Educación 2019

5(3%/,&$'(&2/20%,$

0,1,67(5,2'(('8&$&,11$&,21$/

('8&$&,19,6,1

'RFXPHQWRSDUDGLVFXVLyQ

(ODERUDGRSRU 0DUJDULWD3HxD%RU UHUR &RQVXOWRUD

%RJRWi GHRFWXEUHGH

Daniel Fernando Snchez HernndezDaniel Fernando Snchez Hernndez 5 de octubre de 2015 20:48http://www.mineducacion.gov.co/1621/articles-101945_archivo_pdf1.pdf

(GXFDFLyQ9LVLyQ'RFXPHQWRSDUDGLVFXVLyQ

,1',&(

32548e('8&$&,219,6,21" /$9,6,1'1'((67$5(026(1" ,062325781,'$'(6('8&$7,9$63$5$/$32%/$&,1$&&(62$/$('8&$&,1(172'26/261,9(/(6 (OSXQWRGHSDUWLGD 0HWDV\HVWUDWHJLDVSDUDODDPSOLDFLyQGHODFFHVRDODHGXFDFLyQ $WHQFLyQHGXFDWLYDDQLxRV\QLxDVGH\DxRV 0HWDVDWHQFLyQHGXFDWLYDDQLxRVGH\DxRV (VWUDWHJLDVSDUDDXPHQWDUODFREHUWXUDGHODHGXFDFLyQLQLFLDOSDUDORVQLxRVGH\DxRV

(GXFDFLyQSUHHVFRODUEiVLFD\ PHGLDSDUDWRGRV 0HWDVGHFREHUWXUDGHEiVLFD\PHGLD (VWUDWHJLDVSDUDPHMRUDUODFREHUWXUDGHODHGXFDFLyQSUHHVFRODUEiVLFD\PHGLD

0D\RUHVRSRUWXQLGDGHVSDUDHODFFHVRDODHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRU 0HWDVGHDPSOLDFLyQGHFREHUWXUDGHHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRU (VWUDWHJLDVSDUDLQFUHPHQWDUODFREHUWXUDGHODHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRU

,,81$('8&$&,1'(&$/,'$' 8QVLVWHPDHGXFDWLYRDUWLFXODGRDOUHGHGRUGHOGHVDUUROORGHFRPSHWHQFLDV &RPSRQHQWHVGHXQDHVWUDWHJLDGHFDOLGDG (VWiQGDUHVGHFDOLGDG /DHYDOXDFLyQGHFRPSHWHQFLDV /DVFRQGLFLRQHVLQVWLWXFLRQDOHVDVHJXUDPLHQWRGHODFDOLGDG\PHMRUDPLHQWRFRQWLQXR

/RVGHVDItRV 0HWDV\HVWUDWHJLDVSDUDHOPHMRUDPLHQWRGHODFDOLGDG (GXFDFLyQSUHHVFRODU 0HWDVGHFDOLGDGSDUDODHGXFDFLyQSUHHVFRODU (VWUDWHJLDVSDUDPHMRUDUODFDOLGDGGHODHGXFDFLyQLQLFLDO\SUHHVFRODU

0HMRUDPLHQWRGHODFDOLGDGGHODHGXFDFLyQEiVLFD\PHGLD 0HWDVGHPHMRUDPLHQWRGHFDOLGDGGHODHGXFDFLyQSUHHVFRODUEiVLFD\PHGLD (VWUDWHJLDVSDUDPHMRUDUODFDOLGDGGHODHGXFDFLyQEiVLFD\PHGLD

$UWLFXODFLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQPHGLDFRQODHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRU\ODIRUPDFLyQSDUDHOWUDEDMR 0HWDVGHDUWLFXODFLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQPHGLDFRQODIRUPDFLyQODERUDO (VWUDWHJLDVSDUDODDUWLFXODFLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQPHGLD\ODIRUPDFLyQODERUDO

0HMRUDPLHQWRGHODFDOLGDGGHODHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRU 0HWDVGHPHMRUDPLHQWRGHODFDOLGDG\SHUWLQHQFLDGHODHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRU (VWUDWHJLDVSDUDPHMRUDUODFDOLGDGGHODHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRU

,,, )257$/(&,0,(172'(/$*(67,1'(/$6,167,78&,21(6('8&$7,9$6


0HWDV\HVWUDWHJLDVSDUDHOIRUWDOHFLPLHQWRLQVWLWXFLRQDOGHOVHFWRUHGXFDWLYR )RUWDOHFHUODJHVWLyQ\UHVSRQVDELOLGDGGHODVLQVWLWXFLRQHVHGXFDWLYDVRILFLDOHVGHSUHHVFRODUEiVLFD\PHGLD 0HWDVGHIRUWDOHFLPLHQWRGHODJHVWLyQGHODVLQVWLWXFLRQHVHGXFDWLYDV (VWUDWHJLDVSDUDHOIRUWDOHFLPLHQWRGHODJHVWLyQGHODVLQVWLWXFLRQHVHGXFDWLYDVGHSUHHVFRODUEiVLFD\PHGLD

0RGHUQL]DUODJHVWLyQGHODVVHFUHWDUtDVGHHGXFDFLyQ 0HWDVGHIRUWDOHFLPLHQWRLQVWLWXFLRQDOGHODVVHFUHWDUtDVGHHGXFDFLyQFHUWLILFDGDV (VWUDWHJLDVSDUDIRUWDOHFHULQVWLWXFLRQDOPHQWHDODVVHFUHWDUtDVGHHGXFDFLyQ

)RUWDOHFHUODJHVWLyQGHODVLQVWLWXFLRQHVGHHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRU 0HWDVGHIRUWDOHFLPLHQWRGHODJHVWLyQGHODV,(6 (VWUDWHJLDVSDUDPHMRUDUODHILFLHQFLDGHOVLVWHPDGHHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRU

75(6352*5$0$6(675$7(*,&263$5$0(-25$5/$&$/,'$'


32548e ('8&$&,219,6,21"/DHGXFDFLyQHQODOODPDGDVRFLHGDGSRVLQGXVWULDODSDUHFHFRPRHOPHGLRSUHGLOHFWRSDUDDVHJXUDUPDxDQDORTXHKR\QRVHKDORJUDGRXQGLQDPLVPRSURGXFWLYRFRQHTXLGDGVRFLDO\XQDGHPRFUDFLDEDVDGDHQXQDFLXGDGDQtDVLQUHVWULFFLRQHV /D

LQFLGHQFLDGHOFRQRFLPLHQWRHQODFRPSHWLWLYLGDGDHVFDODJOREDO\ORFDOFRQYLHUWHDODHGXFDFLyQHQXQDSDODQFDGHFLVLYDSDUDHOGHVDUUROOR/DGLIXVLyQGHGHVWUH]DVSHUWLQHQWHV\ODIRUPDFLyQGHUHFXUVRVKXPDQRVFRQVWLWX\HQHOHMHDUWLFXODGRUGHORVFDPELRVSURGXFWLYRVODSDUWLFLSDFLyQFLXGDGDQD\ODPRYLOLGDGVRFLDO

0+RSHQKD\Q\(2WRQH(O*UDQ(VODEyQ(GXFDFLyQ\ GHVDUUROORHQHOXPEUDOGHOVLJOR;;,

$SURSyVLWRGHODFHOHEUDFLyQGHOVHJXQGRFHQWHQDULRGHOD LQGHSHQGHQFLDGHQXHVWURSDtVHQHO*RELHUQR1DFLRQDOKDSUHSDUDGRXQDDJHQGDGHGHVDUUROORFRQODFRQYLFFLyQGHTXHXQDYLVLyQGHIXWXURSHUPLWLUiRULHQWDUGHVGHDKRUDODVSROtWLFDVS~EOLFDVKDFLDODFRQVHFXFLyQGHPHWDV DPELFLRVDV SHUR SRVLEOHV (VWDV SURSXHVWDV LQVSLUDGDV HQ ORV LGHDOHV pWLFRV GH XQPRGHORSROtWLFRGHPRFUiWLFR\XQPRGHORHFRQyPLFRVLQH[FOXVLRQHVKDQVLGRGHILQLGDVFRQHO iQLPR GH ORJUDU FXDWUR JUDQGHV REMHWLYRV XQD HFRQRPtD TXH JDUDQWLFH PD\RU QLYHO GHELHQHVWDU XQD VRFLHGDG PiV LJXDOLWDULD \ VROLGDULD XQD VRFLHGDG GH FLXGDGDQRV OLEUHV \UHVSRQVDEOHV\XQ(VWDGRDOVHUYLFLRGHORVFLXGDGDQRV

(Q HO FDVR GH OD HGXFDFLyQ HVWH HMHUFLFLR GH SODQHDFLyQ D ODUJR SOD]R WLHQH XQ HVSHFLDOVLJQLILFDGR6LELHQGHVGHORVLQLFLRVGHODKLVWRULDUHSXEOLFDQDH[LVWLyODFRQFLHQFLDGHTXHODHGXFDFLyQHVHOPHGLRSRUH[FHOHQFLDSDUDORJUDUODFRKHVLyQDOUHGHGRUGHYDORUHVFRPXQHV\ODFRQVWUXFFLyQGHXQDEDVHSURGXFWLYDQR IXHVLQRKDVWD OD VHJXQGDPLWDGGHO VLJORSDVDGRFXDQGRpVWDDGTXLULyHOFDUiFWHUXQLYHUVDOTXHKR\WLHQH/D&RQVWLWXFLyQGHUHIOHMD ODVDVSLUDFLRQHV GH OD VRFLHGDG FRORPELDQD HQ FXDQWR D XQD HGXFDFLyQ LQFOX\HQWH \ GH FDOLGDGFRPRUHTXLVLWRHVHQFLDOSDUDVXVWHQWDUHOGHVDUUROORHFRQyPLFR\ODYLGDGHPRFUiWLFD

(VWHUHFRQRFLPLHQWRKDFRQGXFLGRDDYDQFHVUHODWLYRVHQODLQVWLWXFLRQDOLGDGGHOVHFWRUTXHVHGHVWDFDQHQHOFRQWH[WRUHJLRQDO/DHGXFDFLyQEiVLFDHVXQGHUHFKRIXQGDPHQWDO&XHQWDFRQXQD IXHQWH GH ILQDQFLDFLyQ HVWDEOH 6X DGPLQLVWUDFLyQ HV GHVFHQWUDOL]DGD \ ODV DXWRULGDGHVGHSDUWDPHQWDOHV\PXQLFLSDOHVULQGHQFXHQWDVVREUHVXVORJURV/DVLQVWLWXFLRQHVHGXFDWLYDVHQWRGRV ORVQLYHOHVJR]DQGHXQ LPSRUWDQWHJUDGRGHDXWRQRPtD\ VXV HVWUXFWXUDVGHJRELHUQRHVWiQ DELHUWDV D OD SDUWLFLSDFLyQ GH ORV FLXGDGDQRV ([LVWH DGHPiV XQ DPSOLR FRQVHQVR HQFXDQWRDODQHFHVLGDGGHFRQWDUFRQSROtWLFDVGHODUJRSOD]RTXHGHILQDQSULRULGDGHV\UHFXUVRVHQ IXQFLyQ GH SROtWLFDV GH (VWDGR \ TXH QR HVWpQ VXERUGLQDGRV D LQWHUHVHV GH SDUWLGRV RJRELHUQRVHVSHFtILFRV

/RV LQGLFDGRUHV HGXFDWLYRV WDPELpQ KDQ HYROXFLRQDGR IDYRUDEOHPHQWH DXQTXH SHUVLVWHQGHILFLHQFLDV H LQHTXLGDGHV TXH HV QHFHVDULR FRPHQ]DU D FRUUHJLU HQ HO FRUWR SOD]R /DGLVPLQXFLyQGHODQDOIDEHWLVPRKDHVWDGRDFRPSDxDGDGHLQFUHPHQWRHQORVDxRVSURPHGLRGHHVFRODULGDGGHORVFRORPELDQRV\GHDXPHQWRVHQODFREHUWXUDGHODHGXFDFLyQSULPDULDTXHHQ


ODDFWXDOLGDGHVSUiFWLFDPHQWHXQLYHUVDO/DH[SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQSUHHVFRODU\VHFXQGDULDKDVLGRPiVOHQWD\VXXQLYHUVDOL]DFLyQHVXQRGHORVSULQFLSDOHVGHVDItRVHQHOIXWXURFHUFDQR1R REVWDQWH HO VLJQLILFDWLYR FUHFLPLHQWR GH OD HGXFDFLyQ VXSHULRU HQ OD ~OWLPD GpFDGD ORVLQGLFDGRUHVGHFREHUWXUDVRQWRGDYtDLQIHULRUHVDORVGHSDtVHVGHODUHJLyQ\PX\EDMRVVLVHFRQVLGHUDTXHXQDFRQGLFLyQSDUDHOFUHFLPLHQWR\FRPSHWLWLYLGDGGHQXHVWUDHFRQRPtDHV ODH[LVWHQFLDGHXQFDSLWDOKXPDQRFRQDOWRVQLYHOHVGHSUHSDUDFLyQ

/DVGLIHUHQFLDVDIHFWDQHVSHFLDOPHQWHDORVJUXSRVFRQPHQRUHVLQJUHVRV\DORVKDELWDQWHVGH]RQDVUXUDOHV/DDWHQFLyQHGXFDWLYDGHHVWDSREODFLyQHVFRQGLFLyQHVHQFLDOSDUDJHQHUDUXQFtUFXOR YLUWXRVR JUDFLDV DO FXDO ORV DOXPQRV GH KR\HQ HO IXWXUR FDEH]DV GH KRJDU SXHGDQLQVHUWDUVH DO PHUFDGR ODERUDO HQ PHMRUHV FRQGLFLRQHV0~OWLSOHV LQYHVWLJDFLRQHV GHVWDFDQ HOSDSHO GH OD HGXFDFLyQ FRPR HO FDPLQR SULYLOHJLDGR SDUD VXSHUDU OD UHSURGXFFLyQLQWHUJHQHUDFLRQDO GH OD SREUH]D \ OD QHFHVLGDGGH FRQFHQWUDU ORV HVIXHU]RV HQ ORV JUXSRV GHSREODFLyQ FRQPHQRUHV UHFXUVRV 3RU HVWD UD]yQ OD HGXFDFLyQ HV FRPSRQHQWH FHQWUDO GH ODVHVWUDWHJLDVGHO9LVLyQ&RORPELDSDUD&HUUDUODVEUHFKDVVRFLDOHV

/D HGXFDFLyQ HV WDPELpQ FRQGLFLyQ LQGLVSHQVDEOH SDUD FRQVROLGDU XQD HFRQRPtD TXHSURSRUFLRQH ODEDVHPDWHULDODSURSLDGDSDUDTXH ORVFRORPELDQRVSXHGDQDOFDQ]DUXQDPHMRUFDOLGDG GH YLGD (VWR HV SDUWLFXODUPHQWH LPSRUWDQWH HQ OD VRFLHGDG GHO FRQRFLPLHQWRGRPLQDGD SRU QXHYRV PRGRV GH SURGXFLU \ WUDEDMDU TXH H[LJH SHUVRQDV SUHSDUDGDV SDUDREWHQHU DGDSWDU \ DSOLFDU OD LQIRUPDFLyQ GLVSRQLEOH HQ P~OWLSOHV UHGHV \ WUDQVIRUPDUOD HQFRQRFLPLHQWR UHOHYDQWH SDUD OD VDWLVIDFFLyQ GH VXV QHFHVLGDGHV GH PDQHUD FDGD YH] PiVHILFLHQWHHTXLWDWLYD\UHVSHWXRVDGHOPHGLRDPELHQWH(OQLYHOHGXFDWLYRGHWHUPLQDHQEXHQDSDUWHHOIXWXURGHODVSHUVRQDVHQWDQWRPLHPEURVSURGXFWLYRVGHODFRPXQLGDGDVtFRPRGHODVRFLHGDGHQVXFRQMXQWRFRPRSDUWtFLSHGHXQDHFRQRPtDPXQGLDOFDGDYH]PiVLQWHJUDGD\H[SOLFDSRUTXpODHGXFDFLyQHVXQDHVWUDWHJLDHVHQFLDOSDUDORJUDU8QDHFRQRPtDTXHJHQHUHPD\RUQLYHOGHELHQHVWDU

$PSOLDU ODVRSRUWXQLGDGHVGHDFFHVRGHODSREODFLyQDPiVHGXFDFLyQHVFRQGLFLyQQHFHVDULDSHUR QR VXILFLHQWH SDUD ORJUDU HO LPSDFWR HVSHUDGR VREUH HO FDSLWDO KXPDQR (V SUHFLVRDFRPSDxDUHVWHHVIXHU]RFRQHVWUDWHJLDVGHOLEHUDGDV \ VRVWHQLGDVSDUDPHMRUDU ODFDOLGDGGHIRUPDTXHVHSURSLFLHHOGHVDUUROORGHFRPSHWHQFLDVFRPXQLFDWLYDVPDWHPiWLFDVFLHQWtILFDV\WHFQROyJLFDV SDUD TXH ODV SHUVRQDV GLVSRQJDQGH ODV KHUUDPLHQWDV QHFHVDULDV SDUD HQIUHQWDUFUHDWLYDPHQWHGLVWLQWDVVLWXDFLRQHVUHVROYHUSUREOHPDVDGDSWDUVHDORVFDPELRV\DSUHQGHUDOR ODUJR GH WRGD OD YLGD (VWR LPSOLFD QR VROR FDPELDU OD YLVLyQ GH TXp VH DSUHQGH GH ORVFRQWHQLGRVD ODVFRPSHWHQFLDV VLQR ODPLUDGDVREUHFyPRVHDSUHQGH GH OD WUDQVPLVLyQGHFRQRFLPLHQWRDODSUHQGL]DMHDFWLYR&RORPELDKDGHILQLGR\DFXiOHVVRQHVDVFRPSHWHQFLDV\FXHQWDFRQXQDPSOLRUHSHUWRULRGH LQQRYDFLRQHVSHGDJyJLFDVGHHIHFWLYLGDGFRPSUREDGD ORTXH FRPELQDGRXQD IXHU]DGRFHQWH FRPSHWHQWH\PRWLYDGD DVt FRPR FRQPHMRUHV UHFXUVRVWLHQHHOSRWHQFLDOSDUDWUDQVIRUPDUORVUHVXOWDGRVGHODHGXFDFLyQ

1R PHQRV LPSRUWDQWH HQ OD SHUVSHFWLYD GHO HV OD FRQWULEXFLyQ GH OD HGXFDFLyQ D ODIRUPDFLyQGHFLXGDGDQtD \DO IRUWDOHFLPLHQWRGHGHPRFUDFLD6L ELHQHVWHREMHWLYRKDHVWDGRSUHVHQWHGHVGHHOFRPLHQ]RGHQXHVWUDYLGDUHSXEOLFDQDKR\DGTXLHUHXQHVSHFLDOVLJQLILFDGRGDGDVODHYROXFLyQUHFLHQWHGHOUpJLPHQGHPRFUiWLFRJUDFLDVDODFXDOORVFLXGDGDQRVFXHQWDQFRQP~OWLSOHVFDQDOHVDGHPiVGHOYRWR SDUDKDFHUVHHVFXFKDUHLQFLGLUVREUHODVGHFLVLRQHV(O


GHVDUUROORGHFRPSHWHQFLDVFLXGDGDQDVHV ODFRQGLFLyQHVHQFLDOSDUDTXHODVSHUVRQDVSXHGDQEHQHILFLDUVH UHVSRQVDEOHPHQWH GH ODV JDUDQWtDV TXH OD GHPRFUDFLD RIUHFH HQ HO PDUFR GHOUHVSHWRSRUODOH\\ORVGHUHFKRVKXPDQRV/DH[SHFWDWLYDHVDXQPD\RUHQHOIUHQWHDOGHVDItRGHDOFDQ]DUXQDSD]GXUDGHUD\FRQVWUXLUXQDVRFLHGDGSRVWFRQIOLFWR(VSRUHVWRSRUORTXHODHGXFDFLyQKDFHSDUWHGHODVHVWUDWHJLDVSDUD&RQVWUXLUXQDVRFLHGDGGHFLXGDGDQRVOLEUHV\UHVSRQVDEOHV

(VWHGRFXPHQWRWLHQHFRPRSURSyVLWRSURIXQGL]DUHQODVSURSXHVWDVHGXFDWLYDVH[SXHVWDVSRUHO 'HSDUWDPHQWR 1DFLRQDO GH 3ODQHDFLyQ HQ 9LVLyQ &RORPELD ,, &HQWHQDULR GHVGH XQDSHUVSHFWLYDVHFWRULDO&DGDXQRGHORVREMHWLYRVGHODDJHQGDLPSRQHGHVDItRVDOVLVWHPDHGXFDWLYRFRORPELDQRTXHDXQTXHHQORV~OWLPRVDxRVKDORJUDGRFUHFHU\FRQYHUWLUVHHQXQVHFWRU HVWUDWpJLFR GHEH FRQVROLGDU VXV IRUWDOH]DV \ VXSHUDU HO DWUDVR TXH WRGDYtD SUHVHQWDQDOJXQRV IUHQWHV /RV UHWRV QR VH DJRWDQ HQ DOFDQ]DU FREHUWXUDV XQLYHUVDOHV GH HGXFDFLyQSUHHVFRODUEiVLFD\PHGLD\DPSOLDU ODVRSRUWXQLGDGHVGHDFFHVRDODHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRU(VQHFHVDULRWUDEDMDUSDUDKDFHUGHKDFHUGHHOODXQDH[SHULHQFLDVLJQLILFDWLYDSDUDODVSHUVRQDV\SHUWLQHQWH D ORV UHTXHULPLHQWRV GHO GHVDUUROOR HQ HO PDUFR GH XQD VRFLHGDG HTXLWDWLYD \VROLGDULD


/$9,6,1'1'((67$5(026(1"

(QHOVLVWHPDHGXFDWLYRFRORPELDQRKDDOFDQ]DGRXQDFREHUWXUDEUXWDGHOHQ ORVQLYHOHV GH SUHHVFRODU EiVLFD \ PHGLD (VWR KD VLGR SRVLEOH JUDFLDV D OD DPSOLDFLyQ GH ODFDSDFLGDGGHO VLVWHPD\DXQD LPSRUWDQWHPHMRUDHQ OD UHWHQFLyQHVFRODUGHPRGRTXHJUDQSDUWHGHTXLHQHVLQJUHVDQDOSUHHVFRODUSXHGDQFXOPLQDU ODHGXFDFLyQPHGLD(OGHORVQLxRV GH \ DxRV HVWi YLQFXODGR D DOJXQDPRGDOLGDG GH DWHQFLyQ TXH LQWHJUD HVWUDWHJLDVSHGDJyJLFDVFRQSURJUDPDVGHSURWHFFLyQDODLQIDQFLD\DWHQFLyQDODVIDPLOLDVRULHQWDGDVDHVWLPXODUVXGHVDUUROORFRJQLWLYR

(OSDtVKDVXSHUDGRODVGLIHUHQWHVUHVWULFFLRQHVGHDFFHVR\DVHJXUDODSUHVWDFLyQGHOVHUYLFLRHQFRQGLFLRQHVGHHTXLGDGSDUD ODSREODFLyQTXHSRUGLVWLQWDVFLUFXQVWDQFLDVVHHQFXHQWUDHQPD\RUPHGLGDH[SXHVWDDODH[FOXVLyQODSREUH]D\ORVHIHFWRVGHODLQHTXLGDG\ODYLROHQFLDGH WRGR RUGHQ 'HQWUR GH HVWH JUXSR VH HQFXHQWUDQ OD SREODFLyQ pWQLFD OD SREODFLyQ FRQQHFHVLGDGHV HGXFDWLYDV HVSHFLDOHV OD SREODFLyQ DIHFWDGD SRU OD YLROHQFLD ORV PHQRUHV HQULHVJRVRFLDOORVMyYHQHV\DGXOWRVLOHWUDGRVORVKDELWDQWHVGH]RQDVIURQWHUL]DV\ODSREODFLyQUXUDOGLVSHUVD

