EL VIDEO DE FICCION EN LA DECADA DE LOS 80 - TESIS DE MANEGLIA Y SCHEMBORI - AÑO 2001 - PORTALGUARANI

7/23/2019 EL VIDEO DE FICCION EN LA DECADA DE LOS 80 - TESIS DE MANEGLIA Y SCHEMBORI - AÑO 2001 - PORTALGUARANI

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Bi vk`be b

ckggk÷o bo in`ëgn`n bies :6.

Abaerkn b Ikgbogknturn

`b

Luno Gnries Anobhikn

Anrán Tessnon Wgjëaderk

Nsuog k÷o, 466>

http://www.portalguarani.com/



Bi vk`be b

ckggk÷o bo in`ëgn`n bies :6.

Abaerkn b Ikgbogknturn

`b

Luno Gnries Anobhikn


@bpnrtnabote b Gkbogkns bin Geauokgngk÷o

Cnguitn `b Ckiesecán yGkbogkns Juanons

Rokvbrsk`n Gnt÷ikgn Oubstrn

Wbþern b in Nsuogk÷o

Nsuog k÷o, 466>




Rokvbrsk`n Gnt÷ikgn Oubstrn Wbþern`b in Nsuogk÷o

Tbsuabo

Bi vk`be bckggk÷o bo in`ëgn`n bies :6.

per Luno Gnries Anobhikn


Putern< Ginu`kn Vngjbge (A.B.)@bpnrtnabote `b Gkbogkns `b in Geauokgngk÷o

Bo in skhukbotb abaerkn sb prbsbotn bi ongkakbote `bi vk`be bo

in `ëgn`n `b ies :6, y su kociubogkn bo bi `bsnrreiie `b in ckggk÷o

bo Vnrnhuny. Pnadkëo sb prbsbotn uo rbgubote greoei÷hkge `b

vk`bes `b ckggk÷o `bs`b >;8; n >;;6.




2

NHTN@BGKAKBOPEW

N oubstres pn`rbs y jbranoes, per grbbr bo oesetres.

N oubstrn tutern Ginu`kn per su nikbote y erkbotngk÷o bo bstb pregbse.

N Hki`n Okgern perqub sko biin oe judkësbaes tbrakonè bstn tbsks.

N Anok Gubogn, Tny Nrabib, Dbronrè Ksangjevkbz y Juhe Hnanrrn

per su `bskotbrbsnè npeye y vnikesn geotrkdugk÷o pnrn in rbnikzngk÷o `b

bstb trndnle.

N teès ies kotbhrnotbs `b Anobhikn-Wjëaderk Tbnikznèrbs qub

npertnreo su tkbape y pngkbogkn, nyu`n kovnierndib pnrn in geogrbgk÷o

`b in abaerkn, bspbgkniabotb n Cîtkan.

N @nokn, @kbhe, Wusnon, Anrtktn, Aki`n, Nhustáo, B`wnr` y Vndie per

sus npertbs, `kspeokdkik`n` b kogbotkve.

N Hrngkbin Tkvnrein `bi Gbotre Guiturni `b Bspnþn ’Luno `b Wninznr‑,

per su dubon prb`kspeskgk÷o geo oesetres.

[ n te`ns ins pbrseons qub `b nihuon u etrn ceran nyu`nreo n in

geogrbgk÷o `b bstb trndnle.




3

KO@KGB HBOBTNI

Gnpátuie > KOPTE@RGGK×O ........................................................................................ ;

>. VTBWBOPNGK×O ............................................................................... >6

4. LRWPKCKGNGK×O ............................................................................... >7

7. EDLBPKSEW ...................................................................................... >0

Gnpátuie 4

ANTGE PBETKGE TBCBTBOGKNI............................................................ >2 >. BI SK@BE< [E SBE........................................................................... >3 >. IN GKSKIK\NGKEO @B IN KANHBO ............................................ >34. µ^RË BW BI SK@BE5 ................................................................ >:

Bi vk`be< Kanhbo bibgtr÷okgn........................................... ............ >;7. OETANW E WKWPBANW @B PBIBSKWK×O [ SK@BE........... ....... 46

Bveiugk÷o b ies skstbans eaëstkges ...................................... 47Bi skstban vjs............................................................................ 42Bi skstban dbtnanx.................................................................... 43Wkstban vk`be 4666.................................................................... 48Wkstbans< noni÷hkge y khktni ...................................................... 4;

0. @KCBTBOGKNW PBGOKGNW BOPTB SK@BE [ GKOB................... 4;2. BI SK@BE @B CKGGK×O [ OE-CKGGK×O................... ................. 7>

4. NOPBGB@BOPBW JKWPETKGEW @BI SK@BE....................................... 70 >. DTBSB JKWPETKN @B IN

GKOBANPEHTNCÁN VNTNHRN[N............................................ 704. KOWPKPRGKEOBW @B BOWBÞNO\N @B GKOB [

GEAROKGNGK×O NR@KESKWRNI.............................................. 07Kostktute `b Gkob pnrn in Kocnogkn y Luvbotu` (K.G.K.L.)......... ........ 07Gkob Giud Kocnotki........................................................................ 00 Vino `b bùgngk÷o gkobantehrîckgn pnrn okþes (Vino @bok)........ 0:@bpnrtnabote `b Gkbogkns `b in Geauokgngk÷o `b inRokvbrsk`n` Gnt÷ikgn b Nsuogk÷o........... ................................... 26Aksk÷o `b Nakstn`...................................................................... 24

7. IN PBIBSKWKEO BO VNTNHRN[ .............................................. 20

Wus kokgkes.................................................................................. 20




8

7. IN @BGN@N @B IEW :6 .................................................................... 34 >. GEOPBZPE WEGKE VEIKPKGE [ GRIPRTNI @BI

VNTNHRN[ @B IEW :6 ............................................................ 34

4. WRTHB RO ORBSE GNONI BO VNTNHRN[ ........................... 877. BI SK@BE BO INPKOENAËTKGN............................................... 820. BI SK@BE BO VNTNHRN[........................................................ :>

Cbstkvnibs b vk`bes y ’Obw Anhnzkob Sk`be Tbvkstn‑............... :72. IEW TBNIK\N@ETBW [ TBNIK\NGKEOBW @B GKOB BO IN

@BGN@N @B IEW :6 ................................................................. :3Vnrnhuny vkste bs`b ncubrn...................................................... :;

Gnpátuie 7 ANTGE ABPE@EIEHKGE ....................................................................... ;>

>. VTEGB@KAKBOPE @B IN KOSBWPKHNGK×O ....................................... ;4 >. ABPEIEHKN @B PTNDNLE....................................................... ;44. VEDINGK×O.............................................................................. ;7

Tny Nrabib ................................................................................ ;7Anoubi Gubogn.......................................................................... ;0Juhe Hnanrrn ........................................................................... ;0Dbronrè Ksangjevkbz................................................................ ;2Luno Gnries Anobhikn................................................................. ;3

7. BINDETNGK×O @B GRBWPKEONTKE HRÁN.............................. ;8@kabosk÷o `b noîiksks ................................................................ ;:

Gnpátuie 0 NOÎIKWKW @B INW BOPTBSKWPNW .............................................................. >6>

>. NOÎIKWKW VNTGKNI @B INW BOPTBSKWPNW ........................................ >64 >. NOPBGB@BOPBW...................................................................... >67

4. KOKGKE @BI AESKAKBOPE @B SK@BE [ WR @BWNTTEIIE .... >607. NVETPB @BI SK@BE [ WR GEOPKORK@N@.............................. >620. TBGRBOPE @B PTNDNLEW................... ................................... >632. VTBAKEW, CBWPKSNIBW [ SK@BEPBGNW ................................ >683. EPTEW SK@BEW @B CKGGK×O @B IEW :6................................ >6:

4.NOÎIKWKW HBOBTNI E WÁOPBWKW ............................................................ >6; >. NOPBGB@BOPBW...................................................................... >6;4. KOKGKE @BI AESKAKBOPE @B SK@BE [ WR @BWNTTEIIE .... >>67. NVETPB @BI SK@BE [ WR GEOPKORK@N@.............................. >>60. TBGRBOPE @B PTNDNLEW @B CKGGK×O @B IEW :6 ............. >>>

Tny Nrabib ................................................................................ >>>Anoubi Gubogn.......................................................................... >>7

Juhe Hnanrrn ........................................................................... >>7Dbronrè Ksangjevkbz....... ...................... ................................... >>7Luno Gnries Anobhikn................................................................. >>2Etres vk`bes b ckggk÷o `b ies :6 ................. .............................. >>8




:

Gnpátuie 2GEOGIRWKEOBW [ GEABOPNTKEW CKONIBW .......................................... >44

>. SK@BEW @B CKGGK×O @B IEW :6<IE ANW VNTBGK@E N

JNGBT GKOB BO VNTNHRN[ ............................................................ >47>. ONGB BI SK@BE< BI NVEGNIKVWKW @B IEW CETANPEW ...... >474. BI SK@BE GEAE NIPBTONPKSN VNTN IN

CKGGK×O BO VNTNHRN[.......................................................... >407. BI NR@KESKWRNI VNTNHRN[E JE[..................... ................. >48

DKDIKEHTNCÁN .......................................................................................... >74

NOBZE........................................................................................................ >70




;

Gnpátuie >

KOPTE@RGGK×O




>6

>. VTBWBOPNGK×O

Bstb trndnle tkbob geae tban gbotrni bi ongkakbote `bi vk`be bo

Vnrnhuny n ckonibs `b ies 86 y su kociubogkn bo bi `bsnrreiie `b

in ckggk÷o bo in `ëgn`n `b ies :6.

Ongb `b in obgbsk`n` `b geostrukr uon pnrtb `b in jksterkn geo

in qub oe sb gubotn< in `bi nu`kevksuni pnrnhunye y

bspbgáckgnabotb in `bi vk`be.

Bi prkogkpni prep÷skte `b bstn tbskon< bs npertnr uo antbrkni

bsgrkte qub `ë uon vksk÷o, ie aîs ngbrtn`n peskdib, `b insktungk÷o `bi nu`kevksuni pnrnhunye bo uon ëpegn ginvb geae

bs in `ëgn`n `b ies :6, èo`b cierbgb in koùstrkn `bi vk`be geo

ies cbstkvnibs `b vk`be y surhb uon oubvn gnan`n `b

rbnikznèrbs.

Nsá bs geae bi tban prkogkpni bs bi vk`be `b ckggk÷o bo in

`ëgn`n `b ies :6, èo`b sb `n ëocnsks ni ongkakbote `bi vk`be

y su pestbrker kociubogkn bo bi `bsnrreiie `b in ckggk÷o bo

Vnrnhuny. Wb nprevbgj÷ in kocerangk÷o prepergkeon`n per bi

noîiksks y sb pregb`k÷ n uo rbgubote greoei÷hkge `b vk`bes `b

ckggk÷o bohiednès `botre `b ies nþes >;8; n >;;6, yn qub

vnrkns rbnikzngkeobs tuvkbreo su prbpreùggk÷o bo uo nþe y

rbgkëo ni skhukbotb nþe ckonikznreo e cubreo bxjkdkès. Bi

rbhkstre `b ies vk`bes `b ckggk÷o, kogiuyb uon drbvb ckgjn

tëgokgn.

Geae oe sb gubotn geo kocerangk÷o skstbantkzn`n sedrb bi

tban, in geostruggk÷o `bi trndnle `b kovbstkhngk÷o sb bstrugtur÷

bo ceran bxpiernterkn, y bo nihuoes gnses `bsgrkptkvn. N pnrtkr

`b bsn bstrugturngk÷o sb rbnikz÷ uo noîiksks guniktntkve dnsnè




>>

bo botrbvkstns n rbnikznèrbs, pbrke`kstns, precbserbs y

pbrseons vkoguin`ns `b nihuon ceran ni nu`kevksuni pnrnhunye

y uon rbvksk÷o `b antbrknibs bsgrktes sedrb bi tban geae tbsksnotbrkerbs, nrtáguies pbrke`ástkges, ikdres y pudikgngkeobs

ongkeonibs b kotbrongkeonibs, `b anobrn qub npertbo nihe

rbcbrbotb ni nu`kevksuni pnrnhunye `b ies :6.

Vnrn bi geotbxte y ies geabotnrkes ckonibs sb cuo`nabot÷ bi

trndnle bspbgkniabotb bo nuterbs geae Niblno`re Wgksgkeik> y

Egtnvke Hbtkoe4.

In tbskon geostn `b gkoge gnpátuies, èo`b bi prkabre prbsbotnbi tban `b bstu`ke `b in tbskon, in jkp÷tbsks n sbr `baestrn`n,

in lustkckgngk÷o `bi tban, ies edlbtkves y in kapertnogkn `b in

kovbstkhngk÷o.

Bo bi gnpátuie 4, sb `bsnrreiin bi anrge tb÷rkge. Kogiuyb teè bi

sepertb tëgokge, `bs`b in `bckokgk÷o `bi vk`be, ies skstbans, ins

oerans, bi hëobre `b ckggk÷o jnstn g÷ae sb ceran in kanhbo

bibgtr÷okgn. Pnadkëo sb `bsnrreiin in jksterkn `bi vk`be bo

Vnrnhuny, sus notbgb`botbs, guîoè ongb, `÷o`b sb

`bsnrreiin, bi kokgke `bi aksae bo in PS pnrnhunyn. Wb jngb

jkognpkë bo in `ëgn`n `b ies :6 y bi geotbxte bo bi qub sb

`bsnrreii÷ bi vk`be, ies cbstkvnibs y ies rbnikznèrbs `b bsn

`ëgn`n.

Bi gnpátuie 7 bs bi anrge abteèi÷hkge `b in kovbstkhngk÷o. Wb

bxpikgn in abteèiehán `b in kovbstkhngk÷o, in ceran `b bocegnr

y pregb`br geo ins botrbvkstns pnrn su pestbrker noîiksks.

> Vbrke`kstn `b nrtbs y bspbgtîguies bognrhnè `b ies cnsgáguies geibggkeondibs’Gkob ni `án. Ron aeoehrncán `bi sëptkae nrtb‑, B`kt. Auitkab`kn WN, Nsuogk÷o,>;;;.4 Tbnikznèr nrhbotkoe `b gkob y tbibvksk÷o. Vudikg÷ ouabreses ikdres sedrb bi tbannu`kevksuni bo bi qub sb `bstngn ’Gkob y tbibvksk÷o bo Naërkgn Intkon. Vreùggk÷o y

Abrgnès‑ >rn b`kg., Ds. Ns., IEA B`kgkeobs/B`kgkeobs GKGGRW, >;;:.




>4

Bi gnpátuie 0 bs bi noîiksks aksae `b ins botrbvkstns n ies gkoge

rbnikznèrbs bibhkès sedrb bi kokgke `bi aevkakbote `bi vk`be y

su `bsnrreiie, bi rbgubote `b sus trndnles `b ckggk÷opreùgkès, n`baîs `b ies èguabotnibs, prbakes edtbokès y

cbstkvnibs èo`b pnrtkgkpnreo. Pnadkëo sb rbnikz÷ uo rbgubote

`b vk`bes `b ckggk÷o `b etres rbnikznèrbs ùrnotb in `ëgn`n

`bi :6.

[ bi gnpátuie 2 seo ins geogiuskeobs èo`b sb bxprbsno ies

geabotnrkes n pnrtkr `b gun`res geapnrntkves bindernès

sedrb ies gkoge blbs, dnsîoèsb bo ins rbspubstns edtbok`ns

`b ies rbnikznèrbs. Pnadkëo sb `bln uon kotbrrehnotb ndkbrtn

pnrn cuturns kovbstkhngkeobs sedrb bi nu`kevksuni pnrnhunye,

dnsîoèsb bo bstn kovbstkhngk÷o.




>7

4. LRWPKCKGNGK×O

N pbsnr `b sbr `b uo sbgter `b in bxprbsk÷o nrtástkgn geo

bsgnse npeye, sb pub`b `bgkr qub bo Vnrnhuny bxkstb uo

aevkakbote `b vk`be ngtkve y rkge `botre `b ins peskdkik`n`bs

qub ecrbgb bi ab`ke. Bstb aevkakbote surhb n ckonibs `b in

`ëgn`n `b ies 86 gunoè iibhn in prkabrn gîanrn `b vk`be n

Nsuogk÷o, y sb vn ncknoznoè geo bi pnse `bi tkbape n trnvës

`b in rbnikzngk÷o `b gerteabtrnlbs `b ckggk÷o. Ies cbstkvnibs `b

vk`be qub sb rbnikzndno bo bi Gbotre Guiturni `b Bspnþn ’Luno

`b Wninznr‑ y bi Gbotre Guiturni Vnrnhunye Nabrkgnoe, brno uoanrge pnrn su certnibgkakbote.

Wko badnrhe, oe jny on`n bsgrkte sedrb bstn btnpn. N bste sb

suan in kobxkstbogkn `b uo Kostktute Ongkeoni `b Gkob, e uon

Gkobantbgn Ongkeoni, uon iby `b nu`kevksuni e uon pnrtb `bi

Nrgjkve Ongkeoni `b`kgn`n n rbshunr`nr y geosbrvnr pbiáguins

y vk`bes `b preùggk÷o pnrnhunyn.

Bxkstbo sá, tbstkaeokes y antbrknibs nu`kevksunibs qubanrgnreo btnpns y qub seo, sko ù`n jey bi cuo`nabote pnrn

te`n in hbobrngk÷o `b oubves rbnikznèrbs qub skhubo

grbnoè, preùgkboè y vkvkboè `bi nu`kevksuni

Npertnr uo antbrkni bsgrkte qub `ë uon vksk÷o `b in sktungk÷o `bi

nu`kevksuni pnrnhunye bo uon ëpegn ginvb geae bs in `ëgn`n

`b ies :6, èo`b cierbgb in koùstrkn `bi vk`be geo ies cbstkvnibs

`bi vk`be, y surhb uon oubvn gnan`n `b rbnikznèrbs, bs auyvnikese pnrn in gertn jksterkn `bi nu`kevksuni pnrnhunye.




>0

7. EDLBPKSEW

Ni kokgke in tbsks tuve uo seie edlbtkve, yn qub guniqukbr trndnle

sedrb bi nu`kevksuni pnrnhunye sb geostktuán bo uo npertb

vnikesáskae. Nsá cub geae sb pbos÷ bo bindernr uo rbgubote

greoei÷hkge `b ies vk`bes `b ckggk÷o `bs`b in iibhn`n b in

prkabrn gîanrn `b SJW n Vnrnhuny bo in `ëgn`n `b ies :6.

Ni rbnikznr uo noîiksks `bsgrkptkve `b ies jbgjes n in iuz `b in

geyuoturn segkeguiturni `b in ëpegn, surhk÷ uo oubve edlbtkve

aîs bspbgáckge< bi bstndibgbr in kociubogkn `b ies trndnles `b

ckggk÷o `b ies :6 bo in preùggk÷o `b antbrknibs `b ckggk÷o

bo ies ;6.




>2

Gnpátuie 4

ANTGETBCBTBOGKNI

PBETKGEBi gnpátuie 4 bs bi anrge tb÷rkge. Kogiuyb teè bi sepertb tëgokge, `bs`b

g÷ae sb ceran in kanhbo bibgtr÷okgn, in `bckokgk÷o `bi vk`be, ies

skstbans, ins oerans y bi hëobre `b ckggk÷o. Pnadkëo sb `bsnrreiin in

jksterkn `bi vk`be bo Vnrnhuny, ies notbgb`botbs, guîoè ongb, `÷o`b

sb `bsnrreiin y bi kokgke `bi aksae bo in PS pnrnhunyn. Wb jngb

jkognpkë bo in `ëgn`n `b ies :6, bi geotbxte bo bi qub sb `bsnrreii÷ bi

vk`be, ies cbstkvnibs y ies rbnikznèrbs `b bsn `ëgn`n.




>3

>. BI SK@BE< [E SBE

>. IN GKSKIK\NGKEO @B IN KANHBO

In kanhbo oe bs in rbnik`n`, pbre oes geobgtn geo biin n trnvës

`b uo hkhnotbsge prksan `b aki gnrns. Bspbgtnguinr, ckbi,

geosuakstn, `kvbrtk`n, edsbskvn, `bceranotb, in kanhbo y ies

ab`kes bo qub sb sustbotn geae in cetehrncán, bi `ksbþe

koùstrkni, in prbosn e in tbibvksk÷o, geostktuybo bo in ngtunik`n`

bi pubotb aîs geaüo geo ins gesns qub oes re`bno.7

Egtnvke Hbtkoe0, bo gnadke, bs aîs prîgtkge y nsbhurn qub in

k`botk`n` `b uo ko`kvkùe, geae in `b uon geauok`n`, sb

geostruyb n pnrtkr `b in preùggk÷o, gkrguingk÷o y pbrgbpgk÷o `b

kaîhbobs bxprbsn`ns bo ies pregbses `b kocerangk÷o,

bùgngk÷o y guiturn. [ blbapikckgn `kgkboè qub ’oe bs gnsuni

qub ins ongkeobs aîs pe`bresns `bi pinobtn sbno nqubiins

qub anyer gnpngk`n` y iugk`bz jno `baestrnè pnrn in

utkikzngk÷o `b su prepkn kanhbo, sbn pnrn rbcbrkr su prbsuotn e

rbni k`botk`n`, geae pnrn kotbrvbokr `bs`b biin sedrb in

k`botk`n` `b etrns geauok`n`bs‑.

In kanhbo tkbob uon kogk`bogkn tni, qub sb jngb kapbrkese

geoegbr sus tëgokgns `b cndrkgngk÷o, ies abgnoksaes `b

kociubogkn y su ibohunlb, pnrn `bsgkcrnr bi abosnlb `bi ab`ke.

’Bs in tbibvksk÷o, sko ù`n nihuon, bi ab`ke `b geauokgngk÷o

aîs kapertnotb bo in gkvkikzngk÷o `b in kanhbo nuoqub ëstn bs

s÷ie uo kostruabote `bi vk`be, qub bo rbnik`n` bs in hrno

bstrbiin perqub geo ëi sb jn botrnè, n teès ies okvbibs `b

7 SK@BE. BOGKGIEVB@KN VTNGPKGN. B`kgkeobs Oubvn Ibotb, An`rk`, >;:4.Vîh.<7. Peae >.0 HBPKOE, Egtnvke. Gkob y Pbibvksk÷o bo Naërkgn Intkon. Vreùggk÷o y abrgnès.>rn b`kg., Ds. Ns., IEA B`kgkeobs/B`kgkeobs GKGGRW, >;;:. Vîh.>:7.




>8

oubstrn vk`n, bo in brn `b in kanhbo bibgtr÷okgn. Bi vk`be bs

uon cubotb `b èguabotngk÷o, `kvbrtkakbote, rbnikzngk÷o

pbrseoni y npikgngk÷o precbskeoni. Ndrb uo koabose jerkzeotb`b peskdkik`n`bs.‑ 2

Wko badnrhe, bs uon rbnik`n` qub bi vk`be `b in anoe geo in

koceraîtkgn y ies nvnogbs tbgoei÷hkges `b ins trnosakskeobs

trnosceran geotkounabotb ins cerans `b geauokgngk÷o.

’Bi skhie ZZ, geo in npnrkgk÷o `bi gkob, in tbibvksk÷o, bi vk`be y

ins oubvns tbgoeieháns nu`kevksunibs bs, bo tërakoes

guiturnibs, bi skhie `b in kanhbo bo aevkakbote, y luote geobiin, `b in hiednikzngk÷o `b ins ongkeobs qub tuvkbreo bi pe`br

`b blbrgktnr su anoble‑. Bstn nprbgkngk÷o `b Egtnvke Hbtkoe, sb

geockran geo in ngtuni tbibvksngk÷o `b ins hubrrns èo`b

pnrtkgkpno ins hrno`bs petbogkns auo`knibs.

’In grbgkbotb utkikzngk÷o `b oubvns tbgoeieháns ae`kckgn gn`n

vbz aîs ies skstbans `b kocerangk÷o, geauokgngk÷o,

bùgngk÷o, b kogk`b cubrtbabotb bo ies gnapes `b in guiturn y

bi `bsnrreiie bo hbobrni. Nskaksae, teè ko`kgn qub bo bstb

skhie qub bstî geaboznoè, sb jndrî `b rbgurrkr augje aîs

te`nván ni use `b in kanhbo bo te`ns y gn`n uon `b ins

anokcbstngkeobs `b in bxkstbogkn juanon, `bs`b ins aîs

getk`knons jnstn ins aîs trnsgbo`botnibs...‑.

Bo gnsk teès ies gnapes, ’bi èakoke `b in preùggk÷o y

trnsaksk÷o `b kaîhbobs geostktuyb uo bspngke èo`b sb

`bckokrîo augjns `b ins gnpngk`n`bs `b kooevngk÷o y `b

grbngk÷o `b in juanok`n`. Pnadkëo, ins rbingkeobs `b pe`br

`b uons ongkeobs sedrb etrns, pnrtkguinrabotb, geo ginrns

2 SK@BE. BOGKGIEVB@KN VTNGPKGN. Ep. gkt., Vîh.<7.




>:

vbotnlns pnrn nqubiins qub èakobo ies rbgurses bgeo÷akges,

gkbotáckges, tbgoei÷hkges, koùstrknibs y geabrgknibs `b su

`ksbþe y utkikzngk÷o‑.

3

4. µ^RË BW BI SK@BE5

Sk`be bs uo tërakoe `brkvnè `bi intáo guye skhokckgnè bs ’[e

vbe‑. Wb npikgn bo prkabr iuhnr, gunoè sb jndin `b in sbþni

biëgtrkgn qub geotkbob, botrb etrns, in kocerangk÷o vksuni (sbþni

`b vk`be).

Bo uon trnosaksk÷o `b tbibvksk÷o, ins gîanrns hbobrno in sbþni

`b vk`be qub bs bovkn`n jnstn bi rbgbpter pbraktkboè vbr ni

kostnotb nqubiie qub ins gîanrns bstîo gnptnoè. Bstb

prkogkpke `b kostnotnobk`n` bo in rbgbpgk÷o (vbr ie qub bstî

egurrkboè bo bsb aksae kostnotb) bs ie qub gnrngtbrkzn

bspbgáckgnabotb ni tërakoe tbibvksk÷o (vksk÷o n `kstnogkn).

Wko badnrhe, augjes `b ies prehrnans qub jey sb pub`bo

vbr bo guniqukbr baksern `b tbibvksk÷o oe guapibo bstb

prkogkpke `b kostnotnobk`n`, ni oe sbr trnosaktkès bo `krbgte,

skoe qub jno skè hrndnès prbvknabotb y baktkès geo

pestbrkerk`n`. [ bs n bstb nspbgte `b kaîhbobs hrndn`ns, su

boteroe, bqukpes utkikznès, ibohunlb, btg. n ie qub sb

`boeakon, geo gnrîgtbr hboërkge, vk`be.

Nsá bi tërakoe vk`be jngb rbcbrbogkn oe s÷ie n in hrndngk÷o e

rbpreùggk÷o per pregb`kakbotes anhoëtkges `b kaîhbobs yseokès skogreokznès, skoe qub, n`baîs, sb iinan vk`be ni

geoluote `b teès ies bibabotes rbingkeonès geo in hrndngk÷o

3 HBPKOE, Egtnvke. Ep. gkt. Vîh.>:7/>:0.




>;

y rbpreùggk÷o `b kanhbo geae seo bi npnrnte `b vk`be, vk`be

hrndnèr (vk`be tnpb rbger`br) e anhobtesgepke, gkotn `b

vk`be, gîanrn `b vk`be, pnotniin `b vk`be, btg.

8

BI SK@BE< KANHBO BIBGPTEOKGN.

Jny qub tbobr prbsbotb, `bs`b bi prkabr aeabote, guîi bs bi

prkogkpke cuo`nabotni pnrn botbo`br bi vk`be. Nquá oe jny ok

bauiskeobs cetehrîckgns, ok indernterkes `b rbvbinè, ok

preybgterbs `b gkob. Bi bibabote prkogkpni bs in sbþni biëgtrkgn,

guyn cerangk÷o, trntnakbote y trnoscerangk÷o geostktuyb in

dnsb `b in kanhbo bibgtr÷okgn.

@b in aksan ceran qub uo akgr÷ceoe geovkbrtb eo`ns seoerns

bo sbþnibs biëgtrkgns, tnadkëo bs peskdib trnosceranr

vnrkngkeobs `b iuz bo sbþnibs biëgtrkgns. Bste bs cngtkdib

hrngkns n in bxkstbogkn `b antbrknibs, e gubrpes cetesboskdibs,

guyns gnrngtbrástkgns biëgtrkgns gnadkno ni kogk`kr sedrb biies in

iuz.

’N pnrtkr `b uon kanhbo kokgkni, jny uo pregbse `b

trnoscerangk÷o `b ins vnrkngkeobs iuakoesns `b teès ies

puotes qub geapeobo bsn kanhbo bo vnrkngkeobs biëgtrkgns

qub tkbobo uon kotbosk`n` prepergkeoni n ies vnierbs `b iuz `b

gn`n puote. Bstn trnoscerangk÷o in rbnikzn bi tude nonikznèr

`b kanhbo e tude `b gîanrn, qub sb jniin bo bi kotbrker `b in

gîanrn `b vk`be. Bi tude nonikznèr trnosceran in kocerangk÷o

`b iuz, rbgkdk`n n trnvës `bi edlbtkve `b in gîanrn, bo uon

sbþni biëgtrkgn e sbþni `b vk`be. In sbþni `b vk`be, hbobrn`n

bo in gîanrn, bs napikckgn`n y seabtk`n n uon sbrkb `b

pregbses qub pbraktbo su trnsaksk÷o per gndib e n trnvës `b

8 SK@BE. BOGKGIEVB@KN VTNGPKGN. Ep. gkt., Vîh.<7.




46

ins eo`ns jnstn bi tbibvkser, èo`b sb rbnikzn in trnsgrkpgk÷o

kovbrsn< ins vnrkngkeobs iuakoesns `b in kanhbo kokgkni seo

rbgeostktuk`ns ab`knotb bi tude gnt÷`kge `bi tbibvkser qubtrnosceran in sbþni `b vk`be rbgkdk`n bo kocerangk÷o iuakoesn.

Bo in rbgbpgk÷o `b in kanhbo, ins iáobns qub in geapeobo seo

dnrrk`ns per uo jnz `b bibgtreobs baktkès per bi tude rbgbpter.

Bi jnz rbgerrb in tetnik`n` `b in kanhbo ès vbgbs, bo >/42 e

>/76 `b sbhuoè y n uon crbgubogkn qub pbraktb ni bspbgtnèr,

hrngkns n in pbrskstbogkn `b in rbtkon, rbgeostrukr in kanhbo bo

geotkoue‑.:

In sbþni `b vk`be qub geotkbob te`n in kocerangk÷o `b in

kanhbo pub`b sbr niangbon`n per pregb`kakbotes

anhoëtkges. In hrndngk÷o anhoëtkgn `b kanhbo, skakinr bo sus

prkogkpkes n in hrndngk÷o `bi seokè, in rbnikzn uo npnrnte

iinanè anhobtesgepke e vk`be hrndnèr (vk`be tnpb

rbger`br). Bi bqukpe `b vk`be sb pub`b ceranr dîskgnabotb

geo uo anhobtesgepke y uo tbibvkser, y jngbrins aîs

geapibtns kogerpernoè in gîanrn `b vk`be, bi aeokter `b

kanhbo, uo sbhuoè anhobtesgepke pnrn rbnikznr in b`kgk÷o

(aeotnlb `b ins kaîhbobs y seokès), y jnstn uon pbqubþn

uok`n` `b bcbgtes bspbgknibs e geaputnèrn geo prehrnans

bspbgáckges `b b`kgk÷o, 7@, ablernakbote `b kaîhbobs, btg.

7. OETANW E WKWPBANW @B PBIBSKWK×O [ SK@BE

Peès ies tbibvkserbs `bi auoè oe tkbobo uo aksae skstban`b cuogkeonakbote. ’Ngtuniabotb bxkstbo ès skstbans `b PS,

bi `b trnosaksk÷o noni÷hkgn y bi `khktni, skstban qub bapbz÷ n

: SK@BE. BOGKGIEVB@KN VTNGPKGN. Ep. gkt., Vîh.< ;/>6.




4>

bxpbrkabotnrsb bo ies nþes sbtbotn y qub jey bo `án, sb bstî

hbobrnikznoè. Ni skstban `bi dinoge y obhre jn skè obgbsnrke

kogerpernrib etre ab`ke qub pbraktkbrn nonikznr y geoùgkr inssbþnibs `b greakonogkn (rele, vbr`b y nzui) qub seo bi

cuo`nabote `b in tbibvksk÷o bo geier. Ins tëgokgns utkikzn`ns

pnrn nsbhurnr in ge`kckgngk÷o `b ins kocerangkeobs bo geier jno

hbobrnè trbs hrno`bs oerans OPWG, WBGNA, y VNI qub seo

tetni e pnrgkniabotb kogeapntkdibs gunoè sb trntn `b preùgkr,

niangbonr e trnsaktkr uon kanhbo `b vk`be bo geier‑.;

Nihuoes pnásbs usno in oeran OPWG, etres bi VNI y bi rbste

WBGNA. In kogeapntkdkik`n` rn`kgn, per blbapie, bo qub uo

vk`be gnssbttb `b ± puihn`n, ¿ puihn`ns e vk`be : aa.

hrndnè bo Crnogkn geo uo bqukpe `b oeran WBGNA, oe

pub`b sbr ibáè bo Gnon`î per bi bqukpe OPWG. In üokgn

ceran `b pnsnr `b uon oeran n etrn bs rbnikznoè uon

epbrngk÷o `boeakon`n trnsgrkpgk÷o qub geoskstb bo ngtkvnr uo

bqukpe bspbgknikznè bo `bge`kckgnr y rbge`kckgnr in sbþni `b

vk`be. Ngtuniabotb, pnrn in ibgturn sb pub`b usnr uon

hrndnèrn trkoeran e auitkoeran qub pbraktb vkskeonr uo vk`be

gnssbttb OPWG, VNI, e WBGNA. Wko badnrhe, gunoè sb trntn

`b rbhkstrnr (`b preùgkr uo rbhkstre bo uon oeran `kcbrbotb) bs

obgbsnrke usnr uo trnosgrkpter.>6

@nokbi Dbnuvnks>> bo su antbrkni pb`nh÷hkge utkikznè geae

rbcbrbogkn bo bstb trndnle, `bsgrkdb aîs `btniin`nabotb sedrb

ins oerans utkikzn`ns bo teè bi auoè. N geotkoungk÷o sb

; BOGKGIEVB@KN INTERWWB KIRWPTN@N. B`kgk÷o bspbgkni bo >4 veiüabobs `biInreussb Pbaîtkge. Ntiîotk`n Gegjrnob Kaprbserbs, Hnráo, Nrhbotkon, >;;:.Vîh.<278. Peae 2.>6 DBNRSNKW, @nokbi. Vreùgkr bo vk`be. Vrbb`kgk÷o `b Sk`be Pkbrs-Aeo`b Kog.,Kostktute pnrn Naërkgn Intkon. >;:;. Vîh.<>;:/>;;.>> Kdk`.




44

jngb niusk÷o `b bsb antbrkni èo`b sb pub`bo vbr ins oerans

`b geier y bi tkpe `b skstban bapibnè, ins cerans `b

tbib`kcusk÷o pnrn dinoge y obhre, bi sbgter `b crbgubogkn y `btbosk÷o bapibnès geae per blbapie 36 Jbrtz bo >>6 Seits

(sbhüo geobxk÷o gnon`kbosb).

In oeran OPWG bs in prkabrn qub sb kovbot÷ bo >;27 bo

BB.RR. Ins kokgknibs OPWG skhokckgno ’Ontkeoni Pbibvkskeo

Wystba Geaakttbb‑. Ies qub in geosk`brno nüo geae in oeran

aboes pbrcbgtn pbsb n ins ablerns npertn`ns pestbrkerabotb,

prbtbo`bo qub OPWG skhokckgn ’Obvbr Pwkgb Pjb Wnab Geier‑

(ouogn ès vbgbs bi aksae geier). Bstn oeran sb gnrngtbrkzn

per preùgkr y trnosaktkr kaîhbobs bo geier geapubstns `b 242

iáobns (36 Jz.), n rnz÷o `b 76 kaîhbobs per sbhuoè. In

oeran OPWG sb usn prkogkpniabotb bo Naërkgn `bi Oertb,

Naërkgn Gbotrni, Lnp÷o, Gerbn `bi Wur, Ckikpkons y Pnkwno.

In oeran VNI (Vjnsb Nitbrontkvb Ikob) jn skè grbn`n bo in

Tbpüdikgn Cb`brni Nibanon bo >;37 per Xkijbia Drugj

(Pbibcuombo) y sb usn prkogkpniabotb bo Burepn Eggk`botni. Wbusn tnadkëo bo nihuoes pnásbs `b Naërkgn `bi Wur, geae

Drnski, Vnrnhuny y Nrhbotkon. In kanhbo VNI sb gnrngtbrkzn

per tbobr 342 iáobns (26 Jz.), n rnz÷o `b 42 kaîhbobs per

sbhuoè. In oeran VNI bs uo `brkvnè `bi skstban OPWG `bi

guni pe`rán `bgkrsb qub geostktuyb uon vbrsk÷o ablern`n. @bdb

sbþninrsb qub bxkstbo vnrknotbs `b in oeran VNI< in VNI-A y

in VNI-D. Pnadkëo bstî in `kcbrbogkn botrb VNI JK-dno` (DSR)

y VNI IEX-dno` (R-Antkg).

In oeran WBGNA (Wëqubotkbi fn aëaekrb) in `bsnrreii÷ bo

Crnogkn in geapnþán `b tbibvksk÷o Jbork `b Crnogb bo >;2;. Bs




47

uo skstban `b 342 iáobns (26 Jz.), n rnz÷o `b 42 kaîhbobs per

sbhuoè y sb utkikzn sedrb teè bo nihuoes pnásbs `b Îcrkgn, bo

Geieadkn y bo Huynon Crnogbsn, nsá geae bo Tuskn y Burepn`bi Bstb, èo`b uon vnrknotb `b in oeran `b tbib`kcusk÷o (in

oeran @) vubivb kogeapntkdib bi use `bi bqukpe e `b rbhkstres

`b oeran I (utkikzn`n bo Crnogkn).

BSEIRGK×O @B IEW WKWPBANW @EAËWPKGEW

Vnrn qub bi vk`be sb kotreùzgn anskvnabotb bo ies jehnrbs,

sb `bsnrreii÷ uo skstban `b vk`be èaëstkge qub prbstb aîs

sbrvkgkes n uo aboer geste. N geotkoungk÷o sb jngb rbcbrbogkn

n bsb `bsnrreiie e bveiugk÷o `b ies skstbans geosuitnè bo in

’Bogkgiepb`kn Vrîgtkgn‑>4 bo su teae `b`kgnè ni vk`be.

@bs`b ies prkabres aeabotes in bveiugk÷o jn skè geostnotb.

Nsá ni prkabr skstban èaëstkge, bi SGT geo gnpngk`n` pnrn

uon jern `b rbhkstre, ib sugb`b bi SGT-IV qub nàktb ès

jerns `b rbhkstre, kokgkîoèsb in bxpnosk÷o `bi vk`be bo bi

jehnr.

Bi hrno deea sb preùgb bo bi nþe >;8;, gunoè npnrbgb bi

skstban `b rbhkstre `b nitn `bosk`n` qub pbraktb èdinr bi

tkbape ütki pnrn uon aksan gnotk`n` `b gkotn, rbùgkboè bi

geste `b utkikzngk÷o. Npikgnoè bstn tbgoeiehán jno surhkè

`kstkotes skstbans `b vk`bes (SJW, DBPN, SK@BE 4666)

kogeapntkdibs botrb sá per in ceran bo qub pregbsno in sbþni y

sus gnrngtbrástkgns `b rbspubstn (geae yn sb bxpikg÷ bo bi átba

notbrker< ’Oerans e skstbans `b PS y vk`be‑). Bste grbn bo bi

abrgnè uon geapbtbogkn y bo bi nckgkeonè in kogbrtkùadrb

`bi skstban n bibhkr.

>4 SK@BE. CKGJBTE VTÎGPKGE. B`s. Oubvn Ibotb, An`rk`, >;:4. Vîh. (7) 00.




40

Wkstban Nþe Nogje(Burepn)

Pkbapegkotn

Sbiegk`n`rbhkstre `b

gkotn

SGT >;86/84 ±‛‛ > jern >0‛4; ga/sbh

SGT-IV >;88 ±‛‛ 4 ± js. 3‛;3 ga/sbh

WST >;83/88 ±‛‛ 0 js. 7‛ ;2 ga/sbh

SJW >;88 ±‛‛ 7 ¹ js. 4‛ 77; ga/sbh

DBPN >;88 ±‛‛ 7 ¹ js. >‛ :8 ga/sbh

SK@BE 4666 >;8;/:6 4 ¹ ‛‛ 4 x 0 js. 4‛ 77 ga/sbh

Gun`re Bveiutkve b ies skstbans trn`kgkeonibs. >7

Bi vk`be, surhkè bo bi nþe >;23, jn rbveiugkeonè bi auoè

bo in kanhbo bo ies gnapes precbskeonibs èaëstkges. Wu

npikgngk÷o geakbozn bo ies bstu`kes `b PS sustktuyboè geo

boerabs vbotnlns ni rbhkstre sedrb sepertb gkob. Bo bi auoè

`bi jehnr su npikgngk÷o geakbozn bo ies nþes 8>/84 ni pnrbgbr

geo in gkotn `b cerante ab`kn puihn`n bo gnssbttb y in

kogerperngk÷o n ies anhobtesgepkes `b gkrguktes qub jngbo

peskdib hrndnr `krbgtnabotb `b in notbon ins bakskeobs `btbibvksk÷o y vkskeonrins bo uo rbgbpter PS geovbogkeoni.

Bo ies kokgkes `b ies nþes :6 geakbozn etrn oubvn btnpn `b

bveiugk÷o qub tkbo`b n rbùgkr bi tnanþe `b ies bqukpes

jngkboè jkognpkë bo ies bqukpes pertîtkibs pnrn in gnptngk÷o

`b kaîhbobs. Wurhbo nsá skstbans geae bi GSG (>/0 `b

puihn`n), SJW-G (GEAVNGP) y Sk`be : aa (bxpbrkabotni).

Etrn oevb`n` bo in bveiugk÷o `b ies skstbans bs in

kogerperngk÷o `bi anhobtesgepke n in gîanrn ceranoè uon

uok`n` geapngtn `b cîgki y rîpkè anoble.

>7 SK@BE. CKGJBTE VTÎGPKGE. Ep. gkt.. Vîh. (7) 00.




42

BI WKWPBAN SJW

@bsnrreiinè per in ckran lnpeobsn Lnpno Skgter Geapnoy

(LSG), cub kotreùgkè bo Burepn bo >;8:. In `boeakongk÷o

SJW gerrbspeo`b n ins skhins `b Sk`be Jeab Wystba y bs, ni

khuni qub in oeran Dbtn, `b nitn `bosk`n` `b hrndngk÷o. In

vbiegk`n` `b nrrnstrb (4,77 ga/sbh) bs ikhbrnabotb supbrker

qub bo bi skstban Dbtn (>,:8 ga/sbh), pbraktkboè edtbobr uo

tkbape `b hrndngk÷o `b jnstn 406 akoutes geo uon gkotn bo

gnssbttb guyns `kaboskeobs seo >:: x >60 x 42 aa.>0

Bi skstban `b gnrhn `b in gkotn bs `boeakonè bo "A", `bngubrè geo in ceran qub rbprbsbotn in gkotn ni sktunrsb sedrb

bi tnader pertngndbzns. @bpbo`kboè `b ies `kcbrbotbs

cndrkgnotbs y ae`bies, in gkotn pub`b bstnr gnrhn`n bo te`ns

ins cerans `b cuogkeonakbote (pbraktkboè gîanrn ibotn,

rîpk`n, btg.) e tno s÷ie bo ies ae`bies TBG y VIN[. Bi hrnè

aîxkae `b tersk÷o nignozn ies 206¼, skboè bi aîs nite `b

teès ies skstbans.

In vbiegk`n` `b ins gndbzns `b vk`be (hrndngk÷o /

rbpreùggk÷o) bs `b 0,:7 a/sbh. Ie qub pbraktb uon rbseiugk÷o

e gnik`n` `b kanhbo `b 406/426 iáobns. Bstb skstban utkikzn

ès gndbzns `b vk`be bocrbotn`ns `b >:6 ¼ (geo uo îohuie `b

nzkaut `b 2¼ 28' 26'') y sktun`ns bo uo tnader `b 32 aa. `b

`kîabtre, guyn pnrtb supbrker bs seik`nrkn geo ins gndbzns y

hkrn geo in gkotn. @b bstn ceran, sb rbùgb bi `bshnstb

preùgkè per bi geotkoue reznakbote botrb bi tnader y in gkotn.

Bi nogje `b in gkotn bapibn`n pnrn in dno`n `b vk`be bs `b

>6,3 aa., skboè `b > aa. pnrn in `b nu`ke. Bi rbste jnstn

>0 SK@BE. CKGJBTE VTÎGPKGE. Ep. gkt. Vîh. (7) 02.




43

geapibtnr in >/4 puihn`n `bi nogje tetni, bs bapibnè pnrn in

pkstn `b geotrei y ies bspngkes `b sbpnrngk÷o.>2

BI WKWPBAN DBPNANZ

Cub `bsnrreiinè botrb ies nþes >;88 y >;8: per in ckran

lnpeobsn WEO[. In `boeakongk÷o DBPN gerrbspeo`b n nitn

`bosk`n` `b hrndngk÷o, ie guni skhokckgn qub ins pkstns

hrndn`ns bo in gkotn oe tkbobo bspngke `b sbpnrngk÷o. Ver bstb

aetkve, ab`knotb uon vbiegk`n` `b nrrnstrb rbintkvnabotb dnln

(>,:8 ga/sbh) sb pub`b edtbobr uo tkbape `b hrndngk÷o `b

jnstn 442 akoutes geo uon gkotn bo gnssbttb qub bs in aîs

pbqubþn `bi abrgnè (>22 x ;2 x 40). >3

In gnrhn `b in gkotn bs bo ceran `b ’R‑, pbranobgkboè

gnrhn`n bo te`ns ins cerans `b cuogkeonakbote (hrndngk÷o,

rbpreùggk÷o, nvnogb y rbtregbse), ie qub pbraktb etre tkpe `b

prbstngkeobs geae gîanrn ibotn y gîanrn rîpk`n. Bi hrnè

aîxkae `b tersk÷o bo bstb skstban `b bojbdrnè bs `b 486¼,

sboskdibabotb kocbrker ni utkikznè per SJW y S-4666 `bVJKIKVW, qub ie rbnikzno bo ceran `b A (206¼ y 736¼

rbspbgtkvnabotb).

In vbiegk`n` `b ins gndbzns `b vk`be (hrndngk÷o /

rbpreùggk÷o), qub bo `bckoktkvn bs bi pnrîabtre qub `btbrakon

in gnik`n` `b in kanhbo rbhkstrn`n, bs in aîs nitn `b ies trbs

skstbans (2>,:> a/sbh.)

Bo bi skstban Dbtn ni khuni qub bi SJW sb utkikzn teè bi nogje`b gkotn ùrnotb in hrndngk÷o-rbpreùggk÷o. Nihuons anrgns

>2 SK@BE. CKGJBTE VTÎGPKGE. Ep. gkt. Vîh. (7) 02.>3 Kdk`. Vîh.< (7)03.




48

qub jno nèptnè bi skstban Dbtnanx seo in WEO[, CKWJBT,

OBG, WNO[E, PJEWJKDN, XBHN, \BOKPJ\.

Bstb skstban utkikzn ès gndbzns `b vk`be bocrbotn`ns >:6¼ y

sktun`ns bo uo tnader `b 82 aa. `b `kîabtre, bo bi qub tno

seie hkrn bi `ksge pertn gndbzns. Bi nogje `b in gkotn, ni khuni

qub bo bi rbste `b ies skstbans, bs `b ab`kn puihn`n y bstî

rbpnrtkè botrb bi bspngke bapibnè pnrn hrndnr in kanhbo

(vk`be) (>6,4 aa.) y bi bapibnè pnrn bi seokè (nu`ke)

(>,62aa.), skboè bi rbste pnrn in pkstn `b geotrei y ies

bspngkes `b sbpnrngk÷o.

Ins pkstns `b kanhbo geotkbobo kocerangk÷o `b 7>4 iáobns in

prkabrn, 7>7 in sbhuo`n y nsá sugbskvnabotb, per ie qub gn`n

ès pkstns geapibtno ins 342 iáobns `bi skstban `b tbibvksk÷o

VNI.

WKWPBAN SK@BE 4666.

Bi Sk`be 4666 `bsnrreiinè per ins ckrans Vjkikps y Hruo`kh, cub

prbsbotnè bo egtudrb `b >;8;, bo in cbrkn `b Dbriáo, geo bi

ae`bie SGT 4666 `b Vjkikps. Botrb sus npertngkeobs, gndb

`bstngnr in rbùggk÷o `bi nogje `b gkotn bapibnè pnrn in

hrndngk÷o `b kanhbo y seokè, y bi `boeakonè sbhukakbote

`koîakge `b pkstn e @PC (@yonakg Prngm Ceiiewkoh).

Bi nogje obgbsnrke `b in gkotn bo bstb skstban bs ¹ puihn`ns,

bs `bgkr, in aktn` `b in gkotn stno`nr` (± puihn`n). @b bstn

ceran, sb edtkbob uon gkotn rbvbrskdib bo gnssbttb `b`kaboskeobs >:7 x >>6 x 43, guye tkbape `b hrndngk÷o pub`b

nignoznr jnstn : jerns. Bo bstb sbotkè, Hruo`kh bstî

`bsnrreiinoè uo skstban nute rbvbrskdib pnrn seivbotnr bi




4:

prediban qub supeob jnstn bi aeabote, tbobr qub `nrib in

vubitn n in gkotn ni ckonikznr ins prkabrns 0 jerns.

Bi sbhukakbote `koîakge `b pkstn (@PC), pbraktb suprkakr in

pkstn `b geotrei y bi geotrei anouni `b Prngmkoh, edtbokboè in

tetni geapntkdkik`n` botrb npnrntes `b in aksan cnakikn. Ins

gndbzns `b vk`be geosbrvno in peskgk÷o dîskgn `botre `bi

tnader pertn gndbzns guye `kîabtre bs `b 32 aa., pbre

aeotn`ns sedrb uo antbrkni pkbzegbrîakge, `boeakonè VZB,

qub sb gurvn geo in tbosk÷o. Wu ckonik`n` bs in düsqub`n

nuteaîtkgn `b ins pkstns `b vk`be hrndn`ns bo in gkotn,

ab`knotb uo gkrgukte qub ib npikgn uon tbosk÷o `b okvbi

nsgbo`botb jnstn qub ins gndbzns qub`no sktun`ns sedrb ins

pkstns.

In gnrhn `b in gkotn bs bo ceran `b A bo ies ae`bies Vjkikps, y

bo R bo ies npnrntes `b Hruo`kh, nignoznoè uo hrnè aîxkae

`b tersk÷o `b 736¼ y 486¼ rbspbgtkvnabotb.

In vbiegk`n` `b nrrnstrb `b in gkotn, bs `b 4,00 ga/sbh, skboè

in aîs nitn `b teès ies skstbans, y in vbiegk`n` `b ins

gndbzns `b vk`be (hrndngk÷o / rbpreùggk÷o) bs `b 2,63a/sbh.,

geo ie qub sb edtkbob uon rbseiugk÷o e gnik`n` `b kanhbo `b

426 iáobns.

Nihuons anrgns qub jno nèptnè bi skstban S4666 seo in

VJKIKVW, HTRO@KH, DNOH & EIRCCWBO , KPP, METPKOH,

IEBXB-EVPN, WKBABOW, ABP\, ANTNOP\.>8

>8 SK@BE. CKGJBTE VTÎGPKGE. Ep. gkt. Vîh. (7) 08.




4;

WKWPBANW< NONI×HKGE [ @KHKPNI

Ngtuniabotb bxkstbo ès skstbans `b PS, bi `b trnosaksk÷o

noni÷hkgn y bi `khktni. Bstb üitkae bapbz÷ n bxpbrkabotnrsb bo

ies nþes sbtbotn y jey bo `án, sb bstî hbobrnikznoè. Vnrn

kiustrnr bstes skstbans (skboè ëstes s÷ie uo rbcbrbotb) sb

bapib÷ in kocerangk÷o `b in Bogkgiepb`kn Inreussb Kiustrn`n. >:

Bi skstban noni÷hkge sb iinan nsá perqub in aeùingk÷o `b in

sbþni `b vk`be bs prepergkeoni n in `b ins kotbosk`n`bs

iuakoesns per bi puote iuakoese. Bi `khktni sb dnsn, bo

prkogkpke, yn oe bo in vnrkngk÷o geotkoun `b in kotbosk`nìuaáokgn, skoe bo in ab`k`n `b in kotbosk`n` `b gn`n puote. Bi

vnier `b in sbþni bs rbgertnè y aubstrbnè bo uon sugbsk÷o

`b kapuises, qub sb bxprbsno bo oüabres dkonrkes y

pbranobgbo konitbrnès, sko kapertnr ins vnrkngkeobs qub

ecrbzgn in sbþni kokgkni. Bstb skstban pbraktb in edtbogk÷o `b

uon sbþni auy bstndib, cngkiktn in `bge`kckgngk÷o y ecrbgb

augjns peskdkik`n`bs `b geapeskgk÷o (kaîhbobs `b sáotbsks).

Akbotrns oe sb hbobrnikgb in tbibvksk÷o `b nitn `bckokgk÷o

(P.S.N.@.), bo Burepn bxkstb uo ae`bie kotbrab`ke botrb bi

noni÷hkge y bi `khktni< bi @4 Ang Vnqubt, geo uon gnik`n` `b

kanhbo gbrgnon n in `bi gkob. Vub`b rbgkdkrsb per VNI y per

WBGNA, tnote per eo`ns jbrtzknons geae per gndib.

0. @KCBTBOGKNW PBGOKGNW BOPTB SK@BE [ GKOB.Vbsb n gkbrtns sbablnozns, bi vk`be bs uo ab`ke

geapibtnabotb `kcbrbotb ni gkob. Bo vk`be, bi seokè y in

>: BOGKGIEVB@KN INTERWWB KIRWPTN@N. Ep. gkt. Vîh.<278.




76

kanhbo seo hrndnès skauitîobnabotb bo uo sepertb

anhoëtkge y oe bo uon pbiáguin. Bsb sepertb anhoëtkge (in

gkotn `bi vk`be gnssbttb) oe obgbsktn trntnakbote pnrtkguinr(geae bi `bsnrreiie `b in pbiáguin), ie qub peskdkiktn vbr bi

antbrkni re`nè koab`kntnabotb `bspuës `bi rbhkstre geo s÷ie

geobgtnr in hrndnèrn n uo tbibvkser e usnr bi vkser bibgtr÷okge

`b in gîanrn (uo akok aeokter aeoegreaîtkge).

In gkotn `b vk`be pbraktb tnadkëo derrnr y hrndnr `b ngubrè n

in obgbsk`n`, ie qub geostktuyb uon bgeoeaán `b tkbape geo

rbingk÷o n in pbiáguin `b gkob, yn qub koab`kntnabotb `bspuës

`bi re`nlb, sb pub`b vbr in kanhbo y eár bi seokè bxngtnabotb

geae jno skè hrndnès, y rbteanr uon bsgbon, sk ëstn sb

qukbrb ae`kckgnr.

Bi bqukpe `b vk`be, pnrtkguinrabotb bi èaëstkge, pbraktb

tnadkëo bi use `b gnssbttbs `b inrhn ùrngk÷o (>46 akoutes),

akokakznoè nsá in crbgubogkn `b ins epbrngkeobs `b gnrhn y

`bsgnrhn `b pbiáguin gnrngtbrástkgn bo bi gkob. Ver etre inè,

skboè uon gkotn anhoëtkgn `botre `b uo gnssbttb ie qubgeostktuyb bi vk`be, in epbrngk÷o `bsaeotnlb (per b`kgk÷o) oe

tkbob okohuon sbablnozn geo bi gkob (qub bs uon pbiáguin

boreiin`n èo`b sb pub`bo vbr ins kaîhbobs), yn qub in gkotn

`b vk`be oe pub`b sbr gertn`n y pbhn`n cáskgnabotb. Jny qub

gepknr uoe n uoe ies gun`res sbibggkeonès sedrb uo oubve

gnssbttb, qub sb geovbrtkrî bo bi gnssbttb anstbr qub geotkbob

bi preùgte ckoni.>;

>; SK@BE. CKGJBTE VTÎGPKGE. Ep. gkt. Vîh. (7) 3.




7>

Sk`be Gkob

Wepertb Bibgtr÷okge

(Dno`n anhoëtkgn)Cetehrîckge

(Bauisk÷o cetesboskdib)

Wkstban `b rbhkst re Hrndngk÷o anhoëtkgn Tbhkstre cetequáakge

Wkstbans kogeapntkdibs SJW, DBPN, S.4666 Rokvbrsni

Nuteoeaán gnsbtb 46 akoutes n 0 jerns 7 n >4 akoutes

Skskeonè kostnotîobe WáOe

Tbvbinè b pbiáguinbo indernterke

@upikgnès (gepkn) Cîgki geo 4 anhobtesgepkes46 Vregbse n rbnikznr

bo indernterke

Geo`kgkeobs b pegn

iuz

Wb pub`b hrndnr Oe sb pub`b ckianr

Skskeonè Cîgki,

kogiuse bo in prepkn gîanrnWb obgbsktn gnrhnr in

pbiáguin bo uo preybgter

Vretbggk÷o b in gkotn Bo gnsbtb, auy sbhurnBo dedkons bxpubstns n

`btbrkere bo in preybggk÷o

Geovbrsk÷o Gkob/Sk be Wá. Mkobsgepnè Wá. Pbibgkob

@bckokgk÷o `b in kanhbo Ngbptndib Dubon

Geo`kgkeobs bvkskeonè

Iuz nadkbotb Wnin esgurn

Gun`re geapnrntkve botrb vk`be y gkob.4>

2. BI SK@BE @B CKGGK×O [ OE-CKGGK×O

Bxkstbo ckiabs `b ckggk÷o y ies qub oe seo ckggk÷o èo`b sb

ginskckgnrán n ies ckiabs èguabotnibs e gkbotáckges.

Wedrb bstb puote, in kocerangk÷o utkikzn`n gerrbspeo`b ni ikdre

’Bstëtkgn `bi gkob‑ 44 `bi guni sb bxtrnb ie skhukbotb< ’Ie prepke

46 Anhobtesgepkes< gnsbtbres `b vk`be4> SK@BE. CKGJBTE VTÎGPKGE. Ep. gkt. Vîh. (7) 3.44 NRAEOP, L.= N. Dbrhnin= A. Anrkb= A. Sbrobt. (Bstj÷tkqub u ckia) Bstëtkgn `bi

gkob. Bspngke cáiakge, aeotnlb, onrrngk÷o, ibohunlb. B`ktkeos Cbrono` Ontjno.

Crnogkn, >;:7. Vîh< >66.




74

`bi ckiab `b ckggk÷o bs rbprbsbotnr nihe kanhkonrke, uon jksterkn.

Wk sb `bsgeapeob bi pregbse, sb pub`b vbr qub bi gkob `b

ckggk÷o geoskstb bo uon èdib rbprbsbotngk÷o< bi `bgernè y iesngterbs kotbrprbtno uon sktungk÷o qub bs in ckggk÷o, in jksterkn

geotn`n= y in prepkn pbiáguin, dnle in ceran `b kaîhbobs y

yuxtnpubstns, rbpreùgb bstn prkabrn rbprbsbotngk÷o. Bi gkob

`b ckggk÷o bs per ie tnote, ès vbgbs krrbni< per ie qub

rbprbsbotn (in ckggk÷o) y per in anobrn qub ie rbprbsbotn

(kaîhbobs `b edlbtes e `b ngterbs).

In rbprbsbotngk÷o cáiakgn, per in rkqubzn pbrgbptkvn y ck`bik`n`

`b ies `btniibs, bs aîs rbnikstn qub ins etrns nrtbs `b

rbprbsbotngk÷o (pkoturn, tbntre...), pbre ni aksae tkbape, s÷ie

`bln vbr bckhkbs, seadrns rbhkstrn`ns `b edlbtes qub bstîo, bo

sá aksaes nusbotbs. Bi gkob tkbob bi pe`br `b ’nusbotnr‑ ie qub

oes aubstrn< ie ’nusbotn‑ bo bi tkbape y bo bi bspngke pubste

qub in bsgbon ckian`n yn jn pnsnè, n`baîs `b jndbrsb

`bsnrreiinè bo etrn pnrtb `kcbrbotb n in pnotniin èo`b

npnrbgb. Bo bi tbntre, ie qub sb rbprbsbotn, ie qub skhokckgn

(ngterbs, `bgernès, nggbserkes) bs rbni y bxkstb, nuoqub ie

rbprbsbotnè sbn ckgtkgke. Bo bi gkob, rbprbsbotnotb y

rbprbsbotnè seo, ies ès, ckgtkgkes. Bo bstb sbotkè, guniqukbr

ckiab bs uo ckiab `b ckggk÷o.

Bo uo ckiab gkbotáckge e èguabotni oe sb rbprbsbotn nihe

kanhkonrke, skoe bo ’tberán‑ sb dusgn aestrnr in rbnik`n` tni

geae bs, èguabotnr ie qub egurrb, pnrtkboè per supubste `b

in dnsb `b qub oe bxkstb in edlbtkvk`n` ndseiutn `bs`b bi

aksae aeabote bo qub in gîanrn qub èguabotn nihe `bgk`b

geo bi bogun`rb ie qub bs kapertnotb y ie qub oe ie bs.




77

Dnle bstes ès skapibs pnrîabtres sb pub`b `bckokr in ckggk÷o

`b in oe-ckggk÷o e ckiab gkbotáckge-èguabotni, nsuakboè qub

bo augjes gnses sb kotbhrno `bpbo`kboè bxgiuskvnabotb `bitkpe `b rbinte qub sb `bsbn geostrukr.




70

4. NOPBGB@BOPBW JKWPETKGEW @BI SK@BE

>. DTBSB JKWPETKN @B IN GKOBANPEHTNCKN VNTNHRN[N.

Geae bi tban `b bstu`ke bs dîskgnabotb bi vk`be pnrnhunye

`bs`b sus kokgkes, pnrn tbobr uo prbgb`botb `bi aksae sb

`bgk`k÷ utkikznr ni gkob yn qub brn uo notbgb`botb jkst÷rkge per

su onturnibzn. Bstn rbsbþn `bi gkob pnrnhunye qub sb `bsgrkdb

aîs n`binotb, sb sustbotn bo bi trndnle pbrke`ástkge `b

Niblno`re Wgksgkeik47 rbnikznè pnrn uon pudikgngk÷o bspbgkni

sedrb gkob, `bi pbrk÷`kge (yn `bsnpnrbgkè) ’Bi @án‑.

Wk dkbo bs gkbrte qub bo uon prkabrn ibgturn in ngtkvk`n`

gkobantehrîckgn bo bi Vnrnhuny pnrbgkbrn oe tbobr uon

jksterkn, in rbnik`n` `baubstrn etrn gesn, yn qub per blbapie,

in prkabrn preybggk÷o püdikgn qub tuve iuhnr bo Vnrnhuny cub

`b èguabotnibs.

Tbpreùgkr cáiakgnabotb ies pnksnlbs, in hbotb, pinsanr bo uon

edrn nu`kevksuni n in jksterkn qub gnrngtbrkzn ni pnás y qub in

hbotb sb vbn rbcibln`n n trnvës `b biin, sb kotbot÷ augjns

vbgbs y sb iehr÷ bo notbrkerbs epertuok`n`bs. Pni bs bi gnse `b

"Bi Vubdie" `b Gnries Wnhukbr bo >;86, e `b "Gbrre Gerî" `b

Hukiibrae Sbrn bo >;8:, per gktnr nihuoes kotbotes. Wko

badnrhe, in cnitn `b geotkouk`n` y in pegn `kcusk÷o, pnrbgbo sbr

ins gnrngtbrástkgns aîs kapertnotbs `bi gkob pnrnhunye.

Akbotrns bo Nrhbotkon y Drnski bi gkob sb certnibgán geae

Koùstrkn, ngî ins preùggkeobs brno gn`n vbz aîs bsgnsns,

47 WGKWGKEIK, Niblno`re. Gkob ni án. Ron aeoehrncán bi sëptkae nrtb. Cnsgáguiesgeibggkeondibs `bi `knrke Bi @án. B`kterkni Auitkab`kn W.N. Nsuogk÷o, >;;;. Vîhs.<>4;/>73.




72

rnz÷o per in guni in cnitn `b trn`kgk÷o gkobantehrîckgn oe

peskdkikt÷ uo `bsnrreiie tëgokge y juanoe `bi gkob geae

Koùstrkn y geae precbsk÷o.

Bo >;:6 surhb bi vk`be, uo cerante qub pbraktk÷, per ies dnles

gestes, uon preùggk÷o geosk`brndib `b antbrknibs `b ckggk÷o

geo gkbrtn crbgubogkn, nuoqub bo in anyerán `b ies gnses,

tnapege geotnreo geo uon `kcusk÷o anskvn. Bs kapertnotb

`bstngnr bi trndnle bo gkob `b oubstre pnás pnrn botbo`br bi

`bsnrreiie `bi vk`be bo in hbobrngk÷o `bi :6.

In prkabrn bxjkdkgk÷o püdikgn `b gkob bo Nsuogk÷o sb preùlebi sîdnè 4 `b luoke `b >;66, gkoge nþes `bspuës `b qub ies

jbranoes Iuakbrb kovbotnrno bi gkob.

Pe`n in prkabrn btnpn `bi gkob bo Vnrnhuny bs `b tkpe

èguabotni, y oeraniabotb brno bxtrnolbres ies qub vboáno n

ckianr n oubstre pnás. N prkogkpkes `b ies nþes 46, uo hrupe `b

èguabotnikstns crnogbsbs crngns÷ bo su aksk÷o `b rbnikznr uo

ckiab sedrb bi Gjnge y, bgeo÷akgnabotb ngugknès, ies

aksaes `bdkbreo vbo`br su gîanrn. Bi geaprnèr cub Jkp÷ikte

Lerhb Gnrr÷o, "bi pkeobre" qub luote geo su guþnè Hukiibrae

ûbii y su sedrkoe Okgeiîs Gnrr÷o ûbii cub bi rbspeosndib `b

ins prkabrns pbiáguins rbnikzn`ns per pnrnhunyes.

Bo >;42 ckiano ’Nian pnrnhunyn‑, gkotn `b 72 akiáabtres qub

rbtrnt÷ in trn`kgkeoni pbrbhrkongk÷o n Gnngupë. Etre èguabote

re`nè per bstes pkeobres cub bi nuxkike gku`n`noe iibvnè

n`binotb iubhe `bi teronè qub `bvnst÷ Bognrongk÷o bi 46 `b

sbptkbadrb `b >;43. Nskaksae, sb ibs ntrkduyb n bstes

pkeobres in ckiangk÷o `bi sbpbike `b Bikhke Nynin, bo egtudrb `b

>;76.




