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EFFECT OF WIRELESS MESH NETWORK ON SOCIAL NETWORK
ACTIVITY
MUHAMAD HAFIZ BIN ABD AZIZ
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM)
ii
PENGARUH JARINGAN MESH TANPA WAYAR PADA KEGIATAN
JARINGAN SOSIAL
MUHAMAD HAFIZ BIN ABD AZIZ
Laporan ini dikemukakan untuk memenuhi sebahagian daripada syarat
penganugerahan Ijazah Sarjana Muda Kejuruteraan Elektronik (Kejuruteraan
Komputer) dengan Kepujian
Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektronik dan Kejuruteraan Komputer
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM)
Mei 2011
iii
EFFECT OF WIRELESS MESH NETWORK ON SOCIAL NETWORK
ACTIVITY
MUHAMAD HAFIZ BIN ABD AZIZ
This report is submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the award of
Bachelor of Electronic Engineering (Computer Engineering) with Honours
Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektronik dan Kejuruteraan Komputer
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM)
May 2011
iv
UNIVERSTI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA
FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRONIK DAN KEJURUTERAAN KOMPUTER
BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS LAPORAN
PROJEK SARJANA MUDA II
Tajuk Projek : EFFECT OF WIRELESS MESH NETWORK ON
SOCIAL NETWORK ACTIVITY
Sesi
Pengajian : 1 0 / 1 1
Saya MUHAMAD HAFIZ BIN ABD AZIZ
mengaku membenarkan Laporan Projek Sarjana Muda ini disimpan di Perpustakaan dengan syarat-
syarat kegunaan seperti berikut:
1. Laporan adalah hakmilik Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka.
2. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan untuk tujuan pengajian sahaja.
3. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan laporan ini sebagai bahan pertukaran antara institusi
pengajian tinggi.
4. Sila tandakan ( √ ) :
SULIT*
*(Mengandungi maklumat yang berdarjah keselamatan atau
kepentingan Malaysia seperti yang termaktub di dalam AKTA
RAHSIA RASMI 1972)
TERHAD**
**(Mengandungi maklumat terhad yang telah ditentukan oleh
organisasi/badan di mana penyelidikan dijalankan)
TIDAK TERHAD
Disahkan oleh:
__________________________ ___________________________________
(TANDATANGAN PENULIS) (COP DAN TANDATANGAN PENYELIA)
Tarikh: ……………………….. Tarikh: ………………………..
v
PENGESAHAN
“Saya akui laporan ini adalah hasil kerja saya sendiri kecuali ringkasan
dan petikan yang tiap – tiap satunya telah saya jelaskan sumbernya.”
Tandatangan :………………………….
Penulis: Muhamad Hafiz Bin Abd Aziz
Tarikh:………………………………….
vi
DECLARATION
“I hereby declare that this report is the result of my own work except
for quotes as cited in the references.”
Signature :………………………….
Author: Muhamad Hafiz Bin Abd Aziz
Date:………………………………….
vii
“Saya akui bahawa saya telah membaca laporan ini dan pada
pandangan saya laporan ini adalah memadai dari segi skop dan
kualiti untuk tujuan penganugerahan Ijazah Sarjana Muda
Kejuruteraan Elektronik (Kejuruteraan Komputer) dengan
Kepujian.”
Tandatangan: …….……………………..
Nama Penyelia: En. Nik Mohd Zarifie Bin Hashim
Tarikh: …………..………………………
viii
“I hereby declare that I have read this report and in my opinion this
report is sufficient in terms of the scope and quality for the award of
Bachelor Degree of Electronic Engineering (Computer Engineering)
with Honours.”
Signature: …………………………………
Supervisor Name: En. Nik Mohd Zarifie Bin Hashim
Date: ………………………………………
ix
PENGHARGAAN
Projek dan kajian terhadap hasil kerja ini saya dedikasikan buat seluruh
keluarga saya terutama sekali kepada kedua ibu bapa saya atas
pengorbanan dan sokongan yang tidak pernah putus sepanjang hidup
saya, adik-beradik saya dan juga rakan-rakan yang sentiasa memberi
sokongan dan dorongan. Serta tidak dilupakan kepada tenaga pengajar
yang banyak memberi tunjuk ajar kepada saya.
x
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This project and research work is dedicated to my beloved parents for
their enthusiastic caring throughout my life, my loving siblings also my
friends for their encouragement and love. Also, not to forget, to lecturers
that shares their knowledge towards me.
