^dZm| H$m ObamoYr CnMmairicen.gov.in/iricen/books_jquery/bhavanonka jalrodhi upchar.pdf · ^dZm| H$m ObamoYr CnMma ^maVr¶ aob {g{db B§{O{Z¶[a¨J g§ñWmZ, nwUo 411001 A³Qy>~a

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^dZm| H$m ObamoYr CnMma


^maVr¶ aob {g{db B§{O{Z¶[a¨J g§ñWmZ, nwUo 411001

A³Qy>~a 2016

àW‘ g§ñH$aU : AŠQy>~a 2016

H$s‘V < 60/-

^dZm| H$mObamoYr CnMma

A³Qy>~a 2016

^maVr¶ aob {g{db B§{O{Z¶[a¨J g§ñWmZ, nwUo 411001

ii

iii

àñVmdZm

^dZm| ‘| Ob[agmd EH$ nwamZr g‘ñ¶m h¡& {Z‘m©U H$m Iam~ ñVa Bgg‘ñ¶m H$mo Am¡a ~‹T>m XoVm h¡& ~mOma ‘| ~hþV gr gm‘J«r CnbãY h¡ bo{H$ZOmZH$mar Ho$ A^md ‘| CZH$m ghr Cn¶moJ Zht hmo nmVm h¡&

ObamoYr ^dZm| H$mo ~ZmZm H$moB© ~hþV ~‹S>r ~mV Zht h¡ {’$a ^r ImgVm¡ago gaH$mar ^dZm| ‘| ¶h gm‘mÝ¶ gr Oê$aV ^r nyar Zht hmo nmVr&

‘ybê$n go qhXr ‘| {bIr JB© nwñVH$ ImgVm¡a go qhXr^mfr joÌm| ‘|Cn¶moJr hmoJr Am¡a EH$ OJh {d{^Þ OmZH$mar H$m gab ^mfm ‘| g§H$bZXrK© g‘¶ go Mbr Am ahr H$‘r H$mo âZo H$m H$m¶© H$aoJm&

nwñVH$ H$mo lr ZraO Iao Zo {Og Vah go {bIm h¡ Cggo ‘wPo {dídmgh¡ {H$ ¶h nwñVH$ aob H$‘©Mm[a¶m| Ho$ {b¶o {deof ê$n go bm^Xm¶H$ {gÕhmoJr&

AŠQy>~a 2016 EZ. gr. emaXm

{ZXoeH$, B[agoZ nwUo

iv

v

A{^ì`{º$

^dZm| ‘| Ob[agmd H$s g‘ñ¶m Am‘ h¡& Ob[agmd go Zm Ho$db ahZodmbm| na {dnarV à^md n‹S>Vm h¡ ~aZ ^dZ H$s g§aMZm ^r {XZ à{V {XZIam~ hmoVr OmVr h¡&

Ob[agmd go ~MZo Ho$ {b¶o {Z‘m©U Ho$ g‘¶ hr n¶m©á gmdYmZr boZmC{MV h¡& ~mX ‘| H$s JB© ‘aå‘V A³ga ‘±hJr hmoVr h¡ Ed§ CVZr à^mdr ^rZht hmoVr& Bg {df¶ Ho$ ~mao ‘| ~hþV gr OmZH$mar IS: H$moS²>g ‘| CnbãY h¡,AÝ¶ H$B© OJhm| na O¡go H$s ^maVr¶ aob H$m¶© g§{hVm Am{X ‘| ^r OmZH$marCnbãY h¡, bo{H$Z g^r OJh A{YH$Va OmZH$mar A§J«oOr ‘| hr CnbãY h¡&

Bg nwñVH$ ‘| Bg ~mV H$m »¶mb aIm J¶m h¡ {H$ gm‘mÝ¶ ~mobMmb H$s^mfm ‘| VH$ZrH$s OmZH$mar H$mo CnbãY H$am¶m Om¶o& nwñVH$ ‘| boIH$ Ho$ì¶{º$JV AZw dm| H$mo ^r C{MV ñWmZ {X¶m J¶m h¡& nwñVH$ H$mo ì¶dhm[aH$~ZmZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m J¶m h¡& ~hþV gmao ‘m‘bm| Ho$ AÜ¶¶Z (Ho$g ñQ>S>rμO)H$mo em{‘b H$a BgH$mo H$m¶©joÌ ‘| Cn¶moJr ~ZmZo H$s H$mo{ee H$s JB© h¡&

lr {dídoe Mm¡~o, nyd© {ZXoeH$, B[agoZ Zo ImgVm¡a na Bg nwñVH$ H$mo‘ybê$n go qhXr ‘| {bIZo Ho$ {b¶o àmoËgm{hV {H$¶m& lr. EZ. gr. emaXm,{ZXoeH$, BargoZ Zo$ ì¶{º$JV én go nwñVH$ Ho$ nyao hmoZo ‘| ghm¶Vm àXmZH$s& lr àdrU H$moVH$a, d. AZwXoeH$ Zo nwñVH$ Ho$ àH$meZ hoVw AnZmA‘yë¶ gh¶moJ {H$¶m& boIH$ g^r Ho$ à{V Am^mar h¡&

nwñVH$ Ho$ gwYma hoVw gwPmdm| H$m ñdmJV h¡&

AŠQy>~a 2016 ZraO Iao

(nyd© àmÜ¶mnH$, B[agoZ)Cn. ‘w»¶ n[a. à~§YH$

‘w§~B© aob {dH$mg H$m°anmoaoeZ, nwUo

vi

{df` dñVw

AÜ`m` {ddaU n¥îR>

1. n[aM¶ Ed§ ObamoYr CnMma H$m ‘hËd 1

2. ^dZm| H$m ObamoYr CnMma 8

3. ObamoYr CnMma H$m AZwajU Ed§ ‘aå‘V 77

4. ‘m‘bm| H$m AÜ¶¶Z (Ho$g ñQ>S>rμO) 81

5. ObamoYr gm‘J«r Ed§ CgH$m à¶moJ 100

6. Am‘ g‘ñ¶m¶|, CZHo$ H$maU Ed§ CnMma 120

7. g§X^© 126

1

1.0 gm‘mÝ¶

nwamVZ g‘¶ go ‘Zwî¶ EH$ gm‘m{OH$ àmUr ahm h¡& g‘mO ‘| ahVohþ¶o Kam| H$s g§aMZm Ed§ CgH$m {Z‘m©U EH$ ~hþV nwamZr {dYm h¡& g‘¶Ho$ gmW- gmW ZB© VH$ZrH$s H$m {dñVma hþAm Ed§ J¥h g§aMZm d {Z‘m©U‘| H$m’$s ~Xbmd Am¶m& Z¶o àH$ma H$s {Z‘m©U gm‘J«r AmB©, Z¶o VarHo$Am¶o Am¡a Bg Vah ^dZ Ho$ {Z‘m©U ‘| EH$ Am‘yb Myb n[adV©Z hþAm&

VH$ZrH$s Hw$N> ^r hmo bo{H$Z EH$ ^dZ go ‘yb yV Anojm¶§o dhr h¢&EH$ ^dZ Eogm hmo Omo {H$ H$‘ go H$‘ Yyn Ed§ dfm© go ajm H$ao& H$B© ~maXoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ Cn¶w³V {Z‘m©U Z hmoZo Ho$ H$maU ^dZ H$s N>V Yyn goVmo ajm H$aVr h¡ bo{H$Z dfm©Ob go r nyU©V: gwa{jV aIoJr BgH$s H$moB©Jma§Q>r Zht h¡& Iam~ gm‘J«r Ed§ {Z‘m©U nÕ{V Bg Vah H$s g‘ñ¶m H$moAm¡a ~‹T>m XoVr h¢&

gaH$mar dZmo§ H$s pñWVr Bg ‘m‘bo ‘| ~hþV AÀN>r Zht h¡& H$B© ~ma~mha go hr AZwajU Ho$ ñVa H$mo XoIH$a A§XmOm bJ OmVm h¡ {H$ ¶hgaH$mar ^dZ h¡& b§~o g‘¶ VH$ Cn¶wº$ AZwajU H$m Z hmoZm ^rg‘ñ¶m H$mo ~‹T>mVm h¡& ^dZm| ‘| ahZo dmbo ¶m BñVo‘mb H$aZo dmbm| Ho$ñdmñÏ¶ na ^r BgH$m Xþînà^md n‹S>Vm h¡&

{H$gr H$s dZ ‘| Ob [agmd EH$ J§ ra g‘ñ¶m h¡ Am¡a BgHo$ H$maUH$B© AÝ¶ g‘ñ¶m¶| ^r AnZm ga CR>mVr h¢&

Ob[agmd d Z‘r H$s g‘ñ¶m Z Ho$db ^dZm| H$mo ~XgyaV ~ZmVr h¡~aZ CZH$s C‘« H$mo H$‘ H$aHo$ Cn¶mo{JVm H$mo r à^m{dV H$aVr h¡& BgVah H$s g‘ñ¶m go {ZnQ>Zo H$m gdm}Îm‘ Cnm¶ EH$ AÀN>m {Z‘m©U h¡,

AÜ`m` 1

n[aM¶ Ed§ ObamoYr CnMma H$m ‘hËd

2

{Og‘| g§~§{YV ~mVm| H$m Ü¶mZ aIm OmE Ed§ Cƒ ñVa H$s {Z‘m©Ugm‘J«r Cn¶moJ ‘| bmB© Om¶o& EH$ ~ma Iam~ ñVa H$m {Z‘m©U hmo OmE$Vmo CgH$m AZwajU ¶m CnMma AnZo Amn ‘| EH$ g‘ñ¶m h¡& Omo H${‘¶m±{Z‘m©U Ho$ g‘¶ ah OmVr h¢ CZHo$ {ZamH$aU Ho$ {b¶o ~mX ‘| H$m’$sÁ¶mXm g‘¶ Ed§ YZ H$s OéaV hmoVr h¡& A{V[aº$ YZ IMm© H$aZo Ho$~mX ^r {Z‘m©U ñVa H$mo nyar Vah Zht gwYmam Om gH$Vm&

^dZ {Z‘m©U Ho$ ñVa H$mo ~Zm¶o aIZo Ho$ {b¶o, {Z‘m©U Ho$ ha nhbyna Ü¶mZ XoZo H$s OéaV h¡, O¡go {H$ :-

1) {Z‘m©U ñWb H$m MwZmd,

2) ^dZ H$s Am§V[aH$ ¶moOZm (B§Q>aZb ßbmqZJ),

3) {d{^Þ gw{dYmAmo§ H$m MwZmd Ed§ g§¶moOZ,

4) Cn¶w³V {Z‘m©U nÕVr H$m MwZmd,

5) Cn¶w³V {Z‘m©U gm‘J«r H$m MwZmd,

6) {Z‘m©U Ho$ g‘¶ Cn¶wº$ {ZarjU,

7) g‘¶ g‘¶ na gm‘J«r H$m narjU,

8) gw{dYmAm| H$m Cn¶w³V {dñVm[aV ã¶m¡am, Am{X&

{H$gr H$r ^dZ H$s EH$ ‘yb yV Amdí¶H$Vm ¶h ^r h¡ {H$ Ohm± VH$g§ d hmo ^dZ gyIm aho& JrbmnZ, Z‘r, Ob[agmd ^dZ H$s gw§XaVmH$mo Zï> H$aVo h¢& H$B© ~ma Vmo Z‘r H$s A{YH$Vm ^dZ H$mo ahZo ¶mo½¶ ^rZht ahZo XoVr&

Ob[agmd H$s g‘ñ¶m ~hþV Am‘ h¡ AV: BgHo$ H$maU d {ZXmZ H$m{dñV¥V AÜ¶¶Z Ed§ kmZ {g{db B§{O{Z¶a Ho$ {b¶o An[ahm¶© h¡&

^dZ ~ZmZo ‘| BñVo‘mb ‘| bmB© OmZo dmbr bJ^J g^r gm‘J«r H$‘¶m Á¶mXm {N>{Ðb (nmoag)> hmoVr h¡& BªQ>o, H§$H«$sQ>, {g‘o§Q> ‘gmbm

3

(‘moQ>©a) bJ^J g^r MrO| Z‘r H$mo gmoIVr h¢ Ed§ Vmn‘mZ ~‹T>Zo na Z‘rH$mo {ZH$mbVr h¢& Bg Vah ~ma-~ma hmoZodmbr à{H«$¶m go BZ g^r naà{VHy$b Aga n‹S>>Vm h¡& Ohm± ^r nmZr H$m R>hamd ¶m dhmd hmoVm h¡,dhm± nmZr Ho$ AdemofU H$s g§ mdZm àmH¥${VH$ én go Á¶mXm hmoVr h¡&

{MÌ H«$. 1.1 N>V go Ob [agmd

^dZ {Z‘m©U Ho$ ~mX AZwajU Ho$ Xm¡amZ AmZo dmbr {X³H$Vo§ grYo-grYo {Z‘m©U H$s JwUdÎmm na {Z ©a H$aVt h¢& EH$ gwì¶dpñWV {Z‘m©U,~mX ‘| hmoZo dmbr naoem{Z¶m§o H$mo bJ^J 90% VH$ H$‘ H$a gH$Vm h¡&^dZ ‘| ‘w»¶V: Ob[agmd {ZåZ ñWmZm| na hmoVm h¡ :-

1) VhImZo (~og‘|Q>) ‘| Ob [agmd,

2) Ztd go {Xdmbmo§ d ’$e© ‘§o Z‘r H$m AmZm,

3) ñZmZJ¥h, àgmYZ Ed§ agmoB©Ka go Ob [agmd,

4) {Xdmbmo§ ‘| AmB© Xamam§o go Ob[agmd,

4

5) N>V go$ Ob[agmd&

EH$ ^dZ H$mo nyar Vah Z‘r Ed§ Ob [agmd go gwa{jV ~ZmZo Ho${b¶o g^r ñVam| na gmdYmZr H$s Oê$aV h¡&

AmJo AmZo dmbo AÜ¶m¶m| ‘| EH$-EH$ H$a Ho$ gm‘mÝ¶ g‘ñ¶mAm| Ed§CZHo$ {ZdmaU H$m g{dñVma CëboI {H$¶m J¶m h¡&

gm‘mÝ¶V: ¶h XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ {ZåZñVa Ho$ H$m¶©g§nmXZ Ho$ H$maUEd§ K{Q>¶m {Z‘m©U gm‘J«r Ho$ Cn¶moJ go Ztd go AmZo dmbr Z‘r H$mo~‹T>mdm {‘bVm h¡& ^dZ ‘| Bg Vah H$s Z‘r Ho$ H$maU {Xdmbmo§ ‘| Z‘rHo$ Yã~o, ’$e© ‘| JrbmnZ Ed§ H$B© ~ma A{YH$Vm ‘| Ob [agmd nm¶mOmVm h¡& Bg Vah H$s naoemZr, Ztd Ho$ àH$ma Ed§ CnbãY {‘Å>r Ho$àH$ma na ^r {Z ©a H$aVr h¡& bmoS> {~¶[a¨J {Xdmbmo§ na ~Zo ^dZm| ‘| BgVah H$s naoemZr H$s g§ mdZm "’«o$åS> ñQ´>³Ma' H$s Anojm Á¶mXm hmoVrh¡&

1.1 Z‘r Ho$ g§ m{dV H$maU

Ztd go AmZodmbr Z‘r Ed§ ’$e© ‘| JrbonZ Ho$ {ZåZ ‘w»¶ H$maU h¢:-1.1.1 Cƒ ObñVa :- y{‘JV Ob H$m CÀMñVa hr BgH$m ‘w»¶H$maU h¡& gm‘mÝ¶V ¶{X y{‘JV ObñVa O‘rZ go 1.0 go H$‘ h¡ VmonaoemZr Am¡a Á¶mXm ~‹T>Vr h¡&

1.1.2 K{Q>¶m {Z‘m©U gm‘J«r

Eogr {Z‘m©U gm‘J«r Omo H$r ObJ«mhr (dmQ>a EãOmo{~ªJ) hmo, Z‘r H$mo~‹T>mdm XoVr h¡&

1.1.3 S>r.nr.gr (S>oån ày’$ H$mog©)

S>r.nr.gr. H$m Zm hmoZm ¶m C{MV {d{ZX}e (ñno{g{’$Ho$eZ) Ho$AZwgma Zm hmoZm& Eogr gm‘J«r, {OZH$s ObJ«m{hVm {d{ZX}emZwgma hmo,Bg Vah H$s naoemZr H$s H$‘ H$aVr h¡& C{MV VarHo$ go {Z‘m©U Zm hmoZmZ‘r H$m à‘wI H$maU h¡& Omo ^r S>r.nr.gr. ~ZmB© Om¶o dh Vmo ObamoYr

5

hmoZr hr Mm{h¶o& H$B© ~ma 50-70 {‘.‘r. ‘moQ>mB© H$s H§$H«$sQ> (1:2:4) H$mCn¶moJ S>r.nr. gr ‘| {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bg Vah H$s H§$H«$sQ> H$m ObamoYrhmoZm g§ d Zht h¡& H§$H«$sQ> H$mo ObamoYr ~ZmZo Ho$ {b¶o {deof agm¶Zm|,ES>{‘³Ma H$s OéaV hmoVr h¡&

S>r.nr.gr. Z‘r H$mo amoH$Zo ‘| ‘w»¶ y{‘H$m {Z^mVm h¡& S>r.nr.gr. H$sJwUdÎmm Ho$ gmW {Z‘m©U, H$m’$s hX VH$ Z‘r H$mo a>moH$Zo ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVmh¡& C{MV S>r.nr.gr. O¡go H$s 125-150 {‘.‘r. H§$H«$sQ >{Og‘§o Zm‘‘mÌg[a¶m$ S>mbo J¶o hmo§, H§$H«$sQ> H$m AZwnmV 1:1 : 3 hmo Ed§ ObamoYr¶m¡{JH$ H$m BñVo‘mb {H$¶m hmo, Z‘r H$mo amoH$Zo ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVm h¡& BgVah H$m Ama.gr.gr. ~ÝY {OZH$m {Z‘m©U EH$ gmW g^r {Xdmbm| na{H$¶m OmVm h¡, ^dZ H$mo yH§$namoYr ^r ~ZmVm h¡& Bg Vah H$m ~§YWmo‹S>o-~hþV Ag‘mZ Ztd Ho$ ~¡R>Zo Ho$ H$maU AmZodmbr Xamam| H$mo r PobgH$Vm h¡& boIH$ Ho$ ì¶{³VJV AZw d go Bg Vah H$m Ama.gr.gr.~ÝY EH$ CËH¥$ï> S>r. nr. gr. H$m H$m‘ H$aVm h¡&

1.1.4 ñZmZ Ka Ed§ g§S>mg go Ob [agmd

^dZ ‘| Eogo g^r {hñgo Ohm± Ob H$m gVV Cn¶moJ hmoVm hmo,ObamoYr CnMma H$mo H$aZm Oéar h¡& C{MV ObamoYr CnMma {Z‘m©U Ho$g‘¶ H$aZm AË¶{YH$ bm^Xm¶H$ h¡& ~mX ‘o {H$¶o J¶o CnMma CVZoCn¶moJr Zht hmoVo& ^dZ ‘| Ob [agmd go hmoZo dmbo ZwH$gmZ hmoZo Ho$~mX, CnMma H$s Cn¶mo{JVm H$‘ hmo OmVr h¡& ^dZ ‘| hþ¶o ZwH$gmZ H$sj{Vny{V© Zht H$s Om gH$Vr, CgH$mo Am¡a hmoZo go amoH$m Om gH$Vm h¡&AV: ¶h Amdí¶H$ h¡ [H$ {Z‘m©U Ho$ g‘¶ hr Cn¶w³V VarHo$ go ñZmZKad g§S>mg Ho$ ’$e© Ed§ {Xdmb na EH$ gmW ObamoYr CnMma {H$¶m Om¶o&

1.1.5 VhImZo ~og‘oÝQ> ‘| Ob [agmd

gm‘mÝ¶V: aoëdo ‘| VhImZo ~ZmZo H$m àMbZ H$‘ h¡, Á¶mXmVa^dZm| ‘| nm{Hª$J Ho$ {b¶o "pñQ>ëQ>' H$m Cn¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ¶{X H$htVhImZm ~Zm¶m OmVm h¡ Vmo CgHo$ ’$e© Ed§ g^r {Xdmbm| H$m ~mha H$s

6

Va’$ go ObamoYr CnMma hmoZm Amdí¶H$ h¡& g^r VhImZmo ‘| Amdí¶H$Vmn‹S>Zo na nmZr H$mo nån Ûmam ~mha {ZH$mbZo H$s ì¶dñWm hmoZr Mm{h¶o&BgHo$ {b¶o ’$e© ‘| n¶m©á ‹T>bmZ Ho$ gmW EH$ Amoa nmZr BH$Ç>m H$aZo H$sì¶dñWm (gån) hmoZm Mm{h¶o& gån H$m AmH$ma {ZpíMV H$aVo d³Vnån Ho$ ’y$Q>dmëd H$m AmH$ma Ed§ nån H$s j‘Vm H$m »¶mb aIm OmZmMm{h¶o& Eogr OJh H$‘ "{S>ñMmO©' dmbo nån H$m Cn¶moJ R>rH$ ahVm h¡&

1.1.6 {Xdmbm| ‘| AmB© Xamam§o go Ob [agmd

{Xdmbm| ‘o§ Xmo Vah H$s Xamao§ hmo gH$Vr h¢, EH$ Vah H$s Xama|Ama.gr.gr. Ed§ BªQ> H$m¶© Ho$ ~rM ¶m {’$a Xÿgar Vah H$s Xama| ^dZH$s Ztd ‘| Ag‘mZ ~¡R>H$ Ho$ H$maU& nhbr Vah H$s Xamam| H$m CnMmaVwbZmË‘H$ én go gab h¡& {Z‘m©U Ho$ Hw$N> gmbm| Ho$ ~mX Bg Vah H$sXama| AmZm ¶m ~‹T>Zm ~§X hmo OmVr h¢& ßbmñQ>a H$aVo d³V Ombr({MH$Z ‘oe) H$m Cn¶moJ H$aZo go r Xamam| go ~Mm Om gH$Vm h¡& ~mhar{Xdmbm| ‘| ßbmñQ>a ‘| Xamao§ Vmn‘mZ Ho$ CVma- MT>md Ho$ H$maU ^rAmVr h¢& gr‘|Q> ‘o§ {gHw$‹S>>Z ({e«§Ho$O) Ho$ H$maU AmZo dmbr Xamam| H$moH$‘ H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o, ~mhar Xrdmbm| na Xmo ñVa ‘| ßbmñQ>a bm^Xm¶rhmoVm h¡& ßbmñQ>a H$aVo g‘¶ noZb ~ZmZo go ^r {gHw$‹S>Z Ho$ H$maUAmZodmbr Xamam| go ~Mm Om gH$Vm h¡&

1.1.7 N>V go Ob [agmd

nyao ^dZ ‘| N>V go Ob[agmd H$s g‘ñ¶m g~go ~‹S>r d ^¶mdh hmogH$Vr h¡& N>V H$s g‘ñ¶m ‘ybV: {ZåZ ñVa Ho$ {Z‘m©U H$m n[aUm‘ h¡&

N>V go Ob Ho$ [agmd Ho$ {ZåZ ‘w»¶ H$maU h¢ :-

i) n¶m©á ‹T>>bmZ H$m Zm hmoZm,

ii) H§$H«$sQ> H$s JwUdÎmm Iam~ hmoZm,

iii) ObamoYr CnMma H$m Zm hmoZm ¶m JwUdÎmm R>rH$ Z hmoZm,

7

iv) nmZr Ho$ {ZH$mg hoVw dfm©Ob nmBn H$m AmH$ma Ed§ Xyar Cn¶w³VZm hmoZm, Am{X&

^dZm| Ho$ ObamoYr CnMma H$mo ‘w»¶V: Xmo {hñgm| ‘| ~m±Q>m Om gH$Vmh¡ :-

i) {Z‘m©U Ho$ g‘¶ na ObamoYr CnMma

ii) nwamZo ^dZm| H$m ObamoYr CnMma

AmJo AmZo dmbo AÜ¶m¶m| ‘| Z¶o ^dZm| Ed§ nwamZo ^dZm| Ho$ CnMmaHo$ ~mao ‘| {dñV¥V {ddaU {X¶m J¶m h¡&

� � �

8

1.0 Z¶o ^dZm| H$s ¶moOZm ~ZmVo g‘¶ ñZmZJ¥h, àgmYZ, agmoB©Ka ‘|nmZr Ho$ nmBn H$m {dÝ¶mg (bo AmD$Q>) Ed§ Ob {ZH$mgr H$s ì¶dñWmH$m {dñV¥V {ddaU {X¶m OmZm Mm{hE&

^dZ Ho$ AbJ-AbJ {hñgm| ‘| Z‘r Ed§ Ob[agmd Ho$ H$maU ^rAbJ-AbJ hmoVo h¢ AV: CZHo$ {b¶o Cn¶w³V CnMma ^r [deof àH$maH$m hmoVm h¡& {Z‘m©U Ho$ ha ñVa na JwUdÎmm H$m nmbZ hr EH$‘mÌ VarH$mh¡, {Oggo nyao {Z‘m©U H$s JwUdÎmm gw{ZpíMV H$s Om gH$Vr h¡& {Z‘m©U‘| bJZo dmbr gm‘J«r H$m M¶Z CgH$s JwUdÎmm Ed§ H$m¶© H$aVo g‘¶Amdí¶H$ gmdYm{Z¶m| H$m nmbZ EH$ AÀN>o ^dZ Ho$ {b¶o Amdí¶H$ h¡&

2.0 Z¶o ^dZm| H$mo ~ZmVo g‘¶ {ZåZ {hñgm| ‘| Á¶mXm gmdYmZrH$s Oê$aV hmoVr h¡ :-

i) N>V,

ii) ñZmZJ¥h, àgmYZ, agmoB©Ka BË¶m{X,

iii) ~mhar {Xdmb§o,

iv) S>r.nr.gr. Ed§,

v) VhImZo&

3.0 N>V H$m ObamoYr CnMma :-

3.1 N>V go Ob [agmd Ho$ ‘w»¶ H$maU :-

AÜ`m` 2


9

3.1.1 N>V H$s ‹T>bmZ :-

N>V H$s ‹T>bmZ H$m {ZU©¶ boVo g‘¶ h‘| »¶mb aIZm h¡ {H$ N>VAÝ¶Wm Cn¶moJ ‘| br OmVr h¡ (Ego{g{~b) ¶m Zht (Zm°Z Ego{g{~b)&{OZ N>Vm| Ho$ Cna ~mX ‘| {Z‘m©U (A{V[a³V ‘§{Ob) Zht hmoZm h¡, ‘|A{YH$ go A{YH$ ‹T>bmZ XoZm R>rH$ ahVm h¡& N>V ‘| ‹T>bmZ 1:100 ¶mCggo A{YH$ aIZm n¶m©á h¡&

gm‘mÝ¶V: N>V ‘| ‹T>bmZ 1:60 go 1: 100 Ho$ ~rM aIm OmZm Mm{h¶o&Á¶mXm ‹T>bmZ hmoZo go dfm©Ob OëXr go OëXr ~mha {ZH$b Om¶oJm Am¡a[agmd H$s g§ mdZm H$‘ hmo OmVr h¡&

N>V ‘| ‹T>bmZ XoZo Ho$ {b¶o A³ga A{V[a³V H§$H«$sQ> H$m BñVo‘mb{H$¶m OmVm h¡& EH$ Va’$ H$‘ ‘moQ>mB© H$s Ed§ Xÿgar Va’$ Á¶mXm ‘moQ>mB©H$s H§$H«$sQ> H$m BñVo‘mb EH$ gm‘mÝ¶ ~mV h¡& Bg Vah H$s H§$H«$sQ>A{V[aº$ ^ma XoVr h¡& N>V H$s ‹‹T>bmB© Ho$ g‘¶ hr Cg‘| ‹T>bmZ XoZm EH$AÀN>m {dH$ën h¡& N>V H$s "eQ>qa>J' ‘| ‹T>bmZ XoZo Ho$ {b¶o {Xdmbmo§ ‘|Cna Cn¶w³V ‹T>bmZ {X¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& ¶{X ^dZ Ama.gr. gr. Iå~oAm¡a ~råg na ~Zm h¡ Vmo ~r‘ ‘| ‹T>bmZ XoZm ^r g§ d h¡& D$nar N>Vna ‹T>bmZ Ho$ gmW-gmW Cn¶w³V ObamoYr CnMma H$s ^r Oê$aV h¡&

3.1.2 N>V na [agmd Ho$ g§ m{dV ñWmZ :-

N>Vm§o ‘| dfm©Ob hoVw bJm¶o J¶o nmBn, H$‘aH$Å>m (noamnoQ>) d N>VH$s ñbo~ Ho$ Omo‹S> H$m ñWmZ, {Z‘m©U Ho$ Xm¡amZ N>mo‹S>o J¶o Omo‹S> (H§$ñQ´>³eZÁdmB§Q>) Ed§ {dñVma Omo‹S> (E³gn|eZ ÁdmB§Q>), Ob [agmd Ho$ g§ m{dVñWmZ h¢& BZ g^r ñWmZm| na {Z‘m©U Ho$ Xm¡amZ C{MV gmdYmZr ~aVZoH$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡&

3.1.3 dfm©Ob nmBn :-

N>V go OëX go OëX dfm©Ob H$m {ZH$mg hmoZm Mm{h¶o& dfm©ObnmBn H$m AmH$ma Ed§ Xÿar (S>m¶‘rQ>a Ed§ ñnoqgJ), N>V Ho$ AmH$ma Ed§

10

dfm© H$s Vrd«Vm na {Z ©a h¡& ^m. ao. H$m. g§{hVm ‘o| BgH$m {ddaU{ZåZmZwgma h¡ :-

Q>o~b -1

N>V Ho$ dfm©Ob nmB©n H$m ì¶mg ({‘.‘r.)