(Q FDGD XQR GH ORV QLYHOHV \ FRQIRUPH D HVWiQGDUHV HVWDEOHFLGRV ORV HVWXGLDQWHV LQGHSHQGLHQWHPHQWH GH VXV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV LQGLYLGXDOHV \ QLYHO VRFLRHFRQyPLFR DOFDQ]DQGHVHPSHxRV VDWLVIDFWRULRV HQ XQ FRQMXQWR GHILQLGR GH FRPSHWHQFLDV GH FRPXQLFDFLyQPDWHPiWLFDV FLHQWtILFDV \ FLXGDGDQDV (VWDV FRPSHWHQFLDV EiVLFDV FRQVWLWX\HQ HO Q~FOHRFRP~QGH ORVFXUUtFXORVHQWRGRV ORVQLYHOHVGHVGH ODHGXFDFLyQ LQLFLDO\ VRQHO IXQGDPHQWRVREUHHOFXDOVHFRQVWUX\HQDSUHQGL]DMHVDORODUJRGHODYLGDWDQWRHQODHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRURQRIRUPDOFRPRHQHOHQWRUQRSURGXFWLYR/DFRPSHWLWLYLGDGGHODVSHUVRQDV\GHOSDtVVHKDYLVWRIDYRUHFLGDSRUHOGHVDUUROORGHFRPSHWHQFLDVFRPXQLFDWLYDVHQXQD OHQJXDH[WUDQMHUD \SRUHOGRPLQLRGHWHFQRORJtDVSDUDHODFFHVR\XVRGHLQIRUPDFLyQ

/DV LQVWLWXFLRQHV HGXFDWLYDV GH EiVLFD \ PHGLD VH KDQ FRQVROLGDGR FRPR Q~FOHR EiVLFR GHOVLVWHPDHGXFDWLYR(QHOODV HTXLSRVGRFHQWHV OLGHUDGRVSRUHO UHFWRU WUDEDMDQFRQMXQWDPHQWHFRQORVSDGUHVGHIDPLOLD\GHPiVPLHPEURVGHODFRPXQLGDGHGXFDWLYDSDUDORJUDUUHVXOWDGRVGHDSUHQGL]DMH\GHVDUUROORGH ORVHVWXGLDQWHV6RQ LQVWLWXFLRQHVHGXFDWLYDVFRPSHWHQWHVSDUDFRPSURPHWHUVHFRQHVRVUHVXOWDGRVSRUTXHFXHQWDQFRQDXWRQRPtDSDUDWRPDUGHFLVLRQHVHQDVXQWRV FODYH \ WLHQHQ FDSDFLGDG GH JHVWLyQ 3RU VX SDUWH ODV VHFUHWDUtDV GH HGXFDFLyQ VRQHVHQFLDOPHQWH HQWLGDGHV GH VHUYLFLR FRQ FDSDFLGDGSDUD SODQHDU \ FRRUGLQDU OD RIHUWD ORFDOEULQGDU DVLVWHQFLD WpFQLFD D ORV FHQWURV HGXFDWLYRV GLVWULEXLU HQWUH HOORV ORV UHFXUVRVWUDQVIHULGRV SRU OD 1DFLyQ \ DVLJQDU UHFXUVRV ORFDOHV OR TXH OHV SHUPLWLUi JDQDU QLYHOHVFUHFLHQWHVGHDXWRQRPtD

(ODFFHVRDODHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRUVHKDDPSOLDGRKDVWDFXEULUHOGHORVFRORPELDQRVHQWUH \ DxRV/DPD\RUtD GH ORV HJUHVDGRV GH OD HGXFDFLyQPHGLD WLHQHQ OD RSRUWXQLGDGGHLQJUHVDUDODHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRUJUDFLDVDODDPSOLDFLyQ\GLYHUVLILFDFLyQGHORVSURJUDPDVDIRUPDVGHHQWUHJDTXHODKDUiQDFFHVLEOHGHVGHFXDOTXLHUPXQLFLSLRGHOSDtV\DXQVLVWHPDGH


FUpGLWRDELHUWRDWRGRVFRQFRQGLFLRQHVHVSHFLDOHVSDUDTXHTXLHQHVSURYHQJDQGHIDPLOLDVFRQEDMRVLQJUHVRVSXHGDQSHUPDQHFHUHQHOVLVWHPDHGXFDWLYRKDVWDREWHQHUVXWtWXOR

/DHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRURIUHFHSURJUDPDVSURIHVLRQDOHVWpFQLFRV\WHFQROyJLFRVIOH[LEOHV\GHGXUDFLyQYDULDEOHTXHUHVSRQGHQDORVUHTXHULPLHQWRVGHFRPSHWLWLYLGDG\GHVDUUROORGHOSDtV\SHUPLWHQ OD PRYLOLGDG GH HVWXGLDQWHV HQWUH LQVWLWXFLRQHV \ QLYHOHV /RV PHFDQLVPRV GHDVHJXUDPLHQWR GH OD FDOLGDG GH OD HGXFDFLyQ VXSHULRU TXH VH XWLOL]DQ HQ &RORPELD VRQUHFRQRFLGRV LQWHUQDFLRQDOPHQWH GH IRUPD TXH ORV WtWXORV TXH H[SLGHQ HQ QXHVWUR SDtVSURJUDPDVH LQVWLWXFLRQHVDFUHGLWDGDVWLHQHQYDOLGH]HQRWURVSDtVHV WDQWRHQODUHJLyQFRPRIXHUDGHHOOD/DHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRUVHKDFRQYHUWLGRHQXQSXQWDOGHOGHVDUUROORHFRQyPLFR\VRFLDOGHOSDtV\XQIDFWRUGHFRPSHWLWLYLGDGJUDFLDVDODPHMRUDFRQWLQXDGHVXVSURJUDPDV\UHFXUVRV

/DVXQLYHUVLGDGHVFRQVWLWX\HQXQHVSDFLRSDUDODJHQHUDFLyQGHFRQRFLPLHQWR\WHFQRORJtDODLQQRYDFLyQ\ODUHIOH[LyQORFXDOVHHYLGHQFLDHQHOLPSDFWRVRFLDOGHVXTXHKDFHUHOQ~PHURGHSDWHQWHVSURGXFWRGH ODERUHVGH LQYHVWLJDFLyQ ODSURGXFFLyQGHDUWtFXORV \SXEOLFDFLRQHVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHVFRQDOWRQLYHOGH LPSDFWR\HOQLYHOGH LQJUHVRVSURYHQLHQWHVGHHVWDV WDUHDV/RV GRFWRUDGRV \ ODV PDHVWUtDV UHSUHVHQWDQ XQ SRUFHQWDMH VLJQLILFDWLYR GH OD PDWUtFXOD GHSRVWJUDGR PLHQWUDV TXH ODV HVSHFLDOL]DFLRQHV FRQVHUYDUiQ VX SDSHO GH KHUUDPLHQWDV GHDFWXDOL]DFLyQ FDOLILFDGD 7RGR OR DQWHULRU HV SRVLEOH JUDFLDV D XQD SROtWLFD DJUHVLYD GHPHMRUDPLHQWR GHO QLYHO DFDGpPLFR GH ORV GRFHQWHV H LQYHVWLJDGRUHV \ D DOLDQ]DV FRQXQLYHUVLGDGHV\FHQWURVGHSURGXFFLyQGHFRQRFLPLHQWRLQWHUQDFLRQDOHV

/DHGXFDFLyQQRIRUPDOFXHQWDFRQXQVLVWHPDGHDVHJXUDPLHQWRGHODFDOLGDG\JUDFLDVD ODH[LVWHQFLD GH XQ VLVWHPD GH LQIRUPDFLyQ UREXVWR HV SRVLEOH FRQRFHU HO FHQVR GH OD RIHUWDHGXFDWLYDSRUSURJUDPDVHLQVWLWXFLRQHVDVtFRPRHOQ~PHURGHFRORPELDQRVEHQHILFLDGRVSRUHVWH WLSR GH IRUPDFLyQ /D GHILQLFLyQ WDQWR GH SURFHVRV IRUPDWLYRV FRPR HYDOXDWLYRV SRUFRPSHWHQFLDVSHUPLWHDORVHVWXGLDQWHVORVHPSOHDGRUHV\DORVRSHUDGRUHVGHODHGXFDFLyQQRIRUPDO \ ODHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRUFRQRFHUGHPDQHUDFRQILDEOHHOQLYHOGHFRPSHWHQFLDVGH ODVSHUVRQDVSDUDIDFLOLWDUVXVRSFLRQHVGHHPSOHR\GHPRYLOLGDGDFDGpPLFD


,062325781,'$'(6('8&$7,9$63$5$/$32%/$&,1$&&(62$/$('8&$&,1(172'26/261,9(/(6

(OSXQWRGHSDU WLGD

/RV LQGLFDGRUHVGHHGXFDFLyQHQ&RORPELDKDQHYROXFLRQDGRSRVLWLYDPHQWHFRPRUHVXOWDGRGH ODV SROtWLFDV DGRSWDGDV SRU ORV VXFHVLYRV JRELHUQRV SDUD PHMRUDU HO DFFHVR DO VLVWHPDHGXFDWLYR $O DXPHQWR HQ ORV DxRV GH HVFRODULGDG SURPHGLR \ OD GLVPLQXFLyQ GHODQDOIDEHWLVPR VH VXPDQ LQFUHPHQWRV LPSRUWDQWHV HQ ODV WDVDV GH FREHUWXUD HQ HVSHFLDO HQSULPDULD \ VHFXQGDULD \PHMRUDV UHODWLYDV HQ OD HVFRODULGDGGH ORV JUXSRV GHSREODFLyQPiVSREUH

(Q ODHVFRODULGDGSURPHGLRGH ORVFRORPELDQRVHQWUH\DxRVHUDGHDxRVGRVPiVTXHHQ\HODQDOIDEHWLVPRSDUDHVWHJUXSRGHHGDGVHKDEtDUHGXFLGRGHDGXUDQWH HO PLVPR SHUtRGR /D DVLVWHQFLD HVFRODU GH ORV QLxRV \ MyYHQHV HQWUH \ DxRVPHMRUyVLJQLILFDWLYDPHQWH\FUHFLHURQWDPELpQODVWDVDVGHFREHUWXUDHQWRGRVORVQLYHOHV/DFREHUWXUDGHODHGXFDFLyQSULPDULDHVSUiFWLFDPHQWHXQLYHUVDO\ ODV WDVDVEUXWDVGHFREHUWXUDGHOJUDGRREOLJDWRULRGHSUHHVFRODUEiVLFDVHFXQGDULD\HGXFDFLyQVXSHULRUVHLQFUHPHQWDURQVLJQLILFDWLYDPHQWH GHVGH OD GpFDGD SDVDGD0HMRUy WDPELpQ HO DFFHVR GH OD SREODFLyQ PiVSREUHDODHGXFDFLyQHQWUH\ODWDVDGHDVLVWHQFLDGHODSREODFLyQGHDDxRVGHOTXLQWLOPiVEDMRGHLQJUHVRSDVyGHD

7DEOD&REHUWXUDEUXWDSRUQLYHOHGXFDWLYR

1LYHOHV 3UHHVFRODUJUDGRREOLJDWRULR %iVLFD3ULPDULD %iVLFD6HFXQGDULD (GXFDFLyQ0HGLD (GXFDFLyQ6XSHULRU

(VWHGDWRFRUUHVSRQGHD

)XHQWH (QFXHVWDGH+RJDUHV'$1()XHQWH(QFXHVWDGH&DOLGDGGH9LGDGH/DWDVDGHFREHUWXUDEUXWDUHVXOWDGHGLYLGLUODPDWUtFXODWRWDOGHFDGDXQRGHORVQLYHOHVHGXFDWLYRVSRUHOWRWDOGH OD SREODFLyQ HQ HGDG GH FXUVDU FDGD XQR GH HOORV D DxRV SDUD SULPDULD D DxRV SDUD EiVLFDVHFXQGDULDDDxRVSDUDHGXFDFLyQPHGLD \DDxRVSDUDODHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRU&REHUWXUDVEUXWDVVXSHULRUHVDOFRPRODVTXHVHSUHVHQWDQHQHGXFDFLyQSULPDULDLQGLFDQTXHKD\HVWXGLDQWHVFXUVDQGRHVHQLYHOFX\DHGDGQRFRUUHVSRQGHDODUHJODPHQWDULD([LVWHXQDVXEHVWLPDFLyQGHODFREHUWXUDGHWUDQVLFLyQDSDUWLUGHODPHWRGRORJtDGHFiOFXORWUDGLFLRQDOGHELGRDTXHVHGLYLGHODSREODFLyQPDWULFXODGDHQHVHJUDGRSRUHOWRWDOGHODSREODFLyQHQWUH\DxRV'HQWURGHODVDOWHUQDWLYDV FRQVLGHUDGDV SDUD VXEVDQDU HVWH SUREOHPD VH RSWy SRU GHVFRQWDU GH OD SREODFLyQ REMHWLYR GHOGHQRPLQDGRUSDUDHIHFWRVGHOFiOFXORODSREODFLyQGH\DxRVTXHVHHQFXHQWUDHQSULPDULD(OREMHWLYRHVSUHFLVDUHOHVIXHU]RDUHDOL]DUSDUDDWHQGHUDODSREODFLyQTXHVHHQFXHQWUDYHUGDGHUDPHQWHSRUIXHUDGHOVLVWHPD


1RREVWDQWH ORVHVIXHU]RV UHDOL]DGRVHOSDtVHVWi WRGDYtDHQFDPLQRGH ORJUDUXQDFREHUWXUDVDWLVIDFWRULD$ ODV WRGDYtD EDMDV WDVDV GH FREHUWXUD EUXWD HQ WUDQVLFLyQ EiVLFD VHFXQGDULD \PHGLDVHVXPDQGHVLJXDOGDGHVQRWDEOHVSRU]RQD

7DEOD&REHUWXUDEUXWDSRUQLYHOHGXFDWLYR\]RQD

1LYHOHV &DEHFHUD 5HVWR3UHHVFRODUJUDGRREOLJDWRULR %iVLFD3ULPDULD %iVLFD6HFXQGDULD (GXFDFLyQ0HGLD

$VtPLVPRHQHODQDOIDEHWLVPRGH ORV MyYHQHVHQWUH\DxRVHQ]RQDVUXUDOHVHVFDVL FXDWUR YHFHV PD\RU TXH HQ ORV FHQWURV XUEDQRV IUHQWH D \ OD HVFRODULGDGSURPHGLRSDUDHVWDSREODFLyQHVWUHVDxRVPHQRUIUHQWHD

7DPELpQ VXEVLVWHQ GLIHUHQFLDV HQ HO DFFHVR D OD HGXFDFLyQ HQWUH ORV GLVWLQWRV QLYHOHV GHLQJUHVR(QODGLIHUHQFLDHQODDVLVWHQFLDHQWUHORVJUXSRVGHLQJUHVRPiVDOWR\PiVEDMRSDUDHOJUXSRGHHGDGGHDDxRVHUDGHO\GHFDVLSDUDODVSHUVRQDVHQWUHORV\DxRV(QHVHPLVPRDxRVyORHOGHORVQLxRVGH\DVLVWtDDXQKRJDUFRPXQLWDULRJXDUGHUtDRSUHHVFRODU\GHHOORVVyORHOUHFLEtDDWHQFLyQHGXFDWLYDSURSLDPHQWHGLFKD(QHOFDVRGHORVQLxRVSURYHQLHQWHVGH IDPLOLDVGH ORVQLYHOHV,\,,GHO6LVEHQHVWHSRUFHQWDMHVyOROOHJDEDDO0HQRVGHODPLWDGGHORVQLxRVHQHOTXLQWLOPiVEDMRGHLQJUHVRDVLVWtDDDOJ~QSURJUDPDGHDWHQFLyQ D ODSULPHUD LQIDQFLD HQ WDQWRTXHSDUDHOTXLQWLOPiV DOWRHVWDSURSRUFLyQHVGHFDVL

3UHRFXSDQHVSHFLDOPHQWHODVDOWDVWDVDVGHUHSUREDFLyQ\GHVHUFLyQTXHLPSLGHQTXHPXFKRVGHTXLHQHVFRPLHQ]DQHOFLFORHGXFDWLYRFXOPLQHQODHGXFDFLyQPHGLDORTXHDVXYH]DIHFWDVXVSRVLELOLGDGHVSDUDFRQWLQXDUHVWXGLRV\SUHSDUDUVHSDUDHOLQJUHVRDOPXQGRGHOWUDEDMRHQFRQGLFLRQHV IDYRUDEOHV(Q OD WDVDGHGHVHUFLyQHQHO VHFWRURILFLDO VHXELFyHQFLIUDTXHUHSUHVHQWDXQWRWDOGHPLOGHVHUWRUHV/DGHVHUFLyQIXHHVSHFLDOPHQWHDOWDHQORVJUDGRV\HQORVTXHVHSUHVHQWDURQWDPELpQDOWRVtQGLFHVGHUHSUREDFLyQUHSHWLFLyQ

&RPRUHVXOWDGRGHHVWDVIDOODVHOIOXMRGHHVWXGLDQWHVVHUHGXFHDPHGLGDTXHDYDQ]DHOFLFORHGXFDWLYR 7RPDQGR FRPR DSUR[LPDFLyQ ORV GDWRV GH PDWUtFXOD SDUD SRU FDGD HVWXGLDQWHV TXH LQJUHVDURQ DO VLVWHPD HQ HO JUDGR FHUR VROR FRQFOX\HURQ OD HGXFDFLyQPHGLDHQHOVHFWRURILFLDOVHYLQFXODURQDODHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRU\FXOPLQDURQ HVWXGLRVHQHVWHQLYHO6LELHQODWDVDGHDEVRUFLyQHQODHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRUHQIXHGHVRORXQSHUPDQHFHQHQHOVLVWHPDKDVWDHO ILQDOGH ODFDUUHUD([LVWHQSRFDVRSRUWXQLGDGHVSDUDORVJUDGXDGRVGHODPHGLDTXHQRORJUDQLQJUHVDUDHVWHQLYHOHGXFDWLYR

3DUDHOFiOFXORGHHVWDVWDVDVVHXWLOL]yODLQIRUPDFLyQGHOD(QFXHVWDGH+RJDUHVGDGRTXHQRVHFXHQWDFRQSUR\HFFLRQHVGHSREODFLyQSRUHGDGHVVLPSOHV \]RQD(VWRV LQGLFDGRUHVVHFDOFXODUiQQXHYDPHQWHXQDYH]VHFXHQWHFRQODLQIRUPDFLyQGHO&HQVRGH3REODFLyQ (VWD WDVD UHVXOWD GH GLYLGLU ORV PDWULFXODGRV SRU SULPHUD YH] HQ HO SULPHU FXUVR GH OD HGXFDFLyQ VXSHULRUSULPtSDURVSRUHOWRWDOGHHVWXGLDQWHVGHJUDGRTXHSUHVHQWDURQHO([DPHQGH(VWDGR


$XQTXHODFREHUWXUDEUXWDGHHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRUVHLQFUHPHQWyGHPDQHUDVLJQLILFDWLYDHQOD~OWLPDGpFDGD\VHHQFXHQWUDFHUFDQDDOSURPHGLRGHODUHJLyQHQHUDEDVWDQWHLQIHULRUDOFDVLTXHPRVWUDEDQORVSDtVHVGHOD2(&'HQHOPLVPRDxR/DPDWUtFXODHQSURJUDPDVSURIHVLRQDOHV VXSHUDED DPSOLDPHQWH OD GH SURJUDPDV WpFQLFRV \WHFQROyJLFRV OR TXHJHQHUDVHULRVSUREOHPDVGHSHUWLQHQFLDGHODRIHUWDIUHQWHDODVQHFHVLGDGHVGHOVHFWRUSURGXFWLYR(QODPDWUtFXODHQSURJUDPDVWpFQLFRVDxRV\WHFQROyJLFRVDxRVUHSUHVHQWDEDDSHQDVHO GHODPDWUtFXODWRWDOHQHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRU

/DV UHVWULFFLRQHV SDUD HO DFFHVR VH DJXGL]DQ GHELGR D OD DOWD FRQFHQWUDFLyQ GH OD RIHUWD GHHGXFDWLYD HQ HVWH QLYHO (Q HO GH ORV SURJUDPDV WpFQLFRV SURIHVLRQDOHV \WHFQROyJLFRV \HOGH ORVXQLYHUVLWDULRVHUDQ RIUHFLGRVHQ%RJRWi$QWLRTXLD \9DOOH HQGRQGHVHHQFXHQWUD~QLFDPHQWHHOGHODSREODFLyQHQWUHORV\DxRV/DPD\RUtDGHHVWDRIHUWDHVWiFRQIRUPDGDSRUSURJUDPDVSURIHVLRQDOHVGHODUJDGXUDFLyQ\DxRVTXHQRRWRUJDQFHUWLILFDFLRQHVLQWHUPHGLDVDTXLHQHVSRUDOJXQDUD]yQDEDQGRQDQVXVHVWXGLRV

0HWDV\HVWUDWHJLDVSDUDODDPSOLDFLyQGHODFFHVRDODHGXFDFLyQ

/RVSULQFLSDOHVGHVDItRVSDUDHOHQFXDQWRDODFFHVRGHODSREODFLyQDODHGXFDFLyQVRQDJDUDQWL]DUHODFFHVRXQLYHUVDOGHORVQLxRVGH\DxRVDDOJXQDPRGDOLGDGGHHGXFDFLyQLQLFLDO EDOFDQ]DUFREHUWXUDEUXWDGHOHQHGXFDFLyQSUHHVFRODU EiVLFD \PHGLD \GHOHQHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRU/RDQWHULRUH[LJHQRVRODPHQWHDPSOLDU ODRIHUWDHGXFDWLYDVLQRWDPELpQVXSHUDUODVUHVWULFFLRQHVTXHLPSLGHQTXHQLxRV\MyYHQHVLQJUHVHQ\SHUPDQH]FDQHQHOVLVWHPD(OUHWRHVGREOHSRUFXDQWRLPSOLFDFHUUDUEUHFKDVTXHKR\H[LVWHQHQWUHODV]RQDVUXUDOHV \ XUEDQDV DVt FRPR HQWUH iUHDV JHRJUiILFDV GHQWUR GHO PLVPR SDtV H LQFRUSRUDU DOVLVWHPDHGXFDWLYRDJUXSRVGHSREODFLyQGHPHQRUHVLQJUHVRVTXHSRUVXVLWXDFLyQHFRQyPLFDKDQHVWDGRPDUJLQDGRVSDUWLFXODUPHQWHHQORVQLYHOHVGHHGXFDFLyQLQLFLDOHGXFDFLyQPHGLD\VXSHULRU

