the microscopic conductor, in which each electron exhibits the

wave character.

到達目標 Course Goals

The goal of this course is to acquire the method to calculate the electrical conductivity of the macroscopic conductor and the conductance of

the microscopic conductor on the basis of understanding the fundamentals of the electron transport.

授業計画 Course Schedule

1. Electron devices and the electron transport (1 class)

2. Drude theory and the average velocity (3 classes)

the electrical conductivity, the Hall effect and the magnetoresistance, AC conduction

3. Momentum relaxation and quantum mechanics (2 classes)

4. Electrical conduction (4 classes)

5. Wave character of electron and the conductance quantization (2 classes)

準備学習（予習・復習）等の内容と分量 Homework

Review each lesson, in particular, the process of deriving each mathematical formula.

成績評価の基準と方法 Grading System

Graded by two or three reporting assignments to evaluate the attainment.

テキスト・教科書 Textbooks

A book of reference is N.W. Ashcroft, N.D. Mermin: Solid State Physics.

講義指定図書 Reading List

参照ホームページ Websites

研究室のホームページ Website of Laboratory

備考 Additional Information

Understanding quantum mechanics and solid state physics at the undergraduate level is required.

科目名 Course Title Advanced Physics and Technology of Materials（先端系物性工学E） [Advanced Physics and Technology

of Materials]


責任教員 Instructor ＷＲＩＧＨＴＯＬＩＶＥＲ [Wright Oliver Bernard] (大学院工学研究院)



開講学期 Semester ２学期単位数 Number of Credits 2



Type



tensors, crystals, symmetry, physical properties


This course is aimed at achieving an understanding of the physical properties of crystals. Crystals are governed by physical constants that form

arrays called tensors. This course will provide the attendee with the following essential tools that can be applied to measurements on crystals

or polycrystals, measurements that arise in almost all research fields in applied physics:

(1) Definition and examples of tensors, and how they change under crystal rotation

(2) Introduction to crystal structure and symmetry



- Definition of tensors, including examples based on the tensor of electrical polarizability.

- Examples of tensors from different fields

- Transformation and symmetry of tensors

- Representation quadric, magnitude ellipsoid, principal axes

- Mohr’s circle

- Crystal symmetry and types of symmetries

- Symmetry operations and basic group theory, symmetry of lattices and crystal classification, effect of crystal symmetry on properties

represented by 2nd rank tensors



Homework will be set at selected times during the course.


Physical Properties of Crystals, J. F. Nye, Oxford University Press

Acoustic Fields and Waves in Solids, B. A. Auld, Wiley, Vols. 1 and 2

The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Vol. 2, Addison Wesley





Attendees should preferably have a degree in engineering, physics, chemistry or biology or a related subject, and have a sound knowledge of

mathematics

科目名 Course Title Diffraction Physics（回折物理学E） [Diffraction Physics]


責任教員 Instructor 髙倉洋礼 [Hiroyuki TAKAKURA] (大学院工学研究院)






Type




キーワード Key Words X-ray diffraction, neutron scattering, space-time pair-correlation function, diffractometry and spectroscopy,

structure and dynamics of materials, crystal structures, symmetry, space groups.

授業の目標 Course Objectives The aim of this course is to provide theoretical knowledge of diffraction from condensed matter (solid, liquid

and gas). The main focus will be on X-ray diffraction and neutron scattering from crystals. This course will provide the attendee with the

following essential understandings that will be essential if one wish to understand the structure and dynamics of materials:(1) Diffraction from

condensed matter, (2) Structural evaluation of condensed matter, (3) Symmetry of condensed matter.

到達目標 Course Goals The goal of this course is to get a basic understanding of how x-rays and neutron scattering techniques enable the

structure and dynamics of materials to be studied at the atomic and molecular level.


1. Introduction (1)

1-1. X-rays, neutrons, and electrons - basic properties

2. Structure and symmetry of crystals (2)

2-1. symmetry of matter, point groups, space groups

2-2. use of International Tables A

3. Diffraction from crystals (5)

3-1. crystal structure factors

3-2. diffraction geometry

3-3. reciprocal lattice space

3-4. powder method, Laue method, single crystal method

4. Diffraction theory (5)

4-1. scattering from a single atom

4-2. scattering cross-sections

4-3. elastic scattering, inelastic scattering

4-4. coherent scattering, incoherent scattering

4-5. space-time pair-correlation function

5. Other topics (2)

5-1. crystal structure determination, phase transitions, magnetic scattering etc.