Am¡gV dfm© ({‘.‘r.)/K§Q>o ‘|

50 75 100 125 150 200

50 13.4 8.7 6.6 5.3 4.4 3.3

65 24.1 16.0 12.0 9.6 8.0 6.0

75 40.8 27.0 20.4 16.3 13.6 10.2

100 85.4 57.0 42.7 34.2 28.5 21.3

125 - - 80.5 64.3 53.5 40.0

150 - - - - 83.6 62.7

3.2 dfm©Ob nmBn H$mo bJmZm :-

àm¶: ¶h XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ dfm©Ob nmBn bJmZo Ho$ {b¶o noamnoQ> ‘|N>oX {H$¶m OmVm h¡ Am¡a {’$a nmB©n bJmZo Ho$ ~mX My±{H$ CgH$m CnMmaR>rH$ go Zht hmoVm, Vmo ¶hr N>oX Ob[agmd H$m H$maU ~Z OmVm h¡&nmBn Ho$ A§Xa H$m ñVa (BÝdQ>© bodb) N>V H$s VwbZm ‘§o H$‘ go H$‘25 {‘. ‘r. ZrMo hmo {Oggo nmZr Ho$ éH$Zo H$s g§ mdZm Z hmo&

dfm©Ob nmBn H$mo bJmZo Ho$ {b¶o {ddaU {MÌ H«$ 2.1 ‘| Xem©¶m J¶mh¡&

dfm©Ob nmBn H$mo Xrdmb Ho$ gmW bJmZo Ho$ {b¶o Cn¶w³V g§gmYZmoH$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmZm Mm{h¶o&

dfm©Ob nmB©n Ho$ ‘whmZo na Ombr bJmZr Mm{h¶o AÝ¶Wm Cg‘|H$Mam Am{X ’$gZo H$s g§ mdZm hmoVr h¡, {Og H$maU go N>V na nmZrH$m âmd, Ob [agmd H$m ~‹T>mdm Xo gH$Vm h¡&

nmBnH$m ì¶mg N>V H$m

joÌ’$b dJ© ‘r.‘|

11

{MÌ H«$ 2.1

dfm©Ob nmBn Ho$ ‘whmZo H$mo ~agmV Ho$ nhbo gm’$ H$aZo H$s ì¶dñWmhmoZr Mm{h¶o, Ed§ ~agmV Ho$ ‘m¡g‘ ‘| ^r Bg ~mV H$m »¶mb aIZmMm{h¶o&

12

3.3 H$‘aH$Å>m (noamnoQ>) Ed§ N>V H$m Omo‹S> :-

N>Vm| ‘| noamnoQ> ~ZmVo g‘¶ Bg ~mV H$m »¶mb aIZm Mm{h¶o H$sCgHo$ Omo‹S> go Ob [agmd Zm hmo& My±{H$ Ama.gr.gr. H$s N>V Ed§ BªQ> H$s~Zr noamnoQ> ‘| Omo‹S> R>rH$ go Zht hmo nmVm h¡ AV: Bg ñWmZ goOb[agmd H$s g§ mdZm ~Zr ahVr h¡& N>V H$s ‹T>bmB© Ho$ AJbo {XZ hr¶{X EH$ ¶m Xmo BªQ> H$s {MZmB© H$a Xr Om¶o Vmo Bg Omo‹S> go Ob[agmdH$s g§ mdZm H$‘ hmo OmVr h¡& N>V H$s ZB© H§$H«$sQ> Ed§ BªQ>H$m¶© Ho$ ‘gmbo‘o nH$‹S> AÀN>r ~ZVr h¡ Ed§ BªQ>H$m¶© H$s VamB© (³¶y[a¨J) N>V Ho$ gmW-gmW n¶m©á hmo OmVr h¡ Omo {H$ AÝ¶Wm CVZr AÀN>r Vah Zht hmonmVr h¡& C³V Omo‹S> go Ob[agmd H$mo amoH$Zo Ho$ {b¶o ObamoYr CnMmaH$s Amdí¶H$Vm ^r hmoVr h¡&

{MÌ H«$. 2.2 Ed§ 2.3 ‘| Bg Omo‹S> Ho$ CnMma H$m {ddaU {X¶m J¶m h¡&

{MÌ H«$ 2.2

13

{MÌ H«$ 2.3

Bg Vah Ho$ Omo‹S> na {ZåZ gmdYm{Z¶m± ~aVr OmZr Mm{h¶o :-

i) Omo‹S>> na {’$boQ> H$mo grYm ¶m AdVb (H$m°ZHo$d) hmoZm Mm{h¶o&CËVb (H$m°Ýdo³g) ¶m C^maXma Zht hmoZm Mm{h¶o& BgH$m ‘mnH$‘ go H$‘ 75 x 75 {‘. ‘r. hmo Ed§ nyar b§~mB© ‘| ~Zm¶m Om¶o&

ii) H$‘aH$Å>m (noamnoQ>) Ho$ Cna ‘w§S>oa (H$moqnJ) na n¶m©á ‹T>bmZEd§ nmZr nÅ>r ({S´>n H$mog©) ~ZmZr Mm{h¶o&

iii) ObamoYr CnMma N>V Ho$ gmW-gmW H$‘aH$Å>m (noamnoQ>) naH$‘ go H$‘ 150 {‘. ‘r. Cna VH$ H$aZm Mm[h¶o&

BªQ> H$s Xrdmb na N>V H$mo nyar Mm¡‹S>mB© ‘o Zht aIZm Mm{h¶o, O¡gm{H$ {MÌ ‘| {XIm¶m J¶m h¡& ¶{X ~mha go 125 {‘.‘r. A§Xa VH$ N>VH$mo ~Zm¶m Om¶o Vmo, Bg ñWmZ na ~mha H$s Va’$ AmZodmbr Xamam| go~Mm Om gH$Vm h¡&

14

N>V H$mo ¶{X BªQ> H$s Xrdmb go 300 go 400 {‘.‘r. ~mha {ZH$mb {X¶mOm¶o Vmo Am¡a ^r AÀN>m h¡& àm¶: ¶h XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ N>V Ho$ R>rH$ ZrMoBªQ>> H$s Xrdmb ‘| Xama OmVr h¡& Bg Vah H$s Xamam| go ~MZo Ho$ {b¶oEd§ ¶{X Xama AmVr h¡ Vmo Cggo Ob[agmd amoH$Zo Ho$ {b¶o N>V H$mo ~mha{ZH$mbZm R>rH$ h¡ Eogm H$aZo go ~mhar Xrdmbm| na hmoZo dmbm ßbmñQ>a^r N>moQ>o {hñgm| ‘| ~§Q> OmVm h¡ Am¡a g§Hw$MZ (qe«Ho$O) Ho$ H$maU hmoZodmbr Xamam| ‘| H$‘r AmVr h¡&

{MÌ H«$ 2.4

3.4 H$‘ C±MmB© Ho$ H$‘aH$Å>m (noamnoQ>) H$m ObamoYr CnMma :-

Eogr N>V| Ohm± OmZo Ho$ {b¶o gr‹T>r H$m àmdYmZ Zht h¡ (Zm°ZEgo{g~b) dhm± na àm¶: H$‘ D±$MmB© Ho$ H$‘aH$Å>m (noamnoQ>) ~ZmB©OmVr h¡& Eogr pñW{V ‘| ObamoYr CnMma H$mo nyar D±$MmB© VH$ bo OmZmMm{h¶o Ed§ Xÿgar Amoa H$‘ go H$‘ 50 {‘.‘r. VH$ ObamoYr CnMma hmoZmMm{h¶o&

15

Bgr Vah N>V Ho$ ~rM ‘| CëQ>r ~r‘ (BÝdQ>}S> ~r‘) ¶m {S>dmBS>admb H$m CnMma ^r H$aZm Mm{h¶o& nyar Xrdmb H$mo EH$ Va’$ go XÿgarVa’$ VH$ EH$ gmW CnMm[aV H$aZm Mm{h¶o& Bg CnMma H$mo N>V Ho$CnMma Ho$ Cna (H$‘ go H$‘ 200 {‘.‘r. VH$) bo OmZm Mm{h¶o&

{MÌ H«$ 2.5

3.5 Cna {ZH$bo nmBnmo§ H$m CnMma :-

Ohm± na ^r N>V Ho$ ~mha nmB©n {ZH$bo hm§o, Eogr OJhm| na nmB©n Ho$g^r Va’$ H$‘ go H$‘ 75 x 75 {‘.‘r. gr‘|Q> H§$H«$sQ> H$m {’$boQ> ~ZmZmMm{h¶o& nmB©n na YmVw H$s MmXa nmZr H$mo amoH$Zo Ho$ {b¶o (H$m°ba) {Ogna Mma ¶m N>: ñVar¶ ObamoYr CnMma {H$¶m hmo (O¡gm {H$ {MÌ ‘|Xem©¶m J¶m h¡) H$s ì¶dñWm H$s OmZr Mm{h¶o& H§$H«$sQ> âboqeJ H$s‹T>bmZ nmBn go Xÿa hmoVr Mm{h¶o Ed§ H§$H«$sQ> d nmBn Ho$ ~rM H$moB© ^rOJh (J¡n) Zht hmoZr Mm{h¶o& H§$H«$sQ> ‘§o nmB©n Ho$ g^r Va’$ hbH$m gmIm±Mm (J«yd) ~ZmZm Mm{h¶o {Og‘o§ {H$ ~mX ‘| {~Qw>{‘Z âm Om gHo$&nmBn na YmVw H$s MmXa H$m ~Zm e§Hw$ AmH$ma H$m H$m°ba bJmVo d³VCgH$m AmH$ma BVZm ~‹S>m hmo {H$ nmZr "H§$H«$sQ> âboqeJ' Ho$ ~mhar ‹T>bmZna {Jao&

16

{MÌ H«$ 2.6

3.6 dfm©Ob nmBnm| H$m noamnoQ> go Omo‹S> :-

dfm©Ob nmB©nmo§ Ho$ ‘whmZo na ^r N>V na {H$¶o J¶o CnMma H$s Vahhr CnMma H$aZm Mm{h¶o& Bg Vah H$m CnMma nmB©n Ho$ ‘whmZo Ho$ A§XaH$‘ go H$‘ 100 {‘. ‘r. VH$ H$aZm Mm{h¶o& N>V na CnMma H$s naV‘whmZo Ho$ CnMma Ho$ Cna H$‘ go H$‘ 100 {‘.‘r. (Amodab¡n) bo OmZmMm{h¶o&

nmB©n Ho$ ‘whmZo ‘§o ZrMo Ed§ ~Jb ‘| d N>V Ho$ CnMma Ho$ g^r Omo‹S>(Amodab¡n) Ob ~hmd H$s {Xem ‘| hmoZm Mm{h¶o&

dfm©Ob nmBn Ho$ ‘whmZo N>V H$s gVh go bJ^J 25 {‘. ‘r. ZrMo hmoZoMm{h¶o&

ZrMo {X¶o {MÌ H«$. 2.7 ‘| {ddaU ñnï> {H$¶m J¶m h¡&

17

{MÌ H«$ 2.7

3.7 ObamoYr CnMma :-

N>Vmo§ na {H$¶m J¶m CnMma Bg ~mV na {Z ©a H$aVm h¡ {H$ N>V naAmZo OmZo H$s gw{dYm (Eogo{g~b) h¡ ¶m Zht& ¶{X AmZo OmZo H$sgw{dYm h¡ Am¡a N>V H$m AÝ¶ Cn¶moJ ^r hmoVm h¡ Vmo {ZpíMV én goObamoYr CnMma N>V Ho$ Cn¶moJ ‘| ~mYH$ Zht hmoZm Mm{h¶o&

3.7.1 nhþ±M gw{dYmhrZ (Zm°Z Ego{g{~b) N>Vm| H$m CnMma :-

Eogr N>Vmo§ na {OZH$m Cn¶§moJ Zht hmoVm Ed§ Ohm± nhþ±MZo H$s gw{dYmZht (Zm°Z Ego{g{~b) h¡, Amdí¶H$Vm go A{YH$ ‹T>bmZ XoZm Cn¶moJrhmoVm h¡& My±{H$ N>V H$m AÝ¶Wm H$moB© Cn¶moJ Zht h¡ AV: Á¶mXm ‹T>bmZgo H$moB© naoemZr Zht hmoVr& Á¶mXm ‹T>bmZ Ho$ H$maU dfm©Ob H$m {ZH$mgH$‘ go H$‘ g‘¶ g| hmo OmVm h¡ Omo {H$ Ob[agmd H$s Ñ{ï> go Cn¶moJrh¡&

18

Bg Vah H$s N>Vmo§ na ObamoYr CnMma hoVw {~Qw>{‘Z AmYm[aVgm‘J«r Cn¶w³V h¡&

3.7.2 nhþ±M gw{dYm¶w³V (Ego{g~b) N>V§o :-

Eogr N>Vmo§ na {OZH$m Cn¶moJ hmoVm h¡ dfm©Ob {ZH$mgr hoVw ‹T>bmZ{OVZr H$s Oê$aV h¡, Cggo Á¶mXm Zht XoZm Mm{h¶o& Cnar gVh BgàH$ma ~ZmB© Om¶o {H$ Cn¶moJ ‘| {X³H$V Zm hmo& ObamoYr CnMma Ho$ ~mXH§$H«$sQ> Q>mB©ëg, goam{‘H$ Q>mBëg ¶m Qy>Q>o hþB© Q>mBëg Ho$ Qw>H$S>o 40 {‘.‘r. ‘moQ>o gr‘|Q> ‘gmbo Ho$ gmW bJm¶o Om¶§o&

CnMma hoVw AmB©.nr.Eg. (B§{S>¶Z noQ>|Q> ñQ>moZ) {Og‘§o ghr Xÿar naOmo‹S>> {X¶o J¶o hm§o Am¡a Omo‹S>m§o H$mo {~Qw>‘oZ Ed§ aoV go â {X¶m Om¶o,EH$ CÎm‘ VarH$m h¡& Bg Vah H$s N>Vm§o na A§{V‘ gVh H$s ‹T>bmZ,bmoH$b {S>àoeZ H$m C{MV »¶mb aIZm Mm{h¶o&

3.8 {~Qw>‘oZ AmYm[aV gm‘J«r H$m {ddaU :-

~mOma ‘o H$B© àH$ma H$s {~Qw>‘oZ AmYm[aV gm‘J«r {‘bVr h¡, {OZHo$AbJ-AbJ JwU Ed§ Cn¶mo{JVm h¡& ‘w»¶V: ¶o hmBS´>moH$m~©Z h¢ Am¡aBZ‘§o Hw$N> gm‘mÝ¶ JwU hmoVo h¢, O¡go H$s W‘m}-{dñH$mo{gQ>r ({Mn{MnmnZ),{MnH$Zo H$s j‘Vm (Amg§OZ - ES>ho{gdZog) {Q>H$mD$nZ (S²>¶yao{~{bQ>r)Ed§ ObamoYr, BZ JwUm| Ho$ H$maU BÝh| ajmË‘H$ VËd, Amg§OH$ (ES>ho{gd)Ed§ grb|Q> H$s Vah Cn¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& {~Qw>‘oZ AmYm[aV nXmW©A³ga BñVo‘mb hmoVo h¢, AV: CZHo$ JwUY‘© Cn¶mo{JVm Am{X Ho$ ~mao‘o§ OmZH$mar hmoZm Amdí¶H$ h¡& {~Qw>‘oZ AmYm[aV nXmWm] H$mo IS : 334-1982 Ho$ AZwgma {ZåZ àH$mam| ‘§o {d^m{OV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡ :-

3.8.1 {~Qw>‘oZ :-

¶h EH$ Jm‹T>m, {Mn{Mnm Jhao yao H$mbo a§J H$m nXmW© h¡& ¶h EH$noQ´>mo{b¶‘ O{ZV nXmW© h¡ Ed§ H$m~©ZS>mB© gë’$mB©S> ‘| H$m’$s KwbZerbh¡& "ñQ´>oQ> aZ {~Qw>‘oZ' H$ƒo Vob (H«y$S> Am°B©b) go AmgdZ à{H$¶m Ûmam

19

grYo àmá {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ¶h AË¶{YH$ Jm‹T>m Ed§ {Mn{Mnm hmoVm h¡, Ed§Cn¶moJ ‘o bmZo ¶mo½¶ ~ZmZo hoVw {ZåZ à{H$¶m¶| BñVo‘mb H$s OmVr h¢ :-

i) J‘© {~Qw>‘oZ :- {Mn{Mnm Ed§ Jm‹T>mnZ H$‘ H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o Bgo J‘©{H$¶m OmVm h¡&

ii) H$Q> ~¡H$ {~Qw>‘oZ :- {Mn{Mnm Ed§ Jm‹T>mnZ H$‘ H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o BgonoQ´>mo{b¶‘ Amg{dV nXmWm] ‘| Kmobm OmVm h¡& Bg H$m¶© hoVw‘w»¶V: J°gmo{bZ, Ho$amo{gZ ¶m ^mar BªYZ Vobm§o H$m Cn¶moJ{H$¶m OmVm h¡&

iii) B‘ëeZ (nm¶gZ){~Qw>‘oZ :- nmZr ‘| {~Qw>‘oZ Ho$ N>moQ>o- N>moQ>oH$Um§o H$mo {‘bmH$a gñno§eZ Kmob ~Zm¶m OmVm h¡, My±{H$ nmZr ‘§o¶h AKwbZerb h¡ Vmo BñVo‘mb H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o {N>‹S>H$Zo na nmZrHo$ dmpînV hmoZo na {~Qw>‘oZ H$s EH$ naV ~M OmVr h¡&

iv) Am¡Úmo{JH$ (B§S>pñQ´>¶b) {~Qw>‘oZ (IS: 702-1988):- H$B© dJm] Ho$Am¡Úmo{JH$ {~Qw>‘oZ CnbãY h¢¡, {OÝh§o CZHo$ ‘wbm¶‘ q~Xÿ (gm°pâZJnmB§Q>) Ho$ AZwgma dJuH¥$V {H$¶m J¶m h¡:-

1) 85/40 2) 85/25 3) 90/15

4) 115/15 5) 135/10 Ed§ 6) 155/6

Cn¶w©³V Xmo A§H$ ‘| nhbm A§H$ {~Qw>‘oZ H$m go.J«o. ‘| ‘wbm¶‘ q~Xþh¡ Ed§ Xygam A§H$ ‘wbm¶‘ q~Xÿ na CgH$s H$R>moaVm ¶m Jm‹T>mnZH$m ‘mn h¡& Bg hoVw, IS : 1203-1978 Ho$ AZwgma {H$¶o J¶onarjU go ¶h A§H$ àmá {H$¶m OmVm h¡, Omo {H$ {~Qw>‘oZ Ho$ 250

go. J«o. na H$R>moaVm ¶m Jm‹T>onZ H$m ÚmoVH$ h¡& BgH$mo {‘. ‘r. ‘|‘mnm OmVm h¡& dJ© 85/40 H$m ‘Vb~ h¡ {H$ 850 go. J«o. na BgdJ© H$m {~Qw>‘oZ Za‘ hmo Om¶oJm Ed§ 250 na 40 {‘.‘r. ‘mZH$narjU ‘| gwB© H$m Kwgmd hmoJm& (H¥$n¶m IS : 1203-1978 H$moXoI|)

20

v) n³H$s g‹S>H$ Ho$ {b¶o {~Qw>‘oZ (noqdJ {~Qw>‘oZ)(IS : 73-2013):-

Bg Vah Ho$ {~Qw>‘oZ H$m Cn¶moJ n³H$s g‹S>H$ ~ZmZo Ho$ {b¶ohmoVm h¡ Ed§ {d{^Þ àH$ma Ho$ CnbãY dJm] H$m MwZmd OJh Ho$Am¡gV hdm Ho$ Vmn‘mZ na {Z ©a H$aVm h¡& {d{^Þ dJ© VG10,

VG20, VG30, VG40 h¡& {ÛVr¶ A§H$ 10,20,30 ¶m 40 hdm Ho$ 7{XZ H$m A{YH$V‘ Am¡gVZ Vmn‘mZ h¡ & Bg {~Qw>‘oZ H$mo òmoVHo$ AmYma na ^r dJuH¥$V {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

(vi) ãbm°Z {~Qw>‘oZ :- {~Qw>‘oZ Ho$ JwUY‘© ~XbZo Ho$ {b¶o CÀM VmnEd§ Xm~ na hdm H$mo {~Qw>‘oZ ‘| àdoe H$amVo h¢, Eogo {~Qw>‘oZ H$moãbm°Z {~Qw>‘oZ H$hVo h¢& Bg Vah Ho$ {~Qw>‘oZ H$mo Za‘ H$aZo Ho${b¶o Á¶mXm Vmn‘mZ H$mo OéaV hmoVr h¡ Ed§ ¶h OëXr ~hVm^r Zht h¡&

(vii) gwYm[aV (‘m°{S>’$mBS>) {~Qw>‘oZ :- ãbm°Z {~Qw>‘oZ ‘| Omo JwUY‘©Ja‘ hdm Ho$ Ûmam àmá {H$¶o OmVo h¢ dhr gwYm[aV {~Qw>‘oZ ‘|agm¶{ZH$ à[H«$¶m Ûmam àmá {H$¶o OmVo h¢& ãbm°Z {~Qw>‘oZ ‘|hëHo$ Vob {ZH$b OmVo h¢ O~{H$ gwYm[aV {~Qw>‘oZ ‘| hëHo $VobZht {ZH$bVo, AV: Eogo {~Qw>‘oZ H$m bM>rbmnZ Ed§ Anj¶(d|X[a¨J) j‘Vm ~Zr ahVr h¡& gwYm[aV {~Qw>‘oZ ~ZmZo Ho$ {b¶ogm‘mÝ¶V: Xmo Vah Ho$ nm°{b‘a H$m BñVo‘mb hmoVm h¡&

EQ>op³Q>H$ nmobràmo{nbrZ (E.nr.nr.) EH$ ßbmñQ>mo‘a h¡ O~ {H${g³d|ñS> ã¶yamS>mBZ ñQ>mBarZ (Eg.~r.Eg.) EH$ BbmñQ>mo‘a h¡&E.nr.nr. gwYm[aV {~Qw>‘oZ Á¶mXm ‘O~yV, H$‹S>m, Á¶mXm Vmn‘mZna H$‘ ~hZo dmbm Ed§ Á¶mXm AÀN>o ObamoYr JwUm| dmbm hmoVmh¡& O~ {H$ Eg.~r.Eg. gwYm[aV {~Qw>‘oZ Á¶mXm bMrbm hmoVmh¡& XmoZm| àH$ma Ho$ gwYm[aV {~Qw>‘oZ AëQ´>m dm¶boQ> {H$aUm| Ho$à{V AÀN>o à{VamoYH$ hmoVo h¢ Ed§ CZH$m Anj¶ ^r H$‘ hmoVm

21

h¡& Bgr H$maU go AmOH$b "{~Qw>‘oZ ’o$ëQ²>g' ‘§o ãbm°Z {~Qw>‘oZH$s OJh gwYm[aV {~Qw>‘oZ H$m BñVo‘mb hmoVm h¡&

3.8.2 Eñ’$mëQ> :-

¶h EH$ àmH¥${VH$ én go nm¶m OmZo dmbm nXmW© h¡ {Og‘| {~Qw>‘oZ‘| AÝ¶ {ZpîH«$¶ I{ZO nXmW© {‘bo hþ¶o hmoVo h¢& Prb go àmá ¶m MÅ>mZgo àmá Eñ’$mëQ >H$mo "boH$ Eñ’$mëQ>' ¶m "am°H$ Eñ’$mëQ>' Ho$ Zm‘ goOmZm OmVm h¡&

3.8.3 Q>ma :-

¶h EH$ {Mn{Mnm nXmW© h¡ {Ogo H$mob, nrQ>, bH$‹S>r ¶m AÝ¶H$m~©{ZH$ nXmWm] Ho$ §OH$ AmgdZ ({S>ñQ´>p³Q>d {S>pñQ>boeZ) Ûmamàmá {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

"H$mobQ>ma {nM' H$ÀMo Vob Ho$ grYo AmgdZ ‘| ~Mm hþAm nXmW© h¡&Bggo H$B© àH$ma Ho$ ObamoYr, {MnH$mZo dmbo à{VajH$ nXmW© ~Zm¶oOmVo h¢&

3.9 N>Vmo§ Ho$ ObamoYr CnMma Ho$ {d{^Þ VarHo$ :-

N>Vm§o Ho$ ObamoYr CnMma Ho$ {b¶o ‘w»¶V: {ZåZ àH$ma Ho$ VarHo$AnZm¶o OmVo h¢ :-

1) ‘S> ’w$ñH$m Q>oao[g§J (IS :2115-1980)

2) bmB‘ (MyZm) H§$H«$sQ> Q>ooaoqgJ (IS : 3036-1992)

3) nmobr{WZ {’$ë‘²g

4) nmobr‘a gr‘|Q> Kmoob

5) nmobr‘a ‘mo{S>’$mB©S> {~Qw>‘oZ ‘oå~o«Z

6) {~Qw>‘oZ ’o$ëQ>²g

22

7) {~Qw>‘oZ ‘opñQ>H$ (IS : 4365-1967)

Cn¶©w³V ObamoYr CnMmamo§ ‘§o go H$m¡Z gr nÕVr R>rH$ ahoJr, BgH$mMwZmd {ZåZ ~mVmo§ na {Z ©a H$aVm h¡ :-

1) ñWmZr¶ Obdm¶w,

2) N>V H$m AmH$ma,

3) ^dZ H$m ‘hËd,

4) CnMma H$s bmJV,

5) N>V H$m Cn¶moJ,

6) Cî‘mamoYr CnMma H$s Amdí¶H$Vm,

7) ^dZ H$m ñWmZ (bmoHo$eZ),

Cn¶w©º$ ~mVmo§ Ho$ Abmdm gm‘J«r Ed§ Hw$eb H$m‘Jmam§o H$s CnbãYVmH$m ^r »¶mb aIm OmZm Mm{h¶o& AÀN>r Ed§ ‘±hJr gm‘J«r H$m AHw$ebH$m‘Jmam§o Ûmam Cn¶moJ Ano{jV n[aUm‘ Zht XoVm h¡&

