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Bulletin of the Geological survey of』Japan,voL35(7),P。315-330,1984 543.8 551.353 550.4(26。03)
丁恥㊧:D貴§誼量畳》磁恥聡藍》£A顧脳》A紀鯉§麗聡轟M:畷職麗㌶c臨麗戴麗
麓:D㊧曜S㈱S醐脇鯉電§盤⑪聡電h輔聯鍵
丁騰聡鱈臨融聡磁S皿⑪欝⑱A麗臨
Minako TERAsHIMA*
TERAsHIMA,Minako(1984)Thedistributionofamino翫cids&ndmonosaccharides indeepsea sediments丘om the Japan trench and slope area_β%JJ.(穿60」.S%γ∂。」ご脚π,voL35(7),
p。315-330。
A恥舘訟e重3Three muddy core samples丘om the Japan Trench and Slope area were studiedfbr
amino acid and monosaccharide geochemistry。
The total carbon content ofthe cores ranges fピom O.86to2.16%and shows a decreasing
trend in the order of P83(Slope area),P84(Japan Trench),and P75(Japan Trench).The
highest amount oforganic carbonin core P83maybedueto theIargestcontributionoforganic
materials and/or good preservation ofthem。
Amino acids and monosaccharides were separated and identi且ed.Total amino acids
are358-2510μ9/9,and total monosaccharides are408-2330μ9/g respectively.The vertical
distribution of total amino acids and tota豆monosaccharides Huctuates extremely,especi翫lly
in core P83(Slope area)。These fluctuation may be caused by diagenetic and/or p&leoenviron-
mental changes。Both total amino acids and total monosaccharides contents ofcore P84are
much higher than those ofcore P75,though both cores were taken fピom the Japan Trench.
The ratio ofD-alloisoleucine to L-isoleucine ofallsamplesf士om core P84is Iess thanO。05which
means that the core sediments are considercd to be ofrecent ages.On the other hand,the ratio
of core P75ranges O。02-0。38with an averageofO。17,suggesting the coresediments isolderth批n
those of core P84.
Manykindsofaminoacids(20)andmonosaccharides(8)fbundinthedeepseasedimentsもuggest that various types oforganisms might be source materials ofthe organic constituents.
亘鵬置⑰魂盟麗量⑭聡
The survey covered the Japan and southem
Kurile Trench and Slope areas has beencarried out by the Geological Survey ofJapan
in1976(HoNzA6哲α1.,1977)。Th酵studies of
seismic reHection records and drilling along
the Japan Trench transect,a part of Deep
Sea Dri11ing Prqiect, International Phase of
Ocean Drilling,have given much geological
and geophysical infbrmation on the Japan
Trench and near shore shelf area (VoN
豆uENE6渉α1。,五978)。These abundant data
(:LuDwING6麺乙,1966,VoN HuENEθ麺」。,1978)
have cleared the stratigraphical and geo一
*Geochemistry and Technical Service Department
tectonical outlines of the Trench。Very little
geochemical infbrmation on the sedimen電s in
theJapan Trench and Slope areas is,however,
available to date.
Protein and carbohydrate in buried sedi-
ments m&y be broken down into component
monomers,such as amino acids and mono-
saccharides,which can be incorporated蓋nto
the humic substances.Therefbre,the under-
standingofalteration ofamino acid and mono-
saccharides in sediments is import&nt to
clarifゾthe魚ctors which control sed三mentary
environment and the geochemical process of
subsequent diagenesis.
The purposes of the present study are:
(1) to investigate the distribution of&m五no
acids and monosaccharides in the Japa聡Trench an(i Slope are, (2) to cl&ri町 the.
一315一
βz6Jl6諭z qブ♂hθ060Jogz診α」3z67びξアげ」のりαη,レわ」。35,ハ石o.7
運
甦塵薫
葦
{
慧
behavior of the organic compounds during
diagenesis,(3)to understand the environment
of sedimentation in the areas by means of
organic geochemistry。
S認朧聖且es麗聡dl A聡題且翼量e麗亘M㊧曲⑪認
The location and other descriptions of
samples are shown in Figs。1,2and Table L
The three muddy core samples studied were
collected with piston corer f妻om the Japan
Trench and Slope area in Apri1」’une,1976.
The core samples are mostly composed ofclay,
intercalating sand and tufflayers.The samples
analyzed in this study were only clay Iayers.
The wet muddy sediments were dried at700C
fbr8h and then,were ground by hand tools
to100mesh powder.
Amino acids in the pulverized samplesΨere
extracted with6N HCI at l10QC fbr24hours.
The amino acid extractes were desalted,with
a Dowex50W column,then eluted withL5N NH40H。Amino ac五ds were analyzed as
o-phtalaldehyde derivatives with a I。C-3A
Shimazu high perfbrmance liquid chromato-
graph fitted with a fluorometer.This method
is more sensitive than the standard ninhydrin
method,although it does not detect secondary
amino acids,such as proline and hydroxyproline。When a marine sediments including a
standard amino acids mixture was desalted
and concentrated in this way,HPLC analysis
showed that the average amino acid recovery
was91%. Monosaccharides in the powdered samples
were extracted with lN H2SO4at I100C fbr
8houres.Acid extracts were neutralized with
Ba(OH)2εmd desalted by passing through a
set of the three columns(both the upper and
thelowercolumnwere且11edwith:Dowex50Wand the middle was Duolite A-4,:DEGENs
6厩1.,1963).Monosaccharides were analyzed
as monoethanolamine derivatives with a ILC-
3A Shimazu high perfbrmance liguidchromatograph 且tted with a fluorometer.1)一fヒuctose,1』一arabinose and L-fhcose deriva-
tives have been quantiHed together as L-
arabinose, because they have overlapPing
peaks on the chromatogram。When a marinesediment extract including a standard mono-
saccharide mixture was desalted and con-
centrated in this way,HP:LC analysis showed
that the average monosaccharide recovery
was90%。 Total carbon was analyzed by a Kokusai
Electric I。R-Matic C-S V:K一皿AS analyzer
which is a simultaneous carbon-sulfUr auto-
maticanalyzer。
Manganese and iron were determined by
atomicabsorpt圭onspectrometryusingaNipPonJarre1LAsh AA-781automatic absorption我ndHame emission spectrophotometer.