73

Vestbrkerabotb, Gnrr÷o ûbii bo anye `b >;7> rbtrnt÷ tnadkëo

bo ; akiáabtres, in iibhn`n `b ies gnþeobres Juanktî y

Vnrnhuny ni pubrte nsuogboe. Botrb etres trndnles, bstb bqukpe`b gkobnstns sb kotbrbs÷ bo ckianr ins leron`ns dexástkgns `bi

`bsnpnrbgkè Vnrqub Aeregen.

Notbs `b qub in Hubrrn `bi Gjnge bstniinsb, Gnrr÷o ûbii

rbnikz÷ ins prkabrns teans nërbns `b Nsuogk÷o. @urnotb bi

geocikgte geo Deikvkn, bi rbnikznèr rbtrnt÷ in iibhn`n `b ies

prkskeobres deikvknoes trns in vkgterkn `b Dequbr÷o, nsá geae

nihuons bsgbons `b in geotkbo`n. Vnrn bi rbnikznèr y

pbrke`kstn Anoubi Gubogn, ëstn bs in pbiáguin pnrnhunyn aîs

notkhun qub pub`b sbr vkstn. Cub nsá, qub @urnotb in Hubrrn

`bi Gjnge, botrb ies nþes >;74 y >;72 sb preùle uo aeabote

`b dnstnotb preùggk÷o èguabotni.

Vege `bspuës `b tbrakon`n in hubrrn iibh÷ ni Vnrnhuny uo

ngter nrhbotkoe npbiik`nè Creakhubt, qukbo jngán rn`ketbntre

bo uon `b ins notkhuns bakserns `b Nsuogk÷o. Bstb nrtkstn cub

bi prkogkpni preaeter `bi re`nlb `b uoe `b ies prkabresinrheabtrnlbs rbnikznès bo oubstre pnás. Bi ckiab, re`nè bo

>;78, sb iina÷ ’Vnrnhuny, tkbrrn `b preaksk÷o‑. Bi huk÷o cub

bsgrkte per bi geapeskter pnrnhunye Tbadbrte Hkaëobz y in

`krbggk÷o gerrk÷ per gubotn `bi bspnþei Lnabs Dnwbr. Bi ckiab

tuve geae pretnheokstn cbabokon n in ngtrkz nrhbotkon Anruln

Vngjbge Jubrhe. Ies re`nlbs `b kotbrkerbs cubreo rbnikznès

bo in qukotn `b in cnakikn Xbkibr, bo bi ’Hrno Jetbi `bi

Vnrnhuny‑ y bo bi `bsnpnrbgkè ’Skin‑ y ies bxtbrkerbs sb

ckianreo bo in gniib Vnian.




78

Ver etrn pnrtb, tnadkëo in gkbogkn sb vke dbobckgkn`n per in

ngtkvk`n` `b Nhustáo Gnrr÷o ûbii, qukbo rbnikz÷ ins prkabrns

ckiangkeobs `b kotbrvbogkeobs qukrürhkgns bo bi Vnrnhuny nire`nr ùrnotb >;08, bo >3 aa, uon epbrngk÷o rbnikzn`n per bi

ègter Jëgter Dins Tukz bo bi gubrpe `b uon gnapbskon, n

qukbo sb ib bxtkrp÷ uo tuaer `b >3 mkies.

Bo oevkbadrb `bi aksae nþe, Gnrr÷o ûbii ckia÷ su prkabrn

pbiáguin bo 72 akiáabtres geo seokè. Ie jkze per bognrhe `b

uon baprbsn pbtreibrn, in Vurb Eki, qub rbnikzndn

pbrcerngkeobs bo bi Gjnge. Pnadkëo bo >;08 geaboz÷ n ckianr

pnrn in baprbsn BOCKIVN oetkgknrkes rbnikznès bo 72 aa qub

cubreo bxjkdkès bo te`ns ins snins `b Nsuogk÷o, nuoqub in

kokgkntkvn cub `b auy gertn ùrngk÷o.

Veges nþes `bspuës, bo >;20, bi hedkbroe `b Nicrbè

Wtrebssobr kostnur÷ bi "Oetkgkbre Ongkeoni", qub geoskstán bo

trndnles èguabotnibs jbgjes bo ckiab `b 72 aa. Ins

prkogkpnibs kocerangkeobs `b bses oetkgkbres brno ins

ngtkvk`n`bs peiátkgns. Bi rbspeosndib `b bstes oetkgkbres brnLerhb Vbruzzk, qukbo geotndn geo in geinderngk÷o tëgokgn `bi

drnskibþe @eakohe Wenrbs. Bo ies prkabres nþes, ies

rbvbinès sb rbnikzndno bo Duboes Nkrbs y iubhe bo Táe `b

Lnobkre, nuoqub pestbrkerabotb, bi prepke Wenrbs `bsnrreii÷ uo

indernterke y bi Oetkgkbre hno÷ tnote bo nhkik`n` geae bo

ngtunik`n`. Ver bse sb pub`b `bgkr qub @eakohe Wenrbs aeot÷

bi prkabr bstu`ke `b pregbsnakbote y aeotnlb `b antbrkni

cáiakge `bi pnás, y cub `b augjn utkik`n` pnrn ies gkobnstns aîs

l÷vbobs `b in ëpegn. Ies re`nlbs `b ies oetkgkbres sb rbnikznreo

jnstn >;:6.




7:

Cub ùrnotb in `ëgn`n `bi '26 gunoè in kociubogkn nrhbotkon sb

ngbotundn bo uo gkob gestuadrkstn geae brn bi oubstre. Ies

rbnikznèrbs `bi vbgkoe pnás `bsgudráno bsgbonrkespnrnhunyes y vboáno n dusgnr tbans y pnksnlbs ceigi÷rkges. @b

bstn anobrn, gndb abogkeonr<

’Ge`kgkn‑ (>;22-23)< prkabr inrheabtrnlb seoere ongkeoni,rbnikznè bo gepreùggk÷o geo Nrhbotkon, geo LngkoteJbrrbrn y Wnrktn Notüobz.

’ Bi truboe botrb ins jelns‑ (>;28)< geo huk÷o `bi bsgrkterNuhuste Ten Dnstes, edrn qub bs uo ckbi rbcible `bi bstkie`b bstn btnpn. Bstn cub in prkabrn pbiáguin `bi `üe Ksndbi

Wnrik-Nranoè De.

’ In snohrb y in sbakiin‑ (>;2:)< `b Nidbrte `bi Deks, geohuk÷o `b Anrke Jniiby Aern y geo in ngtungk÷o `b Eihn\udnrrk y Brobste Dîbz. In jksterkn `b bstn pbiáguintrnosgurrb ùrnotb in Hubrrn `b in Prkpib Niknozn.

’ Gjecbrbs `bi Gjnge‑ (>;36)< dnsnè bo bi ikdre "Jkle `bjeadrb" `b Nuhuste Ten Dnstes y geo huk÷o `b su nuterán.Tbintn in jksterkn `b ies gnakeobres pnrnhunyes qub`bdáno trnospertnr nhun n ins trepns bo bi Gjnge ùrnotb inhubrrn geotrn Deikvkn. Bo in edrn ngtüno Eihn \udnrrk,

Crnogksge Tndni, Lngkote Jbrrbrn, Brobste Dîbz, GnriesH÷abz y in `krbggk÷o bstî n gnrhe `b Iugns @banrks. Bstnpbiáguin geostktuy÷, sbhüo in grátkgn, uon `b ins aîsiehrn`ns rbnikzngkeobs `b in ëpegn, hnonoè uo prbake `biCbstkvni `b Wno Wbdnstkîo bo >;34. In ckiangk÷o sb rbnikz÷bo in gku`n` `b Wnotknhe `bi Bstbre, Nrhbotkon.

’ In durrbrktn `b [pngnrnk‑ (>;3>)< Vretnheokzn`n perNranoè De b Ksndbi Wnrik, geo aüskgn `b Iuks Nidbrte `biVnrnoî.

N pnrtkr `b ies trndnles bo bi pnás `b Nranoè De, Nidbrte

@udeks y Gntrnoe Gntrnok ùrnotb in `ëgn`n `bi 26, ouabreses

seo ies kotbotes `b kokgknr in cerangk÷o `b rbnikznèrbs




7;

pnrnhunyes. Crute `b bsn kokgkntkvn bs in cuo`ngk÷o, bo >;30

`bi hrupe "Gkob Nrtb Bxpbrkabotni", dnle bi ik`brnzhe `b Gnries

Wnhukbr. Kotbhrnreo bstb aevkakbote Peaîs Vninu, Lbsüs TukzObstesn y Noteoke Vbggk, botrb etres. In sbhuo`n pnrtb `b in

`ëgn`n `bi 36 cub uo pbrkeè `b augjn ngtkvk`n`, èo`b bi

hrupe rub`n uon hrno gnotk`n` `b gertes y ab`keabtrnlbs

gkobantehrîckges (>3 aa) botrb ies qub sb `bstngno<

’ In skiin‑ (sko anyer kocerangk÷o sedrb bstb trndnle).

’ Crnogksge‑ (>;32)< ab`keabtrnlb bo geier, `b 47 akoutes`b ùrngk÷o, qub sb dns÷ bo in vk`n `b uo gnokiiktn. Cub

ge`krkhkè per Gnries Wnhukbr y Lbsüs Tukz Obstesn.

’ Ro `án `b anye‑ (>;38)< re`nè bo in Gnsn `b inKo`bpbo`bogkn.

’ Þno`blnrn rbgevb pnln‑ (>;38)< sedrb ins ckbstnspepuinrbs `b Wbanon Wnotn bo in gku`n` `b Gnpkntî.

’In gestn‑ (>;38)< sedrb ins cnakikns rkdbrbþns ncbgtn`nsper ins pbrk÷`kgns grbgkbotbs `bi ráe Vnrnhuny bo inspbrkcbrkns `b Nsuogk÷o

’Abtnaercesks‑ (>;3:)< pnrtb bo dinoge y obhre y pnrtbbo geier, `b bstkie aîs dkbo vnohunr`kstn y bxpbrkabotni.

In grbngk÷o `bi @bpnrtnabote `b Gkbogkns `b in Geauokgngk÷o

`b in Rokvbrsk`n` Gnt÷ikgn `b Nsuogk÷o (>;33) n gnrhe `bi

lbsuktn Crnogksge @b Vnuin Eikvn, tnadkëo cub uo jbgje

kapertnotb bo bsn ëpegn per pestbrkerbs kogurskeobs `b sus

niuaoes bo bi gnape nu`kevksuni.

Bi levbo rbnikznèr crnogës @eakokqub @udeks tnadkëo jngb uo

pnr `b èguabotnibs per bsn ëpegn< ’Munrnjy ejbgjn‑ e ’Ie

qub vb bi sei‑ (>;3:), re`nè bo in gku`n` `b Wno Snibotáo, qub

rbtrntn bi `án `b trndnle `b uon cnakikn gnapbskon y ’Vnrn ies




06

qub vno n aerkr‑ (>;3;), iegnikzn`n bo bi Ibpresnrke `b Wnotn

Ksndbi, bo in gku`n` `b Wnpugnk.

Pe`ns bstns pbiáguins sb jkgkbreo bo cerante >3 aa y in

anyerán sb jno pbr`kè.

Bo >;3; surhb ’Bi Vubdie‑, `b Gnries Wnhukbr. Bstn pbiáguin

bstî geosk`brn`n geae in edrn aîs skhokckgntkvn `bi gkob

pnrnhunye. Tbckrkëoèsb n su nrhuabote ies kotbibgtunibs

sbþnindno qub brn ’uon jksterkn trnosktn`n per sbrbs sko

oeadrbs, vágtkans `bi anrtkrke y `bi eivkè"40.

Geo kociubogkn drnskibþn n rnáz `b in geostruggk÷o `b in rbprbsn

Ktnkpü, niuaoes `bi @bpnrtnabote `b Gkbogkns `b in

Geauokgngk÷o `b in RGN rbnikznreo ies gerteabtrnlbs bo

cerante süpbr : ’Gunoè pnsbs bi uadrni‑ (>;84) y ’Jesnoon

bo ins niturns‑ (>;84).

Jngkn >;82, Wnhukbr bapkbzn n ckianr tnadkëo uon sbrkb `b

èguabotnibs sedrb in rbprbsn `b Ktnkpü, teès bo cerante 72

aa.

Bo bsb aksae nþe sb cuo`n geo bi npeye `b in Erhnokzngk÷o

Gnt÷ikgn Kotbrongkeoni `b Gkob (EGKG) bi "Kostktute `b Gkob pnrn

in Kocnogkn y Luvbotu`", dnle in `krbggk÷o `bi pn`rb lbsuktn

Aeotbre Pkrnè. @kgje Kostktute kapibabot÷ ùrnotb

nprexkan`nabotb >6 nþes bi Vino @bok n trnvës `bi Gkob Giud

èo`b sb jno preùgkè bo süpbr : gbrgn `b 72 gertes y

ab`keabtrnlbs.

Bo >;82 Juhe Hnanrrn Btgjbvbrry qub kotbhrnrán iubhe bo ies

:6 in iinan`n hbobrngk÷o kotbrab`kn, kokgkn sus bstu`kes

40 Bakike Vërbz Gjîvbz (bsgrkter).




0>

uokvbrsktnrkes bo in Mbot Wtntb Rokvbrskty `b Ejke (BB.RR.)

èo`b edtkbob in Ikgbogknturn bo Cetepbrke`ksae `b in

Cnguitn` `b Vbrke`ksae bo >;8: y bstu`kn Gkob, Nrtb yIktbrnturn qub ie aetkvnreo n gursnr bo in Rokvbrsk`n` `b

Nustko bo Pbxns (BB.RR.) y rbgkdkrsb `b Anstbr bo Ckia-PS `b

in Wgjeei ec Geaauokgntkeos `b >;8: n >;:6. N pnrtkr `b njá

geotkounrî su bspbgknikzngk÷o geo sbakonrkes y tniibrbs

kotbrongkeonibs rbingkeonès ni gkob y bi vk`be.

Bs kapertnotb abogkeonr n Ded Gjust (Nèice Cëikx Gjust),

ongkè bo Geogbpgk÷o, Vnrnhuny y qukbo cubrn uo crugtácbre

`krbgter `b gkob bo bi Drnski. Tn`kgnè bo Tke `b Lnobkre `bs`b

>;78, veivk÷ ni Drnski `krbgtnabotb `b Jeiiywee`, èo`b

trndnl÷ bo in preùgtern Aeoehrna. Vkeobre bo bi îrbn `b in

pudikgk`n`, aeot÷ uon `b ins prkabrns nhbogkns `b bstb rnae

bo bi pnás. Vreùgter `b tbibvksk÷o, bo >;04 cera÷ in

preùgtern "Gkobx", èo`b rbnikz÷ su ckiab (bstuve n gnrhe `b

in `krbggk÷o, huk÷o b kotbrprbtngk÷o) "E drnskibkre Iene `b

Weuzn", `rnan reaîotkge notkonzkstn qub sb gbotrn bo uo

sei`nè drnskibre bo in Wbhuo`n Hubrrn Auo`kni. Etres ckiabs

cubreo "Leroni è Drnski", "Gbon Au`n", "Nounrke Gkoban bo

Giesb Rp" (>;83).

Bo >;88 bi `krbgter drnskibre Nidbrte Vbrnikgke ckian bo oubstre

pnás ’Bi nanotb `b ak aulbr‑, geo in ngtungk÷o `b in bstrbiin `b

gkob Krn Seo Custbadbrh.

Hukiibrae Sbrn ckian tnadkëo bo >;88, ’In veiuotn` `b uopubdie‑ luote geo In`ksine Heozîibz, èo`b sb aubstrn uo

gkbrte pnrnibiksae botrb bi hbobrni Dbronr`koe Gndniibre y bi

hbobrni Nicrbè Wtrebssobr. Bstndn jbgje bo 72 aa y tboán




04

uon ùrngk÷o `b 02 akoutes. Ro nþe `bspuës ckian Gbrre Gerî.

Nihuoes grátkges `bckobo bstn edrn geae "in prkabrn hrno

pbiáguin nrhuabotni pnrnhunyn". Bo bstn egnsk÷o, bxkstk÷ uonk`botkckgngk÷o botrb Wtrebssobr y bi Anrksgni I÷pbz. Cub jbgjn

n geierbs bo 72 aa.

Bo >;8; Nidbrte Inrbs ckian ’G÷ae sb geostruyb uon Ongk÷o‑,

èguabotni qub tboán geae edlbtkve aestrnr in koùstrkn y bi

geabrgke `bi Vnrnhuny. Bo in nskstbogkn `b `krbggk÷o `b `kgjn

edrn sb bogeotrndn Tny Nrabib qub geotkou÷ jngkboè gertes

pudikgktnrkes bo gkob.

Bo >;8; sb cuo`n bi Pniibr Rokvbrsktnrke `b Gkob, erhnokznè

per ies prepkes niuaoes `b Gkbogkns `b in Geauokgngk÷o `b in

Cnguitn` `b Ckiesecán `b in Rokvbrsk`n` Gnt÷ikgn "Oubstrn

Wbþern `b in Nsuogk÷o", bxpbrkbogkn qub ùrn jnstn >;:7.

Geae rbsuitnè `b uo geogurse prepkgknè per bi

@bpnrtnabote `b Geauokgngk÷o `b in Rokvbrsk`n` Gnt÷ikgn `b

Nsuogk÷o surhb ’Bi dbse‑ (>;8;-:6) `b Dbntrkz Veapn. Ron

pbiáguin `b ckggk÷o sedrb in ibybo`n `bi Lnsy Lntbrë, nokani-

jeadrb `b erkhbo aktei÷hkge qub sb ckia÷ bo cerante süpbr : y

uon ùrngk÷o `b 46 akoutes. Cub ckianè bo notkhuns gnseons

`b in gku`n` `b Nrbhun y bi nrhuabote sb dnsndn bo in jksterkn

`b uon okþn qub sb qub`÷ au`n per bi dbse `bi Lnsy Lntbrë.

Bo bi nobxe sb kogiuyb uo ikstnè `b pbiáguins `b ckggk÷o `b

preùggk÷o ongkeoni, gepreùggk÷o geo etres pnásbs e dkbo qub

bo sus grë`ktes e nrhuabotes bxkstbo geapeobotbs qub

hunr`no nihuon rbingk÷o geo bi Vnrnhuny nuoqub bs uon pbon

oe geotnr geo ins ckiaehrncáns geapibtns `b Gnries H÷abz,

Brobste Dîbz y Lngkote Jbrrbrn.




07

4. KOWPKPRGKEOBW @B BOWBÞNO\N @B GKOB [

GEAROKGNGK×O NR@KESKWRNI

KOWPKPRPE @B GKOB VNTN IN KOCNOGKN [ LRSBOPR@ (K.G.K.L.).

’Bi 44 `b egtudrb `b >;82 sb cuo`÷ bo Nsuogk÷o bi Kostktute `b

Gkob pnrn in Kocnogkn y Luvbotu` (K.G.K.L.), prkabrn erhnokzngk÷o

`bi Gbotre Vn`rb Tequb Heozîibz, `bpbo`kbotb `bi Geibhke

Grkste Tby‑ 42 . Bi K.G.K.L. sb cuo`n geo bi npeye `b in

Erhnokzngk÷o Gnt÷ikgn Kotbrongkeoni `b Gkob (E.G.K.G.), dnle in

`krbggk÷o `bi pn`rb lbsuktn Aeotbre Pkrnè. @kgje Kostktutekapibabot÷ ùrnotb nprexkan`nabotb >6 nþes bi Vino @bok

(Vino `b Bùgngk÷o Gkobantehrîckgn pnrn Okþes) n trnvës `bi

Gkob Giud `bi Geibhke Grkste Tby, Pëgokge Lnvkbr, Dnrrke

Onznrbtj y Geibhke `b ins Jbranons Nzuibs `b Nsuogk÷o.

@b ngubrè geo bi ikdre `b geosuitn sedrb bi Kostktute `b Gkob

pnrn in Kocnogkn y Luvbotu` (K.G.K.L.) Bi gkob sko sbgrbtes,

’Nihuons `b ins rnzeobs qub aetkvnreo in grbngk÷o `b bstbkostktute cubreo in bsgnsbz `b bspbgknikstns `b`kgnès n

bxpikgnr ies skhokckgnès `b ins kaîhbobs, in gnrbogkn `b grátkgn

püdikgn y `b kocerangk÷o erkbotnèrn notb bi gnadke geostnotb

`b ins pnotniins bo oubstre pnás‑43.

’Bi Kostktute `b Gkob pnrn in Kocnogkn y Luvbotu` (K.G.K.L.) sb

kospkr÷ bo ins `krbgtrkgbs `bi Geogkike Sntkgnoe KK bo su `bgrbte

Kotbr Akrkckgn, y aîs geogrbtnabotb bo in kostruggk÷o `b in

Geaksk÷o Veotkckgkn Geaauoke bt Vrehrbsske, sedrb ies ab`kes

`b geauokgngk÷o segkni‑ geotkoün nckranoè bi ikdre gktnè.

42 WÎB\, Lesë Iuks, WL. Gkob sko sbgrbtes. GBOGEGBV. Wnotknhe `b Gjkib, Anrze`b >;:3. Vîh. :4/:7.43 Kdk`.




00

Bi ikdre `b geosuitn npuotn qub ’Bi kostktute nspkr÷ n geosbhukr

okvbibs `b kovbstkhngk÷o bo bi gnape `bi gkob geae ab`ke `b

geauokgngk÷o, nsá geae bo in pbrgbpgk÷o y in preùggk÷o,tbokboè bo gubotn ins bxtrner`konrkns peskdkik`n`bs `bi gkob

pnrn in bùgngk÷o y in gkbogkn. Prndnl÷ bo in bùgngk÷o

gkobantehrîckgn, bspbgkniabotb `b okþes y l÷vbobs, nuoqub

tnadkëo sb prepuse erhnokznr sbrvkgkes bo bstn îrbn pnrn

nùites. Kogiuy÷ gurses `b kokgkngk÷o n in kanhbo ckln y a÷vki,

gnpngktnoè n ies niuaoes pnrn pe`br botbo`brin, vniernrin y

usnrin geae ab`ke `b geauokgngk÷o‑.

Bo sáotbsks, ’Vrbst÷ sbrvkgkes `b kocerangk÷o y erkbotngk÷o

sedrb ies `kvbrses gnapes `bi gkob, cngkiktnoè bibabotes pnrn

in guiturn gkobantehrîckgn `b ies nckgkeonès y ceabotnoè in

nckgk÷o grbntkvn `bs`b in kocnogkn‑.

GKOB GIRD KOCNOPKI

Bi Vn`rb Lbsüs Aeotbre Pkrnè WL., `krbgter `bi Kostktute

rbabaern `bi Gkob Giud Kocnotki qub ’Bo bsn ëpegn bi auoè`b in kanhbo, ngî bo Vnrnhuny, oe bstndn tno `bsnrreiinè.

Jey ies okþes tkbobo nggbse n in kanhbo bo ceran augje aîs

pepuinrkzn`n, perqub in tbibvksk÷o bstî iibhnoè n augjes aîs

jehnrbs qub ies qub per boteogbs iibhndn. Nsá bs geae bxkstán,

pnrn peges jehnrbs, seinabotb Gnoni ; bo dinoge y obhre.

Njern sb bxtbo`k÷, geae bs sndkè per teès. Bi edlbtkve `bi

Gkob Giud brn kotreùgkr ni okþe bo ies ibohunlbs `b in kanhbo,

geo uon gnpngktngk÷o grátkgn y grbntkvn, `b tni anobrn qub biiesoe s÷ie supkbrno ibbr in kanhbo, kotbrprbtnr, pe`br `bsgkcrnr bo

bses g÷`khes qub geapeobo ie nu`kevksuni, èo`b in kanhbo

supeob uo sustrnte cuo`nabotni, skoe qub biies cubrno gnpngbs




02

`b iibhnr n bsb sbotkè grátkge prbgksnabotb perqub brno

gnpngbs `b preùgkr. [ bo bsn `krbggk÷o sb ibs bosbþndn n

biies n pnrtkgkpnr ngtkvnabotb preùgkboè y jngkboèpbiáguins.‑ 48

Ins ngtkvk`n`bs sb rbnikzndno ies sîdnès per in anþnon,

ùrnotb jern y ab`kn, n vbgbs geo bxgurskeobs ni gnape. Wb

bogeabo`ndno tnadkëo trndnles pnrn jngbr bo in gnsn. Ni ckoni

`bi gurse jndán uon botrbhn ckoni prbpnrn`n y rbnikzn`n bo

hrupes, geo uon bxjkdkgk÷o bi üitkae `án `bi gurse, notb ies

pn`rbs `b cnakikn nskstbotbs.

Bi pregbse iibvndn cuo`nabotniabotb trbs nþes. In

abteèiehán utkikzn`n geoskstán bo< >¶) preybggk÷o `b uo

gerteabtrnlb= 4¶) blbrgkgkes `b bxprbsk÷o grbntkvn -`kdule,

cetehrncán, ckiangk÷o- geo geabotnrkes y noîiksks `b ies

niuaoes= y 7¶) bxpeskgk÷o y nskakingk÷o `b uo tban `bi

ibohunlb `bi gkob.

Bo bi prkabr nþe sb anoblndn in kanhbo ckln b kanhbo pkotn`n.

Wb bapbzndn per kaîhbobs bo pnpbi hrno`b, auy hrno`b y sb

tbrakondn bo 72 aa pnrn edikhnr ni okþe n `kstkohukr ie qub bs

prbgksnabotb bi angre n ie akgre y edikhnrib n in pbrgbpgk÷o `b

ies bibabotes bsbogknibs `b uon geauokgngk÷o kg÷okgn.

Wkauitîobnabotb sb iibvndn bi pregbse `b trndnlnr pbrseoni b

ko`kvkùniabotb ni trndnle hrupni, `b anobrn qub in preùggk÷o

tbrakonrn skboè `b hrupes. [ pnsnr `b in kanhbo ckln n in

kanhbo onrrn`n, bs `bgkr, n in onrrngk÷o per kanhbo, jngkboèsbgubogkns `b kaîhbobs. Bs nsá geae ies okþes tbrakondno bi

prkabr nþe onrrnoè uo gubote `b su prepkn grbngk÷o, teès

48 Botrbvkstn ni pn`rb Lbsüs Aeotbre Pkrnè WL., rbnikzn`n bi 4; `b luoke `bi 4666.




03

geo `kdules, kaîhbobs bqukvnibotbs n ins `knpesktkvns `b

72aa pbre pkotn`ns y preybgtndibs `b anobrn qub sb pe`án

vbr bo pnotniin ie qub biies jndáno grbnè.

Bo bi sbhuoè nþe sb ibs bosbþndn n cetehrncknr y su trndnle

tbrakondn skboè preùgkè bo `knpesktkvns `b trnospnrbogkns

tnadkëo bo ceran onrrntkvn. Biies tbrakondno jngkboè uo

rbpertnlb `b preybggk÷o segkni y `b `bsgudrkakbote `b in

rbnik`n` geo ies eles `b in gîanrn. Wb ibs jngán vbr g÷ae in

gîanrn vb `b `kstkotn anobrn qub bi ele juanoe y qub tkbob

uons petbogknik`n`bs qub borkqubgbo in vksk÷o juanon. Biies

tboáno qub hbobrnr uo rbpertnlb, yn oe brn ckggk÷o geae bi nþe

notbrker èo`b geotndno nihe `b ie qub vbáno geo su prepkn

anobrn `b vbr, biies kotbrprbtndno, grktkgndno, prbsbotndno su

vksk÷o y su noîiksks.

[ bo bi tbrgbr nþe sb jngáno ckiangkeobs, qub boteogbs brno bo

süpbr : perqub brn n ie üokge qub sb tboán per rnzeobs

bgeo÷akgns, y per etrn pnrtb tboán pb`nh÷hkgnabotb uo vnier

auy kapertnotb. Bi : aa bs auy pbqubþe y bi trndnlnr, kogiuseaetrkzabotb geo bi aeotnlb süpbr :, ib edikhn ni okþe n uo

pregbse bùgntkve `b sus jndkik`n`bs geo uon rkqubzn

bxtrner`konrkn. Ies niuaoes jngáno uo huk÷o geapnrtkè bo

hrupes, y rbnikzndno uon pbiáguin `bi prepke huk÷o qub biies

jndáno bindernè. Bs `bgkr, trndnlndno `bs`b in kanhbo ckln,

sein, n in kanhbo `b onrrngk÷o, bo ckiangk÷o, `b süpbr :.

Wedrb bi rbsuitnè `bi gurse, bi ikdre Gkob sko sbgrbtes rbvbinqub ëstb geot÷ s÷ie geo ès `kckguitn`bs dkbo `bckok`ns< prkabre

bogeotrnr precbserbs geo sboskdkik`n`, bspárktu y gunik`n`bs




08

pnrn in vegngk÷o y sbhuoè, bi nite áo`kgb `b `bsbrgk÷o `b ies

niuaoes.

’Bo su kocerab notb bi KS Bogubotre Kotbrongkeoni, gbibdrnè

bo Ikan (Vbrü) `bi 8 ni >0 `b bobre `b >;:7, ies akbadres `bi

kostktute `bstngnreo qub bo >;8; seinabotb tboáno ès Gkobs

Giud Kocnotkibs y qub bo >;:6 sb ndrk÷ uoe aîs bo bi dnrrke

Onznrbtj, `b Nsuogk÷o‑ 4:. Nskaksae, Luno Gnries Anobhikn4;

nginrn qub bo `kgje nþe geae geotkoungk÷o `bi kocnotki, sb

kokgk÷ bi Gkob Giud Luvboki `bi Grkste Tby geo uo bqukpe `b

vk`be Dbtnanx, geo ies l÷vbobs qub jndáno ngndnè ies trbs

gurses `bi prehrnan `b okþes. Vnrn bi :> sb ndrk÷ bi Gkob Giud

Luvboki `bi Geibhke Pëgokge Lnvkbr y bo >;:4 sb ndrk÷ etre

gbotre kocnotki bo bi Geibhke Koanguiëb `b ins Jbranons

Nzuibs, bo Nsuogk÷o.

Bi pn`rb Aeotbre Pkrnè rbcibxkeonoè sedrb in kociubogkn `bi

Gkob Giud bo ies niuaoes, nckran qub ’Bo hbobrni teès ies

okþes qub pnrtkgkpnreo bo bi Gkob Giud, qub njern yn bstîo bo

`kstkotes trndnles, jno kè rbgeoegkboè `bspuës qub cubskhokckgnotb pnrn su vk`n bi jndbr nprbo`kè n vbr, kotbrprbtnr y

bxprbsnrsb geo bi ibohunlb `b in kanhbo. Ibs `ke augjn

nuteoeaán, pbrseonik`n` y sbotkè grátkge, uon vksk÷o aîs

precuo`n `b in rbnik`n`, sb ngestuadrno n vbr `b etrn anobrn,

y bse bvk`botbabotb ibs jngb auy dkbo. Boteogbs ies crutes

jno skè augjns pbrseons geogrbtns, y gkte n Luno Gnries

Anobhikn perqub sb jn `bstngnè y sb jn `b`kgnè n bste.

Etres oe, etres bstîo bo etrns precbskeobs pbre së `b

precbskeonibs `b ab`kgkon, per blbapie, n ies gunibs ibs jn

4: WÎB\, Lesë Iuks, WL. Ep. gkt. Vîh. :2.4; Botrbvkstn n Luno Gnries Anobhikn rbnikzn`n bo luoke `bi 4666.




0:

skè auy kapertnotb teè bste‑. ’Wb oetndn in `kcbrbogkn bo ins

nuins `b ies gjkges qub nskstáno ni Gkob Giud, `b ies etres, per

su anyer grbntkvk`n`, `bsnrreiie `b in kanhkongk÷o, y sedrbteè bi botrbonakbote qub supeoán pe`br bxprbsnrsb `b

`kstkotns anobrns, perqub jndán bxprbsk÷o vbrdni, `b kanhbo,

geo seokè, bs `bgkr, anoblndno `kstkotes tkpes `b ibohunlbs y

bste ibs `ndn uon geapbtbogkn augje aîs rkgn pnrn in

geauokgngk÷o qub bi nuin trn`kgkeoni‑ gbrtkckgn bi pn`rb Lbsüs

Aeotbre Pkrnè bo in botrbvkstn rbnikzn`n bo luike `bi 4666.

BI VINO @B B@RGNGK×O GKOBANPEHTÎCKGN VNTN OKÞEW (VINO @BOK)

Lesë Iuks Wîbz, nuter `b Gkob sko sbgrbtes76 nckran qub ’Ron

`b ins ngtkvk`n`bs aîs kapertnotbs kapuisn`ns per bi Kostktute

`b Gkob pnrn in Kocnogkn y Luvbotu` cub bi Vino @BOK,

blbgutnè `bs`b anrze `b >;88. Bi kostktute `bgk`k÷ in

kapibabotngk÷o `b bstb pino iubhe `b uon vksktn `b in `krbgtern

`bi Wbgrbtnrknè Intkoenabrkgnoe `b in Erhnokzngk÷o Gnt÷ikgn

Kotbrongkeoni `b Gkob (E.G.K.G.), Naërkgn Vbokgjbt, bo

sbtkbadrb `bi 83. Ies edlbtkves `b bstb pino cubreo "geindernr

geo ies okþes bo su cerangk÷o kotbhrni, npertnoè in rkqubzn

bùgntkvn y vktni `bi auoè `b in kanhbo, pnrn qub ies

bùgnoès pub`no `bsgudrkr in cubrzn bxprbskvn y

geauokgntkvn `b in kanhbo, pub`no botbo`br ie qub geo biin sb

ibs geauokgn bo bi auoè geapible `b jey, y pub`no usnrin

geae ibohunlb prepke. Ni aksae tkbape, bi hrupe sb

geapreabtb n preaevbr nsá in cerangk÷o gkobantehrîckgn,

nyu`noè n ies niuaoes n gnpngktnrsb grátkgn y grbntkvnabotb

76 WÎB\, Lesë Iuks, WL. Gkob sko sbgrbtes. Wnotknhe `b Gjkib, Gjkib. GBOGEGBV.Anrze b >;:3. Vîh. :7/:0.




0;

bo bi gkob geae ab`ke `b bxprbsk÷o y geauokgngk÷o", sbhüo

uoe `b sus èguabotes geostktutkves‑.

Bi bqukpe `bs`b su grbngk÷o anotuve sbskeobs sbanonibs `b

prbpnrngk÷o sedrb in bùgngk÷o `b in kanhbo y in kanhbo

gkobantehrîckgn bo geogrbte. @bi 7> `b bobre ni 8 `b cbdrbre

`bi 88 sb rbnikz÷ uo gurse sedrb Gkob y bùgngk÷o per in

kanhbo n gnrhe `b Anrknivn Aeotbkre `krbgtern `bi GKOB@RG

`b Drnski (bi jea÷iehe `bi Gkob Giud Kocnotki `b Vnrnhuny), geo

in geinderngk÷o `bi pn`rb Aeotbre Pkrnè qub sb `bsnrreii÷ bo

ies iegnibs `bi Kostktute, gudrkboè ins ginsbs `b gnsk oubvb

jerns `knrkns bo ès sbskeobs.

Bo cbdrbre `b >;8:, bo in sbhuo`n cnsb `bi Vino @BOK, Tkgnrè

Aern kapnrtk÷ uo gurse `b cetehrncán, tnadkëo geo in

geinderngk÷o `b Aeotbre Pkrnè. Ro nþe `bspuës, bo bobre `b

>;8;, sb rbnikz÷ bi tbrgbr gurse aeoehrîckge `b cerangk÷o `b

precbserbs sedrb rbnikzngk÷o `b uo ckiab `bi guni pnrtkgkpnreo

Anrán Skgterkn Jëksbgmb bo ins tëgokgns `b `kdule kocnotki, y

Anrgkni Tukz, bo in rbnikzngk÷o `b `kdules nokanès.

Bi bqukpe `bi Kostktute `b Gkob geotndn bo >;8; geo uo hrupe

`b qukogb precbserbs erkbotnèrbs dnle in `krbggk÷o `bi pn`rb

Lbsüs Aeotbre Pkrnè WL. Bi kostktute sb seivbot÷ sedrb in dnsb

`b ie rbgkdkè bo geogbpte `b antráguins y guetns `b ies

niuaoes-segkes y geo in geinderngk÷o `b nakhes qub cngkiktnreo

ies ab`kes obgbsnrkes pnrn su kapibabotngk÷o geae gîanrns,

ckianèrns, preybgterbs, pbiáguins, btg. Bi pino @BOK sbkapibabot÷ dnle in bstrugturn `bi Gkob Giud Kocnotki, y

pnrtkgkpnreo `b ëi ies giudbs `b ies geibhkes Grkste Tby y

Pëgokge Lnvkbr.




26

Nskaksae bo bi ikdre `b geosuitn geostn qub ’Bo >;:6

ckonikznreo bi prehrnan @BOK >>6 niuaoes= bo >;:>, >76= y bo

>;:4, 442. In `bsbrgk÷o qub sb geostnt÷ esgkin botrb bi 76 y 26per gkbote. Wb preùlbreo 44 pbiáguins gertns bo cerante süpbr

: geo seokè, 26 nu`kevksunibs `b ckggk÷o rbnikznès per ies

niuaoes `b ies prkabres gurses, y 4: rbpertnlbs bo

`knpesktkvns, rbnikznès per ies `bi sbhuoè gurse. Ies

èguabotnibs prkanreo bo ins edrns abogkeon`ns‑7>.

Bi pino @BOK sb kotbrruapk÷ perqub sb iehr÷ kotreùgkr `botre

`bi gurráguiua oerani in cerangk÷o bo Geauokgngk÷o Wegkni,

prkabre bo tniibrbs y njern kogiuse geae nskhonturn bo bi

tbrgbr gkgie `bi Geibhke Grkste Tby, rnz÷o per in guni tboán

aboes vkhbogkn.74

BI @BVNTPNABOPE @B GKBOGKNW @B IN GEAROKGNGKEO @B IN

ROKSBTWK@N@ GNPEIKGN @B NWROGKEO

Bi lbsuktn Crnogksge @b Vnuin Eikvn tuve n su gnrhe in grbngk÷o

`bi @bpnrtnabote `b Gkbogkns `b in Geauokgngk÷o `b inRokvbrsk`n` Gnt÷ikgn Oubstrn Wbþern `b in Nsuogk÷o bo >;33.

Bstb cub uo jbgje kapertnotb bo bsn ëpegn per ins pestbrkerbs

kogurskeobs `b sus niuaoes bo bi gnape nu`kevksuni. Bi

rbnikznèr Anoubi Gubogn (bhrbsnè `b bsn kostktugk÷o)

rbabaern sedrb bi `bsnrreiie bo bi gnape nu`kevksuni `b bstb

kapertnotb `bpnrtnabote uokvbrsktnrke.

’Ies bqukpes geo ies qub sb trndnlndn bo in Rokvbrsk`n`

Gnt÷ikgn brno teès `b cerante süpbr : y prbstnès. In gîanrn

`b >3 aa qub sb us÷ `botre `b in ginsb Pëgokgn y Bstëtkgn `bi

7> WÎB\, Lesë Iuks, WL. Ep. gkt.. Vîh. :8.74 Botrbvkstn ni pn`rb Lbsüs Aeotbre Pkrnè rbnikzn`n bi 4; `b luoke `bi 4666.




2>

Gkob y Vrîgtkgn `b Gkob `bi pn`rb Aeotbre Pkrnè, brn `bi

ieguter Skgbotb Anrsni, qub tnadkëo ckiandn b jkze geabrgknibs

pnrn tbibvksk÷o bo ies prkabres tkbapes `b in PS. InRokvbrsk`n` geotndn geo bqukpes Weoy `b vk`bes bo reiies `b

ab`kn puihn`n, cerante qub yn oe bxkstb bo bi auoè,

vbo`ráno n sbr ie qub njern seo ies Dbtnanx pbre bo

gnssbttb‑.77

Bo botrbvkstn geo bi geauokgnèr Anoubi Gubogn, bo ndrki `b

4666, rbintn sedrb bsns ginsbs qub ib ceranreo bo su eckgke,

’In bxpbrkbogkn geo bi pn`rb Lbsüs Aeotbre Pkrnè cub

cuo`nabotni pnrn aá perqub brn uon antbrkn auy

abt÷`kgnabotb `bsnrreiin`n, qub bo uo sbabstrb sb iinandn

Pëgokgn y Bstëtkgn `bi Gkob, bo bi guni sb vbáno `kstkotes

nspbgtes `bi ibohunlb gkobantehrîckge geae per blbapie bi

use `b pinoes y bo bi skhukbotb sbabstrb sb `bsnrreiindn in

sbhuo`n pnrtb Vrîgtkgn `b Gkob qub geoskstán bo in prîgtkgn

geo bqukpes. Brn auy kotbrbsnotb perqub sb rbgkdáno ins

prepubstns `b huk÷o sedrb uo gubote `b Anrke Jniiby Aern `b

pnrtb `b teès ies niuaoes qub qubráno pnrtkgkpnr, sb bibhán bi

abler, y sedrb bse etre niuaoe veiván n trndnlnr. Jndán uo

bqukpe `b rbnikzngk÷o y etre `b preùggk÷o. Kogiuskvb jngkn bi

83, rbgubrè qub sb geostruy÷ uo rnogje bo bi Geibhke Pëgokge

Lnvkbr, qub bo nqubiin ëpegn qub`ndn bo uo sudurdke, bo

ab`ke `bi aeotb, y qub iubhe sb kogbo`k÷ pnrn uoe `b ies

trndnles‑.

Gubogn geabot÷ qub sb ckiandn bo dinoge y obhre geo ès

gîanrns, geae ès vbrskeobs, nsá jndán peskdkik`n`bs `b qub

aîs niuaoes jkgkbrno gîanrns. In `b : aa oe sb sndb sk sb

77 Botrbvkstn Anoubi Gubogn, rbnikzn`n bi >> `b ndrki `b 4666.




24

rbvbi÷ nihuon vbz, y in `b >3 aa oe jndán `kobre bo bsb

boteogbs pnrn bi rbvbinè y sb hunr`÷ bo uon jbin`brn, ni

tbrakonr bi sbabstrb in hrndngk÷o qub`÷ eivk`n`n.

Bo >;8; sb cuo`n bi Pniibr Rokvbrsktnrke `b Gkob (PRG),

erhnokznè per ies prepkes niuaoes `b Gkbogkns `b in

Geauokgngk÷o `b in Cnguitn` `b Ckiesecán `b in Rokvbrsk`n`

Gnt÷ikgn `b Nsuogk÷o, bxpbrkbogkn qub ùr÷ jnstn >;:7. Bi

tniibr surhk÷ geae geosbgubogkn `b ies trndnles rbnikznès geo

bi pn`rb lbsuktn Aeotbre Pkrnè bo ins ginsbs `b Pëgokgn y

Bstëtkgn `bi Gkob y Vrîgtkgn `b Gkob `b ins gunibs pnrtkgkpnreo

botrb etres Dbntrkz Veapn, Iuks Rhjbiik y Esgnr Perrbots qub

jkgkbreo vnrkes trndnles kotbrbsnotbs bo cerante süpbr : yn

gktnès geo notbrkerk`n` bo bstb gnpátuie.

AKWKEO @B NAKWPN@

Bo in aksan botrbvkstn, Anoubi Gubogn `bsgrkdb bi trndnle

rbnikznè bo Aksk÷o `b Nakstn`. ’Bi tbntre `b tátbrbs `b in

Aksk÷o `b in Nakstn` sb grb÷ bo bi >;32. Cub grbnè per uoantrkaeoke `b akskeobres `b in Khibskn @ksgápuies `b Grkste

qub trndnlndn bo bi îrbn `bi trndnle segkni. Ëi bs nabrkgnoe y

biin uruhunyn jkln `b sukzes. Ies ès tkbobo uo anstbrnè bo

segkeiehán (uoe bo segkeiehán y bi etre bo trndnle segkni),

vkokbreo n Nsuogk÷o n trndnlnr bo Aksk÷o `b Nakstn`, qub bo

nqubiin ëpegn tboán te`n ginsb `b gurses y tniibrbs geae ies `b

k`keans, `b pkoturn, `b tátbrbs, `bpertbs, btg. kogiuskvb Eihn

Diko`br `kgtndn ginsbs niiá. Bo bsb geotbxte cub qub sb cera÷ biPbntre `b Pátbrbs qub rbuok÷ n l÷vbobs `bi dnrrke, in Khibskn, bi

Geibhke Kotbrongkeoni -qub tnadkëo pbrtbobgb n in aksan

Khibskn- geovkrtkëoèsb nsá bo uon bxpbrkbogkn kotbrbsnotb. Oe




27

seinabotb bo ie nrtástkge skoe tnadkëo `bs`b bi puote `b vkstn

`bi rbsgntb `b in hbotb qub n ie abler ouogn sb judkbsb

`b`kgnè ni gnape nu`kevksuni sk oe cubsb per bi Pbntre `bPátbrbs. Geo bsb tbntre, augjn hbotb puè `bsgudrkr sus

tnibotes, `nrsb gubotn qub pe`án jngbr etrns gesns n trnvës `b

su trndnle‑.

Gubogn sbþnin qub ’In Aksk÷o `b Nakstn` tboán bqukpes `b

vk`be R-Antkg qub oe vkokbreo geapibtes. Brno pnrn jngbr

nihuons gesns bo tbibvksk÷o bo vkve y hrndn`ns, pbre geae sb

bognrh÷ ani, oe iibhnreo dkbo y ouogn pu`kbreo usnr pnrn

tbibvksk÷o ndkbrtn pbre sá pnrn jngbr gesns kotbrons bo in

Aksk÷o‑ 70.

Vnrn Anoubi, jny ès bibabotes kotbrbsnotbs qub `bstngnr

sedrb in Aksk÷o `b Nakstn`< prkabre qub Luno Gnries Anobhikn

bstuve uo tkbape bo bi tniibr geae niuaoe `b nihüo gurse, y

utkikz÷ auþbges, tátbrbs bo sus prkabres trndnles nu`kevksunibs.

[ sbhuoè, bo geosbgubogkn, bi tbntre `b tátbrbs nyu`÷ bo bi

nprbo`kznlb `bi rbinte, g÷ae bstrugturnr jksterkns, g÷ae utkikznrbspngkes, geierbs, btg. Cub uo tbntre `b tátbrbs geo augjn

gnik`n` y niiá cub èo`b sb bapbznreo n usnr ies bqukpes `b

vk`be `b Aksk÷o `b Akstn`.

Augjn hbotb qub `bspuës sb `b`kg÷ ni gnape pbrke`ástkge e

guiturni, pns÷ per Aksk÷o `b Nakstn`, tni bs bi gnse `b Anoubi

Gubogn, No`rës Gndniibre y `b nihuoes gnanr÷hrnces y

nskstbotbs qub iubhe trndnlnreo bo ies gnonibs ndkbrtes.

’Pboáno uo sbgter nu`kevksuni èo`b jndán pbiáguins qub sb

usndno pnrn `kstkotes tbans. Bo ies prkabres tkbapes sb

70 Botrbvkstn Anoubi Gubogn, rbnikzn`n bi >> `b ndrki `b 4666.




20

geinder÷ pnrn uo prehrnan bùgntkve `b tbibvksk÷o sedrb

snobnakbote, èo`b sb usnreo pbiáguins `b niiá. Jndán

pbiáguins bo >3 aa `b ies nþes 26 ckian`ns per ies akskeobresqub oe sb sndbo `÷o`b bstîo, ok quë jndrî pnsnè `b biins‑

npuotn bi rbnikznèr.

Ie qub sb pub`b rbsgntnr `b Aksk÷o `b Nakstn` bs bi geotngte

qub jndán geo ie vksuni y nu`kevksuni, nihe auy kotbrbsnotb

pnrn in ëpegn perqub `bspbrtndn koqukbtu`bs y `bsgudrán

gnakoes nitbrontkves n ies trn`kgkeonibs. Bi tbntre `b Pátbrbs

tbrako÷ (sbhüo Anoubi Gubogn) perqub Aksk÷o `b Nakstn`

`bgk`k÷ gnadknr `b rudre `b ngtkvk`n`bs.

7. IN PBIBSKWKEO BO VNTNHRN[

WRW KOKGKEW

Wedrb ies kokgkes `b in tbibvksk÷o pnrnhunyn sb utkikz÷ in

rbcbrbogkn qub jngb sedrb bi tban, in abaerkn `b ikgbogknturn

`b Hki`n Okgern y Vndie Hubrrbre72.

In tbibvksk÷o npnrbgk÷ bo Vnrnhuny per prkabrn vbz bi 4; `b

sbptkbadrb `b >;32, gunoè sb trnosaktkbreo ins prkabrns

kaîhbobs n trnvës `b Gnoni ;. Bi prkabr prehrnan trnosaktkè

cub in prepkn gbrbaeokn `b konuhurngk÷o `bi gnoni, qub tboán

su bstu`ke bo bi pkse : `bi b`kckgke `bi Kostktute `b Vrbvksk÷o

Wegkni (KVW), sktunè bo Geostktugk÷o y Iuks Nidbrte `b Jbrrbrn,

`b oubstrn gnpktni. Ins prkabrns sbþnibs `b tbibvksk÷o iibhnreo

n 72.666 jehnrbs qub geotndno geo sbrvkgke biëgtrkge

72 OKGETN, Hki`n y Hubrrbre, Vndie. Kociubogkn b ies gertes pudikgktnrkes bo okþes

`b 8 n : nþes. Bstu`ke `b gnape `b ès hrupes segkebgeo÷akgnabotb `kcbrbotbs

`b Nsuogk÷o. Abaerkn `b Ikgbogknturn. R. G. Nsuogk÷o >;;3. Vîhs. >0/46.




22

seinabotb bo Nsuogk÷o, pubste qub bo nqubiin ëpegn oe

bxkstáno `ntes `b etrns gku`n`bs vbgkons n in gnpktni geae

Cbronoè `b in Aern, Wno Ierboze y aîs rbtkrn`ns geae WnoDbronr`koe y Gnngupë.

Roe `b ies notbgb`botbs qub erkhkonreo ni prkabr gnoni cub in

grbngk÷o `b uo gkrgukte gbrrnè `b PS bo bi nþe >;2; pnrn

sbhurk`n` `b `kvbrses obhegkes `b in gniib Vnian= skboè bstb

skstban kapinotnè bo oubstre pnás per uon baprbsn nrhbotkon

y in pnrnhunyn Nrtnzn Jbranoes W.N. y etre, in npnrkgk÷o `b

uon uok`n` a÷vki bo in gnpktni, bo bi nþe >;36, pbrtbobgkbotb n

in Tb` E Hiede `bi Drnski, qub rbnikz÷ uo prehrnan guiturni

sedrb bi Vnrnhuny. Bo bsn ëpegn, ies gnakoes tbrrbstrbs n

Gku`n` `bi Bstb (`bpnrtnabote `b Nite Vnrnoî) cubreo

rbgkbotbabotb jndkiktnès.

Bstns ngtkvk`n`bs nibotnreo n uo hrupe `b baprbsnrkes

pnrnhunyes, qub ceranreo bo bi nþe >;30 in baprbsn `b

tbibvksk÷o Gbrre Gerî W.N.. Botrb ies baprbsnrkes sb

bogeotrndno bi @r. Gnries Aeráokhe @bihnè, @r. EsgnrGndbiie, @r. Jbra÷hbobs Heozîibz Anyn, Hrbherke Wbrnckok,

Nicrbè Geostnoze, Tnaárbz Hekdurü, Lerhb Dnrgjkok, Nohbi

Vbrnitn Nrbiinoe. Bstb hrupe tuve bxpbrkbogkn geo sbrvkgkes `b

gkrgukte gbrrnè `b tbibvksk÷o bo bi ABDN `b Duboes Nkrbs y bi

BTN `bi Drnski. Wb geabot÷ qub botrb ies prepkbtnrkes `bi

gnoni sb bogeotrndn in cnakikn `bi boteogbs prbsk`botb Hrni.

Nicrbè Wtrebssobr.

Ies baprbsnrkes seikgktnreo n in NOPBIGE (Nàkokstrngk÷o

Ongkeoni `b Pbibgeauokgngkeobs) uon ikgbogkn pnrn epbrnr uo

sbrvkgke `b tbibvksk÷o bo Nsuogk÷o. Bi Hedkbroe ongkeoni, rbgkëo




23

`bspuës `b uo nþe, npred÷ in seikgktu` n trnvës `bi Geohrbse y

`b bstn ceran cub eterhn`n in prkabrn ikgbogkn bo bstb gnape

bo bi pnás, qub cub bi Gnoni ;. In ikgbogkn geogb`k`n pnrn inrn`ke`kcusk÷o tbibvkskvn bs uon geadkongk÷o botrb ins

`bstkon`ns n napiktu` aeùin`n y crbgubogkn aeùin`n (ëstn

bs in qub pbraktb bsgugjnr bo ies trnosakserbs `b rn`ke bi

nu`ke `b uo `btbrakonè prehrnan tbibvkskve).

In baprbsn bstuve gnsk uo nþe kotbotnoè obhegknr grë`ktes

pnrn pe`br bstndibgbrsb y geaboznr n epbrnr bi sbrvkgke `b

tbibvksk÷o, yn qub ies gestes `b kovbrskeobs, bqukpnakbote,

sbrvkgkes tëgokges, btg. brno auy bibvnès. In ckran jeino`bsn

Vjkiikps, qub tboán rbprbsbotngk÷o bo bi pnás `bs`b boteogbs,

eterh÷ bi grë`kte n ies baprbsnrkes pnrnhunyes, pbre

prbvknabotb bxkhk÷ y iehr÷ bi nvni `bi Bstnè pnrnhunye.

Ies bqukpes n`qukrkès geo bi grë`kte qub cngkikt÷ in Vjkiikps

brno trnosakserbs `b 266 wntts, ie qub trnùgkè bo notbon

`ndno 3.666 wntts `b petbogkn `b notbon. Bi nignogb `b in

sbþni iibhndn jnstn 76 mki÷abtres geo bcbgtkvk`n` y jnstn 26mki÷abtres bo geo`kgkeobs ÷ptkans, `bpbo`kboè `bi gikan.

Bi Gnoni ; prîgtkgnabotb oe tboán terrb `b notbon. Wb utkikz÷ uo

aîstki `b uoes : abtres qub bstndn udkgnè sedrb bi b`kckgke

`bi KVW `b oubstrn gnpktni. Wb aeot÷ uo akok bstu`ke

geapubste per uo skstban `b tbibgkob, geo uo tnader

preybgter `b `knpesktkvns `b 72 akiáabtres, preybgterbs `b

pbiáguins `b >3 akiáabtres e vk`be ckiabs. Nsá geaboz÷ nepbrnr bi oubve gnoni `b tbibvksk÷o geo prehrnangk÷o,

obtnabotb bxtrnolbrn, y nihuoes kocerantkves auy

ru`kabotnrkes, qub sb bovkndno ni nkrb teès ies `áns, geo




28

antbrknibs ckianès bo pbiáguins `b >3 akiáabtres rbvbrskdibs,

yn qub oe bxkstáno indernterkes gnpngbs `b rbvbinr obhntkves.

In utkikzngk÷o `bi tbibgkob peskdkikt÷ in bxjkdkgk÷o `b ies

prkabres `kdules nokanès bo Vnrnhuny, yn qub bsb tkpe `b

prehrnans vboáno bo >3 akiáabtres. @b bstn ceran, sb

pu`kbreo bxjkdkr Tndnoktes (jksterkbtn geoegk`n bo oubstre pnás

geae Woeepy), ies Lbtseos, ins sbrkbs `b Jnoon Dnrdbrn geae

ies Vkgnpkb`rns y ins `b Xnit @ksoby, bspbgkniabotb Vnte

@eoni` y Akgmby.

Botrb ies prehrnans bxtrnolbres (oe `kdules nokanès) qub sbbaktáno bstndno ins sbrkbs< "Tutn 33", "Deonozn", "@r. Mkii`br",

"Insskb" y bi anyer ëxkte `b in ëpegn "Bi cuhktkve". Nihuoes

prehrnans ongkeonibs qub sb pub`bo `bstngnr `bs`b ies

kokgkes `bi Gnoni ; seo< "Ron oegjb bo cnakikn" geo Abrgb`bs

Lnoë, qub sb baktán teès ies `áns= "Vnotniin @bpertkvn" geo

Lnkab Nr`ktk= uo oetkgkbre geoùgkè per Obiseo Hnrgán

Tnaárbz y bi prehrnan kocnotki "Pbib ; Giud", geo B`ktj Skgterkn

Tukz @ánz, aîs tnr`b gnadk÷ `b oeadrb per bi `b "Pbib TGiud".

Bi Hedkbroe ongkeoni geotrkduy÷ bo >;32 n in `kcusk÷o `b in PS

geo in kapertngk÷o ikdrb `b 8.266 rbgbpterbs y ckl÷ uo gnoeo `b

>66 `÷inrbs nabrkgnoes per gn`n npnrnte. Bi kohrbse edtbokè

`b bstn obhegkngk÷o geotrkduy÷ n in kostningk÷o `b in pinotn

tbibvksern, geabot÷ Lerhb Aeráokhe, prbsk`botb `bi `krbgterke

`b Gnoni ;. Ngtuniabotb bxkstbo :66.666 rbgbpterbs kostninèsbo teè bi tbrrkterke ongkeoni (kogiuyboè vkvkbo`ns, jetbibs,

jespb`nlbs y etres iegnibs geabrgknibs). Bs `bgkr, qub jny bo

preab`ke uo tbibvkser per gn`n gkoge jndktnotbs bo Vnrnhuny,




2:

tbokboè bo gubotn qub in pedingk÷o `b oubstre pnás bs `b

0.>47.226 jndktnotbs, `b ngubrè n ies `ntes `b in @krbggk÷o

Ongkeoni `b Bstn`ástkgns, Bogubstns y Gboses >;;4,`bpbo`kbotb `b in Wbgrbtnrán Pëgokgn `b Vinokckgngk÷o.

Bi 4; `b sbptkbadrb `b >;32 sb kostninreo ies skstbans

bspbgknibs pnrn pe`br trnosaktkr ies kocerantkves n trnvës `b

ins gîanrns y `bs`b bi bstu`ke, nuoqub bi b`kckgke gëotrkge `bi

KVW oe geotndn geo bi bspngke e in kocrnbstrugturn obgbsnrkns.

Nsá cub geae bi pnskiie `b in tbrrnzn sb geovkrtk÷ bo bi bstu`ke,

èo`b uo rbpertbre trnosaktán geo uon a qukon `b bsgrkdkr ins

oetkgkns, skakinr n ie qub sb jngáno bo ins rn`kes. Bi prediban

geoskstán bo qub bo bsn ëpegn oe sb geotndno geo indernterkes

gkobantehrîckges geae pnrn pe`br pregbsnr oetkgkns ckian`ns.

Ins gîanrns utkikzn`ns brno ins iinan`ns Sk`kgeo, qub bo

Burepn ib `ndno uo use koùstrkni y precbskeoni, pbre oe pnrn

preùgkr prehrnans. Jnstn >;:> ins bakskeobs brno bo dinoge

y obhre, yn qub ins aîqukons bo geierbs prbsbotndno uo geste

nitáskae.

Bo Vnrnhuny, in bsgnsbz `b tëgokges epbrnèrbs, pbrke`kstns y

ieguterbs ceranès bspbgkniabotb pnrn in tbibvksk÷o edikh÷ n

ies `krbgtkves `bi oubve gnoni n rbgurrkr n in rn`ke y n ies

pbrk÷`kges pnrn kogerpernr bo bsn ëpegn n >6 l÷vbobs bo

`kcbrbotbs îrbns. Gkoge trndnlnreo geae epbrnèrbs, botrb

swktgjbr, abzginèr `b vk`be y abzginèr `b nu`ke, y ies gkoge

rbstnotbs sb `kstrkduybreo per turoe bo tbibgkob, epbrnoè iespreybgterbs `b `knpesktkvns y ins pbiáguins.

Ies `krbgtkves `bi Gnoni ; sb vkbreo tnadkëo bo in obgbsk`n`

`b geotrntnr pbrseoni gnikckgnè `bi bxtbrker. Cubreo




2;

geotrntnès gkoge tëgokges nrhbotkoes, `b ies gunibs guntre sb

qub`nreo n vkvkr bo bi pnás. Bstes precbskeonibs sb bognrhnreo

`b ceranr n ies l÷vbobs bapibnès geapntrketns. Ies oubvesprecbskeonibs pnrnhunyes cubreo dbgnès ni Drnski, Bstnès

Rokès `b Naërkgn y Burepn, ab`knotb ngubrès iehrnès geo

hedkbroes bxtrnolbres.

@bs`b in konuhurngk÷o `bi Gnoni ; jnstn anye `b >;33 ins

trnosakskeobs brno `b gkoge jerns `knrkns (`b >;<66 n 40<66).

In baprbsn prkvn`n oertbnabrkgnon Tn`ke Gerperntkeo

Nabrkgno (TGN) eterh÷ uo grë`kte `b 20.666 `÷inrbs

nabrkgnoes, geo bi guni sb n`qukrk÷ uo bqukpe `b vk`be tnpb `b

ès puihn`ns. @b njá bo aîs yn cub peskdib geaprnr `b in

Nrhbotkon antbrknibs geae tbiboevbins y sbrkbs, perqub

gekogk`áno geo ies aksaes bqukpnakbotes.

Bi Gnoni ; kdn grbgkboè gn`n vbz aîs per ie qub sb tuve qub

niqukinr ès `bpnrtnabotes `bi egtnve pkse `bi aksae b`kckgke

`bi KVW pnrn utkikznr geae bstu`ke. Bo bsb pkse sb hrndnreo ies

prkabres prehrnans aeotnès precbskeoniabotb, bstn vbz geoin kostningk÷o `b trbs gîanrns, uo skstban `b akgr÷ceoes deea

y etres akgr÷ceoes `b absn. Ies prehrnans kocerantkves sb

bxtbo`kbreo `b gkoge akoutes n ab`kn jern y geo in

kogerperngk÷o `b oubvns gîanrns `b gkob sb jkgkbreo ins

prkabrns gedbrturns pbrke`ástkgns ckian`ns.

Bo >;3;, bi Gnoni ; sb kostni÷ bo uo iegni prepke sktunè ni

gestnè `bi pnrqub Gnries Noteoke I÷pbz (dnrrke @r. Crnogkn `boubstrn gnpktni), èo`b cuogkeon jnstn jey. Wb geostruy÷ uon

terrb `b 466 abtres sedrb bi okvbi `bi tbrrboe y sb gnadk÷ bi

trnosakser per uoe `b anyer petbogkn. Bstes oubves




36

bqukpnakbotes nuabotnreo in petbogkn n 2 Mkiewntts, qub

trnùgkè bo notbon iibhndn n 36.666 wntts. Jny qub tbobr bo

gubotn qub bi gnoni geaboz÷ bo sbptkbadrb `b >;32 geonpbons 3.666 wntts. In n`qukskgk÷o `bi oubve bqukpe pbraktk÷

napiknr bi abrgnè `bi sbrvkgke `b tbibvksk÷o guyn gedbrturn

iibh÷ jnstn >26 mki÷abtres, geo uon petbogkn bcbgtkvn `b >66

mki÷abtres geo sbþnibs `b vk`be y nu`ke.

Bi rîpkè grbgkakbote tbgoei÷hkge `bi Gnoni ; sb vke ikaktnè

per bi sbrvkgke `b bobrhán biëgtrkgn suakokstrnè per in NO@B

(Nàkokstrngk÷o Ongkeoni `b Bibgtrkgk`n`). Gunoè bo >;32 in

tbibvksk÷o geaboz÷ su sbrvkgke bo Nsuogk÷o y nirb`bèrbs,

seinabotb 72.666 vkvkbo`ns `b `kgjn rbn geotndno geo

bobrhán biëgtrkgn, prevbokbotb `b in uskon gbotrni `bi dnrrke

Wnleokn. Ver boteogbs in rbprbsn jk`rebiëgtrkgn ongkeoni `b

Ngnrny nüo oe botr÷ bo epbrngk÷o y, per ie tnote, in

bibgtrkckgngk÷o bo bi kotbrker oe bxkstán.44

Vbsb n ins ikaktngkeobs `bi sbrvkgke biëgtrkge, iuhnrbs püdikges

`bi kotbrker `bi pnás geae jetbibs, dnrbs, rbstnurnotbs,pnrnèrbs, btg. geaboznreo n geaprnr tbibvkserbs y ies jngáno

cuogkeonr n dntbrán e aeter y pnrn pe`br gnptnr in sbþni

kostnindno notbons nërbns petbotbs.

Bo bi nþe >;84 sb napik÷ bi prb`ke `bi gnoni, jbgje qub

pbraktk÷ rbnikznr preùggk÷o `b prehrnans bo bstu`ke y

bxtbrkerbs. Nsá tnadkëo, in baksk÷o sb bxtbo`k÷ n >: jerns `b

prehrnangk÷o `knrkn.

Bi 0 `b anye `b >;8: -bo bi 40 nokvbrsnrke `b in `kgtnùrn

prbsk`bogkni `bi Hrni. Nicrbè Wtrebssobr- in NOPBIGE

konuhur÷ in bstngk÷o tbrrbon pnrn geauokgngk÷o ván sntëiktb,




3>

sktun`n bo Nrbhun, gku`n` udkgn`n n 74 mki÷abtres `b

Nsuogk÷o, `botre `bi `bpnrtnabote Gbotrni. @bs`b bsb nþe sb

geaboznreo n rbgkdkr sbþnibs sntbiktnibs `bi skstbanKOPBIWNP, ni guni bstî kogerpernè oubstre pnás.

Vnrn trnosaktkr bi uo`ëgkae gnapbeonte auo`kni `b cütdei qub

sb rbnikz÷ bo Nrhbotkon, bi Gnoni ; kogerper÷ uo oubve

trnosakser `b 76 Mkiewntts y geo gnpngk`n` pnrn trnosaktkr ins

40 jerns n geier bo ceran bxpbrkabotni. Bi auo`kni Nrhbotkon

8: yn sb pe`án vbr bo geierbs. Geo bstn kooevngk÷o, in

kocrnbstrugturn juanon y tëgokgn sucrk÷ uo kapertnotb

`bsnrreiie y bi geier iibh÷ `bckoktkvnabotb bo bi nþe >;:6,

ab`knotb in n`qukskgk÷o `b uo oubve trnosakser `b 76

Mkiewntts.

Bo teès bstes nþes, bi Gnoni ; iibv÷ n gnde augjes

baprbo`kakbotes geae in preùggk÷o `b prehrnans

pbrke`ástkges, auskgnibs, `bpertkves, gkbogkn, guiturn, y

tbibùgngk÷o, kotbotnoè supikr `b nihuon anobrn in cnitn `b uo

gnoni guiturni, qub jnstn jey oe sb geogrbt÷ bo bi pnás. Oecnitnreo ies prehrnans `b preaegk÷o b kogbotkve `bi use `b in

ibohun hunrnoá.

Bi oeadrb `b Wkstban Ongkeoni `b Pbibvksk÷o (WOP) surhk÷

perqub bs in prkabrn gn`bon `b tbibvksk÷o kotbhrn`n per bi

Gnoni ; `b Nsuogk÷o, Gnoni 8 `b Ktnpün y : `b Gku`n` `bi

Bstb. Bstb skstban nhrupn n tbib`kcuserns, pbre oe n etres

ab`kes `b geauokgngk÷o `b ansns. Oe edstnotb, baprbo`k÷preybgtes geauobs geo etres ab`kes `b kocerangk÷o

(rn`kebakserns y pbrk÷`kges) pnrn gudrkr bvbotes bspbgknibs.




