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EffCoBuild

Existing Framework and Instruments

Country report – Slovak republic Regionálna energetická agentúra Šaľa Partizánska 20 927 01 Šaľa tel./fax. 00421 /0/31 7706259 e-mail: [email protected] Mesto Šaľa Námestie Sv. Trojice 7 927 15 Šaľa tel. 00421/0/31 7705985 fax.00421/0/31 7706021 e-mail: [email protected]

June 2006

________________________________________________________________________EffCoBuild – Existing framework and instruments – Slovak Republic - Šaľa

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Content:

1. Economic Framework in the Community..........................................3 2. Financing framework.........................................................................11

3. Legal framework.................................................................................15

4. Know-how /technical framework......................................................17

5. Possibilities to improve framework..................................................18

6. Summary.............................................................................................21


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1. Economic Framework in the Community The town Šaľa, which is situated at the north part of the Danube flat at the both sites of the river Váh, had been developing in the region, which was always playing an important role in the context of central European space. A favourable position, the closeness of the river Váh, and the fact, that Šaľa was located on the crossroads of the “Czech road” and the road from Nitra to Bratislava predetermined its development. Šaľa is a seat of administrative, judicial, school, medical and cultural institutions. There are seven basic schools, secondary grammar school and 4 technical middle schools. It is the town with many important enterprises, well – developed industry and agriculture, with developing tertiary sphere and sport-recreational base. Tourism in this region is based on utilizing the thermal springs. The river Váh is dammed up by the water power station cca 4 km from Šaľa nearby the village Kráľová nad Váhom. So there is a big water- area usable for various recreations. The town Šaľa has been positively developing friend relations with twinned towns – Kuhmo in Finland, Hungarian Oroszlány, Telč in Czech republic, Konskie in Poland and Mogiľov-Podoľskij in Ukraine. Nowadays, the city has nearly 25 thousand inhabitants. In 1961 had the city only 7711 inhabitants, in 1970 it was already 12922 and in 1980 – 19167 inhabitants. In the year 1991 there was then 24 745. By the end of 2000 there were living in the city 25 201 Šaľaer. The chemical company Duslo a. s. was built in Šaľa in 1962, and it has an enormous influence on the development of the number of the inhabitants. In the 60-ties the housing construction was increasing, new streets, roads, gas – water, waste water distribution system, hospital, schools and cultural institutions, trading network, services, sport areas, swimming pool, hotel and other companies of productive or non productive character were settled or built.

Long-term development of the population in the city of Šaľa

1869 1880 1890 1900 1910 1921 1930 SR 2481811 2477521 2595180 2782925 2916867 2993859 3324110Chain growth index

x 99,8 104,7 107,2 104,8 102,6 111,0

City of Šaľa 4039 4178 4326 4750 4890 5241 5858Chain growth index

x 103,4 103,5 109,8 102,9 107,2 111,8

1950 1961 1970 1980 1991 26.5.2001 SR 3442317 4174046 4537290 4991168 5274335 5379455 Chain growth index

103,6 121,3 108,7 110,0 105,7 102,0

City of Šaľa 5811 7701 12922 19167 24776 24873 Chain growth index

99,2 132,5 167,8 148,3 129,3 100,4


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Comparison of the population development Slovak republic versus City of Šaľa

Šaľa is situated in the south-western part of the Slovak republic near to the borders with Austria and Hungary.

In 1996 the district of Šaľa was generated from thirteen basic territories of former districts of Galanta and Nitra. From the original district of Galanta nine communities were separated and these were: the city of Šaľa, then Vlčany, Selice, Neded, Trnovec, Diakovce, Tešedíkovo, Žihárec, Kráľová, Dlhá and from the Nitra district: Močenok, Horná Kráľová and Hájske. In compliance with the territorial and administrative organization the district of Šaľa belongs to Nitra County and is bordered by the districts of Nitra, Galanta, Nové Zámky and Komárno. The city of Šaľa lies on a fertile lowland and is 4.497 hectares large. From this 10,2% is a build-up area and 72,4% is a soil of high quality. On the left bank of the river Váh the suburb Veča is situated that united with Šaľa on January 1st, 1960. The communities Hetméň and Kilič also belong to the city.

