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ehl;bw;F ntspNa thOk; thf;fhsh;fSf;Fthf;Fupikapidg;ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;FtoptFj;jy;;
ehl;bw;F ntspNa thOk; thf;fhsh;fSf;Fthf;Fupikapidg;ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;FtoptFj;jy;;
,yq;ifapy; rh;trd thf;Fupik mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;L xd;gJ
jrhg;jq;fs; fle;J tpl;l epiyapy; ehk; ,d;W ,Uf;fpd;Nwhk;.
,r; rh;trd thf;Fupikapd; mwpKfkhdJ
re;Njfj;jpw;fplkpd;wp murpay;- nghUshjhu fhuzpapid
Gjpa xU gupzhkj;jpw;F ,l;Lr; nrd;wJ. ,Ue;j NghjpYk;
,yq;ifapy; fhzg;gLfpd;w gpujpepjpj;Jt [dehafj;jpd;
,Ug;G epiyia xUth; EZf;fkhf mtjhdpg;ghuhapd;
,Jtiu rupahd Kiwapy; jPh;tspf;fg;glhj ,uz;L
gpur;rpidf;Fupa gFjpfs; ,Ug;gjid mtjhdpf;f ,aYk;.
1.khw;Wj;jpwdhspfs; jkJ thf;Fupikiag;
gpuNahfpg;gjw;Ff; fhzg;gLfpd;w Fiwthd
rhj;jpag;ghl;Lj;jd;ik
2.ntspehl;by; gzpGupfpd;w ,yq;if njhopyhspfs;
jkJ thf;Fupikiag; gpuNahfpg;gjw;Ff; fhzg;gLfpd;w
Fiwthd rhj;jpag;ghl;Lj;jd;ik
,yq;if gpui[fspy; Vwf;Fiwa %d;W kpy;ypad; kf;fs;
jkJ thf;Fupikf;fhd tha;g;gpid ,oe;Jf; fhzg;gLfpd;wdh;.
,t;tsthd vz;zpf;ifAila thf;fhsh;fs; ve;jnthU
Njh;jypdJk; ,Wjp KbtpNy nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jf; $basT
Fwpg;gplj;jf;f tpfpj msT nfhz;l thf;Ffis
cilath;fshf ,Uf;fpd;whh;fs;.
vt;thnwdpDk; ,t; ,uz;L tifahd FOf;fisAk;
mth;fSila thf;Fupikia ,oe;j FOf;fshf fzpj;jy;
ePjpahdjy;y. Vnddpy; tUlhe;jk; Njh;jy;fs;
Mizf;FOtpdhy; thf;fhsh;fisg; gjpT nra;Jf;
nfhs;tjw;fhf nra;ag;gLfpd;w fzf;nfLg;Gr;
nrad;KiwapNy khw;Wj;jpwDs;sth;fis> jw;fhypfkhf
tPl;il tpl;L gpupe;J ntspehl;by; gzpGupe;Jf;
nfhz;bUg;gth;fisg; gjpT nra;tjw;Fj; Njitahd
NghJkhd trjpfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,j;jifa cupikfis
kf;fs; ngw;Wf; nfhz;Ls;s NghJk; ,q;F fhzg;gLfpd;w
gpur;rpid ahnjdpy; ,k;kf;fs; vt;tpj ,ilA+WfSkpd;wp
jkJ thf;fpid nrYj;Jtjid cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;Fj;
Njitahd eltbf;iffs; vJTk; ,d;Dk; xOq;fhd
Kiwapy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gltpy;iy. Nkw;$wg;gl;l gpur;rpidfs;
njhlh;gpyhd jPh;tpidg; ngWtjw;F ,yq;if Njh;jy;fs;
Mizf;FOthdJ gy Kd;Ndw;wfukhd Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fspy;
<Lgl;L tUfpd;wJ vd;gjid ed;wpAlDk;;> ghuhl;Lf;fSlDk;
njuptpj;jy; rhyg; nghUe;Jk;.