ObamoYr CnMma H$aZo Ho$ nhbo àma§{^H$ H$m¶m] H$m {ZînmXZ R>rH$ gohmoZm Oê$ar h¡& N>V H$s gVh nyar Vah gm’$ hmo, H$moB© ^r D$na go {JaonXmW© (byμO ‘Q>o[a¶b), ‘gmbm BË¶m{X Zm hmo& ¶{X {~Qw>‘oZ H$moqQ>JH$aZm hmo Vmo N>V nyar Vah go gyIr hmo, N>V H$s gVh H$m Vmam§o Ho$ ~«eEd§ Q>mQ> ’$Q²>Q>r go gm’$ H$a| Ed§ nyar Vah go gyIr N>V na {‘Å>r Ho$ Vob‘o§ ^rJo H$n‹S>o go g’$mB© H$ao§, Bggo {~Qw>‘oZ H$s nH$‹S> ~‹T> Om¶oJr&

3.9.1 ‘S> ’w$ñH$m CnMma (IS : 2115- 1980) :-

Bg Vah H$m N>V Ho$ D$na {H$¶o OmZo dmbm CnMma gm‘mÝ¶V: J‘©Ed§ gyIo ñWmZm| na Cn¶w³V hmoVm h¡, Ohm± Á¶mXm dfm© Z hmoVr hmo& BgCnMma ‘o {ZåZ àH$ma H$s Vh| {~N>mB© OmVr h¢ :-

23

i) Ja‘ {~Qw>‘oZ 80/100 ¶m g‘H$j H$s$EH$ naV,

ii) ‘S> ’w$ñH$m H$s 100 {‘.‘r. Am¡gV ‘moQ>mB© H$s naV {Og‘| "nS>b³bo' IS :2115 Ho$ AZwgma hmo&

iii) nS>b ³bo Ed§ wgo Ho$ gmW {‘lU ( wgm, 30 go 35 {H$. J«m. à{VKZ ‘r. {‘Å>r) 25 {‘.‘r. ‘moQ>mB© H$m ßbmñQ>a&

iv) gr‘|Q> Ho$ ‘gmbo (1:3) Ho$ D$na EH$ ¶m Xmo naV {‘Å>r H$sQ>mBb&

3.9.1.1 ‘S> ’w$ñH$m ‘| BñVo‘mb hmoZo dmbr gm‘J«r:-

‘S> ’w$ñH$m Ho$ {b¶o {‘Å>r H$m MwZmd :- Cn¶moJ hoVw {‘Å>r ‘| J«odb,‘moQ>r aoV, N>moQ>o H§$H$‹S>, Kmg ’y$g BË¶mXr Zht hmoZo Mm{h¶o& {‘Å>r ‘|hm{ZH$maH$ bdU {Oggo {H$ "gmëQ> Eâbmoamog|g' (Q>oamH$moQ>m ¶m {~«H$Q>mBb Ho$ g§X © ‘|) H$mo ~T>mdm {‘bVm hmo ^r Zht hmoZm Mm{hE& {‘Å>r ‘|~‹S>o H$U Hw$b dOZ Ho$ 25% go Á¶mXm Z hm| Ed§ {‘Å>r H$m ßbm°pñQ>{gQ>rB§S>o³g 10 go 15 Ho$ ~rM hmo& BªQ>> ~ZmZo Ho$ {b¶o Cn¶w³V {‘Å>r Bg H$m¶©Ho$ {b¶o ^r Cn¶wº$ hmoVr h¡&

D$nar gVh na {‘Å>r Ho$ ßbmñQ>a hoVw Cn¶w©³V àH$ma H$s {‘Å>r{Og‘| 2 {‘.‘r. go ~‹S>o H$U Z hm|, H$m Cn¶moJ hmoVm h¡& ~‹S>o H$Um| H$mAZwnmV 10% go Á¶mXm Zm hmo& AÝ¶ JwU ¶WmdV h¢&

‘S> ßbmñQ>a Ho$ {b¶o Cn¶w©³V àH$ma H$s {‘Å>r H$mo gwImZo Ho$ ~mXHy$Q> H$a ‘hrZ ~Zm {b¶m OmVm h¡& Bg ‘hrZ {‘Å>r H$mo EH$ JT²>‹T>o ‘| 6%J|h±ÿ H$m wgm Ed§ 12% Jm¶ Ho$ Jmo~a Ho$ gmW H$‘ go H$‘ 7 {XZm| VH$g‹S>Zo Ho$ [b¶o N>mo‹S> {X¶m OmVm h¡& Bg Xm¡amZ {‘Å>r H$mo CbQ> nbQ>H$aVo ahZm Mm{h¶o Ed§ EH$gma g§aMZm Ho$ {b¶o ~‹S>o ‹T>obm§o H$mo Vmo‹S>H$a{‘bm {X¶m OmZm Mm{h¶o&

Bg Vah go ~Zo ‘gmbo H$s pñWaVm (H§${gñQ>|gr) H$m H$m’$s ‘hËdh¡& H$aZr (Q´>m°dob) Ho$ {H$Zmao go ¶h ‘gmbm AnZo Amn {’$gbo bo{H$Z

24

{JaZo Ho$ nhbo {hñgm| ‘| Zm ~Q>o, Bg Vah H$s pñWaVm Mm{h¶o& Á¶mXmVab hmoZo go ~mX ‘| g§Hw$MZ Ho$ H$maU Xama§o Am OmVt h¢& pñWaVm H$moOm±MZo Ho$ {b¶o IS :1999 Ho$ AZwgma "ñbån' Q>oñQ> r {H$¶m Om gH$Vmh¡ Ed§ "ñbån' H$m ‘mn bJ^J 70 {‘.‘r. hmoZm Mm{h¶o&

[~«H$ Q>mBëg bJmZo hoVw ZrMo {~N>mZo Ho$ {b¶o {‘Å>r Ho$ ‘gmbo H$mo ^rCn¶w©³V VarHo$ go ~ZmZm Mm[h¶o, Ho$db A§Va ¶h h¡ {H$ wgm Zht{‘bmZm h¡& ‘gmbo H$mo g‹S>mZo H$s ^r Amdí¶H$Vm Zht h¡&

{~«H$Q>mB©ëg IS : 2690 (nmQ>©-1) Am¡a (nmQ>©-2) Ho$ AZwgma hmoZrMm{h¶o&

3.9.1.2 ‘S> ’w$ñH$m ~ZmZo H$s {dYr -

nyar à{H«$¶m H$mo {ZåZ 7 MaUm| ‘| ~m±Q>m Om gH$Vm h¡ :-

i) nyd© V¡¶mar :- CnMma ewê$ H$aZo Ho$ nhbo IS :3067 Ho$ AZwgmag^r V¡¶mar nyar H$aZr Mm{h¶o& N>V ‘o ¶{X H$moB© Xamao§ h¢, Vmogr‘o§Q> Ed§ aoV Ho$ Kmob go CÝh| â§o, Amdí¶H$VmZwgma dfm©ObnmBn bJm¶o§, CZHo$ ‘whmZo R>rH$ go CnMm[aV H$a|, N>V Ed§noam{nQ> Ho$ Omo‹S> na 75 {‘.‘r. H$m {’$boQ> (H$moZm) ~Zm¶§o&noam{nQ> ‘o 25 {‘.‘r. H$m Im±Mm (J«yd) ~Zm H$m Cg‘| ObamoYrßbmñQ>a H$mo H$a|& IS : 3067 ‘| ~Vm¶o VarHo$ go H$m¶© g§nmXZH$ao§& {H$¶o OmZo dmbo H$m¶m] H$s {dñV¥V én go AmJo MMm© H$s JB©h¡&

N>V H$s gVh H$s g’$mB© :- N>V, noQ>m{nQ>, dfm©Ob, nmBn Ho$‘whmZo Ed§ AÝ¶ ñWmZ Ohm± ObamoYr CnMma H$aZm h¡, H$sAÀN>r Vah go Vma Ho$ ~«e go g’$mB© H$aZm h¡ Ed§ H$moB© Yyb H$U,’§$Jg, AÝ¶ A{V[a³V MrOm| H$s g’$mB© H$aZr h¡&

gm’$ gVh na {~Qw>‘oZ bJmZm:- 80/100 loUr Ho$ {~Qw>‘oZ H$mobJ^J 1650 go 1700 go.J«o. VH$ Ja‘ H$aZo Ho$ ~mX gm’$ gVh

25

na 1.7 {H$. J«m./ dJ© ‘rQ>a Ho$ {hgm~ go bJmZm h¡& bJmZo Ho${b¶o ‘erZ Ûmam {N>‹S>H$md {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡ ¶m C‹S>obH$admBna go bJm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& {N>‹S>H$md Ûmam bJm¶o J¶o{~Qw>‘oZ H$m A§XmO boZo Ho$ {b¶o EH$ ñQ>rb ßboQ> bJ^J 0.3 x

0.3 ‘r. ‘mn H$s N>V na aI| Ed§ {N>‹S>H$md Ho$ nhbo Ed§ ~mX ‘|dOZ ‘| Am¶o A§Va Ho$ Ûmam {N>‹S>H$md H$s ‘mÌm à{VdJ© ‘r. Ho${hgm~ go JUZm H$s Om gH$Vr h¡&

{~Qw>‘oZ bJmVo g‘¶ H$moB© ^r ñWmZ Zm Ny>Q>o Bg ~mV H$m {deof»¶mb aIZm h¡ Ed§ noam{nQ> Ho$ D$na, dfm©Ob nmBnm| Ho$ ‘whmZm|Ed§ AÝ¶ Bgr Vah Ho$ ñWmZm| na H$‘ go H$‘ 150 {‘.‘r. D$naVH$ {~Qw>‘oZ H$s naV bJmZr h¡&

ii) ‘S> ’w$ñH$m H$s naV {~N>mZm :- ‘S> ’w$ñH$m Ho$ {b¶o Cn¶wº${‘Å>r H$mo bJ^J 300 {‘. ‘r. D±$MmB© ‘| OéaV Ho$ AZwgma ‘mÌm‘| EH$ g‘Vb gVh na MÅ>m (ñQ>¡H$) bJmH$a CgHo$ gw{dYmOZH$H$B© {hñgo H$a b|& Cn¶moJ Ho$ bJ^J 12 K§Q> o nhboAmdí¶H$VmZwgma (Amo.E‘.gr. Ho$ AZwgma) nmZr {‘bm¶| {OggoH$s nmZr H$mo nyar Vah go {‘Å>r gmoI bo& gmYmaUV: {Og VahH$s {‘Å>r ‘S> ’w$ñH$m ~ZmZo Ho$ {b¶o Mm{h¶o Cg‘| 145 br./ KZ‘r. nmZr H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡& nmZr H$s Amdí¶H$ ‘mÌm H$mA§XmO bJmZo Ho$ {b¶o {‘Å>r H$m ¶{X EH$ hmW go Jmobm ~Zm¶mOm¶o Vmo nmZr BVZm hmoZm Mm{h¶o H$s ¶h Jmobm AnZo AmH$ma H$mo~Zm¶o aI gHo$& ¶{X Jmobm ~ZmZo ‘| {X³H$V hmo ahr h¡ Vmo BgH$m‘Vb~ h¡ {H$ nmZr H$‘ h¡ Am¡a ¶{X Jmobo H$mo X~mZo na CgH$mAmH$ma ~XbVm h¡ (ßbmpñQ>H$br {S>’$mo‘©S>) Vmo nmZr Amdí¶H$Vmgo Á¶mXm h¡& ~mX ‘| {‘Å>r H$mo ’$md‹S>o H$s ghm¶Vm go EH$gma{‘bm b|, ‹T>obm| H$mo ’$mo‹S>H$a EH$ g‘mZ nmZr {‘Å>r ‘| {‘bo Bg~mV H$s gmdYmZr aI|&

Cn¶w©³V VarHo$ go ~Zo ‘S> ’w$ñH$m H$mo {~Qw>‘oZ bJr hþB© gVh na

26

g‘mZ ‘moQ>mB© ‘| (150 {‘.‘r. byO ‘moQ>mB©) ’¡$bm X|& gVh na1:40 H$s ‹T>bmZ ~Zm¶§o Am¡a g§KZZ (H$m°åno³eZ) Ho$ {b¶o hmWHo$ Ûmam bH$‹S>r go Ywa‘wg (dwS>Z a¡‘a) go X~m¶§o Ed§ CgHo$ ~mXnyar Vah A{YH$V‘ KZËd (‘op³g‘‘ S>opÝgQ>r) àmá H$aZo hoVwbH$‹S>r H$s Wßnr (dwS>Z n°boQ>) H$m Cn¶moJ H$a|& gm‘mÝ¶V:g§KZZ Ho$ níMmV ‘moQ>mB© (H$m°åno³Q>oS> {WH$Zog) 100 {‘.‘r. goH$‘ Zht hmoZr Mm{h¶o&

Bg gVh H$mo H$‘ go H$‘ 24 K§Q>o gyIZo Ho$ {b¶o N>mo‹S> X§o Am¡a¶{X Xama§o Am¶§o Vmo CÝh| {‘Å>r Ed§ Jmo~a Ho$ Kmob go â X|&

‘S> ’w$ñH$m H$s naV ~ZmZo Ho$ ~mX ‘S> ßbmñQ>a H$s naV ~ZmZrhmoVr h¡& BgHo$ {b¶o nhbo go ~ZmB© {‘Å>r H$mo H$‘ go H$‘ 25

{‘.‘r. ‘moQ>mB© ‘| EH$ naV ‘o§ ¶m 15 {‘.‘r. Ed§ 10 {‘.‘r. ‘moQ>mB©H$s Xmo naVm| ‘| (S>~b bo¶a) {~N>mZm h¡& BgHo$ ~mX ßbmñQ>aH$mo gyIZo Ho$ {b¶o N>mo‹S> Xo§& Bg‘| r ¶{X Xamao§ AmVr h¢ Vmo {‘Å>rEd§ Jmo~a Ho$ Kmob go â Xo§& Cnar gVh H$s ‹T>mb, EH$g‘Vm H$sOm±M H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o EH$ bmoho H$s grYr nÅ>r Ed§ pñn«Q> bodb H$mCn¶moJ H$ao§ Ed§ ¶{X H$hr J‹T²‹T>o> hmo§ Vmo ßbmñQ>a Ho$ {b¶o ~Zo‘gmbo go Cgo a H$a R>rH$ H$a Xo§& ‘S> ßbmñQ>a H$s gVh gyIZoHo$ ~mX CgHo$ Cna Jmo~a Ed§ {‘Å>r Ho$ Kmob H$mo brnZm h¡& brnZoHo$ {b¶o Kmob ~ZmZo Ho$ {b¶o {‘Å>r Ed§ Jm¶ H$m Jmo~a ~am~a-~am~a (Am¶VZ) ‘mÌm ‘| boH$a CgH$m EH$ nVbm Kmob ~Zmb|& Amdí¶H$ nmZr H$s ‘mÌm {‘bmH$a EH$ O¡gm Kmob ~Zm¶§o Ed§Bg Kmob ‘| {‘Å>r Ho$ dOZ H$m 50% H$Q>~¡H$ {~Qw>‘Z r {‘bm¶mOm gH$Vm h¡& Bggo Kmob H$s ObamoYr j‘Vm ~‹T> OmVr h¡&Cn¶w©º$ Kmob H$mo gyIo hþ¶o ‘S> ßbmñQ>a na H$‘ go H$‘ 3 {‘.‘r.H$s ‘moQ>mB© ‘| brnZm h¡& Kmob Ho$ gyIZo na ¶{X Xamao§ AmVr h¢,Vmo Bgr Kmob go CÝh| a X|& brnr hþB© gVh H$mo H$aZr ¶m nQ>|Jm(Q´>m°dob ¶m âbmoQ>) go n[aîH¥$V ({’${Ze) H$a|&

27

iii) {~«H$ Q>mB©ëg (H$‘ ‘moQ>mB© H$s BªQ>) H$m bJmZm:- Ohm± na N>VH$m Cn¶moJ hmoVm hmo (Ego{g~b), O¡go gmoZo Ho$ {b¶o ¶m N>Vna OmZo H$s ì¶dñWm hmo Eogr pñWVr ‘| {~«H$ Q>mBëg H$m bJmZmAmdí¶H$ h¡& {~«H$ Q>mB©ëg bJmZo go ‘S>’w$ñH$m H$m {Q>H$mD$nZ(S²>¶yao{~{bQ>r) ~‹T> OmVm h¡& ¶{X {~«H$ Q>mBëg bJmZm h¡, Vmo‘S> ßbmñQ>a Ho$ Cna {‘Å>r Ed§ Jmo~a Ho$ Kmob Ho$ brnZo H$sAmdí¶H$Vm Zht h¡& {~«H$ Q>mBëg H$mo grYo hr ‘S> ßbmñQ>a Ho$Cna bJm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& Eogr pñW[V ‘| ‘S> ‘moQ>©a H$s nVbrnaV Ho$ D$na {~«H$ Q>mB©ëg H$mo bJm¶m OmZm Mm{h¶o& ‘S> ‘moQ>©aH$m Cn¶moJ Ho$db g‘Vb gVh ~ZmZo Ho$ {b¶o, {OVZrAmdí¶H$Vm h¡, CVZm hr H$aZm Mm{h¶o& {~«H$ Q>mBëg bJmVog‘¶ Omo‹S>m§o H$s ‘moQ>mB© 6 {‘.‘r. go 15 {‘. ‘r. Ho$ ~rM hmoZrMm{h¶o, Ed§ Omo‹S>m§o Ho$ A§Xa ‘S> ‘moQ>©a bJ^J 15 {‘.{‘. D±$MmB©VH$ D$na H$s Va’$ â Om¶o, Bg ~mV H$m »¶mb aI|&{~«H$Q>mBëg Ho$ H$m¶© H$mo 24 K§Q>o, gyIZo Ho$ {b¶o N>mo‹S> XoZmMm{h¶o Ed§ gyIZo Ho$ ~mX Omo‹S>m§o H$mo AÀN>r Vah go gr‘|Q> Ed§aoV Ho$ ‘gmbo (1:3) go â {X¶m Om¶o&

Bg gr‘|Q> Ho$ ‘gmbo H$mo 12 K§Q>o O‘Zo Ho$ ~mX ¶{X OéaV hmoVmo Vma Ho$ ~«e go gm’$ H$aHo$ "ßdmB§qQ>J' H$s Om gH$Vr h¡&

{ZåZ {MÌ ‘o§ ‘S>’w$ñH$m CnMma H$mo {dñV¥V én go Xem©¶m J¶mh¡ :-

28

{MÌ H«$ 2.8

Cn¶w©º$ H$m¶© nyU© hmoZo Ho$ ~mX H$‘ go H$‘ 7 {XZm| VH$ BgH$s VamB©H$aZr Amdí¶H$ h¡&

3.9.1.3 ‘S> ’w$ñH$m H$m¶© Ho$ g§nmXZ Ho$ {b¶o {ZåZ ~mVmo§ H$m ¿¶mZaIm OmZm Mm{h¶o :-

i) nmZr Ho$ [agmd H$mo amoH$Zm :- ‘S> ’w$ñH$m H$s naV AnZo Amn‘| nmZr Ho$ [agmd H$mo amoH$Zo Ho$ {b¶o gj‘ Zht h¡, AV: {~Qw>‘oZH$s ObamoYr naV ¶m ObamoYr ‘§o~«oZ H$s naV Bg CÔoí¶ H$monyam H$aZo ‘o ghm¶H$ h¡& ‘S>’w$ñH$m Ho$ A{YH$V‘ g§ m{dV KZËdH$mo àmá H$aZo H$s H$mo{ee hmoZr Mm{hE&

ii) N>V H$s ‹T>bmZ Bg Vah hmo {H$ ¶{X ‘S> ’w$ñH$m ‘| Xama§o hm| Vmo,Xamam| ‘| nmZr OmZo go nhbo N>V go ~mha Mbm Om¶o& BgHo$

29

{b¶o ‹T>mb 1:40 go H$‘ Zht hmoZm Mm{hE& N>V ‘| hr ‹T>mb Xo {X¶mOm¶o Vmo AÀN>m h¡&

iii) dfm©Ob Ho$ nmBn H$s g§»¶m Ed§ ì¶mg dfm© H$s Vrd«Vm Ed§g‘¶md{Y Ho$ {hgm~ go hmoZm Mm{h¶o& dfm©Ob nmB©nm| H$mjoÌ’$b N>V Ho$ joÌ’$b go 1/5000 go H$‘ Zht hmoZm Mm{hE Ed§nmBnm| H$m ì¶mg 100 {‘.‘r. go H$‘ Zm hmo&

iv) ‘S>’w$ñH$m H$m {Q>H$mD$nZ Obdm¶w na {Z ©a H$aVm h¡& ‘w»¶V:Ja‘, gyIo Ed§ H$‘ dfm© dmbo joÌmo§ Ho$ {b¶o ¶h Cn¶wº$ h¡& BgH$m{Q>H$mD$nZ Bg ~mV {Z ©a H$aVm h¡ {H$ {d{^Þ MaUm| ‘| H$m¶©H$m g§nmXZ {H$VZr AÀN>r Vah go {H$¶m J¶m h¡& Xamam| go~Mmd H$s {Q>H$mD$nZ ‘| ‘w»¶ y{‘H$m h¡& ‘wS>’w$ñH$m ‘| bJmVmaAÀN>o AZwajU H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡&

3.9.2 N>Vm| H$m nm°{b{WZ {’$ë‘ Ûmam ObamoYrH$aU (IS:7290):-

Bg Vah ‘| CnMma ‘| N>: naVm| ‘| H$m¶© {H$¶m OmVm h¡, Omo {H$ {ZåZàH$ma h¢ :-

i) IS : 3384 Ho$ AZwgma {~Qw>‘oZ àmB‘a H$mo V¡¶ma H$s hþB© N>V H$sgVh na 0.3 go 0.5 {H$.J«m./dJ©‘rQ>a H$s Xa go bJmZm&

ii) IS : 73 Ho$ AZwgma Ja‘ {~Qw>‘oZ (ñQ´>oQ> aZ {~Qw>‘oZ) H$mo H$‘ goH$‘ 0.7 {H$.J«m./ dJ©‘rQ>a H$s Xa go àmB‘a bJmZo Ho$ ~mXbJmZm&

iii) IS : 2508 Ho$ AZwgma nm°br{WZ {’$ë‘ H$mo bJmZm Ed§ Omo‹S>m| H$moR>ÊS>o "H$Q>~¡H$ {~Qw>‘oZ' go Omo‹S>Zm&

iv) 100 J«m‘ à{V dJ©‘rQ>a (Or. Eg. E‘.) yao, H«$mâQ> bo‘rZoQ>oS>H$mJO H$mo hëHo$ J‘© "ñQ´>oQ> aZ {~Qw>‘oZ' H$s naV Ho$ D$nabJmZm&

30

v) hëHo$ Ja‘ {~Qw>‘oZ H$mo 0.7 {H$. J«m./ dJ©‘rQ>a H$s Xa go bJmZmEd§ Cnar gVh na ‘hrZ aoV H$mo hëH$m gm ’¡$bmZm&

vi) D$na go A§{V‘ naV ‘| Q>mBb ¶m "B§{S>¶Z noQ>|Q> ñQ>moZ'(AmB©.nr. Eg.) 1:2:4 H§$H«$sQ> H$s ‹T>bmB© {Og‘| 10 {‘.‘r. Ed§ H$‘AmH$ma Ho$ EJ«rJoQ> BñVo‘mb {H$¶o J¶o hm|&

3.9.2.1 Cº$ CnMma hoVw {ZåZ MaU h¢:-

i) N>V H$s gVh V¡¶ma H$aZm O¡gm {H$ ‘S>’w$ñH$m Ho$ {b¶o {H$¶mOmVm h¡& noam{nQ> Ho$ Omo‹S>, dfm©Ob nmBn, Xamam§o H$m âZm,T>bmZ Am{X na {deof Ü¶mZ XoZm Mm{hE& IS :3067-1988 Ho$AZwgma H$m¶© H$a|&

ii) N>V H$s gVh V¡¶ma hmoZo Ho$ ~mX IS : 3384 Ho$ AZwgma àmB‘aH$moQ> H$mo ~«e H$s ghm¶Vm go bJm¶o§ Am¡a Cgo 6 go 12 K§Q>o gyIZoHo$ {bE N>mo‹S> Xo§& VËníMmV Ja‘ {~Qw>‘oZ H$mo nyar gVh nabJm¶§o Am¡a BVZm R>§S>m hmoZo Ho$ {b¶o N>mo‹S> Xo§ {H$ CgHo$ Cna ~J¡a{H$gr ZwH$gmZ Ho$ nm°{b{WZ {’$ë‘ H$mo bJm¶m Om gHo$&

iii) gmdYmZr nyd©H$ nm°{b{WZ {’$ë‘ H$mo {~Qw>‘oZ Ho$ Cna EH$ Va’$ goX~mVo hþ¶o Bg Vah bJmZm h¡, {H$ Cg‘|o {H$gr Vah H$m ZwH$gmZZ hmo Ed§ AÀN>r Vah go {~Qw>‘oZ go {MnH$ Om¶o& Bg ~mV H$m»¶mb aIm Om¶o {H$ {H$gr ^r Vah H$m [aº$ ñWmZ ¶m hdm ~rM‘o Z ah Om¶o& EH$ erQ> bJmZo Ho$ ~mX Xÿgar erQ> H$mo CgHo$ CnaM‹T>mH$a ghr VarHo$ go Amodab¡n XoVo hþ¶o bJmZm h¡& Mmam| Va’$ Ho$Amodab¡n Ho$ Omo‹S>m| H$mo IS : 2058 Ho$ AZwgma R>§S>o "H$Q>~¡H$$ {~Qw>‘oZ'go {MnH$mZm h¡& {~Qw>‘oZ H$m Vmn‘mZ 500 go.J«o. go Á¶mXm Zht hmoZmMm{h¶o& {MnH$mZo hoVw XmoZm§o erQ> Ho$ ~rM ‘| {~Qw>‘oZ H$mo {MnH$mZodmbo nXmW© H$s Vah BñVo‘mb H$aZm h¡& g^r Omo‹S>m§o na H$‘ go H$‘H$‘ 100 {‘.‘r. H$m Amodab¡n hmoZm Mm{hE& Ohm± VH$ g§ d hmo‹T>bmZ H$s {Xem Ho$ b§~dV erQ> H$mo bJmZm Mm{h¶o {Oggo H$s b§~o

31

Omo‹S>> (erQ> H$s b§~mB© ‘|) nmZr Ho$ ~hZo H$s {Xem Ho$ b§~dV ah§o&‹T>bmZ ‘| D$na dmbr erQ> Amodab¡n ‘| Cna aho, O¡go H$s N>V H$sE. gr. erQ> ¶m Or. AmB©. erqQ>J ‘o§ H$aVo h¢, {Oggo H$s Omo‹S>mo§go nmZr H$m [agmd Zm hmo&