$WHQFLyQHGXFDWLYDDQLxRV\QLxDVGH\DxRV

/DSULPHUD LQIDQFLDHV ODHWDSDGH OD YLGDTXHYDGHVGHHO QDFLPLHQWRKDVWD ORVDxRV/DVH[SHULHQFLDV YLYLGDV SRU ORV QLxRV GXUDQWH HVWRV DxRV LQIOX\HQ VLJQLILFDWLYDPHQWH HQ VXVSRVLELOLGDGHV IXWXUDV (VWXGLRV SURYHQLHQWHV GH GLIHUHQWHV GLVFLSOLQDV GHPXHVWUDQ TXH HVWRVDxRVVRQIXQGDPHQWDOHVSDUDHOGHVDUUROORItVLFRVRFLDO\FRJQLWLYRSXHVGXUDQWHHVWHSHUtRGRORV QLxRV DGTXLHUHQ ODV KDELOLGDGHV SDUD SHQVDU KDEODU DSUHQGHU UD]RQDU H LQWHUDFWXDU FRQRWURV/DHGXFDFLyQLQLFLDOFRQWULEX\HDGHPiVDUHGXFLUODSREUH]D\ODGHVLJXDOGDG/RVQLxRVSREUHV TXH WLHQHQ DFFHVR D XQD HGXFDFLyQ LQLFLDO GH EXHQD FDOLGDG YHQ FRPSHQVDGDV YDULDVFDUHQFLDV HQ HO SUHVHQWH \ KDFLD IXWXUR WLHQHQ PD\RUHV SRVLELOLGDGHV GH GHVDUUROODU VXVFRPSHWHQFLDVSHUPDQHFHUHQHOVLVWHPDHGXFDWLYR\WHQHUDFFHVRDODHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRU\DWUDEDMRVPHMRUUHPXQHUDGRV

/D&RQVWLWXFLyQGHHVWDEOHFHODREOLJDWRULHGDGGHODHGXFDFLyQHQWUHORV\ORVDxRVGH HGDG \ HO VLVWHPD HGXFDWLYR KD KHFKR VLJQLILFDWLYRV HVIXHU]RV SRU DPSOLDU OD FREHUWXUD

81(6&2,QVWLWXWHIRU6WDWLVWLFVKWWSZZZXLVXQHVFRRUJ


PHGLDQWH HO HVWDEOHFLPLHQWR GH XQ JUDGR GH WUDQVLFLyQ HQ ORV FHQWURV HGXFDWLYRV RILFLDOHV&RPRFRQVHFXHQFLDGHHVWDVDFFLRQHVHQWUH\ODDVLVWHQFLDHVFRODUGHORVQLxRVGHDDxRVVHLQFUHPHQWyGHD

/DDWHQFLyQHGXFDWLYDGHORVQLxRVGH\DxRVKDJDQDGRLPSRUWDQFLDHQODPHGLGDHQTXHDOJXQDVHQWLGDGHVWHUULWRULDOHVDOFDQ]DQ\DXQDFREHUWXUDEUXWDGHHVWHJUDGRVXSHULRUDOOR TXH GH DFXHUGR FRQ OD /H\ GH ODV KDELOLWD SDUD RULHQWDU UHFXUVRV GHO VLVWHPDHGXFDWLYRDODHGXFDFLyQSUHHVFRODUPiVDOOiGHWUDQVLFLyQVLHPSUH\FXDQGRKD\DQDOFDQ]DGRWDPELpQ XQD WDVD QHWD GH FREHUWXUD HQ EiVLFD LJXDO R VXSHULRU DO 1R REVWDQWH ODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GHO GHVDUUROOR GH ORV QLxRV HQ HVWH JUXSR GH HGDG \ HO KHFKR GH TXH OD JUDQPD\RUtDGHTXLHQHVVHHQFXHQWUDQH[FOXLGRVGHOVLVWHPDHGXFDWLYRVRQQLxRVSREUHVREOLJDDGLVHxDUHVWUDWHJLDVTXHHQIUHQWHQVLPXOWiQHDPHQWHVXVQHFHVLGDGHVHGXFDWLYDVQXWULFLRQDOHV\GHSURWHFFLyQPHGLDQWHODLQWHJUDFLyQGHLQWHUYHQFLRQHVTXHYDQPiVDOOiGHODVSURSLDVGHODHVFRODULGDG IRUPDO/DH[SHULHQFLD LQWHUQDFLRQDO HV ULFDHQHMHPSORVGHFyPRSURJUDPDV QRIRUPDOHV RSHUDGRV PXFKDV YHFHV SRU DOLDQ]DV HQWUH HQWLGDGHV HVWDWDOHV FRPXQLGDGHV \RUJDQL]DFLRQHV QR JXEHUQDPHQWDOHV KDQ FRQWULEXLGR D DPSOLDU OD FREHUWXUD \ PHMRUDU ODFDOLGDGGHODDWHQFLyQGHORVPiVSHTXHxRVHQHVSHFLDOGHTXLHQHVYLYHQHQFRQWH[WRVGHDOWDSREUH]D

'H DFXHUGR FRQ OD EDVH 6,6%(1 DFWXDOL]DGD D HQHUR GH VROR HO GH ORV QLxRVUHJLVWUDGRV HQWUH ORV \ DxRV QLYHOHV , D ,9 DVLVWtD D DOJ~Q SURJUDPD GH DWHQFLyQ D ODSULPHUDLQIDQFLD(OHUDQDWHQGLGRVSRUHO,&%)HQDOJXQDGHVXVPRGDOLGDGHV\HOUHVWRHQJXDUGHUtDVR MDUGLQHVGHO VHFWRUSULYDGR XRILFLDO /DDWHQFLyQHQ ODV]RQDVXUEDQDV GH DFXHUGR FRQ OD (QFXHVWD GH &DOLGDG GH 9LGD GH HV FDVL HO GREOH GH ODREVHUYDGDHQODV]RQDVUXUDOHVGRQGHPiVGHOGHODDWHQFLyQHVWiDFDUJRGHO,&%)/DEDMD DVLVWHQFLD VH H[SOLFD VyOR SDUFLDOPHQWH SRU UD]RQHV GH RIHUWD VHJ~Q UHVXOWDGRV GH ODPLVPDHQFXHVWDHOGHORVSDGUHVSUHILHUHQTXHHOPHQRUQRDVLVWDRFRQVLGHUDQTXHQRVHHQFXHQWUD HQ HGDG SDUD KDFHUOR \ HO OR DWULEX\HURQ D OD DXVHQFLD GH XQD LQVWLWXFLyQFHUFDQD

$XQTXHODFDOLGDGGHHVWDVPRGDOLGDGHVQRKDVLGRHYDOXDGDHQIRUPDVLVWHPiWLFDKDH[LVWLGROD WHQGHQFLDDFRQFHQWUDUVHHQDFFLRQHVGHSURWHFFLyQ \FXLGDGR\ QRHV IUHFXHQWHHQFRQWUDUHVWUDWHJLDVHGXFDWLYDVHVWUXFWXUDGDVTXHVHRULHQWHQDOGHVDUUROORFRJQLWLYR\SVLFRVRFLDOGHORVLQIDQWHV(OGHVDItRSDUDORVSUy[LPRVDxRVFRQVLVWHHQDPSOLDUODFREHUWXUDGHORVSURJUDPDVGH SURWHFFLyQ \ FXLGDGR RULHQWDGRV D DWHQGHU OD SREODFLyQ PiV SREUH 6,6%(1 , \ ,, HLQWHJUDU DHOORVXQFRPSRQHQWHGHHGXFDFLyQ LQLFLDO EDMRXQFRQFHSWR LQWHJUDOGHGHVDUUROORLQIDQWLO

0HWDVDWHQFLyQHGXFDWLYDDQLxRVGH\DxRV

3RUFHQWDMHGHQLxRVGH\ DxRVGHHGDG TXHDVLVWHDDOJ~QHVWDEOHFLPLHQWRHGXFDWLYR

)XHQWH&HQVRGH3REODFLyQ


(VWUDWHJLDVSDUDDXPHQWDUODFREHUWXUDGHODHGXFDFLyQLQLFLDOSDUDORVQLxRVGH\DxRV

$WHQFLyQ HGXFDWLYD D JUXSRV GH QLxRV GH \ DxRV EHQHILFLDULRV GH ORV SURJUDPDV GHDWHQFLyQDSULPHUD LQIDQFLDHQVXVGLVWLQWDVPRGDOLGDGHV+RJDUHV&RPXQLWDULRV -DUGLQHV&RPXQLWDULRV+RJDUHV,QIDQWLOHVJXDUGHUtDV\MDUGLQHVHQORVTXHQRVHLPSDUWHHGXFDFLyQSUHHVFRODU/DHVWUDWHJLDVHEDVDHQ ODFRQIRUPDFLyQGHHTXLSRVSHGDJyJLFRVTXHWUDEDMHQFRQMXQWDPHQWHFRQODVFXLGDGRUDVSDUDUHDOL]DUFRQORVQLxRVDFWLYLGDGHVTXHWHQJDQFRPRSURSyVLWR OD HVWLPXODFLyQ SDUD HO GHVDUUROOR SVLFRDIHFWLYR \ FRJQLWLYR GH ORV QLxRV$WHQGLHQGRD ODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHFDGDXQDGH ODVPRGDOLGDGHVH[LVWHQWHV HVWRVHTXLSRVUHDOL]DUiQ DFWLYLGDGHV TXHYDQ GHVGH OD YLVLWD SHULyGLFD D ORV+RJDUHV&RPXQLWDULRV XQDPDGUH \ XQ JUXSRGHQLxRV SDUD WUDEDMDU FRQ ORV QLxRV \ GDU RULHQWDFLRQHV D ODVPDGUHVFRPXQLWDULDVVREUHWDUHDVVHQFLOODVTXHSXHGHQSURPRYHUHOGHVDUUROORGHODVFRPSHWHQFLDVHVSHUDGDVKDVWD ODSUHVHQFLDSHUPDQHQWHGHHVWHHTXLSRHQ+RJDUHV0~OWLSOHV\*UXSDOHVHQGRQGHVHFRQFHQWUDXQPD\RUQ~PHURGHQLxRV\VHFXHQWDFRQPHMRUHVFRQGLFLRQHVGHLQIUDHVWUXFWXUD \ VHUYLFLRV GH DSR\R (VWH WLSR GH RUJDQL]DFLyQ HV OD TXH RIUHFHPHMRUHVSRVLELOLGDGHVSDUDHODFRPSDxDPLHQWRSHGDJyJLFRSHUPDQHQWH/DLPSOHPHQWDFLyQGHHVWRVSURJUDPDV VH KDUi GH DFXHUGR FRQ FULWHULRV WpFQLFRV HVWDEOHFLGRV FRQMXQWDPHQWH HQWUH HO,&%) \ HO 0LQLVWHULR GH (GXFDFLyQ \ FRQIRUPH D PHFDQLVPRV GH FRRUGLQDFLyQ TXH VHHVWDEOH]FDQHQHOQLYHOORFDO

(GXFDFLyQ D ODV IDPLOLDV ODV iUHDV UXUDOHV GLVSHUVDV \ ]RQDV PDUJLQDOHV HQ ODV TXH VHGLILFXOWH HO DFFHVR D DOJ~Q SURJUDPD GH DWHQFLyQ VHUiQ FXELHUWDV FRQ SURPRWRUHVSHGDJyJLFRVDWUDYpVGHUHXQLRQHVSHULyGLFDVDODVTXHDVLVWLUiQSDGUHVHKLMRVSDUDUHFLELURULHQWDFLRQHVSUiFWLFDVVREUHDFWLYLGDGHVGHHVWLPXODFLyQTXHSXHGHQUHDOL]DUHQHOKRJDU

(Q ODV ]RQDV XUEDQDV HQ ODV TXH H[LVWD RIHUWD GH FDOLGDG VH FRQWUDWDUi HO VHUYLFLR FRQHQWLGDGHVSULYDGDVTXHRIUH]FDQXQSDTXHWHFRPSOHWRGHVHUYLFLRV,PSOLFDIRUWDOHFHUSDSHOUHJXODGRUGHO,&%)FRQMXQWDPHQWHFRQHO0(1HQFXDQWRDFDOLGDGGHVHUYLFLRVDVtFRPRORVPHFDQLVPRVSDUDODHYDOXDFLyQ\FRQWURO

&XDOTXLHUDVHDODPRGDOLGDGRODPH]FODGHHOODVHVGHVHDEOHTXHORVSURJUDPDVGHDWHQFLyQLQIDQWLOFXHQWHQFRQXQOLGHUD]JRXQLILFDGRORPiVFHUFDQRSRVLEOHDODVFRPXQLGDGHVORFDOHVSUHIHULEOHPHQWHHQORVPXQLFLSLRVELHQVHDHQVHFUHWDUtDVGHHGXFDFLyQRILFLQDVPXQLFLSDOHVRVHFUHWDUtDVGHGHVDUUROORVRFLDOTXHFRRUGLQHORVHVIXHU]RVGHODVGLVWLQWDVLQVWLWXFLRQHVDVtFRPR ODV IXHQWHV GH ILQDQFLDFLyQ 7DPELpQ GHEHUiQ WHQHU XQD UHJXODFLyQ ~QLFD TXH VHDDSOLFDGDSRUORVGLVWLQWRVRSHUDGRUHV\TXHVHDODEDVHVREUHODFXDOVHDGHODQWHQHYDOXDFLRQHVH[WHUQDVGHFRQWURO\GHUHVXOWDGRV

(GXFDFLyQSUHHVFRODU EiVLFD\PHGLDSDUDWRGRV

(Q &RORPELD OD HGXFDFLyQ HV REOLJDWRULD HQWUH ORV \ ORV DxRV \ DEDUFD XQ JUDGRREOLJDWRULR GH SUHHVFRODU \ GH HGXFDFLyQ EiVLFD /D XQLYHUVDOL]DFLyQ GH OD HVFRODULGDGREOLJDWRULDKDVLGRXQDSULRULGDGGHORVJRELHUQRVQDFLRQDO\WHUULWRULDOHVGHVGHODH[SHGLFLyQ


GH OD &RQVWLWXFLyQ GH OR TXH VH UHIOHMD SULQFLSDOPHQWH HQ HO PHMRUDPLHQWR GH ORVLQGLFDGRUHV GH DVLVWHQFLD HVFRODU \ FREHUWXUD(QWUH \ OD DVLVWHQFLD GH ORV QLxRVHQWUH\DxRVSDVyGHD\SDUDORVQLxRV\MyYHQHVHQWUHORV\ORVDxRVVHLQFUHPHQWy GHD1RREVWDQWH HVWRV DXPHQWRV VXEVLVWHQ GLILFXOWDGHV TXH LPSLGHQDOFDQ]DUODFREHUWXUDXQLYHUVDOODLQVXILFLHQFLDGHRIHUWDHGXFDWLYDHQSDUWLFXODUHQSUHHVFRODU\HGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ]RQDVUXUDOHVSRUXQDSDUWH\SRURWUDODVDOWDVWDVDVGHGHVHUFLyQTXH DIHFWDQ FDGD DxR D GH FDGD DOXPQRV PDWULFXODGRV TXH DXQTXH HV XQ SRUFHQWDMHDSDUHQWHPHQWH EDMR UHYHOD OD UHDOLGDG GH ORV PLO QLxRV \ MyYHQHV TXH DQXDOPHQWHDEDQGRQDQHOVLVWHPDHGXFDWLYRSRUFDXVDVHFRQyPLFDVGHVPRWLYDFLyQRIUDFDVR

,QFUHPHQWRVHQODRIHUWDHGXFDWLYDSXHGHQLQIOXLUIDYRUDEOHPHQWHVREUHODDVLVWHQFLDSHURQRVRQVXILFLHQWHVVLQRVHOHVFRPELQDFRQPHGLGDVHQFDPLQDGDVDFRQWUDUUHVWDUODVGLILFXOWDGHVHFRQyPLFDVGHODVIDPLOLDV\HOIUDFDVRHVFRODU(QHVWH~OWLPRFDVRHVSHUWLQHQWHGLVPLQXLUORVDOWRVJUDGRVGHH[WUDHGDGTXHVHSUHVHQWDQHQODHGXFDFLyQSULPDULDTXHH[SOLFDQSRUTXpODVFREHUWXUDVHQHVWHQLYHOVRQVXSHULRUHVDOTXHDODODUJDDIHFWDQODSHUFHSFLyQTXHORVHVWXGLDQWHVWLHQHQGHVXFDSDFLGDG\VXDXWRHVWLPD\SXHGHQREOLJDUORVDGHVHUWDU&RORPELDFXHQWD FRQ XQ UHSHUWRULR GH PRGHORV HGXFDWLYRV IOH[LEOHV GH FDOLGDG \ SHUWLQHQFLDFRPSUREDGDTXHHQHOSDVDGRKDQKHFKRSRVLEOHGDUFREHUWXUDHQ]RQDVUXUDOHVFRQSREODFLyQGLVSHUVD \ DWHQGHU JUXSRV GH QLxRV \ MyYHQHV HQ VLWXDFLyQ LUUHJXODU SDUD TXLHQHV OD RIHUWDHGXFDWLYDFRQYHQFLRQDOQRHVDGHFXDGD

7DEOD0RGHORVIOH[LEOHVGHHGXFDFLyQSUHHVFRODUEiVLFD\PHGLD

1LYHO 0RGHOR *UDGRV 2EMHWLYR

3UHHVFRODU3UHHVFRODU

HVFRODUL]DGR\QRHVFRODUL]DGR

7UDQVLFLyQ*UDGR

(VWLPXODUHOGHVDUUROORItVLFRFRJQRVFLWLYR\DIHFWLYRFRQHOILQGHSUHYHQLUSUREOHPDVGHDOWRFRVWRVRFLDOFRPRODUHSLWHQFLD\ODGHVHUFLyQ6HJ~QODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVVRFLDOHVFXOWXUDOHVRJHRJUiILFDVGHODSREODFLyQDDWHQGHUVHXWLOL]DQHVWUDWHJLDVHVFRODUL]DGDVVHPLHVFRODUL]DGDVRQRHVFRODUL]DGDV(QFXDOTXLHUFDVRUHVXOWDIXQGDPHQWDOHOSDSHOGHORVSDGUHVGHIDPLOLDRDJHQWHVGLQDPL]DGRUHVTXLHQHVDSR\DQHOWUDEDMRGHOGRFHQWH

(VFXHOD1XHYD D

2IUHFHUORVFLQFRJUDGRVGHODEiVLFDSULPDULDHQHVFXHODVPXOWLJUDGRFRQXQRRGRVPDHVWURV(VWHPRGHORIXHDMXVWDGRDODVQHFHVLGDGHV\FRQGLFLRQHVFXOWXUDOHVGHODVSREODFLRQHVDIURGHVFHQGLHQWHVHQ%iVLFD3ULPDULD

$FHOHUDFLyQGHO$SUHQGL]DMH

R~OWLPRVJUDGRVGHSULPDULD

$WHQGHU OD SREODFLyQ HQ H[WUDHGDG TXH QR KDWHUPLQDGR OD EiVLFD SULPDULD \ TXH VDEH OHHU \HVFULELU 3HUPLWH QLYHODU OD EiVLFD SULPDULD HQDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHXQDxROHFWLYR

3RVWSULPDULD

%iVLFD6HFXQGDULD 7HOHVHFXQGDULD

*UDGRV D

2UJDQL]DU ODV VHGHV HGXFDWLYDV HQ UHGHV SDUD TXHPHGLDQWH SURFHVRV DFWLYRV SDUWLFLSDWLYRV \ IOH[LEOHVHQ XQD GH HOODV XQ PDHVWUR RULHQWH FDGD JUDGRLQGHSHQGLHQWHPHQWH GHO iUHD 7HOHVHFXQGDULD VHGLIHUHQFLD HQ TXH XWLOL]D PDWHULDOHV DXGLRYLVXDOHV799+6 \ HQ DOJXQRV GHSDUWDPHQWRV ORV FDQDOHVUHJLRQDOHV


1LYHO 0RGHOR *UDGRV 2EMHWLYR

&$)$0

6(5

&LFOR+DVWD&LFOR\&LFOR\&LFOR\&LFOR&LFOR

%iVLFD\0HGLDMyYHQHV\DGXOWRV

6$7

&LFORD&LFORD&LFOR&LFOR

0RGHORVQRHVFRODUL]DGRVFRQKRUDULRV\FDOHQGDULRVIOH[LEOHVFLFORVOHFWLYRVDUWLFXODGRVDXQDLQVWLWXFLyQHGXFDWLYD \ YLQFXODGRV FRQ VX 3UR\HFWR (GXFDWLYR,QVWLWXFLRQDO3(,(OSULPHUFLFORGH&$)$0\6(5DEDUFDODDOIDEHWL]DFLyQGHORVMyYHQHV\DGXOWRV

(QWUHSDUpQWHVLVVHHQFXHQWUDHODxRGHLQLFLRGHFDGDPRGHOR

(VWRVPRGHORV FX\D FDOLGDGKD VLGR HYLGHQFLDGD HQ HYDOXDFLRQHV UHFLHQWHV \ TXH HQ FLHUWRVFDVRVVHH[WLHQGHQKDVWDHOQLYHOGHPHGLDFRQVWLWX\HQODEDVHVREUHODFXDOHVSRVLEOHSHQVDUHQ XQLYHUVDOL]DU HQ HO PHGLDQR SOD]R OD HGXFDFLyQ EiVLFD VHFXQGDULD 3RU VX SDUWH ODH[SHULHQFLD IDYRUDEOH GHO SURJUDPD )DPLOLDV HQ $FFLyQ TXH HQWUHJD VXEVLGLRV HQ GLQHUR DIDPLOLDVGHO6,6%(1RGHVSOD]DGDVSRU OD YLROHQFLD VXJLHUHQTXHHODSR\RHFRQyPLFRHVXQDDOWHUQDWLYDYLDEOHSDUDSURPRYHU ODUHWHQFLyQHVFRODU+DVWDMXQLRGHHVWHSURJUDPDKDEtD EHQHILFLDGR D PLO PHQRUHV HQWUH \ DxRV TXH VH HQFXHQWUDQ HVWXGLDQGR HQSULPDULD R VHFXQGDULD (QWUH ORV LPSDFWRV SUHOLPLQDUHV GHO SURJUDPD VH HQFRQWUy XQ HIHFWRSRVLWLYR HQ ODV WDVDV GH DVLVWHQFLD HVFRODU GH QLxRV HQWUH \ DxRV \ WDVDV GH GHVHUFLyQLQIHULRUHVHQORVPXQLFLSLRVEHQHILFLDULRV

$XQTXH OD HGXFDFLyQ REOLJDWRULD HQ&RORPELD QR LQFOX\H OD PHGLD H[LVWHQ IXHUWHV UD]RQHVSDUD EXVFDU VX XQLYHUVDOL]DFLyQ /DV RSRUWXQLGDGHV GH ODV SHUVRQDV HVWiQ FDGD YH] PiVGHWHUPLQDGDV SRU ORV DxRV GH HVFRODULGDG FXUVDGRV \ OD HGXFDFLyQ PHGLD HV XQ UHTXLVLWRQHFHVDULR SDUD WHQHU DFFHVR D QLYHOHV VXSHULRUHV GH IRUPDFLyQ R SDUD GHVHPSHxDUVH HQ HOPXQGRODERUDO$XQTXHODFREHUWXUDHQHVWHQLYHOWDPELpQVHKDLQFUHPHQWDGRHQORV~OWLPRVDxRVODGHVHUFLyQUHGXFHVLJQLILFDWLYDPHQWHODGHPDQGD\ODRIHUWDHVOLPLWDGDHQODV]RQDVUXUDOHV,QFUHPHQWDUVLJQLILFDWLYDPHQWHODWDVDGHFREHUWXUDEUXWDHQHGXFDFLyQPHGLDSDUDHOVyORVHUiSRVLEOHVLVHPHMRUDVLJQLILFDWLYDPHQWHODUHWHQFLyQHQORVQLYHOHVDQWHULRUHV\VL HV SHUFLELGD SRU ORV HVWXGLDQWHV \ SRU ODV IDPLOLDV FRPR XQD HGXFDFLyQ SHUWLQHQWH HQWpUPLQRVGHORVKRUL]RQWHVTXHDEUHDORVMyYHQHV

