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45 Offices in 21 Countries Basics of Typical Contracts Part 1 – NDA, LOI/MOU and Sales Contract (典型的契約の基礎知識 パート1- NDALOIMOUよび売買契約) Presented by: 下田範幸、日本及びカリフォルニア州弁護士、パートナー Noriyuki Shimoda, admitted in Japan and California, Partner of Squire Patton Boggs Phone: 415-393-9894 Email: [email protected] April 20, 2016 at PA Office of Squire Patton Boggs May 18, 2016 at SF Office of Squire Patton Boggs DOING BUSINESS IN CALIFORNIA

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Page 1: DOING BUSINESS IN CALIFORNIA - Squire Patton Boggs/media/files/insights/... · 2016. 5. 25. · 45 Offices in 21 Countries Basics of Typical Contracts Part 1 – NDA, LOI/MOU and

45 Offices in 21 Countries

Basics of Typical Contracts Part 1 – NDA, LOI/MOU and

Sales Contract (典型的契約の基礎知識

パート1- NDA、LOI・MOUおよび売買契約)

Presented by: 下田範幸、日本及びカリフォルニア州弁護士、パートナー Noriyuki Shimoda, admitted in Japan and California, Partner of Squire Patton Boggs Phone: 415-393-9894 Email: [email protected] April 20, 2016 at PA Office of Squire Patton Boggs May 18, 2016 at SF Office of Squire Patton Boggs

DOING BUSINESS IN CALIFORNIA

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A Variety of Basic Contracts used in US(米国で使用されるさまざまな基本的な契約書)

• Part - 1 • NDA - Non-Disclosure Agreement(秘密保持契約) • LOI/MOU/Term Sheet • Sales Contract(売買契約)

• Part – 2 • Office Lease (事務所賃貸借契約書) • Employment Agreement/Offer Letter(雇用契約書) • Independent Contractor Agreement(独立請負人契約書) • Settlement and Release Agreement(和解権利放棄契約書) • Parent–Sub Agreement(親子間契約書)

• Part – 3 • Basics of US IP(アメリカの知的財産権の基礎知識) • IP License Agreement(知的財産権使用許諾契約)

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Part 1 – NDA, LOI, Sales Documents (パート1-NDA、LOI、 売買契約書面)

• NDA - Non-Disclosure Agreement(秘密保持契約) • LOI/MOU/Term Sheet • Sales Contract(売買契約) Battle of the Forms (書式の闘い)

– Quotation Form (見積書) – Purchase Order (注文書) – Sales Confirmation (販売確認書) – Invoice (請求書)

• Blanket Sales Agreement Agreement/Master Sales Agreement(包括的売買基本契約書)

• Distributorship Agreement (販売代理店契約書) • Sales Representative Agreement (販売取次ぎ業者契約

書)

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Contract Basics(契約の基本)

• Factors for formation of contract(契約の成立要件): Offer (申し込み) Acceptance (承諾) Consideration (対価・約因)

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NDA(秘密保持契約) • Non-Disclosure Agreement (非開示契約書) or

Confidentiality Agreement(秘密契約書) • A Non-Disclosure Agreement (“NDA”) is a legally-

binding contract in which a person or business promises to treat specific information confidential (in same case as a trade secret) and not to disclose the information to others without proper authorization.(秘密保持契約書は、相手に開示する情報を(場合によってはトレードシークレットであることを確認し)、秘密として取り扱い、その契約で特に認められた目的と方法によってのみ、使用し、その秘密性を厳守することを約束させる、法律上拘束力のある契約書である。)

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NDA(秘密保持契約) • Non-Disclosure Agreement (非開示契約書) or

Confidentiality Agreement(秘密契約書) • Proprietary Right Assignment and Confidentiality

Agreement (知的財産権譲渡および秘密保持契約書) • Proprietary Right Assignment and Confidentiality

Agreement is a legally- binding contract in which an employee promises to treat its employer’s and customer’s information as confidential and not to disclose the information to others without proper authorization, and agree that intellectual property invented or developed in the course of employment will belong to or be assigned to the employer. (知的財産権譲渡および秘密保持契約書は、従業員が会社または会社の顧客の情報を秘密に保持することを約束し、かつ、雇用上発明した、または開発した知的財産権は、会社に帰属し、または会社に譲渡されることを約束する法律上拘束力のある契約書である。)

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Main Provisions of Typical NDA (典型的NDAの主要条文内容)

• Main Provisions of Typical NDA(典型的NDAの主要条文内容) Mutual or not (相互か否か) Definition of Confidential Information(秘密情報の定義) Nondisclosure Obligations(非開示の義務) Exception to Nondisclosure Obligations(非開示義務の例