.
xi
ABSTRAK
Gangguan Saluran Bertindih (CCI) dan Gangguan Saluran Bersebelahan
(ACI) merupakan salah satu gangguan utama yang ada dalam Rangkaian Jaringan
Tanpa Wayar (WMN). Namun Gangguan Saluran Bertindih diyakini boleh
menjejaskan prestasi Rangkaian Jaringan Tanpa Wayar kerana setiap penghala
jaringan harus beroperasi dalam saluran yang sama, untuk memastikan mereka dapat
berkomunikasi antara satu sama lain. Rangkaian sosial sangat popular sekarang.
Seperti kita ketahui, rangkaian sosial terbahagi kepada dua trafik tanpa pengaliran
dan trafik pengaliran. Kajian pada tahun 2010 menunjukkan bahawa Gangguan
Saluran Bertindih di Rangkaian Jaringan Tanpa Wayar di 2.4 GHz memberi
implikasi yang teruk kepada aplikasi tanpan pengaliran. Punca utama kepada
masalah ini disebabkan oleh kekurangan saluran di 2.4GHz. Masalah ini mungkin
dapat dikurangkan bagi penghala yang beroperasi pada 5GHz. Oleh kerana itu,
menarik untuk mempelajari pengaruh Gangguna Saluran Bertindih di Rangkaian
Jaringan Tanpa Wayar pada pola trafik yang berbeza dalam rangkaian sosial di 5GHz
band untuk mengamati apakah kekuranagn saluran sebenarnya memberikan
sumbangan terhadap Gangguan Saluran Bertindih tinggi di 2.4GHz. Tujuan
utamanya adalah untuk menyiasat apakah Gangguan Saluran Bertindih
mempengaruhi prestasi daya pengukur pada protokol tanpa pengalir dan protokol
pengalir di Rangkaian Jaringan Tanpa Wayar di 5GHz. Perbandingan harus dibuat
dengan 2.4GHz keputusan. Dalam tesis ini, Rangkaian Jaringan Tanpa Wayar uji-
tempat tidur dirancang dan dikembangkan dengan menggunakan 4 router mesh.
Prestasi dari setiap pelanggan mesh dinilai dengan mengukur daya pengukur dari
Rangkaian Jaringan Tanpa Wayar dan Rangkaian Kawasan Setempat Tanpa Wayar
menggunakan perisian yang sesuai. Kemudian data throughput antara Rangkaian
Jaringan Tanpa Wayar dan Rangkaian Kawasan Setempat Tanpa Wayar
dibandingkan dan dianalisa. Keputusan yang diperolehi pasti berbeza dari 2.4GHz
Rangkaian Jaringan Tanpa Wayar. Daya pengukur untuk Rangkaian Jaringan Tanpa
xii
Wayar menggunakan 5GHz band ini jauh lebih baik dari 2.4GHz Rangkaian Jaringan
Tanpa Wayar. Selain mengetahui berapa daya pengukur sangat dipengaruhi dari
Gangguan Saluran Bertindih, hasil antara Rangkaian Jaringan Tanpa Wayar dan
Rangkaian Kawasan Setempat Tanpa Wayar berbanding dan hasilnya tak terduga.
Tidak ada yang lebih besar berbeza dalam jangka masa throughput di Rangkaian
Jaringan Tanpa Wayar. Penelitian ini disimpulkan bahawa terdapat prestasi yang
lebih baik dicapai dalam Rangkaian Jaringan Tanpa Wayar menggunakan 5GHz
pada masa yang sama mengurangkan kesan Gangguan Saluran Bertindih di
Rangkaian Jaringan Tanpa Wayar.
xiii
ABSTRACT
Co-Channel Interferences (CCI) and Adjacent Channel Interference (ACI) are
among the major interferences exists in wireless mesh network (WMN). However
CCI is believed to affect severely WMN because each mesh routers must operate in
the same channel to make sure they can communicate each other. Social network is
very popular now. As we know, the social network consist both non-streaming and
streaming traffics. Study in year 2010 shows that CCI in WMN at 2.4GHz affected
severely non-streaming applications. The main reason suggested for the problem is
due to poor channelization at 2.4GHz. The problem is claimed may be reduced for
devices operating at 5GHz. Therefore, it is interesting to investigate the effects of
CCI in WMN on different traffic patterns in social network at 5GHz band to observe
whether poor channelization was actually contributed to the higher CCI at
2.4GHz. The main objective is to investigate whether CCI affecting the throughput
performance of both non-streaming and streaming protocols in WMN at 5GHz.