Cnamoº$ VarHo$ go {~N>mB© JB© nm°{b{WZ erQ> Ho$ Cna yao a§J Ho$100 Or.Eg.E‘. Ho$ H«$mâQ> H$mJO H$mo bJmZo Ho$ {b¶o H$mJO H$sEH$ gVh na hëHo$> Ja‘ "ñQ´>oQ> aZ {~Qw>‘oZ' H$mo ~«e go bJmZmh¡ Am¡a {’$a H$mJO H$mo CbQ>m H$aHo$ nm°{b{WZ erQ> Ho$ Cna{MnH$m XoZm h¡& Bg H$mJO Ho$ D$na hëHo$ Ja‘ {~Qw>‘oZ H$mo 0.7{H$.J«m./ dJ© ‘rQ>a H$s Xa go bJmZm h¡ Am¡a CgHo$ D$na ‘hrZaoV H$mo {N>‹S>H$Zm h¡& N>V Ho$ CnMma Ho$ gmW-gmW hr noamnQ>Ho$ Omo‹S> Ed§ CgHo$ D$na CnMma H$mo H$aZm h¡& dfm©Ob nmBnm|Ho$ ‘whmZm| na CnMma H$aVo dº$ {deof gmdYmZr boZr h¡& N>VEd§ noamnoQ> Ho$ Omo‹S> na g^r g§ d Ed§ Oéar gmdYmZr boZr h¡,O¡go {H$ AÝ¶ VarH$m| Ho$ CnMma H$aVo dº$ boVo h¢& nm°{b{WZ{’$ë‘ H$mo dfm©Ob nmBn Ho$ ‘whmZo Ho$ A§Xa VH$ {MnH$mZm h¡ Ed§CgHo$ ~mX gr‘|Q> d aoV Ho$ (1:4) ‘gmbo go Cgo T>H$ XoZm h¡&

iv) Cº$ CnMma nyam hmoZo Ho$ ~mX Bg H$mo Iam~ hmoZo go ~MmZo Ho${b¶o EH$ ajH$ gVh H$m hmoZm ~hþV Oéar h¡& BgHo$ Cna {ZåZ‘| go {H$gr EH$ VarHo$ H$m BñVo‘mb {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡ :-

� gr‘|Q> H§$H«$sQ> Q>mBëg H$m ’$e© IS :1237 Ho$ AZwgma&

� nVbr Bª©Q>m| H$m ’$e© IS : 2690 (nmQ>©-1) ¶m IS :2690 (nmQ>©-2)>Ho$ AZwgma&

� B§{S>¶Z noQ>|Q> ñQ>moZ (AmB©. nr. Eg.) ¶m{Z H$s 1: 2: 4, 40

{‘.‘r. H$s H§$H«$sQ> {Og‘| 10 {‘. ‘r. Ed§ Cggo N>moQ>r {JÅ>rBñVo‘mb H$s JB© hmo&

32

Bg Vah Ho$ CnMma H$mo ZB© ¶m nwamZr N>Vm| na g’$bVmnyd©H$ bJm¶mOm gH$Vm h¡& XmoZm| ‘| ~hþV Wmo‹S>m gm A§Va h¡& {ZåZ Xmo {MÌm§o ‘| XmoZm§oàH$ma H$mo Xem©¶m J¶m h¡ :-

ZB© N>Vmo§ na CnMma

{MÌ H«$ 2.9

33

nwamZr N>Vmo§ na CnMma

{MÌ H«$ 2.10

3.9.2.2 nm°{b{WZ {’$ë‘ H$mo bJmVo {ZåZ gmdYm{Z¶m± ~aVZrMm{h¶o :-

i) N>V H$s gVh {Og na CnMma H$aZm h¡ dh {MH$Zr hmoZrMm{h¶o& gVh D$~‹S> Im~‹S> Zm hmo AÝ¶Wm nm°{b{WZ {’$ë‘’$Q>Zo H$m S>a ahVm h¡& N>V H$s nyd© V¡¶mar H$aZo Ho$ ~mX, àmB©‘abJmVo dº$ N>V nyar Vah go gyIr hmoZr Mm{h¶o AÝ¶Wm {~Qw>‘oZR>rH$ go Zm {MnH$Zo Ho$ H$maU, CnMma à^mdr Zht ahVm&

ii) àmB‘a Ho$ Cna AË¶{YH$ {~Qw>‘oZ Zht bJmZm Mm{h¶o, Eogm H$aZogo nm°{b{WZ {’$ë‘ {’$gbZo ¶m {gHw$‹S>Zo H$m S>a ahVm h¡&

iii) {’$ë‘ H$mo bJmVo dº$ AË¶{YH$ ItMZm Zht Mm[h¶o, AÝ¶Wm

34

~mX ‘| {’$ë‘ {gHw$‹S> OmVr h¡&

iv) {’$ë‘ H$mo bJmZo Ho$ Vwa§V ~mX CgHo$ Cna CnMma H$s AÝ¶naV§o bJm XoZr Mm{h¶o, AÝ¶Wm ZrMo Ho$ {~Qw>‘oZ Ho$ {nKbZo H$oH$maU {’$ë‘ {gHw$‹S>> gH$Vr h¡ ¶m ’$Q> ^r gH$Vr h¡& AË¶{YH$Vmn‘mZ na CnMma Zht H$aZm Mm{h¶o&

v) ‘OXÿam| H$mo {’$ë‘ na H$m¶© H$aVo g‘¶ Cgo ’$Q>Zo go ~MmZm h¡,BgHo$ {b¶o ¶m Vmo Z§Jo n¡a Mb§o ¶m {’$a Ho$Zdmg Ho$ OyVo nhZ|&

vi) IS : 2508-1977 Ho$ AZwgma nm°{b{WZ {’$ë‘ hmoZm Mm{h¶o Ed§CgHo$ gmW-gmW {ZåZ ~mVo§ ^r Ü¶mZ ‘| aIZm h¡ :-

� {’$ë‘ ‘| 0.06 (‘mBH«$moZ) Am¡gVZ H$Um| Ho$ AmH$ma dmbo H$m~©Zãb¡H$ H$s ‘mÌm 2.0% go H$‘ Zht hmoZr Mm{h¶o& {’$ë‘ ‘| AëQ´>mdm¶boQ> {H$aUm| Ho$ à{V à{VamoYH$ j‘Vm hmoZr Mm{h¶o&

� {’$ë‘ ‘| go Obdmîn H$m {ZH$mg 5.53 J«m‘/24 K§Q>o/dJ©‘rQ>a goÁ¶mXm Zht hmoZm Mm{h¶o& BgH$mo ‘mnZo H$s {d{Y IS : 2508-1977 Ho$ AZwb½ZH$- A ‘o§ Xr JB© h¡&

vii) {’$ë‘ Ho$ Omo‹S>mo§ H$s {Xem H$m ~hþV ‘hÎd h¡& {d{^Þ àH$ma H$sN>Vm| na AbJ-AbJ Vah go {’$ë‘ Ho$ Amodab¡n H$s {Xem{ZYm©[aV H$s OmVr h¡& Ohm± VH$ g§ d hmo {ZåZ àH$ma go Omo‹S>m|H$s {Xem aIZr Mm{h¶o :-

� g‘Vb âboQ> N>V§o :- Omo‹S> ZrMo H$s Vah hmoZo Mm{h¶o O¡go H$sN>Vm| H$s E.gr. erqQ>J ‘| hmoVo h¡& {MÌ H«$. 2.11 ‘|o {ddaUXem©¶m J¶m h¡&

35

{MÌ H«$ 2.11

� ‹‹T>mbXma N>V| :- ~mOy Ho$ Amodmab¡n ‹T>mb Ho$ gmW hmoZo Mm{h¶o Ed§nmZr ~hZo H$s {Xem ‘| H$moB© Omo‹S> Zht hmoZm Mm{h¶o&

{MÌ H«$. 2.12 ‘| {ddaU Xem©¶m J¶m h¡ :-

{MÌ H«$ 2.12

� JmobmB© ¶wº$ eob N>Vo§ :- Omo‹S> ‹T>mb Ho$ b§~dV {Xem ‘| hmoZmMm{hE O¡go H$s {MÌ H«$. 2.13 ‘o§ Xem©¶m J¶m h¡&

36

{MÌ H«$ 2.13

{Og {hñgo go nmZr ~hVm h¡ dhm± na Omo‹S> H$mo ¶Wm g§ d Zht XoZmh¡ Am¡a ¶hr Ag§ d hmo Vmo Omo‹S> Ho$ Cna EH$ Am¡a naV bJmZm C{MVh¡&

viii) Ohm± na ^r N>V ¶{X {Xdmb go ~mha {ZH$br hþB© hmo Vmo,nm°{b{WZ erQ> H$mo N>V H$s H$§H«$sQ> H$s JhamB© H$s Va’$ (~mhaHo$ {hñgo ‘|) EH$ Im±Mo ‘| bmH$a IË‘ H$aZm Mm{h¶o&

{MÌ H«$. 2.14 ‘| {dñV¥V én go Bg ~mao ‘| Xem©¶m J¶m h¡ :-

37

{MÌ H«$ 2.14

Eogo ñWmZ Ohm± Bg nÕ{V go ObamoYr CnMma H$aZm H${R>Z hmo dhm±na "H§$nmo{OQ> nm°{b{WZ {~Qw>‘oZ Q>oßg' H$m BñVo‘mb H$aZm Mm{h¶o,ImgVm¡a go ¶h VarH$m N>V Ed§ noam{nQ> ¶m AÝ¶ g§aMZmAm| Ho$ Omo‹S>m§oHo$ CnMma Ho$ {b¶o Cn¶wº$ h¡&

3.9.3 nm°br‘a gwYm[aV gr‘|Q> ¶wº$ Kmob Ûmam CnMma :-

Bg Vah Ho$ ObamoYr CnMma Ho$ {b¶o ^maVr¶ ‘mZH$ CnbãY Zhth¡ AV: AÝ¶ {dXoer ‘mZH$mo§ H$mo BñVo‘mb H$aVo g‘¶ Amdí¶H$gmdYmZr ~aVZm Oê$ar h¡&

nm°br‘a gwYm[aV gr‘|Q> ¶wº$ Kmob H§$H«$sQ> H$s gVh na bJm gH$Voh¢& nm°br‘a Ho$ H$maU Kmob H$s ObamoYr j‘Vm ~‹T>Vr h¡& Bg Kmob H$mJa‘r Ho$ H$maU AHw§$MZ Ed§ àgmaU, H§$H«$sQ> Ho$ g‘mZ hr hmoVm h¡, BgH$maU go CnMma ‘| Vmn‘mZ ‘| ~Xbmd Ho$ gmW Xamao§ Zht AmVr h¢&

CnMma Ho$ {b¶o Xmo Vah H$s gm‘J«r H$m Cn¶moJ hmoVm h¡ :-

38

i) Vab Kmob :- CnMma Ho$ {b¶o Kmob ~ZmZo hoVw Vab nm°br‘a,AÝ¶ agm¶Z (ES>r{Q>d) Ed§ gm’$ nmZr H$m BñVo‘mb hmoVm h¡&

ii) gwIm gr‘|Q>, EJ«rJoQ> BË¶mXr :- Bg‘| gmYmaU nmoQ>©b°ÊS> gr‘|Q>Ed§ EJ«rJoQ> H$m {‘lU hmoVm h¡&

XmoZmo§ Ad¶dm| H$mo 2:1 ( gwIm {‘lU : Vab Kmob ) Ho$ AZwnmV‘§o dOZ Ho$ AZwgma {‘bmH$a CnMma hoVw Kmob ~Zm¶m OmVm h¡&

3.9.3.1 CnMma Ho$ {b¶o {ZåZ MaUm| ‘| H$m¶© {H$¶m OmZm Mm{h¶o:-

i) N>V H$s g’$mB© H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o Yyb, ~mhar gm‘J«r ¶m AÝ¶ H$moB©nXmW© hm| Vmo hQ>m XoZm Mm{h¶o, BgHo$ {bE {H$gr bmoho H$s nÎmrgo IwaMZm n‹S>o Vmo IwaMH$a g’$mB© H$a XoZm Mm{h¶o& ¶{X N>V‘| Xama| hm§o Vmo CËnmXH$ Ho$ {ZX}emZwgma gr‘|Q> Ed§ aoV Ho$‘gmbo go ¶m AÝ¶ Zm {gHw$‹S>Zo dmbo ~mOma ‘| V¡¶ma {‘bZo dmbo‘gmbo go â XoZm Mm{h¶o& Bg Vah go gm’$ H$s JB© N>V H$moAÀN>r Vah go H$‘ go H$‘ EH$ K§Q>o Ho$ {b¶o nmZr ‘| {^JmoH$aaIZm h¡&

i) gyIo Ed§ Jrbo {‘lU H$mo bJmZo Ho$ R>rH$ nhbo CËnmXH$ Ûmam{Z{X©îQ>> AZwnmV ‘| {‘bmZm h¡& AÀN>r Vah {‘bmZo Ho$ {b¶o"pñQ>aa' H$m Cn¶moJ ^r {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& Kmob ‘| hdm Ho$~wb~wbo ¶m {‘lU Ho$ ‹T>obo Zm ah§o Bg ~mV H$m {deof »¶mbaIZm h¡&

iii) Cn¶w©º$ Kmob H$mo EH$ ~ma Jrbr N>V na ~«e go grYo bJmZm h¡&BgHo$ ~mX "’$mB~a ½bmg ³bm°W' H$mo Kmob Ho$ D$na bJmZm h¡&Xÿgar ~ma "’$mB~a ½bmg ³bm°W' Ho$ D$na Kmob H$mo ~«e gobJmZm h¡& nyar gVh ‘| Kmob H$s EH$ naV g^r OJhm| na AÀN>rVah go bJmVo hþ¶o ~«e go Cgo n[aîH¥$V ({’${Ze) H$aZm h¡&

(iv) BgHo$ Cna gr‘§oQ> H§$H«$sQ> 1:2:4 {Og‘| ObamoYr ¶m¡{JH$ {‘bm

39

hmo, H$mo 25 go 40 {‘.‘r ‘moQ>mB© ‘| 1:100 Ho$ ‹T>mb (¶m A{YH$)Ho$ gmW S>mbZm h¡& Bg H§$H«$sQ> ‘| 10 {‘. ‘r. go N>moQ>o EJ«rJoQ> hmo§Am¡a gr‘|Q> Ed§ nmZr H$m AZwnmV 0.45 go Á¶mXm Z hmo&

Bg Vah Ho$ CnMma ‘| ‘w»¶V : CËnmXH$ Ho$ {ZX}em| na {Z ©a ahZmn‹S>Vm h¡ AV: Bg nÕ{V H$m MwZmd gmdYmZr nyd©H$ H$a|&

{MÌ H«$. 2.15 ‘| Bg CnMma Ho$ {ddaU H$mo {dñV¥V én go Xem©¶mJ¶m h¡ :-

{MÌ H«$ 2.15

3.9.4 nm°br‘a gwYm[aV {~Qw>{‘Zg ‘oå~o«Z go CnMma :-

{~Qw>{‘Zg ‘oå~«oZ ‘| nm°br‘a {‘bmZo go BgHo$ JwUY‘m] ‘o gH$mamË‘H$n[adV©Z AmVm h¡, ‘oå~«oZ H$s BbmpñQ>{gQ>r, VZmd j‘Vm, lm§Vr (’${Q>H$),nH$‹S> Ed§ H$m¶© g§nmXZ ‘| gwJ‘Vm ~‹T>Vr h¡& ‘w»¶V: ’$mB~a ½bmg ¶m

40

nm°br‘a H$m BñVo‘mb ‘oå~«oZ ~ZmZo ‘| hmoVm h¡ Am¡a Bggo CgH$s VZmdj‘Vm ~‹T>Vr h¡& Bg Vah Ho$ CnMma H$mo Z¶r ¶m nwamZr N>Vm| XmoZm§o ‘|BñVo‘mb {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& Bgo BñVo‘mb H$aZo ‘| {ZåZ MaUm| ‘| H$m¶©{H$¶m OmVm h¡:-

i) N>V H$s g’$mB© Ed§ ‹T>mb H$m ~ZmZm :- IS :3067 Ho$ AZwgma N>VH$s V¡¶mar H$aZm h¡& nhbo C„o{IV VarHo$ go g’$mB©, Omo‹S>m§o Ed§{’$boQ> Am{X H$s ì¶dñWm H$aZr h¡& N>V na gr‘|Q> H§$H«$sQ> H$mBñVo‘mb H$a 1:100 ¶m A{YH$ H$m ‹T>mb ~ZmZm h¡&

ii) gm’$ N>V na g^r OJh (noam{nQ> g{hV) {~Qw>‘oZ àmB‘a H$mo0.2 go 0.4 br./dJ©‘rQ>a Ho$ {hgm~ go bJmZm h¡& Bg àmB‘a Ho$Cna 85/25 loUr Ho$ Ja‘ ãbmoZ {~Qw>‘oZ H$mo 1.2 {H$.J«m./dJ©‘rQ>a Ho$ {hgm~ go ’¡$bmZm h¡&

iii) Ja‘ {~Qw>‘oZ Ho$ D$na 2.5 go 3 {‘.‘r. ‘moQ>o nm°br‘a gwYm[aV{~Qw>{‘Zg ‘oå~«oZ H$mo bJmZm h¡& bJmVo g‘¶ Am°³gr-E{g{Q>brZQ>m°M© go Ja‘ H$aZm h¡ Ed§ g^r Omo‹S>mo§ H$mo R>rH$ go ~§X H$aZm h¡&Bg ‘oå~«oZ Ho$ D$na 85/25 loUr H$m Ja‘ ãbm°Z {~Qw>‘oZ H$mo 1.2{H$. J«m. à{V dJ©‘rQ>a Ho$ {hgm~ go g^r gVhm| na AÀN>r Vahgo bJmZm h¡&

iv) D$nar A§{V‘ gVh na MmBZm ‘moOmBH$ Q>mBëg 15 {‘.‘r.gr‘|Q> ‘gmbo Ho$ D$na bJmZm h¡&

{MÌ H«$. 2.16 ‘| {dñV¥V én go Bg nÕ{V H$m {ddaU Xem©¶m J¶m h¡ :-

41

{MÌ H«$ 2.16

My±{H$ Bg nÕ{V Ho$ {b¶o ^maVr¶ ‘mZH$ CnbãY Zht h¡ Am¡a‘w»¶V: CËnmXH$ Ho$ {ZX}emo na {Z ©a ahZm n‹S>Vm h¡ AV: BgH$mMwZmd Ed§ BñVo‘mb gmdYmZr go H$a|&

3.9.5 {~Qw>‘oZ ’o$ëQ> Ho$ Ûmam CnMma :-

¶h EH$ nwamZr nÕ{V h¡ Ed§ BgH$s C‘« 4 go 6 gmb hmoZo Ho$ H$maU¶h {dÎmr¶ én go Cn¶moJr Zht h¡ Ed§ AÝ¶ AmYw{ZH$ VarHo$ CnbãYhmoZo go ¶h bJ^J A~ AàM{bV h¡&

3.9.6 A{d^mÁ¶ (B§{Q>Jab) gr‘|Q> ¶wº$ ObamoYr CnMma :-

Bg Vah H$m CnMma N>Vm|, Xrdmam| Am{X g^r ñWmZm| na {H$¶m OmgH$Vm h¡& VwbZmË‘H$ én go ¶h CnMma ImgVm¡a go Z¶o {Z‘m©U ‘|Á¶mXm bm^H$mar h¡ Ed§ H$aZo ‘| gab d H$‘ IMubm h¡& Bgo H$aZo ‘|

42

{ZåZ ‘w»¶ MaU h¢:-

i) CnMma Ho$ nhbo N>V H$s gVh H$mo O¡go {H$ nhbo C„o{IV h¡,V¡¶ma H$a b§o Ed§ H$‘ go H$‘ EH$ K§Q>m {^Jmo H$a aI|& V¡¶ma JrbrgVh na gr‘|Q> Ho$ Kmob H$mo bJm¶§o& Kmob ~ZmZo Ho$ {b¶ogmYmaU nmoQ>©boÊS gr‘|Q>> ‘| nmZr {‘bm¶o§ Ed§ gmW ‘o IS : 2645

‘mZH$ H$m ObamoYr ¶m¡{JH$ {‘bm¶§o& bJ^J 2.75 {H$.J«m./dJ©‘rQ>a H$s Xa go gr‘|Q> H$s InV H$a|&

ii) Bg gr‘|Q> Kmob Ho$ Cna 20 {‘.‘r. ‘moQ>r gr‘|Q>-aoV (1:5)

‘gmbo H$s naV {~N>m¶§o& Bg ‘gmbo ‘| r IS : 2645 ‘mZH$ H$mObamoYr A{d^mÁ¶ ¶m¡{JH$ {‘bm¶§o& {d{^Þ CËnmXH$m§o Ho$ ¶m¡{JH$BñVo‘mb H$aVo g‘¶ CZHo$ {ZX}em| H$m nmbZ H$a|&

iii) Bg ‘gmbo H$s naV Ho$ D$na Qy>Q>r hþ¶r BªQ>| ({~«H$ ~oQ>) 75 go100 {‘.‘r. AmH$ma H$s {~N>m¶§o& {~N>mVo g‘¶ BªQ>m| ‘o bJ^J50% Omo‹S> hm§o, BZ Omo‹S>m§o H$mo gr‘|Q> d aoV Ho$ ‘gmbo (1:5) goAÀN>r Vah a§o {Og‘| IS : 2645 ‘mZH$ H$m ObamoYr A{d^mÁ¶¶m¡{JH$ {‘bm hmo&

iv) Xmo {XZ H$s nyar VamB© Ho$ ~mX {’$a go MaU EH$ H$s Vah gr‘|Q>Ed§ ObamoYr ¶m¡{JH$ Ho$ Kmob H$mo {~N>r hþB© BªQ>m| H$s gVh nabJm¶|& Bg Vah Kmob bJmZo Ho$ ~mX Cg na EH$ gmW (~J¡aOmo‹S> Ho$) nyar gVh na gr‘|Q> d aoV Ho$ (1:5) ‘gmbo {Og‘| IS: 2645 ‘mZH$ dmbm A{d^mÁ¶ ObamoYr ¶m¡{JH$ {‘bm hmo, 20

{‘. ‘r. ‘moQ>mB© ‘|, ’$e© ~Zm¶| Ed§ gr‘|Q> >Kmob (D$na ~Zm¶mhþAm) S>mbH$a H$aZr (Q´>mdob) go n[aîH¥$V H$a|&

v) Bg ’$e© ‘§o 300 x 300 {‘. ‘r. Ho$ añgr H$s ghm¶Vm go ImZo~Zm X|, {Oggo g§Hw$MZ Ho$ H$maU AmZo dmbr Xamam| go ~Mm OmgHo$&

43

Bg nÕ{V go {H$¶o J¶o CnMma H$m {dñV¥V {ddaU Ho$g ñQ>S>r Ho$AÜ¶m¶ ‘o ^r {X¶m J¶m h¡&

{MÌ H«$ 2.17

3.9.7 nm°{b‘o[aH$ ‘oå~«oZ Ûmam ObamoYr CnMma :-

Bg Vah H$m CnMma AmYw{ZH$ VarHo$ d gm‘J«r go {H$¶m OmVm h¡&dfm©Ob H$s Vrd«Vm Ed§ g‘¶m{d{Y Ho$ {hgm~ go 5 naVm| ‘§o ¶m 7 naVm|‘| Bg CnMma H$mo {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&

3.9.7.1 CnMma ‘o§ à¶wº$ gm‘J«r {ZåZ h¡ :-

i) E. nr.nr. (EQ>op³Q>H$ nm°br nm°nbrZ) gwYm[aV nm°br‘o[aH$ ‘oå~o«Z,O¡gm H$s ~|Jmb {~Qw>‘oZ B§{Q>J«oQ>oS> dmQ>a àyq’$J {b. Ûmam ~Zm¶m

44

OmVm h¡& Bg ‘oå~«oZ H$mo {ZåZ {d{Z©Xoe (ñno{g{’$Ho$eZ) Ho$AZwgma hmoZm Mm{h¶o :-

� 1.5 {‘.‘r. ‘moQ>mB©, 2.25 {H$. J«m./dJ© ‘r. dOZ dmbm {Og‘| 5Vhm| ‘| {d{^Þ àH$ma H$s gm‘J«r go ~Zr erQ>/MQ>mB© hm|& ~rMH$s Vh ‘| 20µ (‘mBH«$moZ) EM. E‘. EM. S>r. nr. B©. (hmB©‘m°{b³¶wba hmB© S>opÝg{Q> nm°{b{WbrZ) H$s {’$ë‘ {OgHo$ XmoZm|Va’$ nm°br‘o[aH$ {‘lU H$s naV Ed§ CgHo$ D$na XmoZm| Va’$20µ H$s EM. E‘. EM. S>r. nr. B©. H$s {’$ë‘ hmo& Bg Vah nm±MVhm| dmbm ‘oå~«oZ, ¶m-

� 2.0 {‘. ‘r. ‘moQ>mB©, 3.0 {H$. J«m./dJ©. ‘r dOZ dmbm {Og‘o 5

Vhm| ‘o {d{^Þ gm‘J«r go ~Zr erQ>/MQ>mB© hmo& ~rM ‘| 100µ

(‘mBH«$moZ) EM. E‘. EM. S>r. nr. B© {’$ë‘ Ed§ AÝ¶ {ddaUCnamoº$mZwgma, ¶m -

� E. nr. nr. gwYm[aV 2 {‘. ‘r. ‘moQ>mB© H$m 5 Vhm| dmbm ObamoYr‘oå~«oZ {Og‘| ½bmg ’$mB~a H$s MQ>mB© (‘¡Q>) A§Xa ‘| hmo, O¡gm{H$ {~Qw>‘oZ H§$. {b., gwàr‘ ¶m Q>o‘H$mo ~ZmVo h¢, ¶m -

� Cn¶w©º$ ‘oå~«oZ {OgH$s ‘moQ>mB© 3 {‘. ‘r. hmo, ¶m -

� 3 {‘. ‘r. ‘moQ>mB© {Og‘| ½bmg ’$mB~a ‘¡Q> Ho$ ñWmZ na ~J¡a~wZr hþB© nm°{bñQ>a ‘¡Q> hmo,

{MÌ H«$ 2.18

45

Cn¶w©º$ nm±M àH$ma Ho$ ‘oå~«oZm| ‘o go Cn¶wº$ ‘oå~o«Z H$m MwZmd {H$¶mOmZm Mm{h¶o&

ii) {MnH$mZo Ho$ {b¶o Ja‘ ãbm°Z {~Qw>‘oZ IS :702 Ho$ AZwgma 85/25

loUr dmbm&

iii) {~Qw>‘oZ àmB‘a O¡gm {H$ {~Qw>‘oZ H$. {b., gwàr‘ ¶m Q>o‘H$mo~ZmVo h¢, {OgH$m KZËd 250 go§. J«o na 0.87 go 0.89 {H$. J«m./br. Ed§ {dñH$mo{gQ>r 70 go 160 go. ‘r./ goH§$S> hmo&

3.9.7.2 gmV naVm| dmbm CnMma :-

Cn¶w©º$ gm‘J«r go Omo {H$ AZw‘mo{XV CËnmXH$m| go br JB© hmo, H$mCn¶moJ H$aHo$ CnMma {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&

i) g~go nhbo N>V H$s V¡¶mar O¡go {H$ nhbo {dñVma go ~Vm¶mJ¶m h¡, H$aZm h¡&

ii) nhbr naV {~Qw>‘oZ àmB‘a n¡am 3.9.7.1(iii) Ho$ AZwgma, 0.4{H$. J«m./dJ© ‘r. Ho$ {hgm~ go bJmZm h¡&

Xÿgar, Mm¡Wr Ed§ N>R>r naV ‘| n¡am 3.9.7.1(ii) Ho$ AZwgma{MnH$mZo Ho$ {b¶o {~Qw>‘oZ H$m à¶moJ 1.2 {H$. J«m./ dJ© ‘r. Ho${hgm~ go H$aZm h¡&

iii) Vrgar d nm±Mdr naV ‘| 1.5 {‘. ‘r. ¶m 2 {‘. ‘r. ‘moQ>mB© dmbm‘oå~«oZ n¡am 3.9.7.1 (i) Ho$ AZwgma bJmZm h¡&

iv) A§{V‘ d gmVdt naV Cn¶w©º$ CnMma H$s gwajm Ho$ {b¶o bJmB©OmVr h¡& Bg naV H$mo O¡gm AÝ¶ CnMmam| ‘| Cn¶moJ {H$¶mOmVm h¡, d¡go hr ~ZmZm h¡& Bg A§{V‘ naV Ho$ {b¶o {~«H$Q>mBëg: 100 loUr H$s 12 {‘.‘r. ‘moQ>o gr‘|Q> Ed§ aoV Ho$ (1:3)Ho$ ‘gmbo ‘| 2% A{d^mÁ¶ (B§{Q>Jab) ObamoYr ¶m¡{JH$ {‘bmH$a,BñVo‘mb H$aZm h¡& gmW-gmW Bgr ‘gmbo go Cnar gVh H$mo