外) No Right of Confidential Information (秘密情報に対する

無権利の確認) Return of Confidential Information (秘密情報の返還) Term (期間) Remedies (救済手段)

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Effect of NDA(NDAの効果)

• Obligates others to protect confidential information disclosed, if violated, broadens the disclosing party’s rights and provide basis for asserting misappropriation (i.e., breach of contract) for damage or injunction, serves as notice to protect trade secret as a requirement to establish legal right of trade secret by using reasonable efforts under the circumstances, (相手に開示する自己の情報の秘密を守らせる義務を課し、違反があった場合には、差し止め請求や損害賠償の請求ができるようにすること、トレードシークレットの権利の成立を確認するとともに、一般的なトレードシークレットとしての成立および存続要件としての、「秘密を維持するための合理的な努力」を実行している事実を作り、当該情報がトレードシークレットとしての要件を満たしていることを確立する。)

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Use of NDA(NDAの使用)

NDA should be entered into with persons or businesses that will receive confidential information for developing, marketing, evaluation, etc., and with all its employees.(製

造、マーケティング、評価等の目的のために秘密情報を開示する相手方である個人や会社との間で締結すべきであるし、自社の全従業員にサインさせるべきである。)

For newly-hired employees, the NDA should be signed before the first day of work.(新規に雇った従業員には、勤務を開始する前にサインをさせるべき)

Note that for existing employees not already subject to an NDA, additional consideration is required for NDA to be effective.(NDAを締結していない既存の従業員に新たにサイン

をさせる場合には、なんらかの対価を与える必要があることに注意。)

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LOI/MOU/TermSheet

• Letter of Intent (LOI) • Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) • Term Sheet • Usually a few page outline summary of the key terms proposed.(通常少

ないページの契約条件の骨子の記載) • Serves as the basis for negotiation and reaching agreement on essential

terms. (骨子について交渉して合意に達するに使われる文書。) • Effective method of negotiating an agreement and confirming the parties’

intent to proceed to definitive agreements.(合意内容を交渉し、本契約の交渉に進むことのお互いの意思を確認するために有用)

• Provides one source of terms for use in drafting definitive agreements.(本契約の作成における指針の提供)

• Generally intended to be a non-binding pre-contractual document, but, it depends on how set forth in the document.(拘束力がない場合が普通であるが、それは書面にどう記載されているか次第)

• Letter Agreement(?) Regular contract in a form of letter(手紙の形式による通常の合意書)

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Sales Contract(売買契約)

• Need agreement on core terms for sales contract (コアの条件についての合意) Description of goods (商品) Quantity(数量) Time and place of delivery (デリバリーの時と場所) Price (値段) Payment (支払方法)

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Strategic Terms and Conditions for Sales Contract (売買契約における戦略的契約条項)

• Cancellation of purchase order (注文書の解約) • Warranties (保証) • Indemnities (免責保証) • Limitation on liability (責任の制限) • Liquidated damages (損害賠償額の予定) • Dispute resolution (紛争解決方法) • Shorter statute of limitation (消滅時効期間の短縮)

• Attorney fees (弁護士費用) • Governing law (準拠法)

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Default rules under CA UCC (特別な合意がない場合のUCC規定)

• Cancellation of order (注文の取り消し) • Warranties(保証)

• No cancellation after acceptance(受諾後は認められない)

• The following warranties are implied以下の黙示の保証が認められる): Warranty of merchantability(一般商品性の保証)

Warranty of fitness for particular purpose(特定目的適合性の保証)

Warranty for no infringement(非侵害の保証)

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Default rules under CA UCC (特別な合意がない場合のUCC規定)

• Indemnities(補償) • Limitation on liability(責任の制限)

• Liquidated damages(損害賠償額の予定)

• Dispute resolution(紛争解決手段)

• No indemnity(認められない) • No limitation, consequential,

incidental, indirect and punitive damage may be available(無制限、結果的、付随的、間接的、懲罰的損害責任も認められる可能性がある)

• Need to prove damage(損害額の証明が必要)

• Litigation(訴訟)

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Default rules under CA UCC (特別な合意がない場合のUCC規定)

• Jurisdiction(裁判管轄)

• Statute of Limitation(消滅時効)

• Attorney fees(弁護士費用)

• Governing law (準拠法)

• Depends on various factors (様々な要素で判断される)

• 4 years for written contact(書面の契約によると4年) and 2 years for no written contract(書面によらない契約では2年)

• No attorney fee(弁護士費用は認められない)