ŠAĽA

SR

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6000000

1869

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1930

1950

1961

1970

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1991

26.5.

2001

Mesto Šaľa

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

1869

1880

1890

1900

1910

1921

1930

1950

1961

1970

1980

1991

26.5.

2001


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The present Šaľa is a city with many important companies with traditionally developed agriculture and still developing tertiary sphere. The pillar of the industrial production in Šaľa is the chemical industry represented by Duslo Šaľa. Its activity is concentrated on the processing of natural gas which is the main raw material for the production of ammonia. The company is the biggest producer of nitrogenous manure (granular or liquid) in Slovakia. The production program mainly deals with the production of rubber-making chemicals and car industry. The company employs almost 3000 employees and approximately 80% of products is aimed for the foreign market. Sariana Slovensko is a company solving the problem of women employment. It separated from the former company Trikota Vrbové. Its interest is cutting and sewing clothes and underwear. It exports mainly to Germany and Austria. Invest IN (construction company), Synecta (metal industry), Sigmatech, Metalfin, Menert (process regulation and heat produsction), ProCS (process control systems), Revymont, Bautech Projekt (construction company), Vodomont(construction company), Západná vodárenská spoločnosť – West waterworks company, Phobos – Corporation, Microwell, Slovak waterworks company, Agraria, Techagra, S-armat, Sariana Slovensko, NPG Group, Duslo a.s., SVUM and others are the most important companies in the city. The climatic and soil conditions, high quality of soil and the wide range of built irrigation create suitable conditions for high productivity of agriculture. In the sphere of agriculture the Agrarian cooperative Šaľa and some private farmer have the leading role. It focuses both on plant and animal production. The agricultural production is geared towards the grow of cereals, oil plants, beets, vegetable and fruit in plant production and breeding of beef cattle and hogs in animal production. An outstanding position within the Slovak federation of hunters belongs to Zverex - an exporter of venison founded in 1952. The flesh is transported from 46 Slovak cities and after processing it is in 80% exported to French, German and Italian markets. BUSINESS The city registers approximately 3000 entrepreneurs or businessmen from which circa 500 are legal persons and the rest comprises physical persons. The business net of the city is complemented by hyper and supermarkets (Jednota SD, Billa, Tesco, Kaufland) private groceries, clothes shops, furniture shops, drugstores. An interesting place where to sell and buy is the market hall by the bridge. It is an all-purpose building with 50 bar stands, 9 operating units and 48 garages. The market hall serves also for the organization of the traditional„Šaľa market“. The Fair of traditional crafts which takes place in Šaľa every year during the last weekend of June deserves to be classified as a tradition as well. SERVICES Petrol stations of Slovnaft, Shell, G&G, Extrabenz, a pump working on alternative propane-butane drive with service for rebuilding cars on propane-butane of the company Alpex and a new centre of technical check-up of passenger cars and trucks