46

15 go 20 {‘. ‘r. ‘gmbo go n[aîH¥$V H$a| d gr‘|Q> ñbar S>mbH$a{MH$Zm H$a|& ~mX ‘| 300 x 300 {‘. ‘r. Ho$ añgr H$s ghm¶Vmgo Mm¡H$moa ImZo ~Zm X|& gr‘|Q> ñbar ‘| r 2% ObamoYr Ad¶d{‘bm¶§o& D$nar gVh na, VamB© Ho$ {b¶o 7 go 10 {XZ Ho$ {b¶onmZr â X§o d Hw$b 20 go 21 {XZ VH$ VamB© H$s ì¶dñWm aI|&

3.9.7.3 nm±M naVm§o ‘| CnMma :-

Bg Vah Ho$ ObamoYr CnMma ‘| gmV naVm| dmbo CnMma ‘| à¶wº$gm‘J«r H$m hr BñVo‘mb hmoVm h¡&

i) N>V H$s V¡¶mar Ho$ ~mX àmB‘a nhbo O¡go hr bJmZm h¡&

ii) Xÿgar d Mm¡Wr naV {MnH$mZo dmbo {~Qw>‘oZ H$mo nhbo H$s VahbJmZm h¡&

iii) Vrgar naV E. nr. nr. ‘oå~«oZ 2.0 {‘. ‘r. ‘moQ>mB© dmbm bJmZmh¡&

iv) nm±Mdr d A§{V‘ naV D$na Ho$ CnMma ‘| ~VmB© JB© gmVdt naVO¡gr ~ZmZr h¡&

3.9.8. {~Qw>‘oZ ‘opñQ>H$ Ûmam ObamoYr CnMma (IS : 4365-1967)

{~Qw>‘oZ ‘opñQ>H$ ; {~Qw>‘oZ, I{ZO {’$ba Ed§ dob J«oS>oS> aoV Am¡a /¶m N>moQ>r {JÅ>r H$m EH$ {ZpíMV AZwnmV ‘| {‘lU h¡ {Ogo O~ 1800 go.J«o. VH$ J‘© {H$¶m OmVm h¡ Vmo AY© R>mog ¶m AY© Vab {‘lU àmá hmoVmh¡& Bg J‘© {‘lU H$mo Q´>m°dob go AmgmZr go X~mH$a g‘Vb {H$¶m OmgH$Vm h¡& BgH$s naV 10 {‘. ‘r. go H$‘ ‘moQ>mB© H$s Zht bJmB© OmZmMm{h¶o& R>ÊS>m hmoZo Ho$ ~mX {‘lU R>mog, EH$ O¡gr, ObamoYr naV ‘|~Xb OmVm h¡& My±{H$ BgH$s gVh H$m a§J Jham H$mbm hmoVm h¡ Omo H$sCî‘m H$mo gmoIVm h¡ AV: J‘u Ho$ {XZm| ‘| A§Xa H$m Vmn‘mZ ~‹T> OmVmh¡, Bg{b¶o ¶h CnMma AnojmH¥$V R>ÊS>o ñWmZm| Ho$ {b¶o Cn¶wº$ h¡&

47

3.9.8.1 gm‘J«r (IS : 3037-1986) :-

i) {~Qw>‘oZ :- ãbm°Z {~Qw>‘oZ 85/25 ¶m 90/15 loUr BgHo$ {b¶oCn¶wº$ h¡& ‘mZH$ Q>oñQ> ‘| ‘mnm J¶m Kwgmd (no{ZQ´>oeZ) 45 {‘.‘r. go Á¶mXm Zht hmoZm Mm{h¶o&

i) {JÅ>r EJ«rJoQ> :- nËWa H$s N>moQ>r {JÅ>r (6 {‘.‘r. go N>moQ>r) Ed§I{ZO {’$ba O¡go MyZm nËWa H$s amI ¶m gr‘|Q> H$mo Hw$b{‘lU H$m 80 go 85% (dOZ Ho$ AZwgma) Ed§ {~Qw>‘oZ H$mo 15

go 20% (dOZ Ho$ AZwgma) {‘bmZm h¡& Cn¶moJ ‘| bmB© OmZodmbr{JÅ>r Ho$ H$Um| H$m AmH$ma {ZåZ àH$ma go Ano{jV h¡ :-

IS : N>bZr H$m ‘mn dOZ H$m à{VeV

75 µ N>bZr go {ZH$bZm 40-45

(I{ZO {’$ba Ho$ {b¶o)

75 µ N>bZr na éH$s Ed§ 2 {‘.‘r. 15-20

MbZr go {ZH$br ‘mÌm

425 µ N>bZr na éH$s Ed§ 15-20

2 {‘.‘r. N>bZr go {ZH$br ‘mÌm

2 {‘.‘r. N>bZr na éH$s 20-30

Ed§ 4.75 {‘.‘r. N>bZr go {ZH$br‘mÌm

10 {‘.‘r. N>bZr na éH$s ‘mÌm Hw$N> Zht

3.9.8.2 {‘lU ~ZmZo H$s {d{Y :-

I{ZO {’$ba (âZo dmbm) Ed§ N>moQ>r {JÅ>r H$mo Amng ‘| {‘bmH$a1700 go 2500 go. J«o. VH$ Ja‘ H$aZm h¡& Amdí¶H$ {~Qw>‘oZ H$s ‘mÌm H$moAbJ go 1700

go 1800 go.Jo«. VH$ Ja‘ H$aHo$ {JÅ>r d {’$ba ‘| {‘bm X|&

48

Bg ~mV H$m »¶mb aI| {H$ {Og hm§S>r ‘§o BZH$mo Ja‘ {H$¶m Om ahm h¡&dhm± Vmn‘mZ H$^r ^r 2500 go. J«o. go Á¶mXm Zm ~‹T>o&

‘erZr hmÊS>r {Og‘| H$s {‘lU ~Zm¶m Om ahm h¡ Cg‘| EH$ gmWnyao {‘lU H$mo 30 {‘{ZQ> ‘| C‹S>obZo H$s ì¶dñWm hmoZr Mm{h¶o&

{~Qw>‘oZ ‘opñQ>H$ H$mo H$maImZo ‘| ~ZmH$a O‘Zo Ho$ ~mX bJmZo Ho$ {b¶o{’$a go {nKbm H$a ^r BñVo‘mb H$a gH$Vo h¢&

3.9.8.3 naVm| H$s g§»¶m Ed§ ‘moQ>mB©:-

N>V, Q>oaog ¶m ~mbH$Zr ‘| Xmo gVhm| ‘| CnMma Cn¶wº$ h¡& nhbrnaV 10 {‘.‘r. Ed§ Xÿgar naV 15 {‘. ‘r. ‘moQ>mB© H$s ~Zm¶|& I‹S>rgVhm| na Xmo naV| Hw$b ‘moQ>mB© 12 {‘.‘r. go H$‘ Zht ¶m VrZ naV| Hw$b‘moQ>mB© 20 {‘.‘r. go H$‘ Zm hmo&

3.9.8.4 V¡¶mar :-

I‹S>r ¶m ‹T>mbXma gVhm| na {~Qw>‘oZ ‘opñQ>H$ {MnH$mZo Ho$ {b¶o n¶m©ánH$‹S> Mm{h¶o& CgHo$ {b¶o BªQ>H$m¶© Ho$ Omo‹S>m§o H$mo Iwbm H$a| Ed§ Vma Ho$~«e go gm’$ H$a X|& O~ ^r I‹S>r gVhm| na ‘opñQ>H$ bJm¶| Vmo Cgo25 x 25 {‘. ‘r. Ho$ Im±Mo ‘| IË‘ H$a| Ed§ CgHo$ D$na "‘oQ>b âb¡qeJ'bJm¶|&

Bg Vah H$m CnMma Cî‘mamoYr CnMma Ho$ gmW ¶m CgHo$ {~Zm ^r{H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&

49

{MÌ H«$ 2.19 ObamoYr CnMma, Cî‘m amoYr CnMma Ho$ ~J¡a

{MÌ H«$ 2.20 ObamoYr CnMma, Cî‘m amoYr CnMma Ho$ gmW

50

3.9.8.5 bJmZo H$s {d{Y :-

{Og gVh na ‘opñQ>H$ bJmZm h¡ CgHo$ ‹T>mb H$s AÀN>r Vah Om±MH$a|& nyar N>V H$s gVh H$mo N>moQ>o {hñgm| ‘| ~m±Q> b| {Oggo AmgmZr go‘opñQ>H$ H$mo O‘Zo Ho$ nhbm bJm¶m Om gHo$& Á¶mXm H$marJa hm§o Vmo ~‹S>o{hñgo ‘| EH$ ~ma ‘| ‘opñQ>H$ bJm gH$Vo h¢&

1. naV| bJmZo Ho$ {b¶o {ZåZ VarH$m AnZm¶| :-

i) ha {hñgo ‘| naV H$mo EH$ g‘mZ ‘moQ>mB© ‘| EH$ gmW nhbo goV¡¶ma gVh na ’¡$bm¶§o&

ii) nhbr naV Ho$ Vwa§V ~mX Cg {hñgo ‘| Xÿgar naV H$mo bJm¶|,Xoa H$aZo go nhbr naV Ho$ D$na Yyb dJ¡ah {MnH$ gH$Vr h¡&

iii) nhbr d Xÿgar naV na Omo‹S> "ñQ>¡Ja' H$a| & EH$ Omo‹S> Ho$ R>rH$D$na Xÿgar naV H$m Omo‹S> H$‘ go H$‘ 150 {‘. ‘r. Xÿa ~Zm¶|&

iv) naV H$s ‘moQ>mB© ~Zm¶o aIZo Ho$ {b¶o bH$‹S>r Ho$ JwQ>H$m| H$m ‘mnBñVo‘mb H$a|&

v) ¶{X naV ‘| hdm Ho$ ~wb~wbo ~Z Om¶| Vmo ’$m¡aZ CZ‘| N>oX H$aHo$Cgo X~m X|&

2. gVh H$s {’${ZqeJ :-

D$nar gVh Ho$ R>ÊS>o hmoZo Ho$ nhbo bH$‹S>r Ho$ nQ>|Jm (âbmoQ>) goaJ‹S>Vo hþ¶o Cgo {’${Ze H$a|& {’${Ze H$aVo g‘¶ ‘hrZ aoV (- 850µ

Ed§ +350 µ ) H$mo D$na {N>‹S>H$Vo ah|& Omo‹S>m§o na {deof Ü¶mZ X| Ed§I‹S>r Ymam| na aoV {MnH$Zo go ~Mm¶|&

A§V ‘| ‘opñQ>H$ Ho$ D$na hëHo$ a§J Ho$ I{ZO EJ«rJoQ> ¶m J«odb S>mbgH$Vo h¢ ¶m H§$H«$sQ>/ Q>mBb H$s EH$ naV bJm gH$Vo h¢, {Oggo D$î‘mH$‘ gmoIr Om¶o&

51

3.10 ñZmZKa Ed§ g§S>mg (àgmYZ) H$m ObamoYr CnMma :-

ñZmZKa BË¶mXr go Ob[agmd H$s g‘ñ¶m ~hþV J§ ra h¡& My±{H$ BZñWmZm| na nmZr H$m BñVo‘mb h‘oem hmoVm h¡ AV: Ob[agmd H$sg§ mdZm ^r Á¶mXm h¡, O~ {H$ N>Vm| go Ob[agmd gm‘mÝ¶V: dfm©H$mbVH$ gr{‘V ahVm h¡& ñZmZKa BË¶mXr go Ob[agmd Ho$ {ZåZ ‘w»¶H$maU h¡ :-

i) Iam~ ñVa H$m H$m¶©,

ii) ghr gm‘J«r H$m MwZmd Z H$aZm,

iii) C{MV Ed§ g‘¶ na aIaImd H$s H$‘r,

iv) ghr ‹T>mb H$m A^md,

v) nmBnm| Ho$ Omo‹S> Ed§ Xrdma ‘| R>rH$ go Zm ~¡R>Zm,

vi) OmZH$mar H$m A^md Ed§,

vii) {Z‘m©U Ho$ g‘¶ {d{ZX}em| H$m nmbZ Zm H$aZm,

ñZmZKam| Ed§ g§S>mg ‘| {Z‘m©U Ho$ g‘¶ hr A{d^mÁ¶ ObamoYrCnMma (B§{Q>aJb dmQ>a àyq’$J) nÕ{V go CnMma H$aZm Mm{h¶o& BZñWmZm| na {~Qw>‘oZ AmYm[aV àUmbr Zht AnZmZm Mm{h¶o&

¶{X g§H$Z ñb¡~ ~Zm¶r JB© h¡ Vmo g§S>mg {Z‘m©U Ho$ {ZåZ MaUm| ‘§oCnMma {H$¶m OmZm Mm{h¶o :-

3.10.1 CnMma Ho$ {b¶o V¡¶mar :-

g^r Xrdmbmo§ na Am§V[aH$ ßbmñQ>a nyam H$a| Ed§ ’$e© Ho$ ñVa gobJ^J 450 {‘. ‘r. D$na ßbmñQ>a N>mo‹S> X§o&

g^r nmZr H$s nmBn bmBZ ¶m AÝ¶ H$m¶© hoVw ({~Obr BË¶mXr)Xrdmbm| ‘| Im±Mo ~ZmH$a H$m¶© H$mo nyam H$a|& gr‘|Q> d aoV (1:3) Ho$ ‘gmbogo g^r Im±Mmo§ H$mo AÀN>r Vah â H$a n[aîH¥$V H$a|&

52

’$e© ¶m ñb¡~ na {Jao hþ¶o ‘gmbo, ¶m AÝ¶ gm‘J«r H$mo R>rH$ go gm’$H$a|& ¶{X Amdí¶H$ hmo Vmo N>¡Zr-hWmo‹S>o H$m BñVo‘mb H$a ñb¡~ Ho$H§$H«$sQ> VH$ R>rH$ go g’$mB© H$a|& Xrdmbm| ‘| ZhmZr Q´>on, nr Q´>on BË¶m{XbJmZo Ho$ {b¶o nmBnm| H$mo R>rH$ go bJm¶o§ Ed§ Xrdmbm| Ho$ N>oXm| H$mo XmoZm|Va’$ go gr‘|Q> d aoV (1:3) Ho$ ‘gmbo go â Xo§&

g^r nmBnm|, Q´>¡n BË¶mXr H$mo A§Xa go AÀN>r Vah nmZr go Ymo¶o§&

¶{X g§H$Z ñb¡~ go {H$gr àH$ma H$m [agm~ hmo Vmo Cgo R>rH$ H$aZoHo$ {b¶o J«mCqQ>J H$a|& Ob [agmd H$s Om±M H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o g§H$Z ñbo~‘| bJ^J 70 {‘.‘r. JhamB© ‘| nmZr H$‘ go H$‘ 12 K§Q>o Ho$ {b¶o âH$aaI| Ed§ ZrMo go Ob [agmd H$s Om±M H$a|& Ohm± go Ob[agmd Á¶mXm hmoahm hmo dhm± na J«mCqQ>J H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o gm°Ho$Q> bJm¶|& gm‘mÝ¶V: ZrMod ~Jb H$s ñb¡~ Ho$ Omo‹S>m§o go Ob[agmd H$s g§ mdZm Á¶mXm hmoVr h¡&BgHo$ {b¶o ZrMo d ~Jb H$s ñbo~ Ho$ Omo‹S>m| na J«mCqQ>J hoVw gm°Ho$Q>bJm¶|& {MÌ H«$. 2.21 ‘§o Xem©¶o AZwgma ì¶dñWm H$a|&

{MÌ H«$ 2.21

J«mCqQ>J ñnmCQ> ‘| 1.5 go 2.0 ‘r. hoS> Ho$ gmW ¶m àoea n§n go gr‘|Q>Kmob H$mo J«mCQ> H$a| (50 {H$. J«m. gr‘|Q> Ed§ 75 go 100 br. nmZr)&J«mCqQ>J Ho$ Xmo {XZ ~mX {’$a go nmZr âH$a [agmd H$s Om±M H$a|&

53

3.10.2 ObamoYr ßbmñQ>a :-

g’$mB© Ed§ J«mCqQ>J Ho$ ~mX gVh H$mo EH$ K§Q>o {^JmoH$a aI| Ed§ CgHo$~mX gr‘|Q> d aoV (1:4) Ho$ ‘gmbo ‘| A{d^mÁ¶ ObamoYr ¶m¡{JH${‘bmH$a 25 go 40 {‘. ‘r. ‘moQ>m ßbmñQ>a H$a|& ZrMo H$s ñb°~ ‘| ~mhaH$s Va’$ 1:100 ¶m Á¶mXm ‹T>mb H$s ì¶dñWm H$a|& Bgr Vah Xrdmbm| na^r ßbmñQ>a H$a| (N>mo‹S>o hþ¶o 450 {‘. ‘r. ñWmZ na)& ßbmñQ>a H$aZo Ho$nhbo 25 {‘. ‘r. ì¶mg dmbm Or. Am¶. ¶m nr. ìhr. gr. nmBn ~mharXrdmb ‘| ñb¡~ Ho$ Cna bJm¶| Ed§ ßbmñQ>a go Bg nmBn Ho$ ‘whmZo VH$‹T>mb ~Zm¶|&

Bg ~mV H$m Img »¶mb aI| H$s nyam ßbm°ñQ>a EH$ gmW hmo Am¡aCg‘| H$moB© r Omo‹S> Zm hmo& g^r nmBnm| Ho$ Mmam§o Va’$, Xrdmbm| Ho$ Omo‹S>m§o,XadmOo H$s Xohar ({gb) BË¶mXr g^r ñWmZm| na EH$ gmW ßbmñQ>aH$a|& AJbo {XZ nyar g§H$Z ñb°~ H$mo nmZr go 4-5 {XZm| Ho$ {b¶o â X|Ed§ ~mX ‘| Ob[agmd Ho$ {b¶o Om±M H$a|&

� ñZmZKa ‘| ‹T>mb H$m {deof »¶mb aIZm Mm{h¶o&

� Xrdmbm| na Á¶mXm D±$MmB© VH$ 1200 go 2100 {‘.‘r. VH$ O¡grAmdí¶H$Vm hmo, ObamoYr CnMma ’$e© Ho$ D$nar gVh Ho$CnMma (Q>m°qnJ) Ho$ gmW gmW ~J¡a {H$gr Omo‹S> Ho$ H$aZmMm{h¶o&

� Q>mB©b bJmVo dº$ AË¶{YH$ ‘moQ>mB© ‘| gr‘|Q> noñQ> H$m Cn¶moJZm H$a| Ed§ g^r Omo‹S> {deof én go CnbãY "grb|Q>' go hr a|&

� ZhmZr Q´>¡n Ho$ nmg Q>mBb H$mo Amdí¶H$VmZwgma ({VaN>m) H$mQ>H$a bJm¶|&

� ZhmZr Q´>¡n Ho$ A§Xê$Zr {hñgo Ed§ ’$e© Ho$ Omo‹S> na grb|Q> bJm¶|&

54

{MÌ H«$ 2.22

� {’${ZíS> ’$e© ‘| 1:25 H$m ‹T>mb ~Zm¶o§& ‹T>mb {H$g Vah XoZm h¡,BgHo$ {b¶o S´>mB§J ~ZmVo g‘¶ ßbmZ ‘| d¡brbmBÝg Xem©¶rOmZr Mm{h¶o&

� ñZmZKa ‘| Jrbo Ed§ gyIo ñWmZ H$mo AbJ-AbJ H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o’$e© ‘o§ 25 go 40 {‘.‘r. H$m A§Va aI|& XadmOo Ho$ nmg A§XaH$m ’$e© ~mhar ’$e© go 50 {‘.‘r. ZrMm aI§o&

55

{MÌ H«$ 2.23

3.11 Xrdmbm| H$m ObamoYr CnMma :-

~mhar ßbmñQ>a ‘| Vmn‘mZ ‘| A§Va AmZo Ho$ H$maU Ed§ gr‘|Q> ‘| ewé‘| {gHw$‹S>Z (qe«Ho$O) Ho$ H$maU Xama| Am OmVt h¢& BZ Xamam| goOb[agmd hmo gH$Vm h¡ ¶m nmZr H$mo Eogo ñWmZm| go gmoIm Om gH$Vmh¡ Omo {H$ Xrdmbm| H$s A§Xê$Zr gVh na à^md S>mbVm h¡& H§$H«$sQ> Ed§BªQ> H$s Xrdmbm| Ho$ Omo‹S> Ho$ ñWmZ na ^r Xama| AmVt h¢, BZ Xamam| go^r Ob[agmd H$s g§ mdZm hmoVr h¡& ~mhar ßbmñQ>a H$aVo g‘¶ {ZåZ~mVm| H$m »¶mb aIo§ :-

� BªQ> {MZmB© Ho$ Omo‹S>m§o H$mo {MZmB© H$aVo g‘¶ bH$S>r H$s nÅ>r goaJ‹S> gm’$ {H$¶m Om¶o,

� ~mhar ßbmñQ>a Xmo naVmo ‘| {H$¶m Om¶o& nhbr naV 12-15 {‘.‘r. ‘moQ>mB© H$s {Ogo H$s IwaXþam ~Zm {X¶m Om¶o (Vma Ho$ ~«eH$m Cn¶moJ H$aZm Mm{h¶o) Ed§ Xÿgar naV 8 go 10 {‘.‘r. ‘moQ>mB©

56

H$s ~Zm¶|& nhbr naV H$aZo Ho$ 2 go 4 {XZ ~mX Xÿgar naV ‘|ßbmñQ>a H$a|& XmoZmo naVm| Ho$ ~rM gr‘|Q> Kmob H$m BñVo‘mb H$a|&ßbmñQ>a Ho$ ‘gmbo (1:4 ¶m 1:5) ‘| A{d^mÁ¶ ObamoYr ¶m¡{JH${‘bm¶|& ßbmñQ>a Ho$ Cn¶moJ hoVw Eogo ¶m¡{JH$ CnbãY h¢ Omogr‘|Q> H$s {gHw$‹S>Z (qe«Ho$O) H$mo H$‘ H$aZo Ho$ gmW-gmWObamoYr ^r hmoVo h¢&

� H§$H«$sQ> Ed§ BªQ>H$m¶© Ho$ Omo‹S> na Xmo naVm| ‘| nVbo Vma H$s Ombr({MH$Z ‘oe) H$mo bmoho H$s 50 {‘.‘r. b§~r H$sbm| go AÀN>r VahItM H$a bJm¶|&

� {Z‘m©U ¶moOZm ‘| Bg ~mV H$m »¶mb aIm Om¶o {H$ BªQ>H$m¶© Ed§H§$H«$sQ> Ho$ Omo‹S>mo§ go Ob[agmd H$mo H$‘ H$aZo H$s ì¶dñWm hmo&O¡go {H$ ~råg Ho$ ZrMo ¶{X Wmo‹S>m {hñgm ~mha {ZH$mb Xo§ (O¡gm{H$ {MÌ H«$. 2.24 ‘| Xem©¶m h¡) Vmo ZrMo Ho$ BªQ>H$m¶© Ed§ ~r‘ Ho$~rM go Ob[agmd H$s g§ mdZm H$‘ hmo OmVr h¡&

{MÌ H«$ 2.24

57

� ~r‘ Ed§ Iå~m| go ¶{X BªQ>H$m¶© Wmo‹S>m A§Xa H$s Va’$ {H$¶m Om¶oAm¡a Mmam| Va’$ Im±Mo ‘| bMrbm ObamoYr ¶m¡{JH$ bJm {X¶mOm¶o Vmo ^r Ob[agmd H$s g§ mdZm H$‘ hmo OmVr h¡&

� ~mhar Xrdmbm| na ObamoYr doXa ày’$ n|Q> bJmZm ^r g‘ñ¶m H$moH$‘ H$aVm h¡&

3.12 Xrdmbm| ‘| ZrMo ObamoYr CnMma (S>|n ày’$ H$mog©) : -

Xrdmbm| ‘| Ztd go Z‘r AmZo H$s ~hþV g§ mdZm ahVr h¡, ImgVm¡ana ¶{X y{‘JV ObñVa D±$Mm hmo& My±{H$ BªQ> H$s Xrdmb§o Ztd ‘§o {‘Å>r‘| X~r ahVr h¢ Ed§ BªQ>mo H$s g§aMZm {N>{Ðb (nmoag) hmoVr h¡ AV: CZ‘|AmgmZr go nmZr àdoe H$a gH$Vm h¡&

CÀM Ob ñVa Ho$ H$maU H¡${nbar E³eZ go Ob H$m àdoe hmo gH$Vmh¡& Bg Vah Ho$ Ob H$mo Am¡a Cna Z AmZo XoZo Ho$ {b¶o ~rM ‘| Hw$gu ñVa(pßb¨W bodb) na EH$ ObamoYr naV H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡& Bg ñVana {H$¶o J¶o H$m¶© H$mo S>|n ày’$ H$mog© (S>r.nr.gr.) H$hVo h¢&

S>r.nr.gr. nyao ^dZ ‘| EH$ gmW ~Zm¶r OmZr Mm{h¶o {Oggo$ H$s{Z‘m©U Ho$ Xm¡amZ N>mo‹S>o J¶o Omo‹S>mo§ go Z‘r àdoe Zm H$a nm¶o& Xrdmbmo§‘| S>r. nr. gr. H$mo O‘rZ Ho$ ñVa go H$‘ go H$‘ 150 {‘.‘r. D±$MmB© nahmoZm Mm{h¶o& ¶h D±$MmB© ^dZ ~ZZo Ho$ ~mX ~mha Ho$ n[aîH¥$V ñVa({’${ZíS> bodb) Ho$ g~go D±$Mo q~Xþ go Zmnr OmZr Mm{h¶o, O¡go {H$^dZ Ho$ Mmam| Va’$ ~Zo EàZ go&

Cn¶wº$ à¶moOZ Ho$ {b¶o {d{^Þ àH$ma go CnMma {H$¶m Om gH$Vmh¡& Hw$N> à{M{bV VarHo$ {ZåZ h¡ :-

1. {Og ñVa na S>r. nr. gr. ~ZmZm h¡, dhm± 40 go 50 {‘.‘r. ‘moQ>mB©H$s H§$H«$sQ> (1:2:4) {Og‘| ObamoYr ¶m¡{JH$ IS : 2645.1975 Ho$ AZwgma{‘bm¶m J¶m h¡, H$s EH$ naV, EH$ gmW g^r Xrdmbm| na ~J¡a {H$grOmo‹S> Ho$ ~Zm¶r Om¶o& S>r. nr. gr. H$mo Xrdmb H$s nyar Mm¡‹S>mB© ‘| ~ZmZm

58

Mm{h¶o Ed§ XadmOm|, ~am‘Xm Am{X ‘| Bgo ~ZmZo H$s Oê$aV Zht h¡&

Bg Vah H$s S>r. nr. gr H$mo {ZåZ VarHo$ go ~ZmZm Mm{h¶o :-

� BªQ>H$m¶© ¶m nËWa H$s ~Zr Xrdmb H$s D$nar gVh Ohm± S>r.nr.gr. ~ZmZm h¡, H$mo g‘Vb (bodb) H$aZo H$s Amdí¶H$VmhmoVr h¡& g‘Vb H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o gr‘|Q> d aoV (1:3) H$m ‘gmbmBñVo‘mb H$aZm Mm{h¶o&

� ~Jb ‘| ‘O~yV eQ>[a¨J bJm¶o§ {Og‘| go gr‘|Q> ñbar brH$ ZmH$ao Ed§ H§$H«$sQ>> Ho$ H$m°åno³eZ Ho$ g‘¶ Ñ‹T> aho&