34

7. IN @BGN@N @B IEW :6

>. GEOPBZPE WEGKE VEIKPKGE [ GRIPRTNI @BIVNTNHRN[ @B IEW :6

Vnrn tbobr uon k`bn `bi geotbxte bo qub surhk÷ y sb `bsnrreii÷

bi vk`be, sb prepergkeonrî n geotkoungk÷o uon pkogbin`n `b ies

jbgjes aîs rbsnitnotbs bo bi gnape peiátkge, bgeo÷akge y

guiturni qub `b nihuon anobrn pu`kbreo kociukr bo su

ongkakbote y prehrbse. Ins prkogkpnibs cubotbs `b kocerangk÷o

utkikzn`ns seo Tbnik`n` segkni `bi Vnrnhuny73

, Bs ak kocerab.

Ies nrgjkves `b in peikgán `b Wtrebssobr

78

y Nribquáo PbntreVrkabrn pnrtb `b uon jksterkn 7: n`baîs `b uo antbrkni

npertnè per in segk÷iehn Aki`n Tkvnrein.

N prkogkpkes `b ies :6 bi Vnrnhuny tuve uo nuhb bgeo÷akge

pegns vbgbs edsbrvnè bo etres tkbapes. Bsb tkbape bstuve

anrgnè per in geostruggk÷o `b in rbprbsn `b Ktnkpü, ies nites

prbgkes `bi nihe`÷o y in seln, bi grbgkakbote `bi trîckge `bi

geotrndnoè y ins kovbrskeobs püdikgns y prkvn`ns, cngterbs qub

anotuvkbreo bi tkpe `b gnadke `b in aeob`n ongkeoni, bi

grbgkakbote `bi preùgte drute kotbroe, bi vnier `b ies sninrkes y

in rbnikzngk÷o `b geostruggkeobs.

Bi hedkbroe `b Nicrbè Wtrebssobr sb geoseik`ndn segkni,

peiátkgn y bgeo÷akgnabotb hrngkns n bstb nuhb `b `kobre.

Lustnabotb, bi grbgkakbote `b ins geostruggkeobs bo oubstre

73 GNDNIIBTE, Lnvkbr y Tedbrte Gëspb`bs (geap.). Tbnik`n` segkni bi Vnrnhuny.Gbotre `b Bstu`kes Notrepei÷hkges `b in Rokvbrsk`n` Gnt÷ikgn "Oubstrn Wbþern `b inNsuogk÷o" y GK@WBV. Nsuogk÷o, Vnrnhuny. @kgkbadrb `b >;;:. :74 p.78 DEGGKN, Nicrbè, Anrán Nohëikgn Heozîibz y Tesn Vninu. Bs ak kocerab< Ies

nrgjkves b in peikgán b Wtrebssobr . Gunrtn b`kgk÷o. G@B. Nsuogk÷o, Vnrnhuny.Egtudrb `b >;;0. 026 p.7: NT@KWWEOB, Lesë Iuks. Nribquáo Pbntre. Vrkabrn pnrtb `b uon jksterkn. NrnoùrnB`kterkni. Cuo`ngk÷o Nribquáo Pbntre. Nsuogk÷o, sbptkbadrb >;;:. Vîh. 7>.




37

pnás y in grksks qub sb preybgtndn jngkn bi ab`ke rurni -hrngkns

n in anin `kstrkdugk÷o `b ins tkbrrns- ngbibrnreo bi pregbse

akhrnterke `bi gnape n in gku`n`. Bo bstn üitkan `ëgn`n `biinrhe tbrgke `b skhie streokstn, in ngtkvk`n` guiturni pnrnhunyn

geotkou÷ `bsnrreiiîoèsb bo ceran ko`bpbo`kbotb `b guniqukbr

kokgkntkvn bstntni.

@n`n bstn sktungk÷o, bo ies kokgkes `b in `ëgn`n `bi :6, sb

preùle bo oubstre pnás uo bstnognakbote preùgtkve, ie qub

`ke iuhnr n in `bsegupngk÷o -sedrb teè bo bi gnape- `b hrno

pnrtb `b in anoe `b edrn `b bsn ëpegn. Bste, n su vbz,

preùle in cerangk÷o `b hrupes gnapbskoes qub iugjndno per

ablernr in gnik`n` `b vk`n `b su sbgter.

Bo >;:6 ins prkabrns gîanrns `b vk`be sb kdno bxpno`kboè

ibotnabotb prkabre bo jehnrbs uo pege aîs pu`kbotbs, qub

pe`áno nggb`br n su geaprn. Iubhe bo Kostktugkeobs `b

bosbþnozn geae bi Gkob Giud `bi geibhke Grkste Tby guyes

niuaoes geo serprbsn geapredndno in kostnotnobk`n` `b in

kanhbo= pe`áno hrndnrsb y vbrsb ni aksae tkbape, sko pnsnrper teè bi pregbse `bi rbvbinè qub kapikgndn bi ckia (: y

>3aa). Brn bi SJW gnsbre, qub geoskstán bo uon gîanrn

rbintkvnabotb hrno`b, uon hrndnèrn dnstnotb pbsn`n èo`b

sb kotreùgán bi gnssbttb SJW y uo trnosceranèr.

Bo bi pinoe `b in piîstkgn -uon `b ins bxprbskeobs guiturnibs

aîs rkgns bo bi pnás bo ins uitkans `ëgn`ns `bi skhie ZZ-

geotkounreo preùgkboè nrtkstns surhkès bo in `ëgn`n `bi ‛06y 26, geae Khongke Oüþbz Weibr, Eihn Diko`br, B`ktj Lkaëobz, y

`b ins hbobrngkeobs pestbrkerbs (in `bi ‛36 y ies ’oeváskaes‑)

Gnries Geieadkoe, Tkgnrè Akhikerksk, Borkqub Gnrbnhn, Lbonre




30

Vko`ü, Esvniè Wnibroe, Akhubi Jbyo, Dbronrè Mrnoknvsmy,

Iuks N. Dej, y bi bsguiter Jbrano Huhhknrk. Bo in `ëgn`n `b

ies ‛:6 surhb uon oubvn hbobrngk÷o `b nrtkstns piîstkges l÷vbobs, qub tkbob botrb sus ablerbs bxpeobotbs n Vb`re

Nhùbre, Cbikx Pernozes, Mnrkon [nium, Cbikgknoe Gboturk÷o,

Iugke Nqukoe y in bsguitern Anrktë \ni`ávnr. Botrb ies gbotres

guiturnibs ‗teès prkvnès- `bstngno bi `b Nrtbs Sksunibs-

Ausbe `bi Dnrre, geo ngbrves `b nrtb ko`áhbon, pepuinr, tniin

rbikhkesn y nrtb geotbaperîobe, `krkhkè per Gnries Geieadkoe=

Pkgke Bsgednr y Esvniè Wnibroe, n`baîs `bi K@NV-PBK, `b

cerangk÷o y `kcusk÷o guiturni `krkhkè per Eihn Diko`br.

In `ëgn`n `b ies :6, in üitkan `b in `kgtnùrn `b Wtrebssobr,

geaboz÷ geo ès bpkse`kes `b pnrtkguinr vkeibogkn< in rbprbsk÷o

geotrn ies gnapbskoes qub nsnitnreo uo ÷aokdus bo in gku`n`

`b Gnnhunzü y bi nsbskonte `bi bx prbsk`botb `b Okgnrnhun,

Nonstnske Weaezn. Bstb üitkae gnse (egurrkè bi >8 `b

sbtkbadrb `b >;:6) geoaegkeo÷ ni pnás botbre, yn qub ùrnotb

ies absbs pestbrkerbs ni nsbskonte `b Weaezn in peikgán rbnikz÷

ouabresns rb`n`ns qub dusgndno n ies nuterbs `bi ntbotnè.

Bi vbjáguie `b Weaezn cub kotbrgbptnè per uo preybgtki

notktnoqub `kspnrnè `b auy gbrgn, y iubhe bi `kgtnèr cub

aubrte per ins dnins `b vnrkns nrans nuteaîtkgns, bo uon

gëotrkgn gniib `b Nsuogk÷o. Ies ab`kes `b geauokgngk÷o

aestrnreo ni auoè botbre n trnvës `b ins gîanrns

cetehrîckgns y `b tbibvksk÷o ins kaîhbobs sbhuoès `bspuës `b

jndbr egurrkè bi ntbotnè bstnoè te`nván geo ies gubrpes y

bi Abrgb`bs Dboz dinoge `b Weaezn, `bstreznès bo ab`ke

`b in gniib.




32

Iubhe `bi ntbotnè, in peikgán `btuve n augjns pbrseons y ins

iibv÷ ni @bpnrtnabote `b Kovbstkhngkeobs, trkstbabotb gëibdrb

per ins terturns qub sb blbgutndno bo su kotbrker. Pnadkëorbnikz÷ geotreibs `b èguabotes n ies gku`n`noes bo teè bi

pnás, nsá geae niinonakbotes skstbaîtkges `b èakgkikes. Geae

geosbgubogkn `b `kgje epbrntkve, bo luoke `b >;:>, bi `krkhbotb

`ba÷grntn grkstknoe Iuks Niceose Tbsgm cub `btbokè y

bxpuisnè `bi pnás. Bo bsb aksae nþe, bi hedkbroe pnrnhunye

prejkdk÷ in botrn`n ni pnás `bi prbake Oedbi `b in Vnz Nèice

Vërbz Bsqukvbi.

Bo ab`ke `b bstn rbnik`n`, bo >;:> surhb bi sbhuoè gnoni `b

tbibvksk÷o, in Tb` Vrkvn`n `b Geauokgngk÷o (gnoni >7), qub

luotnabotb geo bi yn bxkstbotb Gnoni ; P.S. Gbrre Gerî, sb

geostktuáno bo ies üokges rbcbrbotbs nu`kevksunibs geo ies qub

geotndno ies pnrnhunyes.

Bo >;:4, cub nprbsnè y bxpuisnè n in Nrhbotkon bi peiátkge

ikdbrni @eakohe Ináoe. Bo anrze `b bsb nþe, in peikgán `btuve

y nprbs÷ n aîs `b gunrbotn pbrseons, nhrkguiterbs bo suanyerán, te`ns ngusn`ns `b sbr geauokstns.

Guiakon`n in edrn `b Ktnkpü, bo >;:4, bi Vnrnhuny botr÷ bo

uon grksks bgeo÷akgn qub ncbgt÷ peiátkgnabotb ni hedkbroe `bi

prbsk`botb Nicrbè Wtrebssobr. Bo bstb aeabote, ies hrupes

segknibs geaboznreo n anokcbstnr geo anyer ckrabzn bi

`bsgeotbote geo bi rëhkabo `kgtnterkni qub kapbrndn.

Snrkes hrupes bxpbrkabotnibs `b tbntre geae Pbntre Bstu`ke

Ikdrb, Pkbapevkiie, Hbotb `b Pbntre y bi biboge `bi Ntbobe

Vnrnhunye, ceranès bo in `ëgn`n `bi 86, geotkounreo bo su

anyerán jngkboè pubstns bo bsgbon bo in `ëgn`n skhukbotb.




33

In snin `b In Cnrîoùin jndán tbokè qub `blnr ies nites `b in

bstngk÷o `bi cbrregnrrki per prbskeobs bgeo÷akgns `b ins

nuterk`n`bs= bi Pbntre \bre cub ginusurnè bi `án `b sukonuhurngk÷o y uoe `b sus cuo`nèrbs, Îohbi Aehikn y su

bspesn, `bpertnès n Gierko`n per kotbotnr qubdrnotnr in

abotb `b oubstrn segkb`n` geo k`bns sudvbrskvns= bi Pbntre

Gnries Noteoke I÷pbz, preybgte bstupboè `b Brobste Dîbz y

in cnakikn Tbks÷cbr, oe sepert÷ ies nhedkes bgeo÷akges y in

kogeaprbosk÷o y ngnd÷ trnsceraîoèsb, notbs `b ongbr, bo bi

gkob Vrbakbr. Bi 7 `b anye `b >;:4 sb cuo`÷ bo bi dnrrke Skiin

Aerrn bi Nribquáo Pbntre `krkhkè per Lesë Iuks Nr`ksseob.Roes nþes `bspuës ndrk÷ etrn snin utkikzn`n dîskgnabotb pnrn

tniibrbs `b ngtungk÷o èo`b surhkbreo l÷vbobs ngterbs, jey

pretnheokstns `bi tbntre y `bi nu`kevksuni ongkeoni. Ni nþe sb

`bdk÷ gbrrnr In Gnsktn, geae sb in `boeako÷ `bdkè n cnitn `b

ceoès pbre in snin prkogkpni `bi Nribquáo geotkou÷

kokotbrruapk`nabotb n pbsnr `b tbobr qub au`nrsb `b iegni bo

bi ;>. @bs`b su kokgke bi Nribquáo prbsbot÷ aîs `b >46 edrns

tbntrnibs, bspbgtîguies geo biboges bxtrnolbres, geogkbrtes `baüskgn giîskgn, pepuinr y bspbgtîguies `b dniibt.7;

Nhustáo Oüþbz y Tkgnrè Akhikerksk iibvnreo n bsgbon In

Gîo`k`n Brëo`krn y su ndubin `bsnian`n, pubstn qub k`b÷ in

grbngk÷o `bi Gbotre `b Kovbstkhngk÷o y @kvuihngk÷o Pbntrni bo

bstes ès nrtkstns luote geo Hierkn Auþez.

Bi Hrupe `b Ngterbs Pbntrnibs bxpuse bo in `ëgn`n `bi :6

pkbzns `b Luike Gerrbn, akbotrns bo bi Pbntre Auokgkpni e bi

Pbntre Intkoe sb prbsbotndno geo tbans pepuinrbs y iegnikstns

ies biboges ceranès per ’Ies Geapn`rbs‑, Iuks @°Eikvbkrn,

7; www.nribquko.gea.py




38

Lesë Eikttb, Gnries H÷abz, in Geapnþán Wîogjbz-Vnster, botrb

etres.

Snrkns rbprbsbotngkeobs `kpieaîtkgns geotndno bo bstn `ëgn`n

geo bspngkes guiturnibs `b kapertnogkn, geae bi Gbotre `b

Bstu`kes Drnskibþes, bi Gbotre Guiturni Vnrnhunye Nabrkgnoe,

in Niknozn Crnogbsn, bi Kostktute Vnrnhunye Nibaîo y bi Gbotre

Guiturni `b Bspnþn Luno `b Wninznr qub ’sb `bstng÷

geovkrtkëoèsb geo uo piurniksae nüo kobxkstbotb bo oubstre

ab`ke, bo napnre y rbpnre `b ies ikdrbs pbosnèrbs `bi

nadkbotb guiturni. Bi Gbotre Guiturni Bspnþei cub uoe `b ies

iuhnrbs kobvktndibs `b ins pbrseons pbosnotbs bo ies nþes :6

`b bstb pnás, rnz÷o per in guni brn akrnè geo rbgbie per ies

peiátkges `bi ùre er`bo qub rbhán bo bi pnás‑.06

Ins hnibráns prkvn`ns geae Nrtbsnoes, Vbqubþn Hnibrán,

Cîdrkgn, bi Nibpj, btg. tnadkëo sb jndáno geovbrtkè bo

bspngkes `b `kcusk÷o nrtástkgn rbibvnotb. Bo ie qub jngb nrtbs

pepuinrbs, uon bxprbskvn preùggk÷o gbrîakgn -`b rnágbs

geieoknibs- geotkoün jnstn jey rbnikzîoèsb botrb nicnrbrns `bKtî y Pedntá, geo bxpeobotbs (cbabokons te`ns) geae Brktru`ks

Oehubrn, Skrhkokn [bhres, Tesn Drátbz, Anrhnrktn Gervniîo,

Lunon A. Te`ns, Luikn Ksk`rbz, btg. In tniin rbikhkesn tkbob botrb

sus prkogkpnibs guiterbs n \bo÷o Vîbz y Gîo`kè Te`ráhubz,

akbotrns in preùggk÷o nrtástkgn `b tblkès (nje peá, þnoùtá) e

bi nrtb ko`áhbon sbhuán hbobrnoè -geae ùrnotb skhies- edrns

`b hrno dbiibzn bstëtkgn n trnvës `b koouabrndibs guiterbs

no÷okaes bo bses nþes.

06 HNANTTN, Vb`re. Nrtáguie Ies 42 nþes `bi Gbotre Luno `b Wninznr b Oetkgkns,Bi @knrke. Nsuogk÷o, 3 `b nheste `b 466>. Vîh. 78.




3:

Bo >;:7 Wtrebssobr veivk÷ n hnonr geo bi ;6% `b ies vetes ins

bibggkeobs hbobrnibs, guyes rbsuitnès brno anokpuinès sko

puèr per ins nuterk`n`bs `b in ëpegn. Bi hedkbroe `bi `kgtnèrgeaboz÷ n prbegupnrsb bo bsb tkbape perqub in prbosn

kocerandn getk`knonabotb ngbrgn `b in rbgbsk÷o bgeo÷akgn y

`bi `bsprbstkhke kotbrongkeoni `b in kanhbo `bi pnás. Bo anye

`bi ':7 in peikgán niino÷ uon erhnokzngk÷o oe hudbronabotni

vkoguin`n n sbgterbs hrbaknibs y sko`kgnibs -bi Dnoge

Vnrnhunye `b @ntes- y nprbs÷ niiá n 27 pbrseons. Bo luike cub

suspbo`k`n tbaperniabotb Tn`ke Þnoùtá. Veges `áns

`bspuës, cub nprbsnè bi `krbgter `bi `knrke Ndg Geier, Niè\ugeikiie. Bo sbtkbadrb cub nprbsnè y iibvnè ni @bpnrtnabote

`b Kovbstkhngkeobs bi pbrke`kstn `b bsb aksae `knrke,

Nigkdkn`bs Heozîibz @bivniib. [ bo oevkbadrb bi hedkbroe

prejkdk÷ blbrgbr su precbsk÷o ni `krbgter `b Þnoùtá, Juadbrte

Tudáo.

Geapeskterbs, nuterbs b kotërprbtbs sb `kbreo per tnrbn

rbgupbrnr y `bsnrreiinr in aüskgn pnrnhunyn y in pepuinr

urdnon, geo uo cubrtb geotbokè segkni. Botrb ies prkogkpnibs

hrupes bstndno Þnano`ü, Luhinrbs, Wbadrnèr, Segni @es,

Hbotb bo Gnakoe, `bstngîoèsb nihuons grbngkeobs `b Lerhb

Hnrdbtt y Gnries Oehubrn. In Erqubstn Wkoc÷okgn `b in Gku`n`

`b Nsuogk÷o (EWGN), dnle in `krbggk÷o `b Iuks Wznrîo, geoegk÷

uo hrno `bsnrreiie. Nsuogk÷o Segni Bosnadib, Anguonáan

jngbo kotbrprbtngk÷o `b pkbzns geotbaperîobns y surhkbreo

vnrkes hrupes regmbres y abtnibres bo in gnpktni. Nrtkstnsko`kvkùnibs geae Gnye Wkin Heèy y Gësnr Gntniè sb

`bstngnreo bo in kotbrprbtngk÷o `b edrns ceimi÷rkgns e guitns `bi

ngbrve iegni akbotrns ins l÷vbobs huktnrrkstns Dbrtn Telns y Iuz




3;

An. Dedn`kiin `bsnrreiinreo in trn`kgk÷o `b hrno`bs edrns `b

huktnrrn giîskgn.

Hrngkns n in prbsk÷o kotbrongkeoni, n ab`knès `b ies nþes :6,

bi hedkbroe pbraktk÷ bi rbhrbse `b ies kotbhrnotbs `bi

Aevkakbote Vepuinr Geiernè (AEVEGE) -ies gerrbikhkeonrkes

`b Wtrebssobr qub bstndno bo geotrn `b ëi- qub jndáno skè

bxpuisnès `bi pnás y vkváno bo bi bxkike, nuoqub in peikgán ies

geotreindn pbrk÷`kgnabotb.

Bo ie qub jngb n in grbngk÷o iktbrnrkn, in trn`kgk÷o `b bsgrkterbs

`bi bxkike skhuk÷ pbsnoè bo bstn ’ksin re`bn`n `b tkbrrn‑. Wkobadnrhe, in iktbrnturn ongkeoni per nqubiies nþes oe qub`÷

kotbrruapk`n. Puve y skhub tbokboè `bstngnès bxpeobotbs `b

uo nite okvbi qub jno bsgrkte `bs`b edrns gestuadrkstns jnstn

grátkgns bxpiágktns `n in geoyuoturn, nuoqub bsgnsnabotb. Bo

pebsán sb `bstngnreo Bivke Teabre y Tudëo Dnrbkre Wnhukbr.

Etres pebtns y bsgrkterbs qub skhukbreo preùgkboè cubreo

Lesë Iuks Nppibynr`, Lesbckon Viî, Luno Dnutkstn Tkvnrein

Antte, Bstbdno Gndnþns, Nuhuste Gnsein, Non Krks Gjnvbs `bCbrrbkre, Anrke Jniiby Aern, Lerhb Tkttbr, Lbsüs Tukz Obstesn,

Gnries Skiinhrn Anrsni, Gnries \udkznrrbtn, botrb etres. N

ab`knès `b ies :6 ins ibtrns cbabokons sb auitkpikgno. N

augjes nþes `b in pkeobrn Lesbckon Viî babrhbo bo bstb

îadkte Obk`n Deobt `b Aboèogn , geo su oevbin Heipb `b iuz

(>;:7)= Tnqubi Wnhukbr, geo in oevbin In vbrn jksterkn `b

purkckgngk÷o (>;:;)= Iugy Aeoèogn `b Wpkozk, geo Pkbrrn

anosn y etres gubotes (>;:8). N bstes oeadrbs bs obgbsnrke

tnadkëo nhrbhnr etres surhkès geae uon oubvn hbobrngk÷o `b

iktbrntes, kotbhrn`n per @bickon Ngestn, Anrhet Nynin `b

Akgjbinhoeik Tbobë Cbrrbr, Wusy @bihnè, Okin I÷pbz, Hin`ys




86

Gnranhoein y Hukè Te`ráhubz Nigniî, per gktnr nihuoes. Bi

tniibr Anoubi Ertkz Hubrrbre rbuoán n pebtns hunrnoá pnrinotbs,

qub luote n etres geae bi Vîlnre Nzui rbnikzndn uon ngtkvngrbngk÷o y `kcusk÷o `b in tnrbn iktbrnrkn.0>

Wurhbo `kvbrsns ngn`bakns `b dniibt, èo`b ngu`áno ins ’okþns

`b in segkb`n`‑ geae skhoe `b stntus segkni `bpbo`kboè `bi

`krbgter e `krbgtern `b in ngn`bakn (Akhubi Deooáo, Pbrbsn

Gnpurre, Gnrakþn Anrtáobz, Okgeib @klmjuks, Hrngkbin Abzn,

btg.). Ni aksae tkbape ins ngn`bakns geabozndno n ceranr

sus rbspbgtkves biboges geae Dniibt Pbntre Vreùggkeobs y

Vredniibt, geo ies qub rbnikzndno pubstns giîskgns y

geotbaperîobns bo snins tbntrnibs `b in gnpktni. Bo bi îadkte

püdikge, in auokgkpnik`n` gnpktnikon tkbob biboges giîskges y

ceimi÷rkges akbotrns n ckobs `b in `ëgn`n bapbz÷ n

`bsnrreiinrsb bi Dniibt Ongkeoni geo ies nuspkgkes `bi Akokstbrke

`b Bùgngk÷o.

Ins preùgterns ko`bpbo`kbotbs gedrno anyer pretnheoksae

rbnikznoè nihuoes trndnles `b ckggk÷o npnrtb `b ies rb`ktundibsgeabrgknibs. Bo gunote n ins cetehrncáns, sus prkogkpnibs

bxpeobotbs seo Luno Gnries Abzn, Cbronoè Niibo `b

Cetesátbsks, Lbsüs Tukz Obstesn, Lesb An. Dinogj, Vb`re

Gndniibre, Anoeie Vrkbte, Tesn Vninz÷o, Nikgkn Cnindbiin y

Gjkquk Sbiîzqubz.

Bo >;:8, geo k`bnibs y uon iugjn bo geaüo geotrn in

`kgtnùrn, ies bstu`knotbs `b in Rokvbrsk`n` Ongkeoni `b

0> N[NIN, An. Buhbokn. Ro vknlb per bi tüobi bi tkbape iktbrnrke. In ûkogbon Ore06.Vudikgngk÷o `b in Cnguitn` `b Ckiesecán y Gkbogkns Juanons `b in Rokvbrsk`n`Gnt÷ikgn. Nsuogk÷o, >2 ni 76 `b luoke `b 466>.




8>

Nsuogk÷o y in Rokvbrsk`n` Gnt÷ikgn cuo`no in Cb`brngk÷o `b

Bstu`knotbs `bi Vnrnhuny (CBRV).04

Bo >;:: sb rbnikznreo oubvnabotb bibggkeobs, bo ins qub bi

vbogbèr cub Wtrebssobr geo bi ::% `b ies vetes. Bo anye `b

bsb aksae nþe, bi Vnpn Luno Vndie KK vkskt÷ bi Vnrnhuny, ie

qub trnle gkbrtn bspbrnozn n in pedingk÷o qub yn bo bsb

aeabote bstndn jnrtn `b ies `bsanobs y nduses `b in

`kgtnùrn. Pe`n in hkrn pnpni cub gudkbrtn n trnvës `b ies

ab`kes `b geauokgngk÷o, n bxgbpgk÷o `bi bogubotre geo ies

’Geostrugterbs `b in Vnz‑ qub rbnikznreo uon pbrceanogb

nibh÷rkgn n in `kgtnùrn qub sb bstndn vkvkboè.

Ies ès üitkaes nþes `bi hedkbroe `b Wtrebssobr sb

gnrngtbrkznreo per ins anrgjns y ins anokcbstngkeobs `b

pretbstn. Bo `kgkbadrb, sb rbnikz÷ in Anrgjn per in vk`n, in guni

iehr÷ qub akibs `b pnrnhunyes snikbrno n ins gniibs pnrn

rbginanr in vkhbogkn `b ies `brbgjes juanoes bo bi pnás. In

gku`n`noán, n`baîs, sb bocrbot÷ geo pege akbè n in peikgán,

qub trnt÷ koütkiabotb `b `bsdnrntnr in pretbstn. Peè bste`brkv÷ pestbrkerabotb bo uon grksks peiátkgn `botre `bi aksae

sboe `bi Vnrtkè Geiernè y `b ins Cubrzns Nran`ns, dnsbs

cuo`nabotnibs `bi hedkbroe `b Wtrebssobr.

Ckoniabotb, bi 7 `b cbdrbre `b >;:;, vnrkes hbobrnibs `bi

boteroe `b Wtrebssobr (botrb biies su prepke geosubhre, bi

hbobrni No`rës Te`ráhubz) rbnikznreo uo heipb `b Bstnè n su

hedkbroe. Bi `kgtnèr cub `brregnè y iubhe `b trbs absbs

04 NGJNSNI, @nokbi. Aîs niiî `b ies subþes. Cnguitn`bs `b in RG Nsuogk÷o uobo

sus cubrzns. In ûkogbon Ore0>. Vudikgngk÷o `b in `b in Cnguitn` `b Ckiesecán yGkbogkns Juanons `b in Rokvbrsk`n` Gnt÷ikgn. Nsuogk÷o, >2 ni 76 `b luike `b 466>.




84

nsuak÷ in tktuinrk`n` `bi Ve`br Blbgutkve Te`ráhubz, qukbo

kokgk÷ bi pregbse `b trnoskgk÷o n in `baegrngkn.

Iubhe `b in gná`n `bi hedkbroe `b Wtrebssobr, sb `bsnrtkguino

ies aevkakbotes bstu`knotkibs `b ins Cnguitn`bs `b ins

Rokvbrsk`n`bs Ongkeoni y Gnt÷ikgn. In anyerán `b ies hrbakes

bstu`knotkibs uokvbrsktnrkes `bsnpnrbgkbreo `bspuës `bi heipb

`b bstnè luote geo in CBRV.07 Bo ins nrtbs gkobantehrîckgns

Juhe Hnanrrn cuo`n y `krkhb in Cuo`ngk÷o Gkobantbgn y

Nrgjkve Sksuni `bi Vnrnhuny bo >;:;. Bo bi aksae nþe

Nuhuste Ten Dnstes rbgkdk÷ bi aîs nite hninr`÷o `b iktbrnturn

`b ins ibtrns bspnþeins, bi Vrbake Gbrvnotbs.

Bo >;:; `bi Nribquáo Pbntre cub erhnokznèr `bi Cbstkvni `b

Anye `bi Pbntre Kotbrongkeoni bo Nsuogk÷o ->ª B`kgk÷o- geo in

prbsbogkn `b 4> biboges `b skbtb pnásbs intkoenabrkgnoes.00

Vnrn bi `krbgter Lesë Iuks Nr`ksseob, n pnrtkr `bi heipb `b

bstnè `b >;:; bi püdikge `b tbntre pnrbgb jndbr pbr`kè bi

kotbrës bo ins pubstns bo bsgbons perqub `bl÷ `b sbr uo

bspngke `b rbskstbogkn geotrn bi rëhkabo `kgtnterkni. Edrnsgeae< Jnaibt, In gnsn `b Dbronr`n Nidn, Bi hrkte `bi Iuks÷o,

An`rb Gernlb, Bi durhuës hbotkijeadrb y Ins treynons, ntrnáno

anskvnabotb ni püdikge qub bsgugjndn bo degn `b ies ngterbs,

e `bsgudráno bo in trnan `b in edrn, ins `bouogkns qub oe

pe`áno jngbrsb püdikgnabotb‑.

07 NGJNSNI, @nokbi. Ep. gkt.00 www.nribquko.gea.py




87

>. WRTHB RO ORBSE GNONI BO VNTNHRN[

In Pbib`kcusern Vnrnhunyn W.N., ckran prepkbtnrkn `b Gnoni >7,

sb cuo`÷ bi 3 `b luoke `b >;:6. Wu prepkbtnrke cub Okgeiîs De,nakhe `bi boteogbs `kgtnèr Hrni. Nicrbè Wtrebssobr. Bstb

oubve gnoni geaboz÷ n trndnlnr geo ies tëgokges sedrb bi

`ksbþe `b uo kohbokbre nrhbotkoe, rbprbsbotnotb `b in T.P.N.

(Tn`ke Pbibvksk÷o Nrhbotkon). N ckobs `b ies :6 sb kokgknreo ins

geostruggkeobs `b in bstrugturn cáskgn bo bi auokgkpke `b

Inadnrë, qub ceran pnrtb `bi îrbn `boeakon`n Hrno

Nsuogk÷o. Bi `bpnrtnabote `b prbosn rbgurrk÷ n in Bsgubin `b

Iegugk÷o, `bpbo`kbotb `b in Auokgkpnik`n` `b Nsuogk÷o, pnrnceranr greokstns y vegbs geabrgknibs oubvns.02

Bi >> `b cbdrbre `b >;:> snik÷ per prkabrn vbz ni nkrb bi Gnoni

>7 `b in ckran Pbib`kcusern Vnrnhunyn W.N. In `kcbrbogkn

cuo`nabotni geo bi Gnoni ; cub qub `bs`b bi kokgke trnosaktk÷

bo geierbs. Bi prkabr prehrnan baktkè per bi oubve gnoni sb

`boeako÷< Snrkb`n`bs, guyes geoùgterbs brno bi `kdulnotb

Verckrke Dustes y Vb`re Cbrrnrk.

In prkabrn trnosaksk÷o bo `krbgte qub bcbgtu÷ bi Gnoni >7 cub

bi >2 `b anye `b >;:> `bs`b bi Vningke `b I÷pbz, èo`b sb

iibv÷ n gnde bi ngte `b rbnsuogk÷o ni anoè prbsk`bogkni `bi

`kgtnèr Hrni. Nicrbè Wtrebssobr.

Gnries Wnhukbr, gkobnstn pnrnhunye ceranè bo in Nrhbotkon,

cub bi preaeter `bi `bsnrreiie tëgokge `b ies geakbozes `bi

Gnoni >7. Geo Wnhukbr sb bxpbrkabot÷ bi prkabr skstban `bb`kgk÷o bo vk`be gnssbttb.

02 OKGETN, Hki`n y Hubrrbre, Vndie. Ep. gkt. Vîh. 4>.




80

Bi Gnoni >7 sb gnrngtbrkz÷ per in kapibabotngk÷o `bi

tbibpreotbr sedrb bi rbinte `bi ieguter bo ies oetkgkbres y ins

sik`bs pnrn k`botkckgnr uo tban, n`baîs `b ies cuo`kès pnrnprbsbotnr uo vk`be. Peè bste kapikg÷ uon kovbrsk÷o auy

hrno`b, qub jkze qub bi gnoni, bo su prkabrn btnpn `b vk`n

(>;:>-:2), sb jnyn vkste bo in obgbsk`n` `b sbr seivbotnè per

etrns ckrans `bi hrupe baprbsnrkni `b Okgeiîs D÷ geae in

tndngnibrn "In Sbogbèrn W.N."

Bo ies prkabres absbs `bspuës `b in konuhurngk÷o sb

n`qukrkbreo guntre pnrbs `b bqukpes `b akgreeo`ns `b in

anrgn Akgre Xnvbs Nssegkntbs, qub brno ie üitkae bo

tbgoeiehán `b nqubiin ëpegn, pbre sbrváno seinabotb pnrn

jngbr boingbs `b jnstn 26 mki÷abtres. Bs `bgkr, pnrn trnosaktkr

bvbotes bo bi rn`ke `b in gku`n` y nirb`bèrbs.

Ins trnosakskeobs qub sb rbnikzndno `bs`b `kstnogkns

supbrkerbs n ies 26 mki÷abtres sb iehrndno geo in nyu`n `b in

rb` `b akgreeo`ns `b in NOPBIGE.

Bo sbtkbadrb `b >;:8 sb cera÷ in Tb` Vrkvn`n `b

Geauokgngk÷o (TVG) qub -n `kcbrbogkn `bi Wkstban Ongkeoni

`b Pbibvksk÷o- ougib÷ n vnrkes ab`kes `b geauokgngk÷o `b

ansns< Tn`ke Gnr`koni NA (cuo`nè bi 8 `b anye `b >;;>),

Tn`ke Gnr`koni CA (bi >2 `b sbtkbadrb `b >;:8) y Bi @knrke

Oetkgkns, qub n pnrtkr `bi >3 `b sbtkbadrb `b >;;6 gnadk÷ su

oeadrb per Oetkgkns bi @knrke. Ngtuniabotb, n pnrtkr `bi

cniibgkakbote `b @eo Okgeiîs D÷ y per `ksputns cnakiknrbsrbcbrbotbs n in sugbsk÷o `b dkbobs, bsn ougibngk÷o `b ab`kes

sb `bsnrtkgui÷ y bi gnoni pns÷ n sbr `boeakonè Bi Prbgb.




82

Bi gnoni >7 trndnl÷ `bs`b sus kokgkes geo ckias, n trnvës `b ès

preybgterbs `b tbibgkob `b in anrgn TGN `b >3 akiáabtres y

tnaderbs `b `knpesktkvns `b 72 akiáabtres. Pnadkëo sbutkikznreo gkotns `b vk`be tkpe R-Antkg `b ¿ puihn`ns y ins

a qukons `b uon puihn`n Napbx qub sbrváno n in vbz pnrn

rbnikznr ins rbpbtkgkeobs `b gîanrn ibotn bo ies pnrtkès `b

cütdei u etres bvbotes `bpertkves prbcbrbotbabotb.

Ngtuniabotb ies tbibgkobs bstîo tetniabotb `bsbgjnès bo

gnoni >7.

>. BI SK@BE BO INPKOENABTKGN.

Bi 4; `b nheste ni 4 `b sbptkbadrb `b >;:: sb rbnikz÷ `bi bo

Wno Lesë `b Gestn Tkgn bi Wbakonrke Kotbrongkeoni sedrb

Sk`be, Geauokgngk÷o Vepuinr b Kotbrgnadke Pbgoei÷hkge

èo`b sb trntnreo geae blbs tbaîtkges `bi bogubotre ins

oubvns tbo`bogkns tbgoei÷hkgns `bi vk`be, ins

trnoscerangkeobs bo bi îadkte `b kotbhrngk÷o, prkvntkzngk÷o y

`bsrbhuingk÷o `b in tbibvksk÷o bo Burepn y bi noîiksks `b ins

bxpbrkbogkns aîs rbibvnotbs `b preùggk÷o y `kcusk÷o bo

Naërkgn Intkon `bi vk`be pnrn in geauokgngk÷o pepuinr.03

Bi bogubotre cub erhnokznè per bi Gbotre Kotbronzkeonib

Gregbvkn, `b Tean, Ktnikn, bi Kostktute pnrn Naërkgn Intkon

(KVNI), `b Ikan, Vbrü, in Rokvbrsk`n` pnrn in Vnz y bi Gbotre

`b Gnpngktngk÷o pnrn bi @bsnrreiie (GBGN@B) nades `b Wno

Lesë `b Gestn Tkgn y skhokckg÷ in geoseik`ngk÷o `b uon sbrkb `bngtkvk`n`bs qub bo ies ès nþes notbrkerbs n >;:: cubreo

`bckokboè ni aevkakbote intkoenabrkgnoe `b vk`be geae uon

03 HRPKËTTB\, Anrke (b`.). Sk`be, tbgoeiehán y geauokgngk÷o pepuinr . Vbrü. KVNI.>;:;. Vîh. >4;.




83

nitbrontkvn y uon bstrntbhkn `b gnadke y precuo`kzngk÷o `b ies

pregbses `baegrîtkges `bi geotkobotb.

Vnrtkgkpnreo `bi bvbote :3 kovbstkhnèrbs, rbnikznèrbs,

bspbgknikstns bo vk`be, bùgnèrbs pepuinrbs y preùgterbs `b

vk`be, pregb`botbs `b Nrhbotkon, Deikvkn, Drnski, Gjkib, Gestn

Tkgn, Huntbanin, Aëxkge, Okgnrnhun, Vnonaî, Vbrü y

Rruhuny. Pnadkëo bstuvkbreo prbsbotbs, bi `krbgter `bi

hndkobtb `b geauokgngk÷o segkni `b Aeznadkqub, Ckiksdbrte

Pkohn, bi `krbgter `b CBWVNGE, Vjkikppb Wnwnèhe, y skbtb

rbprbsbotnotbs `b erhnokzngkeobs ngn`ëakgns y oe

hudbronabotnibs `b Ktnikn.

Bi sbakonrke tea÷ bspbgkniabotb bo geosk`brngk÷o ies npertbs

geotbokès bo in @bginrngk÷o `b In Jndnon (`kgkbadrb `b

>;:8), bi Bogubotre sedrb Sk`be y Bùgngk÷o Vepuinr bo

Aeotbvk`be (anrze `bi '::) y bi Anokckbste `b Wnotknhe `bi

Vrkabr Bogubotre Intkoenabrkgnoe `b Sk`be (ndrki `bi '::). Ies

pnrtkgkpnotbs `bi bvbote geostntnreo bi grbgkakbote `b in

preùggk÷o y gkrguingk÷o `b vk`be pepuinr n trnvës `b in`kvbrsk`n`, ckonik`n`bs, ab`kes `b use y hëobres. Wb geosk`br÷

qub ie qub certnibgb n bstb aevkakbote bs prbgksnabotb su

`kvbrsk`n` y su düsqub`n grbntkvn.

Ins koqukbtu`bs qub sb anokcbstnreo bo bi bogubotre cubreo

ies tbans rbintkves ni vk`be geae preùggk÷o y gkrguingk÷o,

gnpngktngk÷o y tbgoeiehán. Bo gunote n in gnpngktngk÷o, sb

nger`÷ in obgbsk`n` `b precuo`kznr ies bstu`kes sedrb inabteèiehán pnrn bi use `bi vk`be sbhüo ies edlbtkves `b in

bùgngk÷o y in geauokgngk÷o pepuinr, pnrn ceranr preaeterbs

y bùgnèrbs pepuinrbs.




88

Geo rbingk÷o n in preùggk÷o y gkrguingk÷o `b preùgtes `b

vk`be, sb `knhoestkg÷ bi bibvnè okvbi `b in preùggk÷o qub oe

tkbob uon gerrbspeo`bogkn bo tërakoes `b gkrguingk÷o bo biîadkte ongkeoni, rbhkeoni b kotbrongkeoni. Bo gunote n in

hbstk÷o `bi `bsnrreiie tbgoei÷hkge, sb rbgeoegk÷ in obgbsk`n`

`b geaprbo`br y nrtkguinr bi vk`be geo ins tbgoeieháns aîs

trn`kgkeonibs y geo ins aîs nvnozn`ns. Bi sbakonrke nger`÷,

botrb etrns gesns, prepkgknr ins skhukbotbs kokgkntkvns< n)

preaevbr preybgtes `b gnpngktngk÷o pnrn in cerangk÷o `b vk`be

geauokgnèrbs pepuinrbs= d) bstkauinr preybgtes `b

gkrguingk÷o `b kocerangk÷o y preùgtes nu`kevksunibs n okvbiongkeoni, rbhkeoni b kotbrongkeoni= g) pnrtkgkpnr `b ins

`ksguskeobs ongkeonibs sedrb peiátkgns `b geauokgngk÷o y

bùgngk÷o= y `) prepkgknr gepreùggkeobs `b vk`be qub cngkiktbo

bi kotbrgnadke botrb Naërkgn Intkon y ies aevkakbotes

pepuinrbs `b ins etrns pnrtbs `bi auoè.08

’On`n aîs `kcágki pnrn Naërkgn Intkon qub bi Intkoe

nabrkgnoksae‑ sbþnindn tkbape ntrîs bi jksterknèr uruhunye

Abtjei Cbrrë, nhrbhnoè< ’Geae bs tno `kcágki, geae bxkhb uon

hrno ginrk`n` n inrhe pinze, geae rbqukbrb `b uon veiuotn`

sesbhn`n, skibogkesn y cbrezabotb pbrsbvbrnotb, peges

intkoenabrkgnoes sb ntrbvbo n sbr intkoenabrkgnokstns

vbr`n`bres. Vrbckbrbo bi sudlbtkvksae eoárkge y noskese `b

pbr`bèrbs, geo tni `b kiuskeonrsb bosbhuk`n geoqub in vkgterkn

bstî gbrgn‑.0:

08 HRPKËTTB\, Ep. gkt. Vîh. >4;.0: ABPJEI Cbrrë, Nidbrte. ABTGEWRT< uon dkpeinrk`n` guiturni, bo ABTGEWRT<

in kabosk÷o guiturni b in kotbhrngk÷o, Hrbherke Tbgeoè (geapki.). B`. GKGGRW,Duboes Nkrbs, >;;8.




8:

Vnrn Egtnvke Hbtkoe0; bo bsn bogrugkln`n sb udkgn tnadkëo bi

bstu`ke y in rbcibxk÷o sedrb ies predibans bstrugturnibs `bi gkob

intkoenabrkgnoe y nsbhurn qub ’geae guniqukbr etrn koùstrknguiturni, bi gkob geoskstb dîskgnabotb bo bi `ksbþe, in

preùggk÷o y in geabrgknikzngk÷o `b anoucngturns `bstkon`ns

bspbgáckgnabotb n in trnsaksk÷o `b geotbokès skad÷ikges‑.

’Ni khuni qub sugb`b geo ies etres ab`kes nu`kevksunibs `b

oubstre tkbape, in koùstrkn y ins ngtkvk`n`bs gkobantehrîckgns

bstîo geo`kgkeon`ns per uo geapible skstban `b geo`kgkeobs

bgeo÷akgns, guiturnibs y peiátkgns, prepkns `b gn`n pnás, pbre n

su vbz, grbgkbotbabotb kotbrrbingkeon`ns geo bi uokvbrse `b ins

koùstrkns `b`kgn`ns n in guiturn, ins geauokgngkeobs segknibs

y bi botrbtbokakbote, n okvbi auo`kni‑.26

Jngb npbons `kbz nþes Hbtkoe puse bo gkrguingk÷o uo prkabr

bstu`ke2> bo bi qub sb kotbotndn `bsgrkdkr y nonikznr in sktungk÷o

`bi gkob intkoenabrkgnoe, `bstngnoè su `kabosk÷o bgeo÷akgn

y sus rbingkeobs geo ins oubvns tbgoeieháns nu`kevksunibs.

Prnosgurrk`n uon `ëgn`n `bs`b in pudikgngk÷o `bi bstu`ke

rbcbrkè, Hbtkoe edsbrvn bo in ngtunik`n` uo anyer kotbrës per

bi bstu`ke `b ies predibans `b in bgeoeaán `bi gkob `b

Intkoenaërkgn, guyns `kckguitn`bs bo bi pinoe `b in preùggk÷o

y geabrgknikzngk÷o `b ins pbiáguins-anoucngturns, ncbgtno

tnadkëo y `b anobrn `bgkskvn, n in gkrguingk÷o y ni kotbrgnadke

0; HBPKOE, Egtnvke. Gkob y Pbibvksk÷o bo Naërkgn Intkon. Vreùggk÷o y abrgnès.>rn b`kg., Ds. Ns., IEA B`kgkeobs/B`kgkeobs GKGGRW, >;;:. Vîh.>>.26 Kdk`.2> HBPKOE Egtnvke. Gkob intkoenabrkgnoe< bgeoeaán y oubvns tbgoeieháns

nu`kevksunibs. B`. Rokvbrsk`n` `b ies No`bs ‗ Cuo`ngk÷o `bi oubve GkobIntkoenabrkgnoe, Sbobzubin- Gudn, >;:3= B`. Ibhnsn, Nrhbotkon, >;:8= B`. Prkiins-Cb`brngk÷o Intkoenabrkgnon `b Cnguitn`bs `b Gkbogkns `b in Geauokgngk÷o(CBINVNG), Aëxkge, >;;6.




8;

`b ies geotbokès skad÷ikges erkhkonès bo oubstrns

rbnik`n`bs.

Vnrn Egtnvke Hbtkoe, ’gkob y nu`kevksuni geakbozno n ceranr

pnrtb `b uo bspngke ko`bpbo`kbotb y geaüo, geae bs bi

Bspngke Nu`kevksuni, tërakoe utkikznè per prkabrn vbz -geae

uon k`bn kooevnèrn, nuoqub dnle ies kociules `b in bxpbrkbogkn

burepbn- bo bi sbakonrke rbnikznè bo >;:0 bo in Jndnon, bo

bi anrge `bi Cbstkvni Kotbrongkeoni `bi Oubve Gkob

Intkoenabrkgnoe. Bstb oubve bocequb `b ies predibans `bi

gkob sb rbnckra÷ uo nþe aîs tnr`b, bo >;:2, bo uo oubve

bogubotre gunoè ies pnrtkgkpnotbs `bi aksae sestuvkbreo bo

su `bginrngk÷o ckoni< Ouogn geae bo oubstres `áns cub tno

vkskdib in kotbrnggk÷o botrb gkob, tbibvksk÷o y vk`be< ab`kes qub

pbsb n geotnr geo gnrngtbrástkgns `b use `kcbrbogkn`ns tkbobo

bo geaüo su epbrntkvk`n` nu`kevksuni, sktungk÷o qub abrbgb

sbr `bstngn`n per su kogk`bogkn bo in guiturn y bo bi `bsnrreiie

kotbhrni b oubstres pnásbs.‑ 24

Bi nu`kevksuni kotbhrn bi gnape `b ins koùstrkns guiturnibs,èo`b geovbrhbo bsns ès `kaboskeobs prkogkpnibs sedrb ins

qub nckran su bxkstbogkn< in bgeo÷akgn-koùstrkni y in

k`bei÷hkgn-guiturni.27

Bo uo `knho÷stkge20 bindernè bo Gjkib bo >;;2 pnrn `bdntkr in

peiátkgn `b ceabote y `bsnrreiie `b in koùstrkn nu`kevksuni `b

bsb pnás, sb `bsgrkdán ginrnabotb in geapibabotnrkb`n` `b ins

ès cngbtns rbcbrk`ns y Hbtkoe ie rbpreùgb< ’In `kabosk÷o

24 HBPKOE, Egtnvke. Ep. gkt. Vîh. >4.27 Kdk`. Vîh. >820 AKAB@RG. Veiátkgn b ceabote y bsnrreiie bi gkob y in koùstrkn nu`kevksuni.

Notbgb`botbs y `knho÷stkge `bi sbter gkobantehrîckge nu`kevksuni gjkiboe (@eguabote b trndnle). Gjkib, >;;3.




:6

bgeo÷akgn `kgb rbingk÷o geo uo geapible pregbse qub

koveiugrn baprbsnrkes, gnpktni, rbgurses juanoes y rbgurses

tbgoei÷hkges koùstrknibs= y pregbses `b bxjkdkgk÷o, preaegk÷o,`kstrkdugk÷o y vbotn qub kapikgn bstrntbhkns `b püdikge y

abrgnè... In `kabosk÷o guiturni `b in koùstrkn `kgb rbingk÷o

tnote geo in bxkstbogkn `b uon cnsb `b grbngk÷o nrtástkgn bo in

preùggk÷o -koveiugrnoè nuterbs, hukeokstns, vnierbs bstëtkges

y trn`kgk÷o-, geae per in bspbgkckgk`n` `b ies dkbobs y sbrvkgkes

preùgkès per bstb sbgter koùstrkni. Ins edrns preùgk`ns seo

grbngkeobs skad÷ikgns y guiturnibs... Wu gnrîgtbr geogrbte,

`koîakge, baegkeoni, nsegkntkve, skotëtkge, jeiástkge, ncbgtn aîsn in cnotnsán y in ncbgtkvk`n` qub n in rngkeonik`n` juanon y

bstî nitbrnoè ‗n okvbi auo`kni- ins pnutns guiturnibs `b in

segkb`n` hiednikzn`n, geostktuyëoèsb bo in dnsb `b ins

oubvns k`botk`n`bs segknibs, peiátkgns y guiturnibs `bi skhie

ZZi‑. 22

Nsá bs geae Egtnvke Hbkoe geogiuyb ngbrtn`nabotb qub ’Bsns

gunik`n`bs bspbgáckgns `b in koùstrkn nu`kevksuni, qub

`kstkohubo n bstn `b etrns koùstrkns guiturnibs, jno sbrvkè `b

bxgbibotb rbgurse n in bgeoeaán `b ins hrno`bs ongkeobs,

prkogkpniabotb ies BB.RR., pnrn preaegkeonr sus pnutns

guiturnibs y bi geosuae `b sus preùgtes y sbrvkgkes bo dubon

pnrtb `bi auoè‑.

’Nuoqub in anyer pnrtb `b oubstrns ongkeobs bstë auy ibles

`b pe`br geapnrtkr geo bsb tkpe `b peiátkgns koùstrknibs y

geauokgngkeonibs, bi èdib pnpbi `bi gkob -bgeo÷akge y

guiturni- tkbob qub sbr obgbsnrknabotb geosk`brnè, kogiuskvb

bo nqubiins èo`b, per su bsgnse veiuabo pedingkeoni

22 HBPKOE, Egtnvke. Ep. gkt. Vîh. >:




:>

(abrgnè kotbroe) y su kosuckgkbotb skhokckgngk÷o

segkebgeo÷akgn, sb prkvkibhkb in `kabosk÷o guiturni y segkni `bi

ab`ke -pretbggkeoksae ab`knotb- `n`n su rbgeoegk`nkogk`bogkn (`krbgtn e ko`krbgtn) bo bi `bsnrreiie kotbhrni `b in

geauok`n`, qub kogiuyb tnadkëo in `kabosk÷o bgeo÷akgn‑.23

>. BI SK@BE BO VNTNHRN[.

Vnrnhuny bs bi pnás geo aboer `bsnrreiie `bi vk`be bo

Intkoenaërkgn. In `kgtnùrn `bi hbobrni Nicrbè Wtrebssobr,

rbgkëo `brretn`n bo >;:;, kojkdk÷ ùrnotb `ëgn`ns inspetbogknik`n`bs `b in segkb`n` gkvki, in nusbogkn `b

erhnokznèrbs rbprbsbotntkves y `b uon oátk`n geogkbogkn

rbkvko`kgntkvn y peiátkgn, oe pbraktk÷ in babrhbogkn `b bstb ngter

guiturni.28

Bo >;86, bi gnoni ; Gbrre Gerî (in prkabrn tbib`kcusern `bi

pnás) yn geotndn geo uo rbpreùgter `b vk`be TGN PT0 `b 4

puihn`ns y 0 gndbznibs. Tbgkëo bo >;8: npnrbgb bi R-ANPKGgeae cerante koùstrkni geo in gkotn gudkbrtn geo uo gnsge

pretbgter tni geae in geoegbaes jnstn jey. Vbre bi vk`be nüo

oe bstndn ni nignogb `bi püdikge bo hbobrni. N ckonibs `b ies 86

y geakbozes `b ies :6 npnrbgb bo bi abrgnè pnrnhunye bi

DBPNANZ (cerante `bsnrreiinè per in WEO[) y bi SJW (Sk`be

Jeab Wkstba) `bsnrreiinè per in LSG. Bstes ès cerantes sb

geovkbrtbo bo ies prkabres rbpreùgterbs y hrndnèrbs `b use

èaëstkge `b `kstrkdugk÷o anskvn.

23 HBPKOE, Egtnvke. Ep. gkt. Vîh. >:/>;.28 HRPKËTTB\, Anrke. Ep. gkt. Vîhs. >62/>63.




:4

Iibhndn ni Vnrnhuny uo oubve ab`ke qub sb kostni÷ y cub

grbgkboè `b n pege bxpno`kboè su rn`ke `b nggk÷o per teè

bi pnás, brn bi vk`be. Bsb ab`ke vksuni tno rkge qub prepergkeo÷ùrnotb teè bstb tkbape uo oubve auoè `b cnotnsáns y

n`binotes geo gn`n gnssbttb qub sb kotreùgán bo bsb

oevbèse npnrnte y qub rbpreùgán ins kaîhbobs bo in

pnotniin `bi tbibvkser gnsbre. Ron bstngk÷o `b tbibvksk÷o

pbrseoni qub sb in pe`án utkikznr n guniqukbr jern `bi `án qub ni

prkogkpke sb geovkrtk÷ bo jeddy, iubhe bo pnsk÷o, obgbsk`n` y

ckoniabotb bo trndnle. Ies hbokes `b in bibgtr÷okgn sb ndegnreo

n in tnrbn `b iehrnr uokr in anhkn `bi gkob geo in cngkik`n` `bivk`be y cub boteogbs gunoè surhk÷ in gîanrn `b vk`be. Brn

geae in cetehrncán, pbre tboán aevkakbote, seokè y pe`án

geovbrtkr bo gnabrnano, `krbgter, hukeokstn e ngter n

guniqukbrn qub supkbrn utkikznrin dîskgnabotb. Ies grbntkves

geaboznreo n gnptnr kaîhbobs y hunr`nrins bo gnssbttbs,

erkhkonoè nsá in vk`behrncán ongkeoni.

Bi vk`be sb kotreùgb cîgkiabotb geae koùstrkn `bspinznoè ni

gkob per ins vbotnlns qub tkbob geae in ùrngk÷o `b in gkotn, in

peskdkik`n` rbhrndnrin y bi gepknè brn tëgokgnabotb skapib y

dnrnte. Bi cngter bgeo÷akge cub bi aîs `btbrakonotb< hrndnr bo

vk`be brn bvk`botbabotb aîs dnrnte qub ckianr bo gkob. Bsb

cngter bgeo÷akge suanè ni `b in oevb`n` jkze qub bi vk`be

bo ies :6 sbn oetkgkn= preikcbrbo ies vk`be-giudbs pnrn bi niqukibr

`b pbiáguins, sb rbnikgbo ies cbstkvnibs `b vk`be, sb b`ktbo ins

prkabrns rbvkstns bspbgknikzn`ns bo bi tban, qub bo ies `knrkesjnyn uon sbggk÷o `b rbgeabo`nès b kogiuskvb sb grbbo

bspngkes `botre `b ies prehrnans `b PS pnrn in `kcusk÷o `b

gertes. Wko badnrhe, n pbsnr `bi hrno aevkakbote `bi vk`be,

ëstb oe iibh÷ n geovbrtkrsb bo koùstrkn.




:7

In bxgbpgk÷o ‗y ie aîs pnrbgkè n koùstrkn qub bstuve- cub su

rei, bgeo÷akgnabotb kobvktndib, bo in pudikgk`n` nu`kevksuni

èo`b skbtb preùgterns egupndno bi abrgnè `b inprehrnangk÷o pudikgktnrkn tbibvkskvn ùrnotb bi :;. Bs

kapertnotb abogkeonr bstn rbnik`n`, perqub nihuoes

pudikgktnrkes jno preaevkè bi vk`be geo uon rngkeonik`n`

geauokgngkeoni nitbrontkvn b kooevnèrn.

@b khuni aeè jny nihuoes rbnikznèrbs qub jno preùgkè

prehrnans pnrn gkrguktes nitbrontkves b kogiuse baksk÷o

tbibvkskvn. Bvbotes `b kotbrës bo ies trbs üitkaes nþes jno skè

ies cbstkvnibs `b vk`be rbnikznès per bi Gbotre Guiturni `b

Bspnþn ’Luno `b Wninznr‑ y ies gurses-tniibrbs bo cerante SJW

qub sb rbnikzndno bo uo geibhke `b in Khibskn Gnt÷ikgn. Pnadkëo

bs `bstngndib in kokgkntkvn `b gepreùgkr botrb kostktugkeobs

pnrnhunyns y preùgterns geo anyer bxpbrkbogkn precbskeoni

`b etres pnásbs geae per blbapie bi trndnle qub bo >;:;

rbnikz÷ in preùgtern gjkibon ’Vregbse‑ bo Nsuogk÷o.2:

Bo >;;7 sb rbnikz÷ bo bi Vningke `b Hedkbroe, npeynè per in@krbggk÷o `b Kocerangkeobs y Guiturn `b in Vrbsk`bogkn `b in

Tbpüdikgn, uo geogurse `b vk`bes ongkeonibs sedrb bi tban<

’Bi pnás qub ye qukbre‑. Aîs `b gkogubotn preùggkeobs `b

teè bi pnás geapktkbreo geo prbakes oetndibs, `blnoè nsá in

drbgjn ndkbrtn pnrn qub preùgterbs y erhnokznèrbs

preaevkbrno bi nrtb vksuni bo cerante vk`be.

CBWPKSNIBW @B SK@BEW [ ’ OBX ANHN\KOB SK@BE TBSKWPN‑

N ckonibs `b in `ëgn`n `b ies 86 geaboznreo n iibhnr ni pnás

uoes npnrntes boerabs `b vk`be, ies DBPNGNA, brn bi kokgke

2: HRPKËTTB\, Anrke. Ep. gkt. Vîhs. >62->63.




:0

`b in ckbdrb `bi vk`be kotbrongkeoni bo bi Vnrnhuny. Gkoge nþes

aîs tnr`b sb kokgknrán uo preybgte pbrseoni `b B`wnr` Dehnè

y Borkqub Anrkok, `boeakonè ’Obw Anhnzkob Sk`be Tbvkstn‑.

Bo bi nþe :3 surhb in prkabrn rbvkstn `bi aevkakbote `b vk`be

bo Vnrnhuny. Wb trntndn `b uon rbvkstn abosuni qub geotboán

nrtáguies tëgokges tbaîtkges, kocerangkeobs sedrb vk`begiudbs

y grktkgns `b pbiáguins. Wurhk÷ dîskgnabotb pnrn koceranr

ngbrgn `b ies oubves inoznakbotes (oubves tátuies) `b ins

prkabrns `kstrkdukèrns `b vk`bes bo bi pnás, npnrtb `b gkbrtns

oetkgkns sedrb nihüo qub etre aevkakbote `b vk`be geae bi

aksae cbstkvni qub iubhe erhnokznrán.2;

Bo bi tbrgbr oüabre, sb geaboz÷ n vksiuadrnrsb in k`bn `b uon

vk`betbgn ongkeoni, geo vk`behrncán iegni, bo hëobres geae

ckggk÷o, `rnan, akteiehán y etres. In kociubogkn `b ëstns pîhkons

ndrkbreo n in segkb`n` pnrnhunyn uon peskdkik`n` `b bxpeobr e

aestrnr sus preùggkeobs y geaboznreo n surhkr rbnikzngkeobs

ongkeonibs `b in anoe `b Luno Gnries Anobhikn, Gnries

’Vntnpkin‑ Heozîibz Druo, Anrgbie Anrtkobssk y etres.36

Vnrn B`wnr` Dehnè bi `bdntb sb jndán kokgknè y in

peskdkik`n` `b edtbobr vk`bes gnsbres e preùggkeobs `b dnle

geste, sbhüo ëi, brno bo bsb boteogbs uon rbnik`n`. ’N`baîs,

bi botusknsae per aestrnr y geapbtkr bibv÷ bi okvbi `b ins

preùggkeobs, `noè geae sniè nihuons rbnikzngkeobs auy

dubons‑.

Bi Gbotre Guiturni `b Bspnþn ’Luno `b Wninznr‑ erhnokz÷ bi

Vrkabr Cbstkvni `b Sk`bes bo anye `bi :8 geo kokhunindib ëxkte

2; Botrbvkstn n Luno Gnries Anobhikn rbnikzn`n bo luoke `bi 4666.36 Antbrkni prepergkeonè per B`wnr` L. Dehnè




:2

pnrn in ëpegn. Cub bi prkabr bvbote qub geogbotr÷ n vk`bnstns

`bi pnás. Iubhe bo oevkbadrb `bi aksae nþe, in rbvkstn Obw

Anhnzkob iibv÷ n gnde bo bi Pbntre `b ins Naërkgns `bi GbotreGuiturni Vnrnhunye Nabrkgnoe bi Vrkabr Gbrtnabo Ongkeoni `b

Sk`bes `bi Vnrnhuny, qub yn brn geapbtktkve, geo trecbes

`bstkonès n ies `kstkotes rudres< `krbggk÷o, `krbggk÷o `b

cetehrncán, aeotnlb, ngterbs, botrb etres. Bi cbstkvni geae

aubstrn sb skhuk÷ rbnikznoè per 7 nþes geosbgutkves.

Luno Gnries Anobhikn rbgubr`n qub ’Bi cbstkvni bo sus kokgkes

oe tboán gnrîgtbr "geapbtktkve" y okohuon rbstrkggk÷o `b

cerante, hëobre e ùrngk÷o. In geovegnterkn sb rbnikzndn per

prbosn bsgrktn ès e trbs absbs notbs `bi cbstkvni y teès ies

vk`bes prbsbotnès botrndno bo uon prb-sbibggk÷o guyns

sbibggkeobs brno erhnokzn`ns ùrnotb trbs `áns geotkoues bo

uo bvbote gn`n `án‑.

B`wnr` Dehnè bogeotr÷ qub ies cbstkvnibs y bi geogurse

aetkvnreo n ies nuterbs n pbosnr bo hukeobs, bo bstu`knr

tëgokgns `b gnik`n` y edtbobr bqukpes pnrn sus preùggkeobsgnsbrns. Nskaksae geabotn, qub sb kokgknreo gurses `b

bstu`ke bo bi hëobre ckggk÷o y etres qub kociubogknráno iubhe

pesktkvnabotb ni sbgter.

Vnrn Anobhikn, ès cureo ies cngterbs qub pbraktkbreo bi ëxkte

`bi Vrkabr Cbstkvni `b Sk`be< bi prkabre cub in npnrkgk÷o `bi

vk`be geae oubvn jbrrnakbotn `b bxprbsk÷o. Ron oevb`n`

qub iinandn in ntbogk÷o y hbobrndn kotbrës bo ies ab`kesanskves. Bi sbhuoè< bi ’Luno `b Wninznr‑ brn bi prkabr Gbotre

Guiturni qub tboán in peskdkik`n` tëgokgn `b preybgtnr ies vk`bes

bo pnotniin hkhnotb, `b guniqukbr cerante e oeran, e sbn, sb




:3

geotndn geo in cngkik`n` `bi vk`be y ins `kaboskeobs `b

preybggk÷o `bi gkob.

B`wnr` L. Dehnè bo bi prehrnan `bi ’Vrkabr Gbrtnabo

Ongkeoni `b Sk`bes `bi Vnrnhuny‑, rbnikznè bo bi Pbntre `b

ins Naërkgns `bi Gbotre Guiturni Vnrnhunye Nabrkgnoe, `bi 47

ni 42 `b oevkbadrb `b >;:8 rbnikz÷ uon kotreùggk÷o qub sb

trnosgrkdb n geotkoungk÷o ’Obw Anhnzkob, in prkabrn rbvkstn `b

vk`be bspbgknikzn`n `bi pnás, cub grbgkboè jnstn qub sb `ke

gubotn `b qub in vk`behrncán ongkeoni brn in epgk÷o pnrn uo

pnás qub tboán akibs `b jksterkns vksunibs pnrn geotnr, pbre qub

sbogkiinabotb oe pe`án per bi seie jbgje `b oe pe`br pnhnr,

akiieobs `b `÷inrbs bo gbiuiek`b. W÷ie cnitndn bi kokgke y Obw

Anhnzkob sb egup÷ `b uokr ins cubrzns `b teès nqubiies qub

grbybreo bo in prepubstn y jey, uo 47 `b oevkbadrb `b >;:8

bstnaes geovbogkès qub ie iehrnaes. Jbaes `nè bi kokgke n

uo cuture iiboe `b preabsns, pbre sedrbteè `b bspbrnozns.‑

N pbsnr `b oe tbobr uon geotkouk`n` bses cbstkvnibs, Anobhikn

rbger`÷ qub bo in `ëgn`n `b ies :6 sb erhnokz÷ uon aubstrn`b ies vk`bes hnonèrbs qub rbgerrk÷ `kstkotes gkrguktes

nitbrontkves geae per blbapie bi gkrgukte gbrrnè `b in Pbrakoni

`b ×aokdus `b Nsuogk÷o.

>. IEW TBNIK\N@ETBW [ TBNIK\NGKEOBW @B GKOB BO IN@BGN@N @B IEW :6

Bo in `ëgn`n `bi :6, geo in botrn`n `bi vk`be bi gkob sb vb

ncbgtnè geo in bsgnsn preùggk÷o. Bo bstn `ëgn`n sb `n bi

cbo÷aboe qub Niblno`re Wgksgkeik 3> iinan "hbobrngk÷o

3> WGKWGKEIK, Niblno`re. Ep. gkt. Vîhs.< >4;/>73.




:8

kotbrab`kn", kotbhrn`n per ies rbnikznèrbs `b gkob pnrnhunyes

qub `blnreo (tbaperniabotb sbhüo sus nspkrngkeobs) ni gkob

per bi vk`be. Botrb ies qub sb `bstngno `botre `b bsn gnan`nsb pub`b gktnr n Gnries Wnhukbr, Tny Nrabib, Juhe Hnanrrn y

Hukiibrae Sbrn (nuoqub ëstb üitkae gnsk oe rbnikz÷ vk`bes).

Bo in iáobn nantbur, Hrbherke I÷pbz Hrbooe jkze `kvbrses

trndnles bo süpbr : sedrb in guiturn pnrnhunyn, botrb ies qub

sb pub`bo gktnr<

"Kanhkobres" (>;:6)= sedrb ins edrns `bi snotbre

Te`ráhubz.