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with a car-service offer their services to citizens and visitors. Within the existing structure of services a few car-services and car shops are included. In the sphere of private enterprise a positive development has been noticed during the last few years especially in the improvement of the material and technical base. In the building of Central facilities for citizens (COV) in Šaľa-Veča some possibilities were created for new processing units mainly for business activities. Since September 1997 the City police of Šaľa has its residence here. The restaurants like CORGOŇ, HEPAJ, VIECHA, U ŠVÉDA, CENTRO, DOMINO, AMAZONA, TROPICANA, LUKAS, ÁČKO, G&G , BISTRO-BAR LUCIA, YPS, LA GONDOLA, the moto-rest ASTRA, hotel CENTRÁL and others set up great opportunities for an enjoyable sit. INFRASTRUCTURE Administrative, educational, health care, cultural and judicious institutions of the district have their seat in Šaľa. The central image of the city is formed by the Square of the Holy Trinity. The axis of the city is the Main street (Hlavná ulica) bordered by the Roman- Catholic Church and the statue of the Holy Trinity, the municipality and the local office. The city gradually changes its face by building up new housing estates and buildings. The architectonical image of Veča is made up of a housing estate with blocks of flats where the most dominant is the Roman-Catholic church at the Square of Pribina. (Pribinovo námestie). Public sewerage is built in the city. From each side of the river Váh an individual sewage system finishing in sewage water treatment plan is constructed. 98% of citizens is linked to the sewerage. Nowadays there is realised a project financed from the EU ISPA– Waste water disposal system of the region Šaľa –where the waste water treatment plant should be reconstructed, its capacity should be increased, the waste water disposal system in the nearest 6 communities should be constructed and connected to Sala. Hydro-electric power station Kráľová with high production capacity /a top power station/ is situated near the city. The transmission of electric power is ensured through the wiring. The city of Šaľa is supplied with electric power from the main electric cross – the distribution point Križovany nad Dudváhom.


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Main roads in the city. Water distribution system

Electricity Gas distribution system


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Waste water disposal system

Project EffCoBuild reflects the public buildings. The partners of the project REA and City of Sala can successfully affect efficiency in energy area only of objects in ownership of the city. For this reason our attention will focus to these 32 objects in the ownership of the City of Šaľa: Culture house, Community house Veča, Library, Amphitheatre, Market house, Toilets Vlcanska, Toilets Nesporova, Cemetery Sala, Cemetery Veca, Winter stadium, Sport hall, Football stadium Sala, Football stadium Veca, Area Dolna, City hall, COV, Elementary School Bernolakova, Elementary School Holleho, Elementary School Horna, Elementary School Kratka,


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Elementary School Pazmanya with Hungarian language, Elementary School Pionierska, Kindergarden Budovatelska, Kindergarden Druzstevna, Kindergarden Holleho, Kindergarden Nesporova, Kindergarden Okruzna, Kindergarden 8 Maya, Kindergarden J.Palarika, Kindergarden Safarika, Free time centre, Basic Art school Kukucinova (second building on the Hlavna ul.) From these mentioned objects 16 are heated by Central heating, 10 have individual heating system through gas boiler and 6 objects are not heated for the reason of seasonal use. Tab.1 Average energy consumption and costs of public buildings in the year 2005 in the City of Šaľa

Electric energy Individual heating - gas Central heating

Objects kWh Sk M3 Sk GJ Sk

Culture house 51904 226500 0 0 2183 1336510Community house Veca 4590 22500 13779 150400,5 0 0

Library 10357 47500 0 0 437 263433 Amphitheatre 6646 31000 0 0 0 0 Market house 39606 177600 0 0 0 0 Toilets Vlcanska 9670 42000 0 0 0 0 Toilets Nesporova 4745 21500 0 0 0 0 Cemetery Sala 6436 30200 7559 85882 0 0 Cemetery Veca 2537 11700 0 0 0 0 Winter stadium 134976 688774 22416 238237 0 0 Sport hall 91824 495000 0 0 2109 1228400Football stadium Sala 49413 229200 27120 326252 0 0

Football stadium Veca 13100 52500 0 0 0 0

Area Dolna 53250 231000 24307 266130 0 0 City hall 88413 423883 39030 404072 0 0 COV 156603 775232,4 0 0 227660 1410955Elementary School Bernolakova 36213 136559 31336 910000 0 0

Elementary School Holleho 39900 240328 0 0 3380 2133000


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Public buildings mentioned above fall in demands of electrical energy into these tariffs: 1. StandardPower – price 2,12 Sk/kWh for one level

2. StandardPowerDuo – price Sk/kWh separately for low and high rate

(low rate during night decrement – 1,32, Sk/kWh,

high rate during the day – 2,22 Sk/kWh)

3. StandardPowerDirect – price 6,48 Sk/kWh during the day

in the night – 0,84 Sk/kWh

(convenient for companies working during the night)