� S>r. nr. gr. H$s H§$H«$sQ> H$mo ì¶dhm[aH$ (dH}$db) hmoZm Mm{h¶oEd§ "eQ>[a¨J' Ho$ hQ>m¶o Ho$ ~mX {H$gr ^r Vah H$s "hZrH$m°på~¨J'Zm aho&

� H$‘ go H$‘ 7 {XZm| VH$ VamB© H$a| Ed§ gyIZo na {~Qw>‘oZ H$s naVbJm¶o§&

� H$‘ go H$‘ EH$ {XZ gyIr gVh na {~Qw>‘oZ bJmZo Ho$ {b¶o S>r.nr. gr. H$s D$nar gVh gm’$ H$a|& {‘Å>r Ho$ Vob (Ho$amo{gZ) ‘|^rJo H$n‹S>o go g’$mB© H$ao§& 80/100 loUr Ho$ {~Qw>‘oZ H$mo 1600±

50 go. J«o. VH$ Ja‘ H$a 1.7 {H$. J«m./dJ© ‘r. Ho$ {hgm~ go AÀN>rVah bJm¶|& Bg ~mV H$m »¶mb aI| {H$ H$moB© ^r ñWmZ Ny>Q>oZht&

59

{MÌ H«$ 2.25

{MÌ H«$ 2.26

60

Z¶o ^dZm| Ho$ {Z‘m©U ‘| S>r. nr. gr. ‘| H§$H«$sQ> Ho$ ñWmZ na nËWaH$s ñb¡~ (âb¡J ñQ>moZ) H$m ^r BñVo‘mb {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& 40 go 50

{‘.‘r. ‘moQ>o nËWa Ho$ ñb¡~ Omo {H$ ñWmZr¶ én go CnbãY hm|, O¡go H$s~mby nËWa (g|S>ñQ>moZ), H$‹S>ßnm ñQ>moZ Am{X H$m Cn¶moJ {H$¶m OmgH$Vm h¡&

� nËWa H$s Mm¡‹S>mB© Xrdmb H$s Mm¡‹S>mB© go H$‘ Zm hmo Ed§ CnbãYA{YH$V‘ b§~mB© Ho$ nËWa H$m Cn¶moJ H$a|&

� Xrdmb H$s D$nar gVh H$mo g‘Vb ~ZmZo Ho$ {b¶o gr‘|Q> d aoV(1:3) Ho$ ‘gmbo H$m Cn¶moJ H$a|& ‘gmbo Ho$ D$na R>rH$ go nËWaH$s ñb¡~ H$mo ~¡R>m¶§o Ed§ Am‹S>o Omo‹S>m§o H$mo grb|Q> goo ~§X H$ao§&

� nËWa H$s ñb¡~ H$mo Xrdmb Ho$ ~mhar Va’$ {ZH$mbH$a r bJm¶mOm gH$Vm h¡& ~mhar {hñgo ‘| Jmob ‘mopëS>¨J H$s Om gH$Vr h¡&

� Omo‹S>mo§ H$mo grb|Q> go R>rH$ go â|&

Ama. gr. gr. ~§Y (~oÊS>) H$m àmdYmZ :-

S>r. nr. gr. ‘| ¶{X {H$gr Vah H$s Xamao§ Am Om¶o§ Vmo BgH$m à¶moOZ{gÕ Zht hmoVm h¡& Ztd ‘| Ag‘mZ ~¡R>H$ (goQ>b‘|Q>) Ho$ H$maU Xama|Am gH$Vt h¢ Ed§ gmYmaU H§$H«$sQ> BZH$mo Pob Zht nmVr& IS : 1893-2002 Ho$ AZwgma g^r BªQ> ¶m nËWa H$s {MZmB© go ~Zo ^dZm| ‘§oyH§$namoYr ~§Y H$m àmdYmZ H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o "pßb¨W bodb' na Ama. gr.

gr. ~§Y H$mo ~ZmZm Mm{h¶o& Ama. gr. gr. ~§Y go S>r. nr. gr. H$m H$m¶©^r nyU© hmoVm h¡& Bgo ~ZmVo g‘¶ A{d^mÁ¶ ObamoYr ¶m¡{^H$ [‘bm¶|Ed§ R>rH$ go H$m°°åno³eZ H$a|&

Bg Ama. gr. gr ~§Y ‘| Zm‘‘mÌ Ho$ {b¶o bmoho Ho$ g[a¶o Ed§ [a¨JS>mb|& 8 ¶m 10 {‘.‘r. ì¶mg H$s VrZ D$na d VrZ ZrMo N>‹S>|> Ed§ 8

{‘. ‘r. ì¶mg H$s [a¨J 150 go 200 {‘. ‘r. >Xÿar na S>mbZm n¶m©á h¡&

61

H$‘ go H$‘ 14 {XZm| VH$ VamB© Ho$ ~mX EH$ {XZ gyIZo H$mo N>‹moS§o Am¡aCgHo$ ~ma nhbo ~Vm¶o VarHo$ go {~Qw>‘oZ H$s naV bJm¶|&

{MÌ H«$ 2.27

3.13 {I‹S>{H$¶mo§ Ho$ D$na d Amgnmg ObamoYr CnMma :-

àH$me d hdm AmZo Ho$ {b¶o ~ZmB© JB© {I‹S>{H$¶m± A³ga Iam~H$marJar Ho$ H$maU Ob[agmd H$m H$maU ~Z OmVr§ h¢& {I‹S>{H$¶m| ‘|‘w»¶V: Ob[agmd {ZåZ OJhm| go hmoVm h¡ :-

� N>ÁOm Ed§ BªQ>H$m¶© Ho$ ~rM go,

� {I‹S>H$s Ho$ ’«o$‘ Ed§ Xrdmb Ho$ ~rM go§,

� {I‹S>H$s Ho$ ’«o$‘ Am¡a ZrMo H$s Xrdmb ({gb) Ho$ ~rM go&

N>ÁOo H$m ObamoYr CnMma :-

Ama. gr. gr. Ho$ N>ÁOo Ed§ BªQ>H$m¶© Ho$ ~rM ‘| Xama AmZo goOb[agmd H$s g§ mdZm ahVr h¡& "’«o$åS> ñQ´>³Ma' ‘| Iå~o d ~råg nhbo~Z OmVr h¢ d ~mX ‘| BªQ>H$m¶© Ho$ gmW {b§Q>b d N>ÁOm ~Zm¶m OmVm

62

h¡& {b§Q>b Ho$ D$na d ~r‘ Ho$ ZrMo Ho$ ñWmZ ‘| BªQ>H$m¶© H$aVo g‘¶ ~r‘Ho$ R>rH$ ZrMo H$s Bª©Q>m| Ho$ Omo‹S> R>rH$ go Zht â nmVo h¢ Am¡a Bg OJhgo Ob[agmd hmoVm h¡& "’«o$åS> ñQ´>³Ma' dmbo ‘H$mZm| ‘o§ ¶{X qbQ>b H$màmdYmZ hQ>mZo H$s ì¶dñWm H$s Om gHo$ Vmo A{VCÎm‘ h¡¡& ~r‘ H$s JhamB©Wmo‹S>r ~‹T>mB© Om¶o Am¡a {I‹S>H$s, XadmOm| H$s D±$MmB© ~‹T>mZo Ho$ {b¶o CZ‘|D$na amoeZXmZ EH$ gmW ~Zm¶| Om¶§o Vmo qbQ>b H$mo hQ>mZo H$s {Xem ‘|gmoMm Om gH$Vm h¡&

¶{X qbQ>b Ed§ ~r‘ Ho$ ~rM ‘| BªQ>H$m¶© H$aZm h¡ Vmo Cgo nyargmdYmZr go H$a|& D$nar naV ‘| Omo‹S> Ü¶mZ XoH$a âo Om¶| Ed§ ßbmñQ>aH$aVo g‘¶ nhbo ~Vm¶r JB© gmdYm{Z¶m± ~aV|&

~mha {ZH$bo N>ÁOo H$m {ZåZ àH$ma go ObamoYr CnMma H$ao§ :-

� Ama. gr. gr. N>ÁOo H$s D$nar gVh R>rH$ go gm’$ H$a| Ed§ g^r"byO ‘Q>o[a¶b' H$mo hQ>m¶o§&

� N>ÁOo Ho$ D$na gr‘|Q> d aoV (1:3) ‘gmbo go ßbmñQ>a H$a|, Bg‘gmbo ‘| ObamoYr ¶m¡{JH$ {‘bm¶|&

� ßbmñQ>a H$mo Xrdmb Ho$ D$na EH$ gmW H$a| Ed§ D$na Ho$ ßbmñQ>aEd§ N>ÁOo Ho$ ßbmñQ>a Ho$ ~rM ‘| ZrMo {MÌ ‘| {XIm¶o VarHo$"dmQ>m d H$Zr' ~Zm¶|&

63

{MÌ H«$ 2.28

� ßbmñQ>a hmoZo Ho$ ~mX gr‘|Q> Kmob ‘| A{d^mÁ¶ (B§Q>rJab)ObamoYr ¶m¡{JH$ {‘bmH$a n[aîH¥$V ({’${Ze) H$a|&

"{gb' H$m CnMma :- {I‹S>H$s H$s "{gb' ~ZmVo g‘¶ ~mhar dA§Xê$Zr bodb ‘| A§Va aIo§ Ed§ "{gb' na bJm¶o J¶o nËWa ¶m H§$H«$sQ>‘| ~mha H$s Va’$ ‹T>bmZ aI|& AmOH$b "Eë¶y{‘{Z¶‘' go³eZ H$s{I‹S>{H$¶m± bJmB© OmVr h¢, Eogr OJhm| na "{gb' ‘| Xmo naVm| ‘| nËWabJm¶§o Ed§ A§Xa d ~mha H$‘ go H$‘ 15 {‘. ‘r. H$m A§Va aI§o& {MÌ ‘|BgH$m {ddaU {XIm¶m J¶m h¡& "{gb' Ho$ nËWa ¶m H§$H«$sQ> H$mo XrdmbHo$ ßbmñQ>a go ~mha {ZH$mbo§ Ed§ BgHo$ ZrMo Xrdmb Ho$ ~rM Ho$ Omo‹S> H$moR>rH$ go CnMm[aV H$a|& {gb Ho$ nËWa ¶m H§$H«$sQ> H$mo XmoZm| Va’$ H$sXrdmbm| ‘| bJ^J 70 go 75 {‘.‘r. X~m¶§o& ¶{X VwbZmË‘H$ én go{I‹S>{H$¶m± H$m’$s ~‹S>r hm§o Ed§ ~rM ‘| BªQ>H$m¶© H$‘ hmo Vmo nyar b§~mB© ‘|Xrdmb na EH$ gmW "{gb' ~ZmZm AÀN>m h¡& Eogr "{gb' ~ZmZo go{I‹S>{H$¶m| Ho$ {ZMbo H$moZm| go AmZodmbr {VaN>r Xamam| (S>m¶¾°b H«o$³g)go ^r ~Mm Om gH$Vm h¡&

64

{MÌ H«$ 2.29

{MÌ H«$ 2.30 {I‹S>H$s ’«o$‘ Ho$ ~Jb H$s OJh H$s J«mCqQ>J

� {I‹S>H$s Ho$ ’«o$‘ H$mo bJmZo Ho$ ~mX ¶{X ßbmñQ>a {H$¶m Om¶o,{Oggo ’«o$‘ Cg‘| X~ Om¶o, Vmo ~Jb go Ob[agmd H$s g§ mdZmH$‘ hmo OmVr h¡& na§Vw AmOH$b Eë¶y{‘{Z¶‘ Ho$ ’«o$‘ ~Zm¶o OmVoh¢ Ed§ nËWa Ho$ "{gb d gm¡[’$Q>' (ZrMo d ~Jb) ~Zm¶o OmVo

65

h¢ Ed§ nËWa Ho$ Eogr OJhm| na Eë¶y{‘{Z¶‘ Ed§ nËWa Ho$ ~rMOJh (J¡n) ah OmVr h¡ Am¡a Cg‘| go A³ga nmZr A§Xa AmVmh¡& {I‹S>H$s Ho$ Eë¶y{‘{Z¶‘ ’«o$‘ d nËWa Ho$ ~rM Ho$ ñWmZ H$moBbmñQ>mo‘o[aH$ grb|Q> Omo {H$ {g{bH$moZmBÁS> E{H«${bH$ nm°br‘ago ~Zm hmo, J«mCQ> H$aHo$ â XoZm Mm{h¶o&

3.14 ~og‘oÝQ>, pñdq‘J nyb Ed§ Ob §S>mam| H$m ObamoYr CnMma :-

~og‘oÝQ> (VhImZm) pñdq‘J nyb, {bâQ> Ho$ {ZMbo JÉ>o Am{X H$mObamoYr CnMma H$aVo g‘¶ Bg ~mV H$m »¶mb aIZm Mm{h¶o {H$ BZg^r ñWmZm| Ho$ CnMmamo§ H$mo nmZr Ho$ X~md H$mo ^r ghZm n‹S>Vm h¡& EogrOJhm| na CnMma ~mhar nmZr H$mo A§Xa AmZo go amoH$Zo Ho$ {b¶o H$aZo H$sAmdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡& pñdq‘J nyb Ho$ ‘m‘bo ‘| ^rVa âo hþ¶o nmZr H$mo^r [agmd go amoH$Zm h¡& Ama. gr. gr. H$r Xrdmbm| d {ZMbr ñb°~ Ho$Mmamo§, Va’$ ~mha go "~m°³g Q>mBn' ObamoYr CnMma H$m gm‘mÝ¶V:Cn¶moJ hmoVm h¡&

Cn¶w©º$ àH$ma go ObamoYr CnMma H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o {ZåZ à{H«$¶mAnZm¶r OmVr h¡ :-

� ZrMo H$s H§$H«$sQ> (nr. gr. gr.) H$aZo Ho$ ~mX CgHo$ D$nagr‘oÝQ> d aoV (1:4) Ho$ ‘gmbo ({Og‘| ObamoYr ¶m¡{JH$ {‘bmhmo) H$mo {~N>m H$a 600 x 600 {‘. ‘r. AmH$ma Ho$ ehm~mX ¶mAÝ¶ H$moB âb¡J ñQ>moZ H$mo bJm¶|& BZ nËWam| H$s ‘moQ>mB© 30 go40 {‘. ‘r. hmoZr Mm{h¶o&

� BZ nËWam| H$mo Mmam| Va’$ go grYm H$mQ>m OmZm Mm{h¶o Ed§ bJmVog‘¶ Omo‹S>mo§ H$mo {IgH$m H$a (ñQ>¡Ja) bJm¶|&

� nËWa bJmZo Ho$ ~mX Omo‹S>mo§ H$mo gr‘oÝQ> d aoV (1:3) Ho$ ‘gmbogo AÀN>r Vah â X|& Bg ‘gmbo ‘| N>moQ>r {JÅ>r (6 {‘. ‘r.)H$mo ^r {‘bm¶| {Oggo ‘gmbo ‘| {gHw$‹S>Z Zm hmo d ‘O~yVr ~‹T>Om¶o&

66

� nËWam| Ho$ D$na-EH$ gmW ~J¡a Omo‹S> Ho$ gr‘oÝQ> d aoV (1:3)Ho$ ‘gmbo H$mo, {Og‘| ObamoYr ¶m¡{JH$ {‘bm hmo, 25 {‘.‘r.‘moQ>mB© ‘| {~N>m¶|& Bg naV H$s 7 {XZm| VH$ VamB© H$a|&

� ¶{X {H$gr Vah Ho$ {ZH$mgr nmBn Am{X bJmZo hm| Vmo nËWa{~N>mZo Ho$ nhbo bJm {b¶o Om¶| Am¡a nr.gr.gr. go ‹T>H$ X|&

� ¶{X n§qnJ Ho$ {b¶o "gån' ~ZmZm hmo Vmo Cgr AmH$ma ‘| nr. gr.gr. ‘| "gån' ~Zm¶o Ed§ nËWa ^r Cgr àmo’$mB©b ‘| bJm¶|&{ZMbo Ama.gr.gr. "aoâQ>' Ho$ ~Jb ‘| ~Zm¶r OmZo dmbr ZmbrH$s ‹T>bmZ "gån' H$r Amoa aI|&

� Cn¶w©º$ VarHo$ go ~Zr gVh na Ama. gr. gr. aoâQ> H$mo ~Zm¶oEd§ ~mX ‘| ~Jb H$s Xrdmbm| H$s H§$H«$sQ> H$a|&

� {ZMbo aoâQ> Ed§ {Xdmbm| Ho$ Omo‹S> ‘| nr.dr.gr. "dmQ>a ñQ>m°na' H$mBñVo‘mb ^r {H$¶m Om gH$Vm hmo Omo {H$ AmYm aoâQ> ‘| Am¡aAmYm Xrdmb ‘| X~m¶m OmZm Mm{h¶o&

� Xrdmbm| H$s ~mhar gVh na ehm~mX ñQ>moZ H$mo gr‘|Q> d aoV Ho$(1:3) ‘gmbo go bJm¶o§& g^r Imbr OJh ‘| gr‘|Q> d ‘hrZ aoVHo$ Kmob H$mo â|& Bg Vah Ho$ nËWa H$s bmBZ bJmZo Ho$ ~mXCZHo$ nrN>o H$s OJh AÀN>r Vah â| Am¡a CgHo$ ~mX hr Omo‹S>m§oH$mo H$mQ>Vo (ñQ>°Ja) hþ¶o AJbr D$nar bmBZ bJm¶o§&

� Bg Vah H$m ~mhar CnMma O‘rZ Ho$ bodb go 1.0 ‘r. D$naVH$ H$a|& g^r Omo‹S>m§o H$mo gr‘|Q> d aoV (1:3) Ho$ ObamoYr ¶m¡{JH$¶wº$ ‘gmbo go AÀN>r Vah grb H$a|&

� Omo‹S>m§o H$mo âZo Ho$ VrZ go Mma {XZ VH$ VamB© H$aZo Ho$ ~mXgr‘|Q> ñbar go J«mD$Q> H$a|, BgHo$ {b¶o 100 brQ>a nmZr ‘|bJ^J 1.5 ~°J gr‘|Q> Ed§ ObamoYr ¶m¡{JH$ {‘bm¶|& J«mD$Q> n§n

67

H$m BñVo‘mb H$aHo$ 2 go 3 {H$. J«m./dJ© go.‘r. X~md VH$ J«mD$Q>H$a|&

� bJ^J 10 {XZ bJmVma VamB© H$a|&

� A§V ‘| Mmam| Va’$ go EH$ gmW ~J¡a Omo‹S> Ho$ 1:4 gr‘|Q> ‘gmbogo ObamoYr ¶m¡{JH$ Ho$ gmW ßbmñQ>a H$a|&

� Bg Vah go EH$ ~m°³g ~Z OmVm h¡ Ed§ ¶h CnMma bJ^J 65

go 75 {‘.‘r. ‘moQ>m hmoZm Mm{h¶o&

{MÌ H«$ 2.31 ‘| Bg CnMma Ho$ {ddaU Xem©¶o J¶o h¢&

{MÌ H«$ 2.31

Cº$ CnMma {bâQ> Ho$ JÉ>o, O‘rZ Ho$ ZrMo nmZr H$s Q>§H$s ¶mpñdq‘Jnyb Ho$ {b¶o ^r Cn¶w³V h¡& ¶{X ~og‘|Q> H$m CnMma H$aZm hmo

68

Vmo Cº$ CnMma Ho$ gmW EH$ ~Jb ‘| "S´>oZoO J°bar' ^r ~ZmZm Cn¶moJrhmoVm h¡& S´>oZoO J°bar ~ZmZo Ho$ {b¶o {ZåZ VarH$m AnZm¶|:-

� ~og‘|Q> Ho$ Mmam| Va’$ ZrMo Ho$ "aoâQ>' go ZrMo bodb VH$ IwXmB©H$a Cg‘| "{’$ëQ>a ‘Q>o[a¶b' âm OmVm h¡&

� IwXmB© hmoZo Ho$ ~mX 300 go 450 {‘. ‘r. ì¶mg Ho$ Ama. gr. gr.nmBn H$mo Iwbo Omo‹S>mo§ Ho$ gmW S>mb|& Bg nmBn H$m g~go D±$Mm{hñgm ^r ~og‘|Q> Ho$ A§Xê$Zr bodb go H$‘ go H$‘ 150 {‘.‘r.ZrMo hmoZm Mm{h¶o&

� nmBn ‘| 1:30 go 1:40 H$m ‹T>mb aI|&

� nmBn Ho$ D$na {’$ëQ>a ‘Q>o[a¶b â|& ZrMo ~‹S>o nËWa d D$naH$s Va’$ N>moQ>o nËWa d aoV â|&

� Bg "S´>oZoO J°bar' d ~og‘|Q> H$s Xrdmb Ho$ ~rM "nS>b ³bo" H$moAÀN>r Vah H$m°åno³Q> H$a|&

� {’$ëQ>a ‘Q>o[a¶b Ho$ D$na ’w$Q>nmW ~Zm X|&

{MÌ H«$. 2.32 ‘| BgH$m {ddaU Xem©¶m J¶m h¡&

69

{MÌ H«$ 2.32

70

O‘rZ Ho$ A§Xa pñWV nmZr H$s Q>§{H$¶m| H$m ObamoYr CnMma :-

O‘rZ Ho$ A§Xa pñWV nmZr H$s Q>§{H$¶m| H$m ~mha go CnMma O¡gm {H$D$na ~Vm¶m J¶m h¡, ehm~mX ¶m AÝ¶ âb¡J ñQ>moZ bJmH$a {H$¶m OmZmMm{h¶o& ~mhar gVh Ho$ gmW -gmW A§Xê$Zr gVh na ^r CnMma H$aZoH$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡& {ZåZ VarHo$ go ^rVar CnMma H$a|:-

� Zmbr H$s OJh g§n H$m Cn¶moJ H$a| Ed§ {ZMbo ’$e© H$s gVh H$m‹T>mb g§n H$s Amoa aI|&

� g^r nmB©nm| H$mo R>rH$ go bJm¶| Am¡a CZHo$ ‘whmZo Xrdmb H$s^rVar gVh go A§Xa H$s Amoa 25 go 40 {‘. ‘r. {ZH$mb|& BZnmBnm| H$mo H§$H«$sQ> H$aVo g‘¶ hr bJm¶o {Oggo CZH$s nH$‹S>AÀN>r ~Zr aho&

� nmBnm| ‘| bmoho Ho$ "hmoëS>’$mñQ>' doëS> H$a X| {Oggo My‹S>r H$gVog‘¶ CZH$s nH$‹S> ‹T>rbr Zm hmo&

� A§XéZr gVh na gr‘|Q> d aoV (1:3) Ho$ ‘gmbo go 25 {‘.‘r.‘moQ>m ßbmñQ>a H$a|& ‘gmbo ‘| ObamoYr ¶m¡{JH$ {‘bm¶|& gmW ‘|gr‘|Q> d ObamoYr ¶m¡{JH$ H$s ñbar go ßbmñQ>a H$mo n[aîH¥$V({’${Ze) H$a|&

� Q>§H$s H$s D$nar ñbo~ H$m ^r D$na go CnMma H$a|& D$naObamoYr ßbmñQ>a H$aZo Ho$ ~mX "{~«H$ ~¡Q> H$mo~m' H$aHo$ D$nargVh H$mo {’${Ze H$a|& nmZr H$s D$na H$s Q>§H$s¶mo| H$mo ^r ^rVago Cº$ VarHo$ go ObamoYr ~Zm¶o§& Eogr Q>§H$s¶m| ‘| ~mha goehm~mX ñQ>moZ Ho$ CnMma H$s Oê$aV Zht h¡&

3.15 {dñVma (E³gn|eZ) Omo‹S>mo§ H$m CnMma :-

Ohm± VH$ g§ d hmo ^dZ ‘| {dñVma Omo‹S>m| go ~MZm Mm{h¶o & ’«o$åS>ñQ´>³Mg© H$mo {S>μOmB©Z H$aVo g‘¶ dJ¡a {dñVma Omo‹S>m| Ho$ {S>μOmBZ {H$¶mOm gH$Vm h¡, hmo gH$Vm h¡ {H$ Bg H$maU go Wmo‹S>m IM© ~‹T> Om¶o bo{H$Z

71

EH$ h‘oem naoemZ H$aZo dmbr g§aMZm go ~M gH$Vo h¢&

{dñVma Omo‹S> ^dZ Ho$ ~rMm| ~rM Ob[agmd H$m òmoV hmo gH$Vm h¡&{dñVma Omo‹S> H$m {ddaU, ñWmZ Am{X gmdYmZr go V¶ {H$¶m OmZmMm{h¶o& ^dZ H$s H$‘ go H$‘ ‘mn (Mm¡‹S>mB©) dmbo ñWmZ na {dñVmaOmo‹S> XoZo go, Omo‹S> H$s b§~mB© H$‘ ahVr h¡, {OVZr H$‘ b§~mB© CVZr H$‘naoemZr&

{dñVma Omo‹S> Xmo Vah Ho$ hmo gH$Vo h¢ :-

� I‹S>o {dñVma Omo‹S> (d{Q>©H$b)

� Am‹S>o {dñVma Omo‹S> (hm°[aOÝQ>b)

{dñVma Omo‹S> dZ Ho$ Xmo {hñgm| Ho$ ~rM ‘| Imbr ñWmZ àXmZ H$aVmh¡, Omo {H$ Vmn‘mZ ‘o n[adV©Z Ho$ H$maU ’¡$bmd d {gHw$‹S>Z H$mog‘m¶mo{OV H$aVm h¡& Bg Imbr ñWmZ ‘| H$moB© bMrbm {ZpîH«$¶ nXmW©âm OmVm h¡ O¡go H$s {n«‘moëS>oS> {~Qw>{‘Zg erQ>²g, W‘m}H$mob erQ> ¶m{hQ>bm°Z erQ> Ed§ Omo‹S> H$mo grb H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o nm°brgë’$mBS> grb|Q> H$mCn¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

Am‹S>o {dñVma Omo‹S> H$m ObamoYr CnMma {ZåZ àH$ma go H$ao§ :-

� Omo‹S> Ho$ ~rM Ho$ ñWmZ Ed§ gVh H$mo Yyb, gr‘|Q> ‘gmbm Am{XH$mo hQ>mZo Ho$ {b¶o gm’$ H$a|&

� gVh na ¶{X Vob, J«rg Am{X bJr hmo Vmo H$amogrZ go gm’$H$a|&

� Ama. gr. gr. Ho$ {hñgo H$s Ohm± VH$ g§ d hmo EH$ gmW ‹T>bmB©H$a|& g^r {Z‘m©U Omo‹S>m§o H$mo R>rH$ go ~Zm¶o§ Ed§ "H$moëS> ÁdmB§Q>²g'go ~M|&

� ~råg H$s ~Jb H$s eQ>atJ Ho$db ~mhar Va’$ bJm¶|, ^rVa H$sAmoa {n«‘moëS>oS> {~Qw>{‘Zg erQ> (gobQ>o³g) bJm¶|& Bg erQ>

72

H$mo D$nar N>ÁOo Ho$ ZrMo ^r bJm¶|&

� N>ÁOo H$mo dfm© H$s {Xem ‘| aI| Ed§ N>ÁOo Ho$ D$nar {hñgo ‘|1:20 ¶m Á¶mXm H$m ‹T>mb aI|& N>ÁOo ‘| ZrMo {S´>n H$mog© ~Zm¶|,¶m {’$a H§$H«$sQ> ‘| hr bQ>H$m hþAm {hñgm ~Zm¶|&

� N>ÁOo Ho$ D$na ~Jb ‘| Xrdmbm| na EH$ gmW gr‘|Q> d aoV(1:3) H$m ObamoYr ßbmñQ>a H$a|, {Og‘| ObamoYr ¶m¡{JH$ {‘bmhmo&

73

{MÌ H«$ 2.33

� N>V Ho$ ObamoYr CnMma Ed§ Xrdmb Ho$ ßbmñQ>a Ho$ {ddaU H$moO¡gm {MÌ ‘| Xem©¶m h¡ ~Zm¶|&

