DRUG STUDY

DRUG LISTS

1 Kalium Durule

2 Ceftriaxone

3 Spironolactone

4 Cefixime

5 Vitamin B Complex

6 Combivent

Patient’s Initials: A.M.

Age: 48 years old

Diagnosis: CHF III 2o Thyrotoxic Heart Disease MR NTG Acute gastritis AF RUR

Drug Features Therapeutics Effects Nursing

Responsibilities

Generic Name:

Kalium Durule

Brand Name:

Potassium

Chloride

Classification:

Electrolytic

and water

balance agent

Prescribed

Dosage:

2 tablets (20

mEq) x TID

Indication

Prevention and

correction of

potassium

deficiency; when

associated with

alkalosis, use

potassium

chloride; when

associated with

acidosis, use

potassium

acetate,

bicarbonate,

citrate, or

Contraindication

Contraindicated

with allergy to

tartrazine, aspirin

(tartrazine is

found in some

preparations

marketed as

Kaon-Cl, Klor-

Con)

Severe renal

impairment with

oliguria, anuria,

azotemia

Most Common

Nausea

Vomiting,

Diarrhea

Abdomina

l

discomfort

Adverse Effects

Rash

GI

obstructio

n

GI

bleeding

GI

ulceration

or

perforatio

n

Hyperkale

PRE:

Do

handwashing

to prevent

cross

contamination

Check for the

doctor’s order

Check the for

the age of the

patient

Check for the

gender of the

patient

Provide the

10R for giving

Route:

Oral

Form:

Tablet

gluconate

Mechanism of

Action

Principal

intracellular

cation of most

body tissues,

participates in a

number of

physiologic

processes—

maintaining

intracellular

tonicity,

transmission of

nerve impulses,

contraction of

cardiac, skeletal,

and smooth

muscle,

Untreated

Addison’s

disease;

hyperkalemia;

adynamia

episodica

hereditaria; acute

dehydration; heat

cramps

GI disorders that

delay passage in

the GI tract.

Special Concern:

Use cautiously

with cardiac

disorders,

especially if

treated with

digitalis,

pregnancy,

mia—

increased

serum K+

ECG

changes

(peaking

of T

waves,

loss of P

waves,

depressio

n of ST

segment,

prolongati

on of QTc

interval)

medication

Identify

patients name

Assess

patients

condition

Ask for any

drug allergy

INTRA:

Take drug

after meals or

with food and

a full glass of

water to

decrease GI

upset.

Arrange for

serial serum

potassium

levels before

and during

maintenance of

normal renal

function; also

plays a role in

carbohydrate

metabolism and

various enzymatic

reactions.

lactation. therapy.

Caution

patient not to

chew or crush

tablets; have

patient

swallow tablet

whole.

Arrange for

further dilution

or dose

reduction if GI

effects are

severe

POST:

CLIENT/FAMILY

TEACHING

Take the drug

as prescribed;

do not take

more than

prescribed.

Do not use

salt

substitutes. It

may find wax

matrix

capsules in

the stool. The

wax matrix is

not absorbed

in the GI tract.

Have periodic

blood tests

and medical

evaluation.

Report if

experiencing

these side

effects:

Nausea,

vomiting,

diarrhea

(taking the

drugs with

meals, diluting

them further

may help).

Report tingling

of the hands

or feet,

unusual

tiredness or

weakness,

feeling of

heaviness in

the legs,

severe

nausea,

vomiting,

abdominal

pain, black or

tarry stools,

Patient’s Initials: A.M.

Age: 48 years old

Diagnosis: CHF III 2o Thyrotoxic Heart Disease MR NTG Acute gastritis AF RUR

Drug Features Therapeutics Effects Nursing

Responsibilities

Generic Name:

Ceftriaxone

Brand Name:

Rocephin

Classification:

Antibiotic

Prescribed

Dosage:

2 g

Route:

IV

Indication

Lower respiratory

infections caused

by Streptococcus

pneumonia,

Staphylococcus

aureus, Klbsiella,

Haemophilus

influenza,

Escherichia coli,

Proteus mirabilis,

Enterobacter

aerogenes,

Serratia

marscens,

Contraindication

Contraindicated

with allergy to

cephalosporins or

penicillins

Special Concern:

Use cautiously

with renal failure.