"@b dnrre y ckdrn `b gege" (>;:>)< ngbrgn `b iesnrtbsnoes `b in Geapnþán 4> `b luike `b in gku`n` `bPedntá.

"Vnuin Wîogjbz, gbrnakstn" (>;:4)< `b`kgn`n n innrtbsnon `bi aksae oeadrb, `b Nrbhun.

"Veogje `b 36 ikstns" (>;:7)< sedrb in geocbggk÷o `bitrn`kgkeoni vbstkè `bi anrksgni Crnogksge Weinoe I÷pbz.

Bo >;:> Hukiibrae Sbrn y In`ksinè Heozîibz ckiano

"Mnpnohn" geo in ge`krbggk÷o `bi drnskibþe Nhboer Nivbs. Bstn

pbiáguin sb tktui÷ bo Drnski "Gncbtkon `b abokons vkrhbos", qub

trntn `b in vk`n `b ies abosübs bo ies ybrdnibs `bi

`bpnrtnabote `b Nite Vnrnoî. Nskaksae, per bsb tkbape sb

ckian "In pnotbrn `bsou`n", tnadkëo `b preùggk÷o drnskibrn y

gertb peroehrîckge.

"Bi `bsbe `bi Vkhanik÷o" (>;:6), gerte `b ckggk÷o `b >3 aa cub

in tbsks geo in qub Juhe Hnanrrn Btgjbvbrry sb rbgkdk÷ `b




::

Anstbr bo Ckia-PS `bi Wgjeei ec Geauokgntkeos bo bi

Rokvbrskty ec Pbxns nt Nustko, B.B.R.R. (>;8:->;:6).

Iubhe `b sus bstu`kes `b gkobantehrncán bo ies Bstnès

Rokès Juhe Hnanrrn vubivb n Nsuogk÷o. @b >;:> n >;:7

ckian "Vbrbhrkongk÷o n Gnngupë" geo in preùggk÷o blbgutkvn `b

Ouoy Abzn. "Vbrbhrkongk÷o n Gnngupë" bs uo ab`keabtrnlb

èguabotni sedrb ies gnakonotbs qub vno ni snotunrke `b in

vkrhbo `b Gnngupë gn`n : `b `kgkbadrb. Wb jkze bo >3 aa y

gubotn geo ès vbrskeobs, uon bo gnstbiinoe, `b :6', y etrn bo

kohiës, `b 20'.

Gnsk ni aksae tkbape, jngkn >;:4, surhb uon gepreùggk÷o geo

Bspnþn tktuin`n "Pupnsy Gnngupë", dnle in `krbggk÷o `b Lesë

Anoubi H÷abz y Aëo`bz. In ngtrkz prkogkpni brn Tesn

Wunosbz. Pb÷rkgnabotb, ies rbnikznèrbs vkokbreo `b Bspnþn

pnrn jngbr ès pbiáguins ngbrgn `b Gnngupë, pbre sb jkgkbreo

bo pnrnibie ès ckiabs peroehrîckges bo in gku`n` `b Wno

Dbronr`koe, uoe `b biies tktuinè "Skgkes `b aulbr", geo aüskgn

`b Gnste @nráe Anrtáobz.

"Es gerrupterbs `n creotbrn", preùggk÷o nrhbotkoe drnskibrn

geo in `krbggk÷o `b Pbe Meccano cub etrn `b ins pbiáguins

peroehrîckgns ckian`n bo oubstre pnás.

Nihuoes kotbotes cniikès `b preùggkeobs cubreo "\nan" -`bi

rbnikznèr nrhbotkoe Okgeiîs Wnrquks, qukbo bapbz÷ n ckianr

pbre oe tbrako÷- y "Dequbr÷o", `b Hukiibrae Sbrn, qub ok

skqukbrn sb bapbz÷ n ckianr.

Ies jbranoes Hnikn y Nuhuste Hkaëobz seo etres

precbskeonibs ceranès bo bi bxtbrker. Biies cubreo n Tuskn n




:;

bstu`knr `krbggk÷o bo bi Kostktute `b Gkob `b Aesgü. Botrb

nades rbnikznreo ouabreses trndnles bxpbrkabotnibs geae

pnrtb `b su cerangk÷o nrtástkgn, akbotrns brno bstu`knotbs.Hnikn kogiuse iibh÷ n rbnikznr bxpbrkbogkns bo 86 akiáabtres,

skboè su üitkae trndnle uo inrheabtrnlb `b 36 akoutes sedrb

ies rbháabobs `kgtnterknibs `b Naërkgn Intkon, èdinè ni

gnstbiinoe pnrn in Aesgückias. Nuhuste Hkaëobz, per su pnrtb

tkbob bsgrktes bo Tuskn 76 hukeobs, `b ies gunibs >4 cubreo

ckianès bo bi Kostktute `b Gkob `b Aesgü.

Etre gnse `bstngndib bs bi `b Iuks Gnsge Vnob, qukbo bstu`k÷

gkob bo G÷rèdn y Nsuogk÷o. Gnsge Vnob prbsbot÷ geae tbsks

pnrn rbgkdkrsb geae èguabotnikstn y `krbgter `b gkob bo in

Rokvbrsk`n` Ongkeoni `b G÷rèdn, bi gerte `b >2 akoutes ’Bi

rbdetb‑. Etres trndnles rbnikznès cubreo ’Anþnon aáe‑, ckiab

bxpbrkabotni `b : akoutes sko nrhuabote ckianè bo G÷rèdn y

’Ies subhres `b ak vk`n‑ `b >4 akoutes rbnikznè bo Nsuogk÷o

bo >3 y : akiáabtres, geo preybggk÷o skauitnobn bo ès

pnotniins. Iuks Gnsge Vnob pesbb tnadkëo uo gunrte

gerteabtrnlb y uo inrheabtrnlb bo >3 aa, nades kogeogiuses.

VNTNHRN[ SKWPE @BW@B NCRBTN

Niblno`re Wgksgkeik bo ies cnsgáguies geibggkeondibs `bi `knrke Bi

@án Gkob ni `án. Ron aeoehrncán `bi sëptkae nrtb, rbgubr`n

qub jude tnadkëo rbnikzngkeobs gkobantehrîckgns `b

preùggk÷o bxtrnolbrn qub sb dnsnreo bo jksterkns e jbgjes

ongkeonibs geae bs bi gnse `b<

"Oegjbs pnrnhunyns" (>;:4, drnskibrn), dnle in `krbggk÷o `b

Niuyske Tnuikoe, qub trntn `b in jksterkn `b Tesnon, qukbo ni




;6

geoegbr n uo aüskge ndnoèon Nsuogk÷o y vn pnrn Wno Vndie,

Drnski, èo`b pnsn augjns pbrkpbgkns.

"Hubrrn è Drnski" (>;:8, drnskibrn) dnle in `krbggk÷o `b Wkivke

Dngm, bs uon abzgin `b ckggk÷o y èguabotni, aubstrn in

vbrsk÷o `b in geotkbo`n `bi vbogbèr y `bi vbogkè `bspuës `b

in Hubrrn `b in Prkpib Niknozn.




;>

Gnpátuie 7

ANTGEABPE@EIEHKGEBo bstb gnpátuie sb bxpikgn in abteèiehán `b in kovbstkhngk÷o. Ndnrgn in

pedingk÷o n in qub sb ib rbnikzno ins botrbvkstns, perquë sb bikhk÷ n bsb

hrupe `b rbnikznèrbs, uo drbvb gurráguie `b gn`n uoe `b biies, ins

prbhuotns qub kotbhrno ins botrbvkstns, in ceran `b bocegnr y pregb`br

geo ins aksans pnrn su pestbrker noîiksks.




;4

>. VTEGB@KAKBOPE @B IN KOSBWPKHNGK×O

>. ABPE@EIEHÁN @B PTNDNLE

@bs`b uo prkogkpke, bi hrupe kovbstkhnèr sb kotbrbs÷ bo bi

tban `b ies ’vk`bes `b ckggk÷o bo ies :6‑ perqub oe jny uon

rbcbrbogkn bsgrktn erhnokzn`n y aboes sedrb bstn btnpn. N bste

sb suan qub oe bxkstb uo Kostktute Ongkeoni `bi Gkob e uon

Gkobantbgn Ongkeoni, uon Iby `b Nu`kevksuni e uon pnrtb `bi

Nrgjkve Ongkeoni `b`kgn`n n rbshunr`nr y geosbrvnr pbiáguins

y vk`bes `b preùggk÷o pnrnhunyn.

Wb obgbsktndn kokgknr geo uon èguabotngk÷o nu`kevksuni

sedrb in guni sestbobr in kovbstkhngk÷o y npertnr uo antbrkni

bsgrkte qub `b uon vksk÷o, ie aîs ngbrtn`n peskdib, `b in

sktungk÷o `bi nu`kevksuni pnrnhunye bo uon ëpegn ginvb geae

bs in `ëgn`n `b ies :6, èo`b cierbgb in koùstrkn `bi vk`be geo

ies cbstkvnibs `b vk`be y surhb uon oubvn gnan`n `b

rbnikznèrbs.

Notb in nusbogkn `b bstb nrgjkve, surhb geae üokgn epgk÷o

pnrn bi trndnle `b gnape in rbnikzngk÷o `b bogubstns `krkhk`ns

n rbnikznèrbs (koceranotbs ginvbs) qub tuvkbreo geotkouk`n` bo

in rbnikzngk÷o `b vk`bes `b ckggk÷o bo in `ëgn`n `b ies :6.

4. VEDINGK×O

Wb bikhkbreo n gkoge rbnikznèrbs qub cubreo sbibggkeonès per

sbr precbskeonibs qub jkgkbreo ins prkabrns ckggkeobs bo vk`bebo ies :6 y qub bo su anyerán sbhuáno vkoguinès ni tban.

Biies seo< Tny Nrabib, Anoubi Gubogn, Dbronrè

Ksangjevkbz, Juhe Hnanrrn y Luno Gnries Anobhikn.




;7

Geosk`brnoè qub bstb üitkae bs uoe `b ies kotbhrnotbs `bi

hrupe kovbstkhnèr, sb `bskho÷ uon tbrgbrn pbrseon pnrn qub

rbnikgb in bogubstn n cko `b edtbobr in anyer edlbtkvk`n`peskdib.

N geotkoungk÷o sb bxpeob uo drbvb gurráguie `b ies

botrbvkstnès.

TN[ NTABIB (T.N.)

Bhrbsnè `b in gnrrbrn `b Gkbogkns `b in Geauokgngk÷o `b in

Rokvbrsk`n` Gnt÷ikgn `b Nsuogk÷o ùrnotb in `krbggk÷o `bipn`rb Lbsüs Aeotbre Pkrnè bo bi `bpnrtnabote `b

Geauokgngk÷o, èo`b rbnikz÷ trndnles bo süpbr :. Wb

bspbgknikz÷ bo gbotres `b gkobantehrncán y tbibvksk÷o `b

Crnogkn, Bspnþn b Kohintbrrn.

Jn rbnikznè vnrkes gerteabtrnlbs bo vk`be y `krkhkè

prehrnans `b tbibvksk÷o, nsá geae tnadkëo, pnrtkgkp÷ geae

gepreùgter bo ies ès inrheabtrnlbs gkobantehrîckges

ckianès rbgkbotbabotb bo Vnrnhuny< "Akss Nabrkhuî" y "Bi

tequb `bi edeb". Bo ies `knrkes Oetkgkns y In Ongk÷o sb

`bsbapbþn geae geabotnrkstn `b gkob y tbntre. @bs`b >;;8,

bs bi bognrhnè `bi Dnoge `b Kanhbo y Weokè `b in

Sk`betbgn `bi Gbotre Guiturni `b in Gku`n` bo in Anoznon `b

in Tkvbrn `bpbo`kbotb `b in Auokgkpnik`n` `b Nsuogk÷o. Bs

cuo`nèr `bi KVNG y segke cuo`nèr y prkabr prbsk`botb `b in

Erhnokzngk÷o `b Vrecbskeonibs `bi Nu`kevksuni Vnrnhunye

(EVTNV) b kotbhrnotb `b in Gîanrn `b Baprbsns Vreùgterns

`b Gkob y PS. Blbrgb in ègbogkn bo gîtb`rns vkoguin`ns ni

ab`ke nu`kevksuni, bo vnrkns kostktugkeobs bùgntkvns.




;0

ANORBI GRBOGN (A.G.)

Bhrbsnè `b in gnrrbrn `b Gkbogkns `b in Geauokgngk÷o `b in

Rokvbrsk`n` Gnt÷ikgn `b Nsuogk÷o ùrnotb in `krbggk÷o `bi

pn`rb Lbsüs Aeotbre Pkrnè bo bi `bpnrtnabote `b

Geauokgngk÷o, èo`b rbnikz÷ trndnles bo süpbr :. Tbnikz÷

tniibrbs `b tátbrbs bo Aksk÷o `b Nakstn` èo`b `bsnrreii÷ bi

ibohunlb nu`kevksuni geae bstrugturn bo bi rbinte `b ins

jksterkns. @b >;3: n >;;0 sb `bsbapbþ÷ geae ngter `b tbntre

bo bi Hrupe Bosnadib, Nribquáo Pbntre y Hrupe Mnanohî.

@bs`b >;:2 rbnikzn vk`bes `b ckggk÷o y èguabotnibs

ckggkeonès geae `krbgter e preùgter. Ngtuniabotb bs

rbpertbre `bi oetkgkbre "40 Jerns", preùgter y prbsbotnèr `bi

prehrnan `b ies sîdnès "40 Jerns Anhnzkob" `bi gnoni ;

Wkstban Ongkeoni `b Pbibvksk÷o.

JRHE HNANTTN (J.H.)

Bo bi 82 Juhe Hnanrrn Btgjbvbrry kokgkn sus bstu`kes

uokvbrsktnrkes bo bi Mbot Wtntb Rokvbrskty `b Ejke (BB.RR.)èo`b edtkbob in Ikgbogknturn bo Cetepbrke`ksae `b in

Cnguitn` `b Vbrke`ksae bo >;8: y bstu`kn Gkob, Nrtb y

Iktbrnturn.

Ies bstu`kes `b Gkob, Nrtb y Iktbrnturn aetkvnreo n Hnanrrn

Btgjbvbrry n gursnr bo in Rokvbrsk`n` `b Nustko bo Pbxns

(LRI.) y rbgkdkrsb `b Anstbr bo Ckia-PS `b in Wgjeei ec

Geaauokgntkeos `b >;8: n >;:6. N pnrtkr `b njá geotkoün su

bspbgknikzngk÷o geo uo sbakonrke sedrb Pëgokgns

gkobantehrîckgns bo bi use `b vk`be gîanrns (@niins, Pbxns,

LRI. - >;:>), etre sedrb Pëgokgns `b rbnikzngk÷o

gkobantehrîckgn (Jeiiywee`, Gnikcerokn, LRI. - >;:>), uo Pniibr




;2

Bxpbrkabotni pnrn L÷vbobs Hukeokstns `kgtnè per Hndrkbi

Hnrgán Aîrqubz (Wno Noteoke `b ies Dnþes, Gudn - >;;>) y uo

sbakonrke-tniibr sedrb Bibabotes `b preùggk÷o y rbnikzngk÷opnrn abler geabrgknikzngk÷o `b pbiáguins èguabotnibs (ûkte,

Bgunèr - >;;;).

Wb jn `bsbapbþnè geae precbser `b Geauokgngk÷o

Nu`kevksuni, Kotbrpbrseoni y Oe-Sbrdni, y Gkobantehrncán bo in

Rokvbrsk`n` `bi Oertb (>;;>/;4) y Nabrkgnon (>;;:/;;).

Tbnikzn grátkgns sedrb pbiáguins bo bstrboe, vk`bes e cbstkvnibs

bo ies `knrkes Ritkan Jern y Oetkgkns. Bs prepkbtnrke y `krbgter

blbgutkve `b Nrn Ckias Vreùggkeobs, cuo`nèr y `krbgter `b in

botk`n` sko ckobs `b iugre `b`kgn`n n in `kcusk÷o y prbsbrvngk÷o

`b ckiabs y antbrknibs nckobs n in koùstrkn y bi nrtb

gkobantehrîckge, Cuo`ngk÷o Gkobantbgn y Nrgjkve Sksuni `bi

Vnrnhuny. Bs cuo`nèr y `krbgter `bi Cbstkvni Gkobantehrîckge

Kotbrongkeoni `b Nsuogk÷o.

DBTONT@E KWANGJESKB\ (D.K.)

Bs nrquktbgte, rbstnurnèr y nrtkstn piîstkge. @bs`b auy levbo

jn rbgerrkè ies prkogkpnibs gbotres `b preùggk÷o tbntrni,

epbrástkges y `b `nozns, kotbrkerkzîoèsb bo ins `kcbrbotbs

prepubstns `b ins üitkans `ëgn`ns. Jn preùgkè vk`bes

nrtástkges qub jno skè prbaknès bo oubstre pnás y bo bi

bxtbrker, nsá tnadkëo geae in edrn tbntrni ’Geovk`nès n vkvkr‑.

Tbgkbotbabotb rbnikz÷ bi `ksbþe `b vbstunrke y bsgboehrncán

`b in gerbehrncán ’Tyhunsu Memerb‑ `b Crnogksge Gnrdniie `bi

bspbgtîguie ’Pbtnhun Wnpumnk‑ `bi Dniibt Giîskge y Ae`broe

Auokgkpni.




;3

LRNO GNTIEW ANOBHIKN (L.G.A.)

Bhrbsnè `b in Cnguitn` `b Ckiesecán bo Gkbogkns `b in

Geauokgngk÷o `b in Rokvbrsk`n` Gnt÷ikgn Oubstrn Wbþern `b in

Nsuogk÷o. @urnotb gntergb nþes trndnl÷ bo Vino @bok Vnrnhuny

(Vino `b in Bùgngk÷o Nu`kevksuni), cuo`nè per in

Erhnokzngk÷o Gnt÷ikgn Kotbrongkeoni `b Gkob, n trnvës `bi guni

sb `bsbapbþ÷ per aîs `b egje nþes geae precbser `bi Gkob

Giud Kocnotki `bi Grkste Tby. In ROBWGE ie dbg÷ n vnrkns

pnsnotáns bo preùgterns `b vk`bes nitbrontkves bo Bgunèr,

Deikvkn y Vbrü. Pnadkëo cub dbgnè n tniibrbs gertes bo in

’Bsgubin Kotbrongkeoni `b Gkob y PS‑ bo Wno Noteoke `b ies

Dnþes, Gudn.

Cub precbser `b nu`kevksunibs bo in Rokvbrsk`n` Gnt÷ikgn `b

Nsuogk÷o bo in gnrrbrn `b Gkbogkns `b in Geauokgngk÷o

(>;;6/;4) y bo bi KVNG, bo in gnrrbrn `b Pbibvksk÷o (>;;>/;0).

Prndnl÷ geae `krbgter `b gîanrn bo rbnikzngkeobs `b PS,

geae grbntkve, rbnikznèr y b`kter bo aîs `b >26 gertes, bo

prehrnans `b PS, gnapnþns peiátkgns y vk`be gikps `b

gnotnotbs ongkeonibs.

Tbgkbotbabotb cub dbgnè oubvnabotb per in ROBWGE pnrn

uo Xermsjep kotboskve bo gkobantehrncán bo in prbstkhkesn

Obw [erm Ckia Ngn`bay `b Oubvn [erm, BB.RR.

@bs`b >;;3 bs segke-prepkbtnrke `b Anobhikn Wgjëaderk

Tbnikznèrbs èo`b sb `b`kgn ngtuniabotb bo grbngkeobs `bnu`kevksunibs geabrgknibs, bùgntkves, gerteabtrnlbs y

hukeobs `b inrhe y gerteabtrnlbs




;8

7. BINDETNGK×O @B GRBWPKEONTKE HRÁN

Vnrn in sbibggk÷o `b ins prbhuotns, sb jkze uon prkabrn

botrbvkstn n uoe `b ies rbnikznèrbs sko bsquban bspbgáckge.In aksan skrvk÷ `b ’iiuvkn `b k`bns‑ pnrn in bstrugturngk÷o `b in

botrbvkstn qub `bdán geotnr geo prbhuotns qub peskdkiktnrno

geosbhukr in anyer kocerangk÷o peskdib. Bsn ’iiuvkn `b k`bns‑

pbraktk÷ vbr tnadkëo qub oe s÷ie ies rbnikznèrbs seo

bibabotes kapertnotbs bo in kovbstkhngk÷o, surhkboè nsá etres

geae pbrke`kstns, bùgnèrbs, aevkakbotes guiturnibs, btg.

qub ngeapnþnreo y bo nihuoes gnses certnibgkbreo bi

`bsnrreiie `b in ckggk÷o bo Vnrnhuny.

Wb rbbstrugtur÷ boteogbs bi bstu`ke `b gnape bo ès tkpes `b

botrbvkstns< uon dnsb `krkhk`n n ies rbnikznèrbs geo uo aksae

bsquban `b prbhuotns e bogubstn prb`btbrakon`n y etrn

bspbgáckgn, qub oe skhuk÷ uo bsquban hbobrni skoe qub tboán

`b ès n trbs prbhuotns bspbgáckgns pnrn gn`n botrbvkstnè.

Wb bikhk÷ n bstns pbrseons< Lbsüs Aeotbre Pkrnè (Bùgnèr,

@krbgter `bi Gkobgiud Vnrnhuny bo in `ëgn`n `b ies 86 y :6),

Lbsüs Tukz Obstesn (Vbrke`kstn `b Nrtbs y Bspbgtîguies `bi

`knrke NDG Geier), Anrkiyo Angkbi (Ngtrkz) y B`wnr` Dehnè

(Vbrke`kstn, cuo`nèr `b in prkabrn rbvkstn sedrb vk`be bo

Vnrnhuny)= per sbr pnrtb `bi ’auoè `bi vk`be‑ bo in `ëgn`n `b

ies :6. Wko ù`n biies npertnreo `ntes kapertnotbs y

bsginrbgbèrbs n trnvës `b sus trndnles ùrnotb bsn ëpegn y

`kbreo uon vksk÷o ’`bs`b ncubrn‑ `bi aevkakbote vk`bástkge

pnrnhunye.

Bi edlbtkve prkogkpni `bi gubstkeonrke bs tbobr uo er`bo

greoei÷hkge y edlbtkve, tnote `b in kovbstkhngk÷o geae `b in




;:

rbgepkingk÷o `b ies trndnles `b ckggk÷o rbnikznès bo in `ëgn`n

`bi :6.

N pnrtkr `b bsb edlbtkve prkogkpni sb dusgn tnadkëo gerredernr

sk bi trndnle `b ckggk÷o `b bstes rbnikznèrbs tuve nihüo tkpe `b

kociubogkn `bi aevkakbote gkobantehrîckge qub ibs notbgb`k÷.

@b njá surhb in peskdkik`n` `b geocreotnr bi gkob y bi vk`be, y

geaprednr sk ëstb üitkae surhb geae uon nitbrontkvn aîs

cngtkdib per ies dnles gestes e oe. Bi üitkae edlbtkve `bi

gubstkeonrke bs `bsgudrkr quë vbjáguies peskdkiktnreo aestrnr

ies trndnles y in geotkouk`n` `b ies aksaes.

@KABOWKEOBW VNTN BI NOÎIKWKW

Vnrn `kaboskeonr abler bi noîiksks, sb sbibggkeonreo guntre

blbs, n sndbr<

Bi prkabr blb sb dnsn bo ins rbingkeobs, sk tuve bxpbrkbogkn bo

gkob y su kociubogkn bo bi vk`be. Bi tban bstî nder`nè bo ins

prbhuotns Ore> y 4.

Bi sbhuoè blb bs sedrb bi kokgke `bi aevkakbote `bi vk`be y su

`bsnrreiie. Geo ins prbhuotns Ore7, 0, 2 y 3., sb kotbotn sndbr in

cbgjn bo qub bi botrbvkstnè `bsgudrb ni vk`be y geae pbrgkdk÷

e vkvk÷ bsb trnspnse `b tbgoeiehán y ibohunlb.

Vnrn bi tbrgbre, in erhnokzngk÷o `b ins prbhuotns Ore8, : y >7

hkrn bo teroe ni npertb `bi vk`be (bo bspbgkni `b ies :6) y in

geotkouk`n` `b rbnikzngkeobs `b ies botrbvkstnès. Etre `nte

kapertnotb qub sb bohiedn `botre `b bstb blb, bs in kotbogk÷o

`b cutures preybgtes bo vk`bes.




;;

Bi gunrte y üitkae blb bs bi rbgubote `b ies trndnles `b ckggk÷o

`b ies :6. Geae kocerangk÷o n`kgkeoni y `b kapertnogkn sb

seikgkt÷ n trnvës `b ins prbhuotns O

re

>6 y >0 sedrb iescbstkvnibs ongkeonibs b kotbrongkeonibs bo ies qub pnrtkgkp÷ bi

rbnikznèr y geo in Ore>2 sk geoegán uo iuhnr `b `kcusk÷o,

iiîabsb vk`betbgn, nrgjkve nu`kevksuni, btg.

Wb geosk`brnreo ins prbhuotns Ore>> geae in aboes rbibvnotb

`b te`ns ins bindern`ns yn qub sus rbspubstns oe npertno n in

kovbstkhngk÷o. Wko badnrhe, in Ore>4 n pbsnr `b sbr `b hrno

kapertnogkn, okohuoe `b ies botrbvkstnès rbspeo`k÷

ginrnabotb, bxgbptunoè n Luno Gnries Anobhikn qub oeadr÷

n trbs rbnikznèrbs ongkeonibs (Gnries Wnhukbr, Tny Nrabib y

Anoubi Gubogn) geae pbrseons qub anrgnreo su prehrbse

grbntkve n`baîs `b ies `krbgterbs kotbrongkeonibs Drkno `b

Vnian y Vb`re Niae`÷vnr.

Vnrn uon abler bxpikgngk÷o sedrb bi er`bonakbote `bi

gubstkeonrke sedrb in dnsb `b ies guntre blbs tbaîtkges, n

geotkoungk÷o sb bxpeobo ins prbhuotns<

>. µPuve nihuon bxpbrkbogkn `b gkob5

4. µGeotrkduy÷ bo nihe bsn bxpbrkbogkn n su`bsboveivkakbote bo vk`be5

7. Ongb bi vk`be bo ies ':6 y sb `bsnrreii÷ µVer quë vk`be ygkob oe5

0. µVnrn ves bo qub nþe geaboz÷ bi aevkakbote `b vk`be5

2. µG÷ae y per quë bi vk`be tea÷ cubrzn bo bi pnás bo biaevkakbote `bi gkob5

3. µG÷ae pbrgkdk÷ bi trnspnse `b uo ibohunlb n etre5

8. Npertb qub `bln in ckggk÷o bo in `ëgn`n `b ies ':6 ncuturns hbobrngkeobs `b rbnikznèrbs.




>66

:. µSkvb ngtuniabotb `bi vk`be5

;. Sk`behrncán (ckggk÷o).

>6. Vrbakes e abogkeobs.

>>. µIibhnstb n usnr ni vk`be geae jeddy5

>4. µPuve nihuon kociubogkn `b `krbgterbs ongkeonibs ebxtrnolbres5

>7. Drbvb rbinte `b cutures preybgtes.

>0. Oeadrnr cbstkvnibs ongkeonibs qub rbgubr`nµVnrtkgkpnstb `b bses cbstkvnibs5

>2. µGeoegb nihuon vk`betbgn5




>6>

Gnpátuie 0

NOÎIKWKW @B INWBOPTBSKWPNWBstb gnpátuie bs bi noîiksks b kotbrprbtngk÷o `b ins botrbvkstns,

rbnikzn`ns n ies 2 rbnikznèrbs bibhkès sedrb bi kokgke `bi aevkakbote

`bi vk`be y su `bsnrreiie, bi rbgubote `b sus trndnles `b ckggk÷o

preùgkès, n`baîs `b ies èguabotnibs, prbakes edtbokès y

cbstkvnibs èo`b pnrtkgkpnreo. Pnadkëo sb rbnikz÷ uo rbgubote `b vk`bes

`b ckggk÷o `b etres rbnikznèrbs ùrnotb in `ëgn`n `bi :6. Bstb gnpátuie

bstî `kvk`kè bo ès pnrtbs< prkabrnabotb bo uo noîiksks pnrgkni `b ins

botrbvkstns, geapnrntkve per `kabosk÷o y ckoniabotb, uo noîiksks hbobrni

`b ins aksans, skstbantkznoè ies geabotnrkes y edsbrvngkeobs.




>64

>. NOÎIKWKW VNTGKNI @B INWBOPTBSKWPNW

Geae bi bstu`ke `b gnape sb bstrugtur÷ bo ès tkpes `b

botrbvkstns< uon dnsb geo guntre blbs dkbo `bckokès, `krkhk`n n

ies rbnikznèrbs geo uo aksae bsquban `b prbhuotns e

bogubstn prb`btbrakon`n y etrn bspbgáckgn, qub oe skhuk÷ uo

bsquban hbobrni skoe qub tboán `b ès n trbs prbhuotns

bspbgáckgns pnrn gn`n botrbvkstnè.

Bi bqukpe kovbstkhnèr `btbrakon rbnikznr uo noîiksks pnrgkni,

geapnrntkve botrb ies gkoge rbnikznèrbs, npikgnoè ins

edsbrvngkeobs `b ies etres botrbvkstnès y `bi aksae bqukpe n

ab`k`n qub surháno bibabotes `btbrakonotbs pnrn ins

geapnrngkeobs `b ies `kstkotes gnses.

Ver uon gubstk÷o `b prngtkgk`n` y uon vksk÷o hbobrni `b bstb

noîiksks pnrgkni, ins rbspubstns y edsbrvngkeobs sb `kspuskbreo

bo gun`res geapnrntkves, `b ngubrè n ies guntre blbs `b

oubstrn botrbvkstn dnsb.




>67

>. NOPBGB@BOPBWIn bxpbrkbogkn notbrker< bi gkob y su kociubogkn bo bi vk`be.

Tny Nrabib(T.N)

Anoubi Gubogn(A.G.)

Juhe Hnanrrn(J.H.)

DbronrèKsangjevkbz

(D.K.)

Luno GnriesAnobhikn(L.G.A.)

Wá, tuvebxpbrkbogkn bo bigkob n ckonibs `bies 86 y ab`knotbbse bapbz÷ ntrndnlnr bo vk`be.Bstn bxpbrkbogkn ib

`ke uon dnsb bo biibohunlb.

Wá, tuve bxpbrkbogknbo gkob n pnrtkr `bi82 e 83. Bstnbxpbrkbogkn ib `keuon dnsb bo biibohunlb.

Wá, tuvebxpbrkbogkn bogkob. Bstnbxpbrkbogkn ib`ke uon dnsb bobi ibohunlb.

Oe tuvebxpbrkbogkn bogkob.

Wá, tuvebxpbrkbogkn bogkob, n pnrtkr `bi8;. Bstnbxpbrkbogkn ib `keuon dnsb bo biibohunlb.

Edsbrvngk÷o Edsbrvngk÷o Edsbrvngk÷o Edsbrvngk÷o Edsbrvngk÷o

Prndnl÷ geoWnhukbr y Inrbs,ies ablerbs`krbgterbs b inëpegn `bi nuhbbgeo÷akge bKtnkpü.

Wb cera÷ bo bi`bpnrtnabote bGkbogkns `b inGeauokgngk÷o `bin RGN,bogndbznè perLbsüs Aeotbre,rbnikznoè trndnles

bo süpbr :. BoAksk÷o `b Nakstn` nprbo`k÷ bi`bsnrreiie biibohunlb nu`kevksuniy bi rbinte geaebstrugturn `b insjksterkns.

Wb cera÷ ytrndnl÷ bogkobantehrncánbo in uokvbrsk`n``b Pbxns boRWN.

Okohuon Wb cera÷ y trndnl÷bo bi Gkob Giud `bi Geibhke GrksteTby.




>60

Lbsüs Tukz Obstesn (L.T.O.)< ’@b rbpbotb oes prbhuotnaes geae jny gkob krnoá, per blbapie, pbrevkboè bi gkob krnoá `b jey bs bvk`botb qub tkbobo `btrîs uo sepertb tëgokge auy hrno`b qub ibs pbraktbjngbr gkob, uo gkob auy pedrb bo sbotkè `b preùggk÷o, pbre `b uon rkqubzn serprbo`botb per sugeotbokè. Vbre pub`bo jngbrie per bse, perqub tkbob sepertb tëgokge.‑

4. KOKGKE @BI AESKAKBOPE @B SK@BE [ WR @BWNTTEIIE.Bi bsgudrkakbote bi vk`be< nþe qub bi botrbvkstnè `bsgudrk÷ bi vk`be y pbrgbpgk÷o bitrnspnse `b tbgoeiehán y ibohunlb

T.N. A.G. J.H. D.K. L.G.A.

Bi vk`be `b kokgkn bo bi8;.Vbrgkdk÷ bo trnspnse

`b tbgoeiehán yibohunlb geae uopregbse rîpkè,cngkiktnè per bigeotrndnoè `b inbibgtr÷okgn y per bo`bbi cîgki nggbse n iesbqukpes `b vk`be.

Bi vk`be sb kokgkn boies :6 pbrgkdk÷ bi

pregbse `b trnspnse`b uo cerante n etregeae rbsuitnè buon gubstk÷obgeo÷akgn, bi 72aabrn gnre, bi SJW brnkoab`knte, dnrnte ycîgki `b utkikznr.

Bi vk`be `b kokgknbo ies :6. Vbrgkdk÷

bi trnspnse jngkn bivk`be geae uonnitbrontkvn notb inkapeskdkik`n`tëgokgn b koùstrkni`bi gkob, per inscngkik`n`bs bivk`be.Geostktuyëoèsbbo bi prkabrrbnikznèr qubvubign subxpbrkbogkngkobantehrîckgn bobi vk`be.

Bi vk`be `b kokgknab`knè `b ies :6.

Vbrgkdk÷ bitrnspnse `bi gkob nivk`be geae uocbo÷aboe onturniper bi tbanbgeo÷akge. Bi gkobbs gnre, y suguadbnotb in cnitn `bpeiátkgns guiturnibs.

Bi vk`be sb kokgknbo ies :6. Vbrgkdk÷

bi trnspnse `b uocerante n etregeae uonnggbskdkik`n`tëgokgn qub bivk`be pbraktán nisbr dnrnte. Pboánkoab`kntbz per iequb sb pe`ánoprednr gesns,bxpbrkabotnr geobi ibohunlb, incetehrncán, ieohktu``b in gkotn, tëgokgnqub bo bi gkob oebrn peskdib per sus

gestes y per su`kckguitn` tëgokgn<rbvbinè y aeotnlb

Edsbrvngk÷o Edsbrvngk÷o Edsbrvngk÷ o Edsbrvngk÷o Edsbrvngk÷o

Bi prkabr cerante `bvk`be precbskeoni boVnrnhuny brn R-Antkgy pbrtbobgk÷ n NuhusteHniibhes.Bi geotrndnoè `b inbibgtr÷okgn, peskdkikt÷nggbse n bqukpesèaëstkges b prkabrn

hbobrngk÷o.In kostnotnobk`n` `bivk`be. Wb us÷ perprkabrn vbz bo biprehrnan b Bvnojy.In npnrkgk÷o `bpreùgterns `b vk`be(Dkb`branoo, Sëspeik) In grbbogkn qub bi gkobhbobrndn aîspeskdkik`n`bs tëgokgnsqub bi vk`be nsá geaein gnik`n` b kanhbosupbrker.

Jny qub rbsgntnr ieskhukbotb<- Cnitn `buon peiátkgn `bnpeye ni gkob, qub ibjkze suguadkr geaecerante.- In gnik`n` `bkanhbo, u tbxturn bobi vk`be bs kocbrker

qub in `bi gkob.

Jny qub rbsgntnrgeaegnrngtbrástkgnsqub<- Sb bi `bsnrreiie`bi vk`be geaeuon suanterkn `bbscubrzesnksinès,

crnhabotnès skookohuon geobxk÷oe bscubrze geaüo.- Koab`kntbz `bivk`be< qub pbraktbgerrbhkr sedrb inanrgjnkiuakongk÷o ypubstn bo bsgbon.

- In kapertnogkn`b in kaktngk÷opnrn in grbngk÷onu`kevksuni.- Oe tuve okohüobstu`ke cerani.

- Ins dnsbs seok`ëotkgns (gkob,vk`be) bi ibohunlbpure `bi gkob sbpub`b usnr bovk`be.




>62

Geabotnrke `b Lbsüs Tukz Obstesn (L.T.O.)< ’Bi hrno prediban `b oubstre pregbse guiturni bs qubin hbotb oe qukbrb vbr in edrn notbrker n biies pnrn vbr quë bs ie qub sb jkze y n pnrtkr `b quë puote tkbobqub nrrnognr. Oe jny uo pregbse guiturni, perqub pregbse qukbrb bgkr qub ves tboës geogkbogkn b ie qubtb notbgb`b pnrn peobrtb bo bi gnakoe, geotkounr y ndrkr in peskdkik`n` ni qub vn n vbokr. Bs nihe qubbveiugkeon y sb `bsnrreiin bo bi tkbape. Nquá gn`n pbrseon preùgb guiturn geae ksietbs. Oe grbe qub iesrbnikznèrbs l÷vbobs sb jnyno kostruk e bo in edrn `b Luno Gnries Anobhikn per blbapie, oe perqub ëi sbjnyn bqukvegnè, skoe perqub in hbotb tkbob akbè `b rbgkdkr kociubogkns `b etres...‑ .

7. NVETPB @BI SK@BE [ WR GEOPKORK@N@. Npertb `bi vk `be `b ckggk÷o bo ie s :6 n hbobrngkeobs s khu kbotbs. Bi v k`be geae bibabote `btrndnle y sudskstbogkn, y cutures preybgtes.

T. N. A.G. J.H. D. K. L.G.A.

Npertb `b in ckggk÷obo ies :6< Akoksbrkbs

`b ckggk÷o skogeotkouk`n`.Ngtuniabotb sá vkvb `bi vk`be< ègbogkny nrgjkve.Cutures preybgtes<Ron hrno pbiáguin`krkhk`n botrb vnrkes`krbgterbs.

Npertb `b in ckggk÷obo ies :6< Ies

trndnles `b LunoGnries Anobhikn,bstes kociubogknreobo te`ns inshbobrngkeobspestbrkerbs, qukbobsvkbreo sus trndnles yjey vkvbo `binu`kevksuni.

Wá vkvb bi vk`be.

Cutures preybgtes< Jngbr uo vk`benrhuabotni, uotbibckia sedrb inHubrrn bi Gjngebo gnoni ;.

Npertb `b in ckggk÷obo ies :6< Ies :6

`baubstrn qub sbpub`b jngbr augjegeo pege, skhuboskboècuo`nabotnibs inshnons b bgkr nihey oe bi cerante.Oe vkvb `b inrbnikzngk÷o `b vk`bepbre sá geongtkvk`n`bsrbingkeon`ns ni gkob.

Cutures preybgtes< Geogurse ongkeoni<’@bsgudrkboèVnrnhuny `bs`b bi

gkob‑. Iibvnr esuok`n`bs a÷vkibs bins pbiáguins ’Bitequb `bi edeb‑ y’Bi pert÷o `b iessubþes‑ n geibhkes`bi pnás, y bsteaetkvb uo trndnleiktbrnrke bsgrkte qubbotrnrn bo geogurse.

Npertb `b in ckggk÷obo ies :6< ’Ies

rbnikznèrbs‑ qub sbgeostktuybreo borbcbrbotb vîikèperqub sko pe`brnggb`br n anyertbgoeiehán jkgkbreogesns qub jnstn jeypbrùrno. ’On`nsurhb b in on`n...ouogn sb pub`bjngbr nihe oubvesko qub sb jnynjbgje teè ie qubsb jkze notbs...‑

Oe vkvb `bi vk`be.Bs nrquktbgte.

Cutures preybgtes< Sk`be nrhuabotni’@bspuës `b insgbokzns‑.

Npertb `b in ckggk÷obo ies :6<

In peskdkik`n` bgeotnr jksterkns geouon kocrnbstrugturnaáokan. Bi trndnlnrbo uo cerante oubve`bi gkob ni vk`be, `bie gnsk kapeskdib n iesuanabotbnggbskdib. In iáobnbxpbrkabotni qubteè ie peskdkiktn. Inhrno gnotk`n` bedrns, vk`bes bckggk÷o, qub sbrbnikznreo y jnstnjey bo `án sb pub`b

nggb`br n biie.Wá vkvb `bi vk`be.

Cutures preybgtes<@kstrkdugk÷o anskvnbo gkob `b ies gertes’Naer dnsurn‑ y’Jeroe nr`kbotb‑rbnikznès bocáiakges. Inrbnikzngk÷o `b uoinrheabtrnlb.

Edsbrvngk÷o Edsbrvngk÷o Edsbrvngk÷o Edsbrvngk÷o Edsbrvngk÷o

Gktn prkabrnsckggkeobs bo gnonibs`b nkrb< ’Anh`nibon`b in gniib‑ y ’ Akqubrkè ègter‑npnrtb `b uopreybgte geoNuhuste Hniibhes<’Bi jeadrb `bdinoge‑ .

Dbronrè

Ksangjevkbznpert÷ duboestrndnles,bspbgkniabotb boin pnrtb vksuni.Ies trndnles bo biAnhnzkob `b gnoni;< ies diequbsckggkeonès sedrbjksterkn pnrnhunyn`bi Oetkgkbre. Iestrndnles geoluotesgeo in rbnikznèrnHnikn Hkaëobz,

Erhnokznèr b’Cbstkvni `b gkob`b Nsuogk÷o‑ùrnotb ; nþes.

Cnitn qub insoubvnshbobrngkeobsnggb`no aîs, ntrndnles rbnikzn esgeo notbrkerk`n`.

Okohuon.




>63

EDWBTSNGK×O< Ies tátuies bo obhrktn gerrbspeo`bo n ies vk`bes `b ckggk÷o boanrgnès botrb>;8; y >;;6.

0. TBGRBOPE @B PTNDNLEW.Kocerangk÷o `b trndnles rbnikznès bo er`bo greoei÷h kge `b gn`n botrbvkstnè.

T. N. A.G. J.H. D. K. L.G.A.

Sk`behrncán Sk`behrncán Sk`behrncán Sk`behrncán Sk`behrncán

Ckggk÷o<>. Ro `án uookþe.>;8;. Dinoge yObhre. >3aa.(antbrkni pbr`kè).4. @bs`b bitblnè>;:3. Geier.R-Antkg.7. Düsqub`n >;::.R-Antkg. Geier.0. In ckbstn. >;::.R-Antkg. Geier.2. Vbr`kès. >;:;.R-Antkg. Geier.3. In vksktn. >;;6.R-Antkg. Geier.

8. Vnrte bo innrbon.>;;6. Geier.R-Antkg.:. Ginresgure.>;;6/>. R-Antkg.Geier.Aeabotes. >;;>.R-Antkg. Geier.Ikdbrn`n. >;;>.R-Antkg. Geier.Geovkvbogkn. >;;4.R-Antkg. Geier

Nihe qub jngbr .>;;4. Geier.R-Antkg.Sbr`n` eguitn. >;;7.R-Antkg. Geier.

Vredibans. >;;7.R-Antkg. Geier.Heipb n heipb. >;;0.R-Antkg. Geier.@bgkskeobs. >;;2.R-Antkg. Geierûë qubrës qub tb`khn. 4666. R-Antkgb`ktn`n bo Dbtngna.

Ckggk÷o<>. Gnrkþese.>;:3.Dbtnanx.4. Tutkon.>;:8.SJW. B`ktnè bo R-Antkg.Ins hnvketns oejndino kohiës.>;;3.Tëqukba pnrn uosei`nè. 4666.Dbtngna `khktni.

@eguabotnibsckggkeonès<Vnqubtb rbnikzn ebo >;;8 bo Dbtnanxpnrn bi WOP.

Ko`bpbo`bogkn. Nsuogk÷o n guntretkbapes.@b naer y `bhubrrn.Gngjerres b ib÷o.Gîrgbibs `b snohrb.Badesgn`n< Gnape`b geogbotrngk÷o.

@eguabotnibs<BxpbrkaboteVskgei÷hkge. >;:2.Vregbse b gnadke.>;::.In sbivn `bdb vkvkr .

>;;8.Ies ysyre bMnrgjnvniut. >;;8.Bstkhnrrkdkn< Akiktnr yprbsk`botb. >;;:.Bi skhie qub sb vn.>;;;.

Ckggk÷o<Vyhanikeo‛s wksj.>;:6. Ckggk÷o.>3aa.>. Anrgbikon. >;:7.vk`be `b > puihn`n.4. Bi sbgrbte `b insbþern.>;::/:;. ¿ ’vk`be. Bi tequb `biEdeb.>;;3/;:.72aa.

@eguabotnibs<Iuiikoh Pjuap.>;8;. >3 aa.Gkoban Drnskibkre< ECbstkvni >;:0 b

Hrnanè.¿ puihn`nvk`be.Vbrbhrkongk÷o nGnngupë. >;:>/:0.>3aaVkihrkanhb koVnrnhuny. >;:8.>3aa.Juhe Vkstkiik, grbnèr`bi Vnonadá.>;;6/;>. ¿ puihn`nvk`be.Bi pert÷o `b iessubþes. >;;0/;:.Dbtn.

Ckggk÷o<>. Ak subþe oetkbob sktke.>;:8.SJW, Geier. B`ktnèbo R-Antkg.4. Pkbape vbstkè`b aulbr . >;:;. R-Antkg, Geier.7. [n oe jny ksins.>;;6. R- Antkg,Geier.

Ckggk÷o<Bi pubdie tbobgbsktn. >;83.Wüpbr :.In ko`kcbrbogkn.>;88. Wüpbr :.>. Bspngke. >;:>.SJW, Geier.4. Gnzn `b Drulns.>;:0. SJW, Geier.7. Vrbses. >;:8.Sk`be bxp. SJW.0. Degbte. >;:8.Sk`be bxp. SJW.2. Bspbles. >;:8.D/O. Sk`be bxp.

3. Peèsgeoegbaes bi ckoni.>;::. R-Antkg.Geier. Sk`be bxp.8. In ginsb `b÷rhnoe .>;;6.R-Antkg. Geier.Wedrbvkvbogkn. >;;6

Nrtbcngte b prkabrnobgbsk`n . >;;2.

Naer-Dnsurn. >;;8.72aa. D/O.Jeroe. >;;:.>3aa.Wny [bs. >;;;.>3aa.

@eguabotnibs<Onpeib÷o. >;8;.Wüpbr :.

Nrtresgepkn,kovbstkhngk÷o boAb`kgkon. >;:3.In Oegjb b WnoDins. >;:;.




>68

2. VTBAKEW, CBWPKSNIBW [ SK@BEPBGNW.

T.N. A.G. J.H. D.K. L.G.A.

Vrbakes eabogkeobs<Hrno prbake `bi

Cbstkvni `b@eguabotnibs`bi PbrgbrAuoè `b Wbüi,Gerbn :2(BxpbrkaboteVskgei÷hkge)Ies ègb `bi nþe (BxpbrkaboteVskgei÷hkge)CbstkvniWu`nabrkgnoe`b Gerteabtrnlbs`b Nsuogk÷o (Ikdbrn`n)Cbstkvni

Auokgkpni `bvk`bes (Ikdbrn`n).Cbstkvni bSkbon.(Ikdbrn`n).

Cbstkvnibsongkeonibs<Bi `b ObwAnhnzkob Sk`beTbvkstn (bo biG.G.V.N.)

Sk`betbgns<-Anoznon b inTkvbrn.

Vrbakes eabogkeobs<Hrno prbake `bi

Cbstkvni `b@eguabotnibs `biPbrgbr Auoè bWbüi, Gerbn :2.(bxpbrkaboteVskgei÷hkge).LevboWedrbsnikbotb >;:2 b inGîanrn Lüoker.Ies ègb `bi nþe.Tn`ke >¼ `banrze (>;:2)Vrbake ni ablertrndnle `b hrupe.Cbstkvni `b vk`be

`bi Luno bWninznr `b >;:3(Gnrkþese).Vrbake Ongkeoni`b Vbrke`ksae `bin Gîanrn `b@kputnès >;;;bo bi îrbn `bkovbstkhngk÷opbrke`ástkgn.

Cbstkvnibsongkeonibs<Bi `bi GbotreBspnþei ’Luno `bWninznr‑.

Sk`betbgns<-Anoznon `b inTkvbrn.

Vrbakes e abogkeobs<Vrkabr prbake bo biGbrtnabo `b Hukeobs

`b in Rokvbrsk`n` `bPbxns (>;:6).Vrbsk`botb `biKotbrontkeoni CkiaCbstkvni bo Mbot WtntbRokvbrskty (>;83).Vrbake Esgnr Prkok`n per inder bo gnapenu`kevksuni (>;;0).Vbrseonlb bi Nþe>;;2 geae @krbgter bin Cuo`ngk÷oGkobantbgn.Precbe ABTGEWRT >;;; (gepreùggk÷o BiPequb bi Edeb).

Abogk÷o `b Jeoer bobi SK CbstkvniIntkoenabrkgnoe `bSk`be Tesnrke >;;;(Bi Vert÷o `b iesWubþes).Vrbake jeoeráckge `biZSK CbstkvniIntkoenabrkgnoe `bPrkbstrb.

Cbstkvnibs ongkeonibs<Bi `b Obw AnhnzkobSk`be Tbvkstn (bo biG.G.V.N.)Bi `bi Gbotre Bspnþei

’Luno b Wninznr‑.Sk`betbgns<-Cuo`ngk÷oGkobantbgn-Anoznon b inTkvbrn.-Wno Ierboze.

Vrbakes eabogkeobs<Vrkabr prbake

`bi Cbstkvni `bSk`be `biG.G.V.N.Wbibggkeonè pnrn pnrtkgkpnrbo bi Cbstkvni `bvk`be b Dbriáo.CbrknKotbrongkeoni `b

Nrtb, NTGE, `bAn`rk`.

Cbstkvnibsongkeonibs<Bi `bi ObwAnhnzkob Sk`beTbvkstn bo biG.G.V.N.

Vrbakes e abogkeobs<Abler @krbgter bi Cbstkvni bSk be bi Gbotre Bspnþei ’Luno

`b Wninznr‑.Abler @krbgter, Abler Huk÷o,Abler cetehrncán, Ablerbs bcbgtesbspbgknibs, 4

è iuhnr bo in

gntbherán ckggk÷o bo bi VrkabrGbrtnabo Ongkeoni b Sk bes(Obw Anhnzkob Sk be Tbvkstn).Vrbake Ies egb bi nþe, Tn ke>¼ b Anrze.Levbo Wedrbsnikbotb bi nþe eterhnè per in Gîanrn Lüoker bNsuogk÷o.Abler cetehrncán, Pbrgbr CbstkvniVnrnhunye bi Wpet Vudikgktnrke.Vrbake bspbgkni bi Lurnè, KKCbstkvni Wu`nabrkgnoe b

Gerteabtrnlbs bi Cbstkvni bgkob b Nsuogk÷o.Vrbsbibggkeonè bo Ikan ysbibggkeonè bo bi Cbstkvni bWno Wbdnstkîo bo in gntbherán<èguabotni grbntkve.>

br prbake ckggk÷o bo bi

@baegrngy ko Geaauokgntkeo nSk be Cbstkvni ec werm an`b dyIntko Nabrkgn no R.W Intko.>

br prbake bo bi rudre Ckggk÷o bi

7br Cbstkvni Kotbrongkeoni bTesnrke.Tbprbsbotn ni Vnrnhuny bo biKoput bi Tke-Gkob Cbstkvni.Wbibgtb Xerm bo bi rudre Ckggk÷o

`bi >:tj Pemye Sk be Cbstkvni.>

br prbake bo bi rudre ckggk÷o bi

72 Hei bo Mokhjt KotbrontkeoniGkob y Sk be Cbstkvni b Anitn.Abler gerte bxpbrkabotni bo biKotbrontkeoni Ckia & @rnan Cbstec Eminjean, RWN.Bstrboe b Wny [bs bo inprbstkhkesn O[CN.Wbibggk÷o `b In ginsb b÷rhnoe geo 0 gertessu`nabrkgnoes aîs pnrn sbrvkstes bo Kotbrobt WJETCBWP

Cbstkvnibs ongkeonibs<Bi b Obw Anhnzkob Sk be

Tbvkstn (bo bi G.G.V.N.)Bi bi Gbotre Bspnþei ’Luno bWninznr‑.

Sk betbgns<-Anoznon b in Tkvbrn.-Gkobantbgn-KVNG




>6:

3. EPTEW SK@BEW @B CKGGK×O @B IEW :6.34

>. Anh`nibon `b in gniib >;8;/:6, dinoge y obhre, tbiboevbin `b 42 gnpátuies. @krbggk÷o `b Wkivke Anrtáobzpnrn bi Gnoni ;. Huk÷o `b Tehbike Wkivbre, prbpnrngk÷o ngterni `b Tu`k Perhn, gepreùggk÷o `b gnoni ; yAnrkiyo Angkbi botrb etres. Geo in kotbrprbtngk÷o ngterni `b Hrngkbin Vnster, Wnrn Lkaëobz, Anrkiyo Angkbibotrb etres.

4. Ak qubrkè ` egter. >;:>. Pbiboevbin `b 46 gnpátuies n geierbs baktk`n per Gnoni >7. @krbggk÷o `b WbrhkeCrnhn `b in Tb` E Hiede. Geo in ngtungk÷o bstbinr `b Nroniè No`rë. Vreùggk÷o pnrnhunyn.

7. Tnzau`bi. >;:8. @krbggk÷o `b Crb``y Ingnsn. Bi huk÷o y in preùggk÷o `b Lerhb Nyanr. Dnsnè bo uogubote `bi aksae Lerhb Nyanr, Aeogje Nzunhn y Juhe @unrtb Anozeok. Gubotn uon jksterkngeapubstn `b trbs rbintes.

0. Gnþes. >;:8, SJW, geier. @krbggk÷o b Anrkiyo Angkbi. Nskstbotb b krbggk÷o< Tudëo Gntni`k (j). Gîanrn`b Crnogksge y Noteoke Mevngs. @krbggk÷o `b gîanrns `b Crnogksge Mevngs. Huk÷o< Tudëo Gntni`k (j).Bsgboehrncán jbgjn per bi Nrq. Jëgter Dboátbz Perrbs. Prnùggk÷o ni k`kean hunrnoá `b Skgbotb Gîr`bonsy Pn`be \nrrntbn. Anqukiinlb< Nrm \bon. Nskstbotb `b Vreùggk÷o< Buinike Dboátbz, @nráe y Inoy Heozîibz.Geo Tna÷o `bi Táe, Dins Nignrnz y Anrkiyo Angkbi. @rnan dnsnè bo uon jksterkn rbni.

2. [n sey hrno`b. >;:8. Sk`be `b ckggk÷o, `b 8 akoutes `b ùrngk÷o, qub onrrn ies rbgubrès botrbinznès`b uo nèibsgbotbs, sus predibans geo su k`botk`n`. Vrbsbotnè per bi Kostktute `bi Gkob pnrn Kocnogkn yLuvbotu`.

3. Gnse `b Iuks. >;:8. @krkhkè per Tbkoniè Anrtáobz. Sk`be kospkrnè bo bi gubote ’In Vern‑ `b HndrkbiGnsnggkn Dkdeikok.

8. Geotrnaubrtb. >;:8, `krkhk`n per Gnries Heozîibz Druo. Kospkrnè bo uo gubote `b Nuhuste Ten Dnstes.

:. Bi pno `b gn`n `án. >;::, `krkhkè per Lustkoknoe \nrngje, preùgk`n per Luste Vkþîobz y BstbdnoGjîvbz, kotbrprbtnè per bi hrupe BSN, `b Gku`n` `bi Bstb.

;. Pkbape. >;::, bsgrktn, preùgk`n y `krkhk`n per Anrgkni Wbrváo. Bs in jksterkn `b uo levbo èo`b sb onrrnbi rbgjnze `b in segkb`n` jngkn ies bocbraes `b WK@N.

>6. Ro tni Lu`ns. >;::, preùgkè per bi hrupe BSN, `krkhkè per Lustkoknoe \nrngje. In jksterkn prbsbotn uopeskdib `án trnosgurrkè per Lu`ns Ksgnrketb, geo jbgjes bokhaîtkges y suhbrbotbs.

>>. Tktes y gbrbaeokns. >;::, `krbggk÷o Crnogksge Gerrni, erkhkoniabotb jbgje bo süpbr : y iubhe tbrakonèbo vk`be. In jksterkn prbsbotn jbgjes getk`knoes y cnotnsáns aîhkgns b naer y aubrtb, bxprbsn`n bs`bbi skadeiksae `b in kanhbo.

>4. Pnvnk Der`n. >;;6, preùgkè per Aksk÷o `b Nakstn`. Tbnikzngk÷o `b Nanè Nrrkbtn, Tu`k Perhn yTedbrte Akþe. Gubotn in aevkikzngk÷o `b ies gnapbskoes sko tkbrrn, tbokboè geae tban gbotrni inegupngk÷o rbnikzn`n per bstes y bi `bsniele n vbgbs drutni, n ies qub seo seabtkès.

>7. Lu`ns< >;;6, rbnikzngk÷o `b Gnykte y Grkstkon Ngestn. Bs uo peban vksunikznè, uo jeadrb qub jndánskè terturnè sb gubstkeon uon sbrkb b tbans ngtunibs.

>0. Nèibsgbotbs < >;:8, SJW, geier. @krkhk`n per Anrgbie Anrtkobssk y @ertb Tnade. Gîanrn `b DruoePurrkok y Anrgbie Anrtkobssk. Gehukeokstn< @ertb Tnade. Ngtungk÷o `b Hndrkbin @unrtb, @ertb Tnade,Anrgbie Anrtkobssk, Oeran Akheob, Okbvbs Dnrrbrn, botrb etres. @rehn`kggk÷o bo in nèibsgbogkn,predibans ngtunibs prbegupnotbs. In vksk÷o `b ies prepkes nèibsgbotbs qub rbintn in jksterkn `b uon

levbogktn ntrnpn`n bo bstb tbrrkdib auoè ni qub iibh÷ dusgnoè uo bsgnpb y bogeotr÷ uon gîrgbi

>2. Prnosckhurngk÷o < >;:8, SJW n geier. @krkhk`n per Xnitbr Wni`ávnr. Gîanrn< Anrtáo Skbrgk. Huk÷o `bXnitbr Wni`ávnr. Ngtungk÷o `b Lerhb Dîbz y Oeran H÷abz. Ro jeadrb nohustknè per ies bcbgtes `b suprepkn grbngk÷o, kotbotn bsgnpnr jngkn uo iuhnr aîs niiî `b su auoè.

34 Bxtrnáè `b ins botrbvkstns y prehrnans `b cbstkvnibs.




>6;

4. NOÎIKWKW HBOBTNI

N anobrn `b sáotbsks `b ies `ntes aîs rbibvnotbs edtbokès bo

ins botrbvkstns bcbgtun`ns n ies 2 rbnikznèrbs, sb erhnokznreo

gun`res sko÷ptkges sedrb in dnsb `b ies guntre blbs y ies

rbgubotes greoei÷hkges `b ies trndnles `b ckggk÷o preùgkès bo

in `ëgn`n `b ies :6 tnote per ies rbnikznèrbs botrbvkstnès,

geae `b etres rbnikznèrbs ùrnotb in `ëgn`n `bi :6. Vnrn bi

rbgubote `b ies trndnles `b ckggk÷o `b ies etres rbnikznèrbs sb

teanreo geae dnsb `b `ntes ins botrbvkstns y ies prehrnans

`b ies cbstkvnibs `b vk`bes bxkstbotbs bo bsb pbrkeè.

>. NOPBGB@BOPBW In bxpbrkbogkn notbrker< bi gkob y su ko ciubogkn bo bi vk`be.

@b ies gkoge (2) botrbvkstnès, guntre (0) 37

pnrtkbreo `b in bxpbrkbogkngkobantehrîckgn bo `kstkotes cerantes< süpbr :, >3 aa y 72 aa.

Bste sk dkbo ibs `ke uo anrge rbcbrbogkni tëgokge n okvbi `b gîanrn,pinoes, b`kgk÷o `b kaîhbobs, (nuoqub bi gkob bs tëgokgnabotb `kcbrbotbni vk`be 30 ) oe sb pub`b jndinr `b uon kociubogkn `bi gkob geae

aevkakbote nu`kevksuni bo ies 86 sedrb bi vk`be qub bapkbzn y sbncknozn bo ies :6.

Bste bs `bdkè n qub bi gkob oe sb geostktuyb bo uo rbcbrbotb ginre bo bi`bsnrreiie `b in ckggk÷o ongkeoni perqub oe tuve geotkouk`n`, nsá geaeiuhnrbs y cngkik`n bs b baksk÷o.

Oe sb pe`án nggb`br n ins pbiáguins jbgjns bo cáiakge, vbries,nonikznries y augje aboes `nribs geotkouk`n` per cnitn `b sepertbtëgokge.

37 Tny Nrabib, Anoubi Gubogn, Juhe Hnanrrn y Luno Gnries Anobhikn.30 Sbr bo bi Gnpátuie KK, >. Bi vk`be< [e vbe, bi tban 0. @kcbrbogkns tëgokgns botrb

vk`be y gkob.




>>6

4. KOKGKE @BI AESKAKBOPE @B SK@BE [ WR @BWNTTEIIE.Bi `bsgudrkakbote `bi vk`be< nþe qub bi botrbvkstnè geoegb bi vk`be yin pbrgbpgk÷o `bi trnspnse `b tbgoeiehán y ibohunlb.

@b ies gkoge botrbvkstnès, guntre gekogk`bo bo qub bi nþe bo bi qubtkbobo geotngte geo bi vk`be bs bo ies :6. Vnrn uoe `b biies (T.N.)bapkbzn bo >;8;.

32

Ins pbrgbpgkeobs gekogk`botbs sedrb bi trnspnse `b tbgoeiehán yibohunlb seo<e Vregbse rîpkè cngkiktnè per bi geotrndnoè b in bibgtr÷okgn.e Brno bgeo÷akges y cîgkibs `b utkikznr< bi 72 aa brn gnre, bi dbtnanx

y bi SJW brno koab`kntes sb hrndndn y sb rbpreùgán bosbhuk`n. ’...bi gkob suguadb notb bi vk`be per in cnitn `b peiátkgns guiturnibs...

perqub bo Vnrnhuny oe bxkstb sepertb tëgokge‑33 . ’Bi vk`be ni tbobr te`nsins gnrngtbrástkgns `b in kostnotnobk`n`, in ieohktu` `b in gkotn, innggbskdkik`n` tëgokgn, pbraktb prednr gesns, bxpbrkabotnr bi ibohunlb, incetehrncán, hrndnr, derrnr y veivbr n hrndnr. Bste jkze qub in peskdkik`n` `b

sudskstbogkn `bi gkob geo bi vk`be sbn uon utepán, gesn qub oe egurrán boies pnásbs ikaátrecbs geae Nrhbotkon e Drnski, èo`b sk dkbo `ksakouy÷ inpreùggk÷o cáiakgn, oe `bsnpnrbgk÷ tetniabotb per in npnrkgk÷o `bi vk`be.Ngî snive nihuoes qub etres geabrgknibs ckianès bo 72aa y pest-preùgkès ncubrn, bi vk`be tbrako÷ per rbbapinznrie bckoktkvnabotb‑.38

7. NVETPB @BI SK@BE [ WR GEOPKORK@N@. Npertb `bi vk` be `b ckggk÷o bo ies :6 n hbobrngkeobs skhukbotbs. Bivk`be geae bibabote `b trndnle y sudskstbogkn, y cutures preybgtes.

Ies prkogkpnibs npertbs abogkeonès per ies gkoge rbnikznèrbs seo< Wus edrns< botkëo`nsb ies vk`bes `b ckggk÷o, ies èguabotnibs y sbrkbs,

qub jey sb geostktuybo bo rbcbrbotb pnrn etres rbnikznèrbs qub pub`borbgurrkr jnstn uon vk`betbgn vbr bi vk`be, nonikznrie y `nrib geotkouk`n .

Geosk`brngk÷o ni trndnle nu`kevksuni geae precbsk÷o, pu`këoèsb vkvkr bivk`be, trndnlnoè bo gnonibs, preùgterns e iuhnrbs b bosbþnozn.

In nggbskdkik`n` bgeo÷akgn (sb pub`b jngbr augje geo peges rbgurses). In cngkik`n` `b anoble b in tbgoeiehán.

@b ies 2 rbnikznèrbs, 7 (T.N., A.G., L.G.A.) vkvbo `bi vk`be, > (J.H.) `b uonngtkvk`n` rbingkeon`n ni gkob y s÷ie > (D.K.) vkvb `b etrn precbsk÷o. Peèstkbobo preybgtes pbo`kbotbs.

32 Ron `b ins rnzeobs per in qub bi bqukpe kovbstkhnèr `bgk`k÷ boanrgnr inrbgepkingk÷o b ies vk`bes b ckggk÷o b ies :6, b >;8; n >;;6.33 Geabotnrke bi pbrke`kstn b bspbgtîguies Lbsüs Tukz Obstesn.38 Geabotnrke bi rbnikznèr Wkivke Anrtáobz.




>>>

0. TBGRBOPE @B PTNDNLEW @B CKGGK×O @B IEW :6

>. Geae geosbgubogkn `bi bstu`ke `b gnape n ies gkoge

koceranotbs ginvbs, ies botrbvkstnès `b rbcbrbogkn y inkocerangk÷o rbgehk`n `b ies prehrnans `b ies cbstkvnibs

`b vk`bes `b ies gbotres guiturnibs, sb pub`b geogiukr

qub ùrnotb in `ëgn`n `bi :6, sb jkgkbreo trbkotn y skbtb

(78) vk`bes `b ckggk÷o, sb kostnurnreo ès (4) cbstkvnibs

`b ies gunibs, uoe tuve trbs (7) nþes `b geotkouk`n` y

surhk÷ uon rbvkstn `b vk`be.

N geotkoungk÷o sb `btniin per er`bo greoei÷hkge uo ikstnè `b

ies vk`bes `b ckggk÷o `b gn`n botrbvkstnè, geo uon pbqubþn

skoepsks y `btniibs tëgokges.

TN[ NTABIB.

>. ’Ro `án, uo okþe‑. >;8;. >3 aa. D y O (antbrkni

pbr`kè). Oe sb tbrako÷ ok sb bstrbo÷. Tbnikznè geo

Iuks Gnsge Vnob, Nuhuste Tkqubiab y Anrgkni Tukz

@ánz. Ngtün Luno Tna÷o Dboátbz. Wb trntndn sedrb inngtkvk`n` getk`knon `b uo gnokiiktn.

4. ’@bs`b bi tblnè‑. >;:3. R-Antkg. Geier. Aüskgn< Gnste

@nráe Anrtáobz. @krbggk÷o ngterni< Nibxks Heozîibz.

Huk÷o `b Iuks Rhjbiik. Geo Erinoè Nanrkiin, Anrtn

Tuhbi. @es jbranoes nèibsgbotbs sb bocrbotno n in

n`kggk÷o `b ins `rehns bo ab`ke `b prbskeobs cnakiknrbs

y segknibs.