R㊧s魍且電s題聡想且》置§c魍ss量⑰聡
The analytical results of the samples丘om
cores P83,P84and P75are presented in Table
2to7,respectively。Their vertical distributions
are shown in:Fig.3to10.
c⑪聯⑱葺距83(s且⑰聖e題蜜e認)
The total carbon,total am量no acids and
total monosaccharides contends ofthe samples
丘om core P83had ranges of L45-2.16%,
927-2510μ9/g and526-2330μ9/g respectively.
Their vertical distributions fluctuate extremely
with the exception of the total carbon.The
Table l Sampling locality,water depth,core length,area and sediments.
Station Sample Position DepthNo・ No・ Latitude Longitude (m) Area
Corelength(cm) Sample
438
470
471
P75
P83
P84
36042.7,N I43。13.0/E
40Q40.7/N 142。47.0,E
40007.0’N144。21.9/E
7,300
1,650
7,330
Japan Trench
Off Hachinohe,
condnental slope
OfrK頗,JapanTrench
475
376
541
Clayintercalatingsandand tu牙layers。
Clay intercalating sandlayers.
Clay intercalating
tUHlaCeOUS Sand and Sandlayers。
一316一
オ伽・面伽η4瀬・π・5α66hα蜴6吻.D卿3θαS6伽θ庸戸・編hθ」‘ψ伽7翫8η・hαπ4SJψ6肋α(乃泌h伽,M伽た・)
451
40
35
1400 1450 150。
45ETOROFU Is。
KUNASHIRlls、
oH◎KKAID◎ oρ夕
Sapporo KUShir
~G◎
謡ら◎。諺
Hakodate 揚炉 ≧ ◎o
o ♂岬3
鰯
○@ ~
Miyako♂
4
Sendai
Kamaish’ 8 ド
8000・ 蝉
~
試~
糞,、 o
Q
窺画
箆 ⑨o
o0 200 400 m
o
140。
Fig.1
145。
Sampling locality map・
total amino acids decrease gradually,but
irregularly with depth of b皿iaL The wide
Huctuation in the concentration of organic
constituents is likely to indicates the哩ualitative
variation of the supplied organic matteL On
the other hand,the smaller fluctuation of
total carbon may indicate the supply of con-
stant amounts organic materials.The highest
concentration of these organic constituents in
core P83show a large supply and/or good
150。
4σo
35。
preservation oforganic materials・
The weight percentage ofacidic&mino acids
in the total amino acid mixture decreases
sharply fヒom the core top to l60cm depth.
Aspartic acid,1evels in particulur decrease
sharply倉om i3.2%at the top of the core to
O。4%at160cm depth,and remain low(L7to O.4%)at greater d,ep誌hs(Table3).It is
likely that the remarkable low concentra直on
of aspartic acid at depth in core P83suggests
一317一
蕪
蟻§
華
藷
嚢
嚢
βz〆」6あπ(~プ護h6060JogσαzJ S%π7¢リ(~プ」αψ‘zη,レbJ.35,ハ1b。7
巴 OxidatlonPart 一
□Clay
皿s直lt
㎜SandySllt
團Sand
慰Tuff
團 VolcanlC Sand
圏 し PumiceScorla ■
囹 Calclum
Carbonate
1CoreLength in mete『
P83
1
2
3
P84
3
叫
5
P75
、一 -
鞍ま調 聯 1
一}陶』ρ_’ご 、 C
即』噂冒㌧ 2二:』
』-「
二臨ハ
⑬
3
購 一
》》 ’
》》》V》
鬼
VW罹一脾一
i表二=莞菰
二ご質=さ零二」
鳶ン⊇’《曜,~9
匿
CalciumCarbonate
3
4
Fig。2 Columnar section ofpiston cores。
environment翫l changes such as Eh condition. aspartic acid in the Slope area indicates that
Because it has been reported that the acidic the sediments of core P83were・deposited
amino acids degrade more rapidly under under oxidizing conditions。The minimumoxidizing conditions(NlssENBAuM6厩乙,1972, concentration of acidic amino acids at l60