'HDFXHUGRFRQOD(QFXHVWDGH&DOLGDGGH9LGDGHKD\PLOMyYHQHVHQWUHORV\DxRVTXHQRDVLVWHQ D XQD LQVWLWXFLyQ HGXFDWLYD 'H HOORV WDQ VROR HO WHUPLQy HO QLYHO GH PHGLD (O UHVWDQWH FRUUHVSRQGHDMyYHQHVTXHQRWLHQHQQLQJ~QQLYHOGHHGXFDFLyQTXHDOFDQ]DURQODSULPDULDRD~QOHVIDOWDFRQFOXLUOD\WLHQHQDOJ~QJUDGRGHODVHFXQGDULD6HJ~QODPLVPDIXHQWHGHOWRWDOGHODSREODFLyQGHHVHJUXSRWDQVyORPLOHODVLVWHDDOJ~QFXUVRGHIRUPDFLyQSDUDHOWUDEDMR


0HWDVGHFREHUWXUDGHEiVLFD\PHGLD

0HWDV $XPHQWDU ODFREHUWXUDEUXWDHQ7UDQVLFLyQ(GXFDFLyQ%iVLFD3ULPDULD(GXFDFLyQ%iVLFD6HFXQGDULD(GXFDFLyQ0HGLD

$XPHQWDU ODFREHUWXUDQHWDHQHGXFDFLyQEiVLFD

'LVPLQXLU ODGHVHUFLyQHQ7UDQVLFLyQ%iVLFDSULPDULD%iVLFDVHFXQGDULD0HGLD

'LVPLQXLU ODU HSHWLFLyQHQHGXFDFLyQEiVLFD\PHGLD7UDQVLFLyQ

,QFUHPHQWDU ORVDxRVSURPHGLRGHHVFRODU LGDGGHODSREODFLyQHQWUH\DxRV DxRV DxRV DxRV DxRV

5HGXFLU ODWDVDGHDQDOIDEHWLVPRGHSHU VRQDVGH\PiVDxRV

5HGXFLU ODWDVDGHDQDOIDEHWLVPRGHSHU VRQDVHQWU HORVDxRV

(VWUDWHJLDVSDUDPHMRUDUODFREHUWXUDGHODHGXFDFLyQSUHHVFRODUEiVLFD\PHGLD

$PSOLDFLyQGH ODRIHUWD FRQSULRULGDGHQ ODV]RQDV UXUDOHV \ SDUD ORV QLYHOHVGH WUDQVLFLyQEiVLFDVHFXQGDULD\PHGLD5HTXLHUH

2IUHFHUHOJUDGRREOLJDWRULRGHSUHHVFRODUHQWRGRVORVFHQWURVHGXFDWLYRVRILFLDOHV\ SULYDGRV WDQWR HQ ]RQDV UXUDOHV FRPR XUEDQDV \ HVWDEOHFHU ORV PHFDQLVPRV GHFRQWLQXLGDGTXH VHDQ QHFHVDULRV SDUD TXH ORV EHQHILFLDULRV GH ODVPRGDOLGDGHV GHHGXFDFLyQ LQLFLDO LQJUHVHQ D HVWH QLYHO ([LJH OD H[LVWHQFLD GH VLVWHPDV GHLQIRUPDFLyQ TXH SXHGDQ DUWLFXODUVH TXH SHUPLWDQ D ODV DXWRULGDGHV ORFDOHVGHSDUWDPHQWRV\PXQLFLSLRVFHUWLILFDGRV LGHQWLILFDURSRUWXQDPHQWH ORVQLxRVTXHDQXDOPHQWHGHPDQGDUiQFXSRVHQWUDQVLFLyQ

$PSOLDUODRIHUWDGHHGXFDFLyQEiVLFDVHFXQGDULD\PHGLDHQ]RQDVUXUDOHVPHGLDQWHOD H[SDQVLyQ GHPRGDOLGDGHV IOH[LEOHV \ VHPLHVFRODUL]DGDV TXH VH DGHFXHQ D ODV

(VWDWDVDUHVXOWDGHGLYLGLUORVPDWULFXODGRVGHVGHWUDQVLFLyQKDVWDQRYHQRJUDGRFRQHGDGHVHQWUHORV\DxRVSRUODSREODFLyQWRWDOHQHVWHUDQJRGHHGDG 3DUD HO FiOFXOR GH ORV LQGLFDGRUHV GH HILFLHQFLD LQWHUQD WDVD GH GHVHUFLyQ \ UHSLWHQFLD QR VH FRQVLGHUy ODLQIRUPDFLyQVREUHHGXFDFLyQGHDGXOWRV3DUDHOFiOFXORGHODGHVHUFLyQLQWUDDQXDOVHXWLOL]yHOUHSRUWHGHHOFXiOFRUUHVSRQGHDODSURPRFLyQGH)XHQWH(QFXHVWD&RQWLQXDGH+RJDUHV/DOtQHDGHEDVHSDUDORVGRVLQGLFDGRUHVVREUHDQDOIDEHWLVPRSURYLHQHGHO&HQVRGH3REODFLyQ


FRQGLFLRQHV GH GLVSHUVLyQ GH OD SREODFLyQ \ D VXV UHTXHULPLHQWRV HVSHFtILFRV HQFXDQWRDFDOHQGDULR\MRUQDGDHVFRODU

$PSOLDU OD FDSDFLGDG GH ODV LQVWLWXFLRQHV HGXFDWLYDV RILFLDOHV DPSOLDFLyQFRQVWUXFFLyQ GH QXHYDV VHGHV SDUD DEVRUEHU HOPD\RU Q~PHUR GH HVWXGLDQWHV TXHUHVXOWHGHXQDPD\RUUHWHQFLyQ\SURPRFLyQ

8WLOL]DU OD FDSDFLGDG H[FHGHQWH HQ HVWDEOHFLPLHQWRV SULYDGRV GH HGXFDFLyQPHGLDQWH OD FRQWUDWDFLyQ GHO VHUYLFLR GH DFXHUGR FRQ FULWHULRV TXH JDUDQWLFHQ ODFDOLGDG GH OD RIHUWD (VWD HVWUDWHJLD VXSRQH HO HVWDEOHFLPLHQWR GH LQFHQWLYRV TXHFRQWULEX\DQD ODFUHDFLyQ\RDPSOLDFLyQGHRIHUWDSULYDGDHQHVSHFLDOHQFHQWURVXUEDQRV WDOHV FRPR FUpGLWRV SDUD LQIUDHVWUXFWXUD \ FRQYHQLRV TXH DVHJXUHQ D ORVRSHUDGRUHVXQIOXMRHVWDEOHGHHVWXGLDQWHVSRUXQSHUtRGRGHWLHPSRGHWHUPLQDGR

([WHQGHU GHO XVR GH PRGHORV IOH[LEOHV D QLxRV \ MyYHQHV KDVWD ORV DxRV TXHQXQFD VH YLQFXODURQ DO VLVWHPD HGXFDWLYR R TXH GHVHUWDURQ WHPSUDQDPHQWH SRUUD]RQHVHFRQyPLFDVGHGHVSOD]DPLHQWRLQWHUQRRYLQFXODFLyQDOFRQIOLFWRDUPDGR,PSOLFD SRQHU HQ PDUFKD PHFDQLVPRV GH E~VTXHGD DFWLYD GH HVWD SREODFLyQ DVtFRPR DFFLRQHV GLULJLGDV D PRWLYDU VX SDUWLFLSDFLyQ FRQMXQWDPHQWH FRQ DJHQFLDVHVWDWDOHV ,&%) 5HG GH 6ROLGDULGDG 6RFLDO PXQLFLSLRV \ RUJDQL]DFLRQHV QRJXEHUQDPHQWDOHVLQYROXFUDGDV

$FFLRQHVSDUDSURPRYHUODUHWHQFLyQGHORVHVWXGLDQWHVHQHOVLVWHPDWDOHVFRPR

2IUHFHUDSR\RVDORVHVWXGLDQWHVSDUDSURPRYHUVXLQJUHVR\SHUPDQHQFLDHQHOVLVWHPDHGXFDWLYRSXHGHWUDWDUVHGHHQWUHJDSRUXQSHUtRGRGHWLHPSRGHILQLGRGHVXEVLGLRVHQGLQHURDODVIDPLOLDVRDORVMyYHQHVFRQHOILQGHGLVPLQXLUODGHVHUFLyQSRUYLQFXODFLyQWHPSUDQD DO PHUFDGR ODERUDO R GH VHUYLFLRV UHJXODUHV GH WUDQVSRUWH \ DOLPHQWDFLyQHVFRODUTXHPRWLYHQODHVFRODUL]DFLyQ\ODSHUPDQHQFLD

(VWDEOHFHUPHFDQLVPRVGHVHJXLPLHQWRDFDGpPLFR\GHDVLVWHQFLDHVFRODUFRQHOILQGHLGHQWLILFDU HVWXGLDQWHV HQ ULHVJR GHGHVHUWDU \ RIUHFHU ORV DSR\RV TXH VHDQ QHFHVDULRVDSR\RDFDGpPLFRWUDQVSRUWHDOLPHQWDFLyQRULHQWDFLyQ

0HMRUDUODSURPRFLyQHQWUHORVJUDGRV\QLYHOHVPHGLDQWHDFFLRQHVRULHQWDGDVD

$VHJXUDUODFRQWLQXLGDGHQWUHODHGXFDFLyQLQLFLDO\HOJUDGRREOLJDWRULRGHSUHHVFRODUDVt FRPR HQWUH OD EiVLFD SULPDULD \ VHFXQGDULDPHGLDQWH FRQYHQLRV LQWHUVHFWRULDOHV HLQWHJUDFLyQGHODRIHUWDHGXFDWLYDHQHOQLYHOORFDO

'HDFXHUGRFRQOD(QFXHVWDGH&DOLGDGGH9LGDGHKD\PLOORQHVGHMyYHQHVHQWUHORV\DxRVTXHQRDVLVWHQDXQDLQVWLWXFLyQHGXFDWLYD'HHOORVHOFRUUHVSRQGHDSHUVRQDVTXHQRKDQFRPSOHWDGR ODVHFXQGDULDODSULPDULDRTXHQRWLHQHQHGXFDFLyQ


,PSOHPHQWDU SURJUDPDV GH QLYHODFLyQ GLULJLGRV D HVWXGLDQWHV FRQ R PiV DxRV GHH[WUDHGDGWDQWRHQSULPDULDFRPRHQVHFXQGDULD\GHDFXHUGRFRQODVHVSHFLILFLGDGHVGHOD]RQDUXUDO\XUEDQD

0D\RUHVRSRU WXQLGDGHVSDUDHODFFHVRDODHGXFDFLyQVXSHU LRU

8QD PD\RU GHPDQGD SRU HGXFDFLyQ VXSHULRU KD FRPHQ]DGR D JHQHUDUVH HQ HO SDtV FRPRUHVXOWDGRGHOPD\RUDFFHVR\SURPRFLyQGHORVHVWXGLDQWHVHQODHGXFDFLyQEiVLFD\PHGLD\GHORVUHTXHULPLHQWRVGHODHFRQRPtDSRUSHUVRQDVFRQPD\RUQLYHOGHHVFRODULGDG6DWLVIDFHUHVWDGHPDQGD\DOFDQ]DUODPHWDGHFREHUWXUDHQHVWHQLYHOVLJQLILFDXQHVIXHU]RSRUDPSOLDU\GLYHUVLILFDU ODRIHUWDGHIRUPDTXH ORVHJUHVDGRVGH ODPHGLDHQFXHQWUHQRSRUWXQLGDGHVSDUDFRQWLQXDUVXVHVWXGLRVFHUFDGHVXOXJDUGHUHVLGHQFLD\GHFXUVDUSURJUDPDVTXHVHDGHFXHQDODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHXQDGHPDQGDGLYHUVD(QWUH\ODWDVDGHFREHUWXUDEUXWDGHODHGXFDFLyQ VXSHULRU UHJLVWUy XQ DXPHQWR VLJQLILFDWLYR DTXH DXQTXH FRPSDUDEOHFRQHOSURPHGLRUHJLRQDO HV WRGDYtD LQIHULRUD ODGHSDtVHVFRPR$UJHQWLQD\&KLOHTXHHQUHSRUWDURQWDVDVGH\UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH

&RORPELD KD DYDQ]DGR PXFKR HQ OD FRQVWUXFFLyQ GH XQD QRFLyQ GH HGXFDFLyQ VXSHULRUFRQIRUPDGD SRU XQD RIHUWD GLYHUVD TXH QR VH OLPLWD D OD HGXFDFLyQ XQLYHUVLWDULD WtWXORSURIHVLRQDO VLQR TXH VH H[WLHQGH D OD HGXFDFLyQ WpFQLFD \ WHFQROyJLFD FX\D GHPDQGD HVFUHFLHQWH SRU SDUWH GHO VHFWRU SURGXFWLYR 6H WUDWD GH XQ DYDQFH LPSRUWDQWH KDFLD ODGHPRFUDWL]DFLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQHQHVWHQLYHOUHVHUYDGDSRUPXFKRWLHPSRDXQRVSRFRV\DVXDGHFXDFLyQDORVUHTXHULPLHQWRVGHODHFRQRPtD1RREVWDQWHODRIHUWDHGXFDWLYDQRUHIOHMDWRGDYtDHVWHFDPELR\ODPD\RUSDUWHGHODPDWUtFXODYUVFRUUHVSRQGHDSURJUDPDVXQLYHUVLWDULRV6HWUDWDGHXQDRIHUWDDOWDPHQWHFRQFHQWUDGDHQDOJXQDV]RQDVGHOSDtVHQHOGHORVSURJUDPDVWpFQLFRVSURIHVLRQDOHV\WHFQROyJLFRV\HOGHORVXQLYHUVLWDULRVHUDQRIUHFLGRVHQ%RJRWi$QWLRTXLD\9DOOH

6HSUHVHQWDQDGHPiVUHVWULFFLRQHVGHGHPDQGD6LELHQODWDVDGHDEVRUFLyQGHORVEDFKLOOHUHVHQ IXHGHOHQHVHDxRVyORHOGHTXLHQHV LQJUHVDURQD ODHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRUSURYHQtDQGHORVWUHVGHFLOHVPiVSREUHVGHODSREODFLyQ\HOGHORVGHFLOHVLQWHUPHGLRV0XFKRV HVWXGLDQWHV WLHQHQ GLILFXOWDGHV SDUD LQJUHVDU D OD HGXFDFLyQ VXSHULRU \ SDUDSHUPDQHFHUHQHOODELHQVHDSRUIDOWDGHUHFXUVRVRSRUGLILFXOWDGHVDFDGpPLFDV/DDOWtVLPDGHVHUFLyQ TXH VH SUHVHQWD HQ OD HGXFDFLyQ VXSHULRU TXH HQ OOHJy DO VH H[SOLFDSULQFLSDOPHQWH SRU HO IUDFDVR DFDGpPLFR \ SRU UD]RQHV HFRQyPLFDV TXH DIHFWDQ D ORVHVWXGLDQWHV PiV SREUHV 6RQ VLWXDFLRQHV SUHRFXSDQWHV VL VH WLHQH HQ FXHQWD TXH ODVRSRUWXQLGDGHVODERUDOHV\HOLQJUHVRIXWXURGHORVHJUHVDGRVGHHGXFDFLyQPHGLDGHSHQGHQHQEXHQDSDUWHGHTXHSXHGDQREWHQHUODVFDOLILFDFLRQHVH[LJLGDVSDUDGHVHPSHxDUVHH[LWRVDPHQWH

(VWHHVXQ LQGLFDGRUGHFRKRUWH3HUPLWHGHWHUPLQDUHOQ~PHURGHHVWXGLDQWHVTXHVHJUDG~DQDSDUWLUGHORVHVWXGLDQWHVTXHLQJUHVDQHQXQPLVPRSHUtRGR8QHVWXGLRUHDOL]DGRHQ,(6VHHQFRQWUyTXHODYXOQHUDELOLGDGDFDGpPLFDHVHOSULQFLSDOGHWHUPLQDQWHGHODGHVHUFLyQ HQ HGXFDFLyQ VXSHULRU HQ ORV SULPHURV DxRV GH OD FDUUHUD /RV KDOOD]JRV LQGLFDQ TXH OD RULHQWDFLyQYRFDFLRQDO \ SURIHVLRQDO WLHQHQ XQ URO GHWHUPLQDQWH HQ OD SHUPDQHQFLD GH ORV HVWXGLDQWHV \ TXH HO DSR\RILQDQFLHURVHHQFRQWUyTXHWLHQHXQLPSDFWRSRVLWLYRVREUHODUHWHQFLyQHQHVSHFLDODSDUWLUGHOTXLQWRVHPHVWUH


HQDFWLYLGDGHVHFRQyPLFDVFDGDYH]PiVH[LJHQWHVHQFXDQWRDODSUHSDUDFLyQGHORVUHFXUVRVKXPDQRV

(VWDVWHQGHQFLDVKDQFRPHQ]DGRDYDULDUJUDFLDVDODLPSOHPHQWDFLyQGHXQSURJUDPDPDVLYRGHFUpGLWRHGXFDWLYR$&&(6GLULJLGRDORVHVWXGLDQWHVSURYHQLHQWHVGHIDPLOLDVFRQEDMRVLQJUHVRV D OD DSHUWXUD GH&HQWURV5HJLRQDOHV GH(GXFDFLyQ6XSHULRU &(5(6 HQPiV GHPXQLFLSLRVGHOSDtV\DUHFLHQWHVSURJUDPDVGHDSR\RSDUDHOIRUWDOHFLPLHQWRGHODRIHUWDWpFQLFD \ WHFQROyJLFD DVt FRPR D XQD UHJXODFLyQ PiV IOH[LEOH TXH SHUPLWH HO GLVHxR GHSURJUDPDV GH IRUPDFLyQ SRU FLFORV (VWDV HVWUDWHJLDV KDQ FRQWDGR FRQ HO DSR\R GH ODVLQVWLWXFLRQHVGHHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRUTXHYHQHQHOODV ODRSRUWXQLGDGSDUDFRQVWUXLUXQDRIHUWDPiVSHUWLQHQWHGHDWUDHU\UHWHQHUPiVHVWXGLDQWHVFRQHODSR\RGHQXHYDVWHFQRORJtDV\ ORVDYDQFHV GH OD HGXFDFLyQ YLUWXDO $ OD IHFKD VH KDQ FUHDGR &(5(6 GH ORV FXiOHV VHHQFXHQWUDQHQIXQFLRQDPLHQWR\KDQJHQHUDGRQXHYRVFXSRVDWUDYpVGHODRIHUWDGHSURJUDPDVDFDGpPLFRVGHORVFXDOHVVRQWpFQLFRV\WHFQROyJLFRV

0HWDVGHDPSOLDFLyQGHFREHUWXUDGHHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRU

0HWDV $XPHQWDU FREHU WXUDGHHGXFDFLyQVXSHU LRU 8QLYHUVLWDULD7pFQLFD\7HFQROyJLFD

&RPSRVLFLyQGHODPDWUtFXODGHHGXFDFLyQVXSHU LRU 8QLYHUVLWDULD7pFQLFD\7HFQROyJLFD

GHPXQLFLSLRVFRQHVWXGLDQWHVPDWU LFXODGRVHQODVGLIHUHQWHVPRGDOLGDGHVGH HGXFDFLyQVXSHU LRU

$XPHQWDU DFFHVRGHODSREODFLyQPiVSREUH6LVEHQ PDWU LFXODGDHQODHGXFDFLyQVXSHU LRU

'LVPLQXLU GHODGHVHUFLyQHQODHGXFDFLyQVXSHU LRU &RKRU WH

6HJ~QFiOFXORVGHOD0LVLyQSDUDOD5HGXFFLyQGHOD3REUH]D\OD'HVLJXDOGDG053'GHO'13XQPD\RUQLYHOHGXFDWLYRGHODSREODFLyQHQORVSULPHURVGHFLOHVGHLQJUHVRLQFLGLUiVREUHODUHGXFFLyQGH ODLQIRUPDOLGDGXUEDQD\XQDO]DVXVWDQFLDOHQORVLQJUHVRVODERUDOHVGHORVWUDEDMDGRUHV7DPELpQWUDHUiFRQVLJRPHMRUDVHQODGLVWULEXFLyQGHOLQJUHVRODSDUWLFLSDFLyQGHORVGHFLOHVDHQHOLQJUHVRGHORVKRJDUHVFDVLHQHOVHHOHYDUtDDOHQHOHQYH]GHFDHUDO /RV&(5(6 VRQ XQD DOLDQ]D HQ OD TXH SDUWLFLSDQ HO*RELHUQR OD VRFLHGDG FLYLO HO VHFWRU SURGXFWLYR \ ODDFDGHPLDFRQHOSURSyVLWRGHJHQHUDURSRUWXQLGDGHVGHDFFHVRD ODHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRUHQ]RQDVHQGRQGHQRH[LVWH RIHUWD GH HVWH QLYHO 8Q &(5(6 HVWi GRWDGR FRQ LQIUDHVWUXFWXUD WHFQROyJLFD GH LQIRUPDFLyQ \FRPXQLFDFLyQ /RV SURJUDPDV VRQ RIUHFLGRV SRU GLIHUHQWHV LQVWLWXFLRQHV GH HGXFDFLyQ VXSHULRU XWLOL]DQGRUHFXUVRVFRPSDUWLGRV


(VWUDWHJLDVSDUDLQFUHPHQWDUODFREHUWXUDGHODHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRU

2WRUJDU FUpGLWR HGXFDWLYR D HVWXGLDQWHV SDUD FXUVDU SURJUDPDV GH HGXFDFLyQ VXSHULRU HQLQVWLWXFLRQHV S~EOLFDV R SULYDGDV /RV UHFXUVRV VH GHVWLQDUiQ SULRULWDULDPHQWH D ODILQDQFLDFLyQGHFDUUHUDVWpFQLFDV\WHFQROyJLFDV\DHVWXGLDQWHVSURYHQLHQWHVGHIDPLOLDVGHEDMRV LQJUHVRVTXH UHFLELUiQDGHPiVGH ORV UHFXUVRVGH ODPDWUtFXODXQD VXPDDGLFLRQDOSDUDVRVWHQLPLHQWR/RVUHFXUVRVSURYHQGUiQHQVXPD\RUtDGHO,&(7(;DVtFRPRGHODV(QWLGDGHV 7HUULWRULDOHV &DMDV GH&RPSHQVDFLyQ &RRSHUDWLYDV \ HO VHFWRU SULYDGR HQWUHRWURV

'HVFRQFHQWUDU OD RIHUWD GH HGXFDFLyQ VXSHULRU PHGLDQWH OD DSHUWXUD GH SURJUDPDV GHHGXFDFLyQ D ORV TXH VH SXHGD WHQHU DFFHVR GHVGH FXDOTXLHU PXQLFLSLR GHO SDtV ,PSOLFDHQWUHRWURVDODUHJLRQDOL]DFLyQGHODRIHUWDH[LVWHQWHEODLPSOHPHQWDFLyQGHPHGLRVQRFRQYHQFLRQDOHV HQ HVSHFLDO OD HGXFDFLyQ YLUWXDO SDUD PXQLFLSLRV DSDUWDGRV \ F ODFUHDFLyQGHQXHYRVSURJUDPDVPHGLDQWHDOLDQ]DV HQWUH LQVWLWXFLRQHVHGXFDWLYDVHQWLGDGHVWHUULWRULDOHV\VHFWRUSURGXFWLYRFRPRODVTXHKDQVXUJLGRSDUDODFUHDFLyQGHORV&(5(6

