Do an Linux Tren KIT KM9260

B GIO DC & O TO TRNG I HC S PHM K THUT TP. H CH MINH

KHOA IN IN T B MN IN T-CNG NGHIP

-----------**-----------

N TT NGHIP NGNH K THUT IN - IN T TI:

NGHIN CU V BIN SON GIO TRNH KIT KM9260

TRN NN LINUX.

GVHD: ThS Nguyn nh Ph; SVTH: Nguyn Tn Nh; MSSV: 07101080.

Tp. H Ch Minh - 2/2012

B GIO DC & O TO TRNG I HC S PHM K THUT TP. H CH MINH

KHOA IN IN T B MN IN T-CNG NGHIP

-----------**-----------

N TT NGHIP NGNH K THUT IN - IN T

TI:

NGHIN CU V BIN SON GIO TRNH KIT KM9260

TRN NN LINUX.

GVHD: ThS Nguyn nh Ph; SVTH: Nguyn Tn Nh; Lp: 071012B, H chnh qui; MSSV: 07101080.

Tp. H Ch Minh - 2/2012

ii

B Gio Dc V o To CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM Trng i Hc S Phm K Thut c lp - T do - Hnh phc Thnh Ph H Ch Minh

KHOA IN - IN T

NGNH K THUT IN T

NHIM V N TT NGHIP

H v tn: NGUYN TN NH MSSV: 07101080 Lp: 071012B Ngnh: K THUT IN - IN T H: I HC CHNH QUY Nin kha: 2007 2012 1.Tn bi:

NGHIN CU V BIN SON GIO TRNH KIT NHNG KM9260 TRN NN LINUX

2. Cc s liu ban u: ...................................................................................................................................... 3. Ni dung cc phn thuyt minh: ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... 4. Cc bn v th: .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. 5. Gio vin hng dn: ThS Nguyn nh Ph 6. Ngy giao nhim v: ............................................................................................ 7. Ngy hon thnh nhim v: ................................................................................. Thng qua b mn Ngy thng nm 2012 Ch nhim b mn

iii

LI M U

Th gii ngy nay vi khoa hc k thut pht trin mnh m cuc sng con ngi ngy cng c pht trin tt hn. Khoa hc k thut em li nhiu tin ch thit thc hn cho cuc sng con ngi. Gp phn to ln trong qu trnh pht trin ca khoa hc k thut l s pht trin mnh m ca vi x l. T b vi x l u tin Intel 4004 c sn xut bi cng ty Intel vo nm 1971, n nay ngnh cng nghip vi x l pht trin vt bc v a dng vi nhiu loi nh: 8951, PIC, AVR, ARM, Pentium,Core i7,.

Cng vi s pht trin a dng v chng loi th ti nguyn ca vi x l cng c nng cao. Cc vi x l ngy nay cung cp cho ngi dng mt ngun ti nguyn rng ln v phong ph. C th p ng c nhiu yu cu khc nhau trong thc t. gip cho ngi dng s dng hiu qu v trit cc ti nguyn ny th h thng nhng ra i. H thng nhng (Embedded system) l mt thut ng ch mt h thng c kh nng t tr c nhng vo trong mt mi trng hay mt h thng m. l cc h thng tch hp c phn cng v phn phm phc v cc bi ton chuyn dng trong nhiu lnh vc cng nghip, t ng ho iu khin, quan trc v truyn tin. Vi s ra i ca h thng nhng th vi x l ngy cng c ng dng rng ri trong i sng cng nh trong cng nghip v kh nng x l nhanh, a dng, tit kim nng lng v n nh ca h thng nhng.

Nhng nm gn y, s nng ng v tch cc hi nhp quc t em v hi th mi cho Vit Nam v mi mt: kinh t, x hi, vn ha, ngh thut Lnh vc k thut ni chung v k thut in t ni ring cng c nhng thay i theo chiu hng tch cc. Bn cnh vic p dng nhng k thut mi (ch yu mua t nc ngoi) vo sn xut, nhiu cng ty Vit Nam ch trng n vic pht trin i ng R&D (Research And Development) t ch to sn phm hon thin cung ng cho th trng. Mt trong nhng sn phm l kit KM9260 l mt kit nhng c tch hp cao trn nn vi iu khin AT91SAM9260.

Tuy h thng nhng rt ph bin trn ton th gii v l hng pht trin ca ngnh in t sau ny nhng hin nay Vit Nam ng k s hiu bit v h thng nhng cn rt hn ch khng p ng c nhu cu nhn lc trong lnh vc ny. Trc tnh

iv

hnh thiu nhn lc nh th ny, trng i Hc S Phm K Thut Thnh Ph H Ch Minh vi t cch l mt trong nhng trng s phm k thut ng u ca Vit Nam nghin cu v lnh vc h thng nhng v s a vo h thng mn hc o to trong tng lai gn nht.

V vy vic bin son gio trnh v h thng nhng l mt yu cu cn thit trong thi im hin ti cng nh trong tng lai. Nhn thy c nhu cu cp thit nn sinh vin thc hin chn ti: NGHIN CU V BIN SON GIO TRNH KIT NHNG KM9260 TRN NN LINUX lm n tt nghip cho mnh.

Nhng kin thc, nng lc t c trong qu trnh hc tp trng s c nh gi qua t bo v n cui kha. V vy sinh vin thc hin ti c gng tn dng nhng kin thc hc trng cng vi s tm ti, nghin cu cng vi s hng dn tn tnh ca Gio vin hng dn cng Thy/C thuc Khoa in-in T c th hon thnh tt n ny.

Mc d sinh vin thc hin ti c gng hon thnh nhim v ti t ra v ng thi hn nhng chc chn s khng trnh khi nhng thiu st, mong qu Thy/C v cc bn sinh vin thng cm. Sinh vin thc hin ti mong nhn c nhng kin ng gp ca qu Thy/C v cc bn sinh vin.

TP.HCM, Ngy thng nm 2012 Sinh vin thc hin ti

Nguyn Tn Nh

v

LI CM N Li u tin, sinh vin thc hin ti xin c php chn thnh gi li cm n n

thy Nguyn nh Ph, gio vin hng dn ti, nh hng v trao i nhng kinh nghim qu bo em thc hin nhng ni dung trong ti ny cch hon chnh.

K n, em cng xin t lng bit n n thy Nguyn Tn Thnh, cu sinh vin ca trng i Hc S Phm K Thut, gip em c c nhng kin thc rt c bn c vai tr l nn tng gip em pht trin nhng ni dung trong ti.

Em cng xin trn trng cm n cc thy c trong trng i Hc S Phm K Thut tn tnh truyn t nhng kin thc v tnh yu ngh em c s am m nghin cu khm ph nhng kin thc mi trong ngnh.

Cui cng em xin dng li cm n n Cha Gisu, cha, m v nhng ngi thn trong gia nh, bn b, ... to iu kin thun li v tinh thn v vt cht gip em hon thnh ti ny.

TP.HCM, Ngy thng nm 2012 Sinh vin thc hin ti

Nguyn Tn Nh

vi

MC LC NI DUNG TRANG PHN A: GII THIU .........................................................................

Trang ba .............................................................................................................. i

Nhim v n ................................................................................................... ii Li m u ......................................................................................................... iii Li cm n ......................................................................................................... iv Mc lc ................................................................................................................ v Lit k hnh v .................................................................................................... ix Lit k bng xii

PHN B: NI DUNG ............................................................................

CHNG I: DN NHP ................................................................................ 1

1.1. t vn ................................................................................................. 2 1.2. L do chn ti. .................................................................................... 2 1.3. i tng nghin cu ............................................................................... 3 1.4. Gii hn ti .......................................................................................... 3 1.5. Dn nghin cu ...................................................................................... 3 1.6. Tnh hnh nghin cu ................................................................................ 4 1.7. ngha thc tin. ...................................................................................... 5

CHNG V: KT QU NGHIN CU-KT LUN-HNG PHT TRIN. ........ 116 5.1 Kt qu nghin cu. ............................................................................... 117 5.2 Kt lun . ................................................................................................. 117 5.3 Hng pht trin ..................................................................................... 118

PHN C: PHU LC. 119

vii

LIT K HNH V Hnh Trang

Hnh 2.1: S khi tng qut VN8-01 ....................................................................... 6 Hnh 2.2: S chn VN8-01 ....................................................................................... 7 Hnh 2.3: CPU x l 5 giai on ................................................................................... 10 Hnh 2.4: Kin trc ng ng 5 tng .......................................................................... 11 Hnh 2.5: 1 lnh n cn 5 xung clock ......................................................................... 11 Hnh 2.6: T chc b nh chng trnh trong VN8-01 ................................................ 12 Hnh 2.7 Hot ng ca PC i vi lnh thng v lnh r nhnh .............................. 13 Hnh 2.8: Cu trc ca 1 lnh n ................................................................................ 14 Hnh 2.9: Cc ngun ngt ca VN8-01 ......................................................................... 17 Hnh 2.10: Hot ng ca Stack v thanh ghi PC ......................................................... 18 Hnh 2.11: Cu trc thanh ghi INTCON ....................................................................... 19 Hnh 2.12: Cu trc thanh ghi PIR1 .............................................................................. 20 Hnh 2.13: Cu trc thanh ghi PIE1 .............................................................................. 21 Hnh 2.14: Cu trc thanh ghi OPTION ....................................................................... 22 Hnh 2.15: Clock ng vo cho cc b Timer 0,1,2 ....................................................... 22 Hnh 2.16: S khi ca Timer0 ................................................................................ 25

viii

Hnh 2.17: S khi b nh thi 1(Timer1) ............................................................. 29 Hnh 2.18: Cu trc thanh ghi T1CON ......................................................................... 29 Hnh 2.19: S khi ca Timer2 ................................................................................ 32 Hnh 2.20: Cu trc thanh ghi T2CON ......................................................................... 32 Hnh 2.21: Thit k hot ng cho chc nng WDT .................................................... 34 Hnh 2.22: S khi Watchdog-Timer ....................................................................... 35 Hnh 2.23: Ch hot ng ca CPP v ngun Timer ............................................... 39 Hnh 2.24: Cu trc thanh ghi CCPCON ...................................................................... 39 Hnh 2.25: Cu trc thanh ghi PIR1 .............................................................................. 40 Hnh 2.26: V tr bit CCPIE ........................................................................................... 40 Hnh 2.27: quan h gia CK bn phn (Thigh) v CK xung (Tcycle) ......................... 42 Hnh 2.28: S khi Capture ca ng vo CCPI ....................................................... 43 Hnh 2.29: S khi Compare.................................................................................... 45 Hnh 2.30: S khi PWM ......................................................................................... 46 Hnh 2.31: Thay i CKNV khi CK xung c nh ....................................................... 47 Hnh 2.32: Cu to b truyn USART .......................................................................... 50 Hnh 2.33: cu trc thanh ghi TXSTA .......................................................................... 51 Hnh 2.34: Cu trc thanh ghi RCSTA ......................................................................... 52 Hnh 2.35: v tr c ngt nhn ....................................................................................... 53 Hnh 2.36: V tr bit c ngt .......................................................................................... 54 Hnh 2.37: Quan h gia clock ly mu v clock truyn d liu ................................ 55 Hnh 2.38: Clock khi SPBRG = 0x00 ......................................................................... 56

Hnh 2.39: Gin xung truyn d liu tng bit ........................................................ 57 Hnh 2.40: Ly mu d liu ng vi BaudRate = Fosc/(64x(X+1)) ........................... 58 Hnh 2.41: Ly mu d liu ng vi Baud Rate = fosc/(16x(X+1))........................... 58 Hnh 2.42: Ly mu d liu ng vi Baud Rate = fosc/(8x(X+1))............................. 58 Hnh 2.43: Cu to ca b truyn USART ................................................................. 60 Hnh 2.44: Truyn bt ng b 1 khung d liu dng truyn n l .......................... 61 Hnh 2.45: Truyn bt ng b Back-to-Back ............................................................ 61 Hnh 2.46 Cu to b nhn bt ng b USART ....................................................... 62 Hnh 2.47: Qu trnh truyn ng b Master .............................................................. 65 Hnh 2.48: Ch nhn ng b Master (nhn 1 ln) ................................................ 67

ix

Hnh 2.49: Hot ng truyn trong ch Standby (ng b Slave) ........................ 69 Hnh 2.50: Hot ng nhn trong ch Standby (ng b Slave) .......................... 70 Hnh 3.1 Gin thi gian th hin tn hiu xung reset v xung presence ................ 74 Hnh 3.2: Gin trnh t thi gian ca xung reset & presence ................................ 74 Hnh 3.3: Gin thi gian cho VN8-01 ghi tn hiu mc 1 & mc 0 ...................... 75 Hnh 3.4: Gin thi gian VN8-01 c tn hiu mc 1 & 0................................ 75 Hnh 3.5: Dng ng gi TO-92 ................................................................................. 77 Hnh 3.6: Dng ng gi SO ....................................................................................... 77 Hnh 3.7: M t chi tit gi tr bit trong b nh lu gi tr chuyn i ...................... 78 Hnh 3.8: Th hin cu trc b nh DS18B20 ............................................................ 79 Hnh 3.9: Thanh ghi cu hnh phn gii (byte4) .................................................... 80 Hnh 3.10: Ngun cung cp qua ng tn hiu ......................................................... 83 Hnh 3.11: DS18B20 vi ngun cung cp c lp ...................................................... 83 Hnh 3.12: Kt ni phn cng cc thit b giao tip I2C ............................................ 85 Hnh 3.13: Quan h truyn/nhn d liu gia thit b ch/t ..................................... 85 Hnh 3.14: Gin th hin tn hiu xung Start v Stop ............................................ 87 Hnh 3.15: Qu trnh truyn 1bit d liu ..................................................................... 87 Hnh 3.16: Qu trnh truyn 8bit d liu v tn hiu p ng Ack ............................. 88 Hnh 3.17: Tn hiu p ng ACK t thit b nhn .................................................... 88 Hnh 3.18: Lu thut ton truyn nhn d liu ...................................................... 89 Hnh 3.19: Cu trc byte d liu u tin ................................................................... 89 Hnh 3.20: Qu trnh truyn d liu ............................................................................ 90 Hnh 3.21: Ghi d liu t ch n t vi chiu c xc nh ................................... 91 Hnh 3.22: Thit b ch c d liu t thit b t ........................................................ 91 Hnh 3.23: Thit b ch kt hp c & ghi d liu trong qu trnh truyn thng ....... 92 Hnh 3.24: Dng ng gi DIP ca DS1307 ............................................................... 92 Hnh 3.25: T chc b nh trong DS1307 .................................................................. 93 Hnh 3.26: T chc bn trong ca cc thanh ghi thi gian ......................................... 94 Hnh 4.1: S khi tng qut Kit th nghim VN8-01 ............................................. 99 Hnh 4.2: S chn ca 74HC573 ............................................................................ 102 Hnh 4.3: S chn IC 74HC595 ............................................................................. 103 Hnh 4.5: S chn 74HC138 .................................................................................. 106

x

Hnh 4.7: S chn ca LCD16*2 ........................................................................... 107 Hnh 4.8: S chn ca 74HC541 ............................................................................ 108 Hnh 4.10 : S chn ca 74HC151 ......................................................................... 111 Hnh 4.11 : S chn ca IC 74HC07 ...................................................................... 112 Hnh 4.12 : S chn ca IC 74HC08 ...................................................................... 112 Hnh 4.14 : s chn ca ADC0809 ........................................................................ 113