Payments for electrical energy are realised once a month by advanced payments in a base of previous annual consumption and is accounted once a year. In a payment for electrical energy is included not only the sold energy but the distribution of the energy too. The writing off of the electrical energy is carried out by the supplier once

Elementary School Horna 39800 245515 0 0 3423 2199000

Elementary School Kratka 55419 220752 0 0 2233 1217000

Elementary School with Hungarian language

30528 138457 20976 502000 0 0

Elementary School Pionierska 34226 190229 68564 1062000 0 0

Kindergarden Budovatelska 10808 57545 0 0 1216 351555

Kindergarden Druzstevna 22292 126557 0 0 912 658000

Kindergarden Holleho 9228 108527 0 0 913 667000

Kindergarden Nesporova 10729 50163 0 0 606 477000

Kindergarden Okruzna 10205 45571 0 0 861 503000

Kindergarden 8 maya 5248 91691 0 0 871 603000

Kindergarden J.Palarika 9720 110401 0 0 742 667000

Kindergarden Safarika 5977 28148 0 0 363 310000

Free time center 8725 83000 0 0 623 678000 Basic Art school Kukucinova 2871 16381 14950 246000 0 0

Total 1055959 5422913,4 270037 4190973,5 248442 14802853


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a year, but the administrator of the building do the settlement -bill once a month while the building is used by several users. By using of the heat produced by central heating system, the price of the heat for the producers of heat is approved by the Regulation office on request annually. The producer of heat submits the proposed price of heat in Sk/1 GJ in form of application which contents fixed and variable parts. Producer has a contract about the supply of heat and Domestic hot water with users for indefinite period. The writing off is realised once a month and the consumption is possible to monitor and regulate in process through DTS (domestic transfer stations). By individual heating the public buildings have contract about the supply of natural gas with the supplier SPP (Slovak gas industries), where the prices are monitored and regulated also by the state. Public buildings in the City of Sala fall into the rates M3 or M4, which are created from the fix (Sk/month) and variable part (Sk/m3). Each object has separate tariff. The payment for the gas is realised by advanced monthly invoices and at the end of the year the annual account – billing is realised. The writing-off of the consumption is realised once at the end of the year.

In Šaľa there are two big heat producers:

- Menert – Therm Šaľa s.r.o. – heat is produced 100% from gas, they are preparing the project of utilization of biomass

- MET Šaľa spol. s r.o. - heat is produced 100% from gas MET Šaľa spol. s r.o. is supplying heat for 138 objects (Industrial and residential).This company is producing heat in tree central boiler houses with total performance 46,15MW. Menert – Therm Šaľa s.r.o. is supplying 40 objects. Other objects are heated individually. This company is producing heat in two central boiler houses with total performance 12.26MW. 2. Financing framework In the region of Sala is possible to use following forms to increase energy efficiency in objects:

1. Real – estate credit - mortgage

2. Saving for building

3. State fund for development of housing

4. Consumer credit

5. Supporting financial mechanisms of EU

6. Grant schemes of Foundation

1. Real – estate credit- mortgage

Real – estate credits - mortgages are supplied by several banks (VUB, CSOB, Ludova Banka, Tatra Banka, Slovenska Sporitelna, OTP Banka, Unibanka). The harder competition between banks brings advantages to clients, the banks are partly


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decreasing rates of interests and they accept as a deposit right already the not finished constructed real estate too. The Real – estate credits - mortgages are possible to use apart of buying real estate also for reconstruction or rebuilding of the house, flats. Real – estate credits - mortgages is possible to combine with other financial mechanisms. The most used mortgages have the interest rate between 5-7%. The so called “American mortgage has an average interest rate 11%.