,PSOHPHQWDU OD IRUPDFLyQSRUFLFORVTXHSHUPLWDFRPELQDUSHUtRGRVGHHVWXGLR \ WUDEDMRFRQ SRVLELOLGDGGH REWHQHU FHUWLILFDFLRQHV LQWHUPHGLDV YLQFXODGDV FRQ VDOLGDV ODERUDOHV \TXHFRQGX]FDQ HYHQWXDOPHQWHDODREWHQFLyQGHOWtWXORSURIHVLRQDO

5HGXFLU OD GHVHUFLyQPHGLDQWH DFFLRQHV FRPELQDGDV GH DSR\R HFRQyPLFR \ DFDGpPLFR DHVWXGLDQWHV FRQ GLILFXOWDGHV \ PHMRUD GH ODV SUiFWLFDV SHGDJyJLFDV GH ORV GRFHQWHV GHSUHJUDGR(VWD HVWUDWHJLD H[LJH DPHMRUDU ODV FRPSHWHQFLDV SDUD LQJUHVR D OD HGXFDFLyQPHGLDQWHHOHVWDEOHFLPLHQWRGHSURJUDPDVGHWUDQVLFLyQHQWUHODPHGLD\HOSULPHUDxR\HOWUDEDMR FRQMXQWR HQWUH LQVWLWXFLRQHV GH HGXFDFLyQ PHGLD \ VXSHULRU E PHMRUDU ODSUHSDUDFLyQ SHGDJyJLFD GH ORV GRFHQWHV HQ HVWH QLYHO F EULQGDU DSR\RV DFDGpPLFRV \VRFLRDIHFWLYRVD ORVHVWXGLDQWHVHQPD\RUULHVJRGHGHVHUWDU\GSURSRUFLRQDUVXEVLGLRVGHVRVWHQLPLHQWR\RSRUWXQLGDGHVGHJHQHUDFLyQGHLQJUHVRSDUDORVHVWXGLDQWHVPiVSREUHV

,,81$('8&$&,1'(&$/,'$'

$PSOLDUODFREHUWXUDGHORVVHUYLFLRVHGXFDWLYRV\PHMRUDUODVRSRUWXQLGDGHVSDUDHODFFHVRGHORVPiVSREUHV QRHV VXILFLHQWH([LVWHFRQVHQVRHQFXDQWRD ODQHFHVLGDGGHFRQFHQWUDU ORVHVIXHU]RV GH ORV SUy[LPRV DxRV HQ OD JHQHUDFLyQ GH FRQGLFLRQHV SDUD TXH ORV HVWXGLDQWHVUHFLEDQXQDHGXFDFLyQGHFDOLGDG3RUFDOLGDGVHHQWLHQGHODFDSDFLGDGGHOVLVWHPDSDUDORJUDUTXHWRGRVRODJUDQPD\RUtDGHORVHVWXGLDQWHVDOFDQFHQQLYHOHVVDWLVIDFWRULRVGHFRPSHWHQFLDVSDUD UHDOL]DU VXV SRWHQFLDOLGDGHV SDUWLFLSDU HQ OD VRFLHGDG HQ LJXDOGDG GH FRQGLFLRQHV \GHVHPSHxDUVHVDWLVIDFWRULDPHQWHHQHOPXQGRSURGXFWLYR

5HVSHWDQGR OD SDUWLFXODULGDG GH FDGD XQR GH ORV QLYHOHV HO VLVWHPD HGXFDWLYR FRORPELDQRFRPSDUWHGHVGHHOSUHHVFRODU KDVWD OD HGXFDFLyQ VXSHULRUXQDFRQFHSFLyQXQLILFDGD VREUH ORTXHHVODFDOLGDGGHODHGXFDFLyQDVtFRPRVREUHORVPHFDQLVPRVSDUDDOFDQ]DUOD(VWDYLVLyQ


SDUWH GH OD LGHD GH TXH HO SURSyVLWR GH ORV SURFHVRV HGXFDWLYRV HV HO GHVDUUROOR GH XQDVFRPSHWHQFLDVGHILQLGDVHQXQ QLYHO FUHFLHQWHGHFRPSOHMLGDG\HVSHFLDOL]DFLyQ(OJUDGRGHGHVDUUROOR GH HVWDV FRPSHWHQFLDV VH YHULILFDPHGLDQWH HYDOXDFLRQHV SHULyGLFDV TXHSHUPLWHQHVWDEOHFHU TXp WDQ FHUFD VH HVWi GH ORJUDU ORV REMHWLYRV SURSXHVWRV \ GLVHxDU DFFLRQHV SDUDPHMRUDU /DV LQVWLWXFLRQHV HGXFDWLYDV VRQ ODV SULQFLSDOHV UHVSRQVDEOHV GHO PHMRUDPLHQWRPHGLDQWH ODDSOLFDFLyQGHSURFHVRVDXWyQRPRVGHJHVWLyQHVWUXFWXUDGRV LQWHQFLRQDOPHQWHHQIXQFLyQGHREMHWLYRVFRQRFLGRVSRUWRGRV

8QVLVWHPDHGXFDWLYRDU WLFXODGR DOUHGHGRU GHOGHVDU U ROORGHFRPSHWHQFLDV

8QD FRPSHWHQFLD SXHGH GHILQLUVH FRPR XQ VDEHUKDFHU IOH[LEOH TXH SXHGH DFWXDOL]DUVH HQGLVWLQWRV FRQWH[WRV R WDPELpQ FRPR OD FDSDFLGDG GH XVDU ORV FRQRFLPLHQWRV HQ VLWXDFLRQHVGLIHUHQWHVGHDTXHOODVHQ ODVTXHVHDSUHQGLHURQ,PSOLFD ODFRPSUHQVLyQGHOVHQWLGRGHFDGDDFWLYLGDGDVtFRPRGHVXVLPSOLFDFLRQHVpWLFDVVRFLDOHVHFRQyPLFDV\SROtWLFDV

/R TXH HQ ~OWLPDV VH EXVFD FRQ HO SURFHVR HGXFDWLYR HV HO GHVDUUROOR GH XQ FRQMXQWR GHFRPSHWHQFLDV FX\D FRPSOHMLGDG \ HVSHFLDOL]DFLyQ FUHFH HQ OD PHGLGD HQ TXH VH DOFDQ]DQPD\RUHVQLYHOHVGHHGXFDFLyQFRPRVHYLVXDOL]DHQHO*UiILFR/DQRFLyQGHFRPSHWHQFLDKLVWyULFDPHQWH UHIHULGDDOFRQWH[WR ODERUDO KDHQULTXHFLGRVX VLJQLILFDGRHQHOPXQGRGH ODHGXFDFLyQHQGRQGHHVHQWHQGLGDFRPRVDEHUKDFHUHQVLWXDFLRQHVFRQFUHWDVTXHUHTXLHUHQODDSOLFDFLyQFUHDWLYDIOH[LEOH\UHVSRQVDEOHGHFRQRFLPLHQWRVKDELOLGDGHV\DFWLWXGHV

/DV FRPSHWHQFLDV VRQ WUDQVYHUVDOHV D ODV iUHDV GHO FXUUtFXOR \ GHO FRQRFLPLHQWR $XQTXHJHQHUDOPHQWHVHGHVDUUROODQ D WUDYpVGHO WUDEDMR FRQFUHWRHQXQDRPiViUHDV VHHVSHUDTXHVHDQ WUDQVIHULGDVDGLVWLQWRViPELWRVGHODYLGDDFDGpPLFDVRFLDO \ODERUDO

/DVFRPSHWHQFLDVEiVLFDVVRQHOIXQGDPHQWRVREUHHOFXDOVHFRQVWUX\HQDSUHQGL]DMHVDOR ODUJR GH OD YLGD 6RQ SULQFLSDOPHQWH FRPSHWHQFLDV FRPXQLFDWLYDV FRPSUHQGHU \SURGXFLU WH[WRV HVFULWRV \ KDEODGRV \ XWLOL]DU OHQJXDMHV VLPEyOLFRV FRPSHWHQFLDVPDWHPiWLFDVIRUPXODU\UHVROYHUSUREOHPDVXVDQGRFRQFHSWRVQXPpULFRVJHRPpWULFRV \PHGLGDV HVWDGtVWLFDV \ FRPSHWHQFLDV FLHQWtILFDV IRUPXODU \ FRPSUREDU KLSyWHVLV \PRGHODUVLWXDFLRQHVQDWXUDOHV\VRFLDOHVXWLOL]DQGRDUJXPHQWRVFLHQWtILFRV5HFLHQWHPHQWHHO FRQFHSWR GH FRPSHWHQFLDV EiVLFDV VH KD H[WHQGLGR D OD FRPXQLFDFLyQ HQ OHQJXDH[WUDQMHUD\DOPDQHMREiVLFRGHFRPSXWDGRUHV\WHFQRORJtDVGHODLQIRUPDFLyQ

/DVFRPSHWHQFLDVFLXGDGDQDV VRQHOFRQMXQWRGHKDELOLGDGHVFRJQLWLYDV HPRFLRQDOHV \FRPXQLFDWLYDV FRQRFLPLHQWRV \ DFWLWXGHV TXH DUWLFXODGRV HQWUH Vt KDFHQ SRVLEOH TXH HOFLXGDGDQR DFW~H GH PDQHUD FRQVWUXFWLYD HQ OD VRFLHGDG GHPRFUiWLFD 3HUPLWHQ TXH ORVFLXGDGDQRV FRQWULEX\DQ DFWLYDPHQWH D OD FRQYLYHQFLD SDFtILFD SDUWLFLSHQUHVSRQVDEOHPHQWH\UHVSHWHQ\YDORUHQODSOXUDOLGDG\ODVGLIHUHQFLDVWDQWRHQVXHQWRUQRFHUFDQRFRPRHQVXFRPXQLGDG

/DV FRPSHWHQFLDV ODERUDOHV VRQ HO FRQMXQWR GH FRQRFLPLHQWRV KDELOLGDGHV \ DFWLWXGHVSURSLRV GH ODV GLVWLQWDV iUHDV GHO FRQRFLPLHQWR TXH DSOLFDGDV R GHPRVWUDGDV HQ_DFWLYLGDGHVGHODSURGXFFLyQRGHORVVHUYLFLRVVHWUDGXFHQHQUHVXOWDGRVTXHFRQWULEX\HQ


DO ORJUR GH ORV REMHWLYRV GH XQD RUJDQL]DFLyQ R XQ QHJRFLR 6RQ JHQHUDOHV FXDQGR VHUHTXLHUHQ HQ FXDOTXLHU VHFWRU R DFWLYLGDG HFRQyPLFD \ HVSHFtILFDV FXDQGR DSOLFDQ DFRQWH[WRVTXHUHTXLHUHQFRQRFLPLHQWRVHVSHFLDOL]DGRV

*UiILFR'HVDUUROORGHFRPSHWHQFLDVDORODUJRGHORVGLVWLQWRVQLYHOHVHGXFDWLYRV

(OGHVDUUROORGH ODVFRPSHWHQFLDVEiVLFDV\FLXGDGDQDVHVWiHQHOFHQWURGHOTXHKDFHUGH ODVLQVWLWXFLRQHVHGXFDWLYDVGHVGHHOSUHHVFRODU\FRQVWLWX\HHOQ~FOHRFRP~QGHORVFXUUtFXORVHQWRGRV ORVQLYHOHVHGXFDWLYRV/DVFRPSHWHQFLDV ODERUDOHVJHQHUDOHV VH LQWHJUDQDHVWHQ~FOHRFRP~QGHVGHODHGXFDFLyQEiVLFDVHFXQGDULD\ODVHVSHFtILFDVVRQSURSLDVGHOQLYHOVXSHULRU\GHODFDSDFLWDFLyQODERUDO/RVFXUUtFXORVSRUFRPSHWHQFLDVKDFHQSRVLEOHODLQWHJUDFLyQGHORVGLVWLQWRVQLYHOHVHGXFDWLYRVDVtFRPRODVGLYHUVDVRIHUWDVLQVWLWXFLRQDOHVEDMRXQFRQFHSWRGHGHHGXFDFLyQSHUPDQHQWHTXHVHLQLFLDHQODSULPHUDLQIDQFLD\FRQWLQ~DDORODUJRGHODYLGDDXQGHVSXpVGHTXHORVLQGLYLGXRVILQDOL]DQVXHVFRODUL]DFLyQ

/DVFRPSHWHQFLDVQRVRQWRWDOPHQWHLQGHSHQGLHQWHVGHORVFRQWHQLGRVWHPiWLFRVGHXQiPELWRGHO VDEHUTXp GHO VDEHUFyPR GHO VDEHUSRUTXpR GHO VDEHUSDUDTXp&DGD FRPSHWHQFLDUHTXLHUH PXFKRV FRQRFLPLHQWRV KDELOLGDGHV GHVWUH]DV FRPSUHQVLRQHV DFWLWXGHV \GLVSRVLFLRQHVHVSHFtILFDVGHOGRPLQLRGHTXHVHWUDWD6LQHOORVXQDSHUVRQDQRHVUHDOPHQWHFRPSHWHQWH

&RPSHWHQFLDV(GXFDFLyQSDUDOD9LGD(Q(GXFDFLyQ6XSHULRU%ROHWtQ,QIRUPDWLYR1RRFWXEUH GLFLHPEUH

('8&$&,112)250$/


(O HQIRTXH GH FRPSHWHQFLDV FRQWULEX\H D OD SHUWLQHQFLD GH OD HGXFDFLyQ 6XSHUDGD ODFRQFHSFLyQGHODSUHQGL]DMHFHQWUDGRHQODPHPRUL]DFLyQGHLQIRUPDFLyQDGTXLHUHLPSRUWDQFLDHOGHVDUUROORGHODFDSDFLGDGGHODVSHUVRQDVSDUDPDQHMDUGLFKDLQIRUPDFLyQHQIXQFLyQGHODDGTXLVLFLyQGHOFRQRFLPLHQWR\VXDSOLFDFLyQDVLWXDFLRQHVGHODH[SHULHQFLDSHUVRQDOVRFLDO\ODERUDO

&RPSRQHQWHVGHXQDHVWUDWHJLDGHFDOLGDG

(VWiQGDUHVGHFDOLGDG

8Q HVWiQGDUHVXQFULWHULRFODUR\S~EOLFRTXHSHUPLWHMX]JDUVLXQHVWXGLDQWHRXQDLQVWLWXFLyQFXPSOHQ FRQ XQDV H[SHFWDWLYDV FRPXQHV GH FDOLGDG )UHQWH D OD OLEHUWDG TXH OD OHJLVODFLyQFRORPELDQD RWRUJD D ORV HVWDEOHFLPLHQWRV HGXFDWLYRV SDUD GHILQLU HQ IRUPD DXWyQRPD HOFXUUtFXOR\ ORVSODQHVGHHVWXGLR\D ODDXWRQRPtDTXHJR]DQ ODV LQVWLWXFLRQHVGHHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRU HV LPSRUWDQWH HVWDEOHFHU OR TXH VH HVSHUD TXH WRGRV ORV HVWXGLDQWHV ORJUHQ FRPRUHVXOWDGRGHVXH[SHULHQFLDHGXFDWLYD

/RV HVWiQGDUHV EiVLFRV GH FRPSHWHQFLD FRQVWLWX\HQ HO SDUiPHWUR GH OR TXH WRGRV ORVHVWXGLDQWHVGHEHQVDEHU\VDEHUKDFHUSDUDORJUDUHOQLYHOGHFDOLGDGHVSHUDGRHQFDGDXQRGHORVQLYHOHVHGXFDWLYRV\ VRQHOFULWHULRFRQWUDHOFXDOHVSRVLEOHHVWDEOHFHUHQTXpPHGLGDVHFXPSOHQ ORVREMHWLYRVGHO VLVWHPDHGXFDWLYR \ VL ODV LQVWLWXFLRQHVGHHGXFDFLyQDOFDQ]DQ ORVUHVXOWDGRVTXHVHHVSHUDQGHHOODV&RORPELDKDDGRSWDGR\DHVWiQGDUHVGHFRPSHWHQFLDSDUDOD HGXFDFLyQ EiVLFD \ PHGLD HQ ORV FDPSRV GH OHQJXDMH PDWHPiWLFDV FLHQFLDV VRFLDOHV \QDWXUDOHV\FLXGDGDQtDDORVTXHSUy[LPDPHQWHVHVXPDUiQRWURVFDPSRVSUHHVFRODU LQJOpVWHFQRORJtD H LQIRUPiWLFD (VWRV HVWiQGDUHV KDQ VLGR DPSOLDPHQWH GLIXQGLGRV SDUD TXH ODVLQVWLWXFLRQHV HGXFDWLYDV GLVHxHQ FRQ EDVH HQ HOORV VXV FXUUtFXORV SODQHV GH HVWXGLR \HVWUDWHJLDVSHGDJyJLFDV\GHHYDOXDFLyQHQHODXOD

([LVWHQWDPELpQHVWiQGDUHVTXHHVWDEOHFHQODVFRQGLFLRQHVPtQLPDVSDUDJDUDQWL]DUXQVHUYLFLRHGXFDWLYR GH FDOLGDG 6RQ HVWiQGDUHV GH RSRUWXQLGDGHV SDUD DSUHQGHU R HVWiQGDUHVLQVWLWXFLRQDOHVTXHDXQTXHQRVHUHODFLRQDQGLUHFWDPHQWHFRQORVUHVXOWDGRVGHORVHVWXGLDQWHVILMDQORVFULWHULRVGHFDOLGDGGHORVLQVXPRVORVDJHQWHVORVSURFHVRV\ORVDPELHQWHVTXHVRQQHFHVDULRVJDUDQWL]DUSDUDTXHVHDOFDQFHQR VXSHUHQ ORVHVWiQGDUHV EiVLFRVGHFDOLGDG&RQEDVHHQHVWRVHVWiQGDUHVVHKDLPSOHPHQWDGRHO VLVWHPDGHFDOLGDGGHODHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRU

/DHYDOXDFLyQ GHFRPSHWHQFLDV

/D HYDOXDFLyQ SHULyGLFD GH UHVXOWDGRV GH DSUHQGL]DMH HV OD PDQHUD FRPR VH YHULILFD VL ORVHVWXGLDQWHVDOFDQ]DQHVWiQGDUHVGHFRPSHWHQFLD(VXQLQVWUXPHQWRPX\SRWHQWHSXHVUHFRJH\GHYXHOYHLQIRUPDFLyQVREUHHOGHVHPSHxRGHORVDOXPQRV\SHUPLWHLGHQWLILFDUORVDYDQFHV\ORV DVSHFWRV VREUH ORV FXDOHV HV QHFHVDULR KDFHU pQIDVLV SDUD PHMRUDU 7DPELpQ VLUYH SDUDLQIRUPDUDODVRFLHGDGVREUHHOHVWDGRGHODHGXFDFLyQHQHOSDtV\SRUHVDYtDUHQGLUFXHQWDV


VREUH OD JHVWLyQ GH ORV GLVWLQWRV DFWRUHV LQYROXFUDGRV HO JRELHUQR QDFLRQDO ORV JRELHUQRVWHUULWRULDOHV\ ODVLQVWLWXFLRQHVHGXFDWLYDV

/DVPHGLFLRQHV SHULyGLFDV VH LQLFLDURQ HQ&RORPELDGHVGH ORV DxRV \ KDQ HYROXFLRQDGRKDVWDHOSXQWRGHHYDOXDUFDGDXQDGHODVLQVWLWXFLRQHVHGXFDWLYDVRILFLDOHV\SULYDGDVGHOSDtVHQ WRGRV ORV QLYHOHV HGXFDWLYRV /DV SUXHEDV 6$%(5 TXH HQ OD DFWXDOLGDG VH DSOLFDQFHQVDOPHQWHHQORVJUDGRV\GDQFXHQWDGHORVUHVXOWDGRVGHORVHVWXGLDQWHVHQFXDQWRDVXV FRPSHWHQFLDV EiVLFDV \ FLXGDGDQDV(O H[DPHQGH(VWDGR TXH VH DSOLFD HQ HO JUDGR SHUPLWH VLPXOWiQHDPHQWH HYDOXDU HVWDV FRPSHWHQFLDV \ HVWDEOHFHU HQ TXp FRQGLFLRQHV VHHQFXHQWUDQORVHVWXGLDQWHVIUHQWHDORVUHTXHULPLHQWRVSDUDHOLQJUHVRDODHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRU3RU VX SDUWH ORV ([iPHQHV GH &DOLGDG GH OD (GXFDFLyQ 6XSHULRU (&$(6 VLUYHQ SDUDFRPSUREDUHOJUDGRGHGHVDUUROORGHODVFRPSHWHQFLDVGHORVHVWXGLDQWHVTXHFXUVDQHO~OWLPRDxRHQORVSURJUDPDVDFDGpPLFRVGHSUHJUDGR

(OXVRTXHVHGpDORVUHVXOWDGRVGH ODVPHGLFLRQHVHV WDQ LPSRUWDQWHFRPR ODVHYDOXDFLRQHVPLVPDV3RFRVHORJUDFRQDSOLFDUSUXHEDVVL ORVUHVXOWDGRVQRVHGHYXHOYHQRSRUWXQDPHQWHDODV LQVWLWXFLRQHV HGXFDWLYDV HQ IRUPD FRPSUHQVLEOH SDUD TXH GRFHQWHV GLUHFWLYRV \FRPXQLGDGHVSXHGDQLGHQWLILFDU ODVIDOHQFLDV\SURSRQHUVHPHWDVGHPHMRUDPLHQWR&RORPELDKDDYDQ]DQGRVLJQLILFDWLYDPHQWHHQHVWHSURSyVLWR(OGHVDItRFRQVLVWHHQTXHHVWRVUHVXOWDGRVVHDQ XWLOL]DGRV SRU ODV LQVWLWXFLRQHV SDUD IRUPXODU VXV SODQHV \ PRYLOLFHQ OD SDUWLFLSDFLyQLQIRUPDGD GH HVWXGLDQWHV SDGUHV GH IDPLOLD HPSUHVDULRV PHGLRV GH FRPXQLFDFLyQFRPXQLGDGHVDFDGpPLFDV\RUJDQL]DFLRQHVVRFLDOHV

/DVFRQGLFLRQHVLQVWLWXFLRQDOHVDVHJXUDPLHQWRGHODFDOLGDG\PHMRUDPLHQWRFRQWLQXR

/DUHVSRQVDELOLGDGSRUHO ORJURGH ORVUHVXOWDGRVUHFDHVREUH ODV LQVWLWXFLRQHVHGXFDWLYDVHQGRQGH JUXSRV RUJDQL]DGRV GH GRFHQWHV EDMR XQ OLGHUD]JR GHILQLGR \ FRQ HO DSR\R GH ODFRPXQLGDG HGXFDWLYD FRPELQDQ LQWHQFLRQDOPHQWH UHFXUVRV \ HVWUDWHJLDV GH DFXHUGR FRQ XQSODQGH DFFLyQGHILQLGR/D LPSOHPHQWDFLyQH[LWRVDGHXQFLFORGH FDOLGDGGHSHQGH HQJUDQSDUWHGHODFDSDFLGDGGHORVFHQWURVHGXFDWLYRVSDUDIRUPXODUHMHFXWDU\KDFHUVHJXLPLHQWRDORV UHVXOWDGRVGH VXVSODQHV'LFKDFDSDFLGDGVH FRQVWUX\HHQ HO WLHPSRPHGLDQWHSURFHVRVFRQWLQXRVGHPHMRUDPLHQWR\IRUWDOHFLPLHQWRLQVWLWXFLRQDO\SXHGHOOHJDUDVHUDFUHGLWDGDSRUDJHQWHVH[WHUQRVDWHQGLHQGRDSDUiPHWURVREMHWLYRV