LIT K BNG

Bng Trang Bng 2.2: Vng gi tr b nh Ram/bank.14 Bng 2.3: M t thanh ghi INTCON.19 Bng 2.4: m t thanh ghi PIR120 Bng 2.5: M t thanh ghi PIE121 Bng 2.6: M t thanh ghi OPTION22 Bng 2.6: M t thanh ghi OPTION25 Bng 2.7: M t thanh ghi T1CON...29 Bng 2.8: M t thanh ghi T2CON...32 Bng 2.9: M t thanh ghi CCPCON39

xi

Bng 2.10: M t ni dung bt c ngt..40 Bng 2.11: M t chc nng bit CCPIE40 Bng 2.12: M t chc nng thanh thi TXSTA51 Bng 2.13: M t chc nng thanh ghi RCSTA...52 Bng 2.14: M t chc nng ca c ngt..54 Bng 2.15: M t chc nng bit c ngt...54 Bng 2.16: Cng thc tnh tc Baud55 Bng 2.17: Cc bc thit lp b truyn bt ng b...60 Bng 2.18: Cc bc thit lp b nhn bt ng b..62 Bng 2.19 Cc bc thit lp cho b truyn MASTER.64 Bng 2.20: Cc bc cu hnh b nhn ng b Master...66 Bng 2.21: Cc bc thit lp mt ch truyn ng b SLAVE 67 Bng 2.22: Cc bc cu hnh ch nhn ng b Slave..69 Bng 3.1: Mi quan h gia nhit v gt lu trong b nh phn gii 12bits79 Bng 3.2: Gi tr cu hnh tng ng vi tng phn gii..80 Bng 4.1 : M t chc nng chn ca GLCD109

PHN II

N TT NGHIP

CHNG I: DN NHP. 1

CHNG I DN NHP

N TT NGHIP

CHNG I: DN NHP. 2

1.1. T VN Trn th gii h thng nhng (embeded system) xut hin v c mt trn th

trng vo nhng nm 1960, cho n nay hn na th k hnh thnh v pht trin. Vi nhng u im m cc h thng khc khng c nh tnh gn nh, p ng nhanh, tin cy cao, v quan trng l kh nng linh hot trong nhiu ng dng to iu kin thun li cho sn xut hng lot dn n gi thnh gim, ... H thng nhng c s dng a dng trong mi lnh vc nh: dn dng, qun s, y t,... Doanh thu m cc h thng nhng mang li l v cng ln. Theo thng k ca mt hng nghin cu ca Canada th n nm 2009, tng th trng ca cc h thng nhng ton cu t 88 t USD. Trong phn cng t 78 t v phn mm t 3.5 t. Trong tng lai lng doanh thu ny s cn tng ln ng k. Lnh vc ny v ang l mt c hi v thch thc v cng ln cho cc doanh nghip trong v ngoi Vit Nam.

Ti Vit Nam, vic bt tay vo nghin cu v pht trin phn mm cng nh phn cng h thng nhng ch mi bt u trong vi nm tr li y v c xem l mt c hi vng cho cc cng ty in t nghin cu v pht trin ng dng vo cc sn phm cng ngh cao. Nhiu cng ty xem vic pht trin phn cng v phn mm h thng nhng l ch ngm trong tng lai v khng ngng u t hp tc vi cc i tc nc ngoi tip thu v pht trin. Trong bi cnh t nc ta ang trn ng hi nhp pht trin, vic u t m cc nh my cng xng chuyn v sn xut h thng nhng v tm kim i tc ln t nc ngoi c kinh nghim trong lnh vc ny l khng kh. Th nhng liu chng ta c yu t con ngi lm vic trong nhng mi trng ny hay khng?

Hin nay i ng nhn lc ca nc ta trong lnh vc thit k h thng nhng cn hn ch, cha c mt kin thc rng v su c th hp tc pht. Vit Nam bc u c nhng chng trnh hp tc vi cc hng in t ln nh Toshiba, Samsung, Panasonic, ... tuy nhin nhng chng trnh nh th cn rt hn ch v khng c mt nh hng chin lc chung. Vit Nam cn phi y mnh hn na vn nh hng nghin cu v pht trin cho ngnh h thng nhng t trong cc trng i hc v trung tm nghin cu, cng nh trang b nhng kin thc v l thuyt v thc hnh cho nhng sinh vin tr, p ng nhu cu ngy cng cao ca nh tuyn dng. Mun vy vn t ra l phi c mt chng trnh c thit k chuyn su c v l thuyt v thc hnh trong cc c s o to chnh quy nh hng ban u cho cc sinh vin

N TT NGHIP

CHNG I: DN NHP. 3

theo hc ti trng c mt nim am m lnh vc lp trnh nhng y tim nng ny, to mt nn tng vng chc cho s pht trin bn vng v nhanh chng trong tng lai.

Mt trong nhng yu t quan trong nht quyt nh n cht lng thnh cng ca chng trnh o to l ti liu hng dn thc hin chng trnh o to . V th vic bin son mt gio trnh y , chuyn su, ging dy song hnh gia l thuyt v thc hnh ngi hc khng ch nm vng nguyn l hot ng m cn c th thao tc iu khin vo nhng ng dng thc t ca h thng nhng, t t mnh c th nghin cu pht trin trong cc mi trng chuyn nghip sau ny l mt nhu cu cp thit. 1.2. L DO CHN TI

Tn ti ca nhm l NGHIN CU V BIN SON GIO TRNH KIT NHNG KM9260 TRN NN LINUX.

Khi mt h CHIP vi iu khin mi c ra i, cng vi nhng tnh nng vt tri hn so vi cc vi iu khin khc, nh sn xut thng cho ra i cc kit nhng s dng ngay nhng CHIP ny lm ni bt nhng tnh nng m n h tr. Kit nghim KM9260 l mt loi nh th. c xy dng da vo cu trc h thng nhng at91sam9260-ek ca hng Atmel, kit c tch hp rt nhiu ngoi vi thch hp vi nhng c im ca h thng nhng nhm chng em chn lm ti nghin cu ca mnh.

Vic la chn mt kit c th vit gio trnh hng dn lp trnh ng dng trong h thng nhng c quyt nh bi ba l do sau:

Th nht, a s cc h thng nhng (bao gm phn cng v phn mm) c xy dng theo mt chun nht nh. Nghin cu mt i tng c th trong chun ny c ngha rng tt c cc i tng khc cng ang c nghin cu. Tip cn theo hng c th s gip cho ngi hc c nhiu kinh nghim lp trnh t thc tin, rt ra kin thc tng qut t nhng thao tc c hng dn, ... to nn tng cho vic nghin cu cc h thng khc. Nu tip cn theo hng chung nht, mc d ngi hc c th hiu r nguyn tc hot ng ca h thng nhng s khng th p dng vo bt k mt h thng thc t no.

Th hai, tin cy cao, gi thnh v thi gian thit k gim. a s cc kit th nghim c nghin cu v kim tra qua nhiu cng on trc khi xut hin trn th trng i tr v th h thng hot ng vi n nh cao. Do sn xut vi s lng ln nn chi ph thit k s gim, thi gian thc hin c rt ngn.

N TT NGHIP

CHNG I: DN NHP. 4

Th ba, cc kit th nghim c sn xut vi rt nhiu ngoi vi khc nhau tch hp trn mt board mch, nhiu chn cm m rng, ... thch hp cho vic ng dng kt hp vi cc kit th nghim hin c trnh lng ph trong qu trnh chuyn giao thay i cng ngh.

Mt h thng nhng c th chy trn nhiu h iu hnh khc nhau nh WinCE, Android, Linux, ...nhng nhm chng em chn h iu hnh Linux nghin cu v trin khai cc bi th nghim trong gio trnh v h iu hnh ny c nhiu u im m cc h iu hnh khc khng c.

u im u tin l Linux c m ngun m, chng ta c th thao tc chnh sa m ngun ny ph hp vi h thng. Hin ny Linux h tr cho rt nhiu dng vi iu khin khc nhau nh: ARM, AVR, ...nn khi nghin cu linux chng ta c th d dng lm vic trn nhiu h thng khc.

Linux c xy dng hon ton bng ngn ng lp trnh C. y l ngn ng thng dng v ph bin. Ngi hc khi nghin cu s d dng tip thu c thut ton chng trnh iu khin v nguyn l lm vic ca h thng.

C rt nhiu sch hay v thng tin bn lun v h iu hnh ny trn internet. Do khi nghin cu ngi hc c th tm hiu trn mi knh thng tin nm vng ni dung ca bi hc.

V cn rt nhiu u im khc, nhng u im ny s c ngi hc nhn ra trong qu trnh s dng.

Vi nhng l do trn nhm chng em chn ti : NGHIN CU V BIN SON GIO TRNH KIT NHNG KM9260 TRN NN LINUX lm ti tt nghip ca mnh. Vi mc ch lm ti liu nghin cu cho cc bn sinh vin mong mun tm hiu th gii lp trnh nhng y th v, gp phn lm cho mn hc ny c pht trin rng ri trong i ng k s tr ca nc ta, nng cao cht lng ca ngun nhn lc. 1.3. I TNG NGHIN CU

ti ny tp trung nghin cu ch yu l phn mm h thng nhng linux trn kit ARM KM9260. Nhng kin thc v h iu hnh nhng bao gm driver v application c hin thc ha thng qua cc bi thc hnh trn kit th nghim. Cc bi thc hnh c xy dng t n gin n nng cao iu khin cc thit b ngoi vi c tch hp

N TT NGHIP

CHNG I: DN NHP. 5

trn kit ngi hc c th hiu v ng dng vo cc d n ln hn ngoi thc t. Do y l ti liu hng dn lp trnh h thng nhng da trn nn h iu hnh linux

nn nhng kin thc v lp trnh hp ng, nhng chng trnh khng mang tnh cht h iu hnh khng c cp v p dng trong nhng bi thc hnh ca gio trnh. 1.4. GII HN TI

Ni dung ca ti (gio trnh) bao gm 3 vn : Lp trnh h thng nhng cn bn:

Trnh by nhng kin cn bn nht v h thng nhng, lm c s ngi hc tip cn phn lp trnh h thng nhng nng cao. Bao gm l thuyt v h iu hnh Linux, l thuyt v h thng nhng, hng dn cc phn mm h tr trong qu trnh s dng kit nhng, hng dn np cc phn mm h thng nhng v bin dch phn mm ng dng.

- Phn l thuyt v h iu hnh Linux s trnh by cc kin thc cn bn ca Linux: phn vng a trong Linux, cch truy xut phn vng trong Linux, cc th mc h thng trong Linux, mn hnh Terminal. Ngoi ra phn ny cn trnh by cc thao tc c bn trong Linux nh: khi ng li h thng, tt h thng, to th mc tp tin, sao chp th mc tp tin, di chuyn th mc tp tin, phn quyn qun l tp tin th mc, . Cui cng phn ny trnh by trnh son tho trong Linux l trnh son tho VI.

- Phn l thuyt h thng nhng s trnh by v phn cng ca kit nhng KM9260, trnh by v cc phn mm h thng ca kit nhng bao gm Romcode, Bootstrapcode, U-boot, Kernel, Rootfs.

- Phn hng dn cc phn mm h tr trong qu trnh s dng kit nhng s trnh by cc phn mm cn thit nh: Vmware Workstation, Samba, Putty, tftpd32, SSH SECURE SHELL CLIENT.

- V phn cui cng s hng dn np cc phn mm h thng vo cc vng nh tng ng trn kit kit c th chy h iu hnh nhng thnh cng. Phn ny cn trnh by cch bin dch, chy mt chng trnh ng dng v cch bin dch, ci t mt driver.

Lp trnh h thng nhng nng cao: Bao gm kin thc v mi quan h gia hai lp user v kernel trong h thng phn

mm nhng.