Comparison shall be made with 2.4GHz results. In this thesis, WMN test-bed was
designed and developed using 4 mesh routers. The performance of each mesh client
was evaluated by measure the throughput/goodput of WMN and WLAN using
suitable software. Then the throughput data between WMN and WLAN was
compared and analysed. The results obtained are definitely differ from 2.4GHz
WMN. Throughput for WMN using 5GHz band was much better than 2.4GHz
WMN. In addition to know how much the throughput was affected from CCI, the
results between WMN and WLAN were compared and the results were unexpected.
There were no larger different in term of throughput in WMN. The research was
concluded that there a better performance achieve in WMN using 5GHz in the same
time it reduce the impact of CCI in WMN.
xiv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE
TAJUK PROJEK ii
PROJECT TITLE iii
REPORT VERIFICATION STATUS FORM iv
PENGISYTIHARAAN v
DECLARATION vi
PENGISYTIHARAAN PENYELIA vii
SUPERVISOR DECLARATION viii
PENGHARGAAN ix
ACKNOLEDGEMENT x
ABSTRAK xi
ABSTRACT xiii
TABLE OF CONTENTS xiv
LIST OF TABLES xvii
LIST OF FIGURES xviii
LIST OF TERMS xix
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND 1
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT 2
1.3 OBJECTIVES 3
1.4 CONTRIBUTION 3
1.5 THESIS ORGANIZATION 4
xv
2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 INTRODUCTION 5
2.2 WIRELESS LAN 5
2.2.1 TECHNOLOGY 5
2.2.2 ARCHITECTURE AND
TECHNOLOGY
7
2.3 WIRELESS MESH NETWORK 9
2.3.1 TECHNOLOGY 9
2.3.2 ARCHITECTURE AND
TOPOLOGY
10
2.4 ELECTROMAGNETIC
INTERFERENCES (EMI)
12
2.4.1 SOURCE OF CO-CHANNEL
INTERFERENCES (CCI)
12
2.4.2 SOURCE OF ADJACENT
CHANNEL
INTERFERENCES (ACI)
12
2.4.3 CCI & ACI in WLAN 13
2.4.4 CCI & ACI in WMN 14
2.5 TRAFFIC FLOW IN WIRELESS
NETWORK
14
2.5.1 NON-STREAMING TRAFFIC 14
2.5.2 STREAMING TRAFFIC 14
2.6 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
PARAMETER
15
2.6.1 RECEIVED POWER, Pr 15
2.6.2 THROUGHPUT &
GOODPUT
17
2.7 SUMMARY 18
xvi
3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0 INTRODUCTION 19
3.1 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP 19
3.1.1 MEASUREMENT TESTBED 19
3.1.2 HARDWARE AND
SOFTWARE
20
3.1.3 FLASHING ROUTER 23
3.1.4 IP & MAC
CONFIGURATION
24
3.2 RSSI MEASUREMENT METHOD 25
3.3 THROUGHPUT MEASUREMENT
METHOD
27
3.3.1 NON-STREAMING
PROTOCOLS
27
3.3.2 STREAMING PROTOCOLS 27
3.4 SUMMARY 27
4 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
4.1 INTRODUCTION 28
4.2 MEASURE AVERAGE RSSI 29
4.3 MEASURE NON-STREAMING
THROUGHPUT
33
4.4 MEASURE STREAMING
THROUGHPUT
40
4.5 SUMMARY 44
5 CONCLUSION and FUTURE WORK 45
REFERENCES 46
xvii
LIST OF TABLES
NUMBER TITLE PAGE
Table 2.1 Transmission Power and Gain used in
Transmitter and Receiver
16
Table 3.1 Wireless equipment used in WMN and
WLAN network performance measurement.
21
Table 3.2 Laptop specification s used in WMN and
WLAN network performance measurement.