2. Saving for building Saving for building is regulated by the law and this saving can be realised only by that banks which obtained bank concession (nowadays it is provided by three building society savings banks). Saving for building consists of saving of the final amount on the account for maximum 6 years with the following possibility to obtain a credit from this bank. In the case the financial resources are needed even before the 6 saving years are finished, it is possible to require intermediate credit. This mechanism is possible to apply only for building and reconstruction purposes. One component of building credits is also the state premium (contribution from state budget) which is provided annually to client directly to his account. In the year 2006 it is possible to obtain maximum amount of financial premium (2000,-Sk ) if you deposit to your account during one calendar year minimum 20 000 Sk.

3. State fund for development of housing (SFDH)

It is one of the cheapest credits for financing, which are regulated by the law. SFDH provides support in the form of credits or non-recurring contributions. The applicant can require this contribution or credit only through communities, which have to check the application and consider the eligibility of applicant. The submitted applications are administrated in the evidence of this fund in accordance to the date of submission and in this order are they processed too. Conditions for persons from children ´s foster homes and from homes of social services for children are assigned individually.

4. Consumer credit This credit is adequate to those applicants who do not fulfil the conditions to obtain real – estate credit - mortgage and it is provided by several banks in Slovakia.

5. Supporting financial mechanisms of EU

There are several grants to increase energy efficiency and for supporting the use of renewable energy resources (this grant schemes are administrated by several ministries according to the character). Applicants in these schemes can not be the physical persons but only legal entities (like state administrations, communities, cities, companies...).


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The advantage of these financial mechanisms is that they provide minimum 50% and maximum 100% of financial resources. The amount of the support is regulated by the documents for the concrete grant call for proposals. It is possible to participate in this grant scheme (if the conditions of eligibility of applicant are fulfilled) by submission of a project to appropriate contract organ.

6. Grant schemes of Foundations

This means to provide financial resources from foundation organization working in the Slovak Republic. The disadvantage of these schemes is, that they are irregularly appearing (they are not announced yearly). To apply for this support are eligible only legal entities, not physical persons by submission of project to appropriate foundation. The level of the support is regulated by the foundation. The capital contribution of the owner of the building and credits of public administration on the level of the city are not created. There were Interviewed 10 partners addressed:

- administrator of public buildings (7 partners)

- producer of heat (1 partner)

- bank institution (1 partner)

- architect (1 partner)

Chart 1: Knowledge of requested partners in the area of financial mechanisms

18%

18%

6%18%

28%

12%

RE SB SF CC EU FGS


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The most known financial mechanism is the saving for building and then real-estate credits-mortgages and consumer credits. Comments: RE – Real estate credit, SB – Saving for building, SF - State fund for development of housing, CC – Consumer credit, EU – Support financial mechanisms of EU, FGS –Grant schemes of Foundations Chart 2: Practical use of financial mechanisms by partners: The most used financial mechanisms are mortgages and the saving for building.

Strengths - wide offer - advantageous interest rates - minimal or non liability - availability of consulting services

Weaknesses

- low awareness of citizens - bad financial situation of inhabitants - wrong technical condition of buildings - stagnation of the housing construction

Opportunities

- Grant schemes of EU – from 50% to 100 % co-financing from EU - State fund for development of housing - bank products - Grant schemes of foundations

Threats

- no acquirement of support from grants - exhaustion of financial sources from the State fund for development of housing - inconvenient changes in the bank products – higher interest rates

