DO NOW: DO NOT USE YOUR NOTES FOR THIS!

Answer the following questions:1. What is a barbarian?2. What were their relationship with each other (ex:

respected each other, fought each other..)3. What is the name for the person who is in charge of

the Roman Catholic Church?4. What determined if a ruler was powerful during the

middle ages?

When you finish, take out your “Do-Nows”Make sure they ALL have the proper heading on

them (INCLUDES DATE!)Also! Take out your homework

Do Now:

Write the questions AND answers to the following questions on a separate piece of paper.

1. What are the different social classes in the Feudal system?

2. Why was Feudalism created?3. In what ways did Feudalism affect the lives of

Medieval residents?

When you are finished, put EVERYTHING away except for your homework and something to write with.

UNIT 2:Dark Ages

Feudalism at its finest!

GRAPES

• G eography• R eligion• A chievements• P olitics• E conomy• S ocialHelps us

remember the important facts

MEDIEVAL EUROPE

• GEOGRAPHY: Europe• RELIGION: Christianity• ACHIEVEMENT: tools• POLITICS: Feudalism• ECONOMY: Farming/Trade• SOCIAL: King Lord Knight Serf

What was the geography of medieval Europe?

• Temperate Climate

• Lots of farmland available

What was the major religion during the Medieval Ages?

• Christianity takes over

• Catholic church dominant

What were the achievements of medieval ages?

• Access to the world’s advances• Farming developments big

What was the political structure during the dark ages?

• Kingdoms emerge from Roman Empire

• Power plays between kings and church

What drove the economy during the dark ages?

• Land was source of wealth

• Kings claimed all the land

• Growth of merchants and trade

What was the social structure during the dark ages?

• Strict social order• Feudal society• Hierarchy of

power

Who were barbarians and why were they important?

• a person belonging to a tribe or group that is considered uncivilized.

• After Rome fell, Europe was left without a central government or defense invasions led to groups creating kingdoms.

• These kingdoms often fought each other

What made a king powerful?

• The most powerful kings were the ones with the most land and best warriors!

Who was Charlemagne• Most important leader of the Franks• (modern-day France)• Ruled for 40 years• Built his empire with the help of the pope• Unified all Christian lands in Europe• His empire survived MANY barbarian attacks.

Charlemagne’s Empire Charlemagne’s Empire

What role did the Roman Catholic Church play in

the dark ages?

*Church was a central part of society!

What is a pope?

• The Christian church headed by the Pope.*Pope = the Supreme leader of the Roman

Catholic Church

How many forms of Christianity were there

in the middle ages

• Today there are many forms of Christianity but in the Middle Ages there was only one:

Roman Catholicism

What do Christians believe?

• Believe in one God• Follow the teachings of Jesus

• Religion played a very important role in their daily lives.– People were married and

baptized in the church– People attended mass on

Sundays– They gave 10% of their earnings

to the church– 3 days a week, they did not eat

meat.

What role did the church play in the lives of medieval European residents??

What role did the church play in the lives of medieval European residents??

• Since there were no strong empires or kingdoms the Church was one organization that had respect and power.

• Popes were more powerful than kings!

What role did the church play in the lives of medieval European residents??

• The Church was led by popes. Priests and nuns converted, gave care to people

What is a monk??

• Monks were spiritual leaders (obviously)

• They lived in monasteries and did things like copy books.

What is a monk??

• Devoted their lives to God

• Travelled and spread the teachings of Christianity

• Spent years transcribing the Bible since the printing press wasn’t used in Europe yet.

Churches and Cathedrals during the Middle Ages

What was the structure of the Roman Catholic Church in the dark ages?

Pope

Cardinal

Archbishop

Bishop

Priest

Rules

What was the relationship between kings and popes?

• BFF’s!• Charlemagne crowned

by the pope• Starts a trend of

cooperation

• Cooperation continues between kings and popes

• Until…

• 1075 C.E.• Holy Roman Emperor

Henry IV vs. Pope Gregory VII!

• Henry IV began appointing Catholic bishops in the Holy Roman Empire.

• Gregory VII said “ENOUGH”

Why was feudalism created?

800 – 900 : Europe was threatened by 3 MAIN groups 1. Muslims 2. Magyars 3. VikingsMuslims: - followers of Islam - Northeast Africa, Spain

Magyars: - central Asia

Vikings: - Norway and Denmark

• FEUDALISM was created in response to all the Viking attacks

Monarch

Lords/Ladies

Knights

Peasants/Serfs

How did feudalism work?

• William the Conqueror brought the idea around 1000 C.E.• Provided people with protection and safety by creating a

clear social orderMonarch: GET RICH

Lords: COLLECTrented land from king

Knights: PROTECT•Provided protection for land

Serfs: WORK•provided food, service and labor to their Lord

Rules

WHAT WERE THE RULES OF FEUDALISM?

• During the Middle Ages, people were born in a social class for life.

• They had the same position, and often the same job, as their parents.

Rules

What do Muslims believe?

• Believe in one God – Allah• Follow the teachings of Muhammad• Most prevalent in Northern Africa, Spain, Eastern Asia, India and Middle Eastern

• Worship in a Mosque

• Studied Muslim law in college as well as other subjects

What do Jewish people believe?

• The Jewish faith believes in one God.

• They do not have central religious authority that could make or issue a unified creed. (No figure similar to the Pope).

• Judaism stresses performance of deeds or commandments rather than adherence to a belief system.

How were non-Christians treated?

• During Medieval Times, the Jews and the Muslim people were treated horribly.

• They were often killed simply because the Christians did not agree with their choice of religion.

• They were often blamed for plagues and wars.

What were the Crusades?

• a series of battles fought over religious territory waged by much of Christian Europe

Why was Jerusalem worth fighting over?

• Jerusalem was important to three different religions.

*The Jews had temples there. *The Christians considered it Holy Land*The Muslims thought Jerusalem was

important because Mohammed left Jerusalem for heaven.

The beginning of the battles• A Muslim ruler set fire to a Catholic Church• The Pope at the time declared it was time for

a “Holy War” to take Jerusalem back.

WHO WON??

• Disease! – illness killed more soldiers than the battles

• Christian armies even fought one another• Jerusalem was taken over by the Christians

and then taken back some years later by the Muslims

A benefit!

• It is said that the Crusades caused cultures to mix and Europe to adopt different ideas.

• …And maybe was a catalyst for the Renaissance……