• Depends on various factors(様々な要素で判断される)

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Battle of the Forms(書式の戦い)

• SELLER(売主): Distributes promotional materials(宣伝資 料の配布)

• BUYER(買主) : Telephones or emails to ask for information and quotation(商品に関する 情報見積もりを求めて連絡)

• SELLER (売主): Sends quotation form (見積書の送付) • BUYER (買主) : Sends purchase order (注文書送付) • SELLER (売主): Sends confirmation letter(確認書の送付) • SELLER (売主) : Delivers products, sends invoice (商品

の配達と請求書の送付) • BUYER (買主) : Accepts products (商品の受け入れ) • BUYER (買主) : Pays (支払い)

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Battle of the Forms(書式の戦い)

• Does a contract exist? (契約は成立しているのか)

• When was the contract formed?(いつ成立したか)

• What are the terms of the contract? (どの書面の条件が契約条件となっているか)

• Result of defeat or draw in the battle (戦いの結果は?)

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Battle of the Forms(書式の戦い)

• Recommendation(対応についてのアドバイス) Achieve a basic understanding of risks

involved (リスクの基本的理解) Develop tools (武器の作成)

–Standard sales documentation (標準書式の作成)

–Blanket sales agreement (売買基本契約の作成)

Develop procedures for use of sales documentation (標準書式の使用についての手

続きの確立) Educate the staff (スタッフへの教育)

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Standard Sales Documentation (売買取引における標準書式)

• Standard Sales Documentation (売買取引における

標準書式) Quotation(見積書) Purchase Order (注文書) Sales Confirmation (確認書) Invoice (請求書)

• Blanket Sales Agreement/Master Sales Agreement (売買基本契約)

• Distributorship Agreement (販売代理店契約)

• Sales Representative Agreement (販売取次ぎ業者

契約)

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Blanket Sales Agreement/Master Sales Agreement(売買取引基本契約書)

• Key terms and conditions(重要条項) Definition of Products(商品の定義) Orders and acceptance(注文と承諾) Individual Contract(個別契約) Price(価格) Change of Price(価格の変更) Payment(支払) Warranty(保証) Indemnities (免責補償) Limitation of liability(責任の制限) Shorter statute of limitation(時効期間の短縮) Dispute resolution(紛争解決手段) Governing law(準拠法)

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Distributorship Agreement(販売代理店契約)

• Key terms and conditions(重要条項) Exclusive or non-exclusive (独占的か、非独占的か) With or without house accounts(ハウスアカウント付か否

か) Definition of Products(商品の定義) Price(価格) Change of Price(価格の変更) Payment(支払条件) Order and Acceptance (注文と承諾) Individual Contract(個別契約) Territory(販売領域)

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Distributorship Agreement(販売代理店契約)

• Key terms and conditions(重要条項) Minimum quantity obligation(最低販売数量義務) Warranty(保証) Indemnities (免責補償) Limitation of liability(責任の制限) Independent contractor provisions(独立請負人) Term(契約期間) Right to discontinue or change products(商品の中止また

は変更権利) Termination(解除)

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Sales Representative Agreement (販売取次業者契約)

• Key terms and conditions(重要条項) Exclusive or non-exclusive (独占的か、非独占的か) With or without house accounts(ハウスアカウント付か否

か) Definition of Products(商品の定義) Price of Products (商品の価格) Commission(口銭、コミッション) Definition of Net Sales(純販売利益の定義) Payment Term of Commission(口銭の支払条件) Commission after termination(解除後の口銭)

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Sales Representative Agreement (販売取次業者契約)

• Key terms and conditions(重要条項) Territory(販売領域) Minimum quantity obligation(最低販売数量義務) Independent contractor provisions(独立請負人) Indemnities (免責補償) Term(契約期間) Right to discontinue or change products(商品の中止また

は変更権利) Termination(解除)

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CA Laws on Sales Representative (セールスレップに関するCA法)

• Independent Wholesale Sales Representative Contractual Relations Act of 1990 (Cal. Civ. Code §§1738.10-.17) (1990年独立卸売販売取次業者契約関係法) Requirement of a written contract(書面の契約書を締結

する必要) – Contract shall include (契約書の中には以下の条件を明示する必要がある)

» Commission rate and method of calculation(コミッションのレートとその計算方法)

» Commission payment terms(支払条件) » Territory and exceptions(販売領域とその例外) » Chargebacks(チャージバック)

– Sales representatives must receive a copy and sign a receipt acknowledging receipt of the contract(販売取次業

者に締結した契約のコピーを渡し、その契約の受け取りを証する受取書にサインをしてもらう必要がある)

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