Study with handout in advance for the next lesson is necessary.


Based on attendance (20%), reports(30%) and final exam or report(50%).


Handout is distributed and references are indicated in the handout.


Elementary Scattering Theory: For X-ray and Neutron Users／D. S. Sivia：Oxford University Press，2011

Space groups for Solid State Scientists (Second Edition)／Gerald Burns and A. M. Glazer：Academic Press，1990

Elements of Modern X-ray Physics (Second Edition)／J. Als-Nielsen and D. McMorrow：Wiley，2012

Introduction to the theory of Thermal Neutron Scattering／G. L. Squires：Cambridge University Press，2012


Pre-requisite:applied mathematics, quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics and solid state physics

科目名 Course Title Biophysics（生物物理工学E） [Biophysics]


責任教員 Instructor 郷原一壽 [Kazutoshi GOHARA] (大学院工学研究院)

担当教員 Other Instructors 内田努(工学研究院)





Type


キーワード Key Words H2O Molecule, Hydrogen Bonding, Water, Ice, Clathrate Hydrate, Dynamical Systems, Nonlinear Dynamics,

Chaos, Fractal


This course includes the following two subjects.

Water Science:

The aim of this subject is to understand the complexity of H2O molecule and the role of water playing in the living matter based on the study

on the physical properties of H2O molecule, water, ice and clathrate hydrate.

Dynamical Systems:

The aim of this subject is to provide an introduction to the theory of dynamical systems. The theory is used for modeling in various fields,

including physics and biology. In particular, Chaos is focused on its origin and specific properties.


The goal of this course is to learn how to apply one’s knowledge for understanding the physical properties of one material, such as H2O, and

also to understand the basic concept of dynamical systems and the potential usage for many applications.


Water:

1. Structure of H2O Molecule

2. Various Structures of Solid State H2O

3. Properties of Liquid Water and Aqueous Solutions

Dynamical Systems:

1. Introduction to Dynamical Systems

2. Linear and Nonlinear Systems

3. Chaos and Fractal


In each unit, attendees make a report (or short presentation) to measure the learning achievement.


30%: Class participation 40%: Assignments 30%: Presentation



The Structure And Properties of Water／W. Kauzmann & D. Eisenberg：Oxford University Press，2005

The Chemical Physics of Ice／N. H. Fletcher：Cambridge University Press，2009

Clathrate Hydrates of Natural Gases 3rd Ed.／E.D. Sloan & C.A. Koh：CRC Press，2008

Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos／J.M.T. Thompson & H.B. Stewart：John Wiley & Sons，1986

An Experimental Approach to Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos／N.B. Tufillaro, T.Abbott, J. Reilly：Addison-Wesley Publishing Company，

1992

Introduction to Applied Nonlinear Dynamical Systems and Chaos／S. Wiggins：Springer，2003


研究室のホームページ Website of Laboratory http://labs.eng.hokudai.ac.jp/labo/BioPhysics/

http://labs.eng.hokudai.ac.jp/labo/BioPhysics/


科目名 Course Title Soft Matter Physics（ソフトマター工学E） [Soft Matter Physics]


責任教員 Instructor 平沖敏文 [Toshifumi HIRAOKI] (大学院工学研究院)






Type





spin、NMR、Fouier transform、pulse、spectrum、relaxation、density matrix、coherence、magnetic interaction、MRI


The aim of this course is to provide the fundamental principles and concepts in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR) needed for an understanding

of the subject.


NMR is a resonance method as a probe with nuclear spins applicable to a multi-disciplinary field to determine molecular structures and molecular

dynamics. After reviewing the several essential principles and the product operator formalism, recent developments of solid-state NMR and

NMR imaging(MRI) will be presented.


１．Basics of NMR（2 times）

magnetic moment and angular moment, Bloch equation and relaxation、rotating frame、pulse、 radio frequency filed, FT-NMR

２．Quantum mechanical picture of nuclear spin and density matrix（4 times）

operator and eigen value、density matrix、time evolution

３．Product operatoe（3 times）

two-spin system、spin-echo、multiple-quatum transition、polarization transfer、coherence、two-dimensional NMR

４．Nuclear spin interaction（3 times）

Zeeman interaction、dipolar interaction、chemical shift interaction、spin-spin interaction、

quadrupolar interaction、nucleus-electron interaction

５．Solid-state NMR（2 times）

magic angle spinning、multiple pulses、double resonance and decoupling、cross-polarization

６．Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)（1 time ）

magnetic field gradient、fMRI


Handout is distributed and references are indicated in the handout. Other good references are listed below. Home works will be presented

in each step.