7. ’Düsqub`n‑. >;::. R-Antkg. Geier. Te`n`n bo Vnrás,

geo biboge y tëgokges crnogbsbs, uon pbiáguin

nrhuabotni qub dusgn rbsnitnr vnrknès nspbgtes `b




>>4

Vnrás, n trnvës `b uon pbqubþn pretnheokstn y su

ndubie.

0. ’In ckbstn‑. >;::. R-Antkg. Geier. Aüskgn< Gnste @nráe

Anrtáobz. Huk÷o `b Iuks Rhjbiik. Geo Non Tbgni`b,

Sbrbon Herestknhn, Sbr÷okgn Gno`kn, Tbhkon Dngjbre y

Vndie Nr`ksseob, Gnries Cbronoè Gkdkis y etres. Sk`be

sedrb in predibaîtkgn luvboki y ins `rehns.

2. ’ Vbr`kès‑ . >;:;. R-Antkg. Geier. Aüskgn< Tboë Nynin.

Geo Lesë Anièonè, Wbivn Tkqubiab y etres. Edrn `b

ckggk÷o dnsn`n bo in pkbzn tbntrni ies gkbhes, `b AnurkgbAnbtbrikogm. Tbnikzn`n geo bi npeye `b in Nsegkngk÷o

Wnotn Iugán. Ro hrupe `b gkbhes ndnoèonès per su

prbgbpter, oe bogubotrno bi gnakoe `b rbhrbse n su

pbosk÷o.

3. ’In vksktn‑. >;;6. R-Antkg. Geier. Aüskgn< Vbtbr

Xbstbranoo. Geo Jëgter Wkivn, Gietki`b Gndrni,

Tesbanry Dehhkoe, Lerhb Tnaes, Luno Gnries Gnþbtb.

8. ’ Vnrte bo in nrbon‑ . >;;6. R-Antkg. Geier. Gubote `b

Obk`n Aboèzn. Geo Cîtkan `bi Wei. Ron juaki`b pbre

erhuiiesn aulbr bocrbotn in ngusngk÷o `b in segkb`n` per

jndbr antnè n su jkln pnrn snivnrin `b in pedrbzn.

:. ’Ginresgure‑. >;;6/>. R-Antkg. Geier. Geo Tesbanry

Dehhkoe y Brkg Nsgnrzn. Sez `b Ayrkna Wkborn sedrb

pebans `b Ieur`bs Bspáoein. Ron aulbr ndnoèon`ngnrhn geo sus guipns y pbons, bo uo nanrhe gnivnrke `b

seib`n` y crustrngk÷o sbotkabotni.




>>7

ANORBI GRBOGN.

>. ’Gnrkþese‑ . >;:3/8. Dbtnanx. Huk÷o< Iuks Rhjbiik.

Ngtüno Anrhnrktn Gjnpnrre y Jb``y Dboátbz. N trnvës

`b in jksterkn `b in ginusurn `b uo tbntre `b tátbrbs, sb

onrrn bi tetni rbgjnze n guniqukbr gnadke qub sb pub`n

prbsbotnr bo oubstrn vk`n getk`knon.

4. ’Tutkon‑ . >;:8. Ckianè bo SJW, b`ktnè bo R-Antkg.

Ngterbs< Non Anrán Kakzgez y Hustnve Kiiutevkgj. Ron

pnrbln bo grksks rbgerrb uon vkbln gnseon, sko badnrhe,

bstb ngte sb geovkbrtb bo uon rutkon aîs `blîoèibs tnosbpnrnès geae skbaprb.

JRHE HNANTTN.

>. "Anrgbikon". (>;:7). > puihn`n vk`be. Ckggk÷o pnrn in

Rokvbrsk`n` `b Nsuogk÷o y bi Gnoni >7.

4. "Bi sbgrbte `b in sbþern" (>;::/:;). ¿ puihn`n vk`be.

Inrheabtrnlb ckggk÷o pnrn Nrn Ckias y bi Gbotre `bGeauokgngk÷o Nu`kevksuni, Vnrnhuny. Sbrsk÷o akoksbrkb

pnrn bi Gnoni ; - WOP. Ngtungk÷o `b B``n `b ies Táes,

Pbgjk Vbrbkrn, Cierbogkn Wnhukbr, botrb etres. In trnan

hkrndn bo teroe n uon sbþern qub geotrntndn n ès

levbogktns geae bapibn`ns èaëstkgns tbokboè geae

ckoni eguite in trntn `b dinogns.

DBTONT@E KWANGJESKB\.

>. "Ak subþe oe tkbob sktke"< (>rn pnrtb `b uon trkiehán)

>;:8. SJW,Geier. B`ktnè bo R-Antkg. @urngk÷o< >6‛.

Ngtün Niblno`rn Wkquet geo Niblno`re Ab`bres. Huk÷o,




>>0

Vreùggk÷o y @krbggk÷o `b Dbronrè Ksangjevkbz.

Aüskgn `b Iuks Wznrîo. Vebsán `b Anoubi Niteinhukrrb.

Gerbehrncán `b Hndrkbin Crbrs. Gîanrn `b EsvnièGe`ns. Cnotnsán vksuni èo`b sugb`bo sbgubogkns `b

pbsn`kiins èo`b ins cerans y ckhurns `b ies gun`res `b

bxpeskgk÷o n`qukbrbo rbnik`n` y vk`n bo bi subþe `b in

pretnheokstn.

4. "Pkbape vbstkè `b aulbr" (4`n pnrtb `b in trkiehán)

>;::/:;. Cerante< R-Antkg, Geier. @urngk÷o< >0‛. Wedrb

uo tbxte `b Okin I÷pbz èo`b uon aulbr crbotb n su

bspble sb bocrbotn ni pnse kapingndib `bi tkbape.

Ngtüno Okin I÷pbz, Akhubi Nohbi Ertkz, Nikgkn Hubrrn,

Nidn Tbgni`b y Obrk Wnanokbhe. @krkhk`n y Vreùgk`n

per Dbronrè Ksangjevkbz. Gîanrn y B`kgk÷o< Luno

Gnries Ab`kon. Nskstbotb `b Kiuakongk÷o< Nidbrte

H÷abz. Vreùggk÷o Blbgutkvn `b Dinogn Gnrèze.

7. "[n oe jny ksins". (7rn pnrtb `b in trkiehán) >;;6, R-

Antkg,Geier. @urngk÷o< >3‛. Ro jeadrb crbotb n susrbgubrès, n su nadkhùb`n` notb su iugjn per

bogeotrnrsb nuoqub sbn tnr`b y in gbon yn bstë sbrvk`n.

Geo B``n `b ies Táes, No`rës Drátbz, Vnein Wbrváo,

Pbskb Heozîibz, Vntrkgkn Wgjuitz. @krbggk÷o< Dbronrè

Ksangjevkbz. Aüskgn `b Iuks Wznrîo, geo pebsán `b

Tncnbi @uyes y iegugk÷o `b Esgnr Deudëb. Huk÷o `b

Hndrkbi Drkzubin y Dbronrè Ksangjevkbz. Gîanrn< Luno

Gnries Ab`kon. Vreùggk÷o Blbgutkvn `b Dinogn

Gnrèze.




>>2

LRNO GNTIEW ANOBHIKN.

>. ’Vrbses‑ . >;:8. Cerante< SJW , Geier. @urngk÷o< :‛.

Bsgrktn y `krkhk`n per Luno Gnries Anobhikn geo in

nskstbogkn tëgokgn `b Noteoke @unrtb y in nskstbogkn `b

`krbggk÷o `b Luike Heozîibz. Ngtüno Gnries Nidbrte

Nynin y Tuak Dehnè. Bi qukse vbr uo vk`be y bo in

tbibvksk÷o bogubotrn ni pbrseonlb qub aîs ib nsustn,

qub oe `bsbn vbr, qub ib ngerrnin, ib bogkbrrn, ib

ntrnpn... ëi sb sndb prbse `b su prepkn aîsgnrn.

4. ’Degbte‑ . >;:8. Cerante< SJW , Geier. @urngk÷o< 8‛.Tbnikzngk÷o `b Luno Gnries Anobhikn y Tuak Dehnè.

W÷ie dnstn uo iîpkz, uo pnpbi y geierbs pnrn geostrukr in

Nsuogk÷o qub teès subþno, pbre bo bsb iü`kge lubhe,

nihe e nihukbo oe `bln tbrakonr in tnrbn.

7. ’Bspbles‑ . >;:8. Dinoge y obhre. @urngk÷o< >6‛. Bsgrktn

y `krkhk`n per Luno Gnries Anobhikn. Kiuakongk÷o `b

Nidbrte Gnstkiie. Aüskgn Erkhkoni `b Tbob Nynin.

Nskstbogkn Hbobrni `b Tuay Dehnè y Noteoke @unrtb.

Ngtün< Akhubi H÷abz. Ron nggk÷o tno getk`knon geae

ncbktnrsb crbotb n uo bspble. Vbre gunoè bsb bspble sb

qukbdrn, ëi vb oe s÷ie su prepkn kanhbo.

0. ’ Peès geoegbaes bi ck oni‑ . >;::. Cerante< R-Antkg,

Geier. @urngk÷o< >>‛. Bsgrktn y @krkhk`n per Luno Gnries

Anobhikn. Vreùggk÷o `b @nvk` Vërbz Aeuokbr.

Kiuakongk÷o `b Nidbrte Gnstkiie geo in geinderngk÷o `b

Þbge Tndkte. Anqukiinlb `b Nrm \bon. Bsgboehrncán< Iuks

Gehikeie. Nskstbotb Pëgokge< Vndie Tuáz @ánz. Gîanrn<

Ságter Juhe Cbrrbkrn. Dno`n Erkhkoni Mrkzkn geo tban




>>3

geapubste y `krkhkè per Teinoè Gjnpnrre. Bcbgtes

Auskgnibs `b Teinoè Gjnpnrre geo in geinderngk÷o `b

Skgbotb Aernibs. Geer`konèr Hbobrni y NskstbotbPëgokge< Noteoke @unrtb. Nskstbotb `b @krbggk÷o< Tuay

Dehnè. B`kgk÷o< @nvk` Vërbz Aeuokbr y Luno Gnries

Anobhikn. Ron Vreùggk÷o `b @nvk` Vërbz Aeuokbr.

Ngtün< Akaeiugje. Peès obgbsktnaes nihe. Bi nrtkstn

obgbsktn `bi npinuse geae bi in`r÷o `bi rkge. Vnrn uo

akae, uo bsgbonrke vngáe, nþble, aubrte `b seib`n`.

W÷ie ib qub`n uo üitkae sjew pnrn rbvkvkr. Dusgn bsb

npinuse `bsbspbrnè, bsqukve, sbge. Vbre gunoè inseib`n` bs kapingndib, teès geoegbaes bi ckoni.

2. ’Bspngke‑ . >;:>. Cerante< SJW, Geier. @urngk÷o `b

46‛. Bsgrktn y @krkhk`n per Luno Gnries Anobhikn.

Gîanrn y b`kgk÷o `b Luno Gnries Anobhikn. Ngtungk÷o

`b Wno`rn Etnzü, Tncnbi Etnzü, Akhubi Etnzü y Luno

Gnries Anobhikn. In nggk÷o sb sktün bo bi Nþe 4662. Jny

uo tbadier, y trbs okþes qub`no kogeauokgnès bo uon

onvb. Roe `b biies `bgk`b trnosder`nrsb n in onvb

bspngkni pbre per uo brrer tëgokge ie bováno ni pnsnè,

geaboznoè nsá in nvboturn.

3. ’ Gnzn `b Drulns‑ . >;:0. Cerante SJW, Geier. @urngk÷o

0‛. Bsgrktn y @krkhk`n per Luno Gnries Anobhikn. Gîanrn

y b`kgk÷o `b Luno Gnries Anobhikn. Ngtüno< Inurn

Iurnhjk, Vntrkgkn Gnstkiie y Gnrie Wpntuzzn. Sk`be gikp

sedrb uo tban `b TRWJ qub onrrn ies rbgubrès `b uon

druln n pnrtkr `b uo pnyë qub rbnikznrn bo bi gbabotbrke

`b in Tbgeibtn.




>>8

8. In Ginsb `b Erhnoe . >;;6. Cerante< R-Antkg, Geier.

@urngk÷o< >6‛. Bsgrktn y @krkhk`n per Luno Gnries

Anobhikn. Kiuakongk÷o `b Nidbrte Gnstkiie. Bsgboehrncán`b Iuks Gehikeie. Anqukiinlb `b Grkstkon Huosbtt.

Vbkonès< Esvniè Duggk. Nsbserán Nrtástkgn `b Tkgnrè

Akhikerksk. Cete ckln `b Butbake Gubogn. Pátuies< Hustnve

Dboátbz. Auskgnikzngk÷o `b Peoy Npurki geo bi deibre `b

Ibeonrè Borkqub Sbhn ’Wbguëstrnab‑. Gîanrns `b

Luno Gnries Anobhikn, Vndie Tukz @ánz y B`hnr

Bsqukvbi. B`kgk÷o< Nitn Vreùggkeobs. Vrbpreùggk÷o `b

Ikzn Vnrb`bs. Vreùggk÷o Blbgutkvn< Abik Vbþn.@krbggk÷o Ngterni `b Pkte Gjnaerre. Ngtüno< Non

Tbgni`b, Niblno`rn Wkquet, Grkstkon Skhki, Jëgter Hnrgán

y Aîxkan Iuhe. Peès bo in gnsn bspbrno noskeses in

iibhn`n `bi precbser `b ÷rhnoe, pbre sedrb teè biin,

qukbo nojbin nprbo`br nihe aîs bo bsn ginsb.

EPTEW SK@BEW @B IEW :6

>. ’ Anh`nibon `b in gniib" >;8;/:6, dinoge y obhre,

tbiboevbin `b 42 gnpátuies. @krbggk÷o `b Wkivke Anrtáobz

pnrn bi Gnoni ;. Huk÷o `b Tehbike Wkivbre, prbpnrngk÷o

ngterni `b Tu`k Perhn, gepreùggk÷o `b gnoni ; y

Anrkiyo Angkbi botrb etres. Geo in kotbrprbtngk÷o ngterni

`b Hrngkbin Vnster, Wnrn Lkaëobz, Anrkiyo Angkbi botrb

etres. Anh`nibon brn uon gjkgn qub blbrgán in

prestktugk÷o y vkván bo uon gnskiin `b ies dnles, aîs

prbgksnabotb bo in Gjngnrktn geo uon sbþern qub

trndnlndn `b bapibn`n èaëstkgn bo uon gnsn `b

cnakikn dkbo. Anh`nibon botrn ni Dubo Vnster perqub in

kogrkakono bo uo `bikte `bi guni bs koegbotb. Wu




>>:

geapnþbrn `b vkvkbo`n pk`b nyu`n n sus pntreobs pnrn

ikdbrnrin y sb geaprubdn su koegbogkn. Wb bonaern y bs

rbsgntn`n `b in prestktugk÷o per bi oevke geo bi qub`bspuës sb gnsn.

4. ’ Ak qubrkè ègter‑ . >;:>. Pbiboevbin `b 46 gnpátuies

n geierbs baktk`n per Gnoni >7. @krbggk÷o `b Wbrhke

Crnhn `b in Tb` E Hiede. Geo in ngtungk÷o bstbinr `b

Nroniè No`rë. Vreùggk÷o pnrnhunyn.

7. "Tnzau`bi‑. >;:8. @krbggk÷o `b Crb``y Ingnsn. Bi

huk÷o y in preùggk÷o `b Lerhb Nyanr. Dnsnè bo uogubote `bi aksae Lerhb Nyanr, Aeogje Nzunhn y

Juhe @unrtb Anozeok. Gubotn uon jksterkn geapubstn

`b trbs rbintes.

0. ’Gnþes‑. >;:8, SJW, geier. @krbggk÷o `b Anrkiyo

Angkbi. Nskstbotb `b `krbggk÷o< Tudëo Gntni`k (j).

Gîanrn `b Crnogksge y Noteoke Mevngs. @krbggk÷o `b

gîanrns `b Crnogksge Mevngs. Huk÷o< Tudëo Gntni`k

(j). Bsgboehrncán jbgjn per bi Nrq. Jëgter Dboátbz

Perrbs. Prnùggk÷o ni k`kean hunrnoá `b Skgbotb

Gîr`bons y Pn`be \nrrntbn. Anqukiinlb< Nrm \bon.

Nskstbotb `b Vreùggk÷o< Buinike Dboátbz, @nráe y Inoy

Heozîibz. Geo Tna÷o `bi Táe, Dins Nignrnz y Anrkiyo

Angkbi. @rnan dnsnè bo uon jksterkn rbni, bi geotbokè

aubstrn ins `kcbrbotbs sktungkeobs qub ntrnvkbsno ès

jeadrbs pnrn rbnikznr uo rede. Ies pretnheokstns vkvbobxpbrkbogkns `kvbrsns qub ies iibvno n sktungkeobs

iáaktbs. Vnsno per bi akbè, bi tbrrer y bi bspnote.




>>;

2. ’ [n sey hrno`b‑ . >;:8. Sk`be `b ckggk÷o, `b 8 akoutes

`b ùrngk÷o, qub onrrn ies rbgubrès botrbinznès `b uo

nèibsgbotbs, sus predibans geo su k`botk`n`.Vrbsbotnè per bi Kostktute `bi Gkob pnrn Kocnogkn y

Luvbotu`.

3. ’Gnse `b Iuks‑ . >;:8. @krkhkè per Tbkoniè Anrtáobz.

Sk`be kospkrnè bo bi gubote ’In Vern‑ `b Hndrkbi

Gnsnggkn Dkdeikok, gubotn in jksterkn `b uo levbo qub

vkvb suhbstkeonè, jnstn qub su prepkn edsbsk÷o ie

vbogb.

8. ’ Geotrnaubrtb‑ . >;:8, `krkhk`n per Gnries Heozîibz

Druo. Sk`be kospkrnè bo uo gubote `b Nuhuste Ten

Dnstes, jbgjes bokhaîtkges gnrhnès `b suhbrbogkns

vkeibotns y n in vbz vktnibs.

:. ’ Bi pno `b gn`n `án‑ . >;::, `krkhkè per Lustkoknoe

\nrngje, preùgk`n per Luste Vkþîobz y Bstbdno

Gjîvbz, kotbrprbtnè per bi hrupe BSN, `b Gku`n` `bi

Bstb. Pkbob geae tban in jksterkn `b uon gjkgn qub

rbprbsbotn ins `kckguitn`bs `b in hbotb levbo pnrn

bogeotrnr trndnle bo uon gku`n` nlbtrbn`n geae bs bsn

gku`n` creotbrkzn.

;. ’Pkbape‑. >;::, bsgrktn, preùgk`n y `krkhk`n per

Anrgkni Wbrváo. Bs in jksterkn `b uo levbo èo`b sb onrrn

bi rbgjnze `b in segkb`n` jngkn ies bocbraes `b WK@N.

>6. ’Ro tni Lu`ns‑ . >;::, preùgkè per bi hrupe BSN,

`krkhkè per Lustkoknoe \nrngje. In jksterkn prbsbotn uo




>46

peskdib `án trnosgurrkè per Lu`ns Ksgnrketb, geo jbgjes

bokhaîtkges y suhbrbotbs.

>>. ’Tktes y gbrbaeokns‑ . >;::, `krbggk÷o Crnogksge

Gerrni, erkhkoniabotb jbgje bo süpbr : y iubhe

tbrakonè bo vk`be. In jksterkn prbsbotn jbgjes

getk`knoes y cnotnsáns aîhkgns `b naer y aubrtb,

bxprbsn`n `bs`b bi skadeiksae `b in kanhbo.

>4. ’Pnvnk Der`n‑ . >;;6, preùgkè per Aksk÷o `b Nakstn`.

Tbnikzngk÷o `b Nanè Nrrkbtn, Tu`k Perhn y Tedbrte

Akþe. Gubotn in aevkikzngk÷o `b ies gnapbskoes skotkbrrn, tbokboè geae tban gbotrni in egupngk÷o

rbnikzn`n per bstes y bi `bsniele n vbgbs drutni, n ies

qub seo seabtkès.

>7. ’Lu`ns‑ < >;;6, rbnikzngk÷o `b Gnykte y Grkstkon Ngestn.

Bs uo peban vksunikznè, uo jeadrb qub jndán skè

terturnè sb gubstkeon uon sbrkb `b tbans ngtunibs.

>0. ’Nèibsgbotbs‑ < >;:8, SJW, geier. @krkhk`n per AnrgbieAnrtkobssk y @ertb Tnade. Gîanrn `b Druoe Purrkok y

Anrgbie Anrtkobssk. Gehukeokstn< @ertb Tnade.

Ngtungk÷o `b Hndrkbin @unrtb, @ertb Tnade, Anrgbie

Anrtkobssk, Oeran Akheob, Okbvbs Dnrrbrn, botrb etres.

@rehn`kggk÷o bo in nèibsgbogkn, predibans ngtunibs

prbegupnotbs. In vksk÷o `b ies prepkes nèibsgbotbs

qub rbintn in jksterkn `b uon levbogktn ntrnpn`n bo bstb

tbrrkdib auoè ni qub iibh÷ dusgnoè uo bsgnpb y

bogeotr÷ uon gîrgbi.




>4>

>2. ’Prnosckhurngk÷o‑ < >;:8, SJW n geier. @krkhk`n per

Xnitbr Wni`ávnr. Gîanrn< Anrtáo Skbrgk. Huk÷o `b Xnitbr

Wni`ávnr. Ngtungk÷o `b Lerhb Dîbz y Oeran H÷abz. Rojeadrb nohustknè per ies bcbgtes `b su prepkn

grbngk÷o, kotbotn bsgnpnr jngkn uo iuhnr aîs niiî `b su

auoè.




>44

Gnpátuie 2

GEOGIRWKEOBW [GEABOPNTKEW

CKONIBWBo bstb gnpátuie sb bxprbsno ins geogiuskeobs n pnrtkr `b ies gun`res

geapnrntkves bindernès sedrb ies gkoge blbs, dnsnès bo ins

rbspubstns edtbok`ns `b ies rbnikznèrbs botrbvkstnès. Pnadkëo geae

geabotnrke ckoni sb `bln ndkbrtn uon kotbrrehnotb pnrn cuturns

kovbstkhngkeobs sedrb bi nu`kevksuni pnrnhunye, dnsîoèsb bo bstn

kovbstkhngk÷o sedrb in jkp÷tbsks `bi grbgkakbote `bi vk`be `b ckggk÷o bo

in `ëgn`n `b ies ;6 n rnáz `b ins rbnikzngkeobs jbgjns bo ies :6.




>47

>. SK@BEW @B CKGGK×O @B IEW:6< IE ANW VNTBGK@E N JNGBT

GKOB BO VNTNHRN[.>. ONGB BI SK@BE< BI NVEGNIKVWKW @B IEW CETANPEW.

Ni geaboznr in `ëgn`n `b ies egjbotn bi gkob yn tboán egjbotn

y gkoge nþes `b bxkstbogkn, per ie qub yn sb jndán geoseik`nè

geae cerante nu`kevksuni. Nüo su jbranon aboer= in PS qub

sb jndán `bsnrreiinè bo ies nþes 26, sbhuán usnoè bi

gbiuiek`b geae cerante `b èguabotngk÷o `b kaîhbobs,

gunoè oe trnosaktán bo `krbgte. Tbgkëo n pnrtkr `b ies 86, bivk`be ndrk÷ ins pubrtns n in kaprbsk÷o `b in kanhbo anhoëtkgn,

oe cetehrîckgn geae bi gkob.

Bo Vnrnhuny in PS npnrbgk÷ per prkabrn vbz bi 4; `b

sbptkbadrb `b >;32 y per uoes gunotes nþes sb sbhuán

usnoè pbiáguins rbvbrskdibs bo >3 akiáabtres, yn qub oe

bxkstáno indernterkes gnpngbs `b rbvbinr obhntkve. Bo >;86, bi

gnoni ; Gbrre Gerî (in prkabrn tbib`kcusern `bi pnás) yn

geotndn geo uo rbpreùgter `b vk`be TGN PT0 `b 4 puihn`ns

y 0 gndbznibs. Tbgkëo bo >;8: npnrbgb bi R-ANPKG geae

cerante koùstrkni geo in gkotn gudkbrtn geo uo gnsge pretbgter

tni geae in geoegbaes jnstn jey. Vbre bi vk`be nüo oe bstndn

ni nignogb `bi püdikge bo hbobrni. Bi cerante èaëstkge sbhuán

skboè bi gbiuiek`b (:aa y süpbr :) qub trnán geoskhe in

`kckguitn` `b su anokpuingk÷o y su nite geste. Vbre bi anyer

kogeovbokbotb `bi gkob bo bstb pnás bs qub oe bxkstán uoindernterke qub peskdkiktb in gepkn `bi obhntkve y bse boterpbgán

tbrrkdibabotb `kstrkdukr uon pbiáguin= geae oe sb pe`án gepknr,

oe sb pe`án iibhnr n uo püdikge anskve.




>40

N ckonibs `b ies 86 y geakbozes `b ies :6 npnrbgb bo bi

abrgnè pnrnhunye bi DBPNANZ (cerante `bsnrreiinè per in

WEO[) y bi SJW (Sk`be Jeab Wystba `bsnrreiinè per inLSG). Bstes ès cerantes sb geovkbrtbo bo ies prkabres

rbpreùgterbs y hrndnèrbs `b use èaëstkge `b `kstrkdugk÷o

anskvn.

Crbotb n te`ns ins vbotnlns `bi vk`be sedrb bi gkob= ùrngk÷o `b

in gkotn, in peskdkik`n` qub sbn rbhrndndib, in oe obgbsk`n` `b

rbvbinè btg., bi cngter bgeo÷akge cub bi aîs `btbrakonotb<

hrndnr bo vk`be brn bvk`botbabotb aîs dnrnte qub ckianr bo

gkob. Vbre bi vk`be tboán uon vbotnln aîs< bi gepknè brn

tëgokgnabotb skapib y bgeo÷akge, per ie qub `kstrkdukr uo

antbrkni brn peskdib y dnrnte, aîs pbrseons pe`áno nggb`br n

uo antbrkni sko `kckguitn` nihuon. Bi cngter bgeo÷akge suanè

ni `b in oevb`n` jkze qub bi vk`be bo ies :6 sbn oetkgkn=

preikcbrnsbo ies vk`be-giudbs pnrn bi niqukibr `b pbiáguins,

surlno ies cbstkvnibs `b vk`be, sb b`ktbo ins prkabrns rbvkstns

bspbgknikzn`ns bo bi tban, sb grbbo bspngkes `botre `b ies

prehrnans `b PS pnrn in `kcusk÷o `b gertes, bo cko, bi vk`be per

su vbrsntkdkik`n`, per su geste, per su cngkik`n` bo bi anoble

ndrb jnstn bi aeabote, uo gnakoe trnosktndib pnrn teès ies

geotnèrbs `b jksterkns, pnrn ies rbnikznèrbs n ies qub bi gkob

bs uo subþe `bansknè iblnoe.

4. BI SK@BE ÜOKGN NIPBTONPKSN @B JNGBT CKGGK×O BOVNTNHRN[.

Bi edlbtkve `bi prkabr blb brn bogeotrnr sk bi gkob, aîs niiî `bi

cerante, bsb gkob `b rbinte kociubogk÷ bo in preùggk÷o `b

vk`bes `b ckggk÷o bo ies :6. In rbspubstn bs oe.




>42

Vnrnhuny oe tuve uon trn`kgk÷o cáiakgn bo ie rbcbrbotb n ckggk÷o,

jude preùggkeobs nksin`ns geae Bi Vubdie, Gbrre Gerî,

Mnpnohn, ins pbiáguins `b ies niuaoes `b Geauokgngk÷o `b inRokvbrsk`n` Gnt÷ikgn, qub pe`áno sbr geosk`brn`ns tetniabotb

ongkeonibs per tbobr bi huk÷o, in preùggk÷o, in `krbggk÷o y in

anyerán `b ngterbs y tëgokges pnrnhunyes, nuoqub augjns

cubreo ins pbiáguins qub usnreo n Vnrnhuny geae bsgbonrke

(vbr bo bi gnpátuie KK, bo 4. Notbgb`botbs jkst÷rkges `bi vk`be in

pnrtb `b >. Drbvb Jksterkn `b in Gkobantehrncán Vnrnhunyn),

nsá geae ouabreses ies èguabotnibs y geabrgknibs jbgjes

bo 72 aa. Oe sb tboán, boteogbs, uon trn`kgk÷ogkobantehrîckgn ongkeoni geae sá ie tboáno Nrhbotkon, Aëxkge e

kogiuse Deikvkn, ok uo npeye kostktugkeoni n okvbi hudbronabotni

qub ie preaubvn.

Boteogbs bs ndsurè prbtbo`br qub uo gkob `b rbinte, sko

geotkouk`n` ok ruade tbaîtkge y geo uon konggbskdkik`n` bo

gunote ni sepertb tëgokge, pub`n kociubogknr n uo aevkakbote

`b vk`be `b ckggk÷o ongkbotb geae cub bi `b ies :6.

Ngî bs kapertnotb jngbr rbcbrbogkn ni tbrgbr y gunrte blb< bi

npertb `bi vk`be bo in `ëgn`n `b ies :6. Wk dkbo sb bspbrndn

bogeotrnr aîs `b ies 78 tátuies `b vk`bes `b ckggk÷o (rbnikznès

bo bi pbrkeè geaprbo`kè botrb >;8; y >;;6) y qub

peskdibabotb seo aîs, ies aksaes oe geotndno geo uon

anyer èguabotngk÷o `b su bxkstbogkn. Vbre hrngkns n in

nggbskdkik`n` tbgoei÷hkgn y bgeo÷akgn `bi vk`be, sb pub`b

geogiukr qub ies trndnles `b ckggk÷o rbnikznès bo ies :6 sb

geostktuybreo bo uo rbcbrbotb kapertnotb pnrn etres

rbnikznèrbs qub jey vkvbo `b bstb ab`ke nu`kevksuni geae

precbsk÷o. Jny uon trn`kgk÷o vk`bástkgn bo Vnrnhuny,




>43

bspbgkniabotb bo in rbnikzngk÷o `b gertes y ab`ke abtrnlbs `b

ckggk÷o perqub jude geotkouk`n` bo in rbnikzngk÷o `b ies

aksaes, ie qub pbraktk÷ kostnurnr bstkies, tbaîtkgns y uoncknoznakbote bo bi cerante, qub nyu`÷ n in precbskeonikzngk÷o.

Jey sb tkbobo trbs (7) vk`betbgns (in `b in Anoznon `b in

Tkvbrn, in Gkobantbgn y in `b Wno Ierboze), ès (4) cbstkvnibs<

Hëobsks geo guntre nþes `b notkhùb`n` y Pjb Aevkb Vrbakes

geo ès nþes `b notkhùb`n`, y oubves rbnikznèrbs, nsá geae

uo anyer veiuabo `b vk`bes `b ckggk÷o jbgjes botrb ies ;6 y bi

4666. Wb pub`bo geotnr, nprexkan`nabotb, 42 preùgterns `b

P.S. 3: `b`kgn`ns n prehrnans y geabrgknibs, guntre (0)

gnonibs `b nkrb (gnoni ;, >7, 0 y 4), ès (4) gnonibs `b gndib

(gnoni >6 `b Luno Nohbi H÷abz y uokgnoni `b GSG y PS@) y

trbs (7) skstbans `b gndib bo Nsuogk÷o< Gndibvksk÷o

Geauokgngkeobs (GSG), Pbibvksk÷o @krhk`n (PS@) y Geosergke

Auitkpuote Auitkgnoni (GAA)= aîs kogeotndibs `bi kotbrker. Bo

gunote n kostktugkeobs `b bosbþnozn, sb pub`b gktnr ni Gbotre

`b Bosbþnozn `b Pbntre y Gkob (GBPG) `b Gnries Dbobhns

èo`b sb bosbþn n pbqubþes hrupes `b niuaoes ceranès n

pnrtkr `b in `bano`n `b ies kotbrbsnès y bi Kostktute

Vrecbskeoni `b Nrtbs y Gkbogkns `b in Geauokgngk÷o (KVNG)

`krkhkè per Hukiibrae Kturrkbtn, qub tkbob uo okvbi aîs dkbo

uokvbrsktnrke y bs in kostktugk÷o `b bosbþnozn `bi nu`kevksuni `b

anyer kapertnogkn bo in ngtunik`n`.

In geogiusk÷o qub bi vk`be `b ckggk÷o `b ies :6 cub ie aîs

pnrbgkè n jngbr gkob bo Vnrnhuny, sb sustbotn bo qub brn ie

3: GÎIGBON, Ontnikn. Bi @ksbþe b Geauokgngk÷o bo bi nu`kevksuni. Abaerkn bIkgbogknturn `b @ksbþe Hrîckge `b in Cnguitn` `b Gkbogkns y Pbgoeiehán `b inRokvbrsk`n` Gnt÷ikgn `b Nsuogk÷o, 4666. Vîhs. 4>-40.




>48

aîs gbrgnoe qub sb tboán bo bsb boteogbs pnrn geotnr

jksterkns per sbr sedrb teè, ie aîs bgeo÷akge.

Roe `b ies edlbtkves `b bstb trndnle bs bi rbgubote `b ies

trndnles `b ckggk÷o jbgjes bo vk`be bo in `ëgn`n `b ies :6, in

`ëgn`n bo qub sb kostnur÷ bi cerante vk`be bo Vnrnhuny, n

trnvës `b gkoge pretnheokstns `bi qubjngbr nu`kevksuni. Wb

prepuse boteogbs, gudrkr uo vngáe bo bstb tban, yn qub oe

bxkstán okohüo tkpe `b rbcbrbotb bsgrkte ok èguabotngk÷o

skstbantkzn`n, s÷ie tbstkaeokes y nihuon qub etrn pudikgngk÷o

`b `knrkes e noetngkeobs `b ginsbs bspbgknikzn`ns.

7 BI NR@KESKWRNI VNTNHRN[E JE[

Ies blbs nonikznès aîs nrrkdn pbraktkbreo, sko badnrhe,

geogiukr bo ins nckrangkeobs abogkeon`ns bo bstb gnpátuie

pbre qub n su vbz, iibvno n aîs kotbrrehnotbs qub abrbgbráno

sbr tban `b etrns kovbstkhngkeobs. Ro tban bogeotrnè botrb

bses kotbrrehnotbs qub surhkbreo bs sedrb ins geo`kgkeobs ecngterbs qub pbraktkráno in geotkouk`n` `bi nu`kevksuni

pnrnhunye.

Vnrn kotreùgkr bi tban, bs kotbrbsnotb jngbr rbcbrbogkn n

Egnvke Hbtkoe< ’Ouogn geae njern cub tno vkskdib in

kotbrnggk÷o botrb gkob, tbibvksk÷o y vk`be< ab`kes qub pbsb n

geotnr geo gnrngtbrástkgns `b use `kcbrbogkn`ns tkbobo bo

geaüo su epbrntkvk`n` nu`kevksuni, sktungk÷o qub abrbgb sbr

`bstngn`n per su kogk`bogkn bo in guiturn y bo bi `bsnrreiie

kotbhrni `b oubstres pnásbs‑.3;

3; HBPKOE, Egtnvke. Ep. gkt. Vîh. >4.




>4:

Vnrn Hbtkoe, bi gkob y vk`be n pnrtkr `b ies ;6 geakbozno n

ceranr pnrtb `b uo bspngke ko`bpbo`kbotb y geaüo, geae bs bi

Nrtb nu`kevksuni. Nades kotbhrnotbs `b uo bspngke nu`kevksuniqub, n`baîs `b ecrbgbr bibabotes jkst÷rkges y guiturnibs aîs

e aboes geapnrtkès, prbsbotno predibans skakinrbs pnrn

`ksbþnr, preùgkr y `kcuo`kr in kanhbo y bi kanhkonrke `b ins

geauok`n`bs `b gn`n uoe.

’Bo tnote bxprbskeobs `bi kanhkonrke geibgtkve, bi gkob y ins

nrtbs nu`kevksunibs kapertno prkogkpniabotb per su

geotrkdugk÷o ni `bsnrreiie `b in guiturn `b gn`n geauok`n` y n

ies kotbrgnadkes botrb ins `kvbrsns guiturns. @bpbo`bo, n su

vbz, `b in gnpngk`n` qub tbohno ëstns pnrn preùgkr kaîhbobs

prepkns, yn sbn n trnvës `b uon koùstrkn nu`kevksuni e `b

ceran nrtbsnoni. Ron y etrn nitbrontkvns sb jniino

geo`kgkeon`ns, n`baîs, per bi okvbi `b `bsnrreiie iegni

(pedingkeoni, bgeo÷akge, segkni) qub `bckob in `kabosk÷o `b

gn`n abrgnè y sus peskdkik`n`bs `b ckonogknakbote preùgtkve

y, tnadkëo, per in peiátkgn qub gn`n hedkbroe kapibabotb bo in

antbrkn‑.86

Niblno`re Wgksgkeik 8> , jngb rbcbrbogkn `b uo hrupe `b

rbnikznèrbs pnrnhunyes sb bogubotrn kotbotnoè jey, per

teès ies ab`kes n su nignogb, iibhnr tnadkëo n trndnlnr bo bi

cerante gkobantehrîckge, nuoqub n pnrtkr `b in aubrtb `bi

süpbr : akiáabtres y in anskckgngk÷o `bi vk`be bs gn`n vbz aîs

`kcágki bi nggbse n in rbnikzngk÷o bo gbiuiek`b.

’Botrb tnotes etres, pub`bo abogkeonrsb n Luno Gnries

Anobhikn, Pnon Wgjëaderk, Tkgjnr` Gnrbnhn, Xkiseo `b

86 HBPKOE, Egtnvke. Ep. gkt. Vîh. 2.8> WGKWGKEIK, Niblno`re. Ep. gkt. Vîhs.< >4;/>73.




>4;

Weuzn, Hbr÷okae Duano, No`y `bi Vubrte, Tncck Gejno, Lesë

Bikzbgjb, Anrgbie Anrtkobssk, Vngktn Bogkon, Bùnrè Aern,

Hndrkbin \uggeikiie y Anoubi Gubogn. Augjes `b iesabogkeonès iibhnreo n rbnikznr vnrkns bxpbrkbogkns bo :, >3 y

72 aa. N`baîs, Luno Anoubi Wnikons, Nrnaá Rii÷o, @nráe

Gnrèon y Borkqub Geiinr, botrb etres, bstîo trndnlnoè geo

njáoge bxpbrkabotnoè bo `kvbrses cerantes `b vk`be geo in

abotb pubstn geae abtn ckoni, ginre bstî, bo bi gkob‑ 84. Gndb

`bstngnr qub ie üokge pudikgnè ngbrgn `b bstn `kspnrbln y

`ksgeotkoun jksterkn gkobantehrîckgn bs bi antbrkni bindernè

per Niblno`re Wgksgkeik Gkob ni `án. Ron aeoehrncán `bi sëptkaenrtb pnrn `kstrkdukrie bo cnsgáguies geo bi boteogbs `knrke Bi

@án, y uo ikdre bsgrkte per Nuhuste Ten Dnstes bo >;;7

`boeakonè Aks rbcibxkeobs sedrb bi huk÷o gkobantehrîckge y

bi huk÷o `b Jkle `b Jeadrb.

Vnrn Egtnvke Hbtkoe rbsuitn pege predndib qub uon ongk÷o `b

bsgnse `bsnrreiie pub`n geotnr geo n`bgun`ns bstrugturns

koùstrknibs y geabrgknibs pnrn in preùggk÷o gkobantehrîckgn e

nu`kevksuni, tni geae sugb`b bo in anyer pnrtb `b ies pnásbs

intkoenabrkgnoes. ’Bste koùgb n prepeobr peiátkgns

Guiturnikstns aîs qub Koùstrknikstns, bo ies tbrrkterkes aboes

cnverbgkès pnrn bstes ab`kes. Wko badnrhe, bi cuture `b ies

aksaes bstî seabtkè, obgbsnrknabotb, n in peskdkik`n` `b

geostrukr vbr`n`brns koùstrkns ‗`b gnrîgtbr ongkeoni,

sudrbhkeoni e rbhkeoni, sbhüo ies gnses‗ sko ins gunibs sbrî

gn`n vbz aîs `kcágki preùgkr kaîhbobs prepkns, e geapbtkr nbsgnin kotbrongkeoni geo ies pnásbs `b anyer `bsnrreiie

nu`kevksuni. Jbgje qub pe`rán sbr pege skhokckgntkve bo bi gnse

84 WGKWGKEIK, Niblno`re. Ep. gkt. Vîhs.< >4;/>73.




>76

`b koùstrkns `b`kgn`ns n in preùggk÷o `b anoucngturns `b

geosuae ko`ksgrkakonè, pbre qub n`qukbrb skohuinr

kapertnogkn gunoè oes rbcbrkaes n ins qub sb dnsnobspbgáckgnabotb bo geotbokès skad÷ikges, per ab`ke `b ies

gunibs pub`bo bxprbsnrsb nspbgtes bsbogknibs `b in k`botk`n`

guiturni `b gn`n geauok`n`. Pnadkëo seo ëstns ins qub tkbobo

anyer gnpngk`n` pnrn cnverbgbr bi kotbrgnadke botrb pubdies y

guiturns y preaevbr uo vbr`n`bre y `baegrîtkge

auitkguiturniksae‑.87

’Nadns `kaboskeobs, in guiturn y in bgeo÷akgn, in ongkeoni y in

rbhkeoni, geo sus kapikgnogkns segknibs y peiátkgns, oe jno

tbokè jnstn bi aeabote uo trntnakbote suckgkbotb ok n`bgunè

bo antbrkn `b kovbstkhngkeobs e bstu`kes. Ins gnrbogkns snitno

n in vkstn. Jndktuniabotb sb jn prkerkznè in `bsgrkpgk÷o

ngrátkgn `b ies pregbses jkst÷rkges, bi noîiksks `b ies `ksgurses

e dkbo, ins rbingkeobs `b pe`br botrb bakserbs y rbgbpterbs y

sus bcbgtes sedrb in pedingk÷o‑ geotkoün rbcibxkeonoè

Hbtkoe.80

Wb trntn boteogbs `b nonikznr bi prediban `b ies abrgnès `bi

nu`kevksuni bo in rbhk÷o (ABTGEWRT, Intkoenaërkgn, bgt.),

pbre oe s÷ie `bs`b bi nspbgte bstrkgtnabotb geabrgkni, skoe

`bs`b ie qub bs prepke b kotrnoscbrkdib n uon koùstrkn (e n uo

preybgte `b koùstrkn), rbsbrvnè n bxprbsnr ies pregbses

èo`b sb geostruybo y rbgrbno ins prepkns k`botk`n`bs

guiturnibs. Hbtkoe geogiuyb bstu`knr n in ’koùstrkn `b gnrîgtbr

bo`÷hboe qub n su vbz nspkrb, pnrn guapikr su ckonik`n`

87 HBPKOE, Egtnvke. Ep. gkt. Vîh.2/3.80 Kdk`. Vîh. >3.




>7>

bgeo÷akgn y guiturni, n krrn`knrsb jngkn etres pnásbs pnrn

guapikr cuogkeobs `b kotbrgnadke y borkqubgkakbote autues‑.82

82 HBPKOE, Egtnvke. Ep. gkt. Vî. >:2.




>74

DKDIKEHTNCÁN

NT@KWWEOB, Lesë Iuks. Nribquáo Pbntre. Vrkabrn pnrtb `b uon jksterkn. NrnoùrnB`kterkni. Cuo`ngk÷o Nribquáo Pbntre. Nsuogk÷o, sbptkbadrb >;;:. 007p.

NRAEOP, L.= N. Dbrhnin, A. Anrkb y A. Sbrobt. (Bstj÷tkqub ù ckia) Bstëtkgn `bi gkob.Bspngke cáiakge, aeotnlb, onrrngk÷o, ibohunlb. B`ktkeos Cbrono` Ontjno. Crnogkn, >;:7.Vîh< >66.

DBNRSNKW, @nokbi. Vreùgkr bo vk`be. Vrbb`kgk÷o `b Sk`be Pkbrs-Aeo`b Kog., Kostktutepnrn Naërkgn Intkon. >;:;. Vîh.<>;:/>;;.

DEGGKN, Nicrbè. Anrán Nohëikgn Heozîibz y Tesn Vninu. Bs ak kocerab< Ies nrgjkves

`b in peikgán `b Wtrebssobr . Gunrtn b`kgk÷o. Nsuogk÷o, Vnrnhuny. Gbotre `b@eguabotngk÷o y Bstu`kes. Egtudrb `b >;;0. 026 p.

GNDNIIBTE, Lnvkbr y Tedbrte Gëspb`bs (geap.). Tbnik`n` segkni `bi Vnrnhuny.Nsuogk÷o, Vnrnhuny. Gbotre `b Bstu`kes Notrepei÷hkges `b in Rokvbrsk`n` Gnt÷ikgn"Oubstrn Wbþern `b in Nsuogk÷o" y Gbotre Kotbr`ksgkpikonrke `b @brbgje Wegkni yBgeoeaán Veiátkgn. @kgkbadrb `b >;;:. :74 p.

GÎIGBON, Ontnikn. Bi @ksbþe `b Geauokgngk÷o bo bi nu`kevksuni. Abaerkn `bIkgbogknturn `b @ksbþe Hrîckge `b in Cnguitn` `b Gkbogkns y Pbgoeiehán `b inRokvbrsk`n Gnt÷ikgn `b Nsuogk÷o, 4666. >3> p.

BOGKGIEVB@KN INTERWWB KIRWPTN@N. Peae 2. B`kgk÷o bspbgkni bo >4 veiüabobs`bi Inreussb Pbaîtkge. Ntiîotk`n Gegjrnob Kaprbserbs, Hnráo, Nrhbotkon, >;;:. >733 p.

HBPKOE, Egtnvke. Gkob y Pbibvksk÷o bo Naërkgn Intkon. Vreùggk÷o y abrgnès. >rn b`kg., Ds. Ns., IEA B`kgkeobs/B`kgkeobs GKGGRW, >;;:. 4:> p.

HRPKËTTB\, ANTKE (b`kter.). Sk`be, tbgoeiehán y geauokgngk÷o pepuinr . Vbrü. KVNI.Vrkabrn B`kgk÷o, >;:;.40: p.

OKGETN, Hki`n y Vndie Hubrrbre. Kociubogkn `b ies gertes pudikgktnrkes bo okþes `b 8 n :nþes. Bstu`ke `b gnape `b ès hrupes segkebgeo÷akgnabotb `kcbrbotbs `b Nsuogk÷o.Abaerkn `b Ikgbogknturn `b Gkbogkns `b in Geauokgngk÷o `b in Cnguitn` `b Ckiesecán `bin Rokvbrsk`n` Gnt÷ikgn `b Nsuogk÷o, >;;3. p >>6.

TBGEO@E, Hrbherke (geapki.). ABTGEWRT< in `kabosk÷o guiturni `b in kotbhrngk÷o.B`. GKGGRW, Duboes Nkrbs, >;;8.

WÎB\, Lesë Iuks, WL. Gkob sko sbgrbtes. GBOGEGBV. Wnotknhe `b Gjkib, Gjkib. Anrze`b >;:3. >>4 p.

WGKWGKEIK, Niblno`re. Gkob ni `án. Ron aeoehrncán `bi sëptkae nrtb. Cnsgáguiesgeibggkeondibs `bi `knrke Bi @án. B`kterkni Auitkab`kn W.N. Nsuogk÷o, >;;;. Vîhs.<>4;/>73.




>77

SK@BE. BOGKGIEVB@KN VTNGPKGN. B`kgkeobs Oubvn Ibotb, An`rk`, >;:4. Vîhs.< 7 ‗;/>6. Peae >.

SK@BE. CKGJBTE VTÎGPKGE. B`kgkeobs. Oubvn Ibotb, An`rk`, >;:4. Vîhs. (7) 00/08

‗ (7) 3.




>70

NOBZE

K. BOPTBSKWPNW N KOCETANOPBW GINSBW.

TN[ NTABIB

Botrbvkstn rbnikzn`n per @kbhe Jbroîo Drea Nttkns bo Nsuogk÷o, bi 0 `bndrki `b 4666.

- µPuve nihuon bxpbrkbogkn `b gkob5

- Gunoè ye bapbgë n trndnlnr bo bstb eckgke, in anyerán `b ies trndnlespudikgktnrkes y èguabotnibs sb jngáno bo bi cerante ckiab, e sbn, sb jngáno

lustnabotb bo gkob. Bse cub niiî per bi nþe '8:. [... ak prkabr trndnle cub lustnabotb bo `kdules nokanès, bo uo bstu`ke `b `kdules nokanès, èo`bsb jngán in ckiangk÷o gun`re per gun`re.

Vestbrkerabotb, bo bi nþe '8;, ab teg÷ pnrtkgkpnr bo in ckiangk÷o `b uonpbiáguin èguabotni bo 72 aa qub sb iina÷ "G÷ae sb geostruyb uonongk÷o", bstndn preùgk`n y `krkhk`n per Nidbrte Inrbs, y tboán npeye `biakokstbrke `b Koùstrkn y Geabrgke y `b vnrkns botk`n`bs püdikgns yprkvn`ns, prbtbo`kboè sbr uo pege uo rbcible `b in rbnik`n` peiátkgn, segkni ybgeo÷akgn `b nqubiin ëpegn... nprevbgjnoè `b nihuon anobrn bi nuhb `bin geostruggk÷o `b Ktnkpü bo bsb aeabote, qub `ndn uon koybggk÷obgeo÷akgn auy kapertnotb ni pnás. Ro pege cerandn pnrtb `b bsn kovbrsk÷oqub pbraktk÷ tnadkëo in preùggk÷o `b Gbrre Gerî, qub sb jkze tnadkëo bobi nþe '8:. [... lustnabotb brn in ëpegn bo qub sb jkgkbreo vnrkes

èguabotnibs `b Ktnkpü, qub jngán Gnries Wnhukbr, qub jkze bi aksaeNidbrte Inrbs, èo`b ab teg÷ pnrtkgkpnr tnadkëo. [e bapbgë trndnlnoè njágeae ginqubtbre -brn bi oeadrb tëgokge qub ib `îdnaes oesetres, pbrerbniabotb brn uo sgrkpt-, iibvndn in geotkouk`n` `b in pbiáguin y jngán inpkznrrn y jngán bi rbhkstre `bspuës `b te`ns ins teans qub sb kdnojngkboè, bo cerante ckiab. @bspuës in pbrseon qub jngán in nskstbogkn `b`krbggk÷o snik÷ y qub`ë ye geae nskstbotb `b `krbggk÷o `b bsn pbiáguin ynbo su btnpn ckoni.

- µGeotrkduy÷ bo nihe bsn bxpbrkbogkn n su `bsboveivkakbote bo

vk`be5

- Bvk`botbabotb qub sá. Wupeohe qub bse ab `ke uon dnsb uo pege`kcbrbotb, geae grbe qub tnadkëo bs bi gnse `b Anobhikn, `b Wnhukbr, `b

Sëspeik, `b nihuon etrn hbotb qub jkze geae uo pnse kokgkni per bi gkob,boteogbs bse geae qub oes `ke uon nprexkangk÷o ni ibohunlbgkobantehrîckge y n ies rbgurses qub oeraniabotb sb utkikzno bo bstbcerante.

- Ongb bi vk`be bo ies ':6 y sb `bsnrrei ie µVer quë vk`be y o e gkob5




>72

- Ngî oe së sk sb rbckbrb "per quë vk`be y oe gkob" n per quë bi pnás utkikznvk`be y oe gkob e per quë ye trndnle...

- µVnrn ves bo quë nþe geaboz÷ bi aevkakbote `b vk`be5 Wbhüo

nihuoes `ntes, bo bi '8: jndrán iibhnè uon `b ins prkabrns gîanrns,geae qub bo bi ':6 yn nihuoes rbnikznèrbs tboáno gîanrns y bstndno

jngkboè nihuon bxpeskgk÷o.

- Wá. [e rbgubrè lustnabotb qub ye bapbgë n trndnlnr geo NuhusteHniibhes bo bi nþe '8;, ni tbrakonr bstn ckiangk÷o `bi èguabotni qub tb`klb, y Nuhuste Hniibhes bstndn trnyboè uon `b ins prkabrns gîanrns `bvk`be. Grbe qub bo bsb aeabote bstndno trnyboè ès gîanrns< uon intrnán ëi y etrn Dkb`branoo Vudikgk`n`, qub bs in qub in bapbgë n usnrBùnrè Sëspeik. N ie abler, ustb`bs tkbobo aîs `ntes sedrb bse.

- µBse brn bo Dbtnanx5

- Oe. Brn bo R-Antkg, yn brn bo R-Antkg. Brn uon gîanrn pbqubþn pbre geo

in aegjkin `b R-Antkg.

- In etrn pbhuotn sb rbckbrb n µg÷ae y per quë bi vk`be tea÷ cubrzn bo

bi pnás bo bi aevkakbote `bi gkob5

- Bo uoe `b ies gntîiehes `b uoe `b ies cbstkvnibs `bi Geoe Wur ye jndánjbgje uo geabotnrke sedrb bse èo`b geabotndn qub Vnrnhuny peraugje tkbape cub bi pnrnáse `b in bibgtr÷okgn. E sbn, ngî sb kotreùgánobqukpes auy seckstkgnès, auy ngtunibs bo bsn ëpegn, `b ies ':6, vboáno`krbgtnabotb `b Vnonaî ván INV, ván geaksnrkes `b nderè, nzncntns, btg.,y hrngkns n in hrno cibxkdkik`n` y hbobresk`n` qub jndán bo ins nuterk`n`bsnbrepertunrkns y `b nùnons boteogbs sb tboán augje nggbse n bsntbgoeiehán. [ grbe qub sb `n bo augjes îadktes. Nsá geae `b rbpbotb veskdns n in gnsn `b nihuon pbrseon y vbáns qub tboán uo bqukpe `b seokè nsá

`b bses niugkonotbs, qub oe tboán on`kb, y bo bi vk`be pns÷ uon gesnpnrbgk`n. Bo vk`be iibhndno gîanrns dnstnotb dubons pbrecuo`nabotniabotb ni okvbi `b nckgkeonès< gîanrns, vk`behrndnèrns. [botrndn augje ie geabrgkni, bvk`botbabotb, ie qub tnadkëo kdn n kr `krkhkèni abrgnè `b Drnski, Nrhbotkon, qub oesetres ërnaes ies prevbbèrbs bote`n in rbhk÷o. Boteogbs, ye grbe qub bse cerz÷ uo pege in epgk÷o per bsbcerante, kogiuse bo bstes `áns bstndn rbger`noè qub bo nqubi tkbape sbbapbznreo n jngbr ies oetkgkbres ongkeonibs bo gkob, qub bapbznreo npnsnr ni cerante geier.

- µBo quë nþe cub bse5

- [ bo ies nþes ':6= 8; u :6. Oe tbohe in k`bn prbgksn. Bse ie anoblndnGnriktes Dkb`branoo geo bi sbgrbtnrke `b in prbsk`bogkn, qub brn AnrkeNdè Dboátbz. [ bi gnanr÷hrnce sb iinandn Noteoke Ksnsk y bi bognrhnè `b

in pnrtb tëgokgn brn @eakohe Wuîrbz, qub bs bi pn`rb `b Wkivke Wuîrbz, qubnjern trndnln bo Nsuogkob. Boteogbs bstb sbþer @eakohe Wuîrbz, qub ynbstndn jngb tkbape bo Vnrnhuny, bapbz÷ n `bsnrreiinr uo indernterke `bgkob pnrn >3 y 72 aa bo bi indernterke Cëokx, qub bstî crbotb ni gkobGesaes. Biies rbvbindno njá Wüpbr :, botrndn tnadkëo bstn tbgoeiehán y,duboe, pnrbgán qub bse kdn n cuogkeonr y rîpk`nabotb kdn n geostktukrsb bouon nitbrontkvn pnrn ie nu`kevksuni pbre bi vk`be botr÷ tno cubrtb qub ye grbe




>73

qub cuo`k÷ bsn epgk÷o. E sbn, ab pnrbgb qub bsb indernterke yn oecuogkeon aîs. [ tnadkëo uo aeot÷o `b gîanrns qub tboán Gnoni ;. Gnoni>7 ouogn iibh÷ n geaprnr perqub biies bapbznreo bo bi ':>, boteogbs`krbgtnabotb sb tkrnreo ni vk`be. Vbre Gnoni ; uo aeot÷o `b gîanrns qub

tboán, nsá geae etrns preùgterns -Ingnsn, Vrksgkiknoe Wnoèvni, btg.- teèsies qub trndnlndno bo pbiáguin, bo >3 aa, bvk`botbabotb qub pbr`kbreo sukovbrsk÷o y prîgtkgnabotb bsns gîanrns, sk bs qub oe bstîo bo nihuon gnsn`b bapbþe, supeohe qub bstnrîo bo nihüo dnüi `b ies rbgubrès.

- Bsns gîanrns qub trnáno Nuhuste Hniibhes y Dkb`branoo

Vudikgk`n`... µBiies kapertndno perqub te`nván oe jndáno bo bsb

aeabote bo pinzn5

- Oe. Bo prkabr iuhnr qub oe jndán... ye oe së sk bo nqubi aeabote iesgerbnoes oe bxkstáno te`nván nsá geae vbo`bèrbs bo Vnian, ye grbe qubies gerbnoes bo nqubiin ëpegn brno ies `b tbrgbres oeaîs. [n bstndno iesvbo`bèrbs `b vk`be pbre oe brn uon gesn nsá tno trbabo`n geae njern,qub ves botrîs bo uo gerbnoe y bogeotrîs `b teè. Bo nqubiin ëpegn oe...

Ab ngubrè qub biies, bo bsb tkbape, jngáno ins vbotns gnsn per gnsn.Jndán hbotb qub tboán vk`bes pnrn hrndnr gesns bo sus gnsns. [ jndángkbrtn hbotb qub tboán in geogbsk÷o pnrn trnbr per bi nbrepubrte, ies hrno`bskapertnèrbs, jndán uoes gunotes hrno`bs kapertnèrbs. Weoy oe bxkstán yaboes nüo ins etrns anrgns. Peyetesjk bapkbzn n rbprbsbotnr Weoy bo iesnþes ':6, gunoè lustnabotb oesetres iibvnaes uon `b ins prkabrnsgîanrns geier, bo bi nþe '::, n Ksrnbi n jngbr uo prehrnan `b OebaáH÷abz. Boteogbs biies rbgkëo biies bstndno teanoè in rbprbsbotngk÷o ybstndno preaegkeonoè bses bqukpes, botrb bi ':3 y bi ':8. Notbs inrbprbsbotngk÷o `b Weoy tboán uo pbrseon qub oe ab ngubrè g÷ae sbiinan pbre qub brn nsá geae qub auy kocerani, oe brn uon gesn sbrkn qubves pe`áns tbobr rbpubstes, boteogbs in hbotb geae qub oe sb inrhndn n...Bsb brn uo pege bi prediban perqub oe sb trnáno tnotns gîanrns, pbre uopege bi abrgnè cub bxkhkboè y ye grbe qub kociuy÷ augje in gnik`n` `b

bstes trndnles qub... sedrb teè Sëspeik, qub tboán bi rbspniè `bDkb`branoo Vudikgk`n` y tboán in peskdkik`n` `b jngbr uo trndnle auyprecbskeoni n okvbi `b vk`be pbre geo uo ibohunlb `b gkob. Boteogbsbapbzndno n jngbr geabrgknibs auy bgeo÷akges pbre dnstnotb preiklesqub sb `bstngnreo per su gnik`n`, per su ibohunlb, y bse jkze qub biabrgnè `b vk`be n okvbi precbskeoni sb `bsnrreiinrn. Boteogbs vkokbreo insprkabrns gîanrns< in LSG, ins gîanrns `b anyer gnik`n` y ins ksins `bb`kgk÷o, btg., sb precbskeonikz÷ y npnrbgk÷ tnadkëo in peskdkik`n` `b insprkabrns preùgterns ko`bpbo kbotbs.

- Ies oetkgkbres `b Gnoni ; qub ab jndiîs, ni geakboze brno bo

>3aa...

- Wá.

- µBo quë nþe gnadkno biies n cerante vk`be5 µGuîoè jngbo bsb

gnadke sb vubivbo n geier5

- Wá, tkbob qub sbr bo bsn ëpegn...




>78

- Bo bi ':6, notbs `b Gnoni >7. E sbn, biies cubreo ies qub prkabre

trnlbreo vk`be y geier.

- Wá, 8;, :6 tkbob qub sbr, bo bsn ëpegn, perqub notbs `b bse teè brn bo

>3 aa y bi üokge qub jngán trndnles bo vk`be brn Hniibhes. Nuhuste bs uopbrseonlb kotbrbsnotb pnrn botrbvkstnrie `b rbpbotb perqub ëi tb pub`b `nraugjes `ntes. [e ab ngubrè jnstn njern `b uon kovbstkhngk÷o qub biiesjkgkbreo `b Vbtrepnr, qub bo nqubi aeabote brn Tbpsn, nsá sb iinandn inhbotb qub tboán in geogbsk÷o `bi pbtr÷ibe. [ jndán teè uo ntnqub qubjngán NDG y qub biies npeyndno `bs`b in tbibvksk÷o b jkgkbreo uonkovbstkhngk÷o= abtkbreo in gîanrn bo bi nute y brn uo oegjb `b iiuvkn, y brnkaprbskeonotb per prkabrn vbz vbr bo in tbibvksk÷o in gîanrn teanoè`bs`b n`botre `bi nute -oe brn bo vkve, brn hrndnè-, qub iibhndn... Brn uogesn bxtrner`konrkn perqub ves ouogn vbáns nihe nsá, brn uon pbiáguin. Sbr`b rbpbotb qub in gîanrn bstndn n`botre `bi nute y Bvnojy geoùgkboè ysb qub`ndn crbotb n in dnrrbrn y bi bapibnè `b Tbpsn ib `bgán qub oe sbpe`án pnsnr y biies ib `bgáno qub brno `b in prbosn. Bsns gesns qub njernsb jngbo teè ies `áns, pbre bo nqubi aeabote cub nihe tetniabotb oubve.

[ `bspuës ies vknlbs, qub biin jkze n ins Anivkons, n Ksrnbi, n oe së quë, nKtnikn, luote ni Vnpî, yn bse nprevbgjnoè in tbgoeiehán `bi vk`be. E sbn,geo ies gestes `bi ckiab bo bsb aeabote, teè bse judkbsb skè kapeskdib.

- µG÷ae pbrgk dk÷ bi trnspnse `b uo ibohunlb n etre5

- [e grbe qub nihe `b bse bs ie qub tb `bgán. Bi tban `b bsb rbspniè qub`ke bo ies gertes qub jkze bstb sbþer Sëspeik... [e rbgubrè qub bo nqubiinëpegn augjes `b oesetres oes rbskstánaes. [e, per blbapie bstndn geo inhbotb qub jngán `kdules nokanès pnrn in tbibvksk÷o, y bse sb jngán bogkob... Boteogbs oesetres ërnaes uo pege `b in rbskstbogkn, `b ies qub`bgánaes qub bo vk`be ouogn sb kdn n pe`br jngbr `kdules nokanès. Esbn, brn uo pege oubstrn nran `b dntniin, y nihuoes truges, nihuoes bcbgtesqub `b rbpbotb trntîdnaes `b jngbr. Vbre bi iege `b Sëspeik skbaprb sniángeo nihuons gesns `kcbrbotbs. Wkbaprb ib peoán `b rbpbotb nihuoes bcbgtes

gkobantehrîckges bo vk`be y prîgtkgnabotb bgjndn per tkbrrn ins tberánsoubstrns. Geae ërnaes uon geapbtbogkn, pbre uon geapbtbogknkotbrbsnotb, qub `botre `b teè preaevk÷ bsb `bsnrreiie `bi ab`ke qub bonqubi aeabote sb ikdrndn prkogkpniabotb pudikgktnrke y n okvbi `bgeotn`áskaes prehrnans ko`bpbo`kbotbs `b tbibvksk÷o. Jndán ès e trbsprehrnans< Bvnojy, bi qub jngán Wusnon Kdîþbz, y oe së quë etrn gesnaîs. Jndán auy peges prehrnans ko`bpbo`kbotbs `b in tbibvksk÷o, `bspuësin anyerán `b ins gesns jngáno biies y brno prîgtkgnabotb teès bo vkve.

- µûë bcbgtes us tb`bs ib vbáno ni vk` be5

- Bvk`botbabotb jndán uo `bcbgte `b rbseiugk÷o, `b gnik`n` `b kanhbo, `b`koîakgn `b geotrnstbs, e sbn, jndán augjn `kcbrbogkn, sedrb teè... E sbn,brn nihe geae `b piîstkge, oesetres skbaprb ntngîdnaes bo bsb sbotkè yskbaprb `bgánaes qub ouogn kdno n pe`br geosbhukr ie aksae qub bi ckiab,

pbre in tbgoeiehán sb cub `bsnrreiinoè y bi pnse aîs kapertnotb grbe qubcub lustnabotb bse qub tb `bgán notbs, `bi nþe :3, :8, gunoè npnrbgbo insgîanrns geo gjkps, y cub gunoè Peyetesjk tean in rbprbsbotngk÷o `bWeoy, trnb bsns gîanrns qub, n`baîs, brno augje aîs dnrntns qub insetrns gîanrns qub utkikzndno tudes, y brno augje aîs rbskstbotbs. Vrkabrequb oe jndán qub bstnr pbo`kbotb `b qub in gîanrn bstë bxpubstn e oe nisei, qub oe sb heipbb, qub oe sb gnikbotb. Ab ngubrè qub geo ins gîanrns




>7:

Weoy botrîdnaes y sniánaes `b crkheráckges, `b iuhnrbs `b nitn tbapbrnturn,niturns, dnln`ns, quë së ye. E sbn, ins peskdkik`n`bs bvk`botbabotb cubreoaugje anyerbs, n pnrtb `b in anounik`n`, `bi pbse y uon sbrkb `bvbotnlns. Grbe qub bsb cub geae qub bi pnse `bckoktkve y bvk`botbabotb

qub bs nihe n augjes oes tea÷ `b serprbsn. Oe pbosîdnaes qub bi vk`bekdn n prehrbsnr tno rîpk`nabotb y geo n`binotes tno kapertnotbs.

- Npertb qub `bln in ckggk÷o bo in `ëgn`n `b ies ':6 n cuturns

hbobrngkeobs `b rbnikznèrbs.