Use cautiously

with cardiac

disorders,

Most Common

Nausea

Vomiting,

Diarrhea

Abdomina

l Pain

Pain at

injection

site.

Adverse Effects

Headache

Dizziness

Hepatotox

icity

Decrease

d WBC ,

HCT,

Platelet

count

PRE:

Inspect

and palpate

the

intravenous

insertion site

for signs of

infections.

Take vital

signs for

baseline.

Determine

for allergies to

medications

after doing

skin testing

Form:

Liquid

Hemophilus

parainfluenzae,

Streptococcus.

Mechanism of

Action

Inhibits synthesis

of bacterial cell

wall, causing cell

death

especially if

treated with

digitalis,

pregnancy,

lactation.

Check

compatibility

of the

medications

and IV fluid.

Assemble

equipments

and supplies.

Check the

label on the

medication

and compare

with the

medical

orders.

Wash

hands and

observe other

appropriate

infection

control

procedures.

Prepare

the

medication.

INTRA:

Identify the

injection port

closest to the

client.

Clean the

port with an

antiseptic

swab.

Stop the

IV flow by

closing the

clamp or

pinching the

tubing above

the injection

port.

Slowly

inject the

medication

and release it.

POST:

CLIENT/FAMILY

TEACHING

Tell patient

to promptly

report adverse

reactions and

sign and

symptoms of

infection.

Tell patient

to notify

prescriber if

loose stools or

diarrhea

occur.

Instruct

patient to

report pain on

the IV site.

Patient’s Initials: A.M.

Age: 48 years old

Diagnosis: CHF III 2o Thyrotoxic Heart Disease MR NTG Acute gastritis AF RUR

Drug Features Therapeutics Effects Nursing

Responsibilities

Generic Name:

Spironolactone

Brand Name:

Aldactone

Classification:

Potassium-

sparing

diuretic,

Aldosterone

antagonist

Prescribed

Dosage:

1 tablet

Indication

Diagnosis and

maintenance of

primary

hyperaldosteronis

m Adjunctive

therapy in edema

associated with

CHF, nephrotic

syndrome,

hepatic cirrhosis

when other

therapies are

inadequate or

inappropriate

Contraindication

Anuria

Hyperkalemia

Acute or

progressive renal

insufficiency

Addison’s

disease.

Most Common

Weakness

Paresthes

ia

Diarrhea

Abdomina

l

discomfort

Drowsine

ss,

headache

,

Adverse Effects

Fluid or

electrolyte

imbalance

Gynecom

astia

tachycardi

a

hypotensi

on

oliguria

hyperkale

PRE:

Do

handwashing

to prevent

cross

contamination

Check for the

doctor’s order

Check the for

the age of the

patient

Check for the

gender of the

patient

Provide the

10R for giving

(100mg) x BID

Route:

Oral

Form:

Tablet

Treatment of

hypokalemia or

prevention of

hypokalemia in

patients who

would be at high

risk if

hypokalemia

occurred:

Digitalized

patients,

patients

with

cardiac

arrhythmia

Essential

hypertensi

on, usually

in

combinatio

hyponatre

mia

mia

confusion

hirsutism

mental

disturbanc

es

menstrual

irregulariti

es

loss of

libido and

impotence

. 

medication

Identify

patients name

Assess

patients

condition

Ask for any

drug allergy

INTRA:

Give daily

doses early so

that increased

urination does

not interfere

with sleep.

Measure and

record regular

weight to

monitor

mobilization of

n with

other

drugs

Mechanism of

Action

Spironolactone

acts on the distal

renal tubules as a

competitive

antagonist of

aldosterone. It

increases the

excretion of

sodium chloride

and water while

conserving

potassium and

hydrogen ions

edema fluid.

Avoid giving

food rich in

potassium.

Arrange for

regular

evaluation of

serum

electrolytes

and BUN.

POST:

CLIENT/FAMILY

TEACHING

Be aware that

the maximal

diuretic effect

may not occur

until third day

of therapy and

that diuresis

may continue

for 2–3 d after

drug is

withdrawn.