Mh;tyh;fshf KbntLf;fpd;w nrad;KiwapNy gq;fspg;Gr;
nrYj;jf; $bath;fshf ,Ug;gpDk; mth;fs; jkJ jha;
ehl;bd; thf;fhsh;fshf jk;ik <LgLj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;Ff;
fhzg;gLfpd;w Fiwthd trjpfs; gpujpepjpj;Jt
[dehafj;jpw;F tplg;gl;bUf;fpd;w xU rthyhFk;.
,yq;ifapy; kl;Lky;yhJ NtW gy njw;fhrpa ehLfspYk;
tUtha;f;fhd gpujhd tskhff; fhzg;gLtJ kj;jpa fpof;F
ehLfspy; gzpg;ngz;fshfg; gzp Gupfpd;w ngz;fspdhy;
fpilf;fg;ngWfpd;w me;epa nryhtzpNa MFk;. ,j;
jug;gpduhy; ehl;bw;F fpilf;fg;ngWfpd;w rpwg;ghd
NritapidAk; kw;Wk; ,th;fshy; ehl;bw;Ff; fpilf;fpd;w
tUthapd; ngWkjpapidAk; mq;fPfupj;jy; murhq;fj;jpdJ
flikAk; nghWg;GkhFk;. ,J njhlh;gpNy gpypg;igd;];
Nghd;w ehLfspNy mth;fSila ehl;Lg; gpui[fspdhy;
Vida ehLfSf;F toq;fg;gLfpd;w Nrit njhlh;gpyhd ,U
jug;G xg;ge;jq;fis Nkw;nfhs;Sjypid Nghw;Wjw;Fupa xU
topKiwahff; nfhs;Sjw;fpaYk;. vt;thnwdpDk;
,yq;ifapidg; nghWj;jtiuapy; nghWg;gpidf; nfhz;Ls;s
egh;fshy; ,j;jifanjhU epiyahd nfhs;if
cs;thq;fg;gl;Ls;sikia mtjhdpf;f KbahJs;sJ.
01
ehl;bw;F ntspNa thOk; thf;fhsh;fSf;Fthf;Fupikapidg; ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;F toptFj;jy;;
ntspehLfspy; gzpGupAk; ,yq;ifj; njhopyhspfspd; thf;Fupik
khw;Wj;jpwdhspfspd; thf;FupikapidcWjpg;gLj;Jjy;
,r;nra;KiwahdJ vjph;fhyj;jpy; eilngw ,Uf;fpd;w
Njh;jy;fspd; NghJ fz;ghh;itaw;wth;fs; gad;gLj;jf; $ba
gpnuapy; (Brail) thf;Fr;rPl;Lf;fis itg;gjD}lhf
fz;ghh;itaw;wth;fSf;Fk;> kw;Wk; Vida midj;J
,yq;ifapypUe;J ntspehLfSf;Fr; nrd;Wg; gzpGupfpd;w
,yq;ifj; njhopyhspfs; ,uz;L kpy;ypadpw;Fk;
Nkw;gl;lth;fshf ,Uf;fpd;w NtisapNy ,th;fSila
thf;Ffs; ,th;fs; tPl;bypUe;J ntF J}uj;jpw;fg;ghy;
nrd;W gzpGupe;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;w fhuzj;jpdhy;
midj;J Njh;jypd; NghJk; fzf;nfLf;fg;gLtjpy;iy.
