“Hidana”drying rack

has many uses多機能なひだな

naturally crookedbranch for pothook

hight adjuster

deep layerof ash

K2CO3/Na2CO3

“keshitsubo”pot for cinders

forged tongs 火箸

forged ironswivel hook

wooden edge　炉縁firebox 炉壇

thick clay over wooden boards

fish can be stuckdirectly in ashes

iron grill for fish,vegetables

fish forstocking保存

Hearthopen fire place

囲炉裏

Cooking, Dining, Living space調理・⾷事・団らんの場

引用Azby Brown著 “ Just Enough” p41

Various kinds of adjustable hooks

“keshitsubo”pot for cinders forged tongs 火箸

Tools around Irori囲炉裏周りの道具

bamboo tube for blowing iron grill

Kitchen sink座り流し windows is fitted with sliding

louvers to control light and ventilationスライドさせて光と空気を調節

Though other typeof sink is found,

“suwarinagashi” isthe most common.

It is used in a seated

or crouching position.

座り流しが⼀般的

The bottom boards are slotted togetherand into the sides. Moisture swells the

joints and keeps them watertight.

A half dove-tail is bestfor corners.

Base shaped to tilt “nagashi” towards the

rear corner for drainage

water storage水瓶

底板と角の繋ぎ方いづれも膨張して水漏れを防ぐ

引用Azby Brown著 “ Just Enough” p38

bamboo tube for blowing火吹き竹

stackable wooden steamer trayswith slatted bamboo bottoms

蒸籠

multi purpose iron potfor rice or boiling water 多目的の釜　

lip provide good seal and support

wide flat pot

“keshitsubo”pot for embers

火消壺

small saw for cutting wood

鋸

“Kamado” is a ubiquitouscook stove that is compact

and fuel efficient. It is made ofclay, is sturdy, and lasts for

generations

used in crouching positionsmoky work!!

Cook stoveKamado

引用Azby Brown著 “ Just Enough” p36

Typical daily meal of Edo period people江⼾の庶⺠の⾷事

引用 https://edo-g.com/blog/2016/02/meal.html

Breakfaststeamed rice and miso soup

Lunchsteamed rice (cold)

and vegetables or fish

Suppersteamed rice (cold)soaked in tea,

and pickles

1石=150KgAverage Edo period

adults consumed1石 of rice annually.

It was equal to 410 gr/day.

ToiletUsually attached to main house, near entrance

and accessible from outside. But freestanding buildings are not uncommon.

通常は⼊り⼝の近くに。独⽴した建物のケースも。

urinal side⼩便器

latrine side⼤便器

no door forurinal

light weight doorwith wooden latch

“Chozubachi”a basin and dipperfor washing hands

lid forcollectionくみ取り用蓋

toilets areusually built over

large wooden casks embedded

In the ground土中に埋めた木製の樽

carried tomanure pile肥えためへ引用Azby Brown著 “ Just Enough” p45

Rice Cultivation米作り

Preparing the fields田作り

green fertilizerforest byproducts

堆肥

manurehuman waste

local and from cities発酵させた人糞など

sardinemeal干鰯

rapeseedmeal

なたねかす

commercialfertilizer

引用Azby Brown著“ Just Enough” p72

Transplantation田植え

one group of women carefullyuproots healthy seedlingsand ties them in bundles

plants arecloselypacked

seedlings tonew field

carefullyspaced

Nursery苗床

Main field稲田

constantsinging helps

keep uppace

in the new fieldanother group

replants them as quickly as they arrive

Transplanting must be done quickly.It is a communal effort and womenplay a central role. Several familieswork together on each field in turn.

引用Azby Brown著 “ Just Enough” p73

Harvest

Drying引用Azby Brown著 “ Just Enough” p75

Threshing　脱穀Stripping grains from stalks

唐竿flail

千⻭扱きcomb-shaped hand thresher

引用Azby Brown著 “ Just Enough” p76

Hulling 籾摺りRemoving outer hull

Hulling mill籾摺り機

Cross section籾摺り機断面

movable drum

grinding surface

rice and hullcoming out

stationarydrum

unhulled rice ispoured in here

引用Azby Brown著 “ Just Enough” p76

WinnowingSeparating hulls and rice

箕・風選

唐箕winnower

千石通しwinnower

rice and hulls in

Riceout

hullsout

sieveon a frame

rice andhulls in

wiremesh

hulls fallout here

rice fallsthru here

woodenhopper

rice fallsstraight thru

in

light weighthulls are

blown across

paddle-likefan blade

generates aircurrent

引用Azby Brown著 “ Just Enough” p77

PolishingRemoving bran精米

adjustableweight

a flat-ended pestledistribute the force

upper mill stone rotatesbottom one fixed

Rice flour製粉

bamboo polesuspended from above

Stone mill石臼

Polisher台唐

引用Azby Brown著 “ Just Enough” p78

VillageSocial structure江⼾時代の農村組織

Provincial governmentheaded by lord in castle town

In case of area directly governed by Edo Government, the magistrate’s

office (Daikansho) controls area

Han

unenfranchised farmers(mizumoni水吞)- limited rights

Subgroups of five households( Goningumi五人組 )

enfranchised farmers(land owning peasants)

Village officials(Sanyaku三役)pass down decrees from above,pass information and requests

from village upwards

Headcontact with other villages maintained

through officials

引用Azby Brown著 “ Just Enough” p66

Recycle business再⽣利用

lacquer coated bowlfor repair and recycle

古椀買い

broken umbrellafor wrapping paper

古傘買い

thin strip of woodsmeared with sulfer

to light a fire付け木売り

used broomfor making brush

箒買い

recovery of meltedcandle wax for remaking蠟燭の流れ買い

ash collectionfor fertilizer灰買い

secondhand clothing古着屋

used barrelfor recycle空樽買い

Garbage　collection

collection andclassification of waste

fuel/fertilizer/reclamationごみ取り

horse dung collectionfor fertilizer⾺糞拾い