N TT NGHIP

CHNG I: DN NHP. 6

- i vi lp user, ti cung cp nhng thng tin cc hm h tr trong qun l thi gian thc ca h thng, cc lnh h tr lp trnh a tuyn v tin trnh. Cho ngi hc c mt tm nhn tng qut trong phng php lp trnh bng h iu hnh. ti khng i su tm hiu vn xung t trong truy xut d liu gia cc tuyn v cc tin trnh vi nhau m ch nu nhng kin thc thc hin cc bi tp v d trong ti.

- i vi lp kernel, ti cung cp nhng thng tin ch yu v driver, vai tr, v tr v phn loi driver trong h thng phn mm nhng. i su vo tm hiu character device driver, cc hm giao din, cc bc hon chnh vit v a mt driver (loi character) hot ng trong h thng. Bn cnh ti gio trnh cn trnh by cc hm thao tc trong gpio, qun l v truy xut thi gian thc trong kernel lm c s cho iu khin cc thit b ngoi vi.

Thc hnh giao tip cc thit b ngoi v: Bao gm nhiu bi thc hnh khc nhau, mi bi s iu khin mt loi thit b ngoi

vi. ti s cung cp m chng trnh v d cho c hai phn driver v application cho mi bi v d. Cc thit b ngoi vi l nhng linh kin hin th n gin, cc linh kin o lng, iu khin; cc chun giao tip nh UART, I2C, 1-Wire.

Do hn ch v thi gian nghin cu nn ti ch a ra cc chng trnh v d nh di dng module cha kt hp thnh mt d n ln c th hiu ht sc mnh m mt h thng nhng c th lm. ti ch nhm cung cp cho ngi c nhng kin thc lp trnh nhng cn bn v c th nht t lm c s lp trnh nhng ng dng ln hn khng phi ch mt m l tp hp nhng k s khc nhau cng nghin cu pht trin. 1.5. DN NGHIN CU 1.5.1. Lp trnh nhng cn bn:

Gii thiu v vi iu khin AT91SAM9260: cung cp cho ngi hc cc kin thc cn thit v vi iu khin phc v cho vic nghin cu s dng kit nhng. Phn ny bao gm: - H vi iu khin ARM. - Vi iu khin AT91SAM9260:

c im chnh

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S chn ca AT91SAM9260 Ngun cp cho AT91SAM9260 Bng vng nh ca AT91SAM9260

L thuyt v h iu hnh Linux: Cung cp cho ngi hc cc kin thc c bn v Linux ng dng cho h iu hnh nhng. Phn ny bao gm: - Kin thc ve Linux - Cc thao tc c bn trn h iu hnh Linux - Trnh son tho VI

L thuyt v h thng nhng: Cng cp cho ngi hc cc kin thc ban u v h thng nhng. Phn ny bao gm: - Phn cng h thng nhng trn kit km9260 - Phn mm h thng nhng trn kit km9260

Cc phn mm h tr trong qu trnh s dng kit: Hng dn cc thao tc s dng phn mm v chc nng ca tng phn mm. Phn ny bao gm: - Chng trnh my tnh o Vmware Workstation - Chng trnh Samba - Chng trnh Putty - Chng trnh tftpd32 - Chng trnh SSH SECURE SHELL CLIENT

Hng dn np phn mm h thng v bin dch phn mm ng dng cho kit: Phn ny bao gm: - Trnh bin dch cho Cross Toolchians - Cc bc bin dch Kernel - Chnh sa Kernel - Cc bin mi trng v lnh c bn ca U-boot - Ci t cho h thng - Cc bc bin dch Driver v ci t Driver - Cc bc bin dch chng trnh ng dng v chy chng trnh ng dng

1.5.2. Lp trnh nhng nng cao: Lp trnh user application: Cung cp cho ngi hc nhng kin thc cn thit

c th vit mt chng trnh ng dng chy trong lp user. Phn ny bao gm nhng ni dung:

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- Chng trnh helloworld: y l chng trnh n gin, cung cp kin thc v cc hm n gin trong C (hm printf(), hm exit()) v khc phc nhng li xy ra trong qu trnh bin dch chng trnh user sao cho c th chy n nh.

- Tr hon thi gian trong user: Cung cp cho ngi hc nhng kin thc v tr hon thi gian trong lp user c n v t giy n nano giy. Ngi hc c thao tc vi hm nh thi gian tc ng alarm(), cc hm truy xut v thao tc thng tin thi gian thc ca h thng linux.

- Lp trnh a tin trnh trong user: Ngi hc c lm quen vi khi nim tin trnh; cch qun l tin trnh; cc hm to lp, thay th v nhn i tin trnh; ... trong linux.

- Lp trnh a tuyn trong user: Trnh by cc vn v tuyn; phn bit gia tuyn v tin trnh; Cc hm to lp, ng b ha hot ng; Nhng u v nhc im so vi tin trnh; ... trong linux.

Lp trnh trong lp kernel driver: Cung cp cho ngi hc nhng kin thc chuyn su v driver loi character theo h c th t mnh vit v c hiu cc driver khc ngoi thc t. Phn ny bao gm nhng ni dung sau: - H thng nhng mi quan h gia driver v application trong phn mm h

thng nhng: Nhc li nhng kin thc v nh ngha; cu trc v vai tr tng thnh phn trong h thng nhng. So snh v vai tr, nu mi quan h gia driver v application trong h thng nhng phc v cho vic phn phi nhim v thc thi cho hai thnh phn ny trong h thng.

- Cc loi driver nhn dng tng loi driver trong linux: Xc nh vai tr ca driver; phn loi; cch qun l driver; cc hm tng tc vi s nh danh driver trong linux;

- Character device driver: Cung cp nhng kin thc y v charater device driver bao gm: nh ngha, cch thc to s nh danh thit b, cu trc v cc hm ng k character driver vo h thng linux.

- Cc giao din chun trong driver: Trnh by cu trc, gii thch cc tham s lnh ca giao din hm trong driver linux nh read(), write() v ioctl() phc v cho vic vit hon chnh mt character device driver;

- Cc bc vit mt character driver: Cn c vo nhng kin thc l

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thuyt c trnh by trong nhng bi trc. Bi ny rt ra nhng bc cn thit cn phi tin hnh lp trnh thnh cng mt character driver. Nhc li thao tc bin dch driver trong linux.

- Helloworld driver: a ra v d minh ha lp trnh mt character driver hon chnh mang tn helloworld.ko. Driver ny s dng tt c nhng giao din hm c gii thiu ng thi cn lp trnh sn mt chng trnh user application lin kt gia ngi dng vi driver, s dng tt c nhng chc nng m n h tr.

- Cc hm trong GPIO: Gii thiu cho ngi hc nhng kin thc v iu khin cc cng vo ra gpio. Bao gm quy nh s chn, cc hm khi to, truy xut cc chn trong CHIP vi iu khin.

- Tr hon thi gian trong kernel: Cng tng t nh trong phn lp trnh user, bi ny cung cp nhng kin thc v qun l thi gian trong kernel; cc hm truy xut thi gian thc; thao tc khi to ngt dng timer trong kernel.

1.5.3. Lp trnh giao tip phn cng: Bao gm nhng bi thc hnh ring l, c sp sp theo th t t d n kh. Mi

bi s iu khin mt hoc nhiu thit b ngoi vi ty theo yu cu ca bi ton. Hu ht u ng dng nhng kin thc hc trong phn lp trnh user application v lp trnh kernel driver. Cc bi thc hnh bao gm: iu khin LED n; iu khin 2 LED 7 on ri; iu khin nhiu LED 7 on bng phng php qut; iu khin LCD 16x2; Giao tip iu khin GPIO ng vo m xung; iu khin LED ma trn; iu khin ADC0809; iu khin module I2C tch hp trn CHIP AT91SAM9260; iu khin module ADC tch hp trn CHIP AT91SAM9260; iu khin module UART tch hp trn CHIP AT91SAM9260; (...);

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1.6. TNH HNH NGHIN CU Trong nc:

Hin nay c rt nhiu gio trnh nghin cu su vo nguyn l hot ng ca h thng nhng c v phn cng ln phn mm. Nhng quyn gio trnh ny ch yu trnh by nhng l thuyt chung chung khng i c th vo mt h thng no. Chnh v th sau khi nghin cu xong, ngi hc kh c th p dng ngay vo thc t m i hi phi c mt qu trnh nghin cu chuyn su v h thng .

Trn cc knh truyn thng cng c nhiu din n bn lun v ti lp trnh phn mm h thng nhng trn kit, nhng a s nh l v khng theo trnh t logic t d n kh. iu ny khin cho ngi mi bt u mun nghin cu v vit c mt ng dng phi tri qua qu trnh th sai tng hp t nhiu ngun thng tin khc nhau. Thm ch cn c th i sai hng nghin cu. Ngoi nc:

Bn v lp trnh h thng nhng, c nhiu sch xut bn t rt lu. Nhng ni dung c trnh by rt phong ph, ngi c cn phi c kin thc chuyn mn su, nht l kin thc trong lnh vc ngoi ng chuyn ngnh mi c th c v lnh hi ht kin thc bn trong. iu ny i hi sinh vin nghin cu phi c kh nng tm hiu v vn ngoi ng di do.

Cc gio trnh c a s trnh by nhng v d tng qut theo hng tt c cc h thng u c th thc thi. Cha c nhng v d v lp trnh phn cng iu khin cc thit b ngoi vi c th.

ti c nghin cu nhm khc phc nhng nhc im trn. Nghin cu mt i tng c th s gip cho ngi hc ng dng ngay nhng g lnh hi vo thc tin. T khc su l thuyt, c th p dng vo nhng h thng tng t. 1.7. NGHA THC TIN.

Lp trnh h thng nhng l mt lnh vc mi c trin vng ca nc ta trong nhng nm gn y. Thc y s pht trin trong lnh vc ny ngoi vic thu ht u t th vic pht trin i ng k s c kinh nghim l iu quan trong nht.

ti c bin son vi nhng bi thc hnh xen k l thuyt c sp sp theo tng mc gip cho ngi hc khng ch nm vng l thuyt m cn c th thao tc

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iu khin trn mch phn cng. V a s cc h thng nhng hot ng trn nn h iu hnh linux u theo mt chun chung nn khi tip xc vi cc h thng khc ngi hc c th t mnh nghin cu tm hiu.

ti c thit k theo kit KM9260, l kit th nghim lp trnh nhng c tch hp nhiu ngoi vi v cc chn giao tip vo ra, thun li cho vic kt ni vi cc b th nghim khc hoc lp t vo cc b phn chuyn bit. iu ny lm tic kim chi ph thit k, tn dng nhng b th nghim hin c, ng dng lp trnh thnh cng c th p dng vo d n nhanh chng.

ti khi c p dng vo chng trnh ging dy s gp phn lm ph bin thm mn lp trnh h thng nhng cho nhng sinh vin ang theo hc ti cc trng i hc. Gip h c c nhng kin thc nn tng, nh hng am m ban u tip tc nghin cu trong cc mi trng chuyn nghip sau ny.

CHNG II LP TRNH NHNG

CN BN

Li u chng Lp trnh nhng l mt vn tng i kh, i hi ngi nghin cuhc tp phi c

s kin nhn v lng am m tht s mi c th hiu v tin xa trong lnh vc ny. Vi mc ch nh hng cho ngi hc c s am m ban u trong mn lp trnh h thng nhng, nhm thc hin ti trnh by mt cch chi tit nhng ni dung ct yu v cn thit sao cho ngi hc c th ng dng ngay nhng gi hc vo thc t, trnh trng hp l thuyt sung qu tng qut, nhm to s hng th trong qu trnh hc tp.

Trong chng IILp trnh nhng cn bn, nh tn gi ca n, chng ny trnh by nhng kin thc rt cn bn v phn cng h thng nhng c lin quan n kit th nghim KM9260 nh: Vi iu khin AT91SAM9260, cu trc cc linh kin, h iu hnh nhng linux, cc phn mm h tr lp trnh, ...

nghin cu nhng ni dung trong chng ny dt hiu qu cao nht, ngi hc phi c nhng kin thc v k nng nn tng sau:

- Kin thc tng qut v k thut s, l thuyt vi x l, hiu v s dng thnh tho mt loi vi x l n gin (chng hn 89x51, PIC, ...).

- S dng thnh tho nhng thao tc c bn trong PC tng ng trnh A. - Kin thc tng qut v l thuyt h thng nhng, h iu hnh, ...

Chng ny c trnh by theo cu trc tng bi hc, mi bi hc c th ngn hoc di ty theo ni dung kin thc trnh by. Ni dung kin thc trong mi bi l mt vn ring bit nhm gip cho ngi hc lnh hi mt cch chc chn vai tr ca bi hc trong qu trnh tm hiu nghin cu lp trnh chng trnh ng dng trong h thng nhng.

Cu trc cc bi hc bao gm: Bi 1: Tng quan v vi iu khin AT91SAM9260;

Bi ny cung cp cho ngi hc nhng kin thc v vi iu khin ARM, s chn, bn vng nh ca vi iu khin s dng trong kit KM9260. y l nhng kin thc quan trng, gip cho ngi hc hiu c nguyn l kt ni phn cng, cch s dng v khai bo a ch vng nh trong phn mm, ... c cp trong nhng bi hc khc.

Bi 2: Mt s thao tc c bn trn h iu hnh Linux; H iu hnh Linux c trnh by trong bi ny l mt h iu hnh dnh cho my tnh PC v cng c mt s c dim ging vi h iu hnh chy trn h thng nhng. Mc ch l cung cp cho ngi hc nhng kin thc v qun l b

nh, cc thao tc t n gin n phc tp trong mi trng shell ca h iu hnh Linux v mt s cc phn mm h tr bin son chng trnh ng dng khc.