(OpQIDVLVGHODVSROtWLFDVSDUDHOPHMRUDPLHQWRGHODFDOLGDGGHODHGXFDFLyQSUHHVFRODUEiVLFD\PHGLDKDHVWDGRHQODFRQVWUXFFLyQGHSUR\HFWRV LQVWLWXFLRQDOHV\SODQHVGHPHMRUDPLHQWR/D/H\GHRWRUJyDODVLQVWLWXFLRQHVHGXFDWLYDVDXWRQRPtDSDUDIRUPXODUXQSUR\HFWRHGXFDWLYR SURSLR *UDFLDV D HVWRV SUR\HFWRV ODV LQVWLWXFLRQHV SXHGHQ FRQVWUXLU XQD YLVLyQFRPSDUWLGDVREUHVXPLVLyQVXVYDORUHV\VREUHHOWLSRGHHGXFDFLyQFRQHOTXHVHHQFXHQWUDQFRPSURPHWLGDV3RUVXSDUWHORVSODQHVGHPHMRUDPLHQWRVRQXQLQVWUXPHQWRGLQiPLFRTXHDSDUWLU GHO VHJXLPLHQWR SHUPDQHQWH GH ORV UHVXOWDGRV IRUPXOD HVWUDWHJLDV SDUD HO FRUWR \PHGLDQRSOD]RV


(Q OD HGXFDFLyQ VXSHULRU VH KD SULYLOHJLDGR OD QRFLyQ GH DVHJXUDPLHQWR GH OD FDOLGDGHQWHQGLGD FRPR HO FRQMXQWR GH DFFLRQHV RULHQWDGDV D SURPRYHU JHVWLRQDU \ PHMRUDUSHUPDQHQWHPHQWH OD FDOLGDG GH ODV LQVWLWXFLRQHV \ SURJUDPDV GH HGXFDFLyQ VXSHULRU \ VXLPSDFWR HQ OD IRUPDFLyQ GH ORV HVWXGLDQWHV (VWH GH SURFHVR LQFOX\H D OD GHILQLFLyQ \HYDOXDFLyQSHUPDQHQWHGHFRQGLFLRQHVPtQLPDVGHFDOLGDGGHSURJUDPDVHLQVWLWXFLRQHVEODGHILQLFLyQ \ HYDOXDFLyQ SHUPDQHQWH GH FRQGLFLRQHV PtQLPDV GH FDOLGDG GH SURJUDPDV HLQVWLWXFLRQHVFHOGHVDUUROORGHSURJUDPDVGHPHMRUDPLHQWRSDUDSURJUDPDVH LQVWLWXFLRQHVTXH QR VDWLVIDFHQ ODV FRQGLFLRQHV PtQLPDV \ G HO XVR GH HVWUDWHJLDV GH LQVSHFFLyQ \YLJLODQFLD SDUD JDUDQWL]DU OD DGHFXDGD SUHVWDFLyQ GHO VHUYLFLR HGXFDWLYR 7RGR OR DQWHULRUVXPDQGR D XQ VLVWHPD GH LQIRUPDFLyQ TXH SHUPLWH GLVPLQXLU ODV DVLPHWUtDV HQ HO DFFHVR DLQIRUPDFLyQVREUHFRVWRVFDOLGDGDEVRUFLyQODERUDO\GHPiVYDULDEOHVSHUWLQHQWHV

(QHO6LVWHPDGH&DOLGDGGHOD(GXFDFLyQ6XSHULRUODHYDOXDFLyQGHFRQGLFLRQHVPtQLPDVGHFDOLGDG \ OD $FUHGLWDFLyQ 9ROXQWDULD DSXQWDQ DO PLVPR REMHWLYR OD JDUDQWtD \ HOUHFRQRFLPLHQWR GH OD FDOLGDG \ SXHGHQ FRQVLGHUDUVH GRV PRPHQWRV GH XQ FRQWLQXR ODHYDOXDFLyQGHFRQGLFLRQHVPtQLPDVGHFDOLGDGFRQGXFHQWHDORTXHVHFRQRFHFRPR5HJLVWUR&DOLILFDGR GH 3URJUDPDV HV XQD HYDOXDFLyQ H[DQWH TXH KDFH pQIDVLV HQ ORV LQVXPRV \UHFXUVRV/DDFUHGLWDFLyQHQFDPELRDVXPHGHPDQHUDLQWHJUDOLQVXPRVSURFHVRV\SURGXFWRV\DXQTXHUHVXOWDGHXQDHYDOXDFLyQH[WHUQDXWLOL]DODDXWRHYDOXDFLyQFRPRSXQWRGHSDUWLGD(OVLVWHPDVHDOLPHQWDFRQLQIRUPDFLyQVREUHORVUHVXOWDGRVGHORVHVWXGLDQWHVHQORV(&$(6\HO2/(TXHGDQFXHQWD UHVSHFWLYDPHQWHGHOJUDGRGHGHVDUUROORGHVXVFRPSHWHQFLDV\ VXLQVHUFLyQHQHOPHUFDGRODERUDO

*UiILFR6LVWHPDVGHFDOLGDGGHOD(GXFDFLyQ6XSHULRU

5RD $OEHUWR +DFLD XQ0RGHOR GH $VHJXUDPLHQWR GH OD &DOLGDG HQ OD (GXFDFLyQ 6XSHULRU HQ &RORPELD(VWiQGDUHV%iVLFRV\$FUHGLWDFLyQGH([FHOHQFLDPLPHR(QZZZFQDJRYFRFRQWGRFXPHQWRVFRQVXOWDGRHOGHDEULOGH

&&$$//,,''$$'' 5(*,6752&$/,),&$'2&21',&,21(601,0$6

&21$&(6

66,,6677((00$$''((&&$$// ,,''$$''''((//$$((''88&&$$&&,,2211668833((55,,2255

)20(172

2/((

(&$(6

61,(66

$&5(',7$&,1'($/7$&$/,'$'

3URJUDPDV,QVWLWXFLRQHV&1$


/RVGHVDItRV

/RVSULQFLSDOHVGHVDItRVSDUDPHMRUDUODFDOLGDGGHODHGXFDFLyQFRORPELDQDVRQDORJUDUTXHORV HVWXGLDQWHV GH WRGRV ORV QLYHOHV GHPXHVWUHQ XQ JUDGR VDWLVIDFWRULR GH GHVDUUROOR GH VXVFRPSHWHQFLDV EiVLFDV FLXGDGDQDV \ ODERUDOHV GH DFXHUGR FRQ HVWiQGDUHV HVWDEOHFLGRV EFHUUDUODVEUHFKDVTXHKR\H[LVWHQHQWUH]RQDVUXUDOHV\XUEDQDVDVtFRPRHQWUHHVWXGLDQWHVGHGLVWLQWRV HVWUDWRV VRFLRHFRQyPLFRV F ORJUDU XQD WUDQVLFLyQ H[LWRVD GH ORV HVWXGLDQWHV GHHGXFDFLyQ PHGLD D OD HGXFDFLyQ VXSHULRU R D RWUDV RSRUWXQLGDGHV GH IRUPDFLyQ ODERUDO \JHQHUDFLyQGHLQJUHVRVGFRQVROLGDUPHFDQLVPRVTXHDVHJXUHQODFDOLGDGGHXQDHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRU HQ SOHQR SURFHVR GH H[SDQVLyQ H JHQHUDU XQD RIHUWD SHUWLQHQWH GH HGXFDFLyQVXSHULRUTXHGpUHVSXHVWDDORVUHTXHULPLHQWRVGHOGHVDUUROORHFRQyPLFR\VRFLDOIIRUWDOHFHUORVSURFHVRVGHSURGXFFLyQ\JHVWLyQGHOFRQRFLPLHQWRHQODVXQLYHUVLGDGHVJFRQVROLGDUDODDFUHGLWDFLyQ YROXQWDULD FRPR XQ SURFHVR GH FHUWLILFDFLyQ GH H[FHOHQFLD FRQ HVWiQGDUHVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHV

0HWDV\HVWUDWHJLDVSDUDHOPHMRU DPLHQWRGHODFDOLGDG

(GXFDFLyQSUHHVFRODU

$XQTXHWRGDYtDQRVHFXHQWDFRQXQVLVWHPDGHHYDOXDFLyQTXHPXHVWUHHOHVWDGRGHODFDOLGDGGH ODHGXFDFLyQGH ORVQLxRVPiVSHTXHxRV ODDOWDWDVDGHUHSLWHQFLDHQSULPHURGHSULPDULDWRWDO\ SDUDHOVHFWRURILFLDOHQHVXQVtQWRPDLQHTXtYRFRGHODVGHILFLHQFLDVHQ OD DWHQFLyQ GXUDQWH ORV SULPHURV DxRV GH YLGD /R DQWHULRU SXHGH VHU HO UHVXOWDGR GH ODHVFDVD FREHUWXUD GH VHUYLFLRV D HVWD SREODFLyQ DVt FRPRGHGHILFLHQFLDV HQ OD FDOLGDGGH ODDWHQFLyQ TXH UHFLEHQ ([LVWH XQD RIHUWD GLYHUVD TXH VH FDUDFWHUL]D HQ PXFKRV FDVRV SRUDXVHQFLDGHXQSUR\HFWRSHGDJyJLFRDVtFRPRGHPHGLRVHGXFDWLYRV\PDWHULDOHVSHUWLQHQWHV\GH EXHQD FDOLGDG 7DPSRFR VH KD FRQWDGR FRQ XQ VLVWHPD GH HYDOXDFLyQ TXH SHUPLWDGHWHUPLQDUVLORVQLxRVORJUDQORVQLYHOHVHVSHUDGRVHQVXGHVDUUROOR

/D DWHQFLyQ HGXFDWLYD SDUD HVWH JUXSRGH HGDG VH FHQWUDUi HQ HOGHVDUUROOR GH FRPSHWHQFLDVSDUDHOFXLGDGRGHOFXHUSRFRPXQLFDFLyQ\WUDEDMRFRQRWURVDWUDYpVGHOMXHJRFRPSUHQVLyQGH ODV LQWHUUHODFLRQHV VRFLDOHV \ H[SUHVLyQ VXV HPRFLRQHV XWLOL]DQGR HO OHQJXDMH DUWtVWLFR(OREMHWLYRQRHV~QLFDPHQWHSUHSDUDUDORVQLxRVSDUDODHVFRODULGDGIRUPDO/DHGXFDFLyQLQLFLDOGHEHSHUPLWLUOHVYLYLUH[SHULHQFLDVHQULTXHFHGRUDVDTXt\DKRUD\DWUDYpVGHHOODVVHQWDUODVEDVHVSDUDVXIXWXURGHVDUUROOR


0HWDVGHFDOLGDGSDUDODHGXFDFLyQSUHHVFRODU

3RUFHQWDMHGHQLxRVTXHFRQFOX\HQHOSULPHUJUDGRKDELHQGRDGTXLULGRODVFRPSHWHQFLDV

QG

3RUFHQWDMHGHUHSLWHQFLDHQHOSULPHUJUDGR

3RUFHQWDMHGHQLxRVPHQRUHVGHDxRVFXUVDQGR HOSULPHUJUDGR

(VWUDWHJLDVSDUDPHMRUDUODFDOLGDGGHODHGXFDFLyQLQLFLDO\SUHHVFRODU

$GRSWDUHVWiQGDUHVGHFRPSHWHQFLDSDUD ODDWHQFLyQHGXFDWLYDGH ORVQLxRVHQHVWHJUXSRGH HGDG FRPR UHIHUHQWH SDUD TXH ORV HGXFDGRUHV SXHGDQ RULHQWDU ORV SUR\HFWRVSHGDJyJLFRVDVtFRPRSDUDTXHORVSDGUHVIDPLOLDUHV\GHPiVPLHPEURVGHODFRPXQLGDGSXHGDQDSR\DUHOSURFHVRGHGHVDUUROORGH ORVQLxRV(VWRVHVWiQGDUHVFRPSOHPHQWDQ ORVH[LVWHQWHVSDUDODSURWHFFLyQ\FRQHOORVFRQIRUPDQORVHVWiQGDUHVEiVLFRVGHFDOLGDGSDUDODDWHQFLyQDODSULPHUDLQIDQFLD

,PSOHPHQWDU PRGHORV GH DWHQFLyQ HGXFDWLYD TXH SXHGDQ DSOLFDUVH HQ IRUPD IOH[LEOH HQFRQWH[WRVQRHVFRODUHVSRUHMHPSORYLVLWDVSHULyGLFDVDKRJDUHV\FHQWURVGHDWHQFLyQ

,PSOHPHQWDU OD HQWUHJD SHGDJyJLFD GH ORV QLxRV TXH LQJUHVDQ D WUDQVLFLyQ \ D SULPHURKDELHQGR FXUVDGR DOJ~Q JUDGR GH SUHHVFRODU (VWD HQWUHJD SHGDJyJLFD FRQVLVWH HQ ODHODERUDFLyQ GHXQ LQIRUPHGHO HVWDGRGH ODV FRPSHWHQFLDV GH FDGD QLxR DOPRPHQWR GHLQJUHVDUQRFRPRSUXHEDGHVHOHFFLyQVLQRFRPRYDORUDFLyQLQGLYLGXDOGHORVHVWXGLDQWHVGHIRUPDTXHVHGpFRQWLQXLGDGDOSURFHVRGHGHVDUUROORXQDYH]TXHHOQLxR LQJUHVHD ODHVFXHODIRUPDO

3URSRUFLRQDU KHUUDPLHQWDVPHWRGROyJLFDV \SHGDJyJLFDVSDUDTXH ORVGRFHQWHV\DJHQWHVHGXFDWLYRV UHDOLFHQ HO VHJXLPLHQWR GHO GHVDUUROOR GH FRPSHWHQFLDV HQ ORV QLxRV GHSUHHVFRODU

,PSOHPHQWDUXQDHYDOXDFLyQ GHFRPSHWHQFLDVTXHGHFXHQWDGHOGHVHPSHxRGHORVQLxRV DOFXOPLQDUHOSULPHUJUDGR

2ULHQWDUDORVSDGUHVGHIDPLOLD\SHUVRQDVTXHVHHQFDUJDQGHOFXLGDGRGHORVQLxRVVREUHORVREMHWLYRVGHODHGXFDFLyQHQHVWHQLYHODVtFRPRVREUHDFWLYLGDGHVTXHSXHGHQUHDOL]DUHQHOPHGLRIDPLOLDU\FRPXQLWDULRSDUDSURPRYHUHOGHVDUUROORGHODVFRPSHWHQFLDV/RVPHGLRVGHFRPXQLFDFLyQVRQXQYDOLRVRDOLDGRSDUDHVWDWDUHD

)RUPDU HGXFDGRUHV \ DJHQWHV HGXFDWLYRV TXH SXHGDQ GHVHPSHxDUVH HQ FRQWH[WRV GHHGXFDFLyQ IRUPDO \ QR IRUPDO 9LQFXODU OD SUiFWLFD GH ORV HVWXGLDQWHV GH QRUPDOHVSUHHVFRODUSVLFRORJtDWUDEDMRVRFLDODORVSURJUDPDVGHDWHQFLyQHGXFDWLYDGHORVQLxRV

(VWHLQGLFDGRUPXHVWUDODLQIRUPDFLyQSDUD5HVXOWDGHGLYLGLUORVPDWULFXODGRVHQSULPDULDPHQRUHVGHDxRVSRUHOWRWDOGHPDWULFXODGRVHQHOSULPHUJUDGR


(VWDEOHFHUDOLDQ]DVLQWHULQVWLWXFLRQDOHVSDUDJDUDQWL]DUODLPSOHPHQWDFLyQ\VRVWHQLELOLGDGGHODSROtWLFDHGXFDWLYDSDUDODSULPHUDLQIDQFLD

(VWDEOHFHUXQVLVWHPDGHDVHJXUDPLHQWRGHODFDOLGDGPHGLDQWHHOFXDOVHFHUWLILTXHD ORVSUHVWDGRUHVGHOVHUYLFLRFRQEDVHHQHVWiQGDUHV

0HMRUDPLHQWRGHODFDOLGDGGHODHGXFDFLyQEiVLFD\PHGLD

'H DFXHUGR FRQ LQIRUPDFLyQ GHO VLVWHPD GH HYDOXDFLyQ OD HGXFDFLyQ EiVLFD SUHVHQWD EDMRVQLYHOHV GH FDOLGDG /RV UHVXOWDGRV GH 6$%(5 HQ LQGLFDQ XQD EDMD FDSDFLGDG SDUDFRPSUHQGHU WH[WRV HVFULWRV \ DSUHQGHU GH HOORV \ XQD D~QPiV SUHRFXSDQWH GHILFLHQFLD SDUDUHVROYHUSUREOHPDVPDWHPiWLFRV \ FLHQWtILFRVFRPSOHMRVTXHFRPELQHQGRVRPiV YDULDEOHV([LVWHQJUDQGHV YDFtRVHQHOFRQRFLPLHQWR\ ODFRPSUHQVLyQGH ORV IHQyPHQRVVRFLDOHVGHOVHQWLGRGH ODV OH\HVDVt FRPRGH ODPDQHUDFRPR ODVDFFLRQHV LQGLYLGXDOHV LQFLGHQVREUH ODVRFLHGDGHQVXFRQMXQWR&RPSDUDGDFRQRWURVSDtVHV ODFDOLGDGGHODHGXFDFLyQFRORPELDQDPXHVWUDGHILFLHQFLDVFRQVLGHUDEOHV7DQWRHQHO7,066FRPRHQHO3,5/6 ORVUHVXOWDGRVGHORVHVWXGLDQWHVFRORPELDQRVHVWXYLHURQPX\SRUGHEDMRGHOSURPHGLRLQWHUQDFLRQDO

/RVUHVXOWDGRVVRQDGHPiVPX\GHVLJXDOHV([LVWHQGLIHUHQFLDVVLJQLILFDWLYDVHQWUHODV]RQDVUXUDOHV\XUEDQDVDVtFRPRHQWUHFHQWURVHGXFDWLYRVS~EOLFRV\SULYDGRV(VWDVGLIHUHQFLDVVRQPiVFUtWLFDV VLVHWLHQHHQFXHQWDTXH ORVHVWXGLDQWHVSURFHGHQWHVGH ODV IDPLOLDVPiVSREUHVVRQ TXLHQHV REWLHQHQ ORV SHRUHV UHVXOWDGRV OR TXH OLPLWD VHULDPHQWH VXV RSRUWXQLGDGHV GHLQJUHVRDODHGXFDFLyQ VXSHULRU\DOPHUFDGRODERUDOHQFRQGLFLRQHVIDYRUDEOHV

(O PHMRUDPLHQWR GH OD FDOLGDG GH OD HGXFDFLyQ QR GHSHQGH H[FOXVLYDPHQWH GH OD RSRUWXQDSURYLVLyQ GH UHFXUVRV \PDWHULDOHV QHFHVDULRV SDUD OD GRFHQFLD \ HO DSUHQGL]DMH(V OD WDUHDSULPRUGLDOGHODVLQVWLWXFLRQHVHGXFDWLYDVTXHFRPELQHQHVRVUHFXUVRVSDUDJHQHUDUDPELHQWHVSURSLFLRVSDUDTXHWRGRVORVHVWXGLDQWHVDSUHQGDQ\GHVSOLHJXHQVXVFDSDFLGDGHV(QHOPDUFRGHVXDXWRQRPtDSDUDIRUPXODUVXVSUR\HFWRVLQVWLWXFLRQDOHV\GHPHMRUDPLHQWRVHUiQHFHVDULRHQ ORV SUy[LPRV DxRV IRUWDOHFHU OD FDSDFLGDG GH ORV HTXLSRV HVFRODUHV SDUD HODERUDU HVWRVSODQHV\SDUDLQFOXLUHQHOORVHVWUDWHJLDVTXHHIHFWLYDPHQWHFRQGX]FDQDO ORJURGHUHVXOWDGRV(VWRUHTXLHUHODFUHDFLyQGHXQDFDSDFLGDGGHJHVWLyQTXHVHDSR\DHQODVFRPSHWHQFLDVGHODVSHUVRQDVSDUD LQWHUDFWXDUHIHFWLYDPHQWHHQ ODVRUJDQL]DFLRQHV OLGHUD]JRWUDEDMRHQHTXLSR \FRPSHWHQFLDSURIHVLRQDO

/DIRUPDFLyQGHORVGRFHQWHV\VXGHVDUUROORSURIHVLRQDODGTXLHUHQHQHVWHFRQWH[WRXQQXHYRVLJQLILFDGR$OLJXDOTXHRWUDVSURIHVLRQHVODGRFHQFLDHVWiVRPHWLGDDQXHYRVGHVDItRVGHELGRDODPXOWLSOLFDFLyQGHOFRQRFLPLHQWR\ DODLQIOXHQFLDFUHFLHQWHGHORVPHGLRVGHFRPXQLFDFLyQ\ODVWHFQRORJtDVGHODLQIRUPDFLyQ6HWUDWDGHGRFHQWHVFRPSHWHQWHVSDUDDSURPRYHUHQVXVDOXPQRVHODSUHQGL]DMHDXWyQRPRPHGLDQWHODXWLOL]DFLyQGHHVWUDWHJLDVSHGDJyJLFDVHIHFWLYDVOR TXH LPSOLFD FDSDFLGDG SDUD XWLOL]DU HQ IRUPD HIHFWLYD HO FRQRFLPLHQWR SHGDJyJLFRDFXPXODGRH LQFRUSRUDU ODVQHFHVLGDGHV\UHFXUVRVGHOHQWRUQR\E IXQFLRQDUHQXQQXHYRFRQWH[WR LQVWLWXFLRQDOFDUDFWHUL]DGRSRUOD LQWHUGHSHQGHQFLDGH ORVDFWRUHVTXHWUDEDMDQHQ OD

7,066 7HUFHU(VWXGLR ,QWHUQDFLRQDO HQ0DWHPiWLFDV \ &LHQFLDV \3,5/6 (VWXGLR ,QWHUQDFLRQDO VREUH HO3URJUHVRHQ&RPSUHQVLyQGHOD&RPSHWHQFLDHQ/HFWXUD


HVFXHOD (Q HO FRQWH[WR GH RUJDQL]DFLRQHV HVFRODUHV DXWyQRPDV \ UHVSRQVDEOHV SRU ORVUHVXOWDGRV HO GRFHQWH GHMD GH VHU XQ DFWRU DLVODGR FX\D ODERU VH FLUFXQVFULEH DO DXOD SDUDFRQYHUWLUVHHQPLHPEURDFWLYRGHXQDFRPXQLGDGGHDSUHQGL]DMHORTXHH[LJHHOGHVDUUROORGHFRPSHWHQFLDVSDUDUHODFLRQDUVXWUDEDMRFRQHOSUR\HFWRLQVWLWXFLRQDOFRPXQLFDUVHFRQRWURV\VROXFLRQDUSUREOHPDVHQJUXSR