In ckggk÷o bvk`botbabotb brn nihe auy rbaete, pbre oe per bse brn nihequb oe cubsb ngnrkgknè `b nihuon anobrn. Kogiuse ye rbgubrè,abogkeondn n Nuhuste Hniibhes, per blbapie, y ak prkabr ngbrgnakbotegeo ëi cub per uon ckggk÷o. Bs `bgkr, ye lustnabotb ni tbobr geoegkakbote `bqub ëi brn bi üokge qub tboán uon gîanrn `b vk`be qub pe`án utkikznrsb nbsb okvbi `b jngbr bxtbrkerbs, ab ngbrge n ëi y ib pinotbe in peskdkik`n` `bjngbr uon tbiboevbin. [, duboe, ye bo nqubi aeabote tboán >: e >; nþes,uon gesn nsá, pbre Nuhuste ab grby÷ y ab pk`k÷ uon jksterkn, bapbznaes n

trndnlnr bo bse. Bvk`botbabotb qub brn uon iegurn. E sbn, brn uo iegurnperqub ok ëi ok ye ab`ánaes in bovbrhnùrn `b ie qub bstîdnaes pbosnoèjngbr pbre oes inoznaes n dusgnr nrtkstns, n jngbr gnstkohs, n pinotbnr inpeskdkik`n` bo bi gnoni, btg., btg. y sb nvnoz÷ uo pequkte bo bi preybgte,`bspuës oe së per quë qub`÷ truoge, bi Gnoni ; bo nqubi aeabote anobl÷etre preybgte qub sb iinandn Anh`nibon `b in gniib, èo`b geotrntnreo nuo hukeokstn y `krbgter nrhbotkoe qub sb iinandn Bùnrè Gbrbdbie, qukbosb jndán gnsnè geo in sbþern Abrgb`bs Angkbi `b Eivbkrn, qub bs injbranon `b Anrkiko Angkbi, in ngtrkz y preùgtern tnadkëo ngtuniabotb. [bstb sbþer jndán pe`kè geovbogbrib ni gnoni `b ckonogknr uo preybgte qubtnadkëo brn dnstnotb nadkgkese y qub kogiuse, ab geabotnreo `bspuës,tuvkbreo dnstnotbs `kckguitn`bs pnrn jngbr bi aeotnlb, btg., perqub oejndáno sbhukè uon bstrugturn auy er`bon`n pnrn jngbr in preùggk÷o,boteogbs cub uon gesn geae qub tnr`nreo uo nþe, aîs e aboes, bo jngbrin b`kgk÷o. [ ie aksae ib veivk÷ n pnsnr n bstb sbþer `bspuës, gunoè cub nGnoni >7 y niiá jkgkbreo Ak qubrkè ègter, èo`b ngtundn lustnabotb AnrkikoAngkbi geo Nroniè No`rë.

- µBo quë nþe cub Anh`nibon5

- Jndrán skè bo bi... Grbe qub jny uoe e ès nþes `b `kcbrbogkn oeaîsbotrb uo preybgte y etre, perqub ies ès bstuvkbreo rbspni`nès per bstbaksae pbrseonlb, per bstb sbþer Gbrbdbie qub cub uo nrhbotkoe qub bstuve`b pnse per oubstre pnás. Wk ani oe rbgubrè, :6 jndrî skè Anh`nibon,qub cub bo dinoge y obhre y qub sbrán cnduiese nihuon vbz geosbhukr uongepkn `b bsb antbrkni, ye oe së sk nihukbo tkbob, jno pnrtkgkpnè augjesnrtkstns ongkeonibs, bse sbrán jkst÷rkge. [ :> grbe qub cub... Tbniabotb grbequb Ak qubrkè ègter sb preùle bo bi ':> y sb pns÷ bo bi :4, perqub ieaksae ib pns÷ etrn vbz bo bi >7. Wb cub, prbsbot÷ bi preybgte, hrndnreo,

nouogknreo kogiuse, pbre aîs e aboes uo nþe tnr`÷ etrn vbz bo tbrakonrsbteè bi aeotnlb y baktkrsb ies gnpátuies `b bstn oevbin, qub yn cub bo geier.

- µG÷ae sb i inandn bi preybgte qub tboáns geo Hniibhes5

- Wb iinandn Bi jeadrb `b dinoge. Brn lustnabotb uon jksterkn `b aë`kgesy gesns nsá, pbre oe sb iibh÷ ok n hrndnr. Jkgkaes jnstn bi gnstkoh. Grbe qubcub per bi tban `b ies vknlbs `b Nuhuste y teè bse. [ sedrb teè jny qub




>7;

tbobr bo gubotn `b qub sb `bpbo`án `bi gnoni, qub brn bi üokge qub tboán inb`ktern. [ bsb cub uo edstîguie qub per augje tkbape tuvkaes iespreùgterbs. In anyerán tboánaes gîanrns pbre oe b`kterns. E oetboánaes trugn, oe tboánaes bcbgtes, boteogbs skbaprb bstîdnaes

`bpbo`kboè `b ins gnonibs `b tbibvksk÷o, y bse cub prîgtkgnabotb jnstn binþe ';6. Ins preùgterns oe brno geapibtns. Ron preùgtern brn uorbnikznèr geo uon gîanrn `b tbibvksk÷o y ès rbcibgterbs, bse brn teè iequb tboánaes.

- µRstb`bs tboáno qub pb`kr turoes bo ies gnonibs5

- Bxngte. Pnadkëo oes gedrndno per usnr sus b`kterns. Wb pnhndn yhbobrniabotb tboánaes qub trndnlnr n nitns jerns `b in oegjb, cubrn `bijernrke `b trnosaksk÷o perqub bses bqukpes brno ies aksaes qub bstndnoncbgtnès n in trnosaksk÷o, boteobs sb ikdbrndno rbgkëo n ins ègb, ègb yab`kn, uon `b in an`ruhn`n, y tboánaes qub `nrib uon prepkon n teès iesqub trndnlndno perqub biies bstndno sngrkckgîoèsb pnrn pe`br jngbr bsesantbrknibs. Ver supubste qub ibs kotbrbsndn, pbre brn dnstnotb sngrkckgnèteè bse. Kogiuse prehrnans y bse Luno Gnries (Anobhikn) `bdb rbger`nr, bi

gnse `b ies prehrnans `b @nvk` Vërbz geo Wusnon y geapnþán jngánotnadkëo nsá, jngáno n in an`ruhn`n, cubrn `b jernrke. Grbe qub jnstn gbrgn`b ies ';6 bsn sktungk÷o sb anotuve.

Duboe, bstîdnaes jndinoè `b in ckggk÷o. [e cubrn `b nqubiin prkabrnbxpbrkbogkn e `b nqubi prkabr kotbote, y `b nihuons gesns qub jndán jbgjetnadkëo bo >3 aa, qub inabotndibabotb oe sb geosbrvnreo, pbqubþeskotbotes `b ckggk÷o qub jkgb notbs `b ies ':6, `bspuës `b bse prîgtkgnabotbdusquë aîs botrnr bo bi tban `b ies èguabotnibs, y `blë uo pege `b inèin ckggk÷o per bsns `kckguitn`bs, bs `bgkr, geae qub ab heipbë nihuonsvbgbs y `klb qub oe kdn n jngbr pbiáguins per njern, nsá qub jngán etrngesns. [ bapbgë n jngbr èguabotnibs, jkgb uoe qub edtuve nihuoesprbakes, qub grbe qub bse aîs n`binotb ie vey n abogkeonr. [ `bspuës bobi ':3 sb `ke in peskdkik`n` `b jngbr uon ckggk÷o gunoè Gnrin Cndrk, uon

ngtrkz y nakhn, per sedrb teè, ab prepeob jngbr uo antbrkni qub sbn`k`îgtkge pnrn prbvbokr `rehn`kggk÷o. Boteogbs biin tboán ies geotngtes y binpeye `b in badnln`n oertbnabrkgnon y ins Ongkeobs Rok`ns, qub oes`kbreo uo pege `b `kobre, y Gnoni >7, èo`b ye bstndn trndnlnoè bo nqubiaeabote, oes `ke bi bqukpnakbote y bi bspngke b jkgkaes bsb antbrkni qubcub nrhuabotni y qub tnadkëo cub in prkabrn epertuok`n` pnrn jngbr uotrndnle geoluote geo Luno Gnries, qub bo bsb aeabote brn geae auyrbgeoegkè per ies bcbgtes, brn bi jeadrb qub jngán augjes bcbgtes bogîanrn. Boteogbs ab prepuskbreo qub ib iinab n Luno Gnries perqub n ëi ibhustndn jngbr iegurns geo in gîanrn. Boteogbs Luno Gnries vkoe geo susckitres y ib peoán ckitres n nihuons bsgbons b jkgkaes nihuons gesnskotbrbsnotbs pnrn `nrib uo gkbrte vubie n bstn jksterkn, qub brn rbniabotbskapib, guye edlbtkve brn aîs dkbo `k`îgtkge, auy prbgkse, uo abosnlb dkbo`btbrakonè, pbre cub uon bxpbrkbogkn sedrb teè pnrn botrbonr uo bqukpe,

pnrn vbr in peskdkik`n` `b anoblnr ngterbs, anoblnr vbstunrke, bsgbonrkes`kcbrbotbs, teè bse qub ceran pnrtb `bi trndnle `b ckggk÷o. N`baîs, NibxksHeozîibz, qub brn uo `krbgter `b tbntre rbgeoegkè, qub tnadkëo oes `kebsn peskdkik`n` `b trndnlnr geo ëi y, per supubste, nprbo`br augjáskae bosus tëgokgns `b trndnle.

- µSkvb ngtuniabotb `bi vk`be5




>06

- Ncertuon`nabotb, in peskdkik`n` `b bxpietnr `kcbrbotbs îrbns, `kcbrbotbsrudres `botre `bi nu`kevksuni, oe `krán `botre `bi vk`be s÷ie, ab pbraktb`bgkr qub bo bstb aeabote pubè sedrbvkvkr, oe vkvkr, pbre per ie aboesjngkboè, per uo inè, ègbogkn, per etre inè, ceranoè uo nrgjkve,

preaevbr gkgies `b gkob bo cerante vk`be, yn qub bs bi cerante aîsnggbskdib, y preùgkr tnadkëo nihuoes prehrnans, èguabotnibs y gertesgeabrgknibs. Wk tuvkbrn qub jngbr uon sein `b bsns gesns, bvk`botbabotbqub oe seinabotb oe sedrbvkvkrán, skoe qub predndibabotb bo vbz `b tegnrvkeiáo, tbo`rán qub jngbr geotrndnoè e nihuon etrn gesn aîs iugrntkvn.Vbre, per subrtb, bsn kvbrsk`n` b ngtkvk`n`bs ab pbraktb sedrbvkvkr.

- Sk`behrncán (ckggk÷o).

* Ro `án, uo okþe. >;8;. >3 aa. D y O (antbrkni pbr`kè). Oe sb tbrako÷ oksb bstrbo÷. Tbnikznè geo Iuks Gnsge Vnob, Nuhuste Tkqubiab y AnrgkniTuáz @ánz. Ngtün Luno Tna÷o Dboátbz.

* @bs`b bi tblnè. >;:3. R-Antkg. Geier. Aüskgn< Gnste @nráe Anrtáobz.@krbggk÷o ngterni< Nibxks Heozîibz. Huk÷o `b Iuks Rhjbiik. Geo Erinoè

Nanrkiin, Anrtn Tuhbi.

* Düsqub`n. >;:8. R-Antkg. Geier. Te`n`n bo Vnrás, geo biboge y tëgokgescrnogbsbs.

* In ckbstn. >;::. R-Antkg. Geier. Aüskgn< Gnste @nráe Anrtáobz. Huk÷o `bIuks Rhjbiik. Geo Nan Tbgni`b, Sbrbon Herestknhn, Sbr÷okgn Gno`kn,Tbhkon Dngjbre, Vndie Nr`kesseob, Gncë Gkdkis y etres.

* Vbr`kès. >;:;. R-Antkg. Geier. Aüskgn< Tboë Nynin. Geo LesëAnièonè, Wbivn Tkqubiab y etres.

* In vksktn. >;;6. R-Antkg. Geier. Aüskgn< Vbtbr Xbstbranoo. Geo JëgterWkivn, Gietki`b Gndrni, Tesbanry Dehhkoe, Lerhb Tnaes, Luno Gnries

Gnþbtb.* Vnrte bo in nrbon. >;;6. R-Antkg. Geier. Gubotn `b Obk`n Aboèzn. GeoCîtkan `bi Wei.

* Aeabotes. >;;>. R-Antkg. Geier. Geo Iuks Gnstnhokoe, Tessnon Bsqukvbiy etres. Aüskgn `b Wáotbsks.

* Ginresgure. >;;>. R-Antkg. Geier. Geo Tesbanry Dehhkoe y Brkg Nsgnrzn.Sez b Ayrkna Wkborn sedrb pebans b Ieur`bs Bspáoein.

* Ikdbrn`n. >;;>. R-Antkg. Geier. Geo Lerhb Tnaes, Luno Ck``bs, IkiknonGnotbre, Jëgter Wkivn y etres. Aüskgn `b Gnries Oehubrn. Dnsnè bo bipeban "Ver quë" `b Bivke Teabre.

* Geovkvbogkn. >;;4. R-Antkg. Geier. Geo Lerhb Tnaes, Nan`n H÷abz yetres. Dnsnè bo in gnogk÷o "Oe dnstn" `b Crnoge @b Sktn.

* Nihe jny qub jngbr . >;;4. R-Antkg. Geier. Geo Tna÷o `bi Táe.




>0>

* Sbr`n` eguitn. >;;7. R-Antkg. Geier. Wbrkb `b PS sedrb nrhuabotes `bJbike Sbrn, geo Gnries H÷abz, Weokn Anrgjbwsmn, Crnogksge Dkrostkii ybiboge.

* Vredibans. >;;7. R-Antkg. Geier. Geo Niblno`rn Nanrkiin, Hustnve Anráo,Tessk Wnondrkn y etres. Aüskgn< Vkie Iierbt.

* Heipb n heipb. >;;0. R-Antkg. Geier. Geo Juadbrte Huikoe, Nan`nH÷abz, Vbpb Hnibrn y etres.

* @bgkskeobs. >;;3. R-Antkg. Geier. Geo Teinoè Dkb`branoo, Ikz Koscrîo yetres.

- Vrbakes e abogkeobs.

* Cbstkvni `b @eguabotnibs `bi Pbrgbr Auoè `b Gerbn (BxpbrkaboteVskgei÷hkge).

* Ies ègb `bi nþe (Bxpbrkabote Vskgei÷hkge).

* Cbstkvni Wu`nabrkgnoe b Gerteabtrnlbs b Nsuogk÷o (Ikdbrn`n).

* Cbstkvni Auokgkpni `b Sk`bes (Ikdbrn`n).

* Cbstkvni b Skbon (Ikdbrn`n).

- µIibhnstb n usnr ni vk`be geae jeddy5

- Grbe qub oe. Vnrn`÷lkgnabotb ye brn uon `b bsns pbrseons qub oe tboánuon gîanrn `b vk`be ok uon vk`behrndnèrn bo su gnsn. Bi cnaese "bognsn `b jbrrbre, gugjkiie `b pnie". [e tboán etres jeddkbs, `b rbpbotb abhustndn jngbr tbntre, tboán hrupes `bi dnrrke geo ies gunibs jngánaestbntre, ab hustndn bsgrkdkr, btg. Vbre bi tban `b vk`be rbniabotb ye rbgkëonjern, `bspuës `b augjes nþes, tbohe uon gîanrn `b nckgkeonè bo gnsn.

- µPuve nihuon kociubogkn b `krbgterbs ongkeonibs e bxtrnolbres5

- Grbe qub sá, supeohe qub skbaprb jny nihuon kociubogkn, pbre oe së sk nokvbi auy geosgkbotb. Wbhurnabotb qub tbo`rán qub jngbr etrn pbrseon uonoîiksks `b ak trndnle pnrn bvniunr bse, sk jn jndkè nihuon kociubogkn.

- µ[ bo bi sbotkè `b qub nàkrîs gkbrtn ceran `b jngbr gkob `b nihüo

`krbgter5

- Ab hustn augje Mudrkgm, Mksievsmk, Snkrn, Wudkbin, Xee`y Niibo,Dbrhano, nihuons gesns `b Nia÷èvnr, pbre oe `btbgte nsá uon kociubogkn`krbgtn y tnapege `btbgte jnstn njern uo bstkie auy pnrtkguinr y auy`bckokè nsá geae pnrn qub ye `kcbrbogkb uon pbiáguin aán `b in `b etregeibhn, tnapege ye `bckoe auy dkbo uo bstkie bo pnrtkguinr.

- µ[ botrb ies `krbgterbs ongkeonibs5

- [... Oe së, ye grbe qub sá jny uon nprexkangk÷o, jny nihuons gesns qub`b rbpbotb... [e grbe qub ie qub jny bs skbaprb uo kotbrgnadke `bbxpbrkbogkns, y bi jbgje `b vbr `b rbpbotb g÷ae uo geapnþbre jn rbsubitenihe n okvbi `b huk÷o e n okvbi `b anoble `b uo ngter e n okvbi `b uo




>04

bsgbonrke e `b nihüo rbgurse `b preùggk÷o, btg., aîs dkbo bse. Vbrekociubogkns bstkiástkgns bs ie qub ye grbe qub oe jny perqub tnadkëo ye grbequb te`nván oe tbobaes uo bstkie auy dkbo `bckokè, oe së... [e grbe qub bsauy `kcágki tbobr uo bstkie gunoè tbobaes ikaktngkeobs auy preouogkn`ns,

sedrb teè bo ie bgeo÷akge, gunoè tbobaes uon hrno `kckguitn` pnrngeosbhukr ies rbgurses pnrn jngbr uon preùggk÷o. Boteogbs, bs geaednstnotb geapikgnè, gunoè `b rbpbotb bstnaes jngkboè ins gesnsperqub bse bs ie qub jny pnrn jngbr y oe bs uon epgk÷o. @b rbpbotb ye useuon `btbrakon`n iuz e use uo `btbrakonè antbrkni pnrn jngbr uo trndnleperqub oe tuvb nihe abler. [ aboes qub aboes bo ie bsgboehrîckge, bo ievksuni, per blbapie, ye oe tbohe `b rbpbotb bi bsgbonrke qub qukbre, skoe biqub pubè, bi qub ab cngkiktn uo nakhe qub pkotn, qub bs piîstkge, qub ibhustn e nihukbo qub vkbob y `b eo`n ab nyu`n, ginvn uo ginve bo in pnrb`,peob uo gun`re, btg. Boteogbs bse bs ie qub te`nván oes cnitn. Oe së skbstey hbobrnikznoè ni pbè, n ie abler etres geibhns pbosnrno qub oe, qubbi tban `bi bstkie pnrn per etrn gesn. Ver ie aboes ye grbe qub oe bstnaeste`nván `bckokboè bse, y oe ie vnaes n pe`br jngbr jnstn qub oeablerbaes bo gunote n in pnrtb prbsupubstnrkn.

- Drbvb rbinte `b cutures preybgtes .

- Oe së quë geabotnrtb. Bo gunote n cutures preybgtes jny augjns gesnsbo vk`be, bo gkob, qub `b rbpbotb uoe pkbosn qub sb pub`b jngbr, pbreteè pnsn qukzîs per luotnr `kcbrbotbs bscubrzes, `kcbrbotbs preybgteskogiuse pnrn trntnr `b iibvnries n gnde. Ab hustnrán nihuon vbz, per blbapie,qub pu`kërnaes jngbr bo Vnrnhuny uon bxpbrkbogkn geae jno jbgjehrno`bs `krbgterbs, kogiuse qub sb puskbreo `b ngubrè pnrn jngbr luotesuon pbiáguin, èo`b gn`n uoe jngb uo rbinte, per blbapie. Bo uon pbiáguin`b jern y ab`kn, pnrn gkob bstey jndinoè, `b preote jny gkoge e sbks`krbgterbs `kcbrbotbs trndnlnoè gn`n uoe bo uo gubote `kcbrbotb. Bsb tkpe`b gesns ab pnrbgb qub sbráno kotbrbsnotbs, sedrb teè sbrán niherbprbsbotntkve. Verqub `b rbpbotb bstnaes jngkboè gertes, gertes, gertes -ies qub bstîo jngkboè, ye in vbr`n` qub jngb tkbape oe bstey jngkboè

on`n bo gertes, n okvbi `b ckggk÷o sedrb teè, skoe aîs dkbo bsteytrndnlnoè bo èguabotnibs, geabrgknibs y nyu`noè n nihuoes prehrnans`b tbibvksk÷o... Boteogbs pkbose qub bs uo pege in jern `b botrnr bo etrescerantes, `b jngbr uo pege gesns aîs inrhns, `b anyer bovbrhnùrn, pnrntbobr tnadkëo uon anyer prbsbogkn bo cbstkvnibs, bo te`ns bstns aubstrnskotbrongkeonibs èo`b `b rbpbotb sb pub`b pnrtkgkpnr. [ tnadkëo uonnprbgkngk÷o auy `kcbrbotb bo oubstre prepke abrgnè. Pe`nván seaes iesieges qub jngbaes jnstn gesns per jeddkbs y te`nván oe tbobaes bsbrbspbte `b oubstre prepke püdikge, yn qub in üokgn hbotb qub bstî pu`kboèanoblnr uo preybgte `b ckggk÷o geotkoue, in hbotb `b Weadrns bo in oegjb yOubstres cnotnsans, seo ies üokges qub bstîo `bsnrreiinoè y rbniabotb bsgnsk uon kokgkntkvn `b ngterbs, ik`brnès per Gietki`b Gndrni, qub aîs bs uonpbrseon qub ib hustn bi tbntre, bi nrtb, in tbibvksk÷o, per npeynr tnadkëo nsus geapnþbres ngterbs. Boteogbs, oesetres, ies qub bstnaes aîs bo in

rbnikzngk÷o -Anobhikn, Anrtkobssk, Wnhukbr, ye, btg.- oe bstnaes pu`kboè`bsnrreiinr bo ceran geotkoun, per ie aboes, bi cerante ckggk÷obspbgáckgnabotb.

- Cbstkvnibs ongkeonibs qub rbgubr`n.

- Ies aksaes qub sb abogkeono ngî. Tbgubrè bi cbstkvni `bi ’Luno `bWninznr‑, bi cbstkvni `b in rbvkstn "Sk`be Obw Anhnzkob"...




>07

- µVnrtkgkpnstb `b bses cbstkvnibs5

- Wá.

- µGeo quë antbrkni bo bi `bi ’Luno `b Wninznr‑5

- Geo vnrkes, oe së... Sey n trntnr `b jngbr uon rbsbþn `b bse. Etrescbstkvnibs oe rbgubrè.

- µGeoegb nihuon vk`betbgn5

- In vk`betbgn `b in Anoznon `b in Tkvbrn, èo`b tbobaes grbe qub bi 36 686 per gkbote `b ins gesns bo ckggk÷o y `b ies èguabotnibs qub sb jnojbgje bo bi pnás. Augjes `b bstes antbrknibs, e uon pnrtb, per ie aboes,bste bs nihe qub bo su aeabote rbgepki÷ in gkobantbgn ongkeoni. Biiesrbgepkinreo bo uon aubstrn ktkobrnotb, qub lustnabotb ab jndáno pb`kèjngbr in rbvksk÷o `b bsb antbrkni, oesetres b`ktnaes, gepknaes bsesantbrknibs pnrn in gkobantbgn, ies tbobaes ngî, bo in Anoznon `b inTkvbrn, y tnadkëo nihuons etrns gesns qub cukaes geoskhukboè `b etresinès< `b preùgterns, `b rbnikznèrbs ko`bpbo`kbotbs, y `b Pbibùgngk÷o y`b nihuons botk`n`bs qub jngbo... Oe seinabotb ckggk÷o skoe tnadkëoèguabotnibs.

- µGuîotes tátuies tkbobo ngî5

- Oe së gunotes... Gkogubotn jndrî, pbre jny augjns gesns qub seo edrns`b tbntre `bi Nribquáo e `bi tbntre Hunrnoá, Ins treynons, In aubrtb `b uovknlnotb, btg.

- Pnadkëo tkbobo tátuies bxtrnolbres nquá...

- Wá. Pbobaes uon geibggk÷o `b giîskges y vnrkns gesns aîs, qub seoantbrknibs qub seo aáes, rbniabotb, oe seo `b in vk`betbgn `b in Anoznonbo sá.

- µGeoegkstb Tnzau`bi5- Bi `krbgter cub Crb``y Ingnsn. Bi huk÷o y in preùggk÷o `b Lerhb Nyanr.Cub sedrb uon oevbin `b Nyanr, Aeogje Nzunhn y Juhe @unrtb Anozeok.

ANORBI GRBOGN

Botrbvkstn rbnikzn`n per @kbhe Jbroîo Drea Nttkns bi >> `b ndrki `b 4666 boNsuogk÷o.

- µPuvkstb nihuon bxpbrkbogkn bo gkob5

- µG÷ae bo in pnrtb `b rbnikzngkeobs5

- Njn...

- Oe. Tbniabotb skbaprb trndnlë bo vk`be, n bxgbpgk÷o `b pbqubþe trndnlequb jkgkaes bo : aa bo in Rokvbrsk`n` Gnt÷ikgn, qub jndrî skè n ckonibs`b in `ëgn`n `bi '86, uo gerte, pbre gertkte, qub jkgkaes ko`kvkùniabotb. [`bspuës rbgubrè qub jkgkaes uo antbrkni geo bi pn`rb Aeotbre, qub sbjkze bo ès vbrskeobs< uon bo >3 aa y etrn bo : aa, bo bi guni ye bstndn




>00

bo bi bqukpe `b huk÷o. Bsb trndnle oe sb iibh÷ n tbrakonr perqub oe jude`kobre pnrn rbvbinr y grbe qub qub`÷ bo uon jbin`brn `b Skgbotb Anrsni -qub brn gnanr÷hrnce- jnstn qub oe së quë jndrî pnsnè `b bsb antbrkni.Vbre n bxgbpgk÷o `b bse, oe... E sbn, aîs qub prbsbogknr ckiangkeobs qub

sb jngáno e ins pegns gepreùggkeobs qub sb jkgkbreo ngî... [e cukgnanr÷hrnce `b gnstkoh pnrn "Wnan", qub ouogn sb rbnikz÷. Bse sá< judeskbaprb uo geotngte `b vbr g÷ae jngán in hbotb ckiabs, pbre oe geaerbnikznèr.

- Wkbaprb prbsbogknoè...

- Ginre... Geae gnanr÷hrnce `b gnstkoh bo bi gnse `b "Wnan" e bo inrbnikzngk÷o `b bstes antbrknibs bo : aa e >3 aa, qub uoe `b biies bstuve`krkhkboè, pbre qub cub uo trndnle gertkte, `b ès akoutes, grbe qub sbiinandn... oe ab ngubrè. [ bstb trndnle qub jkgkaes geo bi pn`rb Aeotbre.

- In RGN tboán bqukpes `b vk`be...

- Wá. Bi bqukpe bstb `b in RGN, bi tniibr `b gkob, surhk÷ `bspuës. [ ye grbequb cub geosbgubogkn `b bstes trndnles qub jngánaes geo bi pn`rbAeotbre, èo`b bstndno Dbntrkz Veapn, Iuks Rhjbiik y etrn hbotb... EsgnrPerrbots, Cierbs... [ biies sá jkgkbreo... Jny uon qub sb iinan Bi dbse, qubbiies prbsbotnreo y `bspuës etrns qub oe së sk sb iibhnreo n prbsbotnr e oe,pbre jkgkbreo vnrkes trndnles.

- µIes bqukpes ` b in RGN brno teès `b Wüpbr :5

- @b Wüpbr :. Vbre oe së sk brno `b in RGN, npnrbotbabotb brno `b nihuonpbrseon qub ies prbstndn. In gîanrn `b >3 aa qub sb us÷, per blbapie,`botre `b in ginsb Pëgokgn y Bstëtkgn `bi Gkob e Vrîgtkgn `b Gkob, grbe qubbrn `b Skgbotb Anrsni, qub bs ieguter, pbre tnadkëo ckiandn b jkzegeabrgknibs pnrn tbibvksk÷o bo ies prkabres tkbapes. [ in gîanrn `b : aaoe së, jndrî skè `b nihukbo. [e grbe qub in RGN tboán uoes bqukpes `bvk`be bo reiies `b ab`kn puihn`n, cerante qub yn oe bxkstb bo bi auoè,

bqukpes Weoy, sbráno ie qub njern seo ies Dbtn pbre bo gnssbttb. Bse brn iequb jndán bo in RGN...

- N pbsnr `b qub oe cukstb rbnikznèr, `b nihuon anobrn bo in cnguitn`

tb ceranreo geo dnsbs `b gkob.

- Ginre. Bstn bxpbrkbogkn geo bi pn`rb Aeotbre grbe qub cub cuo`nabotniperqub brn uon `b ins ablerbs antbrkns, oe së sk perqub n aá ab hustndnbi gkob. [e quksb bstu`knr gkob ncubrn jnstn qub `bspuës pbosë qub oevnián in pbon y prbcbrá qub`nrab ngî jngkboè tbibvksk÷o, qub brn iegeogrbte qub jndán... Brn uon antbrkn auy abt÷`kgnabotb `bsnrreiin`n, oebrn gn÷tkgn geae pnsndn n vbgbs geo etrns antbrkns bo in RGN, y tboán uosbabstrb, qub sb iinandn Pëgokgn y Bstëtkgn `bi Gkob, bo bi guni vbánaes`kstkotes nspbgtes `bi ibohunlb gkobantehrîckge. Tbgubrè, per blbapie, bi

use `b pinoes, teè bse pbre dkbo abt÷`kgnabotb. [ `bspuës, in sbhuo`npnrtb qub brn prîgtkgn y qub jkgkaes bste y qub tboánaes bqukpes... [ brnauy kotbrbsnotb perqub rbgubrè qub sb rbgkdáno ins prepubstns `b huk÷osedrb uo gubote `b Anrke Jniiby Aern `b teès ies qub qubráno pnrtkgkpnr.[ sb bibhán bi qub cubrn bi abler, y sedrb bse etre tkpe veiván n trndnlnr,jndán uo bqukpe `b rbnikzngk÷o, etre `b preùggk÷o, rbgubrè qub sbgeostruy÷ uo rnogje qub sb kogbo`kndn bo bi Geibhke Pëgokge Lnvkbr, qub




>02

bo nqubiin ëpegn qub`ndn bo uo sudurdke, bo ab`ke `bi aeotb... y oerbgubrè augjes `btniibs perqub bste jndrî skè bo bi '83, aîs e aboes.

- µWb jngán teè bo >3 aa5

- Wá, bo dinoge y obhre. [ sb ckiandn geo ès gîanrns, geae ès vbrskeobs,perqub nsá jndán peskdkik`n`bs `b qub aîs hbotb jkgkbrn gîanrns. In `b :aa oe së sk sb rbvbi÷, y in `b >3 aa oe jndán `kobre y sb hunr`÷ bo uonjbin`brn y `bspuës oe së quë pns÷. Geae tbrako÷ bi sbabstrb, inhrndngk÷o qub`÷. Vbre `bspuës vkbob bstb hrupe `b hbotb qub jngb biPniibr Rokvbrsktnrke `b Gkob (PRG), qub sá jngbo augjes trndnles bo : aa.

- µBo bi guîi pnrtk gkpnstb5

- Oe, grbe qub bstndn trndnlnoè augje geo bi tbntre `b tátbrbs bo Aksk÷o`b Nakstn` y brn uo trndnle rbotndib, nihe auy rnre pnrn nqubiin ëpegnpnrn uo trndnle nrtástkge. [ bse ab ndserdán augje tkbape y grbe qubbstndn te`nván bstu`knoè bo in RGN y grbe qub trndnlndn bo nihuonsgubstkeobs b tbibvksk÷o, boteogbs oe iibhuë n pnrtkgkpnr.

- Ab pe`ráns `nr aîs `btniibs ngbrgn `bi tbntre `b tátbrbs bo Aksk÷o `b

Nakstn`.

- Jny ès bibabotes kotbrbsnotbs< Luno Gnries Anobhikn bstuve uo tkbapebo bi tniibr, grbe qub geae niuaoe `b nihüo gurse, y ëi utkikz÷ auþbges bosus prkabres trndnles. [, per etrn pnrtb, grbe qub nprbo`á uo pege bisbgrbte `bi rbinte, g÷ae bstrugturns jksterkns, g÷ae utkikznr bspngkes,geierbs, bo bi tbntre `b tátbrbs. Cub uo tbntre geo augjn gnik`n` y niiábapbgë n usnr bqukpes `b vk`be. Pboánaes bqukpes `b vk`be R-Antkg, qubinstkaesnabotb oe vkokbreo geapibtes, qub brno pnrn jngbr nihuons gesnsbo tbibvksk÷o bo vkve, hrndn`ns, pbre jude predibans, sb bognrh÷ ani, oeiibh÷ dkbo y ouogn pu`kaes usnr pnrn tbibvksk÷o pbre usîdnaes augjeoesetres pnrn jngbr gesns kotbrons.

Bi tbntre `b in Aksk÷o `b in Nakstn` sb grb÷ bo bi '32. Cub grbnè per uoantrkaeoke `b akskeobres `b in Khibskn @ksgápuies `b Grkste qub trndnlndnobo bi îrbn `b trndnle segkni. Ëi bs nabrkgnoe y biin uruhunyn jkln `b sukzes,y ies ès tkbobo uo anstbrnè bo segkeiehán= grbe qub uoe bo segkeiehán ybi etre bo trndnle segkni. Biies vkokbreo ngî n trndnlnr bo Aksk÷o `b Nakstn`,bo nqubiin ëpegn tboán akibs `b gurses, tniibrbs, `b teè tkpe `b k`keansjnstn tniibrbs geo Eihn Diko`br, `b pkoturn, `b tátbrbs, `bpertbs, jndán akibs`b ngtkvk`n`bs. [ niiá sb cera÷ bste qub rbuok÷ n l÷vbobs `bi dnrrke, `b inKhibskn, `bi Geibhke Kotbrongkeoni, qub tnadkëo pbrtbobgb n in aksanKhibskn, y cub uon bxpbrkbogkn auy kotbrbsnotb. Oe seinabotb uonbxpbrkbogkn nrtástkgn skoe tnadkëo `b rbsgntnr uo pege hbotb qub n ieabler... [e aksae ouogn n ie abler ab judkbsb `b`kgnè n bstb gnape skoe judkbsb bstnè bo bi tbntre `b tátbrbs. E sbn, augjn hbotb puè`bsgudrkr sus tnibotes, quë pe`án jngbr etrns gesns n trnvës `b su trndnle.

- µSes bstuvks tb njá `bs`b sus kok gkes5

- Oe, ye bstuvb ès e trbs nþes `bspuës perqub tboán gunoè bse geaboz÷y bstuvb `bs`b bi '3:, n ies ègb nþes. [ akrî qub per Aksk÷o `b Nakstn`pns÷ augjn hbotb. Brn skapîtkge gunoè ye veivá ni gnoni, bo bi ':;, bo uobqukpe bi gnanr÷hrnce jndán pnsnè per Aksk÷o `b Nakstn`, bi nskstbotbtnadkëo, No`rës Gndniibre tnadkëo... Augjn hbotb qub `bspuës sb `b`kg÷




>03

ni gnape pbrke`ástkge e guiturni pns÷ per niiá. Brn uon kostktugk÷o qubougibndn n tnotn hbotb y ie qub jngán brn `bspbrtnr koqukbtu`bs y qub ves`bsgudrkbrns gnakoes.

- µNjá tnadkëo trndnlndno bo >3 aa5- Oe. Njá jndán R-Antkg. Jngánaes gesns bo bstb cerante, gubstkeobskotbrons, nihuoes prehrnans, pbre bi bqukpe oe vkoe geapibte, bsb cuboubstre prediban. Jndán sá uo sbgter nu`kevksuni èo`b jndáno pbiáguins,qub sb usndno pnrn `kstkotes tbans. Bo ies prkabres tkbapes ye geinderëpnrn uo prehrnan bùgntkve `b tbibvksk÷o, usnaes pbiáguins `b niiá sedrbsnobnakbote... Jndáno pbiáguins qub ies akskeobres jndáno ckianè qub oesë `÷o`b bstîo, `b ies nþes '26, bse jndrán qub rbsgntnr. [ bo >3 aa, qubbs uo pege in vbiegk`n` au`n, uoe vbán y vbán rîpkè. Gesns iko`áskans quboe së quë jndrî pnsnè `b biins. Vbre jndán uo geotngte geo ie vksuni, geoie nu`kevksuni, auy kotbrbsnotb.

- µJnstn qub nþe bstuvkstb njá5

- Bstuvb jnstn bi ':;, ';6. [e `bspuës `bi heipb `b Bstnè vubive n intbibvksk÷o, yn jndán uon obgbsk`n` `b bstnr n tkbape geapibte `b hbotb. Bitbntre tbrako÷ perqub Aksk÷o `b Nakstn` `bgk`k÷ gnadknr `b rudre `bngtkvk`n`bs...

- µBsns dnsbs bo quë anobrn kociuybreo e geotrkduybreo bo tu

`bsboveivkakbote pestbrker bo vk`be5

- Bse brn uo pege ie qub ye tb `bgán. Grbe qub n aá skbaprb ab hust÷. [etuvb uon koqukbtu` crustrn`n bo bi sbotkè `b bstu`knr gkob pnrn quë. Ncubrnn ie abler oe vey n pe`br iehrnr on`n y ngî quë vey n jngbr. Boteogbsgnogbië bsn peskdkik`n`, pbre sá jkgb tbibvksk÷o, qub bo nqubiin ëpegn sbpreùgán auy pege, ok seþnr ie qub jey sb bstî jngkboè, geo ie pege qubsb jngb, pbre notbs oe.

- Sk`behrncán.

* Bxpbrkabote pskgei÷hkge. (Ro `án bo bi Jespktni Obureskqukîtrkge).Vrbsbotnè bo bi Cbstkvni `b Sk`be `bi Pbrgbr Auoè `b Wbüi :2.

* Ko`bpbo`bogkn. >;;8. WOP. Dbtngna. (@eguabotni ckggk÷o.)

* @b naer y `b hubrrn. >;;8. WOP. Dbtn. (@eguabotni ckggk÷o.)

* Gngjerres `b ib÷o. >;;8. WOP. Dbtn. (@eguabotni ckggk÷o.)

* Gîrgbibs `b snohrb. >;;8. WOP. Dbtn. (@eguabotni ckggk÷o.)

* Badesgn`n-Gnape `b Geogbotrngk÷o. >;;8. WOP. Dbtn. (@eguabotnickggk÷o.)

JRHE HNANTTN

Botrbvkstn rbnikzn`n per @kbhe Jbroîo Drea Nttkns.




>08

- µPuve nihuon bxpbrkbogkn `b gkob5

- Grbe qub bi gnse `bi vk`be pnrnhunye bs auy pnrbgkè ni gnse `bi gkobpnrnhunye, èo`b bogeotrnaes bscubrzes nksinès y edrns `b nuterbs, bonihuoes gnses `b bognrhes, nuoqub auy peges, tetniabotb ougibnès bo sá

aksaes, tetniabotb nksinès, crnhabotnès, sko okohuon geobxk÷o e uobscubrze geaüo per iibhnr n nihüo inè e per bogeotrnr uon ceran `bbxprbsk÷o geaüo e uo tban qub k`botkckqub e nhrupb n ies rbnikznèrbs, qubseo ies nspbgtes qub `bckobo n uo aevkakbote. Boteogbs grbe qub bi vk`be,qub puè jndbr bapbznè yn bo ies nþes 86, gkbrtnabotb geo ies prkabreskotbotes `b jngbr ies prkabres geabrgknibs bo sepertb bibgtreanhoëtkge,grbe qub bo ies nþes :6 sb vubivb uo pege aîs `baegrîtkge, nignozn nnihuoes rbnikznèrbs nuterbs qub kotbotno bxprbsnrsb pbrseoniabotb ntrnvës `bi vk`be. Vbre ndseiutnabotb grbe qub bs bo >;:;, geo bi gnadkequb vkvb bi pnás ni `brregnakbote `b Nicrbè Wtrebssobr, qub bi vk`be teanuo nuhb, uon ceran `b bxprbsk÷o y tnadkëo `b nadkgk÷o jngkn prehrnansqub pe`ráno baktkrsb per in tbibvksk÷o pnrnhunyn. Boteogbs bstes bscubrzesnksinès, uon preùgtern nquá, etrn niiî, jkgkbreo ins prkabrns akok sbrkbs,ins prkabrns sbrkbs `b tbibvksk÷o `b bstn brn oubvn `b in `baegrngkn, y

boteogbs bo bi :; grbe qub jny uon rupturn `b aei`bs y jny uoaevkakbote, nsá bo in pnindrn hbobrnikzn`n, qub bapkbzn n `nrsb bo intbibvksk÷o perqub ins aksans tbibvkskeobs bapkbzno n ndrkrsb, gnadkno `baîsgnrn, `b gnrtbi y boteogbs bapkbzno n kotbrbsnrsb per ie qub pub`bpreùgkrsb iegniabotb y per ie qub skhokckgn uo pege in ikdbrtn` `bbxprbsk÷o. Anrgnr uo pege uon oubvn bxpbgtntkvn bo in segkb`n`, pe`br vbrgesns oubstrns. Grbe qub instkaesnabotb auy preote bstb n`vbokakbote`bi vk`be geae ceran bxprbskvn y aksae in npbrturn qub tkbobo ies gnonibsjngkn bses prkabres preùgtes qub sb jngbo bo nqubiin ëpegn, n ckobs `b in`ëgn`n pnsn`n, sb vno gbrrnoè pnuintkonabotb y bse vn `bsnpnrbgkboèoubvnabotb.

- µBo quë nþe trndnlnstb per prkabrn vbz geo uon gîanrn b vk`be5

- Bo >;:7 bo Vnrnhuny, notbs yn ie jndán jbgje bo Bstnès Rokès. [ebstu`kë bo ies Bstnès Rokès, jkgb ak gnrrbrn uokvbrsktnrkn bo ies BstnèsRokès, bhrbsë bo >;:> `b in Rokvbrsk`n` `b Pbxns, bo Nustko,bspbgknikznè bo preùggk÷o cáiakgn y uo pege `b tbibvksk÷o. [ njá jkgb akprkabrn edrn `b tbsks, bo ckiab, bo >3 aa, "Vyhanikeo‛s wksj", y tnadkëojkgb ak prkabr èguabotni `b geotrnte, pnrn bi akokstbrke `b nhrkguiturn `bPbxns. Jkgb bxpbrkbogkns bo vk`be, on`n `b ak nuterán, skoe geindernoègeo etrn hbotb. Bo Vnrnhuny tuvb in egnsk÷o `b trndnlnr per prkabrn vbz perbognrhe pnrn bi Gnoni >7 y in Rokvbrsk`n` Ongkeoni `b Nsuogk÷o, perqubjndán uo geogurse n okvbi su`nabrkgnoe `b vk`bes dnsnès bo edrnsiktbrnrkns `b nuterbs ongkeonibs. Jndán uo notbgb`botb qub bi nþe notbrkerbi Vnrnhuny jndán prbsbotnè, lustnabotb bi Gnoni >7 geo in RON, uotrndnle dnsnè bo uo gubote `b Anrke Jniiby Aern, "Bi pbrrkte" grbe qub sbiina÷, qub `krkhk÷ uo gkobnstn drnskibre e pnrnhunye, pnrkbotb `b ies D÷, qubnjern rbsk`b bo Vnrnhuny. Boteogbs ni nþe skhukbotb biies qukskbreo veivbrn prbsbotnr y ab geotrntnreo n aá pnrn qub bikln in edrn bo in qub kdn ndnsnr bi huk÷o y in n`nptngk÷o y rbsuit÷ sbr "Anrgbikon", bo >;:7. Boteogbstbo`rán qub jndbr skè uon edrn `b seinabotb 42 akoutes, perqub bsekapeoán ins dnsbs y geo`kgkeobs `b nqubi geogurse, pbre in edrn in bsgrkdágeo uo pege aîs `b nikbote dnle uo ngubrè geo in TVG `b qub sbrán uongepreùggk÷o geo ak baprbsn, Nrn Ckias Vreùggkeobs, qub yn jndánpreùgkè ckiabs bo >3 aa notbrkerabotb, y boteogbs n`baîs `b in `b 42




>0:

akoutes jkgkaes uon aîs inrhn, qub sb geovkrtk÷ bo bi prkabr ab`ke abtrnlb`b in tbibvksk÷o pnrnhunyn, Anrgbikon sb iina÷, dnsnè bo uo gubote `bEsvniè Heozîibz Tbni. [ bsn cub ak prkabrn bxpbrkbogkn bo vk`be boVnrnhuny, cub bo uon puihn`n y ye jndán nprbo`kè bo ies Bstnès Rokès

g÷ae utkikznr bi vk`be, g÷ae kiuakonr vk`be y utkikznr in gîanrn geae uoncáiakgn, boteogbs bsn cub uon bxpbrkbogkn auy vîik`n pnrn kapibabotnr iequb ye jndán nprbo`kè bo bi use gkobantehrîckge b ins vk`begîanrns.

Grbe qub cub n ckobs `b ies 86 gunoè bapbznreo n botrnr ins prkabrnsvk`be gîanrns y vk`be gnsbtbrns bo Vnrnhuny y sb bapbz÷ n jngbr bsntrnoskgk÷o `b jngbr ins oetkgkns bo vk`be, bo vbz `b bo >3 aa, geae sbvboán jngkboè, cub bo Gnoni ;.

- Ongb bi vk`be bo ies ':6 y sb `bsnrrei ie µVer quë vk`be y o e gkob5

- Brn ndseiutnabotb `kcágki bi gkob bo oubstre pnás. In preùggk÷ogkobantehrîckgn cáiakgn rbqukbrb uo sepertb gnsk koùstrkni, bs koùstrkni, yboteogbs oe tboánaes in kocrnbstrugturn bo oubstre pnás. Bi prediban `bgeosbhukr uo antbrkni vkrhbo bo Vnrnhuny nüo skhub skboè `kcágki. Roe oe

pub`b kr n uon gnsn y geaprnr uo reiie `b pbiáguin vkrhbo y peobrsb n re`nr,y `bspuës g÷ae rbvbinrie, tnadkëo jny qub `bpbo`br `bi bxtbrker.Boteogbs teè bse sko ù`n seo edstîguies auy hrno`bs pnrn iibvnrn`binotb uon edrn cáiakgn. Boteogbs bi vk`be skhokckg÷ uon epgk÷o auyvîik`n per bstns sktungkeobs `b oubstre abrgnè, `b oubstrn kapeskdkik`n`tëgokgn b koùstrkni `b jngbr nihe cáiakge. [e tboán uon bxpbrkbogkn notbrker`b "Vbrbhrkonlb n Gnngupë" qub iibv÷ ès nþes `b re`nlb bo >3 aa= tboánqub kapertnr antbrkni vkrhbo y tboán qub ye aksae iibvnrie ncubrn `bi pnás nuo indernterke bo Duboes Nkrbs, rbvbinrie niiî, jngbr in b`kgk÷o niiî...

- µG÷ae cub pnrn ves bi trnspnse `bi ibohunlb `b gkob ni `bi vk`be5

Anrgbikon, qub cub geae `klb ak prkabrn bxpbrkbogkn bo vk`be, cub uonbxpbrkbogkn auy rkgn perqub in koab`kntbz qub tb `n bi vk`be tb pbraktb krgerrkhkboè y nlustnoè tu lukgke sedrb in kiuakongk÷o, sedrb in pubstn bobsgbon, sedrb in `krbggk÷o `b ngterbs, nihe qub bi vk`be koù`ndibabotbcnverbgb augjáskae n uo kokgknè, nihukbo qub bstî bapbznoè n sbr`krbgter `b ckggk÷o. Boteogbs per bsb inè pubè `bgkr qub "Anrgbikon" cubpnrn aá uon bxpbrkbogkn auy rkgn perqub ie qub ye jndán jbgje notbs,tnote bo gkob geae bo vk`be, brn èguabotni. Boteogbs "Anrgbikon" n in vbz`b sbr ak prkabrn edrn `krkhk`n bo vk`be, brn tnadkëo ak prkabrn edrn `bckggk÷o. Boteogbs pnrn aá cub auy vnikese. Judkbsb skè augje aîsèierese y gestese nprbo`br teè ie qub ye nprbo`á jngkboè "Anrgbikon"bo gkob. Boteogbs pubè `bgkr qub augjns `b ins gesns qub ye sndán `bgkob, ins bstndn npikgnoè bo bi vk`be y gerrkhkboè sedrb in anrgjn geobsn cngkik`n` qub tkbob bi vk`be `b su koab`kntbz, `b pe`br vbr bo uoaeokter in pubstn bo bsgbon, bi rktae, teè nqubiie qub bo bi gnse `bi gkobseinabotb bstî bo in gndbzn `bi `krbgter, in geapnhkongk÷o, bi aksae rktaekotbroe `b in bsgbon, in `krbggk÷o `b ngterbs, bi nadkbotb qub sb iehrn geo

in kiuakongk÷o, btg.

- Npertb qub `bln in ckggk÷o bo in `ëgn`n `b ies ':6 n cuturns

hbobrngkeobs `b rbnikznèrbs.




>0;

- Bi ibhnè cuo`nabotni qub `bln bi vk`be bo ies :6 cub `baestrnr n cuturnshbobrngkeobs qub sb pub`b jngbr augje geo pege. Ies :6 `baubstrnoqub skhubo skboè cuo`nabotnibs ins hnons `b `bgkr nihe y oe bi cerante.

- µSkvb ngtuniabotb `bi vk`be5Oe vkve `b ins rbnikzngkeobs bo vk`be, pbre sá geo ngtkvk`n`bs rbingkeon`nsni gkob.

- Drbvb rbinte `b cutures preybgtes .

Tbnikznr uo Geogurse Ongkeoni< "@bsgudrkboè Vnrnhuny `bs`b bi Gkob",qub geoskstkrán bo iibvnr ès uok`n`bs a÷vkibs `b ins pbiáguins "Bi Pequb`bi Edeb" y "bi Vert÷o `b ies subþes" n geibhkes `bi pnás, y aetkvb uotrndnle iktbrnrke bsgrkte qub botrnrn bo geogurse.

- Sk`behrncán (ckggk÷o).

* Iuiikoh Pjuap (>;8;). >3 aa. Gerte èguabotni pnrn in Rokvbrsk`n` `bPbxns y bi Akokstbrke `b Nhrkguiturn `b Pbxns.

* Vyhanikeo‛s wksj. (>;:6). >3 aa. Gerte ckggk÷o pnrn tbsks `b inRokvbrsk`n` `b Pbxns. Edtuve `kstkogkeobs kotbrongkeonibs.

* Anrgbikon. (>;:7). > puihn`n vk`be. Ckggk÷o pnrn in Rokvbrsk`n` `bNsuogk÷o y bi Gnoni >7. Edtuve `kstkogkeobs kotbrongkeonibs.

* Gkoban drnskibre< E cbstkvni >;:0 `b Hrnanè. (>;:0). 7/0 puihn`n vk`be.Geo bi preùgter y ge`krbgter Giu`koje Vbrbkrn pnrn in PS 4 Hunkdn `bVerte Nibhrb, Drnski.

* Vbrbhrkongk÷o n Gnngupë (>;:>-:0). >3 aa. Ab`keabtrnlb èguabotnipnrn Nrn Ckias, Vnrnhuny. Edtuve kstkogkeobs kotbrongkeonibs.

* Vkihrkanhb Vnrnhuny. (>;:8). >3 aa. Gerteabtrnlb èguabotni pnrn NrnCkias, Vnrnhuny. Edtuve kstkogkeobs y vbotns kotbrongkeonibs.

- Bi sbgrbte `b in Wbþern (>;::-:;). 7/0 puihn`n vk`be. Inrheabtrnlb ckggk÷opnrn Nrn ckias y bi Gbotre `b Geauokgngk÷o Nu`kevksuni, Vnrnhuny. Sbrsk÷oakoksbrkb pnrn bi Gnoni ;. @kstkogkeobs y vbotns kotbrongkeonibs.

* Juhe Vkstkiik, grbnèr `bi Vnonadk. (>;;6-;>). 7/0 puihn`n vk`be. Gerteèguabotni pnrn in Cuo`ngk÷o Gkobantbgn bi Vnrnhuny.

* Bi pert÷o `b ies subþes-vk`n y edrn `b Nuhuste Ten Dnstes. (>;;0-;:).Dbtngna vk`be. Inrheabtrnlb ckggk÷o-èguabotni pnrn in Cuo`ngk÷oGkobantbgn y Nrn Ckias. Vrbakes, kstkogkeobs y vbotns kotbrongkeonibs.

* Bi tequb `bi edeb. (>;;3-;:). 72 aa. Inrheabtrnlb ckggk÷o pnrn Nrn Ckiasb Kaîhkgn Vreùggkeobs= gepreùggk÷o Vnrnhuny-Drnski= genuter `b injksterkn erkhkoni y gepreùgter. Vrbakes, `kstkogkeobs y vbotnskotbrongkeonibs.

- Vrbakes e abogkeobs.

* Vrkabr prbake bo bi gbrtnabo `b hukeobs `b in Rokvbrsk`n` `b Pbxns(>;:6) geo Gnsn tean`n.




>26

* Vrbsk`botb bi Kotbrontkeoni Ckia Cbstkvni bo Mbot Wtntb Rokvbrskty (>;83).

* Kovktnè pnrn pnrtkgkpnr bo cbstkvnibs y aubstrns kotbrongkeonibs `bNaërkgn y Burepn geae `b CbstTke, In Jndnon, Dehetî, Aeotbvk`be,

Peuieusb, T÷ttbr`na, Xnsjkohteo @G, Gjkgnhe y Prkbstb rbprbsbotnoè niVnrnhuny= y per kostktugkeobs geae in EBN y bi DK@ bo Xnsjkohteo @G, biGbotre `b Bstu`kes Intkoe Nabrkgnoes `b in Rokvbrsk`n` `b Mnosns boInwrbogb, in Rokvbrsk`n` `b Pbxns bo Nustko, bi Cere Kdbrenabrkgnoe `bKotbhrngk÷o Gkobantehrîckgn bo Sbobzubin, ins Aubstrns Nu`kevksunibs `biABTGEWRT y in Gnsn `b Naërkgn bo An`rk` (>;:>n in ngtunik`n`).

* @kstkogk÷o Vrbake Esgnr Prkok`n` per in inder bo bi gnape nu`kevksuni(>;;0).

* @kstkogk÷o Vbrseonlb `bi Nþe >;;2 geae @krbgter `b in Cuo`ngk÷oGkobantbgn.

* Precbe ABTGEWRT >;;; pnrn in gepreùggk÷o Drnski Vnrnhuny Bi tequb`bi edeb.

* Abogk÷o `b Jeoer bo bi SK Cbstkvni Intkoenabrkgnoe `b Sk`be Tesnrke>;;; per Bi pert÷o `b ies subþes.

* Vrbake jeoeráckge `bi ZKS Cbstkvni Intkoenabrkgnoe `b Prkbstb >;;; per"preùgkr y preaegkeonr kaîhbobs `bi Vnrnhuny -uo pnás sko kaîhbobs- nicrbotb b in Cuo`ngk÷o Gkobantbgn bi Vnrnhuny".

- Cbstkvnibs ongkeonibs qub rbgubr`n µVnrtkgkpnstb `b bses cbstkvnibs5

- Ab ngubrè qub jude bstes cbstkvnibs `bi Sk`be Obw Anhnzkob, bi `biGGVN, oe pnrtkgkpë bo okohuoe `b biies aîs qub geae bspbgtnèr.Tbgubrè tnadkëo ies `bi ’Luno `b Wninznr‑, pbre bstuvb bo uoe seie `bbiies perqub gekogk`kbreo geo vknlbs, grbe qub seinabotb in prkabrn vbz

nskstá. Vbre bo ies :6 bstuvb uo nþe botbre ncubrn, bo ies Bstnès Rokès, ytni vbz per bse oe pnrtkgkpë `b augjes.

- µGeoegb nihuon vk`betbgn5

In `b in cuo`ngk÷o Gkobantbgn qub bstî bo gnlns, jny geae uoes 066tátuies `bi gkob auo`kni y giîskge qub bstîo badninès, së qub bxkstb bi `bin Anoznon, n pbsnr `b qub oe ie jb vksktnè, së qub bxkstb uon bo WnoIerboze, qub geinderë uon vbz geo in pbrseon qub bstndn ceranoè pbreouogn iibhuë n kr n vksktnr.

DBTONT@E KWANGJESKB\


- µPuvkstb nihuon bxpbrkbogkn bo gkob5

- Oe, instkaesnabotb, oe. Bsb bs bi hrno subþe qub ye grbe qubngnrkgknaes teès ies pnrnhunyes. Vbre nggb`br ni gkob bs suanabotb`kcágki. Vrkabre perqub oe jny uon bsgubin `b gkob, perqub bsb sbrán biüokge bspngke èo`b uoe pe`rán `bsnrreiinr nihe, perqub pnrn jngbr gkob




>2>

per bi gkob aksae sb rbqukbrb `b uon kocrnbstrugturn y `b uo gnpktni qubbvk`botbabotb oe tbobaes. Boteogbs, in npnrkgk÷o `bi vk`be jkze cîgkinggb`br n uo tkpe `b ibohunlb `b in kanhbo bo aevkakbote qub oes brntetniabotb prejkdkè notbs b in npnrkgk÷o bi vk`be.

- µOk skqukbrn uon bxpbrkbogkn bo Wüpbr : e bo...5

- Wá, jude bxpbrkbogkns bo Wüpbr : bo notkhues tniibrbs, per blbapie, bi `biGrkste Tby, qub tboáns, èo`b bapbz÷ Luno Gnries, pbre bse brn teè.Kogiuse bi Wüpbr : tnadkëo augje aîs `kcágki perqub jndán qub ano`nr nrbvbinr, tbohe botbo`kè qub bo bsn ëpegn kogiuse ok sb rbvbindn boVnrnhuny, jndán qub ano`nr n rbvbinr ncubrn, bo Nibanokn. Kogiuse, niprkogkpke, jnstn ins cetes bo geierbs sb tboáno qub ano`nr n rbvbinr ncubrn.Nsá qub brn nihe auy `kcágki. Tbniabotb in npnrkgk÷o `bi vk`be cngkikt÷ y yepbrseoniabotb grbe bo in peskdkik`n`, bo in pnrnèln, abler `kgje, qubrbsuitn `b tbobr bi kostnotb pbre geo uon kanhbo bo aevkakbote, perqubckoniabotb bsn kanhbo bo aevkakbote tnadkëo geohbin bi kostnotb nsá geaein cete. Boteogbs bi vk`be cngkikt÷ augjáskae nggb`br n bse, y rbniabotb inbxpbrkbogkn bs vîik`n bo gunote n kanhbo bo aevkakbote sb rbckbrb, oe

kapertn sk sb trntn `b gkob e vk`be, ni okvbi bo qub oes anoblnaes. Kogiusenjern bo bstb pnás oe tkbob augjn kapertnogkn sk sb jngb gkob e vk`be,perqub uoe pnrn jngbr bcbgtkve tkbob qub bapbznr ngbptnoè in rbnik`n` `bsu ab`ke, e sk oe, pe`ës bstnr seþnoè qub vns n jngbr uon edrn geae in`b Wpkbidbrh e geae in `b guniqukbr etre, pbre subþes, subþes seo. Vbre`botre `b in rbnik`n` `b oubstre ab`ke, `botre `b in peskdkik`n` `b blbrgbr ingrbntkvk`n`... Grbe qub bo oubstre ab`ke tbobaes nihe qub bs auy vnikesequb bs in grbntkvk`n`, boteogbs in grbntkvk`n`< bo bse oe jny iáaktbs, oeperqub ves bstës geo te`n in kocrnbstrugturn qub tkbob Wpkbidbrh, vns n sbraîs grbntkve. E sbn, ves pe`ës sbr grbntkve geo in kocrnbstrugturn `b biies epe`ës sbr grbntkve geo uon gîanrn `b gnl÷o pnrn quktnr cetes geo pingn. Ingrbntkvk`n` oe tkbob iáaktb, oubstres iáaktbs bstîo boanrgnès `botre `b iequb bs in pnrtb tbgoei÷hkgn, `b kocrnbstrugturn y in kovbrsk÷o bgeo÷akgn qubjny qub jngbr pnrn rbnikznr guniqukbr preùggk÷o. Boteogbs, `botre `b ies

okvbibs qub oesetres oes anoblnaes in kanhbo bo aevkakbote oe tkbobaugjn kapertnogkn pnrn aá sk bs bo vk`be e bs bo gkob.

- µVnrn ves bo quë nþe aîs e aboes ongb bi aevkakbote `b vk`be bo

Vnrnhuny5 µBo quë nþe bapkbzno n vbokr ins prkabrns gîanrns e bo

quë nþe ves ut kikznstb in prkabrn gîanrn5

- Grbe qub jny qub jndinr `b ab`knès `b ies :6, prîgtkgnabotb, persupubste qub jndán hbotb qub `bs`b gjkqukte -geae Luno Gnries y etrnspbrseons- qub pu`kbreo nggb`br n bses tniibrbs `b gkob `b : aa y teèbse. Vbre rbniabotb sb `n uo cbo÷aboe qub grbe qub bs uo jkte auykapertnotb< bsb prkabr cbstkvni `b vk`be qub sb jkze, èo`b rbniabotb njásb pinotbn, bs geae qub bsb cbstkvni edikh÷ n qub sb geogrbtbo y sbprbsbotbo ins prepubstns qub `b njá bo n`binotb anrgnreo teè ie qub sb

jkze geo pestbrkerk`n`...

- µBi cbstkvni `bi ’ Luno `b Wninznr‑5

- Oe, oe, oe. Bi `bi Gbotre Guiturni Vnrnhunye Nabrkgnoe (GGVN). Bsb cubrbniabotb uo jkte y on`n `b ie qub sb pub`n bsgrkdkr rbcbrbotb ni vk`be boVnrnhuny oe pub`b `blnr `b abogkeonr ie qub cub bsb cbstkvni. [ ye grbe bkoskste, n pbsnr `b qub n augjes oe ib vn n hustnr, ouogn aîs sb veivk÷ n




>24

rbpbtkr uo bvbote geo tnotn trnsgbo`bogkn bo bi gnape `bi vk`be bo biVnrnhuny geae cub bo bsb aeabote bsb cbstkvni. Ouogn aîs. Oe së perquë, ustb`bs bstîo bo bste, `bdbráno kovbstkhnr quë pns÷. @bspuësi÷hkgnabotb etrns pbrseons skhukbreo jngkboè gesns, pbre rbniabotb bsb

cbstkvni anrg÷ uo jkte perqub `bl÷ dkbo ginre ie qub sb jkze jnstn bsbaeabote y geae qub, teè ie qub sb jkze pbre bo uo gerte tkbape. Brn nságeae uo rbsuabo. [ `b njá bo n`binotb ie qub sb cub jngkboè, pbre bsbcub uo dubo aeabote, bses aeabotes aîhkges qub egurrbo.

- Aetkv÷ n ies gjkges qub bstndno trndnlnoè bo vk`be bo bsb

aeabote...

- Ginre, cub uo cbstkvni geo augjn trnsgbo`bogkn, augjn gedbrturn. @b njá,per blbapie, qub`nreo dkbo anrgnès gkbrtes oeadrbs geae bi `b LunoGnries, geae bi `b Tny Nrabib, kogiuse bi aáe.

- µSes pnrtk gkpnstb bo bsb cbstkvni5

- Wá, y quktë bi prkabr prbake bo bsb cbstkvni per in edrn Ak subþe oe tkbob

sktke. [ cub auy kotbrbsnotb. @bspuës oe jude on`n tno aetkvnotb geaebse, instkaesnabotb, y `bdbrán nonikznrsb quë sugb`k÷ rbniabotb. Verqubsk ves geapnrîs, bo bstb aeabote jny augje aîs hbotb qub sb `b`kgn nbse, jny augjns aîs cngkik`n`bs... Bo bsb boteogbs, qukëo tboán uongîanrn `b vk`be. Njern jny augjáskan hbotb qub sk oe tkbob, per ieaboes, pub`b nggb`br n uon gîanrn `b vk`be. [, sko badnrhe, njá sb`kbreo gesns auy kotbrbsnotbs.

- [n ab jndáns jndinè uo pege ngbrgn `b per quë vk`be y oe g kob bo

oubstre pnás...

- Bi tban bgeo÷akge, cuo`nabotniabotb. [ tnadkëo bi tban `bi blbrgkgke.Instkaesnabotb bi tban bgeo÷akge, bo bstes gnses, bs uon rbnik`n` qubbstî sulbtn n etrn, qub bs in qub èakon, qub bs rbniabotb bsn rbnik`n` `b

ngtktu` abotni, bsn rbnik`n` kogiuse `b peiátkgn guiturni y, ckoniabotb, `b iequb bs oubstre pnás. Ro pnás qub oe bs qub khoer÷ in guiturn per augjesnþes, skoe teè ie geotrnrke.. Peè ie geotrnrke y pber, perqub gunoè veskhoerîs bse, duboe, khoerîs. Vbre nquá teè ie guiturni bstndn rbingkeonègeo ie prejkdkè, geo ie sudvbrskve. Wb iugj÷ geotrn bse. Bs pber qubgunoè ves skapibabotb khoerîs. In peiátkgn guiturn brn in `b oe jngbrpeiátkgn guiturni. E sbn, bi oe jngbr peiátkgn guiturni bs uon peiátkgn auy dkbopbosn`n y auy dkbo bstndibgk`n. µ[ quë pns÷ bo bstes üitkaes `kbz e ègbnþes5 Ie guiturni skhub skboè nihe pestbrhndib, nihe koobgbsnrke, nihe quboe tkbob kapertnogkn pnrn in sedrbvkvbogkn `b in segkb`n . Bo uon segkb`n`qub bstî trbabo`nabotb peiktkzn`n, peiktkzn`n n okvbi pnrtk`nrke, y qub skhub`bhrn`noè sus vnierbs guiturnibs, `bhrn`noè sus vnierbs aernibs, ygeae geosbgubogkn `b bse, i÷hkgnabotb, bxkstb uon `bhrn`ngk÷obgeo÷akgn. E sbn, in `bhrn`ngk÷o bgeo÷akgn bs bi preùgte `b in

`bhrn`ngk÷o guiturni y `b in `bhrn`ngk÷o aerni. N bse ib tkbob qubngeapnþnr uon bhrn`ngk÷o bgeo÷akgn.

- Wbhure qub `b nihuon ceran jndrîs tbokè dnsbs `b ibohunlb

gkobantehrîckge. Verqub lustnabotb uon `b ins prbhuotns bs g÷ae

pbrgkd kstb bi trnspnse `bi ibohunlb `bi gkob ni `b vk`be.