Bi 3: H thng phn cng v phn mm nhng trong kit KM9260; Bi ny gii thiu mt s vn v cu trc phn cng v phn mm trong kit KM9260 nhm gip cho ngi hc hiu r tn, v tr, vai tr ca tng linh kin, s chn kt ni, ... bn cnh l nguyn l v vai tr hot ng ca tng thnh phn trong h thng phn mm nhng, ... Nhng kin thc ny c vai tr quan trng trong lp trnh giao tip phn cng v sa cha h thng trong qu trnh hot ng nu pht sinh ra li.

Bi 4: Phn mm h tr lp trnh nhng; Cung cp cho ngi hc k nng s dng nhng chng trnh h tr qu trnh lp trnh nhng nh: Chng trnh my tnh o, chng trnh h tr np chng trnh thng qua cng USB, thit b hin th u cui qua cng COM, phn mm giao tip mng. Cc phn mm ny h tr vic ng nhp, lp trnh, bin dch, v thc thi chng trnh ng dng trong kit.

Bi 5: Thao tc trn phn mm h thng nhng KM9260; Sau khi nghin cu Bi 4, ngi hc s thc hnh s dng nhng thao tc c hc thao tc bin dch v np cc thnh phn trong h thng phn mm nhng bao gm rootfilesystem, uboot, kernel, driver v phn mm ng dng cc thnh phn ny c th chy n nh trn phn cng h thng nhng kit KM9260.

Nhng vn c trnh by trong chng ny khng nhm gii thch chuyn su v nguyn l hot ng ca h thng nhng m cung cp cho ngi hc nhng kin thc c th c lin quan n kit KM9260, phc v cho vic lp trnh cc ng dng thc t giao tip gia kit vi cc thit b ngoi v trong chng sau.

Do tnh ring bit trong tng bi hc, nn ngi hc c th b qua mt s bi khi cm thy nm vng cc ni c gii thiu trong mi bi hc. Hoc c th lm ti liu tham kho khi cha nm vng mt ni dung no .

Sau y chng ti s trnh by ln lt tng ni dung c lit k.

BI 1

TNG QUAN V VI IU KHIN AT91SAM9260

Thnh phn quang trng nht cu to nn mt h thng nhng chnh l vi x l, vi iu khin. Vi x l,vi iu khin quyt dnh n tnh nng, hiu qu ng dng ca h thng nhng. V vy trc khi nghin cu v h thng nhng th chng ta phi c mt kin thc cn bn v vi x l ca h thng nhng.

Kit nhng KM9260 c xy dng da trn nn vi iu khin AT91SAM9260. L vi iu khin 32 bit thuc h ARM9 tit kim nng lng.

Trong phn ny s trnh by s lc cc kin thc v AT91SAM9260. V lp trnh cho h thng nhng khng t nng kin thc v cu trc ca vi x l. Nn trong phn ny ch trnh by nhng kin thc cn thit cho qu trnh s dng kit sau ny nh: s chn ca AT91SAM9260, ngun cung cp cho AT91SAM9260, bn qun l vng nh ca AT91SAM9260.

Trong vi iu khin c tch hp nhiu module ngoi vi khc nhau, kin thc v tng module s c trnh by trong mi bi th nghim vi cc thit b ngoi vi khc nhau.

I. H vi iu khin ARM: Cu trc ARM (vit tt t tn gc l Acorn RISC Machine) l mt loi cu trc vi x

l 32bit kiu RISC c s dng rng ri trong cc thit k nhng. Do c c im tit kim nng lng, cc b CPU ARM chim u th trong cc sn phm in t di ng, m vi cc sn phm ny vic tiu tn cng sut thp l mt mc tiu thit k quan trng hng u.

Ngy nay, hn 75% CPU nhng 32bit l thuc h ARM, iu ny khin ARM tr thnh cu trc 32bit c sn xut nhiu nht trn th gii. CPU ARM c tm thy khp ni trong cc sn phm thng mi in t, t thit b cm tay (PDA, in thoi di ng, my a phng tin, my tr chi cm tay, v my tnh cm tay) cho n cc thit b ngoi vi my tnh ( a cng, b nh tuyn bn.) Mt nhnh ni ting ca h ARM l cc vi x l Xscale ca Intel.

Vic thit k ARM c bt u t nm 1983 trong mt d n pht trin ca cng ty my tnh Acorn.

Nhm thit k, dn u bi Roger Wilson v Steve Furber, bt u pht trin mt b vi x l c nhiu im tng ng vi K thut MOS 6502 tin tin. Acorn tng sn xut nhiu my tnh da trn 6502, v vy vic to ra mt chip nh vy l mt bc tin ng k ca cng ty ny.

Nhm thit k hon thnh vic pht trin mu gi l ARM1 vo nm 1985, v vo nm sau, nhm hon thnh sn phm thcgi l ARM2. ARM2 c tuyn d liu 32bit, khng gian a ch 26bit tc cho php qun l n 64 Mbyte a ch v 16 thanh ghi 32bit. Mt trong nhng thanh ghi ny ng vai tr l b m chng trnh vi 6 bit cao nht v 2 bit thp nht lu gi cc c trng thi ca b vi x l.

C th ni ARM2 l b vi x l 32bit kh dng n gin nht trn th gii, vi ch gm 30.000 transistor (so vi b vi x l lu hn bn nm ca Motorola l 68000 vi khong 68.000 transistor). S n gin nh vy c c nh ARM khng c vi chng trnh (m chim khong 1/4 n 1/3 trong 68000) v cng ging nh hu ht cc CPU vo thi , khng h cha cache. S n gin ny a n c im tiu th cng sut thp ca ARM. Th h sau ARM3 c to ra vi 4KB cache v c chc nng c ci thin tt hn na.

Vo nhng nm cui thp nin 80, hng my tnh Apple Computer bt u hp tc vi Acorn pht trin cc th h li ARM mi . Cng vic ny tr nn quan trng n ni Acorn nng nhm thit k tr thnh mt cng ty mi gi l Advanced RISC Machines. V l do bn thng c gii thch ARM l ch vit tt ca Advanced RISC

Machines thay v Acorn RISC Machine. Advanced RISC Machines tr thnh cng ty ARM Limited khi cng ty ny c a ra sn chng khon London v NASDAQ nm 1998.

Kt qu s hp tc ny l ARM6. Mu u tin c cng b vo nm 1991 v Apple s dng b vi x l ARM 610 da trn ARM6 lm c s cho PDA hiu Apple Newton. Vo nm 1994, Acorn dng ARM 610 lm CPU trong cc my vi tnh RiscPC ca h.

Tri qua nhiu th h nhng li ARM gn nh khng thay i kch thc. ARM2 c 30.000 transistors trong khi ARM6 ch tng ln n 35.000. tng ca nh sn xut li ARM l sao cho ngi s dng c th ghp li ARM vi mt s b phn ty chn no to ra mt CPU hon chnh, mt loi CPU m c th to ra trn nhng nh my sn xut bn dn c v vn tip tc to ra c sn phm vi nhiu tnh nng m gi thnh vn thp.

Th h thnh cng nht c l l ARM7TDMI vi hng trm triu li c s dng trong cc my in thoi di ng, h thng video game cm tay, v Sega Dreamcast. Trong khi cng ty ARM ch tp trung vo vic bn li IP, cng c mt s giy php to ra b vi iu khin da trn li ny.

Dreamcast a ra b vi x l SH4 m ch mn mt s tng t ARM (tiu tn cng sut thp, tp lnh gn ) nhng phn cn li th khc vi ARM. Dreamcast cng to ra mt chip x l m thanh c thit k bi Yamaha vi li ARM7. Bn cnh , Gameboy Advance ca Nintendo, dng ARM7 TDMI tn s 16,78 MHz.

Hng DEC cng bn giy php v li cu trc ARM (i khi chng ta c th b nhm ln v h cng sn xut ra DEC Alpha) v sn xut ra th h Strong ARM. Hot ng tn s 233 MHz m CPU ny ch tiu tn khong 1 watt cng sut (nhng i sau cn tiu tn t cng sut hn na). Sau nhng kin tng, Intel cng c chp nhn sn xut ARM v Intel nm ly c hi ny b sung vo th h gi ci i960 ca h bng Strong ARM. T , Intel pht trin cho chnh h mt sn phm chc nng cao gi tn l Xscale.

Bng 2.1: Cc h vi x l ARM

H Li Tc x l ti a (MHz)

Kin trc

ARM7TDMI

ARM7TDMIS 16.8 MHz

V4T ARM710T 40 MHz

ARM720T 59.8 MHz

ARM740T

ARM7EJS

ARM9TDMI

ARM9TDMI

V4T ARM920T 180 MHz

ARM922T

ARM940T

ARM9E

ARM946ES

V5TE

V

V5TEJ

ARM966ES

ARM968ES

ARM926EJS 180 MHz

ARM996HS

ARM10E

ARM1020E V5TE

V

V5TEJ

ARM1022E

ARM1026EJS

ARM11

ARM1136J(F)S V6

ARM1156T2(F)S V6T2

ARM1176JZ(F)S V6Z

ARM11 MPCore V6

Cortex

CortexA8 1 GHz V7A

CortexR4 600 MHz V7M

CortexM3 100MHz V7R

XScale

80200/IOP310/IOP315

80219

IOP321

IOP33x

PXA210/PXA250

PXA255 400 MHz

PXA26x

PXA27x 624 MHz

PXA800(E)F

Monahans 1.25 GHz

PXA900

IXC1100

IXP2400/IXP2800

IXP2850

IXP2325/IXP2350

IXP42x

IXP460/IXP465

t c mt thit k gn, n gin v nhanh, cc nh thit k ARM xy dng n theo kiu ni cng khng c vi chng trnh, ging vi b vi x l 8bit 6502 tng c dng trong cc my vi tnh trc ca hng Acorn.

Cu trc ARM bao gm cc c tnh ca RISC nh sau: Cu trc np/lu tr. Khng cho php truy xut b nh khng thng hng (by gi cho php trong li

Arm v6).

Tp lnh trc giao. File thanh ghi ln gm 1632bit. Chiu di m my c nh l 32 bit d gii m v thc hin pipeline, t

c iu ny phi chp nhn gim mt m my. Hu ht cc lnh u thc hin trong vng mt chu k n. So vi cc b vi x l cng thi nh Intel 80286 v Motorola 68020, trong ARM c

mt s tnh cht kh c o nh sau: Hu ht tt c cc lnh u cho php thc thi c iu kin, iu ny lm gim vic

phi vit cc tiu r nhnh cng nh b cho vic khng c mt b d on r nhnh.

Trong cc lnh s hc, ch ra iu kin thc hin, ngi lp trnh ch cn sa m iu kin.

C mt thanh ghi dch ng thng 32bit m c th s dng vi chc nng hon ho vi hu ht cc lnh s hc v vic tnh ton a ch.

C cc kiu nh a ch theo ch s rt mnh. C h thng con thc hin ngt hai mc u tin n gin nhng rt nhanh, km

theo cho php chuyn tng nhm thanh ghi. II. Vi iu khin AT91SAM9260:

1. c im chnh: AT91SAM9260 c li l b vi x l ARM926EJS thuc h ARM9E h tr tp lnh

Thumb (tp lnh nn t 32 bit xung 16 bit) v ARM v c th hot ng vi tc 180Mhz.

- B nh: Giao din bus 32 bit h tr 4 bank SDRAM, b nh tnh, CompactFlash,

NandFlash.

C 2 SRAM c tch hp bn trong chp hot ng tc cao. Mi SRAM c dung lng 4 Kbyte.

C 1 ROM bn trong chp c dung lng 32 Kbyte cha chng trnh h thng phc v cho vic khi ng h thng nhng do nh sn np sn,

- Ngoi vi: Bn trong chip tch hp 4 knh ADC 10 bit. C 2 b truyn d liu khng ng b UART (Universal Asynchronous

Receive/Transmitter)

C 4 b truyn d liu khng ng b/ng b USART (Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receive/Transmitter).

Mt giao din truyn nhn d liu theo chun I2C (chun hai dy). Mt b iu khin ni tip ng b. Hai giao tip SPI h tr hai ch Master/Slaver. Mt giao din SD/MMC (dng c th nh). Mt b iu khin 10/100 Mbps Ethernet MAC. Mt b iu khin truyn nhn USB v mt b truyn nhn USB Device. Ba b Timer/Counter.

- H thng:

C 22 knh DMA (Direction Memory Access). Khi ng t NAND Flash, SDCard, DataFlash hoc Serial DataFlash. C b iu khin Reset. Ma trn bus AHB 6 lp 32 bit hot ng tn s 90Mhz. Mt PLL (b nhn tn s) cho h thng v mt cho USB. Hai tn hiu xung ng b ngoi c th lp trnh c. C b iu khin ngt cao cp v sa li. Tch hp b dao ng ni RC. Cho php chn tn s tit kim nng lng 32,768 Khz v b dao ng chnh 3

n 20 Mhz. Cho php ci t ch timer, watchdog timer, realtime timer. Khi xut nhp: Ba b iu khin Input/Output song song 32 bit. C 96 ng Input/Output a mc ch. 2. S chn ca AT91SAM9260:

- AT91SAM9260 c b ngoi hnh vung, c hai dng s chn: mt dng 208 chn v mt dng 217 chn.