34%

0%0%0%

33%

33%

RE SB SF CC EU FGS


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3. Legal framework The property of the town consists of objects owned by the town, the proprietary rights of the town and the proprietary rights of the legal entities established by the town. The property of the town should be increased and valuated and kept substantially undiminished in its value. Donation of the town’s real estate is inadmissible unless a legally binding regulation enacts differently. The property of the town can be used mainly for public purposes, business activity and for performing self- governmental tasks. The property of the town which serves public purposes (local infrastructure and other public areas) is available for public and can be used in the regular way if its using is not limited by the town. Its administration and maintenance falls under the duties of the town and is financed from the town’s budget. Local fees and duties can be charged for its using. The property of the town stated for business activities serves as the proprietary basis for local enterprises or other forms of business activity. The property of the town stated for performing self-governmental tasks can be used for the fulfilment of obligations, catering the needs of the town and for activities performed by local organs. Its administration and maintenance falls under the duties of the town and is financed from the town’s budget or a specific fund. The town can organize a local collection, lottery or other games to raise money for its maintenance, improvement and expansion. The basis of the town’s financial economy is the budget of the town elaborated according to special regulations for the period of one year. The budget of the town contains expenses related to the activities of the self-government, financial relations with the funds for social needs, business subjects in the town and to the state budget of the Slovak Republic. The budget of the town is given publicity at least 15 days before its approval so that the citizens of the town can make their comments on it. The same applies to any modifications of the budget, of the final balance, to a proposal for introducing duties, to launching a voluntary collection and to accepting a loan. The town can decide on introducing duties (contributions, fees, payments in kind), on launching a voluntary collection or accepting a loan for covering any extra expenses. The cash-excess of the budget can be carried over into the following year’s budget or into a fund for a specific purpose. The town keeps the books about the state of preservation and movement of the town’s property as well as about profits, incomes and expenses and the financial relations to the state budget in accordance with a specific law. The public building administrators of the City of Šaľa are responsible for the expenditures for small repairs, reconstructions and maintenance and they plan or


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propose them into the whole city budget, which is approved by the city council. Expenditures for the building management can be included into the budgetary program items:

- 12. public lightning - 15. Property administration and building management - 17. Project management

Calculation of individual costs of one residential building: Residential house: Narcisova 1948 – together with 96 flat units Energy costs in 2005:

Water consumption – 335 335 Sk Domestic hot water – 499 899,-Sk Heating – 655186,-SK

Electric energy and lightning – 20 801,-Sk Lift Maintenance – 27 954.5 Sk Electric energy for lift – 15 575,-SK Together – 1 554 751,-Sk Strengths

- adoption of EU norms and standards - approval of the Energy conception of the city of Šaľa - the membership of the city of Šaľa in the Climate Alliance - no possibility to pawn the buildings of schools - General binding regulation of the city about the principles of the management

of city property - big share of the flats is in the private ownership - No tax by heritage, donation and cession of buildings

Weaknesses - the strategy of the self-government concerning the giving out of decisions in

accordance with the Energy conceptions of the city is not solved yet - not transparent system of administration of housing units in the city - missing legislative regulation of the conditions of disconnection of apartment

units from the central heating system. Opportunities

- the possibility of enterprising for the city by renting its property - the prepared project of outsourcing of the property administration connected

with individual investments

Threats - pawned property – disabled the possibility to apply for EU grants - disconnection of apartment units from the central heating - creation of more smaller sources of pollution


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4. Know-how/ technical framework Citizens of the city of Sala and building administrators are aware of the energy consumption in their objects. The level of their knowledge was either in the past nord nowadays followed up. REA provides since 2004 free energy consulting for citizens of the city of Sala and from April 2006 it has been extended also for Saturdays. Based on the demand for energy consulting it is evident that the citizens are coming with concrete questions after they have already visited several sales persons or distributors of technologies, equipments. In the year 2005 the energy consultancy was used by 0,26 % of the citizens. It was mainly by personal contact (0,09 %), by e-mail (0,05 %) and by telephone (0,12 %). The Energy consultancy is assured also through the web page and through the city newspaper in the form of concrete topics and specials seminars. The level of the knowledge of the requested partners in the area of energy efficiency we have divided into 3 categories:

A. documents, laws, Slovak technical norms (STN)

B. energy efficient equipments, technologies

C. projects

Chart 3 : Percentage level of knowledge of the interviewed partners:

The category B (energy efficient equipments, technologies) concretely includes: - the reconstruction of hot water heating

30%

50%

20%

A B C


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- exchange of boilers for energy less demanding equipments

