Doug Brooks, PresidentIPOA – The Association of the Stability

Operations Industry

22 June 2009ISS, Tshwane, South Africa

The role of the private sector in African Conflicts_____________________________

www.IPOAonline.org - +1 202 464-0721 – Dbrooks@IPOAonline.org1634 I Street, NW, suite 800, Washington, DC 20006, USA

Spicy Quote

Relevancy:“Any military that intends to be relevant beyond its national borders will be working with the private

sector.”

-Doug Brooks

•Surge capacity•Limitless resources•Experience – former military/gov’t•Capabilities, Specializations•Flexible expansion/modifications

•Staying Power•Cost Effective•FasterCheaperBetter

Why Contingency Contractors?

The Contingency Operations IndustryDemand Driven! Company

Type:LSCs:

Logistics & Support Companies

PSCs:Private Security

Companies

SSR&Ds:Security Sector

Reform & Development Companies

Sample Service:

Logistics & Supply

Risk ConsultingMedical ServicesConstructionMaintenanceIEDD/UXO/EOD

Waste ManagementStrategic Transport

Site ProtectionTravel & Transit

ProtectionPrivate Security

DetailsThreat

AssessmentIntelligence

Security Sector ReformEconomic

Development Crisis Mitigation

& RecoveryGovernanceRule of Law

Law Enforcement

Members of IPOA

AECOM Exploration Logistics Group Paxton International

Agility FSI Worldwide Pax Mondial

Al-Hurea GardaWorld RA International

AMECO Ge2b Reed, Inc.

American Glass Products Globecomm Systems Inc. Rutherfoord

Arkel International Global Fleet Sales Secuirforce International Inc.

ArmorGroup Gold Coast Helicopters Securiguard, Inc.

ASPIC GOR Group Security Support Solutions (3S)

Aviazapchast HART Security Shook, Hardy & Bacon LLP

Burton Rands Associates Holland & Hart LLP SkyLink USA

CMSS Insitu SOS International

Crowell & Moring LLP International Armored Group Swift Freight International

CTG Global J-3 Global Services Tangiers International

Cyrus Strategies LLP Medical Support Solutions Threat Management Group

Danimex MineWolf Systems AG TOIFOR GmbH

DLA Piper LLP Mission Essential Personnel Triple Canopy

Dreshak International NA MPRI Tundra

DynCorp International New Century Consulting Unity Resource Group

Ecolog International Olive Group URS Corporation, EG&G Division

EOD Technology Inc. OSSI Safenet Whitney, Bradley & Brown, Inc.

Evergreen International Overseas Lease Group Worldwide Shelters LLC

Iraq DoD Contractor Personnel Breakdownby Type of Service Provided (as of 31 March 09) – U.S. DoD SPOT databaseTotal Contractors in Iraq for DoD: 132,610

PSCs about 5% of industry

Article 47 of the 1977 Additional Protocol of the Geneva Conventions:

1)  Choose to fight in a conflict;2)  Actually fight in the conflict;3)  Motivated by personal gain;4)  Not be from the area;5)  Not be sent by a state;6)  Not member of the military.

Term is Derogatory.REAL Definition of ‘mercenary’:Foreigners and business people we don’t like.

Mercenaries?

Spicy Quote

Int’l Peace Ops:

“The private sector is revolutionizing international peace operations - no mission

could succeed without contractors.”

-Doug Brooks

Westernless Peacekeeping

• Int’l Peacekeeping– Growing and is long term– UN, AU and regional operations

• Westernless Peacekeeping– West has abrogated responsibility– Mils from developing countries willing

• West won’t support: Private sector will

Western Participation including UNFIL

But West without UNFIL . . .

Spicy Quote

Local Employment:

“Private firms in our industry utilize local talent when allowed so long as the necessary skill sets are available. If not local, then TCNs, and if TCNs aren’t allowed,

only then Westerners.”

-Doug Brooks

Industry Essential to Stability Ops

Allow mils and PKOs to focus on policiesReduce logistical burden, personnel drainDurability, capability, specializationsReduce military footprintVast reconstruction advantages

Host Country National (HCN) jobsCapacity buildingReal economic benefits

Darfur Case study: UN transport

helicopters . . .• 24 Transport helicopters• Deploy by March 2009?• Under-Sec-Gen, Dept. Of Field Support– AU Helicopters privately contracted– Issue of performance in combat – forbidden

– Complexity and internationality issues

Humanitarian Security in Darfur?