� nyao {dñVma Omo‹S> H$s ~mhar gVhm| H$mo gr‘oÝQ> d ObamoYr¶m¡{JH$ Ho$ Kmob go n[aîH¥$V H$a|&

� ZrMo ‘| XmoZm| ~råg Ho$ ~rM Ho$ Imbr ñWmZ na E.gr. erQ> ¶mEë¶y{‘{Z¶‘ erQ> bJm¶|&

g^r OJhm| na ObamoYr CnMma H$aVo g‘¶ H$m¶© g§nmXZ ‘| Hw$ebH$marJa, AÀN>r gm‘J«r d Cn¶wº$ {ZJamZr H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡&ghr d Cn¶w³V gm‘J«r H$m M¶Z, ObamoYr CnMma H$s gmW©H$Vm H$mo~‹T>mVm h¡& R>rH$ go {H$¶m J¶m CnMma b§~o g‘¶ VH$ ^dZ H$mo gwa{jVaIVm h¡& g§~§{YV IS : H$moS²>g Ho$ àmdYmZm| H$m nmbZ H$aZm AË¶{YH$‘hËdnyU© h¡&

� I‹S>o {dñVma Omo‹S> Ho$ CnMma hoVw Cg‘| {à‘moëS>oS> erQ> bJm¶|&Omo‹S> ‘| ~mha go grb|Q> bJmH$a D$na go E. gr. erQ> ¶mEë¶y{‘{Z¶‘ erQ> bJm¶|&

74

3.16 {H«$pñQ>bmBZ ObamoYr CnMma :-

Bg Vah H$m CnMma nmZr H$s Va’$ dmbr gVh ¶m Xÿgar Va’$ dmbrgVh, XmoZm§o Va’$ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&

Bg Vah Ho$ CËnmX nmZr H$s CnpñW{V ‘| H$‹S>o hmo OmVo h¢ Ed§{H«$ñQ>b H$s ~ZmdQ> ‘| AmJo ~‹T>Vo ahVo h¢, ¶o ‘w»¶V: I{ZO nXmW©O{ZV hmoVo h¢& H§$H«$sQ> H$s Xrdmbm| Ed§ AÝ¶ g§aMZmAm| H$m CnMma H$aZoHo$ {b¶o BZH$m Cn¶moJ hmoVm h¡& Ohm± VH$ Xama ¶m Imbr ñWmZ hmoVmh¡ dhm± VH$ go KwbH$a nhþ±M OmVo h¢ Am¡a H$m’$s H$‹S>o {H«$ñQ>b Ho$ én ‘|O‘ OmVo h¢& "H°${nbar E³eZ' Ho$ H$maU AmZodmbr Z‘r Ho$ CnMma Ho${b¶o ¶h VarH$m gdm}Îm‘ h¡& BZ nXmWm} H$mo gVh na ~«e go bJm¶m OmgH$Vm h¡ ¶m {’$a Á¶mXm g‘ñ¶m H$s OJh na J«mD$Q> r {H$¶m gH$Vm h¡&

3.17 Z¡Zmo VH$ZrH$s Ûmam ObamoYr CnMma :-

Z°Zmo VH$ZrH$s na AmYm[aV nXmW© ~hþV ‘hrZ N>moQ>o H$Um| dmbo hmoVoh¢ {OZ‘| H$Um| H$m AmH$ma bJ^J 5 go 8 Z°Zmo ‘r. hmoVm h¡& nm°br‘g© Ho$ê$n ‘| Bg Vah Ho$ ~hþV go ¶m¡{JH$ CnbãY h¢& BZH$m Cn¶moJ {H$gr ^r{Z‘m©U gm‘J«r O¡go H$s H§$H«$sQ>, BªQ>, ~mby, nËWa, J«oZmBQ>, ßbmñQ>a,gr‘|Q> EñdoñQ>g erQ> Am{X na {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&

Z¡Zmo VH$ZrH$s AmYm[aV ¶m¡{JH$ Ho$ H$U N>moQ>o hmoZo Ho$ H$maU H§$H«$sQ>,nËWa Am{X Ho$ H$Um| Ho$ ~rM Ho$ ñWmZ ‘| AmgmZr go àdoe H$a OmVo h¢&BZH$mo gmYmaUV: nmZr Ho$ Kmob Ho$ én ‘| gVh bJm¶m OmVm h¡& BZgogVh H$m AÀN>m ~Mmd hmoVm h¡ Ed§ A§Xa VH$ àdoe H$aHo$ gwajm àXmZH$aVo h¢&

H§$H«$sQ> Ho$ Omo‹S>m§o na ({Z‘m©U Omo‹S>) ¶m AÝ¶ H$moB© ñWmZ Ohm± naOmo‹S>mo§ go Ob[agmd H$s g§^mdZm hmo, Bg Vah H$m CnMma AÀN>on[aUm‘ XoVm h¡ & nhbo go Am¶r Xamam| Ho$ D$na {N>{Ðb (nmoag) nXmWm]H$s D$nar gVh Am{X na ^r ¶h H$maJa h¡&

75

CnMma H$m VarH$m :-

gVh H$mo gm’$ H$a| d gyIZo Ho$ {b¶o N>mo‹S> Xo§& g’$mB© H$aVo g‘¶g^r byO ‘Q>o[a¶b, J«rg d Vob d AÝ¶ ~mhar nXmWm] H$mo gm’$ H$a|&Z¶o H§$H«$sQ> na CnMma ¶{X H$aZm hmo Vmo VamB© nyU© hmoZo Ho$ ~mX gVhgyIr hmo& dfm©H$mb ‘| CnMma Ho$ ~mX H$‘ go H$‘ 2 K§Q>mo VH$ dfm©Obgo CnMma H$mo ~MmZm Mm{h¶o&

CnMma Ho$ nhbo gVh H$mo {ZåZ àH$ma go V¡¶ma H$ao§ :-

� nmZr H$mo VoOYma X~md (H$‘ go H$‘ 1400 nr.Eg.AmB©.) Ho$gmW gVh H$s YwbmB© H$a gyIZo Ho$ {b¶o N>moS> X|&

� agm¶{ZH$ g’$mB© Ho$ Kmob H$m ^r BñVo‘mb {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&

� g^r Vah Ho$ ~mhar H$Um|, J««rg, Vob, {~Qw>‘oZ, no§Q> Am{X H$mogm’$ H$a|&

� gVh na {XIZo dmbr ~‹S>r Xamam| H$mo "dr' AmH$ma ‘| H$mQ>H$agrb|Q> go â|&

� Bg ~mV H$m »¶mb aI| H$s Z¡Zmo VH$ZrH$s dmbo Kmob H$mo bJmZogo nhbo grb|Q> gyIH$a H$‹S>m hmo Om¶o&

� ¶{X N>V ¶m AÝ¶ g‘Vb gVh na CnMma H$aZm hmo Vmo CgHo$gmW noam{nQ> na ^r H$‘ go H$‘ 300 {‘. ‘r. D$na VH$ gm’$H$a|&

KQ>H$mo§ H$mo {‘bmZm :-

gm’$ ~V©Z ‘|, gm’$ d R>ÊS>o nmZr ‘| Yrao-Yrao CËnmXH$ Ho${d{ZXo}emZwgma, Z¡Zmo VH$ZrH$s go ~Zo g§K{Z>V (H§$g§Q´>oQ>oS>) ObamoYr¶m¡{JH$ H$mo {‘bm¶|& {‘bmVo g‘¶ Yrao-Yrao Kmob H$mo {hbmVo aho§& 3 go5 {‘{ZQ> VH$ {H$gr ‘WZr go AÀN>r Vah {‘bm¶| ¶m "n°S>b {‘³ga'go H$‘ J{V na {‘bm¶§o& VoOr go {‘bmZo go ~M§o Ed§ {‘bmVo g‘¶ PmJ

76

Z ~ZZo X|& Ho$db CVZm hr Kmob ~Zm¶| {OVZm Cgr {XZ 18 go 20 K§Q>mo‘| Cn¶moJ ‘| bm¶m Om gH$Vm hmo&

Kmob H$mo bJmZm :-

Kmob H$mo bJmVma MbmVo ah|& EH$ H$‘ X~md dmbo ñào n§n go (15-20 nr. Eg. AmB©.), {Og‘| dm¶w H$m Cn¶moJ Zm hmo, EH$ gmW nyar gVhna ñào H$a|& gVh H$s pñW{V Ed§ Cn¶moJ Ho$ {hgm~ go CnMma H$s‘moQ>mB©, CËnmXH$ Ho$ {d{ZX}emZwgma V¶ H$a|&

� � �

77

¶{X ObamoYr CnMma R>rH$ go Zm {H$¶m Om¶o Vmo ¶h ~hþV {X³H$VXoVm h¡& CnMma H$m AZwajU Ed§ ‘aå‘V, ^dZ ‘| ahZo dmbm| Ho$ {b¶o~hþV H$ï>Xm¶r h¡, gmW hr gmW ‘±hJm ^r h¡&

3.1 g§S>mg ‘| Ob[agmd H$s ‘aå‘V :-

g§S>mg ‘| nmZr H$m Cn¶moJ H$m’$s hmoVm h¡& ^maVr¶ e¡br ¶m C‹S>rgmn°Q>Z© grQ> dmbo g§S>mg ‘| Ob[agmd H$s g§ mdZm Omo‹S>mo§ go Á¶mXm hmoVrh¡& g§S>mg grQ> d Q´>°n H$m Omo‹S>, Q´>¡n d {ZH$mg nmBn H$m Omo‹S> BË¶m{X goOb[agmd hmo gH$Vm h¡ & A³ga Ob[agmd H$s g‘ñ¶m ~hþ‘§{Ob^dZm| ‘o§ ^¶mdh hmo OmVr h¡& ZrMo H$s ‘§{Ob ‘| ahZo dmbm| Ho$ {b¶o ¶hEH$ Xþ:ñdßZ h¡&

‘aå‘V H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o Ohm± na Ob[agmd hmo ahm h¡, Cg ^mJ H$mo{ZpíMV H$a|& Ob[agmd Ho$ ‘m‘bo ‘| Oê$ar Zht {H$ Ohm± go nmZr{ZH$b ahm hmo Cgr Ho$ nmg go àdoe ^r H$a ahm hmo& OëX~mμOr ‘|Q>mBëg BË¶m{X H$mo Vmo‹S>Zo go ~M| Ed§ R>rH$ go gd}jU H$aZo Ho$ ~mX Ed§AZw dr ì¶{º$ H$s gbmh boZo Ho$ ~mX hr AmJo H$s H$m¶©dmhr {ZpíMV H$a|Ed§ {ZåZ àH$ma go ‘aå‘V H$s ¶moOZm ~Zm¶o§ :-

i) Á¶mXmVa Ob[agmd g§S>mg Ho$ ObamoYr CnMma go, nmZr Ho$nmBn d g§S>mg Ho$ nmBn Ho$ Omo‹S>mo§ go hmoVm h¡&

ii) g~go nhbo {Z‘m©U H$o g‘¶ bJm¶o J¶o {ZMbo {ZH$mg nmBn(25 {‘. ‘r.) H$s Om°§M H$ao§ Am¡a XoIo§ H$s dh R>rH $go H$m¶© H$aahm h¡ ¶m Zht& ¶{X ¶h nmBn ~§X h¡ Vmo EH$ g[a¶o H$s ghm¶Vmgo Cgo Imobm/gm’$ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& gm‘mÝ¶V: ¶{X Bg

AÜ`m` 3

ObamoYr CnMma H$m AZwajU Ed§ ‘aå‘V

78

nmBn go nmZr ~mha {ZH$b ahm h¡ Am¡a {Z‘m©U Ho$ g‘¶ ObamoYrßbmñQ>a R>rH$ go {H$¶m J¶m h¡ Vmo, ZrMo Ob[agmd Zht hmoJm&

iii) Q>mBb Ho$ ¶m AÝ¶ g^r Omo‹S>mo§ H$mo ImobH$a grb|Q> go â XoZogo g‘ñ¶m H$m’$s hX VH$ R>rH$ hmo Om¶oJr&

iv) grQ> Ho$ Q´>¡n ‘| A§Xa go hmW S>mbH$a Omo‹S> H$s Om±M H$a| Ed§ A§Xago Omo‹S> ‘| Mmam| Va’$ "E‘.grb' bJm¶|&

v) âbqeJ {gñQ>Z© Ho$ AmCQ>boQ> nmBn Ed§ g§S>mg grQ> Ho$ Omo‹S> H$moOm±MZo Ho$ {b¶o Ho$db Cg ñWmZ na ’$e© H$mo Vmo‹S>o§ Ed§ Omo‹S> H$sOm±M H$a|& Amdí¶H$VmZwgma Omo‹S> H$s "E‘.grb' go ‘aå‘VH$a|&

vi) ~mhar Xrdmb Vmo‹S> H$a I‹S>o nmBn Ed§ A§Xa go AmZodmbo nmBnH$m {‘bmZ (O§³eZ) Om±M H$a|& A§Xa H$s Va’$ Q>m°M© H$sghm¶Vm go Mmam| Va’$ go Omo‹S> H$mo Om±Mo Ed§ Amdí¶H$VmZwgma"E‘.grb' go ‘aå‘V H$a|&

Cn¶w©º$ ‘aå‘V H$aZo Ho$ ~mX ^r ¶{X Ob[agmd h¡ Vmo nmZr Ho$nmB©nm| H$mo CKm‹S> H$a Ob[agmd Ho$ {b¶o Om±M H$a§o Am¡aAmdí¶H$VmZwgma ‘aå‘V H$a|&

vii) BgHo$ ~mX r ¶{X Ob[agmd Zht ê$H$Vm Vmo nyao g§S>mg Ho$ ’$e©H$mo Vmo‹S>H$a g^r Omo‹S>m§o H$s ‘aå‘V H$a| Ed§ ObamoYr ßbmñQ>aH$mo Vmo‹S>H$a {’$a go gmdYmZr go H$a|&

gm‘mÝ¶V: D$na Ho$ àW‘ Mma MaUm| ‘| hr Ob[agmd éH$ OmVm h¡&

3.2 ñZmZKa H$s ‘aå‘V:-

‘aå‘V hoVw {ZåZ AZwH«$‘ AnZm¶|

i) ZhmZr Q´>°n Ed§ ñZmZKa Ho$ ’$e© Ho$ ~rM Ho$ ñWmZ H$s Om±M H$a|Am¡a Amdí¶H$VmZwgma "grb|Q'> go R>rH$ go âo§&

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ii) Q>mBëg Ho$ g^r Omo‹S>m§o H$mo ImobH$a {’$a go "grb|Q> go âo§&

iii) S´>oZ nmBn Am{X H$s Om±M H$a| Am¡a ¶{X Hw$N> AQ>H$m h¡ Vmo gm’$H$a|&

iv) ’$e© Ho$ ZrMo H$s g^r X~r hþB© nmBn bmBZm| H$s Om±M H$a|, O¡go{H$ dmedo{gZ H$m {ZH$mgr nmBn& nmBn bmBZm§o go Ob[agmdH$s Om±M H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o 5-6 {XZm| VH$ Cn¶moJ H$mo amoH|$ Am¡a {’$ago BñVo‘mb H$a| ¶{X Ob[agmd dmbr OJh nhbo gyIH$a {’$aJrbr hmo Om¶o Vmo [agmd BÝht nmBnm| go h¡&

v) nmBn bmBZm| H$mo ImoXH$a [agmd H$s OJh ‹Tz>±‹T>o Ed§ ‘aå‘V H$aZoHo$ {b¶o "E‘ grb' ¶m AÝ¶ grb|Q> H$m Cn¶moJ H$a|& ¶{X nmBnbmBZ ‘| Xama hmo Vmo nmBn H$mo ~Xb X|&

vi) g^r nmZr H$s X~r nmBn bmBZm| H$s Om±M H$a| Ed§ ¶{X Cº$CnMma Ho$ ~mX r Ob[agmd hmo Vmo gr‘|Q> J«mC>qQ>J H$s ì¶dñWmH$ao§&

vii) A§{V‘ Cnm¶ ‘| nyao H$m¶© H$mo Vmo‹S>| d {’$a go gmdYmZr nyaH$ObamoYr CnMma H$a|&

3.3 N>V H$s ‘aå‘V :-

nyar N>V H$m R>rH$ go AdbmoH$Z H$ao§ ¶[X Xama| h¡ Vmo CZ na{ZemZ bJm¶|& AdbmoH$Z H$aZo go nhbo N>V H$s R>rH$ go g’$mB© H$a|&¶{X Wmo‹S>o go ñWmZ ‘| Ob[agmd h¡ Vmo {ZåZ VarH$m AnZm¶§o :-

i) dfm©Ob nmBnm| H$m {ZarjU H$a| Ed§ CÝh| gm’$ H$aZo H$sì¶dñWm H$ao§& ‘whmZm| na ¶{X {H$gr àH$ma H$s Xama h¡ Vmo‘aå‘V H$a|& nmBn Ho$ Omo‹S> XoIo§ Ed§ Amdí¶H$VmZwgma grb|Q>bJm¶|& Qy>Q>o Ed§ MQ>Ho$ nmBnm| H$mo ~Xb X|&

ii) IanVdma (doOrQ>oeZ) ¶{X CJ ahm hmo Vmo Cgo hQ>m¶|&

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iii) Xamam| H$mo 8 go 10 {‘. ‘r. ‘moQ>mB© ‘| "dr' AmH$ma ‘| H$mQ>|& BgJ«yd H$s g’$mB© H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o Vma Ho$ ~«e Ed§ H§$àoíS> hdm H$mBñVo‘mb H$a|&

iv) Xamam| H$mo aZo Ho$ {b¶o grb|Q> H$m BñVo‘mb H$a|& gr‘|Q> AmYm[aVEd§ nmZr ‘| KwbZerb grb|Q> Ho$ gmW gmdYmZr ~aV| Am¡a»¶mb aI| H$s Bg Vah Ho$ grb|Q> "qe«Ho$O ày’$' hmo&

v) AÝ¶ OJhm| na bH$‹S>r H$s Wßnr go Om±M H$ao {H$ nwamZmObamoYr CnMma N>V na go CI‹S>m Vmo Zht h¡& ¶{X CI‹S>m h¡Vmo Cgo nyar Vah go hQ>m H$a {’$a go CnMma H$a|&

vi) noam{nQ> Ho$ D$na go ¶{X Ob[agmd hmo ahm h¡ Vmo, CgHo$ D$naAma. gr. gr. H$s H$moqnJ ~Zm¶o§ Ed§ Cg‘| Cna ~mha H$s Va’$‹T>mb aI|& Eogr H$moqnJ H$mo Xrdmb go H$‘ go H$‘ 75 {‘. ‘r.XmoZm| Va’$ ~mha {ZH$mb| Ed§ {S´>n H$mog© ^r ~Zm¶|&

vii) noam{nQ> d N>V Ho$ Omo‹S> na {’$boQ> H$m {ZarjU H$a| Am¡a {H$gr^r j{V H$s ‘aå‘V H$a|&

viii) N>V na ¶{X Q>mBëg bJr h¢ Vmo CZHo$ Omo‹S>m| H$m {ZarjU H$a|Am¡a Amdí¶H$VmZwgma Omo‹S>m§o H$mo ImobH$a grb|Q> go â|&

D$na go g^r H$X‘ CR>mZo Ho$ ~mX r ¶{X nwamZr N>Vm| go Ob[agmdZht ê$H$Vm h¡ Vmo nyao nwamZo CnMma H$s {ZH$mb| Ed§ Xamam| H$mo âZo Ho$~mX Z¶o ObamoYr CnMma H$m àmdYmZ H$a|& nwamZr N>Vm| na ¶{X Cn¶wº$‹T>mb Zm hmo Vmo g~go nhbo BgH$s ì¶dñWm H$a|, ³¶m|{H$ ~J¡a Cn¶wº$‹T>mb Ho$ H$moB© ^r ObamoYr CnMma H$maJa Zht hmoJm&

nwamZo ObamoYr CnMma ¶m nwamZo dZm| H$s ‘aå‘V Ho$ {b¶o Ohm± VH$g§ d hmo AZw dr Ed§ H$m¶©Hw$eb ì¶{º$¶m| H$s godm boZr Mm{h¶o& AmOH$b~mOma ‘| ~hþV go ì¶mdgm{¶H$ godmXmVm CnbãY h¢ Omo {H$ Jma§Q>r Ho$gmW ‘aå‘V H$m H$m¶© H$aVo h¢, Eogo godmXmVmAm§o H$mo ~‹T>mdm XoZm Mm{h¶o&

� � �

81

{dJV ‘o§ {H$¶o g’$b H$m¶m] H$m AÜ¶¶Z h‘| AmJo H$m¶© H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o‘mJ©Xe©Z H$aVm h¡& Bg AÜ¶m¶ ‘| Hw$N> MwZo hþ¶o ‘m‘bmo§ H$m {ddaU {X¶mJ¶m h¡&

4.1 ‘m‘bm H«$. 1 :-

BargoZ nwUo Ho$ hm°ñQ>b ‘| pñWV ^moOZJ¥h H$m ObamoYr CnMma :-

BargoZ hm°ñQ>b EH$ VrZ ‘§{Obm B‘maV h¡& Bgo 1975 ‘| ~Zm¶m J¶mWm& Bg B‘maV ‘| H$B© dfm] go Ob[agmd H$s g‘ñ¶m ahr h¡ Ed§ nyd© ‘|{H$¶o J¶o CnMmam| H$m Ano[jV n[aUm‘ Zht {‘bm h¡& Bg B‘maV ‘|‘w»¶V: {ZåZ ñWmZm| na Ob[agmd H$s g‘ñ¶m A{YH$ Wr :-

i) ^moOZJ¥h ‘|, ~rM H$s ~r‘ Ho$ nmg {dñVma Omo‹S>, agmoB©Ka H$sVa’$, {I‹S>H$s Ho$ N>ÁOm| Ed§ Xrdmbm§o go [agmd H$s ‘mÌm A{YH$Wr&

ii) ~mha H$s J°bar ‘| ^r g‘ñ¶m Wr&

^moOZJ¥h H$m CnMma :-

g‘¶-g‘¶ na {H$¶o J¶o nwamZo g^r ObamoYr CnMmam| H$mo nyarVah go hQ>m¶m J¶m& AmíM¶© H$s ~mV Wr H$s BZ CnMmam| H$s Hw$b‘moQ>mB© 200 go 250 {‘. ‘r. VH$ Om nhþ±Mr Wr Am¡a Á¶mXm dOZ (AmodadS>©Z) hmo OmZo go ^r g‘ñ¶m ~‹T>Vr Om ahr Wr& CnMma hQ>mZo Ho$ ~mXg^r OJh H$s R>rH$ go g’$mB© H$s JB© Ed§ nm¶m {H$ :-

i) ~‹S>r-~‹S>r Xamao§ N>V ‘| h¢¡ Omo {H$ ñbo~ H$s "[aO bmBZ' naÁ¶mXm h¢&

AÜ`m` 4

‘m‘bm| H$m AÜ¶¶Z (Ho$g ñQ>S>rμO)

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ii) N>moQ>r AÝ¶ Xama| ^r A{Z¶{‘V én go h¢&

iii) {I‹S>{H$¶m| Ho$ N>ÁOm| Ho$ D$na ßbmñQ>a ‘| ~‹S>r Xamao§ h¢&

iv) N>V ‘| ‹T>mb n¶m©á (1:30) h¡&

v) dfm©Ob nmBn 3.5 ‘r. Xÿar na bJo h¢, Omo Cn¶wº$ h¡&

{MÌ H«$ 4.1

83

{MÌ H«$ 4.2

Cº$ {ZarjU Ho$ ~mX {ZU©¶ {b¶m J¶m H$s N>V H$m CnMma"nmbr‘a ¶wº$ gr‘|{Q>¶g ¶m¡{JH$' go {H$¶m Om¶oJm&

CnMma H$mo {ZåZ ^mJm| ‘| ~m±Q>m J¶m :-

i) Xamam| H$m CnMma

ii) noam{nQ> (H$‘ C±MmB© H$s) H$m CnMma

iii) N>V H$s gVh H$m CnMma

iv) "{~«H$ ~¡Q>' H$mo~m

v) {dñVma Omo‹S>> H$m CnMma

i) Xamamo§ H$m CnMma :-

g^r N>moQ>r-~‹S>r Xamam| H$mo "dr' AmH$ma ‘| Imobm J¶m& ImobZo Ho$~mX CZH$s Vma Ho$ ~«e Ed§ nmZr H$s VoOYma go g’$mB© H$s JB©& BZXamam| ‘| gr‘|Q> ñbar (n|Q> H$pÝggQ>|gr) {Og‘o§ 0.5% "Eo³do³g-5'{‘bm¶m J¶m Wm, H$mo ~«e go R>rH$ go A§Xa VH$ g^r Va’$ bJm¶m J¶m&

84

BgHo$ ~mX gr‘|Q> d aoV ‘gmbo ‘| 6% "E³do³g -5' {‘bmH$a (noñQ>H§$pñgQ>|gr) R>rH$ go bmoho H$s nÎmr H$s ghm¶Vm go Xamam| ‘| âm J¶m&

{MÌ H«$ 4.3

85

noam{nQ> H$m CnMma :-

noam{nQ> Ho$ nwamZo ßbmñQ>a H$mo nyar Vah {ZH$mbm J¶m& BªQ>H$m¶© Ho$‹T>rbo ‘gmbo H$mo {ZH$mb H$a Z¶m ‘gmbm (gr‘|Q> d aoV 1:4) âm J¶mOmo‹S>m§o H$mo âZo Ho$ ~mX gr‘|Q> ñbar ‘| 0.5% "E³do³g -5' {‘bmH$a(n|Q> H§${gñQ>|gr), ~«e go g^r Va’$ noam{nQ> na bJm¶m J¶m& nyarnooam{nQ> H$mo EH$ gmW gr‘|Q> d aoV (1:3) Ho$ ‘gmbo ‘o§ 0.5% "E³do³g-5' {‘bmH$a ßbmñQ>a {H$¶m J¶m& noam{nQ> d ñbo~ Ho$ Omo‹S> ‘§o ~Zo {’$boQ>H$m CnMma H$a Cg na ^r ßbmñQ>a {H$¶m J¶m &

N>V H$s gVh H$m CnMma :-

N>V H$s gVh H$s R>rH$ go g’$mB© Ho$ ~mX Xmo naVm| ‘| "nm°br‘a‘m°S>r’$mBS> gr‘|{Q>¶g' CnMma {H$¶m J¶m& nhbr naV ‘| nVbr gr‘|Q>ñbar ‘| 6% "E³do³g-5' {‘bmH$a (n|Q> H§${gñQ>|gr) ~«e go g^rgVhm| na bJm¶m J¶m& nhbr naV bJmZo Ho$ AJbo {XZ Xÿgar naV ‘|Jm‹T>r gr‘|Q> ñbar 6% "E³do³g-5' Ho$ gmW bJmB© JB©&

{~«H$~¡Q> H$mo~m :-

{~«H$~¡Q> H$mo~m H$mo Xmo ~ma ‘| bJm¶m J¶m& nhbr ~ma ‘| gr‘|Q>-aoV(1:5) Ho$ ‘gmbo ‘| 0.5% "E³do³g-5' {‘bmH$a, Bgo 25 {‘. ‘r.‘moQ>mB© ‘| {~N>mH$a "{~«H$-~¡Q>' (BªQ> Ho$ AmYo d nm°d Qw>H$‹S>o) H$mo Omo‹S>H$mQ>H$a {~N>m¶m J¶m& nhbr ~ma ‘| BªQ> Ho$ Omo‹S> AmYr JhamB© VH$ âoJ¶oo& Bg naV H$s Xmo {XZ VamB© H$aZo Ho$ ~mX D$na go gr‘|Q>-aoV Ho$‘gmbo (1:4) 0.5% "E³do³g-5' {‘bmH$a ~mH$s Omo‹S>mo§ H$mo am J¶m Ed§EH$ gmW D$nar ßbmñQ>a 25 go 40 {‘. ‘r. ‘moQ>mB© ‘| {H$¶m J¶m& BgßbmñQ>a ‘| 450 x 450 {‘. ‘r. ‘mn Ho$ Mm¡H$moa XmJ añgr H$s ghm¶Vmgo ~Zm¶o J¶o &

