EGYPT
Egypt is an Arab country in North Africa and the Middle East,
limited to the north of the Mediterranean Sea, east of Gaza Strip
by Israel, the Gulf of Aqaba (through which he has contact with
Jordan and Saudi Arabia) and the Red Sea, south and west of Sudan
is Libia.Capitala to Cairo.
Misr, Egypt's official Arabic name, is of Semitic origin,
probably meaning 'country' or 'a state'.
Egypt name has its origins in the Latin word Aegyptus derived
from ancient Greek "aiguptos, which in turn is derived from the
ancient Egyptian phrase wt-k3-PTH (Hut ka Ptah"), the name of a
temple of the god Ptah at Memphis . The regularity and richness of
the Nile overflows and isolation caused by some eastern and western
deserts, have led to the development of one of the most important
civilizations of antiquity.
Nile Valley, close between high and rocky shores, has forged
several millennia before our era an ancient Mediterranean
civilization of the world, that of Ancient Egypt.
She shows us the oldest country in the world, above all others,
endowed with an administration, a tax, justice and the army were
comparable to those born later in countries on all continents,
before and after our era. But the world of ancient Egypt has
conceived a brilliant spiritual culture that admired the ancient
Greeks and Romans and wondered where the crowds of tourists are now
to contemplate the temples, pyramids and obelisks erected by the
Pharaohs and their subjects. First UK was founded by King Menes,
around 3200 BC, was ruled by many dynasties almost three millennia.
Pharaoh Ramses Under Tutmes and by the conquest of Africa and Asia,
Egypt becomes an empire.
The last native dynasty fell under the domination of the
Persians in 595 BC and then conquered by Alexander the Great in 320
BC
Egyptian art and monuments not only attracted by huge and
mysterious beauty of their beauty and enigmatic ancient Greeks and
Romans as we, today, travelers would come to find culture,
especially in Egypt, "Egyptian wisdom" that they knew a Thales,
Pythagoras, Herodotus, Plato, Solon, Licurg or Plutarch. The Arabs
conquered Alexandria in 641 and 646 completing the Muslim conquest
of Egypt and ending 975 years of Greco-Roman rule over Egypt.
In addition to the capital Cairo, Egypt's other major cities are
Alexandria, al-Mansurah, Aswan, Asyut, El-Mahalla El-Kubra, Giza,
Hurghada, Luxor, Kom Ombo, Port Safaga, Port Said, Sharm el Sheikh,
Shubra-El -Khem, Suez Zagazig. On the territory of Egypt and spread
of the Sahara Desert and the Libyan desert. There are oases, among
which are the Bahariya, Dakhleh, Farafra, Kharga and Siwa. Egypt is
bordered by Libya to the west, south Sudan and north-eastern
Israel. Country controls Suez Canal, linking the Mediterranean to
the Red Sea. The important role that Egypt plays in the
geopolitical comes from its strategic position as a land bridge
between Africa and Asia, and the crossing point between the
Mediterranean and Indian Ocean
Egyptian Art He said very often about Egyptian art is an art
that hieratic, which are characters representing the conventional
attitudes, formal, rigid, according to the rules set by religious
canons. In reality it is rather a funerary art, the art of the cult
of the dead whose monuments were designed in various forms. It
would be incorrect to consider the works of Egyptian art as an
expression of intense religious life. Egyptian art is not an
endorsement nor a belief in divine transfiguration life hot Maat
statutes representing truth and justice. This art expresses the
longing for happiness in this world, those noble, rich and powerful
continue to the next world. We admire the aesthetic value of many
works of Egyptian art, but we can not ignore the fact that they
were created at the cost of large human suffering. Herodotus
relates, admiring the pyramids, suffering and hard work of the
Egyptians to lift them: "It took twenty years to build the pyramid
itself is ..." On the pharaoh who built it says: "After Cheops
reigned, the people He endured all kinds of suffering ... he forced
the Egyptians to work for him. Some gave the task to draw up the
Nile shore stones extracted from Libyan (Libyan bank = bank of the
Nile). They work tirelessly in the number of one hundred thousand,
change every three months. Overwhelmed people built the road that
the stones were brought in ten years, and it was a work, with
slightly less than the pyramid itself, as far as it seems. " Sure
there is, however, that Egyptian art for over thirty-three
centuries, that is, as stated by E. Drioton and P. du Bourguet Art
Pharaohs in their study, more than any other in the world.