Based on results of home works during the course and final examination.


Handout is distributed and references are indicated in the handout.


Spin Dynammics／M. H. Levitt：John Wiley & Sons，2008

Understanding NMR spectroscopy／J. Keeler：Wiley，2010

NMR ハンドブック／R. Freeman：共立出版，1992

NMR 実験法／黒田義弘：広川書店，1991

有機化学のための高分解能NMR テクニック／T. D. W. クラリッジ：講談社サイエイティフィック，2004




科目名 Course Title Nonlinear Optics（非線形光学E） [Nonlinear Optics]


責任教員 Instructor 森田隆二 [Ryuji MORITA] (大学院工学研究院)




授業形態 Type of Class 講義対象年次 Year of Eligible Students ～


Type





nonlinear polarization, nonlinear wave equation, interaction between light and matter, response and dispersion


Nonlinear optical phenomena have been intensively studied since the invention of LASER (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of

Radiation) in 1960. They originate in the strong interaction between light and matter and are employed for many applications. This course

outlines from the fundamental to up-to-date topics using electromagnetism and quantum mechanics.


To understand physics of nonlinear optical phenomena through Maxwell's, Liouville equations and other related equations.


(1) Response, relaxation and dispersion [2 lectures]

(2) Nonlinear wave equation [2 lectures]

(3) Nonlinear polarization and nonlinear susceptibility [2 lectures]

(4) Nonlinear optical phenomena [3 lectures]

(5) Crystal optics [1 lecture]

(6) Transient nonlinear optical phenomena [2 lectures]

(7) Up-to-date topics in nonlinear optics [2 lectures]


At least 3-4 hours per week (two times as lecture hours) is necessary.


20%: class participation, 40%: assignments (3-4 assignments), 40%: final report






Pre-requisite：Mathematics, Electromagnetism and Quantum mechanics

科目名 Course Title Laser Spectroscopy（レーザー分光E） [Laser Spectroscopy]


責任教員 Instructor 足立智 [Satoru ADACHI] (大学院工学研究院)






Type





Laser, Quantum Optics, Light-Matter Interaction, Solid-State Photo-Physics, Spin


The aim of this class is to gain fundamental concept of the light-matter interaction in atoms, molecules, and semiconductors. Particularly,

detection of the electron spin and the analysis of the data are learned with many practical examples in published papers．


To master basic concept and knowledge of the laser spectroscopy in atoms and solids.


１. Introduction of the study on single spin in solids (1)： in order to motivate the learning of the laser spectroscopy, the cutting-edge study is

introduced．

２. What is spin?（4）： Concept of the electron and hole spins are explained with reviewing the quantum mechanics and laser．

３. Basics of band structure and strain effect（2）: Band structure of semiconductors are understood.

４. Transition probability and transition selection rules（1）:

５. Light polarization and its control（1） : To consider light polarization and its control by using Poincare sphere.

６. Light polarization and spin（2）: To learn the connection between polarization and spin by using Poincare and Bloch spheres.

７. Spin relaxation and spin decoherence（3）：To understand the concepts and the detection techniques with practical studies.


2-hour review in each class is required and homework to solve problems is assigned several times during the course.


Final examination (50 %) and homework assignment (50 %).


Handout is prepared instead of a textbook in this course．


Optical resonance and two level atoms／L Allen and J. H. Eberly：Dover Publications;，1987

レーザー物理入門／霜田光一：岩波書店，1983

Manipulating quantum structures using laser pulses／B. W. Shore：Cambridge University Press，2011



http://labs.eng.hokudai.ac.jp/labo/ultrafast/Adachi/toppage.html


Knowledge of quantum mechanics, electromagnetism, photophysics in undergraduate level are required．

科目名 Course Title Optical Science（光科学E） [Optical Science]


責任教員 Instructor 馬場直志 [Naoshi BABA] (大学院工学研究院)






Type

1 英語で行う授業



optics, light, photon, photonics, theory of relativity, geometrical optics, interference, interferometer, diffraction, optical information processing


The aim of this course is to reinforce basic knowledge of light and to learn classical and modern optics. The nature of light is discussed from

the points of electromagnetic wave and photon. The keen relevance of light to the Einstein’s relative theory is explained. Several aspects of

astrophotonics are also treated. The latter half of this course is devoted to reviews of basic optics such as geometrical optics, interference,

diffraction, and so on. Introductory explanation about information optics is briefly presented.