,th;fSila thf;Ffis mspg;gjw;fhd
rhj;jpag;ghl;Lj;jd;ikapid Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLg;gjd;
%ykhf murpay; uPjpahd KbTfis vLf;fpd;w
nrad;KiwapNy mth;fSila njuptpid
Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhd cupikapid Vw;gLj;jpf;
nfhLf;fyhnkd;gjdhy; ,t;thW mth;fSila
thf;Ffis fzf;nfLf;fhJ tpLfpd;wikapid
myl;rpakhf vz;z KbahJ. jw;NghJ epyTfpd;w
cyfshtpa eilKiwapid ghh;f;Fk; xUth; cyfpd; gy
ghfq;fspYk; fhzg;gLfpd;w ngUe;njhifahd kf;fs; rl;l
uPjpahfTk; mNj Ntis rl;lj;jpw;F KuzhfTk;
Ntiytha;g;gpidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; Nehf;fjj;Jld;
mgptpUj;jpaile;j ehLfSf;F ,lk;ngaUfpd;wdh; vd;w
epfo;tpid mtjhdpg;gjpypUe;J tpLglKbahJ. jk;Kila
jha; ehL njhlh;ghd KbntLf;Fk; nrad;KiwfspNy
jkJ tfpgq;fpid epiwNtw;w Mtyhf cs;s
Gyk;ngah;e;Njhiu cs;slf;fpAs;s gy Gyk;ngah;FOf;fs;
gy mgptUj;jpaile;j ehLfspNy cUthf
Muk;gpj;Js;sJ. mT];jpNuypah Nghd;w ehLfspy; trpj;J
tUk; rpq;fs ,d kf;fs; kw;Wk; fdlh Nghd;w ehLfspy;
trpj;J tUk; ,yq;ifj; jkpoh;fs; vd;Nghiu ,jw;F
cjhuzkhff; $wyhk;. ,j;jifa ntspehl;by;
gzpGupfpd;w ,yq;ifj; njhopyhspfspy;
ngUk;ghd;ikahNdhh; xd;wpy; jw;fhypf tprhtpid
cilath;fshf my;yJ ,ul;ilg; gpu[hTupik
cilath;fshff; fhzg;gLfpd;wdh;. ,th;fs; murpay;
khw;Wj;jpwdhspfSf;Fk; Vw;w tifapy; etPd thf;Fr;
rhtb epiyaq;fis ];jhgpg;gJ Kjyhf gy;NtW gl;l
trjpfis cs;slf;fpajhf cs;sJ. ,yq;ifapd;
Njh;jy;fs; Mizf;FOtpd; Kjd;ikahd Fwpf;Nfhs;fspy;
xd;whff; fhzg;gLtJ ‘Njh;jypd; NghJ ve;jnthU
thf;fhsDk; Gwe;js;sg;glf;$lhJ vd;gJthFk;."
ehl;bw;F ntspNa thOk; thf;fhsh;fSf;F thf;Fupikapidg; ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;F toptFj;jy;
Mh;tyh;fshf KbntLf;fpd;w nrad;KiwapNy gq;fspg;Gr;
nrYj;jf; $bath;fshf ,Ug;gpDk; mth;fs; jkJ jha;
ehl;bd; thf;fhsh;fshf jk;ik <LgLj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;Ff;
fhzg;gLfpd;w Fiwthd trjpfs; gpujpepjpj;Jt
[dehafj;jpw;F tplg;gl;bUf;fpd;w xU rthyhFk;.
,yq;ifapy; kl;Lky;yhJ NtW gy njw;fhrpa ehLfspYk;
tUtha;f;fhd gpujhd tskhff; fhzg;gLtJ kj;jpa fpof;F
ehLfspy; gzpg;ngz;fshfg; gzp Gupfpd;w ngz;fspdhy;
fpilf;fg;ngWfpd;w me;epa nryhtzpNa MFk;. ,j;
jug;gpduhy; ehl;bw;F fpilf;fg;ngWfpd;w rpwg;ghd
NritapidAk; kw;Wk; ,th;fshy; ehl;bw;Ff; fpilf;fpd;w
tUthapd; ngWkjpapidAk; mq;fPfupj;jy; murhq;fj;jpdJ
flikAk; nghWg;GkhFk;. ,J njhlh;gpNy gpypg;igd;];
Nghd;w ehLfspNy mth;fSila ehl;Lg; gpui[fspdhy;
Vida ehLfSf;F toq;fg;gLfpd;w Nrit njhlh;gpyhd ,U
jug;G xg;ge;jq;fis Nkw;nfhs;Sjypid Nghw;Wjw;Fupa xU
topKiwahff; nfhs;Sjw;fpaYk;. vt;thnwdpDk;
,yq;ifapidg; nghWj;jtiuapy; nghWg;gpidf; nfhz;Ls;s
egh;fshy; ,j;jifanjhU epiyahd nfhs;if
cs;thq;fg;gl;Ls;sikia mtjhdpf;f KbahJs;sJ.