SAsA斑,1973),the lower concentration of cm depth coincides with those of total amino
-318一
トド
ig
/i葬
1曽の
1
Table2Amino acid composition,total carbon and Mn/Fe in core P83。
SampleDepth(cm)
112
245
382
4115
5160
6195
7232
8278
9315
10358
11
388
A㎜趣⑰認c腿,臨s置c(輔%)
LysineOrnithineH:istidine
Arginine
1.4
1.3
4.1
8.4
7.0
6.3
1.8
2.9
5.9
0.7
2.4
7。5
6.4
1.8
2.5
8.1
1.9
0.8
3.1
9。7
7.1
0.8
2.9
9.3
6.9
1.9
2.5
10.8
8.4
2.4
2.6
8.1
8.4
2.3
3.6
8.3
8.2
2.2
2.6
7.9
9.0
1.5
2.5
8.2
Ac量《髄c
Aspartic acid
Glutamic acid13.212.3
7.6
12.4
4.2
14.2
1.0
10.7
0.4
9.5
1.7
9.8
0.6
13.7
0.6
10.9
0.6
14.2
0.4
15.1
0.4
11.3
麗y西響⑰xy
ThreonineSerine
7.3
7.1
7.0
5。9
7.8
7.3
8.3
4.9
8.7
3.9
7.5
4.0
7.5
5.8
7.3
6.1
7.7
5.9
6.6
5.6
6.9
5.0
醤e誠職置
GlysineAlanineValine亙soleucine
Leucine
7.3
7.6
6.6
5.1
6.4
7.4
7.8
7.0,
5.1
6.9
8,9
9.1
7.8
5.7
7.6
11.98.9
9.1
6.3
8.3
11.07.9
10.77.8
10.5
9.6
7.7
9.5
6.6
8.7
7.5
8.2
8.2
6.4
8.3
10.89.0
7.6
5.6
7.5
7.0
9.0
7.9
5.8
7.7
9.4
9.0
7.9
5.7
7.8
9.6
8.7
8.6
6.4
8.8
s謹哩
Methionine 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.2 1.0 0.6 十 0.1
A置⑰職訊重量c
TyrosinePhenylalanine
2.6
5.3
2.2
10.2
2.5
5.6
3.2
5.2
3.6
7.8
4.8
6.6
2.4
6.2
2.2
5.4
2.3
3.2
2.3
5.3
2.5
6.0
阿⑰脚騨醜e魎
α一aminobutyric ac圭dβ一a1毎nine
γ一a血nobutyric acid
D-alloisoleucineTotal(μ9/9)
(μM/9)
0.1
1.3
1.9
0.3
246020.1
1.0
1.1
十251020.5
1.2
1.3
234019.5
1.1
1.3
205017.3
0.8
1.5
134011.2
1.1
1.8
0.1
170013.9
1.2
1.7
9277.52
1.8
2.5
0.1
9788.25
2.3
3.2
131010.8
1.8
2.2
120010.1
1.8
2.6
0.1
11309.47
D一瓠10isoleucine/L-isoleucine
Total carbon(%) 1.88 2.16 2.14 2。08 1.81 1.45 1.77 1.69 2.03 2.10 2.11
Mn/Fe 0.012 0,011 0.011 0.011 0.012 0.015 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.OI1 0.11
」……
§o
も
』魯.
野
§に
さ蓉旨も
罫…ミ
§=.
さ
bふ
魯
警を
浄爲ミ§爵
誉ミ富
ミ§
§彗§に象愚ふ
迅還
具§
……
鳶ミ&
韓ミぎ)
園
Table3Amino acid composition,total carbon and Mn/Fe in core P84。
SampleDepth(cm)
17
250
395
4130
5145
6187
7227
8267
9307
10347
11
38712
42713
477
Amino acid,basic(幅%)
Lys 9。30m 1.2Hlis 2.2Arg 8.4
9.0
3.7
2.2
9.7
8.6
1.0
2.1
7.7
8.7
1.5
2.0
7.9
4.0
1.5
2.9
10.4
8.5
3.0
2.1
8.6
7.8
2.6
2.8
10.2
8.1
2.1
2.2
9.2
8.0
1.3
2.1
8.5
10.41.4
2.4
0.6
8.7
2.4
2.2
14.3
9.3
2.7
2.4
9.8
9.0
1.6
2.5
10.5
Acidl董c
AspGlu
0.3
14.0
6.3
10.6
0。2
11.6
4.7
11.4
1.6
13.6
0.9
12.1
5.1
10.811.2
11.0
10.811.7
7.7
12.7
6.1
8.4
7.9
9.7
4.7
9.7
豆ydlroxy
ThrSer
8.7
8.4
7.3
5.3
7.8
6.0
7.5
6.2
8.2
6.3
8.0
5.1
6.8
7.5
6.5
5.4
6.5
6.4
8.0
6.2
6.7
5.6
7.0
4.8
7.3
5.0
1紹の
1
Ne醜臓1
GlyAlaValIleu
Leu
5.9
8.9
7.3
5.5
7.6
7.5
7.1
7.3
5.4
7.3
14.59.6
7.1
5.0
6.9
12.58。9
6.7
4.7
6.4
10.19.4
7.5
5.3
7.4
8。8
8.4
7.7
5.5
7.5
9.3
6。1
6.3
4.9
7.8
9.1
7.0
5.7
4.4
7.2
8.5
7.5
5.7
4.3
7.3
6.5
9.4
7.0
5.3
8.1
7.7
7.7
5.9
4.7
7.4
6.4
8.1
6.4
4.9
8.0
7.5
8.8
6.8
5.0
8。1
馳ミ謄嵩.