到達目標 Course Goals The students can understand the principle of optics and the modern aspects of optics. They can apply their optical

knowledge to practical measurement.


(1) Nature of light (3 weeks)

Electromagnetic wave, photon, photoelectric effect, Compton

scattering, blackbody radiation

(2) Light and theory of relativity (4 weeks)

Maxwell’s equation, Galilei transformation, Lorentz

transformation, redshift, gravitational lens, black hole

(3) Light wave (1 week)

Wave equation, Helmholtz equation, plane wave

(4) Reflection and refraction (1 week)

Reflection and transmission of light at an interface, total

reflection, metamaterial, near-field optics

(5) Geometrical optics (1 week)

Eikonal equation, lens, principal points, aberration

(6) Interference (1 week)

Two-beam interference, multi-beam interference, interference

spectroscopy

(7) Interferometer (1 week)

Michelson’s interferometer, Mach-Zehnder interferometer,

coherence, stellar interferometer

(8) Diffraction (1 week)

Fresnel diffraction, Fraunhofer diffraction, diffraction-

limited resolution, grating

(9) Information optics (1 week)

Spatial frequency, Fourier spectrum, optical transfer

function, filtering, Wiener filter

準備学習（予習・復習）等の内容と分量 Homework Preparation: more than one hour Review: more than a half hour

成績評価の基準と方法 Grading System 50%: examination given at each lecture 50%: final examination



Optics／Eugene Hecht：Pearson Education, Inc.，2003

Introduction to Fourier Optics／J. W. Goodman：McGraw-Hill，2006

科目名 Course Title Phonon Physics（フォノン物性E） [Phonon Physics]


責任教員 Instructor 水野誠司 [Seiji MIZUNO] (大学院工学研究院)

科目種別 Course Type





Type



lattice dynamics, phonon, phononic crystal, localized mode, phase time, acoustic Poynting vector


The aim of the course is to provide basic knowledge and mathematical methods necessary to understand the properties of phonons.


The aim of the course is to provide basic knowledge and mathematical methods necessary to understand the properties of phonons. As practical

applications, the properties of phonons in “phononic” crystals (PCs) are reviewed with particular emphasis on the resonant interaction of a

variety of localized vibrational modes with acoustic phonons injected to PCs with inhomogeneity, for example a free surface, a defect layer and

an interface between the PC and substrate (or detector).


1. Phonon dispersion relations: Acoustic and optical modes (2 lessons)

2. Impurity-localized modes, Surface-localized modes and Wallis modes (2 lessons)

3. Continuum model: Displacement, Stress, Acoustic Poynting vector (2 lessons)

4. Phonons in the one-dimensional phononic crystal: Transfer matrix method; Bragg reflection and tunneling effect (3 lessons)

5. Resonant interaction with localized modes (2 lessons)

6. Phase time and time delay (2 lessons)

7. Bragg reflection with mode conversion (2 lessons)


Two hours review for one lecture


based on final exam (50%) and report (50%)


Handout made by the course instructor will be delivered.





科目名 Course Title Semiconductor Quantum Informatics（半導体量子情報E） [Semiconductor Quantum Informatics]


責任教員 Instructor 武藤俊一 [Shunichi MUTOH] (大学院工学研究院)






Type



quantum information, quantum mechanics, semiconductor, nano-structures, quantum dots


There is a growing interest in quantum information processing, in which semiconductor nano-structures represented by quantum dots are the

candidates for the practical applications. We first review the semiconductor nano-structures where quantum mechanics is the physics

characterizing essential properties. A special emphasis is on the presentation by students on introduction and explanation of related scientific

papers.


The final goal of this course is to understand the basic physics for quantum information processing and the potential use of semiconductor

nano-structures for its realization.