• Technically simple• Addresses thorny political will issue• Precedent for private humanitarian security

• Several firms interested in camp security

• Caveats:– Must have legal framework– Private can stop killing; can’t end problem

• Problem of ‘Ruthless Humanitarianism’

Spicy QuoteIndustry Regulation:

“Good regulation and good oversight are good for good

companies.”

-Doug Brooks

•Clients key to improving standards

•Firms evolve to address client concerns•Clients ignore standards•Clients ignore csodes and past performance

•Voluntary codes and standards

•Cost money•Reduce competitiveness•will only work if

•Impact on international policies

•Higher costs reduces int’l capabilities•Finite funding for even humanitarian ops

•Reward good companies by paying attention to standards and quality!

Improving Standards

Part I: Clarifies State obligations to international law

-contracting States-territorial States-home States

Part II: Good practices for the use of private sector

The Montreux Document

1. Afghanistan 2. Angola 3. Australia 4. Austria 5. Canada 6. China 7. France 8. Germany 9. Iraq 10. Poland 11. Sierra Leone 12. South Africa 13. Sweden 14. Switzerland 15. United Kingdom 16. Ukraine 17. United States of America

The following additional States have joined the Montreux Document since its release, with date of communication of support:

18. Macedonia (3 February 2009)19. Ecuador (12 February 2009)20. Albania (17 February 2009) 21. Netherlands (20 February 2009)22. Bosnia and Herzegowina (9 March 2009)23. Greece (13 March 2009)24. Portugal (27 March 2009)25. Chile (06 Avril 2009)26. Uruguay (22 Avril 2009)27. Liechtenstein (27 Avril 2009)28. Qatar (30 Avril 2009)29. Jordan (18 May 2009)30. Spain (20 May 2009)

•Promote Ethical and Professional Service.•Proactive Self Regulation.•Support Int’l Legislation.•Standards Committee Oversight.

•Open Complaints Procedure.•Member-led Review Process.

•Annual Standards Simulation•Robust CoC not a replacement for govts!

The IPOA Code of Conductwww.IPOAonline.org

• Increasing awareness

• Increasing client recognition of value

• Emphasis on training

• Pre-empting complaints

• Tightening the process

• Stakeholder engagement

Improving the Process

IPOAThe Association of the Stability Operations

Industry• Promote professionalism and ethical conduct;

• Uphold industry standards;• Engage in advocacy with governments;• Provide networking and business development;

• Ensure outreach and educational activities on role and value of the industry.

Peace Operations Institute• Making the case for the private sector!

• Tax deductable - focus on long term • Private sector effectiveness• Think-tank – solid academic credentials

• Research projects• Academic and media fellows• Best practices, humanitarian value• Seeking stakeholders, funding sources

Journal of International Peace Operations

AECOM Exploration Logistics Group Paxton International

Agility FSI Worldwide Pax Mondial

Al-Hurea GardaWorld RA International

AMECO Ge2b Reed, Inc.

American Glass Products Globecomm Systems Inc. Rutherfoord

Arkel International Global Fleet Sales Secuirforce International Inc.

ArmorGroup Gold Coast Helicopters Securiguard, Inc.

ASPIC GOR Group Security Support Solutions (3S)

Aviazapchast HART Security Shook, Hardy & Bacon LLP

Burton Rands Associates Holland & Hart LLP SkyLink USA

CMSS Insitu SOS International

Crowell & Moring LLP International Armored Group Swift Freight International

CTG Global J-3 Global Services Tangiers International

Cyrus Strategies LLP Medical Support Solutions Threat Management Group

Danimex MineWolf Systems AG TOIFOR GmbH

DLA Piper LLP Mission Essential Personnel Triple Canopy

Dreshak International NA MPRI Tundra

DynCorp International New Century Consulting Unity Resource Group

Ecolog International Olive Group URS Corporation, EG&G Division

EOD Technology Inc. OSSI Safenet Whitney, Bradley & Brown, Inc.

Evergreen International Overseas Lease Group Worldwide Shelters LLC

Thank you!Questions?