き
駄きも
osへ鵡ミo
匙
防ミ
ミ噂
駄
ミ§
ぎ
N
陰
s罷翻論野
Met 0.9 1.3 0.6 0.6 0.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.2 0.9
A騰職a髄cTyrPhe
2.2
5.7
1.9
5。2
2.0
5.0
1.9
4.6
2.1
5.5
2.1
5.5
1.9
4.7
1.8
4.3
1.8
4.3
2.0
5.5
1.8
4.4
1.7
4.8
1.8
4.9
N⑰鵡面欝躍o宣e量脇
α一ABA
β一Ala
γ一ABA
A至艶uTota1(μ9/9)
(μM/9)
1.7
1.8
131010.7
1.3
1.4
6084.94
2.3
1.9
115010.1
2.1
1.7
10709.20
2.1
2.0
7836.60
2.9
2.1
122010.0
1.8
2.4
119010.0
1.6
2.1
10708.81
1.9
2.2
12009.92
2.3
3.0
8056.76
2.0
2.6
7575.89
1.9
2.9
7285.93
2.7
3.2
6545.41
揖
き
\
Alleu/Ileu
Total C.(%) 1.35 1.00 L26 1.26 1.16 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.56 1.31 1.20 1.17 1.05
Mn/Fe 0。Ol2 0.013 0.013 0.011 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.014
オ物・オ励αη4酒4・η・sα66hα蜴θ吻.0吻36αS読物6π孟ψo履hθ」α卿7㍗6η6hαn4SJ・μオ繊(7初5hぎ勉α,餓繍・)
Table4Amino acid composition,total carbon and Mn/Fe in core P75。
Sample
Depth(cm)
18
238
372
4106
5 6 7 8140 188 230 278
9308
10
436
Am量髄o魚c量壺,恥題s童c(w苞%)
Lys 7.8 8.20rn 1.4 1.6
】ヨ【is 1.9 1.8
Arg 6。1 4.1
8.0
1.7
1.9
8.5
6.9
1.2
1.7
3.9
8.2
2.2
2.1
5.4
6.9
2.3
1.7
5.3
7.0
1.8
1.6
5.8
7.8
1.6
1.6
4.5
11.0
1.5
1.5
6.8
8.1
2.2
1.7
6.1
Ae量心量¢
Asp
Glu
9.5 3.7 2.4 1.1
12.2 14.4 11.4 13.7
6.6 2.8 9.9 7.0
12.2 15.0 10.8 10.2
2.4
4.5
9.6
12.1
麗y西躍⑰xy
ThrSer
7.8 7.7 8.2 6.3
5.0 4.9 4.0 5.2
6.8 7.7 6.0 6.6
3.6 4.4 4.5 3.8
6.7
2.0
6.5
4.3
N’㊧睡臓置
Gly
Ala
Val
neu
Leu
5.6
8.3
8.5
5.4
8.0
5.8
9.7
9.1
7.1
9.7
6.2
7.7
9.9
7.1
10.4
8.2
7.0
8.5
7.2
10.3
3.9
6.6
7.4
7.3
11.0
4.6
8.0
8.1
6.4
10.1
5.9
8.0
6.1
6.2
6.7
4.1
6.8
7.7
8.1
9.2
6.3
5.8
9.9
9.1
10.9
3.4
7.0
7.4
6.9
8。4
s麗盟聡冒
Met 0.2 0.2 0.3 5.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.3
A騰m麓量¢
Tyr
Phe
2.0 1.6
5.7 4.5
1.5
6.0
1.4
5.4
2.8
5.5
1.4 3.0 5.5
5.6 6.3 7.3
5.3
9.0
2.7
6.9
N’⑪脚騨醜e臨
α。ABA
β一Ala
γ一ABA
Alleu
Total(μ9/9)
(μM/9)
2.1
2.4
0.1
485
3.96
2.5
2。8
0.6
751
6.22
2.0
2.6
0.2
507
4.13
2.3
3.4
0.8
457
3.79
0.3
2.1
3.5
1.9
702
5.60
1.7
2.5
4.1
0.8
537
4.37
0.6
3.6
3.3
2.3
391
3.20
0.1
2.7
2,7
2.5
713
5.68
2.7
2.6
1.9
358
2.86
2.5
2.6
1.3
408
3.24
Alleu/11eu 0.021 0.085 0.022 0.114 0.261 0.127 0.372 0.304 0.207 0.195
TotalC。(%) 1.20 1.13 1.20 1.13 1.10 0.96 0.86 0.97 0.97 0.99
Mn/Fe 0.018 0.014 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.014
acids and also those of total monosaccharides.
Conversely,the ratio of neutral amino acids
to total amino acids shows a increasing trend
倉om the sediment sur魚ce to160cm depth。
The weight percentage of Xylose in the
total monosaccharide mixture of core P83is higher than those in the other cores。The
vertical distribution of ind圭vidual mono一
saccharide in core P83,especially galactose
and glucose shows irregular variation.This
魚ct seems to suggest that change of organic
source materials and/or diagenetic changes
occurred in this area。
《】⑪置㊧聖竈盛(」題欝題聡丁欝e既¢ぬ)
The total carbon, total amino acids and
total monosaccharides in core P84 have
一321一
βz6JJ6あπ(~プ孟h6060Jogσ6α」5μ70(グgプ」;αψαη,レbJ.35,ハ7b。7
Table5Monosaccharide composition in core P83.
SampleDepth(cm)
112
245
382
4115
5160
6195
7232
8278
9315
10358
11
388
Mo鵡⑪s題cc臨翻es(櫨%)
Rhamnose 7.2
Ribose 1。3
Mamose 12.OArabinose 16.6
Galactose 31.3
Xylose 15.6
Glucose 16。O
Total(μ9/9) 2330
6.9 9.2 9.5 4.2 8.1
1.2 2.3 2.4 2.6 1.3
12.1 9.2 9.9 5.6 11.6
18.2 19.9 19.4 22.8 19.0
24.5 33.6 31.0 40.8 35.0
13.9 14.5 14.5 17.9 11.3
23.2 11.3 13.3 6。1 13.7
762 1150 1190 526 1560
9.9 8.7 9.4 10.9 7.6
4.7 4.0 十 1.4 1.211.2 13.0 10.2 10.1 12.1
19.8 18.2 14.8 16.9 17.1
29.4 29.9 32.5 35.7 31.0
14.1 12.6 13.1 12.4 12.6
10.9 13.6 20.0 12.6 18.5
2305 1780 808 1040 735
Table6Monosaccharide composition in core P84。
SampleDepth(cm)
17
250
395
4 5 6130 145 187 789101112227 267 307 347 387 427
13
477
踊⑪聡⑳舩e¢臨棚es(櫨%)
Rhamnose 12.2
Ribose O.9
Mannose l2.OArabinose 17.5
Galactose 29.7
Xylose 14.7
Glucose 13.O
Tota1(μ9/9) 775
5.0
1.2
11.2
22.8
32.2
11.0
16.4
593
7.6 8.9 8.6 8.9 9.2
十 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.7
11.2 12.9 10.1 10.3 12.8
16.0 20.8 19.0 17.3 20.7
27.1 29.5 31.8 31.9 29.4
10.6 9.5 11.2 12.0 7.7
27.5 17.0 18.2 18.4 18.4
408 1120 1200 1190 901
9.1 8.6 9.2 8.8 9.1
4.4 3.5 3.4 3.8 3。1
13.0 12.5 11.6 14.1 12.2
20.8 21.8 20.2 20.4 22.0
25.2 27.4 26.6 26.9 27.0
11.4 11.7 12.8 10.8 11.7
16。1 14.5 16.2 15.2 14.9
1320 1120 798 1540 1100
7.9
2.9
11.6
24.2
27.3
11.5
14.6
951
Table7Monosaccharide composition in core P75.