Introduction

Quantum physics in semiconductors

Schrodinger equation of electron envelope function

Size quantization

Tunneling phenomena

Self-assembled dots by Stranski-Krastanow mode

Wavepacket contraction for quantum cryptography

EPR paradox and quantum teleportation for quantum repeaters

Quantum computing

Coherent control of single electron spins

Quantum computing using electron spins in quantum dots

Semiconductor spintronics

THE HIGHLIGHS: Introduction and explanation of related scientific papers by students


30-60 min. for homework


20%: class participation, 40%: assignments (3 assignments are required during the term), 40%: presentation



Explorations in Quantum Computing／C. P. Williams, S. H. Clearwater：Springer, NY，1998

Quantum Computaion and Quantum Information／M.A. Nielsen, I.L. Chuang：Cambridge University，2010




undergraduate-level quantum mechanics and elementary solid state physics are needed to understand this lecture

科目名 Course Title Optical Properties of Materials（光物性E） [Optical Properties of Materials]


責任教員 Instructor 戸田泰則 [Yasunori TODA] (大学院工学研究院)






Type





Optical propagation in solids, Light-matter interactions in solids, Semiconductor physics, Quantum phenomena of light matter interaction


The aim of this class is to gain fundamental concept of the light-matter interactions in solids, especially in semiconductors. Topics include

classical and quantum phenomena of light matter interaction. Advanced topics of interest for leading-edge technology will also be lectured.

到達目標 Course Goals To master basic and advanced concepts of the light-matter interactions in solids.


１. Fundamentals of Optical Physics in Materials(4)

Wave Optics

Electromagnetic Radiation

Polarization

Reflection and Transmission

Dispersion of Light

２. Optical Response of Materials(5)

Lorentz Model

Dielectric Functions and Optical Parameters

Basics of Crystals

Band Structure of Semiconductor

Exciton

３. Quantum Phenomena of Light-Matter Interactions(4)

Optical Transitions

Strong Light-Matter Interaction

Coherent Phenomena in Solids

Photoinduced Nonequilibrium Dynamics in Materials


2-hour review in each class is required and homework to solve problems is assigned several times during the course.


50%: Assignments and 50%: Final report/examination


No textbook but references will be prepared.


Electronic and optoelectronic properties of semiconductor structures／Jasprit Singh：Cambridge University Press，2003

Optoelectronics／Emmanuel Rosencher, Borge Vinter：Cambridge University，2002




Knowledge of quantum mechanics, electromagnetism, solid-state physics in undergraduate level are required．

科目名 Course Title Advanced Exercise in Applied Physics（応用物理学特別演習E） [Advanced Exercise in Applied Physics]






授業形態 Type of Class 演習対象年次 Year of Eligible Students 2～2

対象学科・クラス Eligible Department/Class 応用物理学専攻


Type




Applied Physics, Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Applied Optics, NanoScience, NanoTechnology


Aim of this course is to study applied physics through the published studies and coursework in various topics. Individual student has to give a

presentation about a topic of interest in order to help his/her study and gain the presentation skills.


Course goal is to gain the ability of solving problems by logical analysis and thinking with a broad perspective.


To learn the approach of the subject, presentation skills, and paper preparation

via presentation about a topic of interest suggested by subject teachers.


Degrees of understanding of physics in a given paper, efforts, presentation, and discussion are evaluated by subject teachers and participating

students.


文献講読、セミナーへの取り組み方、発表・討論の成果と、修士論文研究の成果等を総合的に判断して評価する。






Registration for this course has to be done at the beginning of the second semester of the second year (the first semester of the second year

for students enrolled in October).

科目名 Course Title Advanced Study in Applied Physics（応用物理学特別研究E） [Advanced Study in Applied Physics]





開講学期 Semester 通年単位数 Number of Credits 2

授業形態 Type of Class 演習対象年次 Year of Eligible Students ～

対象学科・クラス Eligible Department/Class 応用物理学専攻


Type




Applied Physics, Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Applied Optics, Nano-

Science, Nano-Technology


Aim of this course is to study the applied physics through the published studies and coursework. Individual student has to give a presentation

about a topic of interest in order to help his/her study and gain the presentation skills.


Course goal is to gain the ability of solving problems by logical analysis and thinking with a broad perspective.


To learn the approach of the subject, presentation skills, and paper preparation

via presentation about a topic of interest suggested by subject teachers.


Extensive preparation is required for the presentation depending on progress of own subject.


Degrees of understanding of physics in a given paper, efforts, presentation, and discussion are evaluated by subject teachers and participating

students.






Registration for this course has to be done at the beginning of the second semester of the second year (the first semester of the second year

for students enrolled in October).

Documents

Division of Applied Physics‚ーワード Key Words X-ray diffraction, neutron scattering, space-time pair-correlation function, diffractometry and spectroscopy, structure and dynamics