22
Table 3.3 IP and MAC Address Assignment 24
xviii
LIST OF FIGURES
NUMBER TITLE PAGE
Figure 2.1 Infrastructure Wireless LAN Architecture 7
Figure 2.2 Ad-hoc WLAN architecture 8
Figure 2.3 Mesh Architecture 10
Figure 2.4 Mesh Topology 11
Figure 2.5 ACI Figure 13
Figure 3.1 Testbed Configuration 20
Figure 3.2 MAC Address Assignment 24
Figure 3.3 WMN Configuration 25
Figure 3.4 WLAN Configuration 26
Figure 4.1 RSSI for Router 1.3 29
Figure 4.2 RSSI for Router 1.4 30
Figure 4.3 RSSI for Router 1.5 31
Figure 4.4 RSSI for Router 1.6 32
Figure 4.5 Non Streaming Throughputs Router 1.3 33
Figure 4.6 Non Streaming Throughputs Router 1.4 35
Figure 4.7 Non Streaming Throughputs Router 1.5 37
Figure 4.8 Non Streaming Throughputs Router 1.6 38
Figure 4.9 Streaming Throughputs Router 1.3 40
Figure 4.10 Streaming Throughputs Router 1.4 41
Figure 4.11 Streaming Throughputs Router 1.5 42
Figure 4.12 Streaming Throughputs Router 1.6 43
xix
LIST OF TERMS
WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
WMN Wireless Mesh Network
CCI Co-Channel Interferences
ACI Adjacent Channel Interferences
TCP Transmissions Control Protocol
UDP User Datagram Protocol
EMI Electromagnetic Interferences
AP Access Point
1
Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 Project Background
This research was done in order to measure the performance of Wireless
Mesh Network (WMN) and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) for non-
streaming and streaming protocols that exist in social networking under
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) influences. The measurement was performed in
UTeM. The performance was measured in term of throughput and Receive Signal
Strength Indicator (RSSI).
2
1.2 Problem Statement
In WMNs, the major problem that always occurs and cannot be removing is
Co-Channel Interference (CCI). Besides of that, the Adjacent Channel Interference
(ACI) also occurs but it is just a minor problem. This CCI occurred because in the
way of WMN configuration, the channel between routers should be the same in a
way to make them communicate with each other. Little is known whether this
configuration will affect the performance of streaming and non-streaming
applications in social networking. A comprehensive study to investigate the impact
of CCI on the non-streaming and streaming protocols in social networking is really
useful to assist any protocol modification if needed in future design of social
networking.
3
1.3 Objectives
To investigate the effects of CCI on streaming and non-streaming protocols.
To compare the performance between WMN and WLAN in terms of
throughput and RSSI.
To compare network performance at 2.4 and 5 GHz.
1.4 Contribution
A paper with title “Analysis of Lightning-induced Transient in Wireless
Communication System” has been published.
A WMN test-bed has been setup for this research that covers FEKK building.
4
1.5 Thesis Organization
This thesis contains five chapters that explain in details about the project to
provide the understanding of the whole project.
Chapter 1 is introduction of the project which is the effect of wireless mesh
network on social network activity. This chapter presents the project background,
problem statement, project objectives, motivation, contribution and thesis
organization.
Chapter 2 is focusing on the literature review of project. In this chapter, the
interference issue in WMNs and WLANs will be discussing together with the traffic
characteristic of streaming and non-streaming applications. Explanation about
interference effect on all 802.11 technology also been discussed on this chapter.
Chapter 3 describes in details the methodology to setup WMNs and WLANs
test-bed by using router WRT610N v2 and the procedures to measure throughput and
RSSI for both WMNs and WLANs.
Chapter 4 is about network performance analysis. All results from the
measurement is analysed in this chapter. Analysis covered RSSI, non-streaming
throughput and streaming throughput.
Chapter 5 concludes the thesis and projects future work that can be continued form
this research.
5
Chapter 2
Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
In this chapter we describe literature study about 802.11 Wireless Local Area
Network (WLAN) and Wireless Mesh Network (WMN). Both of them experiencing
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) problem namely Adjacent Channel Interference
(ACI) and Co-Channel Interference (CCI). Those EMI affects the performance of
802.11 WLAN and WMN whether operating at 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz frequency.
2.2 Wireless LAN [2,5]
2.2.1 Technology
WLANs give an access to network communication with specific range
using 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz radio frequency. This method is more conventional
than using RJ 45 cable. WLANs are used to extend the coverage of local
area network without having mess up with RJ 45 cable. WLANs coverage
are expand using a device called Access Point (AP) that connected to the RJ
45 cable. Client connected to AP using wireless network card. Using IEEE
term, WLAN is described as 802.11 technologies. Four technologies that
been used in wireless network are 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g and 802.11n.
Each technology is differentiating by term of radio frequency, bandwidth