SampleDepth(cm)
18
238
372
4106
5140
6188
7230
8278
9308
10346
踊⑪鵬關c磯躍量組es(輔%)
RhamnoseRibose
MannoseArabinose
Galactose
Xylose
Glucose
Total(μ9/9)
6.8
1.3
12.3
15.9
28.6
10.3
24.7
682
5.2
0.9
10.4
19.1
32.5
9.8
22.1
504
2.6
0.9
10.7
19.7
30.3
9.8
25.9
497
7.3
十
9.4
17.7
29.1
11.4
25.1
518
9.1
0.6
9.3
15.7
27.2
11.4
26.7
421
7.4
0.9
9.8
15.0
35.6
8.8
22.4
551
8.8
2.2
10.4
27.0
22.7
11.2
17.7
619
7.4
1.7
9.4
25.2
31.2
8.2
16.9
947
11.6
2.0
10.2
26.1
24.5
11.4
14.1
874
10.6
2.0
11.9
27.0
21.9
10.4
16.1
879
ranges of Loo-L56%。 608-1310μ9/g an(i
408-1540μ9/9, respect三vely. The concentra-
tion of total carbon in core P84are almost
one-half of those in core P83.:Both total
amino acids and tot我l monosaccharides in
core P84are higher than reported fbr deep
sea sediments(DEGENs6如」。,1964,AlzENsHTAT
伽」.,1973).
The vertical distribution of basic amino
acids and ac三dic amino acids changes abruptly.
Especially,the weight percentage of aspartic
acid is relatively low and Huctuates ffom O。2
to6。3%in the upper half of the co℃e。From
these data poor preservation of aspartic acid
一322一
き
嚢
肋吻オ6曲αη4ハ4・η・5α66hα肋吻1)吻S6α364冨鵠θ濡ラ・瞬h6」伽π7伽6h翻S妙躍繊(7初εh加α,翅磁o)
2.5
2,0
陽1.5
1。0
0.5
0
齢・餓、
賊、
翰、、
亀
、
P83
、
亀’竃 t5ヤ
’ 璽
翻、 ρ碗 鳴 、 ,
翻躍 1・o
0.5
0
P84
、 畷 9 , 一 ’ ヤ ノ , 翻
璽
冨 、、
、臥風、甥
1.5
覧1。0
0.5
0
P75
⑳・噌一一Amino acid
O-Monosaccharide
、飼、 取 、 ノ 、
’、薗
,璽
, 、
’ 、
冨㊥
100 200 300 400 100 200 300 400 500 100 200
Depth cm Depth cm Depth
Fig。3 Vertical distribution oftotal amino acids and total monosacch我rides.
300 400cm
Mn咋e
O.02
0,01
0
T,C
3.O
OO
2.0
1.0
P83
Mn/Fe
O.Q2
①一{』⑳↓Φ 0.Ol.
0
T.C
3,0
0/o
2.O
1.O
P84
M%e
O.02
0.01’、◎
0 100 200 300 400
Depth cm
0 100 200
Depth cm
300 400 5000
T,C
3.0
%
2.0
1.0
P75
面へ艶 ⑳
Total C
・袖一O 100 200 300
Depth cm
Fig・4vertical distribution oftotal carbon and Mn/Fe。
is expected under an aerob玉c condition.
The weight percentage of galactose in the
total monosaccharides in core P84is lower
than those fbund in core P83.Glucose shows
extremely high values at lOO cm depth of
burial.
c⑪騰酔75(恥P踵丁置錨醐 The total carbon,total amino acids and
total monosaccharides in core P75haveranges of o・86-L20%,358-751μ9/g and421-
947μg/g respectively.These values are the
lowest among the three cores.Such lowvalues may be due to:(a)a small amount of
organic material was supplied,because the
site of the core was situated in the outside of
the Japan Trench, (b) a Iarge part of the
original amino acids at the time ofsedimenta-
tion might h&ve been lost during diagenesis.
The total amino acids in core P75Huctuate
considerably,but show a decreasing trend
with depth.On the other hand,the total
monosaccharides increase with depth,resulting
in the reverse relation of the total amino
acids to the total monosaccharides between
upper and lower part ofthe core(Fig。3)。
As shown in Table4,amino acid composi-
tion of core P75 is characterized by a fairly
low concentration of basic amino acids and
a little higher concentration of acidic amino
acids,when compared with other coresFurthermore,the weight percentage ofaspartic
acid in the total am圭no acids Huctuate ex_
tremely。Aromatic amino acids shows aprogressive increasing trend with depth。Hydroxy amino acids decreases slightly with
depth。The weight percentage of non-protein
amino acids in the total amino acids in core
P75is twice as great as in the other cores.
Non-protein amino acids which have been島und in deep sea core sediments areα一alanine,
一323一
B駕JJ6あπqプ∫h8080Jog乞αzZ Sz470夢げ」ψαη,レbJ.35,ハアb.7
50(%)
40
30
20
10
0
30(%)
20
10
0
P83
△ !
、漁!
垂’一△・、// ・愈!
Neutra1
㌔/プ
Basic.
奔一一▲一一協/^一・漁.論
/V。_艶一
50(%)
40
30
20
10
0
30(%)
20
講
Vcldlc
㌦
Ar。matiC 、/
著0
0
P84
Neutra1
1\。 ノ
100 200 300 400 Depth (cm)
Vertical distribution of amino acids in core
企 べ Basic ’・ ノ ¥▲__遮 ノムヤ ノムヤ ノ▲!¥遮一一▲/ポ ’^一一^ ’ 込ノ ¥ ’ ¥¥ ’ 〆
Non-protein
。ア\).。ρ〈一・∀併〇一。一〇
へ て
Aromatうc
Fig。6
P84.