02
rh;tNjr #oy;;
,yq;ifapypUe;J ntspehLfSf;Fr; nrd;Wg; gzpGupfpd;w
,yq;ifj; njhopyhspfs; ,uz;L kpy;ypadpw;Fk;
Nkw;gl;lth;fshf ,Uf;fpd;w NtisapNy ,th;fSila
thf;Ffs; ,th;fs; tPl;bypUe;J ntF J}uj;jpw;fg;ghy;
nrd;W gzpGupe;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;w fhuzj;jpdhy;
midj;J Njh;jypd; NghJk; fzf;nfLf;fg;gLtjpy;iy.
,th;fSila thf;Ffis mspg;gjw;fhd
rhj;jpag;ghl;Lj;jd;ikapid Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLg;gjd;
%ykhf murpay; uPjpahd KbTfis vLf;fpd;w
nrad;KiwapNy mth;fSila njuptpid
Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhd cupikapid Vw;gLj;jpf;
nfhLf;fyhnkd;gjdhy; ,t;thW mth;fSila
thf;Ffis fzf;nfLf;fhJ tpLfpd;wikapid
myl;rpakhf vz;z KbahJ. jw;NghJ epyTfpd;w
cyfshtpa eilKiwapid ghh;f;Fk; xUth; cyfpd; gy
ghfq;fspYk; fhzg;gLfpd;w ngUe;njhifahd kf;fs; rl;l
uPjpahfTk; mNj Ntis rl;lj;jpw;F KuzhfTk;
Ntiytha;g;gpidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; Nehf;fjj;Jld;
mgptpUj;jpaile;j ehLfSf;F ,lk;ngaUfpd;wdh; vd;w
epfo;tpid mtjhdpg;gjpypUe;J tpLglKbahJ. jk;Kila
jha; ehL njhlh;ghd KbntLf;Fk; nrad;KiwfspNy
jkJ tfpgq;fpid epiwNtw;w Mtyhf cs;s
Gyk;ngah;e;Njhiu cs;slf;fpAs;s gy Gyk;ngah;FOf;fs;
gy mgptUj;jpaile;j ehLfspNy cUthf
Muk;gpj;Js;sJ. mT];jpNuypah Nghd;w ehLfspy; trpj;J
tUk; rpq;fs ,d kf;fs; kw;Wk; fdlh Nghd;w ehLfspy;
trpj;J tUk; ,yq;ifj; jkpoh;fs; vd;Nghiu ,jw;F
cjhuzkhff; $wyhk;. ,j;jifa ntspehl;by;
gzpGupfpd;w ,yq;ifj; njhopyhspfspy;
ngUk;ghd;ikahNdhh; xd;wpy; jw;fhypf tprhtpid
cilath;fshf my;yJ ,ul;ilg; gpu[hTupik
cilath;fshff; fhzg;gLfpd;wdh;. ,th;fs; murpay;
2008 Mk; Mz;L rh;tNjr nghUj;jidfSf;F
mikthf Njrpa Gyk;ngah; nfhs;if njhlh;gpy;
nra;ag;gl;l Kd;nkhopT ahnjdpy; ,yq;iff;F
ntspapy; gzpGupfpd;w ,yq;ifj; njhopyhspfspd;
thf;Fupikapid cWjpg;gLj;Jjy; MFk;.
vt;thnwdpDk; ,yq;iff;F ntspapYs;s ehLfspy;
gzpGupAk; ,yq;ifah;fs; mq;fpUe;Nj jkJ
thf;fpidr; nrYj;JtJ vd;gJ epahakhd mstpy;
nrythfpd;w xU nghwpKiwahFk;. mgptpUj;jpaile;j
gy ehLfs; ,j;jifa trjpfis toq;Ftjpy;iy.