86

87

88

{MÌ H«$ 4.4

{dñVma Omo‹S> H$m CnMma :-

{dñVma Omo‹S> Ho$ D$na go nwamZm CnMma nyar Vah go hQ>m¶m J¶m&Omo‹S> Ho$ Qy>Q>o hþ¶o {H$Zmam| H$mo gr‘|Q> d aoV Ho$ ‘gmbo (1:4, 0.5%"E³do³g -5' Ho$ gmW) go ZB© Yma| ~Zm¶r JBª& Omo‹S> Ho$ ~rM Ho$ ñWmZna "{hQ>bm°Z' erQ> H$mo D$na go 12 {‘. ‘r. ZrMo bJm¶m J¶m& D$nar 12{‘. ‘r. ñWmZ H$mo "nm°brgë’$mB©S>' grb|Q> go âm J¶m& grb|Q> âZo Ho$nhbo g^r Va’$ àmB‘a H$mo bJm¶m J¶m& nm°brgë’$mBS> grb|Q> 4 go 6hßVo ‘| nyar Vah V¡¶ma hmo OmVm h¡& ¶h EH$ bMrbm ObamoYr nXmW©h¡& D$nar gVh na go EH$ naV nm°br‘a ‘m°S>r’$mBS> {~Qw>{‘Zg ’o$ëQ>bJm¶m J¶m&

89

{MÌ H«$ 4.7

90

{MÌ H«$ 4.8

91

dfm©Ob nmBnm| H$m CnMma : -

dfm©Ob nmBnm| Ho$ ‘whmZm| H$m nm°br‘a ‘m°S>r’$mBS> gr‘|Q> ñbar goCnMma {H$¶m J¶m&

Cº$ CnMma hmoZo Ho$ ~mX nyar N>V na 21 {XZm| VH$ nmZr âH$aVamB© H$s JB© Ed§ Ob[agmd H$s Om±M H$s JB©&

{MÌ H«$ 4.9

92

4.2 ‘m‘bm g§»¶m - 2 :-

XþJm©nwa Ho$‘rH$b {b. H$s Amdmgr¶ H$m°bmoZr H$m ObamoYr CnMma :-

XþJm©nwa Ho$‘rH$b {b. H$s H$m°bmoZr ‘| 400 go Á¶mXm Amdmg h¢&Á¶mXmVa Amdmgm| ‘| N>V d noamnoQ> go Ob[agmd H$s g‘ñ¶m Wr&ewéAmV ‘| nr. dr. gr. ‘oå~«oZ go CnMma {H$¶m J¶m Wm bo{H$Z ~mX ‘|Cgo §Jwa Ed§ nmZr go âm hþAm nm¶m J¶m, AV: N>Vm| H$m nyar Vah {’$ago ObamoYr CnMma H$aZo H$m {ZU©¶ {b¶m J¶m& {ZåZ MaUm| ‘| Z¶mH$m¶© {H$¶m J¶m:-

� nwamZo CnMma H$mo nyar Vah go {ZH$mbm J¶m&

� N>V H$s g’$mB© H$aZo Ho$ ~mX g^r Xamam| H$mo nm°br‘a ‘m°S>r’$mBS>gr‘|Q> Ho$ ‘gmbo go âm J¶m&

� N>V na Cn¶wº$ ‹T>mb XoZo Ho$ {b¶o A{V[aº$ H§$H«$sQ> H$s naVS>mbr JB©&

� H§$H«$sQ> Ho$ D$na {’$a go "nm°br‘a ‘mo{S>’$mBS>' gr‘|Q> ñbar H$sXmo naV bJmB© J¶t&

� 7 {XZm| VH$ VamB© H$aZo Ho$ ~mX E. nr. nr. ‘oå~«oZ go CnMmaH$aZo Ho$ {b¶o àmB‘a bJm¶m J¶m&

� 3 {‘. ‘r. ‘moQ>o E. nr. nr. ‘oå~«oZ go N>V Ed§ noamnoQ> na EH$ gmWCËnmXH$ Ho$ {d{ZX}emZwgma H$m¶© {H$¶m J¶m&

4.5 ‘m‘bm g§»¶m - 3 :

S>m~a B§{S>¶m {b. Jm{O¶m~mX ‘| nm°br‘a ‘m°S>r’$mBS> {~Qw>{‘ZgH$moqQ>J go ObamoYr CnMma :-

S>m~a B§{S>¶m {b. H$m gm{h~m~mX B§S>pñQ´>¶b E[a¶m ‘| pñWV H$maImZmEd§ AZwg§YmZ Ho$ÝÐ H$s N>V go Ob[agmd H$s ^rfU g‘ñ¶m Wr& N>VH$m joÌ’$b bJ^J 24,000 dJ© ‘r. h¡& {ZarjU ‘| nm¶m J¶m {H$

93

Ob[agmd H$m ‘w»¶ H$maU dV©‘mZ CnMma H$s {d’$bVm h¡& nwamZmCnMma Q>ma> ’o$ëQ> Ho$ Ûmam {H$¶m J¶m Wm& Omo g‘¶ Ho$ gmW §Jwa hmoJ¶m Wm Am¡a {d{^Þ naVm| Ho$ ~rM nmZr Ho$ O‘md Ho$ H$maU Ob[agmdH$mo ~‹T>mdm {‘b ahm Wm&

Bg ‘m‘bo ‘| nm°br‘a ‘m°{S>’$mBS> {~Qw>{‘Zg B‘ëeZ H$moqQ>J H$mCn¶moJ 2010 ‘| {H$¶m J¶m Am¡a Bg g‘¶ VH$ CnMma ‘| {H$gr ^ràH$ma H$s g‘ñ¶m Zht Am¶r h¡&

OJh H$m gd}jU :-

Á¶mXma CÚmoJm§o Ho$ ^dZ ‘| N>V Ho$ D$na H$m’$s AÝ¶ ‘erZ| O¡go {H$dmVmZwHw$bZ, Hy$qbJ Q>m°da Ed§ Ho$~ëg d AÝ¶ gm‘J«r bJr hmoVr h¢& BZg~ Ho$ H$maU N>V na H$m’$s AdamoY hmoVo h¢& N>V na H$m’$s nmBn bmBZN>V Ho$ D$na hr aIr Wt, Omo {H$ Ob dhmd ‘| ê$H$mdQ> Wr& My±{H$ N>Vna H$m’$s AdamoY Wo {Oggo "{n«’o${~«Ho$Q>oS> ‘oå~«oZ' H$m Cn¶moJ g§ dZht Wm, AV: "nm°br‘a ‘mo{S>’$mBS> {~Qw>{‘Zg B‘ëeZ' (Vab nXmW©)go CnMma H$aZo H$m {ZU©¶ {b¶m J¶m& Eogo ~hwV go ñWmZ Wo Ohm± nwamZmCnMma nyar Vah go Zï> hmo J¶m Wm, AV: Z¶o CnMma Ho$ nhbo nwamZoCnMma H$mo nyar Vah {ZH$mbm J¶m&

94

N>V Ho$ Cna AdamoY{MÌ H«$ 4.10

95

N>V go {ZH$bo nmB©n BË¶m{X{MÌ H«$ 4.11

N>V ‘o§ Xamao§{MÌ H«$ 4.12

96

nwamZo CnMma H$mo {ZH$mbZm{MÌ H«$ 4.13

97

n°amnoQ> Ed§ N>V na Z¶m CnMma{MÌ H«$ 4.14

98

� Z¶m CnMma :- nwamZo CnMma H$mo {ZH$mbZo Ho$ ~mX N>V H$moAÀN>r Vah go gm’$ {H$¶m J¶m Am¡a N>V H$s N>moQ>r ¶m ~‹S>rXamam| H$mo Imob H$a "dr' AmH$ma ‘| H$mQ>m J¶m& BZ Xamam| ‘|"nm°br‘o[aH$ H«o$H$ q’${bJ H§$nmCÝS>' Ed§ Eg. ~r. Ama. AmYm[aV"nm°br‘a ‘m°{S>’$mBS> ‘m°Q>©a" go âm J¶m&

� noamnoQ> Ho$ D$na go ^r Q>ma ’o$ëQ> H$mo hQ>m¶m J¶m Ed§ Ohm±ßbmñQ>a H$s AdñWm R>rH$ Zht Wr, Cgo {ZH$mb H$a gr‘|Q> daoV (1:4) Ho$ ‘gmbo ‘| A{d^mÁ¶ ObamoYr ¶m¡{JH$ {‘bmH$a,ßbmñQ>a {H$¶m J¶m& {’${ZíS> ßbmñQ>a Ho$ D$na "nm°br‘a‘m°{S>’$mBS>' gr‘|Q> ñbar H$m H$moQ> {H$¶m J¶m& noam{nQ> d N>VHo$ Omo‹S>, H$m°b‘ d N>V Ho$ Omo‹S> Ho$ ñWmZm| na "{’$boQ>' ~Zm¶mJ¶m Ed§ CgH$mo ^r ObamoYr gr‘|Q> ñbar go CnMm[aV {H$¶mJ¶m&

� g^r OJh H$s ‘aå‘V Ho$ ~mX N>V H$s {’$a go g’$mB© H$s JB©{Oggo Yyb Am{X Ho$ H$U Zm ah|| g’$mB© Ho$ ~mX àmB‘a H$moQ>bJm¶m J¶m&

� àmB‘a Ho$ nyar Vah gwIZo Ho$ ~mX "nm°br‘a ‘m°{S>’$mBS>BbmñQ>mo‘o[aH$ {~Qw>{‘Zg H$moqQ>J' H$mo Mma naVm| ‘| bJm¶m J¶m&

� nhbr naV ~«e go bJmB© J¶r Ed§ nyar Vah gyIZo Ho$ ~mX Cgna "’$mB~a‘oe' H$mo ‘O~yVr ~‹T>mZo Ho$ {b¶o {~N>m¶m J¶m& BgHo$D$na Xÿgar naV ^r ~«e go bJmB© JB©&

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3. ’§$Jg H$m ’¡$bmd,

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AÜ`m` 6

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121

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CnMma -

1. ~mhar gVh H$mo gm’$ H$a {’$a go ßbmñQ>a H$a|& gr‘|Q> d aoV(1:4) ‘| A{d^mÁ¶ ObamoYr ¶m¡{JH$ {‘bm¶|&

2. S>r.nr.gr. Ho$ ñVa na J«mD$qQ>J H$a|&3. pßb¨W àmoQ>o³eZ Ho$ {b¶o gr. gr. EàZ ~Zm¶|&4. à^m{dV joÌ ‘| {H«$ñQ>bmB©Z ObamoYr Kmob ^r bJm gH$Vo h¢&

II. g‘ñ¶m - ha ‘m¡g‘ ‘| EH$ hr OJh go nmZr Q>nH$Zm

H$maU -

1. ßb§q~J ‘| [agmd hmoZm&

2. g§S>mg ¶m ñZmZJ¥h go [agmd

3. nmZr H$s Q>§H$s go [agmd

CnMma -

1. Ob [agmd Ho$ H$maU H$m {ZarjU H$a|&

2. ¶{X ~mha go R>rH$ hmo gH$Vm hmo Vmo R>rH$ H$a|&

3. g§S>mg ¶m ñZmZJ¥h H$s Q>mBëg Ho$ Omo‹S>mo§ H$mo grb|Q> go {’$a goâ|& nmBnm| Ho$ Omo‹S> H$m {ZarjU H$a|&

4. X~r hþB© nmZr H$s nmBnm| H$m {ZarjU H$a|&

5. nmZr H$s Q>§H$s ‘| A§Xa go ObamoYr ßbmñQ>a ¶m ñbar bJm¶|&

6. {H«$ñQ>bmB©Z ObamoYr Kmob XmoZm| Va’$ go bJm¶|&

122

III. g‘ñ¶m - {Z‘m©U Ho$ Hw$N> gmbmo§ VH$ ~hþV gmar OJhm| na"gmëQ> Eâbmoaog|g' d ’§$Jg H$m Z‘r Ho$ H$maU nm¶m OmZm&

H$maU -

1. dmVmdaU ‘| Z‘r H$s A{YH$Vm

2. {Z‘m©U H$s Z‘r H$m Zm gyIZm

3. ~mhar Xrdmbm| Ho$ ßbmñQ>a H$m {N>{Ðb (nmoag) hmoZm&

CnMma -

1. Ja‘r Ho$ {XZmo§ ‘| O~ Z‘r H$‘ hmo ~mha go ObamoYr n|Q> H$a|&

2. ¶{X Xamao§ hmo Vmo n|Q> H$aZo go nhbo CÝh| grb|Q> go â X|&

3. "E§Q>r ’§$Jb'Ed§ ObamoYr n|Q> H$m MwZmd H$a|&

IV. g‘ñ¶m- R>ÊS> Ho$ {XZm| ‘| Jrbo ñWmZm| go bJr Xrdmbm| ‘| Z‘rEd§ ’§$Jg, gmëQ> Eâbmoaog§og Ho$ gmW ¶m {~Zm&

H$maU -

1. dmVmadaU ‘o Z‘r H$s A{YH$Vm&

2. AMmZH$ Obdm¶w n[adV©Z&

CnMma -

1. Jrbo ñWmZm| Ho$ nmg H$s Xrdmbm| na ObamoYr n|Q> bJm¶o§&

2. {H«$ñQ>bmB©Z ObamoYr Kmob ^r bJm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&

3. ~mhar Xrdmam| na ObamoYr n|Q> H$a|&

V. g‘ñ¶m- dfm©H$mb ‘| Xrdmbm| ‘| EH$ ñWmZ go nmZr H$s ~y±XoQ>nH$Zm&

123

H$maU -

1. ~mhar Xrdmbm| Ho$ ßbmñQ>a ‘| Xama|&

2. Ama.gr. gr. Ed§ BªQ>H$m¶© Ho$ ~rM Xama|&

CnMma-

1. ~mhar gVh H$m {ZarjU H$a Xamam| H$mo grb|Q> go â|&

2. ~mha go ObamoYr n|Q> H$a|&

3. "ñHo$’$mopëS>¨J Ho$ {b¶o N>mo‹S>o J¶o N>oXm| (S>o~ hmob) H$m {ZarjU H$a|Ed§ ¶{X BªQ> Ho$ gmW ‘gmbo H$s H$‘r hmo Vmo R>rH$ H$a|&

4. n|Q> Ho$ nhbo ObamoYr ñbar ^r bJm gH$Vo h¡&

VI. g‘ñ¶m- ~og‘|Q> Ho$ ’$e© Ed§ Xrdmbm| ‘| Z‘r&

H$maU -

1. ~mhar ObamoYr CnMma à^mdr Zm hmoZm&

CnMma -

1. ¶{X g§ d h¡ Vmo ~mha go ObamoYr CnMma H$mo R>rH$ H$a|& ¶hgm‘mÝ¶V: g§ d Zht hmoVm&

2. A§Xa go {H«$ñQ>mbmB©Z ObamoYr Kmob bJm¶|&

3. ^rVa go ObamoYr ßbmñQ>a H$aHo$ nm°br‘a AmYm[aV ñbar H$mobJm¶§o&

4. ’$e© Ho$ D$na 10 go 15 {‘.‘r. nm°br‘a/nm°br¶yao{WZ/Bnm°³grAmYm[aV naV bJm¶§o&

VII. g‘ñ¶m - noam{nQ> Ed§ N>V Ho$ Omo‹S> go dfm©H$mb ‘| Ob[agmd&

124

H$maU -

1. Omo‹S> na R>rH$ go {’$boQ> Zm ~ZmZm&

2. ObamoYr CnMma EH$ gmW Zm hmoZo Ho$ H$maU à^mdr Zm hmoZm&

CnMma -

1. D$nar gVh na ObamoYr ñbar bJm¶| BgHo$ nhbo ¶{X Xama|{XIVr hm§o Vmo CÝh| grb|Q> go âo&

2. D$na go {~Qw>{‘Zg ‘oå~«oZ go CnMma H$a|&

3. ¶{X {’$a ^r Ob [agmd hmo Vmo nwamZm H$m¶© Vmo‹S>H$a gmdYmZr go{’$a go H$a|&

VIII. g‘ñ¶m -

1. nmBn Ed§ Xrdmbm| Ho$ Omo‹S>mo§ go [agmd

2. ZhmZr Q´>on go [agmd

H$maU -

1. nmBn Ho$ Mmam| Va’$ Imbr ñWmZ&

CnMma -

1. nmBn Ho$ Mmam| Va’$ ~mha d ^rVa go grb|Q> bJm¶|, ¶{X [agmdR>rH$ Zm hmo Vmo,

2. Mmam| Va’$ H$m BªQ>H$m¶© ¶m H§$H«$sQ> H$mo Vmo‹S>H$a "goë’$ âbmoB§J E§S>Zm°Z qe«H$' ‘moQ>©a go â|& ~mhar d ^rVar ‘whmZo grb|Q> go â|&

IX. g‘ñ¶m - {I‹S>H$s H$s {gb go [agmd

H$maU -

1. {gb ñQ>moZ d BªQ>H$m¶© ¶m {I‹S>H$s Ho$ ’«o$‘ Ho$ ~rM ‘| Imbr ñWmZ

125

CnMma -

1. "{gbñQ>moZ' Ho$ ZrMo d BªQ>H$m¶© Ho$ ~rM grb|Q> bJm¶|&

2. "{gbñQ>moZ' d {I‹S>H$s Ho$ ’«o$‘ Ho$ ~rM Ho$ ñWmZ ‘| "{g{bH$m°Zgrb|Q>' H$mo "JZ EßbrHo$Q>a' go X~md Ho$ gmW âo§&

X. g‘ñ¶m - {b§Q>b ~r‘ Ed§ D$na Ho$ BªQ>H$m¶© Ho$ ~rM go Ob[agmd

H$maU -

Omo‹S> Ho$ ñWmZ na Xama|

CnMma -

1. Xamam| H$mo grb|Q> go âo§ Ed§ D$na go ObamoYr ñbar H$mo bJm¶§o&2. Á¶mXm g‘ñ¶m hmo Vmo ßbmñQ>a H$mo {ZH$mbH$a, BªQ> Ho$ Omo‹S>m§o ‘|

gr‘|Q> d aoV (1:4) Ho$ ‘gmbo H$mo â§o, Omo‹S> na "{MH$Z ‘oe' H$sXmo naV| H$sbm| go R>moH$H$a ßbmñQ>a H$a|&

XI. g‘ñ¶m - N>V Ho$ R>rH$ ZrMo BªQ>H$m¶© go Ob[agmd

H$maU -

1. N>V H$s ñb¡~ Ho$ gnmoQ>© go D$na CR> OmZo Ho$ H$maU ZrMo XamaAm OmVr h¡&

CnMma -

1. Xamam| ‘| grb|Q> â|

2. N>V Ho$ àmoOo³eZ Ho$ ZrMo nmZr nÅ>r ({S´>n H$mog©) H$s Om±M H$ao§Am¡a OéaV hmo Vmo {’$a go ~Zm¶|&

3. {Z‘m©U Ho$ g‘¶ ñb¡~ H$mo Xrdmb H$s nyar Mm¡‹S>mB© ‘| Zm aI| ¶m{’$a 300 go 400 {‘. ‘r. ~mha {ZH$mb|&

Cn¶wº$ gwPmdm| Ho$ AZwgma H$m¶© g§nmXZ hoVw AZw dr bmoJm| H$sgbmh bo Ed§ gm‘J«r H$m MwZmd CËnmXH$ Ho$ {ZX}em| Ho$ {hgm~ go H$a|&

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126

g§»¶m AmB© Eg H$moS> {ddaU

1. IS : 1322 : 1993 Obga Ed§ Z‘ga ~ZmZo hoVw {~Qw>‘oZZ‘am-{d[eï> dm°Q>a àyq’$J Ed§ S>|n àyq’$JhoVw {~Qw>‘oZ ’o$ëQ> Ho$ ñno{g{’$Ho$eZ

2. IS : 1346 : 1991 N>V Ho$ {b¶o {~Qw>‘oZ Z‘Xm| dmbo ObghH$maH$ H$s ar{V g§{hVm (N>V Ho$ObamoYr CnMma hoVw {~Qw>‘oZ ’o$ëQ> bJmZoH$s {d{Y)

3. IS : 1580 : 1991 ObghH$maH$ Ed§ g§{Y à¶moOZm| Ho${b¶o {~Qw>‘oZ {d{eï> ObamoYr Ed§Omo‹S>m| H$mo ~§X H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o {~Qw>‘oZHo$ ñno{g{’$Ho$eZ

4. IS : 2115 : 1980 grYr N>Vm| Ho$ {b¶o ‘S>’w$ñH$m H$s {d{Y(âboQ> én {’${Ze H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o‘S>’w$ñH$m H$moS> Am°’$ àop³Q>g)

5. IS : 2527 :1984 N>V Ho$ dfm©Ob hoVw nmBn Ed§ JQ>a bJmZoH$s {dY (H$moS> Am°’$ àop³Q>g ’$m°a{’$p³gJ aoZdmQ>a JQ>a E§S> S>mCZ nmBßg’$m°a é’$ S´>oZoO)

6. IS : 2645 : 1975 A{d^mÁ¶ ObamoYr ¶m¡{JH$ Ho$ {b¶oñno{g{’$Ho$eZ (ñno{g{’$Ho$eZ ’$m°aB§{Q>Jab gr‘|Q> dmQ>aàyq’$J H§$nmC§S>)

g§X^©

127

7. IS : 3036: 1992 Obgh N>V H$s {’${Ze Ho$ {b¶o MyZmH§$H«$sQ> {dÝ¶mg - ar{V g§{hVm (boBªJbmB‘ H§$H«$sQ> ’$m°a dmQ>aày’$ é’$ {’${Ze- H$moS> Am°’$ àop³Q>g)

8. IS : 3037: 1988 N>V Ho$ ObamoYr CnMma ‘| à¶wº${~Qw>‘oZ ‘opñQ>H$ Ho$ ñno{g{’$Ho$eZ(ñno{g{’$Ho$eZ ’$m°a {~Qw>‘oZ ‘opñQ>H$’$m°a ¶yO BZ dmQ>a àyq’$J é’²$g)

9. IS : 3067 : 1988 S>|n àyq’$J Ed§ dZ Ho$ ObamoYr CnMmagm‘mÝ¶ {S>OmBZ {ddaU Ed§ V¡¶mar Ho$H$m¶© H$s ar{V g§{hVm

(H$moS> Am°’$ àopñQ>g ’$m°a OZab {S>OmBZ{S>Q>ob²g E§d {ànoQ>ar dH©$ ’$m°a S>|n àyq’$JAm°’$ {~pëS>¨J)

10. IS : 4365 : 1967 N>Vm| Ho$ ObamoYr CnMma Ho$ {bE ‘opñQ>H${~Qw>‘oZ bJmZo H$s ar{V g§{hVm&

(H$moS> Am°’$ àop³Q>g ’$m°a EßbrHo$eZAm°’$ {~Qw>‘oZ ‘opñQ>H$ ’$m°a dmQ>a àyq’$JAm°’$ éâg)

11. IS : 2645 : 1999 ñno{g{’$Ho$eZ ’$m°a B§{Q>Jab gr‘|Q> dmQ>aàyq’$J H§$nm§D$S> (gr‘|Q> Ho$ {b¶oA{d^mÁ¶ ObamoYr ¶m¡{JH$ {d{ZX}e)

12. IS : 7290 [aH$‘§S>oe§g ’$m°a ¶yO Am°’$nm°br{WbrZ {’$ë‘ ’$moa> dmQ>a àyq’$J


128

Am°’$ é’$ (N>V Ho$ ObamoYr CnMmahoVw nm°br{WbrZ {’$ë‘ Ho$ Cn¶moJhoVw AZwe§fm¶o)

13. IS : 73-2013 ñno[e{’$Ho$eZ ’$m°a noqdJ {~Qw>‘oZ (noqdJ{~Qw>‘oZ Ho$ {d{eï>)

14. IS : 2508 : 1984 ñno{e{’$Ho$eZ ’$m°a bmo S>|pÝg[Q>nm°brWrZ {’$ë‘²g (H$‘ KZËd H$snm°brWrZ {’$ë‘ Ho$ {d{eîQ>)

15. IS : 2690 - 1997 ~ÝQ>>©³bo âboQ> Q>oaoqgJ Q>mBëg-

nmQ>© -1, nmQ>© -2 ñno{e{’$Ho$eZ nmQ>© -1 ‘erZ ‘oS>, nmQ>©- 2 hoÝS> ‘oS> (n³H$s {‘Å>r H$s MnQ>rQ>oaog Q>mBëg-{d{eï> ^mJ 1 ‘erZ{Z{‘©V, ^mJ - 2 hñV {Z{‘©V)

16. IS : 3384 : 1986 ñno{e{’$Ho$eZ ’$m°a {~Qw>‘oZ àmB‘a ’$m°a¶yO BZ dmQ>aàyq’$J E§d S>|n àyq’$J(ObamoYr Ed§ Z‘ramoYr CnMma ‘|à¶w³V {~Qw>‘oZ àmB‘a Ho$ {d{eï>)

17. IS : 4911 : 1968 ½bm°gar Am°’$ Q>‘©²g [aboQ>oS> Qw> {~Qw>{‘ZgdmQ>aàyq’$J Ed§ S>|n àyq’$J Am°’$(^dZm| ‘| {~Qw>{‘Z AmYm[aV ObamoYrd ObamoYr CnMma go g§~§{YVnm[a^m{fH$ eãXmdbr)

18. IS : 7193 : 1974 ½bmg ’$mB~a AmYm[aV {~Qw>‘oZ ’o$ëQ>Ho$ {d{eï>


129

(ñno{e{’$Ho$eg ’$moa ½bmg ’$mB~a ~og{~Qw>‘oZ ’o$ëQ>g)

19. IS : 9918-1981 OJh na ½bmg ’$mB~a ¶wº$ {~Qw>‘oZ goObamoYr d Z‘ramoYr CnMma Ho$ {b¶og§{hVm (H$moS> Am°’$ àop³Q>g ’$m°a BZ-gr-Qy> dmQ>aàyq’$J Ed§ S>|n àyq’$J Q>rQ>‘|Q>{dW ½bmg ’$ma~a {Q>gy arZ’$mog©S>{~Qw>‘oZ)

20. IS : 13182-1991 ^dZm| ‘| Jrbo ñWmZmo§ Ho$ ObamoYr CnMmaHo$ {b¶o AZwe§gm¶o§ ([aH$‘|S>oe§g ’$m°admQ>aàyq’$J Am°’$ doQ> E[a¶mg BZ{~ëS>tJ)

21. IS : 13826-1993 {~Qw>{‘Z AmYm[aV ’o$ëQ²>g Ho$ narjUH$s {d{Y¶m± ({~Qw>{‘Zg ~oñS> ’o$ëQ>g -‘oWS> Am°’$ Q>oñQ>²g)

Cnamo³V Am¶.Eg. H$moS²>g Ho$ Abmdm ^m. ao. H$m. g§{hVm (IRWM)

Ed§ Ama. S>r. Eg. Amo. Ho$ {d{^Þ àH$meZm| go g§X © {b¶m J¶m h¡&

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130

gwPmd Ho$ {bE H¥$n¶m {b{[email protected]

^maVr¶ aob {g{db B§{O{Z¶[a¨J g§ñWmZ, nwUo 411001àH$meH$

hþ‘m A°S>g², nwUo{S>PmB©Z

H$ë¶mUr H$m°nm}aoeZ, gXm{ed noR>, nwUo - 411030.‘wÐH$

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^dZm| H$m ObamoYr CnMmairicen.gov.in/iricen/books_jquery/bhavanonka jalrodhi upchar.pdf · ^dZm| H$m ObamoYr CnMma ^maVr¶ aob {g{db B§{O{Z¶[a¨J g§ñWmZ, nwUo 411001 A³Qy>~a