- insulation of buildings, isolation

- thermo-caps for radiators

- regulating of heating

- low-energy lamps

- exchange of windows and doors for plastic

- solar collectors

- for-insulation of pipelines

Strengths

- the ensured edification by strong companies - free energy consultancy - individual innovative approaches in the praxis (solar cells, low-energy houses)

Weaknesses

- high financial requirements of new technologies - low awareness of inhabitants - unused possibility of free energy consultancy

Opportunities

- realisation of the project EffCoBuild - exchange of know-how with partners from abroad - cooperation with REA - motivation of citizens to effective technologies by increase of prices for

energies - supporting mechanisms of the state

Threats - no interest/resistance from the side of the inhabitants - no support of the innovative technologies by the state

5. Possibilities to improve framework For energy efficiency of public buildings in the city of Šaľa are important the following representatives:

- owners of the buildings

- architects, designers

- energy and consultancy

organizations

- the city of Šaľa – local authority

- users of the buildings

- producers of energy

- financial institutions


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These mentioned representatives only occasionally communicate and there is missing the global view on the problem of energy efficiency in the city of Sala. The better cooperation between these representatives could be assured by greater assistance of the city and city council through the Regional energy agency, which could function as a connection and the point of contact. The improvement of the existing instruments for higher energy efficiency the representatives propose as following: A: documents, laws, strategies:

- tax discounts for investors - execution of analyse of the real status and preparation of energy audits for

public buildings - statement of the current level of energy efficiency in the public buildings and

proposal of the energy efficiency which the city wants to achieve - realization and fulfilling of the visions and objectives of the energy conception

B: energy efficient equipments, technologies

- Support of alternative resources of energy, mainly solar energy and biomass, geothermal energy and privilege of their utilization (VAT, taxes....)

- to decrease the losses of cross – connecting frames, pipelines of central heating

- to increase the know – how of citizens about new saving technologies - to regulate energy systems and consecutive isolation of objects

C: Financial instruments

- to create grant scheme on a level of region

- to extend State fund for development of housing to direct assistance of energy efficiency of residential buildings

- to include energy efficiency again into grant schemes of EU and their

extension Very important is the first step to achieve energy efficiency, from which further saving of energy in the city of Sala can be developed. The interviewed representatives see „the first step“ mainly in:

- to inform the public through consultancy, media - to realise concrete projects like geothermal borehole and reconstruction of

boiler to biomass - to calculate the energy and financial savings in utilization more effective

technologies and equipments - primary investment to energy efficiency from the side of city by introduction of

effective technologies and equipments


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Chart 4: Importance of the particular steps to achieve energy efficiency

Strengths

- Energy conception of the city - reconstruction of the elementary school from EU grant - particular steps – energetic measures with the support of EU - reconstruction of heating system and the following installation of domestic

transfer stations

Weaknesses - missing global view on energy efficiency - undersized budget for larger investments or repairs of buildings - low buy-up price of the energy from renewable energy sources

Opportunities - better support from the city and the city council through REA - Tax relieves for investors - development of energy audits and studies for public buildings - realisation of objectives and visions of Energy conception of the city - Support of the alternative sources of energy and reduction of the losses in the

heating distribution system - possibility of financial support from EU

Threats - Disconnection from the central heating system - deficient support of the alternative technologies by the state - not achieved objectives stated in Kyoto protocol

to inform the public

energetical andfinancial efficiency

realization ofprojects

primary investment


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6. SUMMARY Based on the realised interviews there should be taken into consideration by the solution of the energy efficiency in the city of Šaľa the following issues:

- low awareness of citizens - bad financial situation of the inhabitants - wrong technical condition of the buildings - stagnation of the housing construction - the strategy of the self-government concerning the giving out of decisions in

accordance with the Energy conceptions of the city is not solved yet - not transparent system of administration of housing units in the city - Missing legislative regulation of the conditions of disconnection of apartment

units from the central heating system. - high financial requirements of new technologies - unused possibility of free energy consultancy - missing global view on energy efficiency - undersized budget for larger investments or repairs of buildings - low buy-up price of the energy from renewable energy sources

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