mt;thW Gyk;ngah;e;Js;s njhopyhspfSf;fhd
thf;Fupikiag; ngw;Wf; nfhLf;fpd;w ehLfspYk;
ePz;l fhy Ma;Tfs; elhj;jg;gl;L mjd; gpd;dNu
,t;thf;Fupikf;fhd trjp toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
cjhuzkhf gpypg;igd;]py; ntspehl;by; trpf;fpd;w
jkJ kf;fSf;fhd thf;Fupikapidg; gjpT
nra;tjw;fhd trjpfs; ngw;Wf;
nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sNjhL ,jw;fhd tuyhw;Wg;
ghh;itahdJ 1987 Mk; Mz;L tiuapy; ePz;L
nry;fpd;wikiaf; Fwpg;gplyhk;. mjhtJ 1987 Mk;
Mz;Nl ,J njhlh;ghd Ma;Tfs; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l
NghJk; 2004 Mk; Mz;L jhd; ,J
mKy;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
ehl;Lf;F ntspNa trpf;Fk; thf;fhsh;fs; thf;fspg;gjw;fhd rhj;jpag;ghl;Lj; jd;ikapid Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhf cyfpYs;s gy ehLfspy; cgNahfg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w gy;tif Kiwfs; fPNo Fwpj;Jf; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sd
jpUk;gy; thf;nfLg;G:
xU fLikahd tiutpyf;fzj;jpw;Fs; epd;W
ghh;g;Nghkhf ,Ug;gpd; ,k;KiwikahdJ ehlbw;F
ntspapYs;Nshh; thf;fspff;$ba KiwfSs;
xd;whff; fUjg;gl KbahjJ. ,J ehl;bYs;s gpujhd
tpkhd epiyaj;jpdpy; my;yJ gpujhd jiutop
Eiothapy;fspy; thf;Fr; rhtbfis epWTtjd;
%ykhf nraw;gLj;jg;glf;$ba xU KiwahFk;. ,J
ntspehLfspYss; njhopyhspfs; mth;fSila
thf;Ffis mth;fsJ jha;ehl;bd; Eiotplj;jpy;
mikf;fg;gl;Ls;s thf;Fr;rhtbfspy; gjpT nra;J tpl;L
clNd mth;fs; gzpGupfpd;w ehlbw;Fr; nry;tjw;F
toptFf;Fk;. ,j;jifa thf;fspg;G KiwahdJ
,yhgkspf;ff;$ba Ntiytha;g;Gf;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;w
ehLfspy; gzpGupfpd;wth;fSf;Nf gad;juf;$bajhf ,Uf;Fk;
vd;gJ ftdpf;fg;gl Ntz;banjhU tplakhFk;.
Neub thf;Fr;rhtb:
,k; KiwikahdJ ntspehl;L J}juq;fs; kw;Wk;
J}Jtuhyaq;fSf;F ntspNa thf;Fr; rhtbfis
];jhgpg;gjidf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ. fhuzk; ,j;jifa
,lq;fspNyNa ntspehl;by; gzpGupgth;s; njhlh;ghf
mf;fiw fhz;gpf;fg;gLk;. vt;thnwdpDk; ,j;jifa
thf;Fr;rhtbfis Fwpg;gpl;l ehl;bd; Ms;Gyj;jpy;
mikg;gjw;F Fwpg;gpl;l ehl;bd; rk;kjk; Njit vd;gjdhy;
,t;tplaj;ij mKy;gLj;Jtjw;F ,U ehLfSk;
Ngr;Rthh;j;ijfspy; <LglNtz;baJ mtrpakhfTs;sJ.