Remarkable thing is that since she left us the greatest number of
testimonies of its height, even more than the art of Greek-Roman or
Babylonian asiro. But the Egyptians had no concept of art in the
sense that we know today. Their artists, sculptors and painters, is
confused with artisans. Only in Greece century. VI-V BC sculptor
and painter gets a special status among artisans. Most works of art
precisely because they are anonymous Egyptian artist was not
considered worthy of special honor. On the other hand, Egyptian art
was an art engaged with specific purposes. It was not intended to
achieve beauty, I would like an Orthodox icon is not striving to
express beauty, but to represent an allegory of good and of virtue.
Regarding the Egyptian concept of beauty is known that this term
has the meaning of "good" (moral and utilitarian) and means
"beautiful" (aesthetic). These trends are visible from the old
empire, where the two meanings coexist. The Greek word "beautiful"
- Kalos becomes the meaning of "good" only in the Christian era.
Egyptian artwork should not be admired for her beauty, but
understood, interpreted by releasing the magical and mythical
meaning for which it was created. Her message should be read and
placed in relation to circumstances, places, characters, deities,
mythical episodes or actions referred to magic. An Egyptian artwork
should therefore not admired for her beauty, but read, understood
in the sense that Spinoza writes: "Non rider flair nec, neque sed
intelligere wonders" ("Do not laugh, not cry, nor to admire but to
understand "). Egyptian art is worth immobility, that no changes in
taste, no external influences could not ever change this art. This
immobility immobility should not be blamed on Egyptian beliefs and
religions, but on the stability and consistency tribute mode of
production, which was maintained until the time of the Byzantine
and Arab rule. And prohibitions have remained unchanged ritual,
spells, chants, myths, sacred ceremonies and magical practices that
we call "Egyptian religions." With the decline of Egypt and the
victory of Christianity is developing a different art, different
from the "archaic" Egyptian. How many essential characters of the
Egyptian creation through the ages such as:* An Egyptian artwork is
very easily recognized among many other works because it is
absolutely specific attributes. Egyptian art is striking uniqueness
of any single scholar by the originality of its constituent
characters.* An Egyptian artwork is not a free creation, a search
of beauty in itself, but it has a mythical or mystical connection
to be searched and identified.* Immobility Egyptian art and its
lack of development are consequences of immobility tribute mode of
production.* Egyptian art was anonymous and only rarely do not know
the names of painters or sculptors who have completed an opera.
This is due to the fact that a work have collaborated many
artisans, as collective artistic creation. Diodorus of Sicily
writes: "Thus, once the creators have agreed among themselves on
the height of the statue, go to each party at home that they have
chosen."* The Egyptian painting and sculpture artists use a lot of
rules about the proportions of the human body, canon: the human
face representation and face generally follows a convention imposed
by the magical and mythical background of Egyptian art.* The colors
in the paintings, like those that covered the statue, had a magical
effect. Egyptian art in chronological order to study the criterion
is meaningless for two reasons. The first is due to the immobility
of art, which is the creation of the old empire to be similar to
those of the first millennium BC The second reason is that in the
history of Egyptian art there was a time marked by archaism, the
dynasty and websites, when they began to reproduce similar works of
the old empire.
References:* Daniel, Constantin - spiritual culture of ancient
Egypt, Romanian Publishing House, Bucharest, 1985* Drimba Ovidiu -
History Culture and Civilization, Vol I, Scientific and
Encyclopedic Publishing House, Bucharest, 1984* Popa, Eugen -
Egyptian Journal, Sport-Turism Publishing House, Bucharest, 1988*
Hitt, Philip K. - History of the Arabs, translation, notes and
index: Irina Vainovski-Mihai, Bucharest, Editura All, ISBN:
973-571-855-8
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