Report signs

of

hyponatremia

or

hyperkalemia,

most likely to

occur in

patients with

severe

cirrhosis.

Avoid

replacing fluid

losses with

large amounts

of free water

(can result in

dilutional

hyponatremia)

Weight 2–3

times each

week. Report

gains/loss

of  5 lbs.

Do not drive

or engage in

potentially

hazardous

activities until

response to

the drug is

known.

Avoid

excessive

intake of high-

potassium

foods and salt

substitutes.

Patient’s Initials: A.M.

Age: 48 years old

Diagnosis: CHF III 2o Thyrotoxic Heart Disease MR NTG Acute gastritis AF RUR

Drug Features Therapeutics Effects Nursing

Responsibilities

Generic Name:

Cefixime

Brand Name:

Suprax

Classification:

Beta-Lactam

antibiotic;

third-

generation

cephalosporin

Prescribed

Dosage:

200 gram x BID

Indication

Uncomplicated

UTI, otitis media,

pharyngitis,

tonsillitis, and

bronchitis.

Mechanism of

Action

Cefixime is a

third- generation

cephalosporin. As

a beta-lactam

antibiotic like the

Contraindication

Patients with

known allergy to

the cephalosporin

group of

antibiotics,

severe reaction

to penicillin.

.

Most Common

Diarrhea,

loose or

frequent

stools

abdominal

pain

nausea

stomach

upset

flatulence

Adverse Effects

Skin

rashes

Hives

Fever

Itching

Facial

swelling

Elevated

liver

enzymes

level

jaundice

liver

inflammati

PRE:

Check for the

doctor’s order

Check for the

age of the

patient

Check for the

gender of the

patient

Provide the

10R for giving

medication

Identify

patients name

Assess

patients

Route:

Oral

Form:

Tablet

penicillins, it is

mainly

bactericidal. It

inhibits the third

and final stage of

bacterial cell wall

synthesis by

preferentially

binding to specific

penicillin-binding

proteins (PBPs)

located inside the

bacterial cell wall.

on

Headache

Dizzines

Seizures

Genital

itching

vaginal

inflammati

on/fungal

infection

and skin

disorders.

condition

Ask for any

drug allergy

Have a skin

test before

administration

Check for IV

insertion site

before

administration

INTRA:

Take drug

after meals or

with food and

a full glass of

water to

decrease GI

upset.

CLIENT/FAMILY

TEACHING

Report loose

stools or

diarrhea

during drug

therapy and

for several

weeks after.

Older adult

patients are

especially

susceptible to

pseudo

membranous

colitis.

Patient’s Initials: A.M.

Age: 48 years old

Diagnosis: CHF III 2o Thyrotoxic Heart Disease MR NTG Acute gastritis AF RUR

Drug Features Therapeutics Effects Nursing

Responsibilities

Generic Name:

Vitamin B

Complex

Brand Name:

Surbex

Classification:

Vitamins and

Minerals

Prescribed

Dosage:

1 tab x TID

Route:

Oral

Indication

Vitamin B

complex is

indicated in

following

diseases,

manifesting with a

vitamine B

deficiency:

neuritis;

alcohol

toxic, and

post

infectious

Contraindication

Vitamin B

complex should

not be used in

hypersensitivity

to any of the

vitamins,

containing in the

preparation, as

well as in patients

with 2-nd or 3-rd

degree arterial

hypertension. 

.

Most Common

Rash

itching or

swelling

(especiall

y of the

face/tong

ue/throat

severe diz

ziness

trouble

breathing

Adverse Effects

peripheral

vascular

thrombosi

s

heart

failure

transient

diarrhea

pulmonar

y edema

itching

transitory

PRE:

Determine

reticulocyte

count, hct, Vit.

B12, iron,

folate levels

before

beginning

therapy.

Obtain a

sensitivity test

history before

administration.

Avoid I.V.

administration

because faster

Form:

Tablet

polyneuriti

s

paresthesi

a

atheroscler

osis

Wernicke’s

encephalo

pathy

vegetative

neurosis

glositis

colitis

hepatitis

chronic

alcohol

abuse

exanthem

a

urticaria.

systemic

elimination will

reduce

effectiveness

of vitamin.