J}juf thf;nfLg;G:
,J gy topfspy; Neub thf;nfLg;Gld; xj;jjhFk; vdpDk;>
njhopw;ghl;L uPjpapy; rpf;fy; Fiwe;jjhFk;. vdpDk;
thf;fhsu;fs; jkJ Neuj;jpidAk;> gzj;jpidAk; nryT
nra;J J}jufq;fSf;F tp[ak; nra;J thf;nfLg;gpy; <Lgl
Ntz;bapUg;gjdhy; mth;fs; nraY}f;fj;Jld; thf;fspg;gjpypUe;J mth;fisg; gpd;thq;fr; nra;Ak;. kpff; Fwpg;ghf
kj;jpa fpof;F ehLfspy; gzpg;ngz;fshfTk;> tPl;L Ntiyf;fhfTk; mku;j;jg;gl;bUf;Fk; ,yq;ifg; ngz;fs; J}u
gazq;fis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F v[khdpd; mDkjpapidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tJ rpf;fyhd eltbf;ifahff;
fhzg;gLtjdhy; mth;fs; thf;fhsu;fshfg; gjpT nra;Jf; nfhs;tjpYk; thf;fspg;gjpYk; gy rpf;fy;fis
Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
mQ;ry; Kiw thf;nfLg;G:
,k; Kiwapdpy; thf;Fr;rPl;Lf;fs; gjpT nra;ag;gl;l Gyk;ngau; thf;fhsu;fSf;F mQ;ry; %yk; mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;L
mJ thf;fhsu;fshy; G+uzg;gLj;jg;gl;L thf;nfz;ZjYf;F mQ;ry; %ykhfNt jpUg;gp mDg;gg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,it
tpUe;Njhk;gy; ehLfspd; Nrfupg;G ikaq;fSf;Nfh my;yJ Neubahf jha; ehl;Lf;Nfh mDg;gg;glyhk;. Nju;jy;
Mizahsupdhy; mQ;ry; Nrit mikr;rpd; nrayhsu; NtW mikr;Rf;F khw;wg;gLk; epiyik vOkhdhy; Fwpg;gpl;l
rpy murpaw; fl;rpf;F gf;fr;rhu;ghd ntspg;gLj;jy;fs; Vw;glyhk; vd;w re;Njfq;fs; vOtJld;> czu;r;rpj; jpwd; kw;Wk;
nghWg;Gilik kpf;f Njh;jy; thf;fspg;G vd;w tplaj;jpd; ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; ek;gfj;jd;ik njhlh;gpy; re;Njfk; vOk;
rhj;jpaKz;L.
,iza thf;nfLg;G:
,iza thf;nfLg;ghdJ GjpanjhU Kiwnahd;W vd;gJld; ngsjPf uPjpahd Kiwikapyhd thf;nfLg;gpy; cs;s
gy rpf;fy;fis jtph;j;jJkhFk;. ,J njhlu;gpyhd njhopy;El;g Kd;Ndw;wq;fs; ,d;Dk; Muk;g epiyapNyNa
fhzg;gLtJld;> Kiwahd ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; thf;fhsiu milahsq; fhzy; eltbf;iffspd;wp Njrpa uPjpahd
thf;nfLg;gpw;F ,k;Kiwik gupe;Jiuf;fg;gLtjpy;iy. ,iza ghJfhg;G njhlu;ghd rkurq;fs; Kd;Ndw;wfukhd
njhopEl;g trjpfs; cs;s If;fpa mnkupf;fh Nghd;w ehLfspy; gpd;idajhf mwpf;ifaplg;gl;Ls;s NghJk;; mJ
Nghd;wnjhU Kiwikia cUthf;Ftjpy; ,yq;if Nghd;w ehLfs; jaf;fk; fhl;Lfpd;wd. NkYk; epA+rpyhe;J>
mT];Nuypah Nghd;w ehLfspy; cs;thq;fg;gl;Ls;s njhiyefy; thf;nfLg;G KiwikahdJ ,J njhlh;gpy; ftdjjpw;
nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;banjhd;whFk;.
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03
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04
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fl;Liu : kQ;Rs u[ehaf;f ntspaPL : Nju;jy; td;Kiwfis fz;fhzpg;gjw;fhd epiyak;
Tel: 011 3010664/011 2577334, Fax: 011 2577117, E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.cmev.org
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