7DPELpQGHEHUiQPHMRUDUVHFRQWLQXDPHQWH ORV VLVWHPDVGHHYDOXDFLyQSDUDTXHVHDSRVLEOHPHGLUFDGDYH]FRQPD\RUSUHFLVLyQHOGHVDUUROORGH ODVFRPSHWHQFLDV HQ IRUPDFRQVLVWHQWHFRQORVQXHYRVGHVDItRV\FRPSHWHQFLDVGHOVLVWHPDHGXFDWLYR8QDWHUFHUDWDUHDWLHQHTXHYHUFRQHOHVWDEOHFLPLHQWRGHORVPHFDQLVPRVGHDVHJXUDPLHQWRGHFDOLGDGRULHQWDGRVDFHUWLILFDURIHUWDGHVHUYLFLRVHGXFDWLYRV\GHDVLVWHQFLDWpFQLFD

$ ODV HVWUDWHJLDV H[SXHVWDV SDUD PHMRUDU OD FDOLGDG HV QHFHVDULR DxDGLU RWUDV HVSHFtILFDVGLULJLGDV D KDFHU OD HGXFDFLyQ PiV SHUWLQHQWH OR TXH LQFOX\H RIUHFHU RSRUWXQLGDGHV GHIRUPDFLyQ ODERUDO SHUR QR VH UHGXFH D HOOR (V QHFHVDULR FRQYHUWLU OD HGXFDFLyQ HQ XQDH[SHULHQFLD VLJQLILFDWLYD HQ Vt PLVPD TXH EULQGH D ORV HVWXGLDQWHV P~OWLSOHV RSRUWXQLGDGHVSDUDGHVDUUROODUVXSRWHQFLDO\UHIOH[LRQDUVREUHVXSUR\HFWRGHYLGD

0HWDVGHPHMRUDPLHQWRGHFDOLGDGGHODHGXFDFLyQSUHHVFRODUEiVLFD\PHGLD

0HWDV

HQQLYHOLQWHUPHGLR

HQQLYHOLQWHUPHGLR

HQQLYHOVXSHULRU

HQQLYHOVXSHULRU3URSRUFLyQGHHVWXGLDQWHVTXHFRPSUHQGHQ

XVDQ\UHIOH[LRQDQVREUHODLQIRUPDFLyQHVFULWDSDUDGLVWLQWRVSURSyVLWRV

HQQLYHOLQWHUPHGLR

HQQLYHOLQWHUPHGLR

HQQLYHOVXSHULRU

HQQLYHOVXSHULRU

HQQLYHOLQWHUPHGLRHQQLYHOLQWHUPHGLR

HQQLYHOVXSHULRU

HQQLYHOVXSHULRU3URSRUFLyQGHHVWXGLDQWHVTXHDQDOL]DQ\VROXFLRQDQSUREOHPDVPDWHPiWLFRVHQ

VLWXDFLRQHVYDULDGDVTXHDEDUTXHQFRQFHSWRVQXPpULFRVHVSDFLDOHV\HVWDGtVWLFRV HQQLYHOLQWHUPHGLR

HQQLYHOLQWHUPHGLR

HQQLYHOVXSHULRU

HQQLYHOVXSHULRU

HQQLYHOLQWHUPHGLRHQQLYHOLQWHUPHGLR

HQQLYHOVXSHULRU

HQQLYHOVXSHULRU

3URSRUFLyQGHHVWXGLDQWHVTXHXVDQGDWRV\FRQFHSWRVFLHQWtILFRVSDUDDQDOL]DU\H[SOLFDUIHQyPHQRVSODQWHDUKLSyWHVLV\FRQVWUXLUPRGHORV

HQQLYHOLQWHUPHGLR

HQQLYHOLQWHUPHGLR

HQQLYHOVXSHULRU

HQQLYHOVXSHULRU

3RUFHQWDMHGHLQVWLWXFLRQHVFODVLILFDGDVHQFDWHJRUtDGHGHVHPSHxRDOWRHQHOH[DPHQGH(VWDGR

&RPSDUDFLRQHVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHV3,6$7,066

5HVXOWDGRVHQODPHGLDUHJLRQDO\SRUGHEDMRGHODPHGLDLQWHUQDFLRQDO

6XSHUDUPHGLDUHJLRQDO\DFHUFDUVHD PHGLDLQWHUQDFLRQDO

/tQHD GH EDVH FRQVWUXLGD VHJ~Q UHVXOWDGRV 6$%(5 (O SRUFHQWDMH HVSHUDGR HQ VH IXQGDPHQWD HQ ODH[SHFWDWLYDGHTXH OD PD\RUtD ORV HVWXGLDQWHV DOFDQFHQHOQLYHOPiV DOWRGH FRPSHWHQFLD LQGHSHQGLHQWHPHQWHGH ODIRUPDGHPHGLFLyQ


(VWUDWHJLDVSDUDPHMRUDUODFDOLGDGGHODHGXFDFLyQEiVLFD\PHGLD

&RQVROLGDU OD DXWRQRPtD GH ORV FHQWURV HGXFDWLYRV SDUD TXH SXHGDQ DVXPLU ODUHVSRQVDELOLGDGSRUORVUHVXOWDGRV,PSOLFD )RUWDOHFHU HO OLGHUD]JR SHGDJyJLFR GH ORV UHFWRUHV \ VXV FRPSHWHQFLDV SDUD IRUPDU \GLULJLUHTXLSRVGH WUDEDMRKDFLDHOORJURGHUHVXOWDGRV

)RUWDOHFHUODFDSDFLGDGGHORVHTXLSRVHVFRODUHVSDUDIRUPXODUFRQMXQWDPHQWHPHWDV\SODQHVGHPHMRUDPLHQWRHOHJLU ODVHVWUDWHJLDVSHGDJyJLFDV \ VHOHFFLRQDUGHDFXHUGRFRQHOODVORVPHGLRVPDWHULDOHV\UHFXUVRVGHOHQWRUQRDVtFRPRSDUDDSOLFDUSUiFWLFDVHIHFWLYDV HQ HO DXOD \ IRUPDV GH HYDOXDFLyQ TXH SHUPLWDQ PRQLWRUHDU HQ IRUPDDGHFXDGDORVDYDQFHVGHORVDOXPQRVHLGHQWLILFDUQHFHVLGDGHVGHIRUPDFLyQFRQWLQXDGHOSHUVRQDOGRFHQWH

&RQVWLWXLUXQDUHGGHVHUYLFLRVGHDSR\RSDUDHOPHMRUDPLHQWRGHORVDSUHQGL]DMHVFRQHOILQGHTXHODVLQVWLWXFLRQHVHGXFDWLYDVFRQODDVLVWHQFLDWpFQLFDGHODVVHFUHWDUtDVGHHGXFDFLyQ\GHDFXHUGRFRQVXVSODQHVGHPHMRUDPLHQWRVHOHFFLRQHQDTXHOORVTXHVHDGHFXHQDVXVLWXDFLyQ SDUWLFXODU

'LYXOJDUHVWUDWHJLDVSHGDJyJLFDVH[LWRVDV\JHQHUDUPHFDQLVPRVGHFRRSHUDFLyQHQWUHLQVWLWXFLRQHVHGXFDWLYDV

(VWDEOHFHU XQ SODQ GH HVWtPXORV D OD FDOLGDG PHGLDQWH HO FXDO VH ILMHQ LQFHQWLYRVPRQHWDULRV \ QR PRQHWDULRV D ODV LQVWLWXFLRQHV TXH GHPXHVWUHQ PHMRUDV HQ VXVUHVXOWDGRVGHDFXHUGRFRQFULWHULRVREMHWLYRV

0HMRUDU FXDOLWDWLYDPHQWH OD IRUPDFLyQGH ORV GRFHQWHV \ VX GHVDUUROOR SURIHVLRQDO(VWRH[LJH

2ULHQWDU ORV SURJUDPDV GH IRUPDFLyQ LQLFLDO DO GHVDUUROOR GH FRPSHWHQFLDVGLVFLSOLQDUHVSHGDJyJLFDV\RUJDQL]DFLRQDOHVH LQFRUSRUDUHVWDVGLPHQVLRQHVHQ ODHYDOXDFLyQGHFRQGLFLRQHVPtQLPDV HQORV(&$(6\HQODHYDOXDFLyQSDUDLQJUHVRDODFDUUHUDDVtFRPRHQODVSHULyGLFDVGHGHVHPSHxR\ DVFHQVR

3URPRYHU XQD IRUPDFLyQ HQ VHUYLFLR GH ORV GRFHQWHV TXH UHVSRQGD D ORVUHTXHULPLHQWRV GH ORV SODQHV GH PHMRUDPLHQWR GH OD FDOLGDG YLQFXODQGR D HOOD DJUXSRVGHGRFHQWHVTXHWUDEDMHQHQXQDPLVPDLQVWLWXFLyQ

)RPHQWDU OD FRQIRUPDFLyQ GH UHGHV SURIHVLRQDOHV GH GRFHQWHV SRU iUHDV GHOFRQRFLPLHQWR TXH VLUYDQ FRPR HVSDFLR SDUD OD UHIOH[LyQ VLVWHPiWLFD VREUH ODVSUiFWLFDV \ HO SHUIHFFLRQDPLHQWR GH ODV PLVPDV PHGLDQWH HO LQWHUFDPELR GHH[SHULHQFLDV\HODSUHQGL]DMHHQWUHSDUHV

&RQFHQWUDU D ODV LQVWLWXFLRQHV HGXFDWLYDV \ D ORV UHFWRUHV HQ ODV IXQFLRQHV SURSLDV GHOTXHKDFHU SHGDJyJLFR UHGXFLHQGR DO PtQLPR HO YROXPHQ GH WDUHDV DGPLQLVWUDWLYDV (VWRH[LJH TXH ODV VHFUHWDUtDV GH HGXFDFLyQ FRQVROLGHQ ODV GHPDQGDV TXH VH GHULYDQ GH ODGHFLVLyQ GH ODV LQVWLWXFLRQHV VREUH OD GHVWLQDFLyQ GH ORV UHFXUVRV GH ORV )RQGRV GH6HUYLFLRV (GXFDWLYRV \ HMHFXWHQ GLFKDV GHFLVLRQHV SRU HMHPSOR XQ VROR SURFHVR SDUDDGTXLVLFLyQGHFRPSXWDGRUHVRDGPLQLVWUDFLyQGHFXHQWDVLQGHSHQGLHQWHVGHVXPLQLVWURV

(VWDEOHFHU XQ SURJUDPD GH IRUWDOHFLPLHQWR GH OD GLUHFFLyQ HVFRODU FRQ ORV VLJXLHQWHVFRPSRQHQWHV


)RUPDFLyQ GH UHFWRUHV GLVHxDU FRQMXQWDPHQWH FRQ LQVWLWXFLRQHV HVSHFLDOL]DGDV XQSURJUDPDSDUDIRUPDUDUHFWRUHVDFWXDOHV EQXHYRVUHFWRUHVFRPRFRQGLFLyQSDUDHO LQJUHVR DO VHUYLFLR HGXFDWLYR HVWDWDO F UHFWRUHV SDUD FROHJLRV SULYDGRV /DFHUWLILFDFLyQ GH GLFKD IRUPDFLyQ VH REWHQGUi XQD YH] VH KD\DQ VXSHUDGR SUXHEDVHVSHFLDOHVGHVHOHFFLyQTXHGHQFXHQWDGHOGHVHPSHxRQRVyORHYDOXDFLRQHVGHSDSHO\OiSL]\GHEHUiUHQRYDUVHSHULyGLFDPHQWH

,QFHQWLYRV DO GHVHPSHxR GH DFXHUGR FRQ ORV UHVXOWDGRV JOREDOHV GH OD LQVWLWXFLyQHGXFDWLYD

(YDOXDFLyQSHULyGLFDGHOGHVHPSHxRFRQEDVHHQLQGLFDGRUHV\FRQSDUWLFLSDFLyQGHODFRPXQLGDGHGXFDWLYD

)RUWDOHFHUORVVLVWHPDVGHVRSRUWHDORVSURFHVRVGHPHMRUDPLHQWRDVDEHU &RQVROLGDU HO VLVWHPD GH HYDOXDFLyQ GH ORV DSUHQGL]DMHV OR TXH LPSOLFD DSHUIHFFLRQDUODVWpFQLFDVGHPHGLFLyQ GHORVQLYHOHVGHFRPSHWHQFLDGHDFXHUGRFRQORVHVWiQGDUHVGHIRUPDTXHVHSXHGDQSURGXFLUFRPSDUDFLRQHVVREUHHOHVWDGRGHOD HGXFDFLyQ HQ GLVWLQWRVPRPHQWRV E DOHUWDU D ODV LQVWLWXFLRQHV HGXFDWLYDV ODVDXWRULGDGHVHGXFDWLYDV\ODFRPXQLGDGVREUHORVDVSHFWRVSUHFLVRVGHOGHVDUUROORGHFRPSHWHQFLDV VREUH ORV FXDOHV HV QHFHVDULR KDFHU pQIDVLV SDUD PHMRUDU ORVUHVXOWDGRV F DGHODQWDU LQYHVWLJDFLRQHV VREUH HO LPSDFWRGH ODVGLVWLQWDVSROtWLFDVVREUH HO PHMRUDPLHQWR G HYDOXDU RWUDV iUHDV SDUD GDU FXHQWD GHO DYDQFH HQ HOGHVDUUROORGHQXHYDVFRPSHWHQFLDV7,&ELOLQJLVPRFRPSHWHQFLDVODERUDOHV

(VWDEOHFHU XQ VLVWHPD GH DVHJXUDPLHQWR GH OD FDOLGDG GH ORV VHUYLFLRV HGXFDWLYRVSUHVWDGRVSRUORVFHQWURVHGXFDWLYRVRILFLDOHV\SULYDGRVDVtFRPRSRURSHUDGRUHVGHPRGHORVIOH[LEOHVLQVWLWXFLRQHVIRUPDGRUDVGHGRFHQWHV\RIHUHQWHVGHDVLVWHQFLDWpFQLFDDORVFHQWURVHGXFDWLYRV

(VWDEOHFHUIRQGRVSDUDODFRILQDQFLDFLyQGHSODQHV\SUR\HFWRVGHPHMRUDPLHQWRFRQODVHQWLGDGHVWHUULWRULDOHV(VWRVIRQGRVVHDOLPHQWDUiQ FRQUHFXUVRVSURYHQLHQWHVGHOSUHVXSXHVWRQDFLRQDOGHODHPSUHVDSULYDGD\GHODFRRSHUDFLyQLQWHUQDFLRQDO/RVDSR\RV VH GHVWLQDUiQ D SUR\HFWRV HVWUDWpJLFRV TXH WHQJDQ SRU ILQDOLGDG HOPHMRUDPLHQWRGHODFDOLGDG

$U WLFXODFLyQ GHODHGXFDFLyQPHGLDFRQ ODHGXFDFLyQVXSHU LRU \ODIRUPDFLyQSDUDHOWU DEDMR

/DFRQFHSFLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQPHGLDHQ&RORPELDHVHOUHVXOWDGRGHWHQGHQFLDVTXHVHGLHURQHQ OD~OWLPDGpFDGDFDUDFWHUL]DGDVSRUDHOGHVSOD]DPLHQWRGH ODHGXFDFLyQYRFDFLRQDOGHORV SULPHURV JUDGRV GH OD VHFXQGDULD D OD HGXFDFLyQ PHGLD \ QLYHOHV VXSHULRUHV E ODUHYDORUL]DFLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQJHQHUDOFRPRHOHPHQWRHVHQFLDOSDUDXQDHGXFDFLyQGHFDOLGDGLQGHSHQGLHQWHPHQWHGHVLODPRGDOLGDGHVDFDGpPLFDRWpFQLFD\FXQDFUHFLHQWHDUWLFXODFLyQ


HQWUH OD RIHUWD GH HGXFDFLyQPHGLD WpFQLFD \ RWUDV RIHUWDV GH IRUPDFLyQ SDUD HO WUDEDMR TXHDXQTXHGLVWLQWDVHQFXDQWRDVXQDWXUDOH]DMXUtGLFDFRPSDUWHQORVPLVPRVREMHWLYRV

(QHVWHQXHYRPDUFRODHGXFDFLyQPHGLDQRHV\DFRQVLGHUDGDWHUPLQDOVLQRTXHVHFRQYLHUWHHQXQQLYHOGHWUDQVLFLyQDQXHYDVRSRUWXQLGDGHVGHIRUPDFLyQ(QODSUiFWLFDHVWRHTXLYDOHDOD SURORQJDFLyQ GH OD HGXFDFLyQ JHQHUDO FRPSHWHQFLDV EiVLFDV FLXGDGDQDV \ ODERUDOHVJHQHUDOHVKDVWDHOJUDGR\D ODDSHUWXUDGHSRVLELOLGDGHVSDUDTXH ORVHVWXGLDQWHVTXH ORGHVHHQSXHGDQLQLFLDUHVWXGLRVWpFQLFRVHVSHFLDOL]DGRVHLQFOXVRREWHQHUWLWXODFLRQHVSDUFLDOHVUHFRQRFLGDV SRU HO 6LVWHPD 1DFLRQDO GH )RUPDFLyQ SDUD HO 7UDEDMR GHO TXH KDFHQ SDUWHDGHPiVGHO6(1$ODHGXFDFLyQQRIRUPDOORVSURJUDPDVGHHGXFDFLyQWpFQLFD\WHFQROyJLFDTXHVHLPSDUWHQHQLQVWLWXFLRQHVGHHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRU

/D HVWUXFWXUD GHO VLVWHPD HGXFDWLYR FRORPELDQR RIUHFH P~OWLSOHV RSRUWXQLGDGHV SDUD ODDUWLFXODFLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQPHGLDFRQODHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRU\ODIRUPDFLyQSDUDHOWUDEDMR(OGHVDItR FRQVLVWH HQ LPSOHPHQWDU HIHFWLYDPHQWH HVWDV SRVLELOLGDGHV(VWD DUWLFXODFLyQSXHGHORJUDUVHSRUYDULDVYtDVDFRQHO6(1$EFRQODHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRUWpFQLFD\WHFQROyJLFDFFRQODHGXFDFLyQQRIRUPDO\GFRQHPSUHVDVRFRQHQWLGDGHVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHVTXHRIUHFHQIRUPDFLyQFRQGXFHQWHDFHUWLILFDFLyQODERUDO

(Q WRGRV ORV FDVRV VH EXVFD TXH HO HJUHVDGR REWHQJD DGHPiV GH XQ WtWXOR GH EDFKLOOHU XQDFHUWLILFDFLyQ ODERUDO YiOLGD PHGLDQWH HO HVWDEOHFLPLHQWR GH DOLDQ]DV HQWUH LQVWLWXFLRQHVHGXFDWLYDV GH HGXFDFLyQ PHGLD \ HQWLGDGHV TXH RIUH]FDQ SURJUDPDV GH HGXFDFLyQ SDUD HOWUDEDMR FX\D FDOLGDG KD\D VLGR FHUWLILFDGD SRU RUJDQLVPRV H[WHUQRV 'H HVWD PDQHUD HV

6H LQFOX\HQ DTXt ODV RIHUWDV GHO 6(1$ DVt FRPR GH OD HGXFDFLyQ QR IRUPDO FRQGXFHQWHV D FDOLILFDFLRQHVODERUDOHVHTXLYDOHQWHV (O 6LVWHPD1DFLRQDO GH )RUPDFLyQ SDUD HO 7UDEDMR WLHQH FRPR REMHWR SULQFLSDO DUWLFXODU ODV GHPDQGDV GHJUHPLRVHPSUHVDVFHQWURVGHHGXFDFLyQ\GHVDUUROORWHFQROyJLFRLQVWLWXFLRQHVHGXFDWLYDVWpFQLFDVWHFQROyJLFDV\GHIRUPDFLyQSURIHVLRQDODOLQWHUpVGHO(VWDGRSRUSURGXFLUSROtWLFDV\HVWUDWHJLDVRULHQWDGDVDOPHMRUDPLHQWRGHODFDOLGDGGHOGHVHPSHxRGHORVUHFXUVRVKXPDQRV3ULQFLSDOPHQWHVHFHQWUDHQODQRUPDOL]DFLyQHYDOXDFLyQ\FHUWLILFDFLyQ\IRUPDFLyQGHFRPSHWHQFLDVODERUDOHV /D RIHUWD GH IRUPDFLyQ SDUD HO WUDEDMR HQ &RORPELD HVWi FRQIRUPDGD DFWXDOPHQWH SRU DOUHGHGRU GH HVWDEOHFLPLHQWRVGHHGXFDFLyQPHGLDLQVWLWXFLRQHVHGXFDWLYDVGHFDUiFWHUVXSHULRUXQLYHUVLGDGHV\LQVWLWXFLRQHVXQLYHUVLWDULDVWHFQROyJLFDV\WpFQLFDVSURIHVLRQDOHV$GLFLRQDOPHQWHVHHQFXHQWUDQFHUFDGHHQWLGDGHVGHHGXFDFLyQQRIRUPDOODVFXDOHVVRQDXWRUL]DGDVSRUODVVHFUHWDUtDVGHHGXFDFLyQSHURFX\RVFHUWLILFDGRVGHDSWLWXGRFXSDFLRQDOQR WLHQHQYDOLGH]DFDGpPLFD$GLFLRQDOPHQWH ODVJUDQGHVHPSUHVDV WLHQHQGHSHQGHQFLDVSDUDIRUPDUVXVSURSLRVWUDEDMDGRUHV ([LVWHQ HQ HO SDtV P~OWLSOHV HQWLGDGHV TXH SUHVWDQ HQ IRUPD LQGHSHQGLHQWH VHUYLFLRV GH IRUPDFLyQ \FDSDFLWDFLyQ6H WUDWDGHXQDRIHUWDGLVSHUVDTXHFDUHFHGHFULWHULRVFRPXQHVGHFDOLGDGFX\DV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDVLQVWLWXFLRQDOHV LPSLGHQ HO IOXMR GH HVWXGLDQWHV HQWUH QLYHOHV GH IRUPDFLyQ DVt FRPR HQWUH SURJUDPDV HLQVWLWXFLRQHV(VWDIRUPDFLyQVHHQFXHQWUDDOWDPHQWHVXEVLGLDGDSRUHO(VWDGRHQORVFHQWURVGHO6(1$\HQODVLQVWLWXFLRQHVGHHGXFDFLyQRILFLDOLQFOXVRSDUDTXLHQHVWLHQHQFDSDFLGDGGHSDJR(QFRQWUDVWHFRQORDQWHULRUODILQDQFLDFLyQGHHVWXGLRVHQLQVWLWXFLRQHVQRIRUPDOHVFRUUHSRUFXHQWDGHODVIDPLOLDVLQGHSHQGLHQWHPHQWHGHVXQLYHOVRFLRHFRQyPLFRORTXHGLILFXOWDHODFFHVRGHTXLHQHVSURYLHQHQGHORVKRJDUHVPiVSREUHV(O6LVWHPDGH&DOLGDGGHOD)RUPDFLyQSDUDHO7UDEDMR 6&$)7HVHOFRQMXQWRGHPHFDQLVPRVGHSURPRFLyQ\DVHJXUDPLHQWRGH ODFDOLGDGRULHQWDGRVDFHUWLILFDUTXH ODRIHUWDGH IRUPDFLyQSDUDHO WUDEDMRFXHQWDFRQ ORVPHGLRV \ OD FDSDFLGDG SDUD HMHFXWDU SURFHVRV IRUPDWLYRV TXH UHVSRQGDQ D ORV UHTXHULPLHQWRV GHO VHFWRUSURGXFWLYR\UH~QHQODVFRQGLFLRQHVSDUDSURGXFLUEXHQRVUHVXOWDGRV'HFUHWRGH


SRVLEOHDSURYHFKDU ODV IRUWDOH]DVGHpVWDV \ IRFDOL]DU ORVHVIXHU]RVGH ODHGXFDFLyQ EiVLFD \PHGLDHQEULQGDUXQDVyOLGDIRUPDFLyQJHQHUDO