>27

- Oe, okohuon. Ndseiutnabotb. Okohüo bstu`ke `botre `b ie cerani. E sbn,kogiuse bse gunoè vkoe, per blbapie, oe rbgubrè bi oeadrb, qub bs bi`krbgter, e bo bsb boteogbs, per ie aboes, brn bi `krbgter `bi cbstkvni `bDbriáo `b ausbes, qub bstndn rbgerrkboè Intkoenaërkgn y sbibggkeo÷ `b

Vnrnhuny antbrkni `b ie aîs kotbrbsnotb qub ëi bogeotr÷, antbrkni `b LunoGnries, aáe y grbe qub `b Tny Nrabib. [ lustnabotb ëi sb qub`÷serprbo`kè `bi ibohunlb qub oesetres anoblîdnaes pbre kotuktkvnabotb,perqub okohuoe tuvkaes uon cerangk÷o `botre `b ie cerani, uo bstu`kecerani `bi tban, y bo ak gnse aboes nüo perqub "Ak subþe oe tkbob sktke",in qub hno÷ bi prkabr prbake bo bi geogurse, cub ak edrn prkan pbre bo teèsbotkè, ndseiutnabotb. I÷hkgnabotb qub jey bo `án sb jndin augjáskae`b bsn etrn cerangk÷o qub bs lustnabotb `nrib augje vnier n in kotukgk÷o.Kogiuse ab hustnrán ibbrtb uo pîrrnce `b uo ikdre qub sb rbckbrb `krbgtnabotbn bse (Oetn `bi botrbvkstnèr< sb vn n dusgnr bi ikdre). Bstey ibyboè uoikdre `b Inkr Tkvbkre, qub `kgb ie skhukbotb geo rbspbgte n in kotukgk÷o (pîh.07)< "Wedrb teè bo bstn brn `b in kocerangk÷o, in gunik`n` bsbogkni `bi iá`brbs teanr `bgkskeobs gerrbgtns geo `ntes kogeapibtes". Ngete ye< jey bo `ánbs kapeskdib, `khnaes, sk qubrës jngbr guniqukbr tkpe `b ngtkvk`n` grbntkvn,

qub nonikgbs teè ie qub jny sedrb bsb tban perqub lustnabotb biprediban jey bo `án bs qub sedrn kocerangk÷o, oe qub cnitn. Boteogbs inkotukgk÷o bs ie qub tb pbraktb, geae `kgb bo bi ikdre, nonikznr, pregbsnr ypreùgkr, perqub ckoniabotb pnrn quë uoe nonikzn y pregbsn< pnrn preùgkrperqub e skoe yn bstî njá ie qub sb `kgb, ie qub etre `kle. Vbre uoe nonikzn ypregbsn pnrn preùgkr. Boteogbs jey bo `án jny qub tbobr in kotukgk÷osuckgkbotb geae pnrn preùgkr n pnrtkr `b `ntes kogeapibtes. "Bi veiuabo `bgeoegkakbotes `b ùpikgn ngtuniabotb gn`n guntre nþes, y n pnrtkr `bi nþe4666 sb ùpikgnrî gn`n 46 absbs. Bo in vbiegk`n` `b pregbsnakbote, iesgjkps `b ies er`bonèrbs y `b ies rbgurses `b in tbibgeauokgngk÷o surhbooevb`n`bs n gn`n akiëskan `b sbhuoè. Bs geapibtnabotb kapeskdib pnrnuo sbr juanoe anotbobrsb koceranè `b teè ie qub sugb`b bo su îrbn, oebo in `b teès, seinabotb bo in suyn e bo su sbhabote `b abrgnè. Oe sbbohnþb< gunoè iibhub n botbo`br tetniabotb bstb abrgnè, bi abrgnè ynsbrî etre. Bo ies üitkaes 76 nþes sb jn hbobrnè aîs kocerangk÷o qub boies üitkaes gkoge akibokes. Ron sein b`kgk÷o `knrkn `bi Obw [erm Pkabsgeotkbob aîs kocerangk÷o qub in qub uon pbrseon qub vkván bo Kohintbrrn bobi skhie ZSKK pe`án rbgkdkr bo te`n su vk`n". Boteogbs, geo bse bi nutergeogiuyb qub "in kotukgk÷o bs uon jndkik`n` `bi jbakscbrke `brbgje `bigbrbdre qub, per `bshrngkn, oe sb bstkauin, b kogiuse sb rbprkab bo biskstban bùgntkve `b oubstrn segkb`n`. @bs`b jngb auy pege sb geakboznn vniernr bi pregbse kotuktkve geae kostruabote `b 'onvbhngk÷o' bo bi auoègn÷tkge b kaprbvkskdib qub vkvkaes". E sbn, qub kotuktkvnabotb nprbo`á nusnr in kotukgk÷o. Boteogbs, ye sey uon pbrseon qub `bs`b auy gjkge abhust÷ augje bi gkob, bi tbntre, sey rbniabotb uo cnoîtkge `b in ÷pbrn,nuoqub oe ab hustn bsn pnindrn perqub oe grbe bo okohüo cnontksae, ok bobi `b in ÷pbrn, pbre, bo cko, sey uo npnskeonè `b in ÷pbrn, boteogbs bskapeskdib jndbr vkste tnote y qub oe jnyn qub`nè on`n. Boteogbs, ye tuvbin subrtb `b rbgkdkr uon hrno bùgngk÷o oe cerani, skoe n trnvës `b ie qub jbvkste. Aks pn`rbs ab iibvndno n vbr n ins geapnþáns `b epbrbtn y znrzubinqub iibhndno nquá bo ies nþes 36, y brno geapnþáns `b rbpbrterke, e sbn,qub gn`n `án jngáno etrn pubstn `kcbrbotb, kogiuse ies sîdnès jngáno èspubstns `kcbrbotbs, cnakiknr y oegjb, y ies èakohes jngáno antkoëb,cnakiknr y oegjb geo trbs pubstns `kcbrbotbs, gnadknoè `bgernè,vbstunrkes... Boteogbs teè bse pnrn aá skbaprb cub auy kapertnotb. [erbgubrè qub gunoè bstndn bstu`knoè bo Aëxkge, per blbapie, bo bi nþe




>20

8>, tboán >3 nþes, y bo bi aksae nþe ye ib vk ès vbgbs dnkinr ni hrnoOurbkbv, uon geae kovktnè `bi dniibt `b Vnui Pnyier y in etrn jngkboè sucnaese @eo ûkletb geae dnkinráo kovktnè, bstrbiin kovktn`n `bi dniibtnustrniknoe. Jb vkste bi dniibt `bi Wbobhni, hrno`bs geapnþáns qub jno

botrnè y snikè, ies hrno`bs cbstkvnibs `b gkob qub sb jngáno bo in gku`n``b Aëxkge, èo`b sb vbáno pbiáguins `b teè bi auoè, vbr bi gkobnustrniknoe, qub n aá ab `bl÷ anrnvkiinè perqub tkbob uon gnik`n`trbabo`n, uo anoble precuoè, gertnotb, drutnikstn `b ies sbotkakbotesjuanoes, qub tb `bln y tb anrgn, perqub obgbsnrknabotb ves vkvás bsnbxpbrkbogkn y guniqukbr bxpbrkbogkn vkvk`n, dubon e anin, tb gnadkn, e sbn,qub ni snikr `bi gkob ves yn oe ses khuni n geae botrnstb. Boteogbs, te`nbsn cub ak hrno bsgubin. @bspuës `b Aëxkge ab preieohnreo in dbgn nKohintbrrn, ak dbgn brn pnrn bstu`knr rbstnurngk÷o y geosbrvngk÷o `b edrns`b nrtb, y njá vk in prkabrn ÷pbrn `b vbr`n` bo ak vk`n, qub cub lustnabotbbo bi Gevbohnr`bo, cub An`nab Duttbrciy, geo hrno`bs gnotnotbs y uonhrno pubstn bo bsgbon... Boteogbs pnrn aá bse cub auy cubrtb perqub ab`klb qub bse brn nihe auy anrnvkiiese, rbniabotb geapibte, e sbn, insbosngk÷o qub vkvá bsn vbz ab jn qub`nè, in sbosngk÷o `b piboktu`.

Guno e uoe botrn bo uo bstnè `b piboktu`, gunoè uoe botrn bo uo bstnèbo èo`b pub`b `blnr `b sbr uoe aksae pnrn sbr uoe aksae ablernè ntrnvës `b skapibabotb tbobr uon pnrtkgkpngk÷o tetniabotb pnskvn. [e pe`rán`bgkr qub bo bses gnses bi sbr juanoe sbrán nihe auy kocbrker sk oe judkbrnpe`kè kovbotnr bi npinuse. [e grbe qub ouogn bi npinuse, ni aboes ouognbsgugjë, ouogn sbotá, ouogn eá qub ni npinuse sb ie geosk`brb geae uoe `bies hrno`bs `bsgudrkakbotes `b in juanok`n`, kogiuse ye ie peo`rán n inniturn `bi cubhe e nihe nsá perqub gunoè uoe bstî vkboè nihe tnoanrnvkiiese y s÷ie pub`b tbobr uon ngtktu` pnskvn, bi npinuse bs bi üokgeab`ke geo bi guni uoe pub`b geovbrtkrsb `b pnskve bo ngtkve. Roe gunoèbstî npinu`kboè rbniabotb ie qub jngb bs pnsnr n ceranr pnrtb `b inrbprbsbotngk÷o y `b bsn ceran `bsgnrhnr y pnrtkgkpnr bo bsn anrnvkiin qubbs gnpnz `b jngbr bi jeadrb geae gunoè jngb uon edrn grbntkvn, pibonbo guniqukbr gnape, bo bi `b in piîstkgn, bo bi gkob, bo bi vk`be, `b iniktbrnturn, `b in `nozn, btg. Bi npinuse geae hrno kovbote `b in juanok`n` ygeae hrno kovbote `b `bsgnrhn. Boteogbs, veivkboè ni tban, bsn cub yskhub skboè ak hrno cerangk÷o. Boteogbs, `b rbpbotb ye bsgugjë bstbnsuote `b qub kdn n jndbr bstb geogurse b kogiuse ak prkabr ngtktu` cubprepeobrib n Luno Gnries pnrn jngbr uo vk`be, ëi bo bsb aeabote oe puè,oe tuve tkbape `b pe`br trndnlnr geoakhe, y boteogbs luste njá npnrbgk÷ uonakhe qub tboán uon gîanrn tetniabotb èaëstkgn y geo teè bse y uopege `b k`bns, y geo ies bibabotes qub tboán, jkgkaes bsb vk`be, y cub niheaîhkge, bo bi guni kotuktkvnabotb ye sbibggkeoë te`n in kgeoehrncángkobantehrîckgn, tbntrni, epbrástkgn, qub bstndn `botre `b ak gndbzn. Vbre`b uon ceran auy onturni, e sbn, gunoè uoe yn oe sb tkbob qub bstnrprbegupnoè `b g÷ae vn n sbr skoe `b quë bs ie qub vn n jngbr. [ nsásurhk÷ teè, `bspuës jkgb etres vk`bes b kogiuse, geae qubrán sbhukr bobse, pusb uon preùgtern `b tbibvksk÷o, èo`b brn yn uo trndnle geabrgknièo`b jngánaes gertes pudikgktnrkes y te`ns bsns gesns, pbre qub iibh÷ nuo puote bo èo`b ye pnrnibinabotb bstndn tbrakonoè ak gnrrbrn `bnrquktbgturn, `bspuës tbrakoë, y `bspuës yn oe pe`án geo ins ès gesnsperqub geabrgkniabotb in preùgtern brn prîgtkgnabotb kosestbokdibperqub bo bsb boteogbs sb geotndn geo auy peges rudres pnrn jngbrgeabrgknibs -oe së g÷ae bstnrîo njern, pbre supeohe qub teè skhubkhuni- y, per etre inè, oe qubrán qub uo trndnle qub snihn `b ak preùgterntbohn bsb okvbi dnláskae qub oeraniabotb sb tkbob gunoè oe jny uo




>22

akinhre, gunoè bi prbsupubste bs auy dnle. Boteogbs prîgtkgnabotb oejndán hnonogkns perqub teè sb kovbrtán bo jngbr bi trndnle y okohüoobhegke pub`b rbsuitnr= bi obhegke tkbob qub sbr obhegke e sk oe, oe bsobhegke. Boteogbs, tuvb uon dubon epertuok`n` `b vbo`br teè bi pnqubtb

`b in preùgtern, geapibte, n nihukbo qub qubrán peobr su preùgtern, bobsb boteogbs aks bqukpes brno rbintkvnabotb oubves, `b auy dubongnik`n`, teè Weoy, in ksin `b b`kgk÷o, btg., y vbo`á. [ `bs`b bsb boteogbsinstkaesnabotb oe pu`b veivbr n trndnlnr bo bi gnape `bi vk`be. Gunoè lustnabotb vkoe bstb sbþer nibaîo guye oeadrb oe rbgubrè, b jkze insbibggk÷o y ib pnrbgk÷ n ëi suanabotb kotbrbsnotb bi trndnle qub oesetresbstîdnaes preùgkboè nquá, kogiuse ëi qub`÷ auy serprbo`kè y, rbgubrètbxtuniabotb uon `b sus gjnrins, prbhuotnoè quë bsgubin, g÷ae oesceranaes, quë sb ye, sb qub`÷ auy serprbo`kè perqub `kle qub `brbpbotb bo Nibanokn niuaoes `b ies üitkaes gurses `b ins bsgubins te`nvánoe bstndno gnpngktnès bo preùgkr antbrkni geae bi qub oesetresbstîdnaes preùgkboè nquá, sko okohüo tkpe `b cerangk÷o cerani. Ver bsetb nginre qub in etrn cerangk÷o qub tuvb, qub cuk prkvkibhknè bo tbobrnggbse ni hrno gkob, ni hrno tbntre. Bo Ieo`rbs ves vbáns uon edrn geo

Tkgjnr` Jnrrkseo bo bsn ëpegn, geo Kohrk` Dbrhano. Sk, per blbapie, PjbGeostnot Xkcb, geo Kohrk` Dbrhano, vk Vrkvntb Ikcb `b Oebi Veaunr geoSnobssn Tb`hrnvb= bo tbntre tb bstey jndinoè, bo tbntre bo vkve, e sbn,te`n bsn hbotb ngtunoè bo tbntre bo vkve geae... Boteogbs, per supubste,uoe tkbob qub sbr auy terpb... perqub ye ab kdn perqub ab hustndn, `brbpbotb etre gjkge `b bsn b`n` bstî bo bsb iuhnr y tkbob etre tkpe `bkotbrbsbs. Kogiuse ye tboán uon dbgn qub brn auy dnln, y ab prepusb qub`bs`b qub sniá `bi Vnrnhuny oe ib kdn n pb`kr `kobre n aks pn`rbs, e sbnqub geo bse ab nrrbhindn. Augjns vbgbs `blndn `b geabr, pbreiktbrniabotb, pnrn njerrnr `kobre pnrn kr n vbr pnrnè, perqub bo Ieo`rbs oebs qub ves botrîs pnrnè perqub yn bstî teè iiboe bi tbntre, skoe jny `bjbgje uon sbggk÷o stno`koh qub bs augje aîs dnrntn. E sbn, qub bi tbntrepub`b bstnr tetniabotb vngáe, pbre sk geaprnstb stno`koh, njá tb vns n bstnrpnrnè. Vbre, per supubste, vbs abler perqub onturniabotb in zeon `bstno`koh bs ni ceoè `b in pintbn y vbs augje abler qub sk tb vns niiî nrrkdne ni gestnè, qub yn vbs pnrgkniabotb, y vbs... Bo guniqukbr ngtkvk`n`bsgëokgn, bi `krbgter skbaprb bstî bo in pintbn, y qub nran su edrn `bs`bniiá. Boteogbs bi sktke pnrn vbr rbniabotb in edrn bs in pintbn perqub te`nsins edrns bstîo nran`ns bo teè sbotkè `bs`b in pintbn.

- µGuîi bs bi npertb qub ves grbbs qub `bln in hbobrngk÷o `b ies :6 n

bstn hbobrngk÷o `b rbnikznèrbs y n ins pr÷xkans5

- Grbe qub obgbsnrknabotb seaes bi rbcbrbotb, y ye grbe qub uo rbcbrbotbauy vîikè qub geo augje aboes ab`kes, aboer peskdkik`n` `b nggb`br nanyer tbgoeiehán, sb jn jbgje gesns vbr`n`brnabotb kotbrbsnotbs. Ouogn,ouogn sb pub`b jngbr nihe oubve sko qub sb jnyn jbgje teè ie qub sbjkze notbs. E sbn, in grbngk÷o aîs erkhkoni, aîs oubvn, aîs `bsnrrnkhn`n`b teè bi pnsnè bs tnadkëo uo preùgte `bi pnsnè. E sbn, on`n surhb`b in on`n, ndseiutnabotb on`n surhb `b in on`n. Boteogbs lustnabotbbsn bs in ibggk÷o qub bo augjes gnses, oe s÷ie ni Vnrnhuny, skoe n injuanok`n` ib gubstn botbo`br. [ per bse bs qub in juanok`n` skhub yskhub rbpktkboè ies aksaes brrerbs. Verqub bo in anyerán `b ins gesnsgeae qub qukbrb bapbznr teè `b oubve y oe sb rbspbtn bi pnsnè, oe sbrbspbtn bi pnsnè pnrn pe`br, per uo inè, `bsbgjnr ie qub oe cub duboe y,per etre inè, vnibrsb `b ie qub yn bstî jbgje pnrn `b njá bo n`binotb




>23

pnrtkr. Lustnabotb ibá njern -oe së sk vkbob ni gnse- uon prbsbotngk÷o `buon bxpeskgk÷o `b pkoturns qub jude jngb pege, y in nutern aksan `kle’duboe, geae yn prîgtkgnabotb teè bstî `kgje, boteogbs ye jnhe bste‑.µG÷ae uo sbr juanoe vn n `bgkr qub teè bstî `kgje5 On`n bstî `kgje.

W÷ie bstî `kgje ie qub bstî `kgje, on`n aîs. On`n aîs. Ndseiutnabotbon`n aîs. @b njá bo n`binotb teès pe`baes sbhukr `kgkboè augjáskansgesns y ie kapertnotb bs qub in hbotb teab yn bsb gnakoe rbgerrkè y npnrtkr `b njá skhn jngkboè, qub oe bapkbgb jngkboè ie qub oesetresjkgkaes. ûb yn sb vnihn `b bsn bxpbrkbogkn qub augjns vbgbs oe bsutkikzn`n perqub oe jny uo gbotre qub nrgjkvb... [e së qub ab vno n `bgkrqub bstî in vk`betbgn `b in auokgkpnik`n`, btg., pbre bi jbgje `b qub bstënjá oe qukbrb `bgkr qub bse yn sbn bckgkbotb. E sbn, sb `bdbrán botbo`br uopege aîs, vbr uo pege aîs, ins oubvns hbobrngkeobs `bdbo anoblnr iequb bstî yn jbgje y ye grbe qub bo augjes gnses sb vno n serprbo`braugje perqub sk uoe vb qub yn bstî rbgerrkè uo gkbrte gnakoe, bse n uoeib edikhn n jngbr uo rbgerrkè aîs inrhe. Augjns vbgbs in khoernogkntnadkëo `n sus dbobckgkes, perqub geae uoe oe sndb boteogbs bapkbzn ygrbb qub bse yn bstî dkbo pubste qub ckoniabotb bo augjes gnses bo bstb

aeabote sb bstîo jngkboè preùgtes kogiuse `b aboer gnik`n` `b ies qubjngánaes bo in `ëgn`n `b ies :6. N aá ab pnrbgb qub cub nybr, pbre oe le`ns, yn bstnaes bo bi 4666. [ ni rktae qub sb ùpikgno, trkpikgno insgesns, boteogbs augjes `b ies lustkckgntkves yn oe seo vîikès, ie üokgevîikè bs ie qub uoe jngb y in gnik`n` `b ie qub uoe jngb, kogiuse oekapertn g÷ae ie jkze. Ver bse bs qub vubive n ie qub `klb ni prkogkpke< bo bignape `b in grbngk÷o on`kb tkbob bi prkvkibhke, ndseiutnabotb, y bse bs iequb sb `bdb trntnr qub ies l÷vbobs botkbo`no pbre `b guniqukbr ceran.Verqub augjns vbgbs `kgbo qub biies oe pub`bo jngbr on`n perqub bobstb pnás oe jny ab`kes. Bstey `b ngubrè, pbre bse bs vîikè pnrn te`n inpnrtb tbgoei÷hkgn. ûb oe ab vbohn on`kb n `bgkr qub vn n preùgkr ngîuon pbiáguin ni okvbi `b Wpkbidbrh, ni okvbi `bi gkob nrhbotkoe oeaîs. Bo bsesá bstey `b ngubrè. Vbre bo bi gnape `b in grbngk÷o tkbob qub botbo`brteè bi auoè -y prkogkpniabotb ies qub bstîo bo bi gnape grbntkve- qub bobse oe seaes ok ablerbs ok pberbs qub in hbotb qub bstî bo Oubvn [erm,bo Jeoh Meoh e bo Vnrás. Bo bse bstnaes teès khunibs. [ sk bo bsebstnaes khunibs, boteogbs bs njá èo`b jny qub nprbtnr y bs njá èo`bjny qub jngbr bi anyer bscubrze.

- µGunoè tuvkstb in preùgtern cub in üokgn vbz qub `b nihuon anobrn

vkvkstb bi vk`be5

- [e rbniabotb gunoè tboán in preùgtern yn trndnlndn bo nrquktbgturn yëstn skbaprb cub pnrn aá in vngn qub `n in ibgjb, y ie `b in preùgtern brnnihe nsá geae qub uo hustkte gnre qub ab `ndn. Pb sey auy jeobste,ouogn tb pubè `bgkr qub vkvá `b in preùgtern, skoe teè ie geotrnrke<qukskbrn tbobr bo bcbgtkve ie qub pbr`á geo in preùgtern.

- µGuîi cub bi nþe bspbgáckge bo qub geaboznstb geo bi vk` be5

- Bo bi cbstkvni `bi GGVN. Oe rbgubrè bi nþe. Bi antbrkni qub prbsbotëbstndn bo cerante SJW, qub iubhe sb pns÷ n R-Antkg pnrn in b`kgk÷o y sbb`kt÷ nsá y bi erkhkoni cub bo R-Antkg. Vbre in hrndngk÷o erkhkoni cub bo R-Antkg.




>28

- µûë hëobres tegîs bo bi trndnle `b vk` be5

- Wkbaprb ab hustn uo hëobre onrrntkve cnotîstkge. Ab hustn augje geotnrjksterkns qub sbno ie suckgkbotbabotb ndkbrtns geae pnrn qub bsn aksanjksterkn hbobrb etrn jksterkn y skbaprb qub`b ndkbrtn, geae in vk`n aksan<

skbaprb botrb ins gesns qub seo y oe pnrbgbo y ins gesns qub pnrbgbo y oeseo.

- N`baîs `b jndbr usnè bi vk`be geae ab`ke `b bxprbsk÷o, µie

usnstb nihuon vbz geae jeddkb5

- Ouogn. Lnaîs.

- Er`bo greoei÷hk ge `b tus trndnles `b ckggk÷o .

- Aks trndnles `b ckggk÷o, ie prkogkpni y ie qub pnrn aá `bdb qub`nrrbhkstrnè bs uon trkiehán qub jkgb bo uo inpse oe anyer `b ès e trbs nþes,qub sb kokgkn geo Ak subþe oe tkbob sktke, `bspuës geo Pkbape vbstkè `baulbr y `bspuës geo in üitkan [n oe jny ksins. In prkabrn tuve geaepretnheokstn n Niblno`rn Wkquet, in sbhuo`n n Okin I÷pbz y in tbrgbrn nB``n `b ies Táes.

- Ies hukeobs, in preùggk÷o, in k`bn, teè bs tuye...

- Wá.

- µBo quë cbstkvnibs e aubstrns pnrtkgkpnstb5

- Jb pnrtkgkpnè bo vnrkes cbstkvnibs, bo bi `bi GGVN, Ak subþe oe tkbob sktke cub sbibggkeonè pnrn pnrtkgkpnr `bi Cbstkvni `b Sk`be `b Dbriáo, cubtnadkëo sbibggkeonè pnrn in hrno aubstrn `b nrtb geotbaperîobe boAn`rk`, qub sb iinan Nrge, bo in sbggk÷o `b vk`be perqub bs uon aubstrn`b nrtbs vksunibs bo teè bi sbotkè `b in pnindrn. [ `bspuës boaugjáskaes cbstkvnibs qub jno rbgerrkè, qub ab jno seikgktnè y bo bstbpnás instkaesnabotb seaes te`nván `b in guiturn erni, te`nván oe iibhnaesn in guiturn bsgrktn perqub rbniabotb `blnaes rbhkstrn`ns auy pegnsgesns. Ver blbapie, n ak ab pk`kbreo augjáskans vbgbs bstn trkiehán pnrnaubstrns ktkobrnotbs, qub ye grbe qub bo nihüo iuhnr `bdbo bstnrrbhkstrn`ns, pbre `bsncertuon`nabotb ye oe tbohe bse, bsn bs uon hrnoinder qub ustb`bs qub bstîo bo bse, qub bstîo kovbstkhnoè y qub bstîoqubrkboè rbhkstrnr, ye grbe qub sb pub`b nggb`br n teè bse y peobr uopege bo er`bo te`ns bstns gesns.

- µ@÷o`b sb prbsbotnreo bi sbhuoè y bi tbrgbr antbrkni `b bstn

trkiehán5

- Bsn bs uon prbhuotn jnstn ginvb pbre `b uon rbspubstn trkstb. Grbe qubuoe `b ies predibans, uon `b ins gnusns aîs kapertnotbs per ins gunibsuoe gn`n vbz sb vn `bsnibotnoè `b sbhukr preùgkboè bs qub oe tkbob

`÷o`b aestrnr, oe tkbob g÷ae vbjkguikznr bi preùgte. Boteogbs uoe oe bstî`b dni`b, uoe tkbob uon vk`n qub vkvkr, geapreakses qub guapikr, uonprecbsk÷o n in guni uoe trntn `b jngbrib jeoer y bi gn`n `án sb tb iibon,boteogbs bs auy `kcágki npnrtnr bsb gn`n `án y seinabotb jngbr vk`be. Bsauy `kcágki. [ per ie aboes sk oe tboës `÷o`b prbsbotnr, `÷o`b gnonikznr,bogkan tboës qub jngbr uo hrno bscubrze `b rbuokr hbotb perqub guniqukbrpreùggk÷o -y augje aîs bo bi gnape `b ckggk÷o qub bs ie qub aîs n aá




>2:

ab kotbrbsn, perqub ouogn ab kotbrbs÷ bi èguabotni- bs uo trndnlebakobotbabotb hrupni, geibgtkve, qub tboës qub `bcbo`br `b tnotn hbotb,erhnokznr tnotn hbotb, tboës qub jngbr uon kovbrsk÷o bgeo÷akgn rnzeondibpnrn edtbobr uo antbrkni qub tbgoei÷hkgnabotb sbn rnzeondib perqub in

prkabrn vbz bstî dkbo geo uon gnanrktn SJW, pbre `bspuës yn oe, `bspuësgn`n vbz tboës qub kr ikapknoè botrb geakiins tu gnik`n` tëgokgn, perqubves aksae yn oe sepertîs vbr bo tu trndnle gkbrtes brrerbs tëgokges qubsugb`kbreo oe perqub oe sndáns e perqub jkgkstb ani, skoe perqub vesgeotndns geo bsb bibabote pnrn trndnlnr. Bs khuni qub uo cet÷hrnce süpbrcnaese oe tb vn n quktnr uons cetes geo uon Me`nm kostnantkg, bsb aksaepbrseonlb geo bsn gîanrn tb vn n quktnr geo uon gnik`n` `kcbrbotb,i÷hkgnabotb, edvknabotb, y ab `n rndkn jndinr `b ie edvke. Vbre veivkboèn tu prbhuotn, bi gn`n `án tb ndserdb y bs auy `kcágki gunoè ves oe tboës`÷o`b gnonikznr< `bgkr pnre teè, hnste pintn, ab rbvkbote nranoè bihrupe, nranoè bste pnrn `bspuës tbobr uo antbrkni bo in anoe qub ibaestrnrîs n uo hrupe `b nakhes... Bsn bs in hrno `bskiusk÷o. Boteogbsgn`n vbz uoe preùgb aboes y aboes n oe sbr qub ves jnhns `b bste tuab`ke `b vk`be, qub bo ak gnse oe sb `n perqub sey nrquktbgte y bsn bs ak

precbsk÷o y bsn bs in vngn qub ab `n in ibgjb.- µûë prbakes e abogkeobs edtuvkstb geo tus vk`bes5

- Bi prbake prkogkpni cub jndbr edtbokè bi prkabr prbake `bi cbstkvni `biGGVN, pbre grbe qub tnadkëo cub uo prbake bi jbgje `b jndbr skèsbibggkeonè pnrn pnrtkgkpnr bo bi cbstkvni `b vk`be `b Dbriáo èo`b sbsbibggkeono `b akibs y akibs `b trndnles. Bo gkbrtes iuhnrbs geae bsbcbstkvni, geae in cbrkn kotbrongkeoni `b nrtb, Nrge, `b An`rk`, bi jbgje `bjndbr skè sbibggkeonè pnrn pnrtkgkpnr yn bs uo prbake.

- µGrbbs qub tus trndnles bo vk`be tkbobo uon kociubogkn `b `krbgterbs

ongkeonibs e bxtrnolbres5

- Ndseiutnabotb oe `b `krbgterbs ongkeonibs, bse oe së `b ie qub ab bstîs

jndinoè... [ skogbrnabotb. [ `b ie etre... Pb pe`rán `bgkr oeadrbs pbre oesbrán tetniabotb jeobste. Ver supubste, pnrn aá jny hrno`bs `krbgterbsgkobantehrîckges qub ab anrgnreo perqub bs geae qub iibhîs n uo puotebo èo`b tboës in gnpngk`n` `b rbgeoegbr in bxgbibogkn `b in edrn `b inetrn pbrseon, bse bs rbniabotb gunoè in hbotb `kgb ’ab anrg÷‑. Grbe qubbs uo gunoè pe`ës rbgeoegbr, ko`bpbo`kbotbabotb `b tu gnpngk`n` `bjngbrie. Boteogbs gunoè ves pe`ës rbgeoegbr in bxgbibogkn `b in gnik`n``bi trndnle nlboe, boteogbs ves aksae ablerîs tnadkëo. Boteogbs te`nsbsns bxpbrkbogkns `b ins gunibs tb `k uo pnotniinze, `b ie qub vk y `b ie qubskbaprb vk bo vk`n, tb vno `blnoè uo nrgjkve vksuni qub kotuktkvnabotb notbin obgbsk`n` `b preùgkr nihe, ves sbibggkeoîs, preùgás pbre pregbsîs npnrtkr `b in kocerangk÷o kogeapibtn, geae tb jndán ibáè. Vregbsîs pnrnpreùgkr. [ yn gunoè tboës uo preùgte suckgkbotbabotb erkhkoni, bsbpreùgte oe sb judkbrn pe`kè jndbr jbgje sko teè bsb nrgjkve

kgeoehrîckge vksuni qub tbohe. E sbn, uo ko`áhbon bsqukani oe bstnrán bogeo`kgkeobs `b jngbr bse perqub su nrgjkve vksuni y su anoble `b iesbibabotes skad÷ikges seo tno `kcbrbotbs n ies `b oubstrn guiturn eggk`botniqub oe bs qub biies sbno aboes e aîs kotbikhbotbs, skoe qub seinabotb tbgeapnre pnrn `bgkrtb qub oe pub`b jndbr uon preùggk÷o `b in on`n, bsaîs ikaktn`n, y per ie tnote su preùggk÷o tkbob qub sbr aîs ikaktn`n.Boteogbs, n pnrtkr `b bse bs qub uoe preùgb pbre bs auy `kcágki yn `botre`b in preùggk÷o nàkrnr bi trndnle `b cuinoe. Pb pe`rán `nr oeadrbs, pbre




>2;

oe bo bi sbotkè `b qub su kociubogkn sb vb rbcibln`n bo ak trndnle... Verqubtnadkëo bs uo dubo skstban, jny hbotb qub `krbgtnabotb sb `blnkociubogknr y preùgb n pnrtkr `b bse gesns anrnvkiiesns. [e oe grbe bo bsepbre n aá skbaprb ab npnskeo÷ augje bsb auoè aîhkge `b Cbiikok... Bsb

rktae, nuoqub bs tno pnrn`÷lkge bse perqub in vbz pnsn`n bstuvb vkboè `boubve Egje y ab`ke y ab pnrbgán ibotáskan bo rbingk÷o n ie qub ye tboán boak nrgjkve abotni. Wko badnrhe, jny uo etre rktae qub n uoe ib qub`n quboe bs bi rktae erkhkoni `b uon edrn ok bs bi rktae qub uoe qukbrb `nr, skoe bsbi rktae qub ib qub`÷ n uoe bo bi sbotkakbote, bi rktae, in nraeoán y tnadkëoin abie`án `bi vk`be. Boteogbs pnrn aá bstîo bo bsb sbotkè sá Cbiikok,Dbrhano, Vnseikok, Sksgeotk, in anyerán ktniknoes, snive Dbrhano. [e grbequb bs in hbotb qub aîs prbsbotb bstî `botre `b ak nrgjkve.

- µCutures preybgtes bo vk`be5

- Ie qub tb `krán bs qub jny cutures hrno`bs `bsbes. [ vey n pregurnr qubbses `bsbes sb geovkbrtno bo rbnik`n`. Ver ie aboes bo bstb aeabotebstey geo uo preybgte, bo bi guni jny uon vksk÷o k`bni `b in guni skbaprb sbpnrtb. N pnrtkr `b bsn vksk÷o k`bni, qub tb prepeoës jngbr uo rnsgngkbies `b

2:; pkses, geo 04 ga, ie qub sbn, oe kapertn, `botre `b in vksk÷o k`bni teèbs vîikè. Bsn vksk÷o k`bni sb tkbob qub geovbrtkr bo uon vksk÷o rbni, bo ëstnyn bapkbzno n botrnr teès ies bibabotes kotbroes y bxtbroes qub tbpe`ráno hbobrnr e oe bi preybgte, perqub ëstb bs uon kiusk÷o seinabotb,guniqukbr preybgte bo guniqukbr gnape... Wupeohe qub gunoè pbosnreobovknr uo gejbtb n in iuon, bo bsb aeabote brn kapeskdib. E rbgubrè qubuon vbz uon pbrseon qub brn nakhn `b etrn pbrseon, qub bstndn bo uosbrvkgke ab`ke sbgrbte, ib geot÷ qub `botre `b pege kdn n jndbr uonaîqukon bo in guni peoáns uon gnrtn y in gnrtn kostnotîobnabotb snián boetre pnás< ib bstndn jndinoè `bi cnx. [ bse brn nihe nsá geae... Bskogrbádib qub oesetres skboè pbrseons tno l÷vbobs -nsá ab geosk`bre-jnynaes vkste gesns kogrbádibs. Geo in b`n` qub tbohe, jb vkste bi prkabrtbibvkser, bi prkabr nkrb ngeo`kgkeonè, in prkabrn jbin`brn, in prkabrngegkon n hns. [ njern bstnaes n akiieobs `b nþes `b `kstnogkn `b bse.

Boteogbs skbaprb uoe tkbob uon vksk÷o k`bni, bo bstb aeabote bstey geobsn vksk÷o k`bni y qukbre preùgkr, kogiuse tbohe bi oeadrb `b ie qub qukbrepreùgkr. N vbgbs bse jngb qub ins gesns sb geogrbtbo. E sbn qub akpr÷xkae vk`be sb iinanrî ’@bspuës `b ins gbokzns‑ perqub, per supubste,`bspuës `bi cubhe qub`no ins gbokzns, pbre quë pnsn `bspuës `b insgbokzns, perqub, bs i÷hkge, ins gbokzns seo uon geosbgubogkn i÷hkgn `bicubhe, pbre quë pnsn `bspuës `b biins, `÷o`b bstî e oe in cubrzn pnrnsbhukr, pnrn veivbr n bapbznr, pnrn veivbr n geovbrtkr bsns gbokzns boibþes qub pub`no veivbr n sbr qubanès. Boteogbs bstey `botre `b bsnvksk÷o k`bni, bstey trndnlnoè bo bsn k`bn qub njern no`n subitn y qukzîsobgbsktnrán uo prbtbxte pnrn edikhnrab n geogrbtnr, pbre grbe qub bstb nþeab prepusb uo pege `nrab tkbape perqub bo ies üitkaes nþes ak trndnleprkogkpniabotb `b nrquktbgturn -hrngkns n @kes, perqub tbohe augjetrndnle- ab ndserdb augje y oe ab gudrb ins etrns obgbsk`n`bs qub n aá

ab gudrb bi vk`be b kogiuse in pkoturn. Nsá qub bspbre auy preote veivbr npreùgkr.

- Cbstkvnibs qub geoegës. µIibhnstb n pnrtkgkpnr `bi cbstkvni `bi ’ Luno

`b Wninznr‑ 5

- Wá. y ie qub sugb`k÷ bs qub `bspuës bapbgë n bovknr ni bxtbrker in trkiehánperqub pe`ës ano`nr akbotrns oe sb geoezgno, pbre guîotns vbgbs pe`ës




>36

prbsbotnr ies aksaes trndnles bo bstb ab`ke tno rbùgkè. Auy rîpkè sb tbnhetn. [ geae `bspuës `b bse gn`n vbz cuk preùgkboè aboes, bsn bs injksterkn, iibhnaes ni 4666 y vubive `b oubve n uon vksk÷o k`bni.

- µPb nger`îs `bi cbstkvni `b in rbvkstn Sk`be Obw Anhnokzb5Wá... pbre oe rbgubrè sk pnrtkgkpë. Vbre grbe qub `bdb jndbr nihüo antbrknibsgrkte, y bsb bs bi tkpe `b gesns qub jny qub rbsgntnr perqub augjns `bbsns gesns qub`nreo bsgrktns, bi prehrnan, pbre `b rbpbotb ab pk`kbreotnotns vbgbs in trkiehán qub oe së ok `÷o`b sb usnreo.

BOPBSKWPN N LRNO GNTIEW ANBHIKN

Botrbvkstn rbnikzn`n per @kbhe Jbroîo Drea Nttkns bi > `b ndrki `b 4666 boNsuogk÷o.

- µGuîoè ves tuvks tb tu prkabr geotngte geo bi SJW5

- Oe së bxngtnabotb bi nþe, perqub ye botrë bo bi Gkobgiud gunoè tboán; nþes, `bspuës `b trbs nþes, n ies >>, bapbgë n trndnlnr bo Wüpbr :,oesetres skbaprb trndnlnaes bo bsb cerante, qub bs gkob pbre bs in aktn``b nogje `bi `b >3 aa, bs uo cerante qub sb pbrcbggkeo÷ -perqub binotbrker brn bi : oeaîs-, y bi Wüpbr : tboán seokè y ies preybgterbs tboánokogiuse in peskdkik`n` `b hrndnr seokè, tboán augjns vbotnlns. [ bo biGkobgiud tboánaes uo bqukpe geapibte `b Wüpbr :, èo b pe`ánaes b`ktnr,tboánaes in aeotnèrn, tboánaes in peskdkik`n` kogiuse `b abzginr seokè...Brn dnstnotb geapibte bi bqukpe.

- µBsb bqukpe brn geaüo e cîgki `b nggb`br e seinabotb ustb`bs ie

tboáno5

- Grbe qub jndán augjns cnakikns qub tboáno pbre brn uo iule y brn uon

gesn oe tno pepuinr, oe teès sndáno qub bxkstán. Bs geae vbr qub ngî uoncnakikn tkbob uon gîanrn precbskeoni `b cetehrncán< oe teès tkbobo y oe nteès sb lustkckgn bi jbgje `b kovbrtkr tnote `kobre bo uon gîanrn tno dubon.

Boteogbs, bsb cub ak prkabr geotngte geo bi gkob. Oe së bi nþe, pbre jndrîskè bo bi :6 u :>, aîs e aboes, qub oesetres vboánaes trndnlnoète`nván bo Wüpbr : y bi pn`rb Aeotbre Pkrnè rbgkdk÷ uon èongk÷o `b uobqukpe Dbtnanx pnrn bi Gkobgiud. [ brn uo bqukpe geapibte qub brn uognsbtbre, uon gîanrn y pnrn aá cub uon gesn auy cubrtb perqub, prkabre,brn uo bqukpe qub tb peskdkiktndn vbr ins hrndngkeobs ni kostnotb. [ pnrnoesetres yn brn uon `kstnogkn auy hrno`b geo bi Wüpbr :, perqub ùrnotbaugje tkbape tboánaes qub ano`nr n Nibanokn n rbvbinr ins gkotns, y`bspuës `b uo abs vbánaes rbgkëo ie qub ckiaîdnaes. @bspuës `b uotkbape jndán ngî uo iuhnr èo`b pe`áns rbvbinr, qub grbe qub brn Culk e

nihe nsá, pbre rbvbindno auy ani, boteogbs n vbgbs qubandno bi ckia, brngeae bstnr geo bi Lbsüs bo in degn per bsb trndnle ani jbgje. [ bi vk`bebrn in gubstk÷o kostnotîobn y ves vbáns bxngtnabotb geae bstndnshrndnoè, brn uon gesn anrnvkiiesn. Bogkan uon gkotn `b Wüpbr : tboán trbsakoutes, brn dnstnotb gnrn, oe tb pe`áns bqukvegnr, oe pe`áns jngbraugjns teans, y bi Dbtnanx brn uo bqukpe guyn gkotn tboán ès jerns, sk tbbqukvegndns, pe`áns rbtregb`br, hrndnr bogkan, tboán augjns vbotnlns...




>3>

Bapbznaes n usnr bi Dbtnanx, kogiuse oe tboánaes augjes gnsbtbs,tboánaes peges gnsbtbs, pbre rbgkgiîdnaes y tboánaes in `bsvbotnln `bqub gnsk oe pe`ánaes b`ktnr, pbre bsb bqukpe tboán nihe qub ouogn aîs vk`bspuës< tboán nihe qub sb iinandn vk`bein, qub `ndn in peskdkik`n` `b

gertnr gnsk bo bi gun`re qub qubráns gertnr, y pe`áns b`ktnr geae bogîanrn.

[ `bspuës bi pn`rb Aeotbre geoskhuk÷ etre bqukpe qub bo bsb aeabotebrn... oe sb ab ngubrè g÷ae sb iinandn, pbre brn uon gîanrn qub yntboán kogerpernè bi gnsbtbre pbre bi vkser brn geae bi `b uon gîanrncetehrîckgn oe rbcibx, e sbn, ves oe vbáns bi gun`re, ok skqukbrn vbáns ie qubbstndns hrndnoè, seinabotb vbáns bi bogun`rb, oe pe`áns rbtregb`br,on`n, brn gnsk geae uon gîanrn `b gkob pbre bo vk`be, pbre in vbotnln qubtboán brn qub brn auy geapngtn

- µBse bo quë nþe cub5

- Cub bo bi :>, per njá, grbe qub cub bo bi egjbotn bse qub ib klb.

- µBi Dbtnanx cub bo bi :65- :6... Gnpnz qub bo bi :>, oe ab ngubrè, perqub ye tbrakoë bo bi :0 bigeibhke y oesetres jngán trbs e guntre nþes qub bstîdnaes ckianoè bovk`be. Vbre oe së bxngtnabotb...

- µVe`rës rbsuakr uo pege ie `b in npnrkgk÷o `bi SJW y bi `bspinze

`bi Wüpbr :5

- Bi SJW gunoè npnrbgb bo bi :6 bs uon tbgoeiehán oubvn bo bi auoèqub rbbapinzn n in gîanrn Wüpbr :, per bse ëstn gnsk yn oe bxkstb. Bs uocerante cáiakge qub bs rbbapinznè per uon gesn augje aîs oubvn, per inkostnotnobk`n` qub tboán, bi vk`be tkbob uon kostnotnobk`n` qub bi Wüpbr :oe tboán, perqub ëstb tboán qub pnsnr per teè uo pregbse `b rbvbinè qubgeo bi SJW yn oe bxkstk÷.

- µVe`ës jndinr `b in `kcbrbogkn `bi cerante, botrb ie qub bs cáiakge,

ie qub bs SJW y ie qub cub Dbtnanx5

- Nihuons gnrngtbrástkgns yn gktë< prkabre, in peskdkik`n` b qub npbonshrndndns nihe, pe`áns rbvksnr tu antbrkni y in cetehrncán qub ves vbáns bo biaeokter yn brn bxngtnabotb in cetehrncán qub bstndns hrndnoè bo bignsbtb. Wbhuoè< brn dnrnte perqub tboán uo gnsbtb `b ès jerns y pe`ánshrndnr augje tkbape, pe`áns prednr gesns qub bo bi Wüpbr : oe perqub brnuo cerante auy gnre. [ tnadkëo bi tban `b qub bi gkob tkbob in gesnanrnvkiiesn `b qub ves tegns in gkotn, bs uon gubstk÷o èo`b ves anokpuiîstu grbngk÷o, gertns, pbhns, predîs, bs auy tegndib ie qub jngbs= y bo bivk`be on`n sb tegn, bs geae qub in gkotn bstî hrndn`n y ves oe vbs qubbstî hrndn`n, b`ktîs pbre oe vbs `÷o`b bstî gertn`n in gkotn. Pkbob te`n

bsn gubstk÷o `b qub oe tboës bsb ngbrgnakbote... [ in etrn gubstk÷o bs qubbi gkob bs cetehrîckge y bi vk`be bs bibgtr÷okge. Wkbaprb bi gkob, ni sbr gkob yni sbr cetehrîckge, tkbob bi anoble `b in iuz, qub bs anrnvkiiesn, in ibgturnqub tboës `b ies obhres, `b ies dinoges bs skbaprb abler qub bi vk`be, npbsnr `b qub sbn Wüpbr :. [ tnadkëo in vbotnln `b qub bi gkob, bo bsbaeabote, ves ie pe`áns preybgtnr y bi vk`be te`nván oe, bo bsb aeaboteoe geoegánaes te`nván ies preybgterbs `b vk`be, boteogbs bo uon




>34

prbsbotngk÷o b ckoni `b trndnle jndán uon tbib bo bi ab`ke, ie guni oe brn inaksan sbosngk÷o qub uon pnotniin. [ bsns seo ins `kcbrbogkns aîs`bstngn`ns botrb gkob y vk`be.

- µGuîotn hbotb pnrtkg kpndn `bi Gkobgiud5- Ie qub pnsn bs qub jndán uo Gkobgiud bo bi Grkste Tby. Oe së guîotnhbotb, pbre ërnaes gnsk guntre e gkoge hrupes `b gnsk vbkotb e vbkotkgkogepbrseons gn`n hrupe. Verqub tboáns trbs nþes `b Gkob Giud Kocnotki, y`bspuës sb bapbz÷ n vbr bi prkabr nþe `bi Gkobgiud luvboki, qub sbbxtbo`k÷ iubhe n trbs nþes, sbhüo bi kotbrës `b in hbotb. Bo bi Gkobgiud luvboki ves yn preùgáns oeaîs y bo bi Gkobgiud kocnotki tb `ndno uon dnsbtb÷rkge-prîgtkgn pnrn qub botkbo`ns geo quë bibabotes luhnr. Vbre oeseinabotb bxkstán bo bi Geibhke Grkste Tby. Bsb Gkobgiud sb bxtbo`k÷ netres geibhkes geae bi Pëgokge Lnvkbr, bi Koanguiëb, geo ies gunibs bi üokgengbrgnakbote qub ye tboán brn bi kotbrgnadke `b trndnles. E sbn, biKoanguiëb e bi Pëgokge Lnvkbr oes ano`ndno sus trndnles y oesetres ibsano`îdnaes ies oubstres, pbre bse hbobrndn geae uon bspbgkb `b giud`b gkob `b gjkges luhnoè y grbnoè `botre `bi gkob, y qub jnyn bsb

kotbrgnadke brn anrnvkiiese. N`baîs, geae bi Gkobgiud ongb n pnrtkr `biVino `b Bùgngk÷o Nu`kevksuni pnrn Okþes, qub, n su vbz, ongk÷ n pnrtkr `bin Erhnokzngk÷o Gnt÷ikgn Kotbrongkeoni `b Gkob (EGKG), y tboán vnrkesGkobgiudbs bo Intkoenaërkgn< bo Bgunèr, Rruhuny, Deikvkn, Gjkib, pbre oebo Nrhbotkon, n pbsnr `b qub jude vnrkes kotbotes. Grbe qub gn`n ès nþessb jngán uo bogubotre geo te`n in hbotb qub anoblndn ies Gkobgiudbs. Brnuon gesn auy dkbo erhnokzn`n, auy sbrkn, èo`b jndán uo kotbrgnadke `bprehrnans, bxpbrkbogkns, brn uon gesn auy i ko`n.

Bse bs Gkobgiud, y ie trnte perqub cub ak prkabr ngbrgnakbote ni vk`be. Bivk`be iibh÷ n ak gnsn augje tkbape `bspuës. Bo bsb aeabote, bi prkabrbqukpe qub iibh÷ brn bi Dbtnanx y bi aevkakbote vk`be -oe së sk teè, pbrebi qub ye geoegán- sb aeván n okvbi `b Dbtnanx. Pnote bs nsá qub bi prkabrvk`begiud qub surhk÷ bo Vnrnhuny tboán pbiáguins bo Dbtnanx. Dbtnanx bs

bi cerante qub koùstrknikz÷ in Weoy. Tbgubrè qub Sk`be Wjew Giud cub biprkabr vk`begiud. Jndán uoe sedrb Anrksgni I÷pbz y etre sedrb Te`ráhubz`b Crnogkn y bi `b Anrksgni I÷pbz cub bi prkabre. Bo >;:> ye ab kdn ndusgnr vk`bes pnrn niqukinr y yn jndán SJW, oe seinabotb Dbtnanx, inanyerán brno Dbtnanx, pbre yn jndán bo SJW oerani, qub bs bi quboesetres anoblnaes jnstn njern. @bspuës npnrbgkbreo etres vk`bes. Bsebrn uo deea perqub pe`áns prbstnr pbiáguins y vbrins bo tu gnsn. Oe jndánaugjes tátuies pbre brn anrnvkiiese, sb `kvk`áno bo `rnan, geab`kn,boteogbs ves tb kdns n rbtkrnr tu vk`be.

Jndinaes uo pequkte `b Dbtnanx, pbre oe së bo guîote tkbape `bspuës...Bi Dbtnanx bapul÷ in Weoy, qub, sbhüo augjn hbotb, bs uo cerante ablerqub bi SJW, y `bspuës grbe qub in Vnonseokg (tbo`ránaes qub dusgnr niheginre sedrb bsb tban) e in LSG, oe ab ngubrè, cub in qub bapul÷ bi SJW,

qub brn uo cerante aîs cîgki, bo bi sbotkè `b qub brn aîs sbogkiie qub biDbtnanx, uon vbz ab bxpikgnreo per quë, pbre oe ab ngubrè tnapege. Bkogiuse auo`kniabotb bi SJW ib hno÷ augje tbrrboe ni Dbtnanx perqub brnaîs gnre, aîs `kcágki `b nrrbhinr... N pbsnr `b qub bse egurrk÷ sedrb teè bopnásbs geae bo Nrhbotkon, Vnrnhuny, Rruhuny, èo`b sb kapuse aîs biSJW. Vbre bo bi geoe oertb `b Intkoenaërkgn -geae Bgunèr, Deikvkn, Vbrü-skhuk÷ bxkstkboè bi Dbtnanx geae cerante ùrnotb augjáskae tkbape. [e




>37

vknlë bo bi :2 n vnrkes pnásbs y sbhuán bxkstkboè Dbtnanx y teè bi auoètb `ndn Dbtnanx geae gepkn, geae cerante.

- µBo bsb aeabote bi gkob brn uon nitbrontkvn, e sbn, sb

preybgtndno pbiáguins oeraniabotb e oe, nsá in hbotb sb kdn aîs n iesvk`bes5 µWb veig÷ in hbotb ni vk`be perqub oe jndán preybggkeobs `b

gkob5

- Oe, pnrn bi nþe :> brn uon ëiktb auy prkvkibhkn`n in qub pe án tbobr uognsbtbre `b vk`be, ins qub pe`áno geosbhukr kr n uo vk`begiud... Brn uo iule.Auy pegn hbotb tboán. Cub rnpk`áskae bi grbgkakbote `bi vk`be, bs geae biSJW `b njern, vkstb qub vkbob gn`n vbz aîs gjkqukte, `bspuës cub uongesn auy gnsbrn. Veoëib qub `bs`b bi :> jnstn bi :7 cub gunoè inspbrseons aîs pu`kbotbs pe`áno nggb`br ni SJW. Vbre ye ab ngubrè qubbo bi :2, bo ies qukogb nþes `b aks nakhns, sb hrndndn bo SJW. N pnrtkr`bi :0 e bi :2, aîs hbotb tboán SJW, yn oe brn uon gesn qub tboáns qub sbraîs pu`kbotb pnrn tbobr. [n bapbz÷ n grbgbr bi tban `b qub in hbotb

hrndndn guapibnþes, de`ns y teè bse bo SJW, qub brn uo kostruabotepnrn bsn hbotb pnrn hrndnr ngeotbgkakbotes cnakiknrbs y segknibs. Wk dkbobrn -perqub bi SJW jnstn njern bs uo cerante gnsbre, pnrn qub uoe nhnrrby hrndb bo su gnsn ies ngeotbgkakbotes cnakiknrbs, qub rbbapinzn ni Wüpbr: `b jngb `kbz nþes- sb bapbz÷ n usnr geae ab`ke `b trndnle pnrn hbotbqub tboán qub hrndnr ngeotbgkakbotes segknibs. [ `bs`b bi :0 u :2 yn teèbi auoè bapbz÷ n tbobr SJW.

- µVbre bxkstáno preybggkeobs, jndán uon koùstrk n `b gkob bo

Nsuogk÷o...5

- Bxkstán uon koùstrkn `b gkob...

- µ[ brn aîs anskvn bo gunote n prbgke5

- Brn augjáskae aîs anskvn. Ie qub oe sndrán rbspeo`brtb bogeapnrngk÷o n ie qub bs njern bi gkob. Grbe qub bvk`botbabotb jndánoaugjns aboes snins, pbre oe së sk ves tb nger`îs qub `b rbpbotb tb kdnsuo sîdnè n in skbstn ni gkob Vrbakbr y cerandns gein, e tb kdns uo èakohen in oegjb ni gkob Tean y tnadkëo cerandns gein. Jndán gkob y brn pepuinr.

- µûkëobs cubreo ies qub ndrkbreo bi prkabr vk`begiud5

- Oe tbohe k`bn. [e tnadkëo qukbre jngbr uo pnrnibie geo bi tban b qubbstî bsn bxpbrkbogkn `bi Gkobgiud, bstî bsn bxpbrkbogkn `b hbotb qub ibiibhndn bi bqukpe y qub ie usndn pnrn etrn gesn, geae bo bi gnse `bustb`bs nakhes y cnakiknrbs, qub ibs iibhndn y hrndndno susngeotbgkakbotes. [ bstî bi gnse, qub bse sá tb vn n rbspeo`br Lerhb Teux,`b uoe `b ies prkabres bqukpes `b vk`be e `b hrndngk÷o `b kanhbobibgtr÷okgn qub iibh÷ n in Rokvbrsk`n` Gnt÷ikgn `b Nsuogk÷o, pbre oesetres

oe sndbaes bi nþe y bi anoble qub tuve bsb bqukpe. Ie üokge qub sndbaesbs qub bo bi nþe bo qub iibh÷ bsb bqukpe Gnoni ; te`nván oe tboán inpeskdkik`n` `b hrndnr bo vk`be y prbstndno `b in RGN pnrn èguabotnrgesns. Boteogbs, biies oe tboáno. Wus oetkgkbres biies ies jngáno bo >3 aa,hrndndno bo >3 aa, sb rbvbindn bo bi `án y pnsndno...




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- µ@÷o`b sb rbvbindn bse5

- Peè sb rbvbindn ngî. Grbe qub ies gnonibs tboáno su skstban `brbvbinè, y brn süpbr rîpkè, perqub... tb gubote uon noëgètn aîs. [etboán eogb e ègb nþes, bstndn bo bi Gkobgiud, y `btrîs `b Gnoni ;,

gbrquktn `b in notbon jndán geae uo dni`áe y uo peze, èo`b sb tkrndno insgkotns `b >3 aa, y ye ab kdn y luotndn, brn pnrn aá uon gesn anrnvkiiesn luotnr ins gkotns.

- µ[ per quë sb tkrndno5

- Akibs jndáno, `bi oetkgkbre brno, qub ckiandno...

- µOe tboáno okohüo nrgjkve5

- Ok njern tkbobo. Brn qub sb konuhurndn in bsgubiktn y sb kdn Wtrebssobr,sb kdn, sb ckiandn, sb pnsndn y predndibabotb `bspuës `b uo abs tkrndnonjá. Vbre ye ab ngubrè qub ab kdn y luotndn ins pbiáguins `b >3 aa yhunr`ndn y akrndn. Ver bse tb `khe< ies oetkgkbres sb jngáno bo >3 aa.Grbe qub oe së bo quë nþe bapbz÷ n iibhnr bi cerante vk`be `botre `b ies

gnonibs. In vbr`n` qub oe tbohe k`bn.

Ie kapertnotb ngî, qub ab pnrbgb ginvb, bs qub `botre `bi vk`be jny`kstkotes okvbibs, nsá geae bo bi gkob. Wk ves jndiîs `b Wüpbr : bo bi gkobbs dîskgnabotb cáiakge y vk`be bibgtr÷okge. Wüpbr : bs geae jndinr `b uoskstban `b gkob pbre gnsbre. In gnanrktn bs pbqubþn, in gkotn bs auygjkquktn, brn augje aîs pertîtki, y su edlbtkve brn qub ves tbohns uo ab`kequb sbn èaëstkge pnrn hrndnr tus ngeotbgkakbotes segknibs... Bo BstnèsRokès brn geae tbobr uo SJW jngb nþes. @bspuës bstndn bi >3 aa, qubsb usndn aîs pnrn èguabotnibs, bi 72 aa, bi 86aa y bi 82 aa, qub ingnik`n` bs bxgbibotb, augje aîs gnre y aîs precbskeoni, qub bs pnrn useprecbskeoni y qub jnstn njern sb usno. [ bstî teè uo `bsgudrkakbote nokvbi tbgoei÷hkge bo bi auoè èo`b ongb bi vk`be, èo`b, bo gkbrtnanobrn, bi vk`be yn bapbz÷ n ongbr bo ies Bstnès Rokès bo ies 86, in

hbotb yn jngán gesns bo vk`be, kogiuse bo ies 36, qub ves vbáns bsnskaîhbobs tkpe dinoge y obhre, ies npnrntes brno bibgtr÷okges yn, yn oe brnocáiakges. [ bse cub bveiugkeonoè per in tbgoeiehán aksan y surhb bi vk`begnsbre, qub bi bs SJW, bi Sk`be Jeab Wystba. [ bsb vk`be gnsbre vkbob nrbbapinznr ni Wüpbr :, pbre bs uo SJW. Bo pnrnibie ni vk`be, n okvbiprecbskeoni tnadkëo sb cub `bsnrreiinoè. Boteogbs bo ies gnonibs, n pnrtkr`b ies :6 y ies ;6, bo bsn `ëgn`n, grbgb bi vk`be pbre augjáskae, sbcertnibgb b kovn`b bi pnás. [ ies gnonibs bapkbzno n trndnlnr bo vk`be pbren okvbi precbskeoni. Bapkbzno n trndnlnr bo R-Antkg, qub bs uo ceranteaugje aîs precbskeoni qub bi SJW= bi Dbtngna, bi Dbtngna WV, jnstniibhnr njern n ie qub bs in brn `khktni. [ bs teè vk`be, pbre bi vk`be etrn vbzsb `kvk`b, geae bi gkob. Boteogbs, ies cáiakge qub`n gnsk pnrn ie qub bs inkoùstrkn gkobantehrîckgn y bi vk`be vkbob n rbbapinznr ni gkob bo bi auoètbibvkskve per uon gubstk÷o `b rnpk`bz, rnpk`bz `b ins oetkgkns, `bi `án n `án,

qub obgbsktno in kostnotnobk`n`, in gesn njern, boteogbs bvk`botbabotb intbgoeiehán cub ngeapnþnoè bse y grbgk÷ y... Bse jny qub `kcbrbogknr dkbo.[ in tbgoeiehán `bi SJW tnadkëo sb cub ae`kckgnoè, gnadknoè,ablernoè, pbre skbaprb bi SJW bs pnrn ins gnsns, pnrn qub ves nhnrrbs yckiabs in prkabrn vbz qub tu oboktn gnakon... Boteogbs µquë pns÷ bo ies:65 Vns÷ qub n pnrtkr `b >;:4, gunoè bi Gkobgiud tkbob bsb SJW qub brnpnrn in gnsn, e uo Lerhb Teux y in hbotb `b in RGN tnadkëo tuve su bqukpe`b SJW, qub brn uon gesn tetniabotb oubvn... E sbn, bi vk`be tuve augjns




>32

gerrkbotbs, pbre te`ns brno gnsbrns, n bse ab rbckbre, oe brn on`nprecbskeoni. Vbre ie kotbrbsnotb ngî bs qub biies nhnrrno y utkikzno bsbbibabote, qub bs uo bibabote dîskgnabotb pnrn in gnsn, y bapkbzno geobsb bibabote n trndnlnr pnrn in ckggk÷o. Bse ab pnrbgb kotbrbsnotb qub sb

rbgniqub. Bapkbzno n geotnr jksterkns geo bsb kostruabote qub bsdîskgnabotb pnrn use èaëstkge. Verqub brn uon nitbrontkvn notb ies nitesgestes qub kapikgndn jngbr nihe `b gkob. Brn auy gnre. Ro gnsbtb `b SJWbo bstb aeabote tb snib 26 aki Hs. y uon gkotn `b : aa tb snib 426 RW$ yùrn guntre akoutes y bi SJW ùrn ès jerns y ab`kn. Pnadkëo bse per uongubstk÷o `b prbgke vnrán.

Grbe qub bo ies :6 bapkbzn in `bgn`bogkn `bi gkob `b ngî geae koùstrkn,ins snins `b gkob. Grbe qub bapkbzn y bo ies ;6, jnstn bi ;2, aîs e aboes,njá grbe qub iibhn... bo bi ::, :; bs bi tepb `b in grksks qub jny ngî. Oeiibhno gnsk pbiáguins... Bo bi :6 geaboz÷, jndáno pegns snins, pbre vboánogkbrtns pbiáguins. Vbre sk ab ngubrè, ouogn vbán in gnotk`n` `b pbiáguinsqub vbe njern. Vkbose qub bo teè Vnrnhuny bi gkob bs jnstn ies :6,perqub bo ies 86 aks pn`rbs y teè bi auoè sb kdn ni gkob y jndáno

prepubstns `b pbiáguins. N pnrtkr `b ies :6, jnstn bi ;7, aîs e aboes,bapkbzn uon `bgn`bogkn, sb bapkbzno n gbrrnr ies gkobs, augjes gkobstkpe Ntins, Tean, Hrnonès bapkbzno n sbr khibskns pretbstnotbs, gkobsperoe...

- µRstb`bs grbbo qub bse sb bdb n in kociu bogkn bi vk`be5

- Wá. Petniabotb sá. [ n in npnrkgk÷o `b etre gnoni aîs, bi >7. [n bo ies86 bapkbzn n `ksakoukr, bo ies :6 bs èo`b rbniabotb bi gkob bapkbzn ngnsk oe bxkstkr. Wb rbùgán n in snin `bi gkob Vrbakbr, èo`b vboáno nihuoesqub etres tátuies, tkpe Ceetieesb, qub brno deea y sb bstrbdno uoe e èstátuies kapertnotbs ni nþe. Vbre oe brn ie qub bs njern y ie qub brn bo etrespnásbs. Ab ngubrè, per `bgkrtb, qub bo bi :6 y pkge ab kaprbskeo÷ PepHuo, qub vk bo bi Vrbakbr, y ab kaprbskeo÷ bi seokè, pbre oe ab ngubrè`b etrns snins. Bo hbobrni, n okvbi auo`kni jude uon grksks `bi gkob per in

tbibvksk÷o, pbre ouogn geae in grksks n in qub iibhnaes ngî, èo`b iibh÷ nbxkstkr uon e ès snins seinabotb. Wk oes peobaes n pbosnr, in anyerán `bins snins gbrrnreo, sb geovkrtkbreo bo khibskns pertîtkibs `b ies üitkaestkbapes e sb veivkbreo peroe. Etres sb bgjnreo y sb bstîo jngkboèdnoges, bstngkeonakbotes, èo`b grbe qub brn bi Hrnonès. Bo ies :6 grbequb tkbob augje vbr bi curer `bi vk`be, bs geae qub nhnrrnreo y `klbreo"bstb cerante vn n rbbapinznr ni gkob". [ ngî geae qub bi kotbrës `b inhbotb brn qub`nrsb bo sus gnsns n vbr in tbib... [ bo ies ;6 rbsurhb geoteè bi gkob.

Jkst÷rkgnabotb ie qub `kgbo bs qub ie qub jkze qub abrab bi tban `b inhbotb qub kdn ni gkob bs in npnrkgk÷o `bi geier bo in tbibvksk÷o. Verqubgunoè jndán tbibvksk÷o bo dinoge y obhre te`nván bi gkob sbhuán skboèauy iinantkve, uon nitbrontkvn vîik`n. Bo bi aeabote bo qub in tbibvksk÷o

bapbz÷ n npnrbgbr bo geierbs, bs geae qub n in hbotb ib `ndn ie aksaequb`nrsb bo su gnsn y vbr uon pbiáguin bo geierbs, kogiuse brn aîs g÷aeèqub krsb ni gkob.

Jude tnadkëo gesns qub cubreo npnrbgkboè pnrnibinabotb. Roe bs bitban `b qub Gnoni ; bapbz÷ n jngbr nihuons ckggkeobs pbre oe hrndn`ns,seinabotb baktk`ns. Jngáno nihuons oevbins bo `krbgte y bo bsb aeabotete`nván oe jndán vk`be geae pnrn rbhkstrnr bse y qub sb baktn, brn bo




>33

`krbgte. Bs uo geakboze, perqub brn uon kanhbo bibgtr÷okgn qub sb baktán,qub sb gnptndn n okvbi `b gîanrns, qub oe sb hrndndn pbre sb baktán.

Oe së bo quë nþe, gunoè Gnoni ; bapbz÷ n tbobr ies prkabres bqukpes `b

vk`be, sb jkze in prkabrn sbrkb pnrnhunyn, qub cub Anh`nibon `b in gniib, inprkabrn ckggk÷o, qub jkze Tu`k Perhn. Bse cub bo bi :6 y pkge... Grbe qub oebxkstb okohuon gepkn `b bsb antbrkni. Bse cub uo puotni auy kotbrbsnotbperqub bse cub Gnoni ;. Ver su pnrtb, Gnoni >7 yn jkze in prkabrn sbrkb bogeierbs qub sb iina÷ Ak qubrkè ègter , qub `krkhk÷ y ngtu÷ Nroniè No`rë yAnrkiko Angkbi, grbe qub jndán per njá uon gepkn bo gnsbtb qub bstndn`bsgeapubstn. Weo ies ès rbgubrès qub tbohe `b qub sb jnyn jbgjeckggk÷o bo ies gnonibs y qub sb jnyn baktkè... Bo Anh`nibon ngtu÷, sk oeab bqukvege, bi ndehnè Anx Onrvîbz... Brn uo gerte `b uo gnpátuie...Jndán tnadkëo uon sbrkb qub `krkhk÷ Juhe Hnanrrn... bo bi :6 y pkge cub "Bisbgrbte `b in sbþern", uon akoksbrkb `b guntre gnpátuies, qub sb trnosaktk÷bo in tbib. "Bi sbgrbte `b in sbþern" cub bo bi ::, per njá... [ ab ngubrèqub sb hrndndn bo bi tbntre Nribquáo.

- Oe tb nger`îs guîoè npnrbgb in tbibvksk÷o n geier5

- Oe së guno e npnrbgk÷ bi geier bo in tbibvksk÷o... Wbrán duboe `bckokrbse... Grbe qub Gnoni >7 npnrbgb geo bi geier...

- Ses Lunogn, bapbznstb n trndnlnr bo bi Gkobgiud geo bi SJW, y

vboáns geotnoè jksterkns geo bi Wüpbr :. Bo bi :> tboës in

epertuok`n` `bi SJW. Njá bapbznstb n jngbr nihuoes trndnles `b

ckggk÷o.