100 200 300 400 500
Depth(cm)
Vertical distribution of amino acids in core
0
Fig。5
P83.
β一al&nine, α一aminobutyric acid, γ・amino-
butyric acid and D-alloisoleucine.Dif驚rent
sources 長)r non-protein amino acids have
been considered五nc1賜ding:terrestrial organic
materials(SAsA照,1973),microbial metabolic
products(DEGENs6♂α」.,1964,IT亙H:ARA,1972)
a鞭d diagenetic product(VALLENT1NE,1964).
It 五as been reported that D-alloisoleucine
is diagenetic product of:L-isoleucine (VALL-
ENTINE,1964).D-alloisoleucine1n core:P75
is more concentrated than that in the other
cores。As shown in Fig。l l,the mtio of D-
alloisoleucine to:L-isoleucine in core P75shows
apronouncedincreasingtrend丘omthesu曲ceto230cm depth。This trend suggests thatdiagenesic production ofD-alloisoleucine fヒom
I。一isoleucine has occurred.
The weight percentage of arabinose(plus
丘uctose and釦cose)in the total monosac-
chεしrides increases sharply at 230cm depth
of core P75and remains high to bottom of
the core。The weight percentage of glucose
in the total monosaccharides in core P75is
h玉gher than that in other cores anddecreases
gradually fヒom188cm depth to the bottomof the core.The relatively high concentration
ofglucose in this core may be p翫rtly due to a
large supply of such organic material&nd
partly due to slow degradation ofglucose.
一324一
編η・浸6耽副躍・π・5α‘‘hα蜴85ゴπZ)卿36αS6漉雁鳩!レ・彫ぬ多」卿η乃8η‘加η4S嬢肋α(乃名α5h励α,掘轍・)
50(%)
40
30
20
10
0
30(%)
20
10
0
P75
Neutra1
警一\ノ\
Bas4c A み ヤ ノ¥ ! \
蕊、!¥ 叙 1 盈 ・〆 ¥ / 9一蒔一血一一.壷’ ヤノ
.~端計一
30(%)
20
10
O
50(%)
40
▽cidlc/へか磁※...、
~/醸一欝
Aromatic
30
20
10
0 100 200 300 400
Depth(cm)
Fig。7 Vertical distribution of amino acids in core
P75.
O
P83
Arabinose + Fucose + Fructose
Rlboseノ〉
\GalaCt,se
△\
亀 ’ 、
ノ ヤ
轡、Glucose
齪膿・、,・冬
×一一x1一 ¥、!x
傘、傘
! ヘ ノ
, 》 ロ、膏’ ・×
Rhamnose
臨密磯纒⑱就⑰麗曜⑪§赫⑪聰躍組 麗磯騰聡量麗晶⑰聡
The concentration of total carbon,total
amino acids &nd total monosaccharidesdecrease倉om core:P83(Slope are乱),to core
P84 (Japan Trench)to core :P75 (Japan
Trench〉。As mentioned befbre,the h1ghestlevel of total carbon in core P83may be due
t・alargequantity・forganicmaterialssupplied.Among the core fヒom the Japan
100 200 300 400
Fig。8 Vertical distribution of monosaccharides in
core P83.
Trench,core P84 showed generally higher
total carbon content than core P75.Water
depth at the drilling sites of P84 a蝕d P75
(7300and7330m respectively)was notapPreciably di銑rent。 S五te P84 is loc&ted at
the inner sid,e of the Japan Trench,while site
P75situated at the outside ofit(F蓋9.1).
As shown in Fig。4and Table2to4,theratio ofMn to Fe(Mn/Fe)in cores P75,P83
and P84varied in the ranges of O.014-0.Ol8,
0.011-0.Ol5and O.Olレ0。Ol4respectively.The
ratio of Mn to Fe in core:P75was the highest
一325一
懸融這庚監臣ミ
βz4」8あη(ゾ広hθσ60Jog∫6‘zJ3z4πノ砂(ゾ」ψαη,レioJ.35,飾.7
30(%)
20
10
O
50(%)
40一
30
20
10一
0
P84
Arablnose + Fucose + Fγ』uctose
食¥盗、盈禽峨、Xy1窒§一血’㌔
輝 ・蚕
Ri、bose
40(%)
30
20
10
Galactose
〈♂『\〈_.. 1 、、
, も Glucose ヤ
、 ノ Rhamnose X’
0
40
(%)
30
P75
Arablnose+Fucose
+Fructose
1金一一愈一念・盈ゴ ¥
RIbose
Xyrose 遜\ 、盛一盆漁/ 窟
劒
20
0 100 200 300 400 500 Depth (cm)
Fig.9 Vertical distribution of monosaccharidcs in
core P84.
in average among the three cores,the mean
value of the臓tio in core P83was similar to
that of P84。According to KEITH and DEGENs
(1959)Mn/Fe is usefull as a criterion to
distinguish ma血e sediments fヒom fヒesh ones。
SuGlsAKI(1980)determined Mn content inthe marine sediments f士om the shelf of the
Japan Islands and concluded that Mn con-
tent incre我ses with increasing distance f士om
land.The re1乱tion ofMn/Fe to the distance of
sampling site f}om land seems to be supPorted
by the geologibal observation that core P75
contains a larger amount ofpelagic sediments
than corc P84.