- Dng 208 chn: Cc chn c a ra xung quanh ca gi nha bc li v c t tn theo s t 1 n 208. Hnh dng c minh ha nh sau:

Hnh 2.1: S chn ca AT91SAM9260 208 chn

- Dng 217 chn: cc chn c a ra pha di ca gi nha bc li. Hnh dng c minh ha nh sau:

Hnh 2.2: S chn ca A91SAM9260 217 chn

V tr ca cc chn ny c xc nh bng cch ghp cc ch ci ca hng vi cc s ca ct v chn gn vi chm en lm du trn thn ca chp l chn A1.

V s lng chn ca chip rt ln nn trong gio trnh ny khng trnh by c th chc nng ca tng chn. Nu ngi hc mun tm hiu thm v s chn ca AT92SAM9260 th c th tham kho Datasheet ca AT91SAM9260.

3. Ngun cp cho AT91SAM9260: c tnh tit kim nng lng l mt trong nhng th mnh ca h vi x l ARM.

tit kim c nng lng, bn cnh mt kin trc li tit kim nng lng th vi iu khin cn c thit k c nhiu ngun cp vi cc mc in p khc nhau.

AT91SAM9260 cn c hai ngun cp vi cc mc in p 1,8V v 3,3V. Hai ngun cp ny c cung cp ti cc chn ngun ca chp c th cp ngun cho tng modun tch hp trong chip. C th nh sau:

- Chn VDDCORE: chn ny cp ngun nui li vi x l vi in p l 1,8V. - Chn VDDIOM: cung cp ngun cho b giao tip Input/Output m rng. in p

cp n chn ny l 1,8 V hoc 3,3 V c chn bi phn mm. - Chn VDDIOP0: cung cp cho b giao tip Input/Output ngoi vi (USB, Micro SD)

vi in p 3,3V. - Chn VDDBU: cung cp in p cho b dao ng chm (dao ng ni RC v thch

anh 32,768 Khz) vi in p 1,8V. - Chn VDDPLL: cung cp in p cho b dao ng chnh v b nhn tn s vi in

p l 1,8V.

- Chn VDDANA: cung cp in p cho b ADC vi in p 3,3V. 4. Bng vng nh ca AT91SAM9260:

AT91SAM9260 c th qun l mt vng nh ln n 4Gbyte a ch, vng nh ny c phn thnh 16 bank vi mi bank l 256Mbyte a ch. Mi bank ny s qun l b

nh ca mt thit b nh nht nh hoc mt vng nh nht nh. Mc d thit b nh hoc vng nh khng cha d liu hoc khng ng dng trong h thng, nhng AT91SAM9260 vn dnh vng nh cho thit b nh hoc vng nh ca n. C th s c trnh by trong hnh sau:

Theo hnh trn th chng ta c th thy bng vng nh ca AT91SAM9260 c chia ra thnh nhiu bank qun l. Bank trn cng l bank 0, tip theo l bank 1, cho

Hnh 2.3: Bng qun l vng nh ca AT91SAM9260

n cui cng l bank 15. Cc a ch nm bn tri cc ct chnh l cc a ch vt l. Bn phi cc ct l dung lng ca vng nh tng ng.

Chng ta c th thy rng mi thit b nh hoc vng nh u c vi x l qun l trong mt khong a ch nht nh. Nu thit b nh c qun l bi bank 1 th nh u tin ca thit b nh (c a ch l 0x0000000) s c vi x l c vi a ch l 0x10000000 , nh th hai (c a ch 0x00000001) s c c vi a ch l 0x10000001. Tng t th nh cui cng ca thit b nh (c a ch 0x0FFFFFFF) c vi x l c vi a ch l 0x1FFFFFFF. Nh vy, chng ta c th thy a ch thc t ca nh c vi x l c vi mt a ch hon ton khc. thun tin cho vic tm hiu sau ny v trnh nhm ln v a ch chng ta s tm hiu v cc loi a ch:

a ch vt l: l a ch m vi x l gn cho vng nh cn c qun l. Theo hnh trn th a ch vt l chnh l cc a ch nm bn tri cc ct.

a ch on: l a ch vt l ti nh u tin ca vng nh. Theo hnh trn th a ch on ca bank 1 l 0x10000000.

a ch offset: l khong cch tnh t nh ang xt n a ch on. Nh vy a ch offset c th hiu l a ch thc t ca thit b nh. a ch offset ca nh th nht ca thit b nh l 0x00000000, ca nh th hai l 0x00000001 v ca nh cui cng l 0x0FFFFFFF.

Bank 0 dng qun l b nh ni ca ca vi x l. ROM c qun l vi a ch vt l t 0x00100000 n 0x00108000 vi dung lng l 32Kbyte. Tng t vng nh SRAM0 cng c qun l t 0x00200000 n 0x00201000 , cc vng nh reserved l cc vng nh d tr.

T Bank 1 n bank 8 dng qun l cc thit b nh bn ngoi. C th, bank 2 qun l SDRAMC vi chn chn chip l NCS1. Bank 4 qun l NandFlash vi chn chn chip l NCS3/NANDCS. Khi vi x l truy cp cc thit b nh ny th vi x l s a tn hiu chn vng nh ra cc chn NCS0 n NCS7 chn chip tng ng.

Bank 15 qun l qun l vng nh ca cc thit b ngoi vi. Cc vng nh c mu m l cc vng nh d tr hoc l cha s dng n. III. Kt lun: AT91SAM9260 l mt vi x l c tc hot ng cao 180 Mhz, nhiu ngoi vi, tit

kim nng lng. Vi iu khin ny s dng hai ngun in p l 1,8V v 3,3V cho cc modun khc nhau. Ngoi ra vi iu khin ny c th qun l mt vng nh ln n 4Gbyte v c chia thnh nhiu vng qun l ng vi cc vng nh khc nhau.

Nh vy, sau khi c xong chng ny ngi hc c mt nn kin thc v vi iu khin AT91SAM9260. Cc kin thc ny s b tr cho qu trnh lp trnh ng dng sau ny ca ngi hc.

BI 2

MT S THAO TC C BN TRN H IU HNH LINUX.

A- TNG QUAN V LINUX H iu hnh Linux l mt h iu hnh m ngun m v cn kh non tr so vi h

iu hnh Window. Nhng vi nhng u im ca mnh: min ph, linh hot, uyn chuyn, an ton cao, thng nht trn cc h thng phn cng, m ngun m Linux pht trin mnh m, a dng v chim c s tin tng ca cc lp trnh vin.

Cc h thng nhng hin nay a s chy trn h iu hnh Linux. V vy mun ng dng c h thng nhng th iu tin quyt l ngi dng phi bit s dng h iu hnh Linux.

Phn ny s trnh by v cc khi nim v phn vng a, cch truy xut a trong Linux, gii thiu cc th mc h thng, mng hnh terminal, tp lnh c bn ca h iu hnh Linux. y l cc kin thc c bn u tin ngi hc cn c bc vo th gii k diu ca Linux.

I. Qun l b nh trong Linux: 1. Phn vng a:

Trong cc my vi tnh hin nay, a cng l thit b lu tr c s dng ph bin nht. a cng l mt loi a t, ra i sau a mm, c dung lng ln 32GB, 80GB v vi k thut tin tin nh hin nay th dung lng ca a cng t n n v TB.

V dung lng ca a cng ln nn thun li trong vic qun l ni dung lu trn a, ng thi tng hiu sut s dng a cng th a cng s c chia thnh nhiu phn vng hay cn gi l Partition. C hai loi Partition l Primary Partition v Extended Partition.

Primary Partition l phn vng chnh, phn vng ny thng c dng ci h iu hnh. Theo nguyn tc th trn mt a cng ta chia c ti a l 4 Primary Patition. Nh vy vi mt a cng th ta ch c th ci ti a l 4 h iu hnh.

Lu rng : ta khng th chia Primary Partition thnh cc phn vng nh hn v Primary Partition ngoi vic dng ci t h iu hnh th ta c th dng Primary Partition lu tr d liu.

Extended Partition l phn vng m rng. Thc ra Extended Partition ging nh Primary Partition, nhng vi Extended Partition ta c th chia thnh nhiu phn vng nh

hn bn trong Extended Partition v c gi l Logical Partition ( Phn vng logic). Extended Partition thng dng lu tr d liu ca ngi dng.

Hnh 2.4 : Phn vng ca a cng Hnh trn minh ha cho vic phn vng cc Partition trn mt a cng 60G. - Theo hnh trn, phn vng mu xanh dng 15G v mu xanh l cy 15G l cc

Primary Partition. Hai phn vng ny cha h iu hnh. Mi Primary Partition ch c cha mt h iu hnh, hai h iu hnh c th tn ti trn cng mt a cng nu chng c ci t trn hai Primary Partition khc nhau v dung lng a cho php.

- Phn vng mu trng 25G l Extended Partition thng c dng lu tr d liu ca ngi dng. Phn vng ny c chia thnh 4 phn vng nh khc l cc Logical Partition c dung lng ln lc l 10G, 5G, 5G, 5G.

- Phn vng mu xanh l l vng a cha c phn vng. Thng thng i vi cc phn vng ny th h thng mc nh l Extended Partition.

- Nh vy i vi a cng trn th ta c 2 Primary Partition, 2 Extended Partition, 4 Logical Partition.

Mc d ta chia a cng thnh cc phn vng, nhng khi ci h iu hnh ln a cng th mi h iu hnh li nhn din v truy xut cc phn vng ny theo cch khc nhau. V d : h iu hnh Window th nhn din cc phn vng ny l cc a (a C l Primary Partition, a D,E, l cc Logical Partition) v truy xut phn vng ny thng qua cc a ny. Cn i vi h iu hnh Linux th nhn din cc phn vng ny l cc tp tin v vic truy xut cc phn vng ny cng thng qua cc tp tin ny.

Kit KM9260 s dng h iu hnh Linux, nn trong gio trnh ny ch cp n cch nhn din v truy xut phn vng trn a cng ca Linux.

15G

Window XP

10 G

5 G 5 G 5G

15G Linux

PrimaryPartitionExtendedPartition

LogicalPartition

Cha phn vng

2. Phn vng ca Linux : Nh ni trn, Linux nhn din tt c cc loi a v thit b l cc tp tin nn

vic truy xut cc a v thit b cng thng qua cc tp tin ny. i vi a mm v cc phn vng ca a cng Linux quy c cch t tn nh

sau : a mm th nht l fd0, a mm th hai l fd1. a cng th nht l hda, a cng th hai l hdb .Nu c dng USB th l sda, sdb, sdc, .Cc phn vng chnh (Primary Partition hay Extended Partition) c nh s t 1 n 4. Cc phn vng Logical Partition c nh s t 5 tr ln.

V d: hda1 l phn vng chnh ca a cng th nht, hda2 l phn vng m rng ca a cng th nht. Cn hda5, hda6, hda7 l cc phn vng Logical Partition trong Extended Partition.

Cc tp tin truy xut phn vng ny thng c Linux lu trong th mc /dev. Chng ta lu n k t / trong Linux. Linux quy c k hiu / l Primary Partition ca h thng, l phn vng cha nhn h iu hnh Linux. Tt c cc ng dn trong Linux u phi c bt u bi k hiu ny. Nh vy, cc tp tin truy xut phn vng v a nm trong th mc /dev c ngha l th mc dev nm trong Primary Partition, cc tp tin fd0, fd1, , hda0, hda1 nm trong th mc dev nhng khi truy xut cc tp tin ny l ta truy xut cc phn vng tng ng trn a cng ch khng phi ch truy xut Primary Partition. K hiu / cn c dng lm du phn cch th mc. V d: ta c ng dn: /home/Nhan/Kernel. Theo ng dn ny ta thy th mc home nm trong th mc gc (Primary Partition) v trong th mc home c th mc Nhan, trong th mc Nhan c th mc Kernel. phn cch gia cc th mc ta dng k hiu /.

3. Cch truy xut a trong Linux: Trong Linux khng c khi nim a nh trong Window. Nn vic truy xut cc

phn vng Linux s dng php gn (mount) tn a vi tn mt th mc bt k. Khi khi ng h iu hnh, Linux gn cho phn vng chnh (Primary Partition) k

hiu /, cc thng tin ca phn vng khc c Linux t vo trong th mc /dev ca phn vng chnh. Nu mun truy xut cc phn vng ny th ta thc hin thao tc kt gn bng lnh mount.

V d: Trong th mc /dev c cc tp tin:

fd0: mm th nht hda1: Primary Partition

hda5, hda6, hda7: Logical Partition th nht, th hai, th 3 nm trong Extended Partition.

Trong th mc /home c cc th mc: diamem

odiachinh

odiaphu1

odiaphu2

odiaphu3

Mun truy xut cc phn vng v a th ta phi dng lnh sau: mount /dev/fd0 /home/diamem

mount /dev/hda1 /home/odiachinh

mount /dev/hda5 /home/odiaphu1



Lc ny cc thao tc sao chp, ct, dn file vo trong cc th mc diamem, odiachinh, odiaphu1, odiaphu2, odiaphu3 cng tng dng vi vic truy xut d liu tng ng vo a mm, Primary Partition v cc Logical Partition.

Khi khng mun s dng phn vng na ta c th dng lnh umount tho kt gn:

umount diamem

umount odiachinh

umount odiaphu1

umount odiaphu2

umount odiaphu3

4. Cc th mc trn Linux: Khi ci t h iu hnh xong th ta s thy trong Primary Partition c rt nhiu th

mc. Cc th mc ny c cc chc nng v mc ch s dng nht nh. C bn mt h thng Linux thng c cc th mc sau:

/bin: Th mc ny cha cc file chng trnh thc thi (dng nh phn) v file khi ng ca h thng. /boot: Cc file nh (image file) ca kernel dng cho qu trnh khi ng thng t trong th mc ny. /dev: Th mc ny cha cc file thit b. Trong th gii Linux cc thit b phn cng c xem nh l cc file.