INTRA:

Don’t give

large doses of

vitamin B12

routinely; drug

is lost through

excretion.

Don’t mix

parenteral

preparation in

same syringe

with other

drugs.

POST:

CLIENT/FAMILY

asthenia

anemia

intoxication

s. 

Mechanism of

Action

A coenzyme that

stimulate

metabolic

function and is

needed for cell

replication,

hematopoiesis,

and nucleoprotein

and myelin

synthesis

TEACHING

Protect Vit.

B12 from

light. Don’t

refrigerate or

freeze.

Monitor

patient for

hypokalemia

for first 48

hours, as

anemia

correct itself.

Give

potassium

supplements,

as needed.

Patient’s Initials: A.M.

Age: 48 years old

Diagnosis: CHF III 2o Thyrotoxic Heart Disease MR NTG Acute gastritis AF RUR

Drug Features Therapeutics Effects Nursing

Responsibilities

Generic Name:

Combivent

Brand Name:

Albuterol

Classification:

Bronchodilator

(respiratory

smooth muscle

relaxant)

Prescribed

Dosage:

1.25mg/3mL

Indication

To relieve

bronchospasm

associated with

acute or chronic

asthma,

bronchitis, or

other reversible

obstructive airway

diseases. Also

used to prevent

exercise-induced

bronchospasm.

Mechanism of

Contraindication

Contraindicated

with

hypersensitivity

to albuterol;

tachyarrhythmias,

tachycardia

caused by

digitalis

intoxication;

generalanesthesi

a with

halogenated

hydrocarbons or

cyclopropane,

Most Common

Restlessn

ess,

Drowsine

ss

Irritability

Weaknes

Sweatin

.

Adverse Effects

Apprehensi

on

anxiety

fear,

CNS

stimulatio

n

Tremor

Hyperkine

sia

Pallor

PRE:

Do

handwashing

to prevent

cross

contamination

Check for the

doctor’s order

Check the for

the age of the

patient

Check for the

gender of the

patient

Provide the

10R for giving

Route:

Oral

Form:

Tablet

Action

Synthetic

sympathomimetic

amine and

moderately

selective beta2-

adrenergic

agonist with

comparatively

long action. Acts

more prominently

on

beta2 receptors

(particularly

smooth muscles

of bronchi, uterus,

and vascular

supply to skeletal

muscles) than on

beta1 (heart)

receptors.

HPN; coronary

insufficiency,

CAD;

Special Concern:

History of CVA;

COPD patients

w/ DHD.

Use cautiously

with DM (large IV

doses can

aggravate

diabetes &

ketoacidosis);

hyperthyroidism

History of seizure

disorders.

flushing

Heartburn

unusual

or bad

taste in

mouth

Increased

incidence

of leiomyo

mas of

uterus

when

given in

higher

than

human

doses in

preclinical

studies.

Respirator

medication

Identify

patients name

Assess

patients

condition

Ask for any

drug allergy

Assess lung

sounds, pulse,

& BP before

administration

& during peak

of medication.

Note amount,

color, &

character of

sputum

produced.

Monitor

pulmonary

function tests

Minimal or no

effect on alpha-

adrenergic

receptors. Inhibits

histamine release

by mast cells.

y

difficulties

Pulmonar

y edema

Cough

Bronchos

pasm

Paradoxic

al airway

resistance

with

repeated

Excessive

use of

inhalation

preparatio

ns

Vertigo

before

initiating

therapy &

periodically

throughout

course to

determine

effectiveness

of medication.

INTRA:

Observe for

paradoxical

bronchospas

m(wheezing).

If condition

occurs, with

hold

medication

and notify

physician or

other health

Headache

Nervousne

ss

Convulsio

n

Hallucinati

on

Insomnia

care

professional

immediately.

Instruct

mother to take

missed dose as

soon as

remembered

spacing

remaining doses

at regular

intervals. Do

not double

doses or

increase the

frequency of

doses.

POST:

CLIENT/FAMILY

TEACHING

Inform the

mother not to

smoke near

the child & to

avoid

respiratory

irritants.

Advise the

mother to

rinse the

child’s mouth

with water

after each

inhalation

dose to

minimize dry

mouth.