As mentioned latter,it is conceivable that
the sediments in core P75may be older th我n
10
Galactose
愚、!\
轡 轡 織 Glucose 、
ぺ 命一轍 癖
’轡-
×、 ×! 暫 、x
薯 / \×!Rhamn・se
100 200 30q 400 Depth(cm)
Fig。10 Vertical distribution of monosaccharides in
core P75.
at a corresponding depth in core P84, as
suggested by the D-alloisoleucine and 亙』一
isoleucine data.The main reasons鉛r the low
total organic content of core P75compared
to core P84are considered to be3a large part
of the original organic materials deposited at
the time ofsedimentation might be lost during
diagenesis。
The vertical distributions of total anオno
acids,total monosacchar玉des,individual amino
一326一
パ吻・遡励απ4M・η・5α60hα7蜘∫η.0卿S6α36漉魏6π♂ψ・瞬hθ」卿n7伽6h副3勿6肋α(7セ郷h珈α,M吻ん・)
8,0
%
4.O
O
8。O
4。0
0
8。O
4.0
0
0.4
0.2
0 0 100 200 300 400 500 Dep曾h(cm)
Fig.11 Vertical distribution of non-protein amino
乱cidsandAIleu!lleu.
P83
Non-proteinamino acids
P84
P75
D
鰍嚇一難
4 P75O
AIleuイleu O O
2 O O O OO
Q O
acid and monosaccharide Huc搬ate extremely。
In particular,the fluctuation of aspartic.acid
may be due to a change of sedimentary
environment,because the amino我cid islikely to be sensitiv!e to oxidizing conditions.
Among these three cores the vertical dis-
tributions of total amino acids and total
monosaccharides change most irregularly in
core P83.As shown in Fig。3,the fluctuation
of total amino acids does not coincide with
that of total monosaccharides.The large
且uctuation with depth and the dif驚rent
manner in the Huctuation ofamino acids and
monosaccharides seem to suggest a signi丘cant
variation in the supplied organic materials
which might be caused by the changes on
physical conditions such as sea leve1, 10cal
current,incline ofsea bottom and so on.
In the lowermost sections of.cores f}om
theJapan Trench,total monos我ccharides were
more abundant than total amino acids,sug-
gesting the stability of monosaccharides when
compared with amino acids.HANDA(1974)
has studied the200m dri11ing core f妻om
Biwa Lake and calculated the decomposition
constant of amino acids and monosaccharides
as O。48×10-6/y and O.36×10-6/y, respec-
tively。According to these data,the incre&sing
trend in the ratio of monosaccharides to
amino acids with depth could be interpreted
in terms of ageing of sediments and the
relative stability of the organic species.How-
ever,one could not dleny a possibility th翫t
monosaccharides were originally supplied more
abundant than amino acids.
s⑱聰置c㊧⑪ぜ⑪置9麗聡量¢職麗重⑬罵量題且s
About20kinds of amino acids and8kindsof monosaccharides were universally detected
登om the core sediments of deep sea drillings,
indicating that source materials of such
organic constituents are various and com-
plicated。Usually protein amino acids areubiquitous in all sorts of living materials。
Conversely polysaccharides are usually com-
posed of a fヒw types of monosaccharides(fbr
example,cellulose is mainly composed ofglucose,galact&nischieflycomposedgalactose).
Therefbre,it was expected that the dif琵ren電
monosaccharide composition would be ob-served between the Japan Trench and Slope
area,and that m勾or source fbr monosac-
charides in deep sea sediments could be
estimated fヒom the composition of mono-
saccharides。However,the compositions of
monosaccharides at the two deep sea sites
were simi1我r as shown in Figs。8-10,suggesting
that many kinds of source materials fbr the
monosaccharides would be considered.Fur-
thermore,the activity of microorganisms
cannot be ignored,RoGERs(1969)concludedthat the variety&nd amount ofpolys&ccharides
demonstrate the importances of microorga一
一327一
B%Jl6あηげ♂h6060Jog乞6α」5zびびのgプ」のりαη,1VioJ.35,ハb。7
nisms in altering the polysaccharide f}action
prior to stabilization and preservation within
the sediments.Appreciable amounts of non-
protein am三no acids were present in the deep
sea core sediments,indicating that micro-
organisms play an important role in decom-
position of organic materials, becauseβ一
alanine,γ一aminobutyric acid and ornithine
may be microbial metabolic products(DEGENs
6渉α1。,1964,ITIHARA,亙972).
Glucose was one of a abundant monosac-
charide throughout the three cores.It is well
known that glucose is a main constituent of
cellulose and laminaran.According to several
investigations SwAIN and BRATT,1972,HANDA
and MlzuNo, 1973), 91ucose 孟s the most
prominent constituent in the monosaccharides
which fbund in the recent sediments.In the
sediments fヒom the Japan Trench and slope
area,glucose was not the most abundant
monosaccharide。The data ofthis study camot
be compared with the data of other deep sea
sediments,because of1玉ttle infbrmation on
the monosaccharides in pelagic or semipelagic
sediments.However,the monosaccharide com-
position in the sediments ofthe Japan Trench
and Slope area are characterized by the
highest concentration of galactose.Galactose
五s a prominent component of the algal poly-
saccahrides, agar and calagenan。 Fructose
has been fbund in the storage polysaccharides
of cereals.It has not been known whether
倉uctose exists as a component of structural
polysaccharides or not.Arabinose has been
fbund in the hemicellulose of land plant and
gums and mucilaginous polysaccharides。Fucose is a component of血coisine in the
brown algae』BoHM6麺1。(1980)have reported
that fUcose is a prominent component in the
brown algea and coraL Therefbre,fhcose and
arabinose are probably present in the deep sea
sediments.
丁畳麗う蜜題電蚤⑱⑪置置》国題盟⑪置s⑪亘e魍c最聡㊧重⑰
L四置s⑰且e聡¢量臨鐙
WHEMILLER & HARE (1971) have inves-
tigated calcareous deep sea sediments in
dr皿ing cores,in which the ratio of D-alloisoleucine to亙』一isoleucine increased steadily
with depth of buria1.The ratio of about O.25
was calculated to be correspond to approxi-
mately400,000years at a temperature rangeof’2.2to4.0。C.