/ect: Th mc ny cha cc file cu hnh ton cc ca h thng. C th c nhiu th mc con trong th mc ny nhng nhn chung chng ch cc file script khi ng hay phc v cho mc ch cu hnh chng trnh trc khi chy. /home: Th mc ny cha cc th mc con i din cho mi user khi ng nhp. Ni y ta nh ngi nh ca ngi dng. Khi ngi qun tr to ti khon cho bn, h cp cho bn mt th mc con trong /home. Bn hon ton c quyn sao chp, xa file, to th mc con trong th mc home ca mnh m khng nh hng n cc ngi dng khc. /lib: Th mc ny cha cc file th vin .so hoc .sa. Cc th vin C v cc th vin lin kt ng cn cho chng trnh khi chy v cho ton h thng. /lostfound: Khi h thng khi ng hoc khi chy chng trnh fsck, nu tm thy mt chui d liu no b tht lc trn a cng khng lin quan n tp tin, Linux s gp chng li v t trong th mc ny nu cn bn c th c v gi li d liu b mt. /mnt: Th mc ny cha cc th mc kt gn tm thi n cc a hay thit b khc. Bn c th thy trong /mnt cc th mc con nh cdrom hoc floppy. /sbin: Th mc ny cha cc file hay chng trnh thc thi ca h thng thng ch cho php s dng bi ngi qun tr. /tmp: Th mc ny cha cc file tm m chng trnh s dng ch trong qu trnh chy. Cc file trong th mc ny s c h thng dn dp nu khng cn dng n na. /usr: Th mc ny cha rt nhiu th mc con nh /usr/bin hay /usr/sbin. Mt trong nhng th mc con quan trng trong /usr l /usr/local, bn trong th mc local ny bn c cc th mc con tng t ngoi th mc gc nh sbin, lib, bin,. Nu bn nng cp h thng th cc chng trnh bn ci t trong usr/local vn gi nguyn v bn khng s chng trnh b mt mt. Hu ht cc ng dng Linux u thch ci chng trnh vo trong /usr/local. /var: Th mc ny cha cc file bin thin bt thng nh cc file d liu t nhin tng kch thc trong mt thi gian ngn sau li gim kch thc xung cn rt nh. in hnh l cc file dng lm hm i cha d liu cn a ra my in hoc cc hng i cha mail. /usr/include hoc /usr/local/include: cha cc file khai bo hm (header) cn dng khi bin dch chng trnh ngun s dng cc th vin ca h thng. /usr/src: Cha m ngun.

/usr/man: Cha ti liu hng dn. II. Mn hnh terminal:

Ngy nay vi s pht trin hin i ca cng ngh sn xut chp v s tin b trong vic lp trnh h diu hnh th chng ta rt l quen thuc vi cc h iu hnh c h tr ha nh Window XP, Window 7, Linux Ubutu. Vi chc nng h tr ha ca mnh, cc h iu hnh ny gip cho ngi s dng thun tin trong vic thc hin cc thao tc (ch cn dng chut thc hin lnh) v to ra giao din tng tc thn thin i vi ngi dng. Ngi dng khng cn phi bit tp lnh ca h iu hnh m ch cn bit thao tc thc hin. V d: sao chp mt tp tin trong Ubutu, ngi dng khng cn phi bit lnh sao chp ca h iu hnh l g, m ch cn bit tho tc sao chp file l c: click chut phi vo file, chn copy, sau n vng cn copy ti, click chut phi v chn past into folder.

Tuy nhin trong thc t khng phi h iu hnh no cng c h tr ha v khng phi h thng no nhng no cng c h tr ha. V vy m hu ht cc h iu hnh hin nay vn cn gi phng thc giao tip vi ngi s dng thng qua cc dng lnh. Tn ti song song vi phng thc giao tip qua ha, phng thc giao tip thng qua cc dng lnh pht huy tc dng trong cc h thng nhng nh KIT KM9260, cc trng hp s c m chc nng ha khng th hot ng c.

Trong Linux Ubutu hay cc phin bn Linux c h tr ha th phng thc giao tip thng qua cc dng lnh c thc hin trn mn hnh Terminal

Hnh 2.5: Mn hnh Terminal ca Linux

KIT KM9260 s dng h iu hnh Linux khng c h tr ha, v vy m vic giao tip thng qua cc dng lnh l ht sc quang trng. Khi khi ng th mn hnh Terminal ca Linux s t ng c kch hot.

III. Tp lnh c bn ca Linux: Nhm lnh h thng: Lnh C php Chc nng

ls ls Lit k ni dung tp tin th mc find find Tm file

cp cp file1 file2 Sao chp file

cat cat >

cat

To file vn bn mi Hin th ni dung file

vi vi Son tho ni dung file man man Hng dn v lnh mv mv file1 file2 i tn file, th mc, di chuyn file rm rm file

rm r Xa file

Xa cy th mc mkdir mkdir To th mc mi rmdir rmdir Xa th mc rng clear clear Xa mn hnh

cd cd Di chuyn n th mc khc chmod chmod i thuc tnh file, th mc uname uname r Xem phin bn ca h iu hnh pwd pwd Xem ng dn th mc hin hnh ps ps Xem thng tin v tin trnh kill kill Hy tin trnh gunzip gunzip Gii nn file gzip gzip Nn file

tar tar Nn v gii nn file env env Xem thng tin v bin mi trng export export =

Thit lp bin mi trng

echo echo In chui ra mn hnh

df df Xem dung lng a fsck fsck Kim tra a v h thng file Bng 2.2: Cc lnh h thng ca Linux Nhm lnh qun l ti khon ng nhp:

Lnh C php Chc nng Useradd user Thm ti khon ngi dng Userdel userdel Xa ti khon ngi dng Groupadd groupadd To nhm mi Groupdel groupdel Xa nhm

Bng 2.3: Cc lnh qun l ti khon ca Linux Cch s dng chi tit cc lnh ny s c trnh by k trong phn tip theo l: cc

thao tc c bn trn h iu hnh Linux. IV. Kt lun:

Linux qun l cc vng nh bng cc tp tin trong th mc /dev. Ngi dng truy xut cc vng nh ny bng cch kt gn cc tp tin ny vi th mc bt k trong Linux.

Trong Linux chng ta thao tc cc lnh thng qua mn hnh terminal hoc chng trnh giao din X-Window. Nhng thao tc lnh thng qua mn hnh terminal c s dng nhiu hn i vi cc h thng nhng khng h tr ha nh Kit nhng KM9260..

Nh vy, sau khi c xong phn ny ngi hc phn no c khi nim v h iu hnh Linux. Cc kin thc ny s l nn tn cho ngi hc trong nhng phn sau. Trong phn tip theo chng ta s tm hiu k hn v cc lnh trong Linux.

A- CC THAO TC C BN Nh nu trong phn trc, ngi dng thng thao tc vi h iu hnh Linux

trn cc Kit nhng thng qua mn hnh terminal bng cch ra lnh cho h iu hnh. V vy dng c Linux th chng ta phi bit c cc lnh trong Linux.

Trong phn ny s trnh by cc lnh ca Linux h tr cho cc thao tc c bn nh: lit k th mc tp tin, to, xa th mc tp tin, sao chp th mc tp tin, di chuyn v i tn th mc tp tin, kt gn a, thay i th mc hin hnh, v mt s lnh ca h thng..

I. Ni dung: 1. Khi ng li (reset) h thng v tt h thng: - khi ng li h thng ta dng lnh:

$ reset - tt h thng ta dng lnh:

$ poweroff 2. S dng ti liu hng dn man: Man l mt chng trnh c sn trong Linux c chc nng d tm cc thng tin m

bn ng nhp vo t dng lnh (gi l kha hay keyword). Nu tm thy, ni dung chi tit m t v kha hoc nhng thng tin lin quan n kha s c hin th y bn tham kho.

- Bn c th gi trnh man theo c php sau: /$ man

- thot khi ti liu man chng ta c th g q v nhn Enter V d: tm hiu v ni dung v cch s dng lnh ls chng ta g

/$ man ls

Khi ti liu man v lnh ls s hin ra

Hnh 2.6: Trnh man hng dn lnh ls

- Trong ti liu man s lit k tn, c php, chc nng ca lnh m ta cn tm. Ngoi ra, ti liu man cn lit k ra cc tham s c th i cng vi lnh.

V d: nh lnh ls th ta c th thy ti liu man lit k ra hai tham s l a v A. Nu chng ta dng lnh /$ ls a

Th chng trnh s lit k tt c tp tin v th mc c trong th mc gc v hai du . v .. . Cn nu ta dng lnh /$ ls A

Th chng trnh s lit k tt c cc tp tin v th mc c trong th mc gc nhng s khng lit k hai du . v ..

- Trnh man phn cc hng dn ra lm thnh tng on (session) vi nhng ch khc nhau gm:

Mc Tn mc Ni dung 1 User command Cc lnh thng thng ca h iu hnh 2 System call Cc hm kernel ca h thng 3 Subroutines Cc hm th vin 4 Devices Cc hm truy xut v x l file thit b 5 File format Cc hm nh dng file 6 Games Cc lnh lin quan n tr chi 7 Miscell Cc hm linh tinh

8 Sys. Admin Cc lnh qun tr h thng

Bng 2.4: Cc nhm lnh trnh man h tr Thng thng nu chng ta gi man v khng ch nh thm g c ngoi t kha cn

tm th man s tm t kha trong phn on 1 (user command). Tuy nhin chng ta c th yu cu man tm trong mt phn on khc. V d t kha printf va l mt lnh ca h iu hnh va l mt hm ca C. Nu chng ta mun tm printf lin quan n h iu hnh (user command) chng ta s g:

/$ man printf

Hoc /$ man 1 printf

Khi trnh man s lit k thng tin ca lnh printf lin quan n h iu hnh nh sau:

Hnh 2.7: Trnh man hng dn lnh printf ca h iu hnh

Cn nu chng ta g: /$ man 3 printf

Th man s lit k cc thng tin ca printf lin quan n hm th vin C nh sau :

Hnh 2.8: Trnh man hng dn lnh printf trong lnh C

3. Lit k th mc tp tin: - lit k th mc con v tp tin trong mt th mc th ta dng lnh ls. C php

ca lnh ls nh sau : /$ ls

- Ngoi ra lnh ls cn c h tr thm tham s : /$ ls l ( lit k cc th mc con v tp tin theo dng danh sch chi tit)

Hnh 2.9: Lnh ls lit k th mc tp tin

4. To v xa th mc tp tin: - to th mc ta dng lnh mkdir

/$ mkdir - xa th mc th ta dng lnh rmdir

/$ rmdir

V d: ang ng a gc, to th mc /home/nhan/kernel, sau xa ln lc th mc kernel v nhan. Trc tin l ta phi to th mc nhan trong th mc home. V th mc home l th mc c sn trong Linux nn ta khng cn phi to li na. Sau ta to th mc kernel nm trong th mc nhan v xa hai th mc va to. Trnh t dng lnh nh sau :

/$ mkdir /home/nhan

/$ mkdir /home/nhan/kernel

/$ rmdir /home/nhan/kernel

/$rmdir /home/nhan

- to ra mt tp tin th ta dng lnh cat /$ cat >

- xa mt tp tin th ta dng lnh rm /$ rm

- xem ni dung mt tp tin th ta dng /$ cat < ng dn v tn tp tin mun xem>

V d : ng th mc gc to mt tp tin /home/nhan/app/test1, sau xa tp tin ny. Th t dng lnh nh sau :

/$ mkdir /home/nhan

/$mkdir /home/nhan/app

/$ cat > /home/nhan/app/test1

Lc ny chng ta c th nhp ni dung cho tp tin test1. Nu mun thot khi tp tin th ta nhn CtrlD - xem nt dung ca tp tin va to th ta dng

/$ cat /home/nhan/app/test1

Ta xa tp tin test1 /$ rm /home/nhan/app/test1

Lu : trong qu trnh to th mc v tp tin th chng ta c th dng lnh ls kim tra xem tp tin hay th mc c to hay cha. 5. Kt gn a v th mc: Nh ni cc phn trc, truy xut c cc thit b lu tr hoc cc phn

vng th chng ta phi kt gn thit b lu tr hay phn vng ny vi file tng ng trong Linux. lm c vic ny th ta dng lnh mount.

- Lnh mount c c php nh sau:

/$ mount t vfstype devicefile mdir

Trong , devicefile l ng dn n file m Linux nhn din thit b. Ty chn -t s kt gn theo kiu h thng file trn thit b do vfstype qui nh. mdir l ng dn kt ni vo h thng th mc ca Linux. Hin nay Linux c th c c rt nhiu h thng file, vsftype c th bao gm nhng kiu h thng file thng dng sau :

Msdos : h thng file v th mc theo bng FAT16, FAT32 ca DOS Ntfs: nh dng h thng file NTFS ca Window NT Ext2: nh dng h thng file chun ca Linux v Unix Nfs: nh dng h thng file truy xut qua mng Iso9660: h thn file theo chun ISO - tho kt gn ta dng lnh umount:

/$ umount mdir

V d1: kt gn a A trong Linux c cc file theo h thng bng FAT ca DOS. Trc tin l ta to th mc kt gn

/$ mkdir /dos

Gi lnh mount kt gn th mc /$ mount t msdos /dev/fd0 /dos

Nu kt gn thnh cng th k t by gi tt c nhng g chng ta ghi vo th mc /dos cng tng ng nh chng ta ghi vo a A. tho kt gn ta dng lnh /$ umount /dos

V d 2 : Kt gn a CD-ROM vo th mc /mycdrom

/$ mkdir /mycdrom

/$ mount t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mycdrom

6. Thay i th mc hin hnh: - Th mc hin hnh l th mc m con tr chng trnh ang . Th mc

hin hnh c xc nh bi th mc trc du $ trn dng lnh. V d:

Nu bt u dng lnh l du /$ th mc hin hnh l th mc gc Nu bt u dng lnh l /home$ th th mc hin hnh l th mc

/home

- thay i th mc hin hnh th ta dng lnh cd. C php lnh cd nh sau:

/$ cd V d: Ta ang th mc hin hnh l th mc gc, ta thay i th mc hin hnh l

/home/nhan, gi s cc th mc c to sn. Ta lm nh sau: /$ cd /home/nhan

/home/nhan$

Ta thy rng phn bt u dng lnh thay i /$ thnh /home/nhan$ ngha l th mc hin hnh c thay i.

thay i th mc hin hnh l home th ta lm nh sau: /home/nhan$ cd /home

Hoc /home/nhan$ cd ..