(Q HO IXWXUR FHUFDQR VH SUHYp OD FRQVROLGDFLyQ GHO PHQFLRQDGR 6LVWHPD 1DFLRQDO GH)RUPDFLyQ SDUD HO 7UDEDMR 61)7 EDMR FULWHULRV FRPXQHV GH FHUWLILFDFLyQ GH FDOLGDG \FHUWLILFDFLyQ GH FRPSHWHQFLDV TXH KDJDQ SRVLEOH HO IOXMR GH HVWXGLDQWHV HQWUH QLYHOHV GHIRUPDFLyQDVtFRPRHQWUHSURJUDPDVHLQVWLWXFLRQHVLQGHSHQGLHQWHPHQWHGHVXFDUiFWHUIRUPDORQRIRUPDO&RQHVWDVDFFLRQHVVHEXVFDDVHJXUDUODFDOLGDG\SHUWLQHQFLDGHODIRUPDFLyQDVtFRPR OD PRYLOLGDG GH ORV HVWXGLDQWHV &RPSOHPHQWDULDPHQWH VH UHTXLHUHQ PHFDQLVPRV TXHSHUPLWDQ ILQDQFLDU ORVHVWXGLRVGH ORVHVWXGLDQWHVGHEDMRV LQJUHVRVHQFHQWURVGHHGXFDFLyQODERUDOQRIRUPDOFX\DFDOLGDGVHHQFXHQWUHGHELGDPHQWHFHUWLILFDGD\IRUWDOHFHUORVVLVWHPDVGH LQIRUPDFLyQH LQWHUPHGLDFLyQTXHVLUYDQSDUDRULHQWDU D ORVHVWXGLDQWHV \DSR\DUORVHQ ODE~VTXHGDGHHPSOHRRJHQHUDFLyQGHHPSUHVDV

5HFXDGUR$OWHUQDWLYDVSDUDODDUWLFXODFLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQPHGLD\ODIRUPDFLyQODERUDO

$OWHUQDWLYDVSDUDODDU WLFXODFLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQPHGLDFRQHO61)7

&RQHO6(1$ ,QVWLWXFLRQHV GH HGXFDFLyQ PHGLD WpFQLFD DGRSWDQ FXUUtFXORV \ SODQHV GH HVWXGLRV GHO 6(1$ TXHSURSRUFLRQD DVLVWHQFLD WpFQLFD SDUD VX LPSOHPHQWDFLyQ /DV FRPSHWHQFLDV ODERUDOHV HVSHFtILFDV VRQFHUWLILFDGDVSRUHO6(1$/RVHJUHVDGRVVRQDGPLWLGRVHQHO6(1$HQSURJUDPDVFRQGXFHQWHVDQLYHOHVVXSHULRUHVGHFDOLILFDFLyQ&$3WpFQLFR\WHFQROyJLFR

,QVWLWXFLRQHVGHHGXFDFLyQPHGLDDFDGpPLFDHVWDEOHFHQFRQYHQLRVFRQHO6(1$SDUDTXHORVHVWXGLDQWHVGHHVWH QLYHO FXUVHQ VLPXOWiQHDPHQWH XQ SURJUDPDGH IRUPDFLyQ ODERUDO FRQGXFHQWH D OD REWHQFLyQ GH XQDFHUWLILFDFLyQ GH FRPSHWHQFLDV /RV HJUHVDGRV VRQ DGPLWLGRV HQ HO 6(1$ HQ SURJUDPDV FRQGXFHQWHV DQLYHOHVVXSHULRUHVGHFDOLILFDFLyQ&$3WpFQLFR\WHFQROyJLFR

&RQODHGXFDFLyQVXSHU LRU ,QVWLWXFLRQHVGHHGXFDFLyQPHGLDDFDGpPLFDRWpFQLFDHVWDEOHFHQFRQYHQLRFRQ,(6HLQVHUWDQHQVXSODQFXUULFXODUDVLJQDWXUDVGHOSURJUDPDWpFQLFRSURIHVLRQDO/D,(6UHFRQRFHFUpGLWRV\DGPLWHDORVHJUHVDGRVSDUDFRQWLQXDUHVWXGLRVWpFQLFRVWHFQROyJLFRV\SURIHVLRQDOHV

&RQSURJUDPDVGHHGXFDFLyQQRIRUPDO ,QVWLWXFLRQHVGHHGXFDFLyQPHGLDDFDGpPLFDRWpFQLFDHVWDEOHFHQFRQYHQLRVFRQLQVWLWXFLRQHV\SURJUDPDVGHHGXFDFLyQQRIRUPDOFX\RVSURJUDPDVVHHQFXHQWUHQDFUHGLWDGRVSRUHO6LVWHPD1DFLRQDOGH)RUPDFLyQSDUDHO7UDEDMRSDUDTXHORVHVWXGLDQWHVVHFHUWLILTXHQHQFRPSHWHQFLDVODERUDOHV

&HU WLILFDFLyQGHFRPSHWHQFLDV ,QVWLWXFLRQHV GH HGXFDFLyQPHGLD DFDGpPLFD R WpFQLFD RIUHFHQ SURJUDPDV FRQGXFHQWHV D FHUWLILFDFLRQHVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHVSRUHMHPSOR&,6&20LFURVRIW,%08QLYHUVLGDG GH&DPEULGJH

/DDUWLFXODFLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQPHGLDFRQODHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRU\ODIRUPDFLyQSDUDHOWUDEDMRQR HV XQD DOWHUQDWLYD H[FOXVLYD SDUD OD HGXFDFLyQ PHGLD WpFQLFD &RQ HO ILQ GH PHMRUDU ODFDOLGDG GH OD IRUPDFLyQ ODERUDO \ EULQGDU RSRUWXQLGDGHV SDUD OD FRQWLQXDFLyQ GH HVWXGLRVVXSHULRUHVODVLQVWLWXFLRQHVHGXFDWLYDVTXHRIUHFHQHVWDPRGDOLGDGGHEDFKLOOHUDWRVHDVRFLDUiQ


FRQ LQVWLWXFLRQHV UHFRQRFLGDVGH IRUPDFLyQSDUDHO WUDEDMR3RU VXSDUWH ODV LQVWLWXFLRQHVGHHGXFDFLyQPHGLDDFDGpPLFDHVWDEOHFHUiQFRQYHQLRVFRQHQWLGDGHVGHIRUPDFLyQSDUDHOWUDEDMRFRQ HO SURSyVLWR GHPHMRUDU OD FDOLGDG GH VX RIHUWD \ SURSRUFLRQDU D ORV HVWXGLDQWHV TXH ORGHVHHQODRSRUWXQLGDGGHREWHQHUXQDFHUWLILFDFLyQODERUDOGHDFXHUGRFRQORVUHTXHULPLHQWRVGHOPHUFDGRGHWUDEDMR

0HWDVGHDUWLFXODFLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQPHGLDFRQODIRUPDFLyQODERUDO

0HWDV ,QVWLWXFLRQHVHGXFDWLYDVGHPHGLDDUWLFXODGDVFRQSURJUDPDVWpFQLFRV\WHFQROyJLFRV

(VWUDWHJLDVSDUDODDUWLFXODFLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQPHGLD\ODIRUPDFLyQODERUDO

3URPRYHUODFHOHEUDFLyQGHFRQYHQLRVHQWUHLQVWLWXFLRQHVHGXFDWLYDVTXHRIUHFHQHGXFDFLyQPHGLD DFDGpPLFD R WpFQLFD SDUD TXH ORV HVWXGLDQWHV FXUVHQ SURJUDPDV DFUHGLWDGRV GHIRUPDFLyQODERUDOGHDFXHUGRFRQVXVLQWHUHVHV LQFOX\HQGRODFHOHEUDFLyQGHFRQWUDWRVGHDSUHQGL]DMHSDUDODUHDOL]DFLyQGHSUiFWLFDV

'HVWLQDUUHFXUVRVSDUDILQDQFLDU ODFDSDFLWDFLyQ ODERUDOGHHVWXGLDQWHVGHQLYHOHV,\,,GH6,6%(1TXHVHYLQFXOHQDSURJUDPDVGHDUWLFXODFLyQFRQ,(6HLQVWLWXFLRQHVGHHGXFDFLyQQR IRUPDO8QD YH]PDWULFXODGRV HQ HO QLYHO WpFQLFR R WHFQROyJLFR ORV HVWXGLDQWHV VHUiQEHQHILFLDULRVGHORVSURJUDPDVGHFUpGLWRHGXFDWLYR

&UHDUXQPHFDQLVPRGHFRRUGLQDFLyQHQWUHHOVHFWRUSURGXFWLYR\HGXFDWLYRSDUDLGHQWLILFDUODV WHQGHQFLDV RFXSDFLRQDOHV TXH UHTXHULUiQ WUDEDMDGRUHV VHPLFDOLILFDGRV \ FDOLILFDGRVWpFQLFRV\WHFQyORJRVTXHVLUYDFRPREDVHSDUDTXHORVRIHUHQWHVGHIRUPDFLyQHVWUXFWXUHQVXRIHUWDDVtFRPRSDUDFDSWDU\RULHQWDUODVSUHIHUHQFLDVGHORVGHPDQGDQWHVGHIRUPDFLyQODERUDO

(VWDEOHFHUXQSURJUDPDGHRULHQWDFLyQYRFDFLRQDOHQODHGXFDFLyQPHGLDFRQHOILQGHEULQGDUDORVHVWXGLDQWHVODRSRUWXQLGDGGHHODERUDUXQSUR\HFWRGHYLGD\XQSODQGHFDUUHUD

0HMRUDPLHQWRGHODFDOLGDGGHODHGXFDFLyQVXSHU LRU

'XUDQWH ORV ~OWLPRV DxRV HO SDtV KD WUDEDMDGR GH PDQHUD FRQWLQXD HQ HO PHMRUDPLHQWRSHUPDQHQWHGHODHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRU/RVQLYHOHVGHFDOLGDGGHSURJUDPDVHLQVWLWXFLRQHVVRQPX\ KHWHURJpQHRV \ OD LQWHUYHQFLyQ GHO (VWDGR VH KD FRQFHQWUDGR HQ JDUDQWL]DU HOFXPSOLPLHQWR GH FRQGLFLRQHV PtQLPDV \ D HVWLPXODU OD DOWD FDOLGDG GH ORV SURJUDPDV SRUPHGLRGHODDFUHGLWDFLyQYROXQWDULD$SDUWLUGHVHLQLFLyODRUJDQL]DFLyQGHORVGLVWLQWRVLQVWUXPHQWRV\HQWLGDGHVTXHGHXQDXRWUDIRUPDWHQtDQWDUHDVGHDVHJXUDPLHQWRGHODFDOLGDG(VDVtFRPRVHRUJDQL]yHO6LVWHPDGH$VHJXUDPLHQWRGHOD&DOLGDGGHOD(GXFDFLyQ6XSHULRU\ VH FUHy OD&RPLVLyQ ,QWHUVHFWRULDO SDUD HO $VHJXUDPLHQWR GH OD&DOLGDG &21$&(6 (OUHJLVWUR FDOLILFDGR VH FRQVROLGy FRPR HOPHGLR SDUD JDUDQWL]DU ODV FRQGLFLRQHV PtQLPDV GH


FDOLGDG GH ORV SURJUDPDV DFDGpPLFRV \ OD DFUHGLWDFLyQ GH SURJUDPDV H LQVWLWXFLRQHV VHIRUWDOHFLy FRPR HVWtPXOR DOPDQWHQLPLHQWR GH HOHYDGDV FRQGLFLRQHV GH FDOLGDG TXHJHQHUDQGLVFLSOLQDVGHDXWRUUHJXODFLyQPX\HIHFWLYDV

(QFRQWDEDQFRQ5HJLVWUR&DOLILFDGRDOUHGHGRUGHOGHORVSURJUDPDVORTXHTXLHUHGHFLUTXHFXPSOtDQUHTXLVLWRVPtQLPRVGHFDOLGDG(QODPLVPDIHFKDSURJUDPDV GHO WRWDO VH HQFRQWUDEDQ DFUHGLWDGRV XQ SRUFHQWDMH UHODWLYDPHQWH EDMR VL VH WLHQH HQ FXHQWDTXHODDFUHGLWDFLyQHVHOPHFDQLVPRGHDVHJXUDPLHQWRGHODFDOLGDGSRUH[FHOHQFLD\VRORXQLYHUVLGDGHVGHOSDtVKDEtDQREWHQLGRODDFUHGLWDFLyQLQVWLWXFLRQDO

)UHQWH D ORV ULHVJRV LQKHUHQWHV D OD DPSOLDFLyQ GH OD RIHUWD GH HGXFDFLyQ VXSHULRU \ D ODQHFHVLGDGGHJDUDQWL]DUODIRUPDFLyQGHUHFXUVRVKXPDQRVGHDOWRQLYHOFRQODVFRPSHWHQFLDVSDUD VRSRUWDU ORV UHTXHULPLHQWRV GH XQD PD\RU FRPSHWLWLYLGDG GH OD HFRQRPtD VH KDFHQHFHVDULR IRUWDOHFHU HO VLVWHPD GH FDOLGDG HQ HO TXH ORV PHFDQLVPRV GH DVHJXUDPLHQWRSURSLDPHQWH GLFKRV VH DOLPHQWHQ FRQ LQIRUPDFLyQ VREUH HO PHUFDGR ODERUDO 2EVHUYDWRULR/DERUDOSDUDOD(GXFDFLyQDVtFRPRVREUHHOQLYHODFDGpPLFRFRQTXHLQJUHVDQ\HJUHVDQORVHVWXGLDQWHVH[iPHQHVGH(VWDGR\(&$(6\FRQ LQGLFDGRUHVTXHVLUYDQFRPREDVHSDUD ODUHIHUHQFLDFLyQ6LVWHPD1DFLRQDOGH,QIRUPDFLyQGHOD(GXFDFLyQ6XSHULRU/DVDFFLRQHVGHIRPHQWRTXHVHDGHODQWDQGHVGHODVHQWLGDGHVGHO(VWDGRWLHQHQFRPRSURSyVLWRGDUVHxDOHVGHFDOLGDG\JHQHUDUXQDRIHUWDGHVHUYLFLRVGHODFXDOSXHGDQEHQHILFLDUVHWRGDVODVLQVWLWXFLRQHV

/D YLVLyQ FRQFLEH XQD HFRQRPtD FLPHQWDGD HQ OD SURGXFFLyQ GLIXVLyQ \ XVR GHOFRQRFLPLHQWRFRPREDVHGHODSURGXFWLYLGDG\ODFRPSHWLWLYLGDGLQWHUQDFLRQDOORTXHLPSRQHUHWRV DGLFLRQDOHV DO VLVWHPD HGXFDWLYR TXH GHEH IRUPDU HJUHVDGRV HQ OD FDQWLGDG \ FRQ ODFDOLGDG VXILFLHQWH SDUD UHVSRQGHU D ODV QHFHVLGDGHV GH XQD HFRQRPtD HQ FUHFLPLHQWR (VWRVGHVDUUROORV KDFHQ QHFHVDULR SRU XQD SDUWH IRUWDOHFHU OD FDSDFLGDG GHO SDtV HQ FLHQFLD \WHFQRORJtD PHGLDQWH OD IRUPDFLyQ GH GRFWRUHV \ OD SUHSDUDFLyQ GH SHUVRQDV TXH SXHGDQGHGLFDUVHDGLFKDVDFWLYLGDGHV\SRURWUDODSUHSDUDFLyQGHSURIHVLRQDOHVWpFQLFRVWHFQyORJRV\SHUVRQDOFDOLILFDGRTXHGHPDQGDUiHO VHFWRUSURGXFWLYRFRPRUHVXOWDGRGHODGLQDPL]DFLyQGH ORV VHFWRUHV GH OD HFRQRPtD FRQHFWDGRV FRQ PHUFDGRV H[WHUQRV /D FRQWULEXFLyQ GH ODXQLYHUVLGDG D HVWH SURSyVLWR HV HVHQFLDO D WUDYpV GH OD IRUPDFLyQ GH LQYHVWLJDGRUHV \ HOGHVDUUROOR GH DFWLYLGDGHV GH LQYHVWLJDFLyQ H LQQRYDFLyQ TXH FRQVXOWHQ ODV QHFHVLGDGHVQDFLRQDOHV

(O FRQWLQXR PHMRUDPLHQWR GH HVWRV PHFDQLVPRV PHGLDQWH OD DGRSFLyQ GH HVWiQGDUHV \SUiFWLFDV LQWHUQDFLRQDOHVFRQWULEXLUiHQHOPHGLDQRSOD]RDTXH ORV VLVWHPDVFRORPELDQRVGHDVHJXUDPLHQWRGHODFDOLGDGGHODHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRUVHDQUHFRQRFLGRVLQWHUQDFLRQDOPHQWHORTXH DEULUi OD SXHUWD D HJUHVDGRV GH XQLYHUVLGDGHV FRORPELDQDV \ FRQYHUWLUi DO SDtV HQ XQGHVWLQRDFDGpPLFRDWUDFWLYRSDUDHVWXGLDQWHVHLQYHVWLJDGRUHV

/D HVWUXFWXUD GH OD RIHUWD GH HGXFDFLyQ VXSHULRU WDPSRFR HV OD DGHFXDGD SDUD DVHJXUDU VXSHUWLQHQFLD/DDXVHQFLDGHPHFDQLVPRVDSURSLDGRVGHLQIRUPDFLyQVREUHHOPHUFDGRODERUDO\OD EDMD YDORUDFLyQ VRFLDO GH OD HGXFDFLyQ WpFQLFD FRQGXMR DO SUHGRPLQLR GH LQVWLWXFLRQHV \SURJUDPDVXQLYHUVLWDULRVVREUHODVLQVWLWXFLRQHV\SURJUDPDVWpFQLFRV\WHFQROyJLFRVORTXHVHWUDGXFH HQ XQ GHVHTXLOLEULR FRQVLGHUDEOH GH OD PDWUtFXOD HQ HVWH QLYHO HQ GHWULPHQWR GH ODIRUPDFLyQ GH ORV UHFXUVRV KXPDQRV TXH UHTXLHUH HO VHFWRU SURGXFWLYR (Q &RORPELD OD


PDWUtFXOD HQ HGXFDFLyQ VXSHULRU XQLYHUVLWDULD HV FXDWUR YHFHV PD\RU TXH HQ WpFQLFRV \WHFQROyJLFRVHQFODURFRQWUDVWHFRQSDtVHVGHVDUUROODGRV/DRIHUWDVHFRQFHQWUDHQSURJUDPDVGH HFRQRPtD DGPLQLVWUDFLyQ FRQWDGXUtD H LQJHQLHUtD FRQ PX\ EDMD SDUWLFLSDFLyQ GH iUHDVFRPRVDOXGFLHQFLDVEiVLFDVRELRWHFQRORJtD

6L ELHQHQ ORV~OWLPRV DxRV VH KDQ LQFUHPHQWDGRHQHOSDtV ORVJUXSRVGH LQYHVWLJDFLyQ \HOQ~PHURGHSHUVRQDVYLQFXODGDVDDFWLYLGDGHVGHFLHQFLDWHFQRORJtDHLQQRYDFLyQpVWDVQRVRQVXILFLHQWHPHQWH YDORUDGDV OR TXH VH UHIOHMD HQ HO EDMR Q~PHUR GH HVWXGLDQWHV TXH FXUVDQFLHQFLDVEiVLFDV\DOJXQDVLQJHQLHUtDVEDMRQ~PHURGHSURIHVRUHVFRQJUDGRGHGRFWRUDGR\VXHVFDVD YLQFXODFLyQ D DFWLYLGDGHV GHGHVDUUROOR FLHQWtILFR \ WHFQROyJLFR/RV LQGLFDGRUHV VRQSUHRFXSDQWHVDFRPLHQ]RVGHODGpFDGDVyORKDEtDHQ&RORPELDLQYHVWLJDGRUHVSRUPLOOyQGHKDELWDQWHVPX\SRUGHEDMRGH$UJHQWLQD\&KLOH\HOFRHILFLHQWHGHLQYHQFLyQQ~PHURGHSDWHQWHVSRUFDGDSHUVRQDVIXHGHDSHQDVLQIHULRUDORVDOFDQ]DGRVSRUORVDOFDQ]DGRVSRU$UJHQWLQD\%UDVLO

)UHQWH DO FUHFLPLHQWR GH OD RIHUWD TXH RFXUULUi FRPR FRQVHFXHQFLD GH OD DPSOLDFLyQ GH ODFREHUWXUD GH OD HGXFDFLyQ VXSHULRU \ D OD GHPDQGD SRU HJUHVDGRV PHMRU FDOLILFDGRV SDUDUHVSRQGHUDORVUHTXHULPLHQWRVGHOGHVDUUROORHFRQyPLFR\VRFLDO\DODVH[LJHQFLDVGHULYDGDVGHODFUHFLHQWHLQVHUFLyQGHOSDtVHQORVPHUFDGRVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHVVHKDFHQHFHVDULRFRQVROLGDUXQ VLVWHPD GH FDOLGDG TXH HVWDEOH]FD H LQFHQWLYH DOWRV HVWiQGDUHV SDUD OD IRUPDFLyQ \ GpVHxDOHV VREUH OD SHUWLQHQFLD GH ORV SURJUDPDV(VWR LPSOLFD D LQFUHPHQWDU OD FREHUWXUD GHODVHJXUDPLHQWR GH FDOLGDG E PHMRUDU ORV UHVXOWDGRV GH DSUHQGL]DMH GH ORV HVWXGLDQWHV FDGRSWDUSUiFWLFDVTXHFRQGX]FDQ HO UHFRQRFLPLHQWR LQWHUQDFLRQDO GHO VLVWHPDFRORPELDQR GHDFUHGLWDFLyQ GH FDOLGDG \ G FRQVROLGDU HO 2EVHUYDWRULR /DERUDO SDUD OD (GXFDFLyQ FRPRLQVWUXPHQWR HVHQFLDO SDUD RULHQWDU OD H[SDQVLyQ GHO VLVWHPD KDFLD RIHUWDV UHOHYDQWHV SDUD HOGHVDUUROORGHOSDtV


0HWDVGHPHMRUDPLHQWRGHODFDOLGDG\SHUWLQHQFLDGHODHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRU

0HWDV $VHJXUDPLHQWRGHFDOLGDG3RUFHQWDMHGHSURJUDPDVFRQ5HJLVWUR&DOLILFDGRJDUDQWtDGHFRQGLFLRQHVPtQLPDV

3RUFHQWDMHGH SURJUDPDV GH(6 FRQDFUHGLWDFLyQGHH[FHOHQFLD

3RUFHQWDMHGH ,(6 DFUHGLWDGDV 3RUFHQWDMHGHHVWXGLDQWHVTXHORJUDGHVHPSHxRDOWRHQODVFRPSHWHQFLDV EiVLFDV QG

/tQHDGH%DVH/% /% /%

*DQDQFLDHQGHVHPSHxRDFDGpPLFRHQUHODFLyQFRQFRQGLFLRQHVGHLQJUHVR QG

3HU WLQHQFLD 3RUFHQWDMHGH ,(6 TXH KDFHQVHJXLPLHQWRGHORVHJUHVDGRVDWUDYpVGHO2EVHUYDWRULR/DERUDO

,QYHVWLJDFLyQ3RUFHQWDMHGH SURIHVRUHVHQWLHPSRVFRPSOHWRVHTXLYDOHQWHVFRQWtWXORGH GRFWRUDGR

Documents

Educación 2019