As shown in Table2and3,in the sediments
of cores P83and P84the ratio was usuallyless than O.05,while the ratio in the sediments
of the core P75were relat圭vely high(0,37-
0。02)and increased with depth(see Table4
and Fig.l l).The highest values(0。37)of the
ratio我t the230cm depth fヒom surface of the
P75 site would suggest that the sediment
below that depth may be older than400,000
years if the environmental conditions of core
P75were similar to those of calcareous deep
seasediments studiedbyWEHMILLER&HARE.
c⑪聡c且魍電量⑪盟
The study was perfbrmed to examine the
distribution and nature oftotal carbon,amino
acids,monosaccharides,Mn and Fe in the
deep sea sediments of the Japan Trench and
Slope area.The results are summerized as
fbllows.
(1) The amounts of total carbon,total
amino acids and total monosaccharides in.
crease in the order cores P75, P84 (Japan
Trench) core P83(Slope area)。The high
amountof・rganicmaterialsinc・reP83maybe due to input of a Iarge amount of organic
supPly, because the situation of core P83is
the nearest to land among the three cores.By
comparison the organic constituents,Mn/Fe
ratio and D-alleu/Liso ratio between two
Japan Trench cores,there are the fbllowing
dif驚rences: (a) the sediments of core P84
which is located in the inner side of the Japan
Trench contain a larger amount of organic
materials than those of core P75,and are of
recent age,(b)on the contrary,the sediments
of core:P75which is situated in the outer side
oftheJapan Trench are pelagic sediments and
older than those of core P84,therefbre a large
part of the original organic materials deposited
at the time ofsedimentation might have been
lost during diagenesis.
(2) Generally,the vertical distribution of
total carbon,total amino acids,and total
monosaccharides Huctuate extremely.Espe一
一328一
週伽oオ6傭αη4〃1・η・5α66hα蜴6卿.D卿S64S64茗挽諮ノン・煽hθ」吻η乃6η6h副SJ・ρθ肋α(7セ7α3h轍,〃吻んo)
cially,this tendancy is observed in core P83
(Slope area),and also in the composition of
some amino acids and monosaccharides.This
魚ct seems to suggest that some significant
change af驚cted the organic compositions have
occured in this area,especially in the Slope
area.
(3)Many kinds of amino acids andmonosaccharides have been fbund in the deep
sea sediments。This魚ct seems to suggest that
sources of organic constituents in the deep sea
sediments are fヒom various organisms。Onthe other hand,the role of bacteria should
not be overlooked, because of existing ap-
preciable amounts ofnon-protein amino acids
which are probably produced by microbial
metabolisms.
Galactose is the most abundant monosac-
charide throughout the core sediments of the
Japan Trench and Slope area,。Concemingmonosaccharides,we need the more in{brma-
tion about thc distribution and behaviour in
variOUS enVirOnmentS.
(4) In the Japan Trench the ratio of D-
alloisoleucine to L_isoleucine in core P75
indicates relatively high values,but the ratio
in core P84does not show such high values.
These observations make it possible to suggest
that the sediments ofcore P75are older than
those of core P84which are of recent age。
Judging ffom the distribution of organic con-
stituents and Mn/Fe,it is conceivable that the
sediments of core P75 and P84in the Japa,n
Trench have been suhiected to be dif驚rent
丘om each other diagenetica11y and environ-
mentally。
Ac跳聡⑰脚且e《温g㊧騒⑬誠s31would like to thank
Dr.E.HoNzA and Mr.H.YoNETANI whopresented the samples.I am gratefUI to Dr.
S.ITo fbr helpfUI suggestion and a critical
reading of the manuscript。I would also like
to thank Dr E.HoNzA fbr valuable criticisms
and suggestions。
聡e露麗e血ces
AlzENsHTAT,Z.,BAEDEGKER,M.J.and KApIAN,1.R。
(1973) Distribution and diagenesis of organic
compounds in JOIDES Sediments from Gulf
of Mexico and Westem Atlantic.G606h伽.
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markers£or particle identification in carbonate
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(1963) Analytical techniques in the field of
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g600h6擁5砂,Pergamon Press,p。377-402。
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Japan and Southem Kurile Trench and Slope
Areas。(穿60」.5衡7∂裂。」ごψαη07痂θRψ」.,no.7,
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一329一
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日本海溝とその周辺大陸斜面の深海堆積物中のアミノ酸と単糖類の分布
寺島美南子
要 旨
日本海溝とその周辺大陸斜面より採取した3本の泥質柱状試料について,アミノ酸と単糖類の有機地
球化学的研究を行った.
コアの全炭素含有量はo・86-2・16%の範囲に分布していて,P83(大陸斜面),P84(日本海溝),P75(日本
海溝)の順で減少する傾向を示している.コアP83における最も高い炭素含有量は,有機物の供給が最
も多かったためか,または有機物の保存が良かったためと思われる.
各種のアミノ酸と単糖類が分離され同定された.全アミノ酸は358-2510μg/g,全単糖類は408-2330
μg/gの間にそれぞれ分布している.全アミノ酸と全単糖類の鉛直分布は非常に変動しており,特に,コ
アP83(大陸斜面)において変動が大きい.これらの変動は続成作用とあるいは古環境の変化によって起
こされたものと思われる.P84とP75の2つのコアは日本海溝から採取されたものであるが,全アミノ
酸と全単糖類はともに,コアP84の方がP75よりも高い含有量を示す.コアP84の試料中のL一イソロ
イシンに対するD一アロイソロイシン比がすべて0.05以下の値を示すことは,これらの柱状堆積物が現世
のものであることを意味している.他方,コア:P75のこの比は0.02-0。38の範囲にあり,平均0.17で,
コアP84よりも古い堆積物であることを示している.
多くの種類のアミノ酸(20)と単糖類(8)が深海堆積物より検出されたが,種々のタイプの生物体が深
海堆積物の有機成分の根源物質である可能性を示している.
(受付:1983年11月4日1受理:1984年6月7目)
蕪
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