7. Sao chp tp tin v th mc: - Lnh cp ca Linux dng sao chp file. C php ca lnh cp nh sau :

$ cp

V d : trong th mc /home/nhan/app c tp tin test1, chp tp tin test1 sang th mc /home/nhan/test vi tn test2. Gi s cc th mc c to trc . Th t cc dng lnh nh sau:

/$ cp /home/nhan/app/test1 /home/nhan/test/test2

- Lnh cp cn dng sao chp cy th mc. sao chp cy th mc th ta thm ty chn R vo lnh cp.

V d: sao chp th mc /home/nhan/app sang th mc /home ta lm nh sau: /$ cp R /home/nhan/app /home

Lc ny trong th mc /home c thm th mc app 8. Di chuyn v i tn tp tin, th mc: - Chng ta dng lnh mv di chuyn hoc i tn file. C php lnh mv nh

sau :

/$ mv

V d : Di chuyn file /home/nhan/app/test1 sang th mc /home. Ta lm nh sau: /$ mv /home/nhan/app/test1 /home

Di chuyn file /home/nhan/app/test1 sang th mc /home vi tn test2. Ta lm nh sau:

/$ mv /home/nhan/app/test1 /home/test2

i tn file /home/nhan/app/test1 thnh /home/nhan/app/test3. Ta lm nh sau:

/$ mv /home/nhan/app/test1 /home/nhan/app/test3

- Lnh mv cn dng di chuyn th mc. V d: di chuyn th mc /home/nhan/app ra th mc /home ta lm nh sau:

/$ mv /home/nhan/app/ /home

9. Phn quyn bo v v truy xut trn tp tin: - Mt tp tin hay th mc trong Linux c cc thuc tnh sau:

r: ch cho c w: cho php ghi vo tp tin x: cho php thc thi chng trnh -: khng cho php

- y l cc thuc tnh v quyn truy xut m h iu hnh dng bo v file v th mc. Chng ta c 3 quyn chnh trn mt file hay th mc nh nu trn. Mc d vy cc quyn ny c ch nh cho 3 i tng na l: ngi s hu tp tin (owner), nhm s hu tp tin (group), nhng ngi s dng tp tin thng thng (other user).

- Tm li tp tin ca chng ta c kim sot bi 3 quyn v truy xut bi 3 i tng khc nhau. Khi chng ta dng lnh

/$ ls l

Th Linux s lit k cc thuc tnh ca file v th mc trong th mc gc u cc dng

Hnh 2.10: Lnh ls lit k chi tit th mc tp tin trong th mc gc - Trn thuc tnh phn quyn ca file, i tng c chia thnh 3 nhm t tri

sang phi, mi nhm cha 3 phn quyn y nh sau:

- C u tin cho bit t tnh ca file, thng khng quan trng. Nu l c ngha l tp tin thng thng. Trng hp th mc th chng ta s thy c ny k hiu l d.

- Cn 3 c tip theo l cc thuc tnh tng ng vi 3 nhm. Nu ti v tri ca thuc tnh m c du th c ngha l thuc tnh khng c kch hot cho tp tin hay th mc ny. Cn nu l ch th thuc tnh c kch hot.

- Chng ta c th thay i vic kch hot hay khng kch hot cc thuc tnh ny bng lnh chmod. C php ca lnh chmod nh sau:

/$ chmod V d: ta c th mc /home/nhan c cc file v th mc c lnh

/$ ls l lit k nh sau:

rwxrwxrwx

t tnh file user group Hnh 2.11: thuc tnh phn quyn ca tp tin th mc

Hnh 2.12: V d lnh chmod 1

Ta thy cc th mc s c ch d c u tin cn tp tin test th l du -. Tp tin test khng c thuc tnh x cho nhm user, group, other, thuc tnh w cho nhm group v other. By gi chng ta s thm thuc tnh x cho nhm user nh sau:


By gi ta thm thuc tnh w v x cho nhm group:


Ta c th b kch hot tt c cc thuc tnh ca group nh sau:


10. Nn v gii nn tp tin, th mc: - Trong Linux chng ta c th nn v gii nn cc file nh *.gz, *.bz2, *.tar - nn v gii nn mt file trong Linux chng ta dng lnh tar. - Ta dng lnh tar gii nn file *.bz2 nh sau :

/$ tar -jxvf *.bz2

Trong : tar l tn lnh j l tham s dng khi nn hoc gii nn file *.bz2 x l tham s dng khi gii nn mt file v l tham s yu cu hin chi tit cc thng tin trong qu trnh nn hay gii nn file

f c tc dng ch nh file cn gii nn hay cn nn l *.bz2 cui dng lnh. *.bz2 l file chng ta cn nn hoc gii nn.

- Ta dng lnh tar gii nn file *.gz nh sau /$ tar zxvf *.gz

Trong : z l tham s dng khi nn hoc gii nn file *.gz

- Ta dng lnh tar gii nn file *.tar nh sau: /$ tar xvf *.tar

- Ta dng lnh tar xem ni dung mt file *.bz2, *.gz, *.tar nh sau: /$ tar tf

Trong : t l tham s dng khi ta mun xem ni dung file nn.

- Ta dng lnh tar nn file *.bz2 nh sau: /$ tar -jcvf *.bz2

Trong : c l tham s chng ta dng khi nn mt file.

- Ta dng lnh tar nn file *.gz nh sau: /$ tar zcvf *.gz

- Ta dng lnh tar nn file *.tar nh sau : /$ tar cvf *.tar

Hnh 2.16 : Thng bo cng Ethernet khng c kt ni

- kch hot ch truyn Ethernet ta dng lnh : $ ifconfig eth0 up

Khi h thng s thng bo sn sn kt ni

Hnh 2.17 : Thng bo cng Ethernet sn sn

- kim tra h thng c kt ni vi h thng khc hay khng ta dng lnh : $ ping

Nu thy c kt ni th h thng s truyn nhn 64 byte d liu lin tc cho my c kt ni

Hnh 2.18 : H thng truyn nhn 64 byte d liu khi thc hin lnh ping

ngng qu trnh truyn nhn ny chng ta dng t hp phm CtrlC. 13. To mt ti khon ngi dng : - xem chng ta ang ng nhp vi ti khon ngi dng no, chng ta dng

lnh : $ whoami

- Chng ta ch to c ti khon ngi dng khi chng ta hot ng trong ti khong root. to ra mt ti khon mi ta dng lnh :

$ useradd - chuyn sang ti khon ngi dng khc ta dng lnh :

$ su V d : ta to mt ti khon tn user1 v ta chuyn sang ti khong user1, ri ta chuyn sang ti khon root. Ta lm nh sau :

Hnh 2.19 : V d v to ti khon ngi dng

Ta thy trong ti khon user1 ta thc hin lnh ls b li v cc th mc tp trong th mc gc khng cho cc user khc truy cp. Khi quay tr li ti khon root th chng ta phi nhp password l root00. V trong ti khon root th ta thc hin c lnh ls.

14. Cc thao tc vi bin mi trng ca h thng: - H thng Linux c rt nhiu bin mi trng phc v cho qu trnh hot ng

ca h thng. xem cc bin mi trng ca h thng ta dng lnh sau : $ env

- in ni dung ca mt bin mi trng xc nh ra mn hnh ta dng lnh : $ echo $

- ci t bin mi trng ta dng lnh sau : $ export =

- thm ni dung vo bin mi trng ta dng lnh : $ export = $

Sau khi thm ni dung vo bin mi trng chng ta c h dng lnh echo kim tra.

- G b bin mi trng : $ unset

II. Kt lun: H iu hnh Linux h tr cc thao tc c bn v cn thit trong qu trnh ngi

dng tng tc vi h iu hnh. Trong phn ny trnh by hu ht cc lnh cn bn nht cn thit cho ngi hc s dng Linux.

Nh vy, sau khi c xong phn ny th ngi hc cn bn s dng c h iu hnh Linux. Nhng trn y ch l nhng lnh cn bn nht ca h iu hnh Linux, Linux cn c rt nhiu lnh khc m ngi son gio trnh khng th lit k ht c. Tuy nhin cc lnh m c trnh by trong gio trnh ny cng ngi hc thao tc vi Linux trong qu trnh hc sau ny.

B- TRNH SON THO VI Nu chng ta dng h iu hnh Window th chc hn ai cng quen vi trnh

son tho Notepad. Trong Linux cng c trnh son tho c tch hp sn trong cc gi h iu hnh Linux l trnh son tho VI.

Cng ging nh Notepad, trnh son tho VI dng ngi dng son d liu, vit chng trnh v lu li di dng tp tin.

Trong phn ny s hng dn cch s dng trnh son tho VI. I. Gii thiu: VI l chng trnh son tho chun trn cc h iu hnh Unix. N l chng trnh

son tho trc quan, hot ng di 2 ch : Ch lnh (command line) v ch son tho (input mode)

son tho tp tin mi hoc xem, sa cha tp tin c ta dng lnh: /$ vi Khi thc hin, VI s hin ln mn hnh son tho ch lnh. ch lnh, ch

c th s dng cc phm thc hin cc thao tc nh: dch chuyn con tr, lu d liu, m tp tin...Do , bn khng th son tho vn bn.

Nu mun son tho vn bn, bn phi chuyn t ch lnh sang ch son tho. Ch son tho gip bn s dng bn phm son tho ni dung vn bn.

II. Cc lnh thao tc trong VI: 1. Chuyn ch trong VI: - chuyn sang ch son tho chng ta c th dng mt trong hai phm sau

trn bn phm:

i con tr s gi nguyn v tr. a con tr s dch sang phi mt k t.

- chuyn ngc li mode command ta dng phm ESC - thc hin cc lnh trong trnh son tho VI th trnh son tho VI phi ch

lnh 2. Nhm lnh di chuyn con tr :

h sang tri 1 k t e n k t cui cng ca t gn nht bn phi w n k t u tin ca t gn nht bn phi b n k t u tin ca t gn nht bn tri k ln 1 dng

j xung 1 dng ) cui cu ( u cu } u on vn { cui on vn

3. Nhm lnh xa: dw xa 1 t d^ xa k t t con tr n u dng d$ xa k t t con tr n cui dng 3dw xa 3 t dd xa dng hin hnh 5dd xa 5 dng

x xa 1 k t Cc t c cch nhau bi khong trng. 4. Nhm lnh thay th:

cw thay th 1 t 3cw thay th 3 t cc dng hin hnh 5cc 5 dng

5. Nhm lnh copy, past, undo: copy ta dng lng y v paste ta dng lnh p

y$ copy t v tr hin ti ca cursor n cui cng yy copy ton b dng ti v tr cursor 3yy copy 3 dng lin tip u Undo li thao tc trc

6. Thao tc trn tp tin : :x lu v thot khi ch son tho :wq lu v thot khi ch son tho :w lu vo tp tin mi :q thot nu ko c thay i :q! thot khng lu

- Sau khi g cc lnh trn th nhn Enter thc thi lnh.

III. Kt lun: VI l trnh son tho ca Linux, VI c hai ch lm vic l ch lnh v ch

son tho. Cc thao tc trn VI rt khc so vi cc tc ca cc trnh son tho quen thuc nn lm cho ngi dng cm thy kh khn trong vic son tho d liu vi VI.

V tnh phc tp ca trnh son tho VI, nn trong thc t trnh son tho VI ch dng vo mc ch son tho tp tin c ni dung ngn hoc l sa ni dung tp tin trong trng hp cn sa mt cch nhanh chng trong h iu hnh Linux. Cn i vi vic son cc tp tin c ni dung phc tp, di th cc lp trnh vin vn thng dng cc trnh son tho quen thuc ca Window nh Notepad, Wordpad, Microsoft Word,.

Nh vy, trong bi ny chng ta lm quen vi h iu hnh Linux, mt trong nhng h iu hnh c s dng ph bin hin nay. Hiu bit v Linux s to nn tn cho chng ta tm hiu su v h thng nhng.

Trong bi sau chng ta s tm hiu v h thng nhng l kit nhng KM9260.

BI 3

H THNG PHN CNG V PHN MM TRONG KIT NHNG KM926

A- Phn cng h thng nhng trong kit KM9260: Mt h thng nhng bao gm hai phn: phn cng v phn mm. Trong phn

cng l nn tn, l iu kin cn mt h thng nhng c th tn ti. c th s dng c mt h thng nhng th chng ta phi hiu c phn cng ca n

Trong h thng nhng ngoi vi x l l nng ct th bn cnh cn c nhiu kinh kin khc: chp nh, cc thit b ngoi vi, Trong phn ny chng ta s tm hiu phn cng ca Kit KM9260 gm nhng linh kin no, chc nng ca cc linh kin, v tr ca tng linh kin trn board.

V phn cng h thng nhng a s l do cc cng ty sn xut thit k, thi cng nn vi t cch l mt ngi nghin cu s dng th trong gio trnh ny chng ta khng i su vo mch nguyn l ca kit nhng.

Hnh dng ca board Kit KM9260

Hnh 2.20 : Hnh dng kit KM9260

Cc thnh phn trn board bao gm: STT K HIU TN

1 J3 Cng USB (loi A) 2 J7 Cng USB Devices (loi B)

3 U2 MT48LC16M16A2, SDRAM 256Mb (32MB) 133Mhz

4 J17 Kt ni m rng SCI 5 J10 Cng truyn d liu ni tip BD9 6 U8 K9F2G08UOM, NAND Flash (256MB)

7 J5 Giao tip JTAG ICE 8 U9 Serial dataflash (512kB)

9 U1 AT91SAM9260, 16/32 bit ARM926EJ-S 180Mhz

10 J12 Jack ngun 5VDC 11 U5 DM9161EA, Ethernet 10/100 Full-Duplex

12 RJ1 Cng Giao tip Ethernet (RJ45) 13 S1, S2, S3, S4 Cc nt nhn 14 U10 Khe th nh MicroSD 15 U11 I2C EEPROM

16 J12 Cng tt ngun 17 J16 Kt ni m rng Uart, Adc, Twi 18 J14 Kt ni m rng SPI

Bng 2.5: Cc linh kin trn kit KM9260 I. Cpu (C1):

S dng vi iu khin AT91SAM9260 c gii thiu trong phn trc. II. B nh:

1. Sdram (U2):

Hnh 2.21 : S kt ni SDRAM

- B nh chnh s dng SDRAM bus 133Mhz, SDRAMC c cu hnh vi bus data 16 bit.

- Bng sau trnh by thng s bng vng nh ca SDRAM trong h thng.

M s linh kin MT48LC16M16A2 TC75 Chn chn chip NCS1 a ch logic 0x20000000 Dung lng 0x2000000 (32MB)

Bng 2.6: Thng s ca SDRAM - M s linh kin l s c in trn thn ca chip, m s ny do nh sn xut quy

nh. - Chn chn chip l NCS1 c ngha l chn CS ca chip c ni vi chn

SDCS_NCS1 ca vi x l. - a ch logic l a ch m vi x l gn cho chip tng ng vi NCS1. - Dung lng ca SDRAM l 32 MB 2. Serial dataflash (U9):

Hnh 2.22 : S kt ni Serial DataFlash - Board s dng chp nh serial dataflash kt ni qua ng SPI0 (slot CS1). - AT91Bootstrap, cc bin mi trng (U-Boots Environment Variables), U-Boot

c lu tr trong serial dataflash. Cc phn vng cha cc bootloader c th hin bi bng sau:

M s linh kin AT45DB041D-SU Chn chn chip NCS2 a ch logic 0xD0000000 Dung lng 0x80000 (512kB) Offset Phn Vng Phn mm lu 0x00000000 0 Bootstrap

0x00004200 1 Environment

0x00008400 2 U-Boot

Bng 2.7: Thng s ca Serial DataFlash 3. Nand flash (U8):

Hnh 2.23 : S kt ni NAND FLASH - NAND Flash (256MB) dng cha nhn Linux v root file system. 3MB vng

nh u tin dnh cho vic cha kernel Linux, phn vng cn li cha root file system ca h thng, bng sau th hin thng s memory map ca NAND Flash.

M s linh kin K9F2G08UOM Chn chn chip NCS3 a ch logic 0x40000000 Dung lng 0x10000000 (256MB) Offset Phn Vng Phn mm lu 0x00000000 0 Kernel

0x00300000 1 Rootfs (JFFS2)

Bng 2.8: Thng s ca NAND FLASH 4. Th nh MicroSD (U10):

Hnh 2.24 : Khe cm th nh Micro SD - Do c h tr microSD, c th thay th vai tr ca NAND Flash cho vic lu tr

kernel Linux v rootfs. Phn vng u tin (first partition) c format theo nh dng FAT, phn vng th 2 c nh dng theo ext2 hoc ext3 dng cha rootfs. load kernel Linux t MicroSD vo SDRAM i hi U-Boot phi h tr mmc sub system command set. MicroSD thng c dng boot Linux c roofs dung lng ln, v d nh Debian distribution. III. Kt ni ngoi vi:

1. Cng USB (J13):

Hnh 2.25 : Cng USB

Cng USB tc truy xut 2.0, tng t MicroSD, h thng c th boot Linux thng qua a di ng USB..

2. Cng thit b USB (J7):

Hnh 2.26 : Cng USB Device Vi USB device connector, ta c th bin board nhng thnh cc thit b USB.

MCU AT91SAM9260 cho php ta truy xut n tt c cc vng nh trong h thng thng qua chng trnh ng dng trn my tnh SAMBA, khi dy cable USB ny c dng n.

3. Cng truyn d liu ni tip BD9 (J10):

Hnh 2.27 : Cng truyn d liu ni tip DB9 AT91SAM9260 c tch hp cng RS232. KM9260 dng cng RS232 ny cho vic

hin th, xut nhp vi console chnh ca Linux. 4. Cng kt ni Ethernet (RJ1):

Hnh 2.28 : Cng kt ni Ethernet

AT91SAM9260 c th kt hp vi chp Fast Ethernet PHY DM9161AEP mang li cho h thng tnh nng mnh m v cc ng dng mng. KM9260 c th s dng nh h thng webserver nhng, s dng trong h thng thu thp o lng, iu khin t xa

5. Kt ni m rng SCI (J17):

Hnh 2.29 : Khe cm kt ni m rng SCI

S CHN TN HIU CHN VXL S CHN TN HIU CHN VXL 1 GND - 2 5V -

3 GND - 4 3V3 -

5 TK0 23 (PB16) 6 TF0 26 (PB17)

7 TD0 27 (PB18) 8 RD0 28 (PB19)

9 RK0 163 (PB20) 10 RF0 164 (PB21)

Bng 2.9: S chn ca khe cm kt ni m rng SCI Connector cho php ta c th m rng kt ni vi cc thit b I2S audio codec,

truyn nhn d liu 32bit stream (High-speed Continuous Data Stream)... 6. Kt ni m rng SPI (J14):

Hnh 2.30 : Khe cm kt ni m rng SPI

S CHN TN HIU CHN VXL S CHN TN HIU CHN VXL1 GND - 2 3V3 -

3 SPI1_MISO 9 (PB0) 4 SPI1_MOSI 10 (PB1)

5 SPI1_SPCK 11 (PB2 6 SPI1_NPCS0 12 (PB3)

7 SPI1_NPCS1 67 (PC5) 8 SPI1_NPCS2 62 (PC4)

9 GPIO 63 (PC6) 10 GPIO 64 (PC7)

Bng 2.10: S chn ca khe cm kt ni m rng SPI Connector m rng cho SPI, bao gm 3 ng chip select tng ng cho 3 slot

CS0, CS1, CS2.

7. Kt ni m rng Uart, Adc, Twi (J16):

Hnh 31: Khe cm kt ni m rng Uart, Adc, Twi

S CHN TN HIU CHN VXL S CHN TN HIU CHN VXL 1 5V - 2 3V3 -

3 AVDD - 4 GND -

5 AGND - 6 VREFP -

7 AD0 158 (PC0) 8 AD1 159 (PC1)

9 IRQ1 127 (PC15) 10 UART_TXD0 15 (PB4)

11 UART_RXD0 16 (PB5) 12 UART_TXD1 17 (PB6)



17 UART_RXD3 162 (PB11) 18 TWD 208 (PA23)

19 TWCK 1 (PA24) 20 GPIO 23 (PB16)

Bng 2.11: S chn ca khe cm kt ni m rng Uart, Adc, Twi

Connector m rng cho cc cng giao tip serial bao gm UART, TWI, b chuyn i ADC, GPIO, ngt ngoi IRQ1.

8. Giao tip JTAG ICE (J5) :

Hnh 2.32: Khe cm giao tip JTAG ICE

S CHN TN HIU CHN VXL S CHN TN HIU CHN VXL 1 3V3 - 2 3V3 -

3 NTRST 35 4 GND -

5 TDI 30 6 GND -

7 TMS 31 8 GND -

9 TCK 34 10 GND -

11 RTCK 37 12 GND -

13 TDO 29 14 GND -

15 NRST 36 16 GND -

17 NC - 18 GND -

19 NC - 20 GND -

Bng 2.12: S chn ca khe cm giao tip JTAG ICE Cng JTAG ICE theo chun 20 pin cho php np chng trnh v debug h thng.

IV. Nt nhn: 1. Nt Reset (S2):

Hnh 2.33: Nt reset

Reset h thng, tch cc mc thp. 2. Nt Wake up (S1):

Hnh 2.34: Nt Wake up

Nt c tc dng nh thc h thng t trng thi power down.

3. Nt ng dng 1 (S3):

Hnh 2.35: Nt ng dng 1 User button, kt ni vi PC15 (chn 127) ca AT91SAM9260 MCU. Tch cc mc

thp.

4. Nt ng dng 2 (S4):

Hnh 2.36: Nt ng dng 2 User button, kt ni vi PC8 (pin 61) ca AT91SAM9260 MCU. Tch cc mc

thp.

V. Led hin th: 1. Led hin th trng thi ca h thng:

TN LED CHC NNG TRNG THI NGHA LED1 Shutdown On VXL Trng thi Power down

Off VXL khng hot ng LED2 Power On Bt ngun

Off Tt ngun D6 Duplex On Ethernet PHY full-duplex

Off Ethernet PHY half-duplex

Bng 2.13: ngha ca cc Led hin th trng thi ca h thng 2. Led ng dng: K hiu l D4, c ni vi chn PA6 (chn 185). Tch cc mc thp.

VI. Jumper : 1. Jumper chn chp :

K HIU CHC NNG J15 Chn chip Serial dataflash J13 Chn chip NAND Flash Bng 2.14: Chc nng ca J13 v J15 Hnh 2.37: Serial DataFlash v Jumper

chn Serial DataFlash Jumper chn chip c thit k h tr cho vic khi phc boot loader sau khi ngi

dng ghi chng trnh khng ph hp vo vng Bootstrap hoc U-Boot ca h thng 2. Jumper chn cu hnh h thng:

K HIU CHC NNG V TR NGHA MC NH J1 Chn tn s

hot ng 1-2 Dng dao ng ni RC 2-3 2-3 Dng thch anh 32,768Khz

J2 Chn ngun cho vi x l

1-2 Dng ngun pin 1-2 2-3 Dng ngun chnh 1,8 V

Bng 2.15 : Chc nng ca J1 v J2 3. Cc Jumper lin quan n jtag - S mch FTAG INTERFACE bao gm cc jumper lin quan n JTAG

nh sau :

Hnh 2.38: S kt ni ca giao tip JTAG ICE - V tr ca cc Jumper J1, J2, J6, J8, J9, J13 c th hin hnh sau :

Hnh 2.39: Cc jumper J1, J2, J6, J8, J9, J13

VII. Tng kt: Phn cng h thng nhng gm nhiu thnh phn : vi x l, chp nh, ngoi vi, nt

nhn, led bo, jump c kt ni vi nhau to thnh mt th thng nht. Mi thnh phn u c mt chc nng ring.

thun li cho vic tm hiu su hn v kit KM9260 th ngi hc ssau khi c phn ny nn c gng nhn din c cc linh kin trn kit, xc nh c v tr, chc nng ca tng linh kin.

Nh ni phn trn, chng ta s khng tm hiu su v phn cng ca kit KM9260. Thay vo chng ta s tm hiu k hn v cc phn mm h thng nhng trong phn tip theo ca gio trnh.

B-Phn mm h thng nhng trong kit KM9260:

CHNG III LP TRNH NHNG

NNG CAO

N TT NGHIP

________________________________________________________________________________CHNG II: LP TRNH NHNG NNG CAO 6

Li u chng Sau khi nghin cu chng II-Lp trnh nhng cn bn chng ta c c nhng

kin thc cn thit tin su hn vo th gii lp trnh phn mm h thng nhng Linux y th v. Trc khi i vo nghin cu nhng ni dung trong chng III, ngi hc phi c nhng kin thc nn tng sau y:

S dng c cc lnh trong ngn ng lp trnh C nh: if, if...else, if...else if..., switch...case, ...; hiu v vn dng c cc khi nim trong ngn ng lp trnh C nh: Con tr, cu trc, mng, ... vo chng trnh;

Hiu mt cch tng qut cc kin thc c s l thuyt v h iu hnh ni chung. Phi gii thch c cc khi nim v tin trnh, tuyn, chia khe thi gian, ...trong h iu hnh.

V mt s nhng k nng cn thit nh bin dch chng trnh ng dng, driver vit bng ngn ng lp trnh C trong Linux; S dng thnh tho cc lnh trong mi trng shell ca Linux;

Trong chng III-Lp trnh nhng nng cao chng ta s c tm hiu l thuyt v hai lp trong h thng phn mm nhng l user application v kernel driver cng nh mt s nhng thao tc lp trnh xy dng chng trnh trong hai lp ny.

Phn lp trnh nhng nng cao c bin son vit hon chnh cc driver v chng trnh ng dng cho mt s nhng thit b ngoi vi ph bin thng c s dng trong vic dy hc nh: LED n, LED 7 on, LED ma trn, LCD, ADC, ...Do nhng kin thc c trnh by trong

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Do an Linux Tren KIT KM9260