- Oe së bxngtnabotb sk bo bi :> e bo bi :4, pbre njá bapbznaes n jngbries prkabres trndnles bo SJW. [ bse hbobr÷, geae brn uo cerante auydnrnte, nsá geae uo deea `b jngbr gesns bo vk`be. Vbre `botre `b iesGkobgiudbs bse kapikgndn qub auy pegn hbotb vbán, vbáno oubstres

pn`rbs... pbre brn auy rbùgkè bi püdikge qub tboán nggbse n bsesantbrknibs.

Vbre bi prkabr puotni qub ab ngubrè, qub hbobr÷ uo aevkakbote `b hbotbqub jngán ckggk÷o bo Vnrnhuny, geae nitbrontkve, cub bi Cbstkvni `b Sk`be`bi Gbotre Guiturni `b Bspnþn ’Luno `b Wninznr‑, qub ongk÷ dnle bi anoble`b bsb gbotre per Vnge Gerrni, qukbo erhnokz÷ bstb cbstkvni sko tbobr uongeogkbogkn `b ie qub kdn n hbobrnr ok sndbr sk kdn n tbobr e oe, hbotb okgeotkouk`n`. Cub in prkabrn vbz tnadkëo qub ye vk uo preybgter `b vk`be, esbn, qub bi vk`be sb pe`án preybgtnr sedrb uon pnotniin geae bi gkob, pnrnaá, brn nihe tetniabotb oubve, y ye ab ngubrè kogiuse bi geabotnrke `buon precbsern `bi Gkobgiud, qub sb iinandn Antki`b Erkez, qub `bgán< "guîibs in `kcbrbogkn geo bi gkob, yn sb pub`b preybgtnr. [n oe jny `kcbrbogkn. Pbvns y yn vbs preybgtnè tu vk`be". Boteogbs, sb hbobr÷ bstb cbstkvni y ab

ngubrè qub augjn hbotb prbpnr÷ ckggkeobs pnrn ëi y cub in prkabrn vbzqub ye vk hbotb ko`bpbo`kbotb qub preùgán ckggk÷o pnrn bi cbstkvni. Bse cubbo bi nþe :8. [ cub in prkabrn vbz qub, ko`bpbo`kbotbabotb `b ies trndnlesqub jndán jbgje bo bi Gkobgiud bo Wüpbr : -46 e 76 gerteabtrnlbs, qukzîsetres : e ; bo vk`be- y n pnrtb `bi cbstkvni jkgb vnrkes gertes notbs `bicbstkvni tkpe `bi bspngke, brn uon abzgin `b lubhe... Bs uo lubhe, luhnr njngbr ckggk÷o. Bo bi :0 bapbgë n jngbr uon pbiáguin qub qubrán qub sbn uoinrheabtrnlb, qub sb iinandn Gnsn `b drulns, èo`b rbniabotb hrndnaes




>38

gnsk te`n in pbiáguin pbre uo `án ab botbrë qub ak ngter prkogkpni tboán qubvknlnr n G÷rèdn n bstu`knr, boteogbs ib iinaë pnrn hrndnr in üitkan bsgbonb kovbotnaes njá uon üitkan bsgbon y bsb antbrkni ouogn sb b`kt÷, pbre`bspuës ie b`ktë geae uo vk`begikp qub sb iina÷ Gnzn `b drulns, pbre cub

bo bi :0.- Ie `bi Luno `b Wninznr cub bo bi :8. Rstb`bs bapkbzno n trndnlnr bo

bi :> bo vk`be bo bi Gkobgiud `bi Grkste Tby. Njá ves bapbzîs, `botre

`b bsb geotbxte `bi Gkobgiud, sb bapkbzn n jngbr ckggk÷o geo bsb

cerante gnsbre, rbbapinznoè ni Wüpbr : qub tnadkëo brn uo cerante

gnsbre. Bi blb, bvk`botbabotb, bs qub ustb`bs qubráno trndnlnr geo

dnles gestes. Sbáno pbiáguins y jngáno pbiáguins.

- Bo bi :7 ak vkble ab rbhni÷ uon gîanrn `b vk`be y uo gnsbtbre ybapbgë n preùgkr nihuons ckggkeobs.

- µ[ ÷o`b b`ktndns5

- B`ktndn bo ak gnsn anouniabotb. Luotndn ak gnsbtbre geo bi SJW, geobi gnsbtbre `b ak pnpî, peoán pnusn gn`n vbz qub ye qubrán gertnr, brn uonb`kgk÷o süpbr anouni. [ ak vk`be tboán Nu`ke @ud, qub pbraktán hrndnrseokès sedrb ins kaîhbobs, boteogbs geo bse peoán bi seokè. Jngán vk`begikps, jkgb vnrkes vk`bes `bi bspngke, jkgb vnrkns gesktns.

- µBo quë nþe cub in prkabrn ckggk÷o bo tbib5

- N pnrtkr `bi :8 cub geae uo bibabote qub gnadk÷ uo pege ak vksk÷o. Abngubrè qub bo bi :2 cub in prkabrn vbz qub vk bo bstb prehrnan `b gkobper bi gnoni >> `b Ceraesn, qub sb iinandn Cuogk÷o prkvn`n. Prnsaktán uoprehrnan geo pbiáguins vkblns y skbaprb bspbrndn bse perqub brn geae vbrpbiáguins qub ouogn kdn n vbr. [ skbaprb notbs `b pnsnr ins pbiáguinspnsndno gerteabtrnlbs. [ bapbznreo n pnsnr gerteabtrnlbs `b cbstkvnibs`b Nrhbotkon y n aá bse ab reapk÷ in gndbzn y `klb "¡quë cnotîstkge! Geotnruon jksterkn gertn...", n pbsnr qub jngb augje tkbape ie jngán, pbre brn uoibohunlb `kstkote, uon prepubstn `kstkotn, uon düsqub`n `kstkotn. Vbosndn"quë anrnvkiin jngbr nihe trntnoè `b dusgnr uo ibohunlb oubve". [ per bsegktë ie `bi ’Luno `b Wninznr‑. Vnge Gerrni erhnokz÷ bstb cbstkvni y brn uobxktnze, in hbotb qub`ndn ncubrn y dîskgnabotb brno trbs `áns qub sbpnsndno antbrknibs, ves tb noetndns geae uon sbanon notbs y `bspuës tb`ndno uo prehrnan y tb `bgáno bo quë `án kdns n pnrtkgkpnr, y sb pnsndn tuantbrkni ni püdikge. Bo prkogkpke, brn uo cbstkvni qub oe brn geapbtktkve, pbreni ckoni Vnge Gerrni `ke vnrkns abogkeobs n gkbrtn hbotb, geae abler`krbggk÷o y abler pbiáguin.

Vbre qukbre gktnr quë pns÷ botrb bi :0 y bi :8. Bi Gnoni ; bapbz÷ n jngbrnihuons gesktns `b ckggk÷o geo ies Gnrtbr, geo ies pnpîs `b Okgeiîs Gnrtbr,

geo tátbrbs. Kogiuse jkgkbreo uon vbz uo antbrkni, qub vk bo nihüo aeabote,qub brn jbraese -nuoqub oe së sk ie vbe njern ab vn n pnrbgbr duboe-pbre bo bsb aeabote ie vk y `klb "quë anrnvkiin". Brn `b uo gjkge qub sbpbr`án bo bi abrgnè y brn geo táttbrbs. Jkgkbreo te`n in bsgboehrncán, teè,brn kogrbádib. Jnstn njern ab ngubrè uon vbz qub ab cuk n Aksk÷o `bNakstn`, qub brn èo`b sb jngán bi tbntre `b tátbrbs, èo`b bstndn bstncnakikn Gnrtbr y bstndn Anok Gubogn tnadkëo, y ab ngubrè qub biies




>3:

hrndnreo uon ckggk÷o notbs `bi :8, y Anok Gubogn tnadkëo jndán jbgje etrnckggk÷o... Jndán uo Geaktë `b Khibskns, qub oe ab ngubrè, y grbe qub ëijkze nihuons gesns `b ckggk÷o y qub kogiuse prbsbot÷ bo bsb prkabr cbstkvni.Oe ie jkze bspbgáckgnabotb pnrn bi cbstkvni, perqub ie jndán jbgje notbs.

Pboán geae blb nihe qub tboán qub vbr geo ies tátbrbs pbre brno pbrseons yuo tátbrb, pbre brn ckggk÷o.

Tbteae etrn vbz ie `bi cbstkvni. Cub in prkabrn vbz qub ye vk nsá geae uongkbrtn gnotk`n` `b antbrknibs, `b ckggk÷o y oe, pbre `b hbotb pnrnhunyn yqub sbn uo aevkakbote `b hbotb qub qubrán vbr gesns pnrnhunyns, qubtbohno ëxkte, qub sb jnyn hbobrnè uon gesn auy kogrbádib perqub abngubrè qub kogiuse n teès ies qub pnrtkgkpîdnaes iubhe oes kovktndno nies prehrnans `b tbibvksk÷o. Bi Gnoni >7 trnosaktk÷, per blbapie, "Vrbses",qub cub bi gerte qub ye prbsbotë, y teè bse ab jngán oe botbo`br auydkbo ie qub bstndn pnsnoè, brn geae qub auy aîhkge y auy rîpkè teè.Ouogn bo ak vk`n ye seþë geo in peskdkik`n` `b qub uo gerte aáe sb pnsbper tbibvksk÷o. [ brn uon gesn geo in qub ok skqukbrn seþndn. Vnrtkgkpë bobsb cbstkvni y `b rbpbotb tb kovktno pnrn anþnon, y iibvndn ak gerte, per ins

ù`ns, y ab bstndno jngkboè in botrbvkstn y `b rbpbotb yn vbán per biaeokter qub bstndno pnsnoè bi gerte, y ie pnsnreo botbre. [ brn uon gesnauy rnrn, auy rîpk`n.

- µWb geoeg áno botrb in hbotb qub pnrtkgk pndn b bses cbstkvnibs5

- [e ib geoegán yn n Anok Gubogn per bi tban `bi tbntre Aksk÷o `bNakstn` y perqub n aá tnadkëo ab hustndno augje ies tátbrbs, per bsbinè ie geoegán jngán augje tkbape y sndán uo pege qub ëi jngán vk`be.Vbre, in vbr`n`, qub n in anyerán `b in hbotb rbgkëo ib geoegá njá. Vbretnapege ab ngubrè `b te`n in hbotb.

Etrn pbiáguin qub ab ngubrè, qub prbsbotnaes njá tnadkëo... bo rbnik`n`,jkgb Vrbses, qub cub ak prkabr gerte qub jkgb geae pnrn qub uo püdikgeko`bpbo`kbotb n aá vbn, ko`bpbo`kbotb `bi Gkobgiud, Vrbses cub jbgje pnrn

bsb cbstkvni. [ gunoè bapbgë n hrndnr bsb gerte geo Dbte Nynin y TuakDehnè, qub brn uon nakhn qub ib hustndn tnadkëo bi tban, ab ngubrèqub Dbte ab jndindn, perqub ëi jngán tbntre, `b uo hrupe qub bstndnjngkboè uo inrheabtrnlb, y ab `bgán qub ëi qubrán pnrtkgkpnr bo ëi, qub brnuon anrnvkiin y qub teè bi auoè ib jndindn `b bsn pbiáguin. Ab `kle qubsb iinandn Tnsau`bi, perqub brno `krbgterbs y uoe `b biies brn uo bsgrkterauy cnaese qub sb iinan Aeogje Nzunhn. [ ie üokge qub ab ngubrè brnbi npbiikè, qub brn uo tkpe Ingnsn, oe së sk bs Anrke Ingnsn, oe abngubrè dkbo, qukëo ib `ke ies bqukpes niugkonotbs, ib `ke trbs gîanrns y uognak÷o `b bxtbrkerbs, jndán uo antbrkni bsgrkte pbre biies tnadkëokovbotndno, kaprevksndno augje y nsá sb cub hbobrnoè Tnsau`bi qub sbpns÷ bo bi cbstkvni.

Grbe qub Gnries Heozîibz Druo tnadkëo pns÷ uo antbrkni, qub bs sedrb bi

gubote Bi dni`áe, `b Ten Dnstes... Cub pnrn aá uo "sjegmkoh" `b vbr gesnsongkeonibs y sedrb teè sbotkr in bcbrvbsgbogkn `b in hbotb. [ n`baîs brnin ëpegn èo`b te`nván bstndn Wtrebssobr y jndáno antbrknibs qub brnoab`ke kzqukbr`kstns, bi vk`be brn tnadkëo geae uon nitbrontkvn, boteogbsbrn geae teè auy anrnvkiiese y auy nitbrontkve...




>3;

- µVnrn bsb nþe yn bstndn tetniabotb geoseik` nè bi vk`be geae

cerante nggbskdi b, e notbs yn sb geoseik `÷5

- Notbs yn bstndn geoseik`nè, grbe qub bo bi :2, :0.

- [n jndáno vk`begiudbs, in hbotb pe`án tbobr...

- Petniabotb. Ses tb kdns n ies gerbnoes y pe`áns geaprnr uon gîanrn yuo gnsbtbre, kanhkontb qub ak pnpî geapr÷ bo bi :0, gunoè tbrakoë bigeibhke, y ëi `bgán qub ouogn kdn n geaprnr uo vk`be perqub oe tboán ingnik`n` `bi gkob, perqub oesetres vbánaes pbiáguins bo >3 aa, y tboánrnz÷o. Vbre vke ak botusknsae y ab geapr÷, y ab ngubrè qub ab kdn n iesgerbnoes y jndáno `kstkotes ae`bies `b gîanrns y bxkstáno ies vk`begiudbs,yn jndán uo aevkakbote geoseik`nè, nuoqub oe brn auy pepuinr ok dnrnte,pbre brn yn nggbskdib.

Grbe qub `b >;:6 n >;;6 bi tban `bi vk`be grbgk÷ `b anobrn... gn`n sbksabsbs vboáno gesns oubvns. [n brn bi deea, sb hrndndno iesngeotbgkakbotes segknibs bo bse y oesetres utkikzîdnaes bsb aksae

cerante pnrn jngbr sus gerteabtrnlbs.

Ron gesktn qub ye oe ab ngubrè bo quë nþe, pbre Nuhuste Hniibhes tboánuon preùgtern geo Bvnojy, y grbe qub biin tboán uo prehrnan bo Gnoni ; yHniibhes sb bapbz÷ n geaprnr gîanrns y brn su preùgter, b jkze tnadkëonihuon ckggk÷o sedrb in jksterkn `b g÷ae sb bogeotr÷ in kanhbo `b in vkrhbo`b Gnngupë.

Ie qub pnsn bs qub sb abzgin augje yn. N pnrtkr `bi :8, :: jny qubskbaprb geosuitnr ins cubotbs pnrn sndbr ins cbgjns perqub sb jkgkbreoaugjns gesns pnrnibins. Geae, per blbapie, Juhe Hnanrrn tnadkëo uonvbz bo trbs `áns hrnd÷ uon edrn qub bstndn bo bi Nribquáo, Ins treynons,boteogbs oe së g÷ae cub qub bi Nribquáo ib prepuse n Juhe ckianr bse y ëickia÷, oe ab ngubrè sk brn uon gîanrn e trbs gîanrns, pbre së qub tnr`÷

geae trbs `áns pnrn ckianr, qub s÷ie grbe qub Lesë Iuks Nr`ksseob sndb,qukbo jkze tnadkëo uon vbrsk÷o `b In aubrtb `b uo vknlnotb, qub cub bo bi:; e nihe nsá, bo vk`be, qub cub bo bxtbrkerbs. Vbre Ins treynons sá cubtbntre hrndnè.

Boteogbs bo bi :8 surhk÷ bstb cbstkvni qub ab ngubrè qub skhuk÷ jnstn bi:: y bi :;, pbre bo bi :: ongk÷ in rbvkstn "Obw anhnzkob", guye `krbgter ygrbnèr brn B`wnr` Dehnè, grbe qub bo bi :8 yn surhk÷ bstn rbvkstn,perqub ab ngubrè qub ab cuk geo Dehnè n in oetn qub cub bo Gnoni >7gunoè sb pns÷ Vrbses. Bsn rbvkstn erhnokz÷ uo cbstkvni bo bi GbotreGuiturni Vnrnhunye Nabrkgnoe, qub cub bi prkabr cbstkvni nsá qub tuveaugjáskan `kcusk÷o, qub cub bo bi Pbntre `b ins Naërkgns, ùrnotb trbs `ánstnadkëo, y èo`b jndán geae uon gesn aîs ni bstkie Jeiiywee`, aîsnpnrntesn, `b qub ves tboáns qub pnrtkgkpnr, iibonr uon ckgjn, tboáns qub

guapikr gkbrtes rbquksktes. Ab ngubrè qub ie `bi ’Luno `b Wninznr‑ brngeae qub aîs gjkqukte, aîs botrb gnsn, y tboán augjn hbotb, bi etre brnaîs cerani y aîs Jeiiywee`, yn tboán nuspkgknotbs, yn brn bi tbntre iiboe...

- µSes pnrtkgkpnstb5

- Wá, geo Bspbles, bo bi ::, y njá cub in prkabrn vbz qub vk uo trndnle `bDbronrè Ksangjevkbz, vk Ak subþe oe tkbob sktke `b ëi, y vk tnadkëo Gnþes




>86

`b Anrkiko Angkbi, y vk tnadkëo vnrkns gesktns. [ pnrn bsb cbstkvni jkgbBspbles, qub rbsgntndn bibabotes `b Vrbses y brn uo antbrkni `b aîs eaboes : akoutes, qub brn geo uo seie ngter y uo pequkte aîs peiátkge, botrbgeakiins. Cub anrnvkiiese, njá sá qub cub uon gesn èo`b npnrbgánaes bo

rbvkstns, sb trnosaktáno ies rbsuitnès `b in prbakngk÷o, bse sá qub cubsüpbr npnrntese. Cub tno npnrntese qub kogiuse bi prkabr `án, notbs `bpnsnr ies gertes ongkeonibs, qub `klbreo qub ins pbiáguins sb kdno n bstrbonrbo Abtre Hei`wko Abybr Vnrnhuny oe së quë, y cub uo heipb tno cubrtbperqub brn tno kogrbádib qub `bspuës oubstre gertkte, pedrbgkte nohî, rbuo`br nsá, b`ktnè n anoe... [ cub uo cbstkvni kapertnotb perqub abngubrè qub bo bi gnse `b Dbronrè, per blbapie, qub in aüskgn `b su ckiaib jkze Iuks Wznrîo, cub tnadkëo in prkabrn vbz qub ye, `b purn gnsunik`n`,usë uo aüskge erkhkoni, bo bi sbotkè `b aüskgn erkhkoni, geo Tboë Nynin. [pnrn aá tnadkëo cub uo tban geae qub auy cubrtb, perqub in vbr`n` qubye bo bsb aeabote jngán sko nsuakr qub botrndn bo geapbtbogkn, tboántnotn noskb`n` `b jngbr y brn tno sko pbosnr...

- µJndán prbakngkeobs bo bsb cbstkvni5

- Bo bi notbrker, bo bi :8, tnadkëo sb kbreo geae gkbrtns abogkeobs...

- µSes hnonstb geae abler `krbgter bo bi :85

- Wá, y oe ab ngubrè qukëo hno÷ per bi abler gerte, pbre së qub Anokqukt÷ uo prbake y ye tnadkëo.

- µûkëobs sb kdno n bses cbstkvnibs5

- Wedrb teè l÷vbobs. [ bo bi :: cub uon gesn kogrbádib, njá teè biauoè... In vbr`n` bs qub brn nihe oubve y qub sb jnhn ckggk÷o ngî brnnihe oubve y tnadkëo cub auy npeynè perqub erhnokz÷ "Obw Anhnzkob",boteogbs B`wnr` tboán augjes geotngtes per ies ab`kes y sb pudikgkt÷augjáskae. [ Bspbles hno÷ grbe qub : prbakes `b ies ègb qub jndán. [ab ngubrè kogiuse qub Ak subþe oe tkbob sktke grbe qub hno÷ guntre

prbakes. [ ab ngubrè `b uo geabotnrke qub jkze Lbsüs Tuáz Obstezn, perbi tban `b qub Bspbles jndán hnonè abler `krbggk÷o, abler huk÷o, ablerngter, abler gerte, pbre oe qukt÷ abler pbiáguin, boteogbs bi geabotnrkebxpikgndn g÷ae in suan `b ies pnrtbs oe `n bi tetni, geae Ak subþe oetkbob sktke jndán hnonè abler pbiáguin. [ ab ngubrè qub tbrakoë uo `án`bspuës `b in cbgjn tepb, perqub tuvb predibans geo bi bqukpe, y ib iinaën ies erhnokznèrbs y ibs `klb qub oe kdn n prbsbotnr y biies ab `klbreo qubab bspbrndno. Boteogbs Dbronrè, gunoè sb botbr÷ qub ye khunipnrtkgkpë, sb boel÷ y ib `kle ni lurnè qub oe brn luste, y sb nra÷ uorbvubie...

- [n brn purn geapbtbog kn...

- Cnotîstkge brn.

- µ[ bsb nþe sb jkze etrn vbz bo bi Luno `b Wninznr5 µ[ pnrt kgk pnstbgeo Bspbles etrn vbz5

- Wá, pbre oe prbsbotë Bspbles perqub ouogn prbsbotndn ès vbgbs inaksan gesn. Bo bi :: yn bapbgë n trndnlnr bo Nitn Vreùggkeobs, borbnik`n` oe sb iinandn te`nván nsá, brn uon preùgtern qub geapr÷ Vntn, inpreùgtern `b Gnries Heozîibz Druo, y ëi ab `ke in peskdkik`n` n aá `b




>8>

b`ktnr nihe bo R-Antkg, y ye vboán trndnlnoè augje tkbape jngkboèpnsnotáns geo @nvk` Vërbz Auokbr, qub brn bi bspese `b Wunon KdnþbzTelns, in qub jngán "Dubons tnr`bs Wusnon" bo Gnoni ;. [ ëi ab bosbþ÷aîs e aboes n aeotnr bi R-Antkg. [ ëi tboán uon preùgtern- qub bo

rbnik`n` brn uon gîanrn y uo gnsbtbre, ëi y bi nskstbotb- y ab `kle qub sktboán uo preybgte, ab kdn n npeynr geo in gîanrn, boteogbs nraë uopreybgte jkpbr nadkgkese y geapikgnè qub sb iina÷ Peès geoegbaes bickoni, bo bi :: pnrn bi cbstkvni `bi ’Luno `b Wninznr‑, qub brn geo AkaeIugje. Brn geapikgnè, jnstn njern ye ab prbhuote g÷ae pu`b jndbrjbgje bse, perqub ye oe tboán geogkbogkn `b qub tboán qub jndbr `kvksk÷o`bi trndnle, on`n, ye jngán in preùggk÷o, nrandn teè, ib iinandn n iesngterbs pnrn qub vbohno y @nvk` ab `ndn geae bspngkes auy ikaktnèspnrn bi use `b in gîanrn, tboán qub sbr süpbr erhnokznè geo bi trndnle. Ab`ndn, per blbapie, ès jerns `b gîanrns, y ab nvksndn uo `án notbs, ytboán qub erhnokznr n te`n in hbotb bo bsns ès jerns y hrndnr ùrnotb bsbtkbape. Pboán qub sbr auy rîpkè teè, auy erhnokznè, y n`baîs brn uonpbiáguin jkpbr geapikgn`n perqub brn pure bsgboehrncán, teè auy nranè,auy bindernè. Vnrn aá cub uon `b aks pberbs bxpbrkbogkns n okvbi `b

rbsuitnè, perqub cub jerrkdib, cub uon gubstk÷o auy pbrseoni geo bsb gertey qukzîs geae qub bspbrndn augje aîs y gunoè vk bi rbsuitnè ckoni ab`ke nsá geae uo dnl÷o. Vbre cub in prkabrn vbz qub trndnlë bo uo cerantekoùstrkni, bo R-Antkg, bo bi ::. [ bi cbstkvni skhuk÷ bo bi :;, e bo bi ;6, pbreoe së sk pnrtkgkpë bo bi :;, y skhuk÷ bo bi ;6 perqub njá ye prbsbotë "Inginsb `b ÷rhnoe".

- Vbre oe geotnstb ie qub pns÷ bo bi ::.

- Bi cbstkvni `bi ’Luno `b Wninznr‑ `bi :: oe brn yn geapbtktkve, oe jndánprbakes, on`n, brn uon aubstrn oeaîs. Grbe qub bi tban surhk÷ n pnrtkr `bqub bo bsb nþe cub ie `b "Obw anhnzkob", qub cub geapbtktkve y yn cubauy cubrtb pnrn teès, boteogbs brn geae qub...

- µ[ bo bi :; skhub bi cbstkvni `bi Luno `b Wninznr5

- Bse oe ab ngubrè iubhe.

- ûkbrb `bgkr qub es nþes oeaîs ùr÷ ie `bi ’ Luno `b Wninznr‑ .

- Prbs nþes. [e ab ngubrè qub cubreo trbs nþes, bo bi :8, bo bi ::, oesë sk sb jkze bo bi :;, e ni aboes oe prbsbotë on`n, y bo bi ;6 prbsbotë "Inginsb `b ÷rhnoe". Gnpnz qub jude bo bi :; y ye oe prbsbotë on`n. [`bspuës oe ab ngubrè aîs `b bsb cbstkvni. Grbe qub jude etre cbstkvni `b"Obw Anhnzkob" pbre yn augje `bspuës, pbre oe geae bi etre.

Cub uon ëpegn anrnvkiiesn perqub brn geae qub teè bsb aevkakbote, npnrtkr `b ies cbstkvnibs y n pnrtkr `b qub in hbotb tboán `÷o`b pnsnr susantbrknibs, teè ie qub sb hbobrndn n pnrtkr, qub ye grbe qub bs ie qubhbobrno njern ies cbstkvnibs bstu`knotkibs geae "Hëobsks", qub jngb qub

ies pbo`bles sbpno qub bi nþe qub vkbob jndrî uo cbstkvni y jngbo nihepnrn bsb cbstkvni perqub sndbo qub sus antbrknibs sb vno n pnsnr bo ëi yvno n jndbr prbakes. Peè ie qub bsb hbobrn.

- µVer quë ies :6 cubreo kapertnotbs5

- Verqub surhb bi vk`be per prkabrn vbz, brn nihe oubve, brn nihe oubveckggkeonr nihe, per bse ib jkgkbreo n Lunogn uon oetn bo bi :8 per Vrbses,




>84

perqub brn nihe qub ouogn sb vke, qub tboán gnik`n`, per aîs qub bstndnjbgje bo SJW, bi cerante yn oe kapertndn, pbre jndán tnotn obgbsk`n` `bvbrsb rbciblnè, `b vbr gesns oubstrns ckggkeon`ns, boteogbs cub te`n uonabzgin `b bibabotes qub jkgkbreo `b qub per bse ies :6 sbno uo deea y

uo rbcbrbotb. Verqub njern, per blbapie, ves vbs "Hëobsks" y sb trnosaktbper Gnoni >7 pbre oe bs ie aksae. [ bs kogrbádib geae in gnik`n` `b iestrndnles tnapege bs ie aksae. Weo auy dîskges, oe seo auy duboes.Bvk`botbabotb ies :6, per teè bi geotbxte, bi tban, per teè bsnobgbsk`n`, per sbr nihe oubve, teè bse sb abzgi÷ b jkze qub grbzgn yjnyn uo deea, y `bspuës...

Grbe qub tnadkëo -oe së per quë- in tbaîtkgn brn `kstkotn. Brn geae augjeaîs bxpbrkabotni, y oe tb sndrán `bgkr per quë bo bsn ëpegn brn tno nsá bivk`be, e bi ibohunlb. Njern geae bs aîs geovbogkeoni... Pb `khe perqubgeo Pnon cukaes lurnès bo vnrkes cbstkvnibs y bi :6 per gkbote `b ies ckiabshkrno bo teroe n ins `rehns, bs ckggk÷o, pbre bs bsb nakhe qub sb `rehn yqub sb aubrb, tu anaî qub sb aurk÷ y teè bs nsá y hkrn bo teroe n uogeotbxte aîs gbrgnoe, aîs `rnaîtkge y aîs qub tkbob qub vbr geo in

predibaîtkgn luvboki e bi bxkstbogkniksae, pbre oe `botre `bi ibohunlbbxpbrkabotni y `botre `b uo ibohunlb aîs gerrkbotb. Oe së per quë. Pbpubè aestrnr kogiuse antbrkni `bi :8 y tb vns n `nr gubotn `b qub brntetniabotb kstkote.

ANTKIKO ANGKBI

Botrbvkstn rbnikzn`n per @kbhe Jbroîo Drea Nttkns bo Nsuogk÷o, bi > `b luike `b 4666.

- Rstb` ngtu÷ bo ins prkabrns tbiboevbins bo oubstre pnás. µGuîoè

bapbznreo, brno bo vk`be5

- Bapbznaes bo bi 8;, jkgkaes in prkabrn tbiboevbin bo bi Gnoni ;, gunoète`nván brn bo dinoge y obhre. Cub Anh`nibon `b in gniib.

- µBsn tbiboevbin brn bo : aa5

- Oe. Brn yn bo vk`be, pbre bo dinoge y obhre.

- µûkëo in `krkhk÷, qukëobs pnrtkgkpnreo5

- Bo in `krbggk÷o bstndn Wkivke Anrtáobz, qub bstndn bo bi gnoni. Oesetresjkgkaes uon gepreùggk÷o< tboánaes preùgtern geo bi gnoni, y oesetrespe`ánaes uon pnrtb, pbre cub teè pnrnhunye, ngterbs, ikdrbte `b TehbikeWkivbre, in prbpnrngk÷o ngterni brn `b Tu`k Perhn, bo in preùggk÷obstîdnaes ak jbranon, ye y etrn hbotb aîs. Brno teès ies nrtkstns qubtboánaes bo bsb aeabote y ies ablerbs, bstndn Hrngkbin Vnster, Wnrn

Hkaëobz, brn uon ikstn `b hbotb, teès pnrnhunyes. [ ie jkgkaes bogepreùggk÷o geo gnoni ;... [ ib hust÷ augjáskae n in hbotb... Ckiaîdnaesniiî per ies dnles, perqub biin brn `b in Gjngnrktn. Wnik÷ cnotîstkge.

- µGuîote ùr÷5

- Pboán 42 gnpátuies. Brn uon vbz n in sbanon.




>87

- µIes bqukpes `b vk`be geo ies qub ckianreo, brn ies prkabres5

- Wá, brno ies prkabres, tboánaes bqukpes duboáskaes, ies aîs oubves.

- µ[n sb jndán `blnè bi : aa5

- Bi : aa yn sb jndán `blnè `b inè perqub bo bsb boteogbs.

- µGuîi cub in rbspubstn `b in hbotb gunoè sb bapbz÷ n `nr in

tbiboevbin5

- Ib bognot÷ perqub brn vbrsb n uoe aksae.

- µGuîi brn in trnan5

- Anh`nibon brn uon gjkgn qub vkván bo ies dnles geo Wnrn Hkaëobz, bouon bspbgkb `b prestktugk÷o. Vbre `bspuës cub geae rbsgntn`n `bi oevke y`bspuës sb gnsn, kogiuse botrn bo bi Dubo Vnster perqub ib jkgkbreo uonantuckn, pbre oe perqub biin ie jkze, pbre `bspuës ni ckoni snib etrn vbz,perqub yn sb geapred÷ qub oe cub biin. @bspuës jndán etrn jksterkn

abzgin`n bo bstn qub brn in `b in cnakikn qub bstndn dkbo y Wnrn Hkaëobztrndnlndn bo bsn gnsn y njá bs èo`b ye botrndn. [ `bspuës vey ni DuboVnster pbre pnrn nyu`nr n in Anh`nibon, vbr uo pege... Duboe, cub uontrnan auy iko`n, auy juanon y auy rbni y auy oubstrn. [ ib hust÷ augjen in hbotb perqub sb vbáno rbciblnès, y biies qubráno qub sb geotkoüb, yvbrsb aîs. Boteogbs `bspuës pns÷ bse b jkgkaes etrns tbiboevbins, y ynsnián bi Gnoni >7.

- µVbre per quë oe geotkou ÷ in tbiboevbin5

- Verqub... oe së... perqub ies `b in baprbsn oe ib `kbreo kapertnogkn. [jnstn jey ib `no augjn deikiin n in preùggk÷o ongkeoni.

- @bspuës j kgkbreo etrn tbiboevbin...

- Boteogbs sb konuhur÷ bi Gnoni >7 y njá yn brn bo geierbs, bo bi :>. Bo bi:6 jkgkaes in prbpreùggk÷o `b Ak qubrkè ègter perqub cub botrb`kgkbadrb, bobre y cbdrbre. Bapbznaes bo bi :6 y tbrakonaes bo bi :>.Boteogbs bse cub bspbgtnguinr tnadkëo perqub vkoe, ib kovktnaes n NronièNo`rë, ëi vkoe geo augje huste. Ies bqukpes y bsns gesns yn brno`kcbrbotbs, brno aîs oubves bo ies gnonibs, boteogbs vkoe Wbrhke Crnhn `bin Tb` E Hiede, pnrn `krkhkr, y in preùggk÷o skbaprb cub in oubstrn. [ ynbrn bo vk`be bo geierbs. Cub uon tbiboevbin qub ùr÷ 46 gnpátuies, bjkgkaes gnsk te`n in pnrtb bo Nroniè prkabre perqub ëi sb tboán qub kr, y`bspuës jkgkaes ins baîs teans, tbrakonaes.

- Rstb` pnrtkgkp÷ `b ies cbstkvnibs `b vk`be qub sb jngáno ngî5

- Wá, bo bi prkabr cbstkvni `b vk`be `bi ’Luno `b Wninznr‑ pnrtkgkpë, y ak gerteGnþes tuve ëxkte bo in pnrtb `b huk÷o y in `krbggk÷o ngterni, qub jkgb ye.

Verqub cub auy ikoè bi huk÷o< geotndn in jksterkn `b ès prbses qub jngbrnte qubráno botrnr n uo iuhnr n rednr nihe, y boteogbs biies jndáno snikèrbgkëo `b in gîrgbi y yn bstndno trnanoè `b oubve pnrn rednr. Boteogbsbotrnreo bo uo gnþe hrno`b y biies sndáno per `÷o`b pe`áno botrnr, y sbkdno ies ès. [ bse cub auy skapîtkge perqub cub teè bo hunrnoá, intrnùggk÷o sb jkze bo in pnrtb `b ndnle. Brno Tna÷o `bi Táe y Dins Nignrnzies ès prbses. [ `bspuës sb bogeotrnreo geo uon n`vbrtbogkn, uon aulbr




>80

niiá qub brn geae in n`vbrtbogkn `b in aubrtb, in bogeotrnreo bo ies gnþes.[ pnsndno ies rnteobs y teè bse. [ `bspuës biies skhukbreo khuni y oe ibjkgkbreo gnse ni cnotnsan qub bogeotrnreo njá, y `bspuës bapbz÷ n treonry per bsn aksan nignotnrkiin bapbz÷ n botrnr bi nhun, y sb cub iibonoè,

iibonoè y sb njehnreo. [ bspuës ies gubrpes npnrbgkbreo ncubrn.- µBsb gerte cub jbgje bo vk`be5

- Wá.

- µVnrn bsb tkbape bi vk`be yn bstndn kostninè5

- Wá, yn sb jngáno gesns, yn jndán bqukpes pnrn vbo`br, gnres, auy pegestboáno, ye prbstë ies bqukpes pnrn jngbrie.

- µûë epkok÷o ib abrbgbo ies rbnikznèrbs `b njern5

- Ab pnrbgb qub jude `bsnrreiie, kogiuse jny augjes l÷vbobs qub jngboduboáskans gesns. Ie qub sb obgbsktn bs qub oes `bo aîs deikiin, qub oesnyu`bo aîs.

- µGrbb qub bi trndnle `b ies rbnikznèrbs `b ies :6 kociuy÷ bo bi

trndnle `b ies rbnikznèrbs `b njern5

- Oe së, grbe qub sá, perqub sb jkgkbreo vnrkes cbstkvnibs, y njá yn sb vnokogbotkvnoè ies augjngjes, y njern geotkoün perqub jny vnrkes cbstkvnibs`b l÷vbobs. Njern tbobaes èo`b bstu`knr y teè, pbre notbs oe tboánaeson`n `b on`n, jngánaes perqub qubránaes jngbr. [ njern sá yn jnynihuoes iuhnrbs èo`b sb vn kogbotkvnoè y bosbþnoè.

BOPTBSKWPN NI VN@TB LBWÜW AEOPBTE PKTN@E

Botrbvkstn rbnikzn`n per @kbhe Jbroîo Drea Nttkns bo Nsuogk÷o, bi 4; `b

luoke `b 4666.

- µGuîibs seo ies rbgubrès qub tkbob `bi Gkob Giud, g÷ae sb cera÷

nquá bo bi Vnrnhuny5

- Wb cera÷ vkoguinè n in Erhnokzngk÷o Gnt÷ikgn Kotbrongkeoni `b Gkob(EGKG), `b in guni brn akbadre notbs `b vbokr ngî, bo Bspnþn, y gunoèvkob ngî ab oeadrnreo `bibhnè `b EGKG pnrn Vnrnhuny, b kogiuse bstuvbgeae sbgrbtnrke `bi prkabr geohrbse auo`kni, bo Táe `b Lnobkre...

- µBo quë nþe cub bse5

- Cub bo bi '82, gunoè rbgkëo jndán iibhnè ni Vnrnhuny. [e iibhuë bocbdrbre y bste cub bo anye. [, duboe, ye geinderë augje bo bstb gnape boBspnþn, y ni iibhnr ngî vk in `bckgkbogkn qub jndán bo bstb gnape, yerhnokznaes bo bi Geibhke Grkste Tby bi Kostktute `b Gkob pnrn Okþes, qubbrn bi Gkob Giud, qub tboán ies sîdnès per in tnr`b gkob `bdntb pnrnnùites. Bi trndnle cuo`nabotni cub bi trndnle pnrn ies okþes. Brn auyhrntkckgnotb, bs auy hrntkckgnotb trndnlnr bo bstb puote geo ies okþes. Bo bsnëpegn bi auoè `b in kanhbo ngî oe bstndn tno `bsnrreiinè. Jey ies okþestkbobo nggbse n in kanhbo bo ceran augje aîs pepuinrkzn`n, perqub intbibvksk÷o bstî iibhnoè n augjes aîs jehnrbs qub ies qub per boteogbs




>82

iibhndn. Boteogbs bxkstán seinabotb Gnoni ; bo dinoge y obhre, pnrn pegesjehnrbs. Njern sb bxtbo`k÷, geae bs sndkè per teès. Bi edlbtkve `bi GkobGiud brn kotreùgkr ni okþe bo ies ibohunlbs `b in kanhbo, geo uongnpngktngk÷o grátkgn y grbntkvn, `b tni anobrn qub biies oe s÷ie supkbrno ibbr

in kanhbo, kotbrprbtnr, pe`br `bsgkcrnr bo bses g÷`khes qub geapeobo iesnu`kevksuni, èo`b in kanhbo supeob uo sustrnte cuo`nabotni, skoe qubbiies cubrno gnpngbs `b iibhnr n bsb sbotkè grátkge prbgksnabotb perqubbrno gnpngbs `b preùgkr. [ bo bsn `krbggk÷o sb ibs bosbþndn n biies npnrtkgkpnr ngtkvnabotb preùgkboè y jngkboè pbiáguins. Bi pregbse iibvndncuo`nabotniabotb trbs nþes. Bo bi prkabre sb anoblndn in kanhbo ckln bkanhbo pkotn`n. Wb bapbzndn per kaîhbobs bo pnpbi hrno`b, auy hrno`by sb tbrakondn bo 72 aa pnrn edikhnr ni okþe n `kstkohukr ie qub bsprbgksnabotb bi angre n ie akgre y edikhnrib n in pbrgbpgk÷o `b iesbibabotes bsbogknibs `b uon geauokgngk÷o kg÷okgn. Wkauitîobnabotb sbiibvn bi pregbse `b trndnlnr pbrseoni b ko`kvkùniabotb n trndnlnrhrupniabotb, `b anobrn qub in preùggk÷o tbrakonrn skboè `b hrupes. [pnsnr `b in kanhbo ckln n in kanhbo onrrn`n, bs `bgkr, n in onrrngk÷o perkanhbo, jngkboè sbgubogkns `b kaîhbobs. Boteogbs tbrakondno bi gurse

`bi prkabr nþe onrrnoè uo gubote `b su prepkn grbngk÷o, teès geo `kdulesjbgjes bo kaîhbobs bqukvnibotbs n ins `knpesktkvns `b 72 aa pbrepkotn`ns. [ preybgtndibs `b anobrn qub pe`ánaes vbr bo pnotniin ie qubbiies jndáno grbnè. Bo bi sbhuoè nþe sb trndnlndn in cetehrncán y biiestbrakondno jngkboè uo rbpertnlb `b preybggk÷o segkni y `b `bsgudrkakbote`b in rbnik`n` geo ies eles `b in gîanrn. In gîanrn vb `b `kstkotn anobrnqub bi ele juanoe, tkbob uons petbogknik`n`bs qub borkqubgbo in vksk÷ojuanon. [ biies kdno gnptnoè bse. Wb ibs bosbþndn n cetehrncán y sutrndnle tbrakondn skboè preùgkè bo `knpesktkvns `b trnospnrbogknstnadkëo bo ceran onrrntkvn. Biies tboáno qub hbobrnr uo rbpertnlb, yn oe brnckggk÷o geae bi nþe notbrker, èo`b geotndno nihe `b ie qub vbáno geo suprepkn anobrn `b vbr. B kotbrprbtndno y grktkgndno, prbsbotndno su vksk÷o,su noîiksks. [ bo bi tbrgbr nþe botrîdnaes bo ckiangk÷o, qub boteogbs brnbo süpbr : perqub brn n ie üokge qub tboánaes per rnzeobs bgeo÷akgns, yper etrn pnrtb tboán pb`nh÷hkgnabotb uo vnier auy kapertnotb. Bi : aa bsauy pbqubþe y bi trndnlnr, kogiuse aetrkzabotb geo bi aeotnlb süpbr :, ibedikhn ni okþe n uo pregbse bùgntkve `b sus jndkik`n`bs geo uon rkqubznbxtrner`konrkn. [ boteogbs biies jngáno huk÷o geapnrtkè bo hrupes,edvknabotb, y rbnikzndno uon pbiáguin `bi prepke huk÷o qub biies jndánobindernè. Bs `bgkr, sb ibs iibvndn `bs`b in kanhbo ckln, sein, n in kanhbo`b onrrngk÷o, bo ckiangk÷o, `b süpbr :.

- µ@b `÷o`b trnáno ies bqukpes5

- Duboe, ies geosbhuánaes per rnzeobs `b nakstn` y `baîs perqubtboánaes pege kobre...

- Brno prbstnès...

- [ geaprnès `b Bspnþn...

- Ib prbhuote perqub sbhure cubreo ies prkabres.

- Wá, nquá oe jndán antbrkni, brn `kcágki. Pnadkëo trnlkaes ins gîanrnscetehrîckgns `b Bspnþn, geosbhuá prbgke `b augje cnver, y nakhes qub abrbhninreo.




>83

- Bo gunote n in pnrtkgkpngk÷o `b ies okþes, sbhüo ies kocerabs sb

`bstngndn augje in `bsbrgk÷ o `b pnrtkgkpnotbs `b ies gurse s.

- Wá. Bi hrupe oe brn pbqubþe, ie qub pnsn bs qub bapbzndno gkbote y pkge

y tbrakoîdnaes n ie abler geo trbkotn y tnotes. In `bsbrgk÷o brn nitn pnrnsbr bo trbs nþes. Vbre bs bxpikgndib perqub bstb trndnle tkbob su dbiibznpnrn bi okþe, su ntrnggk÷o, pbre bvk`botbabotb bs auy `ksgkpikonè, tkbobsu rkher, y bxkhb qub bi okþe jnhn bscubrzes n ies qub oe bstî tnongestuadrnè. [, n`baîs, in geapbtbogkn rbniabotb certáskan `bi `bpertb,`b`kgnr bi sîdnè per in anþnon e per in tnr`b n bste, rbouogknoè ni`bpertb, bs auy cubrtb pnrn ies okþes, sedrb teè bo uo pregbse inrhe `btrbs nþes.

- µGuîibs grbb qub seo ies crutes qub tuve bi Gkob Giud `b ies nþes

865

- Bvk`botbabotb jude gnses bxtrner`konrkes geae bi `b Luno Gnries. Bohbobrni teès ies qub pnrtkgkpnreo bo bste, qub njern yn bstîo bo `kstkotes

trndnles, teès jno kè rbgeoegkboè `bspuës, kogiuse gunoè iesbogubotre per in gniib, qub cub anrgnotb pnrn su vk`n bi bosbþnribs n vbr, nkotbrprbtnr y n bxprbsnrsb geo bi ibohunlb `b in kanhbo. Ibs `ke augjnnuteoeaán, pbrseonik`n`, sbotkè grátkge, uon vksk÷o aîs precuo`n `b inrbnik`n`, sb ngestuadrno n vbr `b etrn anobrn, ybse bvk`botbabotb ibsjngb auy dkbo. Boteogbs ies crutes jno skè augjns pbrseons geogrbtns, ygktnaes n Luno Gnries perqub sb jn `bstngnè y sb jn `b`kgnè n bste.Etres oe, etres bstîo bo etrns precbskeobs pbre së `b precbskeonibs `bab`kgkon, per blbapie, n ies gunibs ibs jn skè auy kapertnotb teè bste.

- Puve boteogbs bi Gkob Giud uon hrno kociubogkn bo ies rbnikznèrbs

qub bo ies ':6 sb `bsnrreiinreo...

- Wá, b kogiuse sb oetndn in `kcbrbogkn bo ins nuins `b ies gjkges qub jndánobstnè trndnlnoè bo bste, qub nskstáno ni Gkob Giud, `b ies etres, per suanyer grbntkvk`n`, `bsnrreiie `b in kanhkongk÷o, y sedrb teè bibotrbonakbote qub supeoán pe`br bxprbsnrsb `b `kstkotns anobrns, perqubjndán bxprbsk÷o vbrdni, `b kanhbo, geo seokè, bs `bgkr, anoblndno`kstkotes tkpes `b ibohunlbs y bste ibs `ndn uon geapbtbogkn augje aîsrkgn pnrn in geauokgngk÷o qub bi nuin trn`kgkeoni.

- Rstb` ouogn sb `bsvkogu i÷ `bi vk`be, `bi gkob...

- Oe, ye skhe trndnlnoè, oe ni aksae rktae qub boteogbs, perqub inrbspeosndkik`n` qub tbohe njern, ies trndnles qub ab jno kè bognrhnoè,ab edikhnreo n `b`kgnr aîs tkbape, bo bstb gnse geogrbte, ni GeosbleOngkeoni `b Bùgngk÷o, n in Tbceran Bùgntkvn, peiátkgns bùgntkvns, n inpb`nhehán aîs bxtbo`k`n, oe s÷ie in pb`nhehán bo teroe n ies ibohunlbs `bin kanhbo, ie nu`kevksuni. Vbre bvk`botbabotb oe bstey niblnè, b kogiuse

jb precuo`kznè aîs perqub jb bstnè yboè geae precbser, gn`n èsnþes, n in Rokvbrsk`n` Hrbherknon `b Tean, n `nr gurses sedrb ibgturngrátkgn y tberán `b in kanhbo, qub jn skè pnrn aá uo `bsncáe auykapertnotb. Brn in prkabrn vbz qub sb jndrán bstn antbrkn bo in uokvbrsk`n`hrbherknon y bs rbintkvnabotb erkhkoni perqub oe jny gîtb`rn `b bste boaugjns uokvbrsk`n`bs, y brn kotbr`ksgkpikonr perqub skrvb n `kstkotnscnguitn`bs yn qub bi tban `b in kanhbo sb anobln bo `kstkotns cnguitn`bs. [bse bo uo geotbxte èo`b bi niuaonè brn kotbrongkeoni, ye tboán niuaoes




>88

`b vbkotk tnotes pnásbs, ncrkgnoes, nskîtkges, burepbes, nabrkgnoes,intkoenabrkgnoes, bse brn auy borkqubgbèr y ab iibv÷ n precuo`kznrnspbgtes qub supbrndno i÷hkgnabotb bi trndnle b gkbogkns bi gkob.

- µG÷ae ustb` vb n ies rbnikznèrbs pnrnhunyes `b vk`be `b jey5- Ies vbe geo augje botusknsae, n biies y n aá ab botusknsan vbribs nsá.Grbe qub `nè bi geotbxte bo bi qub oes `bsboveivbaes, auy bapedrbgkèbo tërakoes hbobrnibs, èo`b teè bi auoè nu`kevksuni, per pnrtb `b iesngterbs grbntkves, `b ies preùgterbs, bs auy rbùgkè, per rnzeobs edvkns,oe jny abrgnès, oe jny rbgurses, btg., duboe, bstns seo preabsns auykapertnotbs, y `b jbgje grbe qub sus npertbs bstîo skboè auyskhokckgntkves.

- µGrbb qub ies npertbs qub `blnreo ies rbnikznèrbs `b ies ':6

kociuybo bo ies trndnles `b ies `b jey5

- Bo nihuoes gnses bs bvk`botb, bo etres oe sndrán `bgkr perqub oe geoezgesu cerangk÷o `bs`b pbqubþes.

- Boteogbs bi Gkob Giud skhub `noè sus crute s jnstn jey.

- Grbe qub sá, qub jn jbgje su trndnle. Kotbrruapkaes bi Gkob Giud perqubiehrnaes abtbr `botre `bi gurráguie oerani in cerangk÷o bo geauokgngk÷osegkni, prkabre bo tniibrbs y njern botrn kogiuse geae nskhonturn, bo bitbrgbr gkgie. [ boteogbs bs geae qub tboán aboes vkhbogkn. [ njernveivbaes n rbpinotbnroes perqub bi bspbgtre `b peskdkik`n`bs `b trndnlensá augje anyer y bi trndnle geo bi gurráguie bo bi pregbse oerani `b insbsgubins oe `n suckgkbotb pnrn ie augjáskae b kotbrbsnotáskae qub sbpub`n jngbr. Bo bsb sbotkè, bstnaes rboevnoè in rbgrbngk÷o `bi pino@BOK, pino `b okþes geo in EGKG. Jb tbokè geovbrsngkeobs geo biprbsk`botb `b in EGKG pnrn Naërkgn Intkon, Teinoè Gniib, yn jbaesgeovbokè, yn Anhhk Nynin sb vn n jngbr gnrhe `b in `bibhngk÷o `b inEGKG bo Vnrnhuny, bstnaes erhnokznoè teè bse, y vnaes n rbstnurnr bipino @BOK geo etres edlbtkves augje aîs borkqubgbèrbs.

LEWË IRKW @B PEOB


- µGuîibs seo ies notbgb`botbs `bi vk`be bo oubstre pnás5

- Cuo`nabotniabotb bi geste. Vnrnhuny tkbob uon koùstrkn oe auygeoegk`n bo gunote n gkob. @bs`b in nsuogk÷o ni hedkbroe `b Wtrebssobr, bi0 `b anye `b >;20, ëi geotrntn n rbnikznèrbs nrhbotkoes pnrn qub sb jnhnie sb iina÷ bi oetkgkese ongkeoni, uo kocerantkve qub kokgkniabotb brnsbanoni y iubhe cub qukogboni y yn bo su üitkan btnpn, n ckobs `b ies 86,

brn trkabstrni e nihe nsá. [ brn uo oetkgknrke qub sb trnosaktán bo teès iesgkobs y su ceran `b ckonogknakbote brn auy skapib< per gn`n pbrseon qubpnhndn uon botrn`n `b gkob, uo pergbotnlb `b bse brn pnrn bi oetkgkeseongkeoni. Wk ins botrn`ns `b gkob gestndno gkbo hunrnoábs, :6 brno pnrnpbiáguins, >6 pnrn kapubstes, 2 pnrn bstn gesn y trbs hunrnoábs brno pnrn bioetkgkese ongkeoni. Boteogbs bo ies nþes 36, geo bi n`vbokakbote `bi vk`be,bi cerante `b vk`be...




>8:

- µBo ies 365

- Wá, n ckobs `b ies 36... Oe, pbr`÷o, ckobs `b ies 86. N ab`knès `b ies 86geakbozn n jndbr cerante `b vk`be. Nuoqub tbohe botbo`kè qub bo inRGN tnadkëo notbs Iierbotb, luote n uo bqukpe èo`b bstndn Peoy

Gnraeon, tnadkëo jude uo bqukpe qub iibh÷ n usnr gîanrns `b vk`be pnrnckiangkeobs `b rktes ngjb hunynmk. B kogiuse pnrn kapibabotnr ie koab`knte`b pe`br vbr `botre `b in aksan geauok`n` ie qub sb ckiandn, biiesjkgkbreo vnrkes trndnles bo vk`be. Bsb antbrkni grbe qub kogiuse bxkstb, pbretkbobo bo in RGN perqub cub rbquksnè bo su aeabote gunoè bi preybgteAnrno`ü cub rbprkakè, qub grbe qub cub n prkogkpkes `b ies 86... bo bi 80,82, aîs e aboes.

Iubhe yn geo in kogerperngk÷o `bi vk`be bo ies oetkgkbres tbibvkskves,cuo`nabotniabotb bo Gnoni ;, qub sb jngán bo >3 aa y iubhe sb pnsn nvk`be, boteogbs tkbob aîs nuhb. [ bo ies :6 geo Dbolnaáo Cbroîo`bzDehnè skboè `krbgter `b oetkgkbre, Tny Nrabib y Anok Gubogn y etrnhbotb ckiano uo èguabotni qub sb iina÷ Bxpbrkabote pskgei÷hkge, qub sbprbsbotn bo uo geogurse bo Gerbn, y hnono bi prkabr prbake qub brn `b

`kbz aki `÷inrbs y bse anrgn nsá uo jkte, uo gkbrte nuhb tnadkëo pnrn bivk`be. Vbre bo bses nþes sb jngán tnadkëo augje gkob, sb usndn augje bicerante Wüpbr : e >3 aa. [ ùrnotb teè bi hedkbroe `b Wtrebssobr, jnstnbi :;, sb jkze uo gkob `b prepnhno`n, `b bxpertngk÷o `b in `kgtnùrn, tnoteèguabotni geae nrhuabotniabotb iubhe sb jkze Gbrre Gerî y Mnpnohn.

Bo vk`be bo ies nþes :6 surhb tnadkëo uon hbobrngk÷o aîs levbo, geae bsbi gnse `b Luno Gnries Anobhikn, qub usno bi SJW y jngbo trndnles aîsbxpbrkabotnibs. Pnadkëo bo ies :6 geakbozn APS, qub hbobrn uonkociubogkn auy hrno`b jngkn ie qub seo ies vk`bes auskgnibs y bse tnadkëoiibhn n Vnrnhuny y tkbob -bo ceran uo`brhreuo` aîs qub on`n- hbotb qubtrndnln bo bsb tban.

- µVer quë bibhkstb gkob y oe vk`be pnrn tu kovbstkhngk÷o5

- [ perqub prbcbrá ikaktnrab ni cerante `b gbiuiek`b, oe ni bibgtr÷okge.Pnadkëo Juhe Hnanrrn jngb uo gubote `b Esvniè Heozîibz Tbni, qubckian bo in pinzn Rruhunyn utkikznoè ies bqukpes `b Gnoni >7 `b uonpuihn`n, pbre bi rbsuitnè cub nsá tëgokgnabotb auy n`bgunè, perqubgeae oe geoegáno bi anoble `bi bqukpe, Anrgbikon tbohe botbo`kè qub brnbi gubote, b kotbotnreo biies tnadkëo `kcuo`krie n okvbi kotbrongkeoni pbretboáno augjes predibans bo bi trngmkoh, per sedrb teè jndán aeabotesbo ies qub oe iehrndno bstndkik`n` bo in kanhbo y tuvkbreo augjespredibans tëgokges.

- Jkgkstb vk`be...

- [e bstu`kë tbibvksk÷o y gkob `bi :2 ni :3. Bo Bstnès Rokès jkgb nihuonsgesns bo vk`be y bo tnadkëo bo cerante gkob, pbre on`n `b ie qub ab

pub`n sbotkr erhuiiese...- µVnrtkgk pnstb `b cbstkvnibs5

- Oe. Jndán ies cbstkvnibs qub jngán in rbvkstn Sk`be Obw Anhnzkob...

- µûë rbger`îs `b bsb cbstkvni5




>8;

- [e oe ab cuk grbe qub n okohuoe `b bses cbstkvnibs. Oe nskstá n bses. Grbequb gunoè sb jkze bi prkabre ye oe bstndn ngî, y `bspuës n ies nþesskhukbotbs oe nskstá n ins b`kgkeobs `b ies cbstkvnibs `b vk`be. Vbre per iequb ibá jny antbrknibs kotbrbsnotbs.

- µBo in ngtunik`n` pnrtkgkpnstb `b nihüo cbstkvni5

- Bi nþe pnsnè jkgb uo èguabotni sedrb Brkmn Akibb, geo Anok Gubogn,bo jeabonlb n Brkmn, pbre tnapege oe bs on`n kapertnotb bo gunote n ievksuni, bs aîs uon gubstk÷o `b rbsgntb èguabotni qub bs bi îrbn qub abkotbrbsn.

- µGeoegës bi trndnle `b ies ü itkaes rbnikznèrbs, geae pbrke`k stn5 µ[

grbës qub jny uon kociubogkn `b in hbobrngk÷o `b ies :6 bo bstn

hbobrngk÷o5

- [e bstuvb gunoè sb jkze bi geogurse bstb qub bi prbake sb botrbh÷ bo biVningke `b Hedkbroe, grbe qub cub jngb trbs nþes, y ab pnrbgk÷ inabotndibbi okvbi. E sbn, per blbapie Anrgbie Antkobssk tkbob uo bstkie y uon tbaîtkgnqub ab pnrbgb qub bs auy kotbrbsnotb, pbre bo hbobrni grbe qub jnyaugjn pedrbzn bo ie qub sb bstî preùgkboè. Gnses auy nrtbsnonibs eauy pege grbntkves. Npnrtb, sk dkbo jny ab`kes e jny bstu`kes èo`b sbpub`b trndnlnr, oe jny uo kogbotkve y bs auy gnre bi cerante gkob y vk`be yboteogbs oe jny nyu`ns, oe jny kogbotkves, ies prepkes gnonibs oe sbbsabrno augje, tnapege bo kogbotkvnr bstb tkpe `b bxprbskeobs... y oetkbobo uon snik`n auy hrno`b. Bs obgbsnrke geotnr geo uon ibhksingk÷o qubnyu`b ni grbgkakbote `bi nu`kevksuni bo bi Vnrnhuny.




>:6

KK. IN GKOBANPEHTNCKN VNTNHRN[N VET CBGJNW.

Wb kogiuyb uon ikstn `b pbiáguins `b ckggk÷o `b preùggk÷o ongkeoni,gepreùggk÷o geo etres pnásbs e dkbo qub bo sus grë`ktes e nrhuabotesbxkstno geapeobotbs qub hunr`bo nihuon rbingk÷o geo bi Vnrnhuny.

->;77 In gnapnþn `bi Gjnge (Deikvkn). @b Luno Vbþnrno`nAkgjáo. Ckiab sedrb in Hubrrn `bi Gjnge. Inrheabtrnlb.Auè.

->;77/72 Kockbroe vbr`b e In Hubrrn `bi Gjnge (Deikvkn). @bIuks Dnzedbrry. Auè.

->;77/73 Nibr tn (Deikvkn). `b Anrke Gnangje. Ckiab kogeogiusesedrb in Hubrrn `bi Gjnge. Auè.

->;72 Nins sedrb bi Gjnge (BB.RR.). @b Gjrksty Gndnoob.Ckiab sedrb in Hubrrn `bi Gjnge preùgk`n per bi sbiieVnrnaeuot. Bo Bspnþei. 72aa.

->;78 Vnrnhuny, tkbrrn `b preaksk÷o (Nrhbotkon). @krkhk`nper Lnabs Dnwbr. Huk÷o< Tbadbrte Hkaëobz. Geo uongter `b rn`ketbntres npbiik`nè Creakhubt y AnrulnVngjbge Jubrhe.

->;7; Vrkskeobres `b in tkbrrn (Nrhbotkon). @b Anrke Wecckgk.Ckiab re`nè supubstnabotb bo ies ybrdnibs `bBognrongk÷o qub geotkbob rbcbrbogkns sedrb biVnrnhuny. Huk÷o< Riksbs Vbtkt `b Aurnt y @nráeûkrehn. Geo Crnogksge Vbtreob, Îohbi Anhnþn,

Jeabre Gîrpbon, Tedbrte Cuhnzet, Bikzn Hnidbz, TnüiInohb, Vbpkte Vbtrny, Cëikx Perterbiik, Anoubi Skiieiè,Bin`ke Anrtáobz y Lesë Hein.

->;07 Prbs jeadrbs `bi ráe (Nrhbotkon). @b Anrke Wecckgk.Ron pnrtb `bi re`nlb sb rbnikz÷ bo Vnrnhuny. Geo LunoLesë Akhubz, Nhustáo Krustn y Biksn Hnivë. Wb ckia÷ boAkskeobs Nrhbotkon, sedrb in dnsb `b gubotes `bJerngke ukrehn.

->;00 Wu abler niuaoe (Nrhbotkon). @b Iugns @banrb. GeoBorkqub Aukþe y Îohbi Anhnþn. Tbcbrbogkn n in Hubrrngeotrn in Prkpib Niknozn.

->;02 Bo bi gernz÷o `b Naërkgn. @b Cb`brkge Tkbrn. ->;24 Ins nhuns dnlno turdkns (Nrhbotkon). @b Juhe `bi

Gnrrki. Geo Juhe `bi Gnrrki, N`rknon Dbobttk, Vb`reInxbit, Tnüi `bi Sniib y Hierkn Cbroîo`bz (bo bipbrseonlb `b in pnrnhunyn).






>:4

->;3> In durrbrktn `b [pngnrná (Gepreùggk÷o nrhbotkoe-pnrnhunyn). @b Nranoè De. Geo Ksndbi Wnrik,Nranoè De, Gnries H÷abz, Iuks Nidbrte `bi Vnrnoî,Wnrn Hkaëobz y Antáns Cbrrbkrn @ánz. Vreùgk`n per

Nranoè De (Nrhbotkon) y Peaîs T. Wnieaeok(Vnrnhuny).72 akiáabtres. Geier. Vrkabrn pbiáguinjbgjn geo bi skstban gkobansgepb bo bi pnás.

->;3> @eo Crutes H÷abz, geaksnrke (Nrhbotkon). @b TudëoGnvniietk. Geotkoungk÷o `b Nite Vnrnoî. Pnadkëodnsnè bo ies gubotes `b Dbiakre Nynin Hnuon. GeoGnries H÷abz y etres. 72 akiáabtres.

->;3> Vrepkb`n` (Nrhbotkon). @b Anrke Wecckgk. Geo GnriesH÷abz y etres. 72 akiáabtres.

->;34 Aksk÷o 24 (Nrhbotkon). @b Anrke Iuheobs. Geo Eihn\udnrry, Inutnre Aurün, Tkgnrè Gnstre Táes y GnriesH÷abz. 72 akiáabtres.

->;34 Nik ns Hnr`bikte (Nrhbotkon). @b Inutnre Aurün. Huk÷o<Nuhuste Ten Dnstes. N`nptngk÷o `b in oevbin `bDbronrè Merèo. Geo Nidbrte Nrhkdny, Peokn Gnrrbre,Inutnre Aurün, Oern Vniabr y Xnitbr Sk`nrtb. 72akiáabtres.

->;34 Bi tbrrerkstn (Nrhbotkon). @b @nokbi Gjbroknvsmy.Huk÷o< Nuhuste Ten Dnstes, Peans Biey Anrtáobz y@nokbi Gjbroknvsmy. 72 akiáabtres.

->;34 Bi üitkae pkse (Nrhbotkon). @b @nokbi Gjbroknvsmy.Huk÷o< Nuhuste Ten Dnstes. N`nptngk÷o `b in oevbin`b Lerhb Ansgknosmkeiy. 72 akiáabtres.

->;37 Tntns `b Naërkgn (Crnogkn geo gepreùggkeobsiegnibs). @b Lbno Hndrkbi Nidkgegge. Ckian`n bo Deikvkn,Gjkib, Vnrnhuny y Vbrü. Geo Gjnribs Nzonveur y Anrkb`b Incerbt. Vbqubþns pnrtkgkpngkeobs b Wnrn Hkaëobz,\uok Ley, Antáns Cbrrbkrn @ánz, Tkgjnr` Dn`ùj y etres.Bi preùgter pnrnhunye cub Peaîs T. Wnieaeok. Bickiab cub bstrbonè y sb bxjkdk÷ 2 `áns, rbtkrnè iubhe`b gnrtbibrn "per er`bo supbrker". Geier. Gkobansgepb.72 akiáabtres.

->;37 In De`n (Gepreùggk÷o jkspnoe-nrhbotkon). @b Iugns@banrb. Huk÷o< Nuhuste Ten Dnstes. Geo AnoubiNibxno`rb, Abrgb`bs Dnrrnoge, Geogjktn Dnutkstn y

Hrngkbin Derhbs. N`nptngk÷o `b in oevbin jea÷okanbsgrktn per Îohbi Anrán `b Ibtrn. 72 akiáabtres.

->;30 @es ûkletbs sedrb rub`ns (Nrhbotkon). @b BakikeSkbyrn. Geo Luike Ni`nan, Skgmy Dugjkoe, GnriesGnrbiin, Niceose @b Hrnzkn, Wusy Ibkvn, NidbrteEiabè, Lerhb Wedrni y Gnries H÷abz. 72 akiáabtres.




>:7

->;30 Bi `baeoke `b in snohrb (Nrhbotkon). @b TboëAuhkgn. Huk÷o< Nuhuste Ten Dnstes y Peaîs BieyAnrtáobz. 72 akiáabtres.

->;32 Geovbogk÷o `b vnhnduoès (Nrhbotkon). @b TudëoGndniietk. Geo Rdniè Anrtáobz, Gnries H÷abz (üitkanpbiáguin bo Nrhbotkon `bi ngter) y Vnikte Ertbhn. 72akiáabtres.

->;33 Gnstkhe ni trnkèr (Nrhbotkon). @b Anoubi Notáo.Huk÷o< Nuhuste Ten Dnstes, dnsnè bo su prepkegubote Bogubotre geo bi trnkèr . 72 akiáabtres.

->;38 [n tkbob geaksnrke bi pubdie (Nrhbotkon). @b BorkqubGnrrbrns. Huk÷o< Nuhuste Ten Dnstes. Geo RdnièAnrtáobz, Okoá Anrsjnii y Lerhb Gecruob. 72 akiáabtres.

->;3; Cubhe (Nrhbotkon). @b Nranoè De. Geo Ksndbi Wnrik,Nranoè De, Nidn Aulkgn y Esgnr Snikgbiik. Ckian`n boNite Vnrnoî (Gntnrntns, Gku`n` Vrbsk`botb Wtrebssobr,Vte. Crnoge). 72 akiáabtres.

->;3; Bi pubdie (Vnrnhuny). @b Gnries Wnhukbr (jbgjn bo>3aa). Ab`keabtrnlb. Dinoge y obhre.

-@ëgn`n bi 86 Bo èakohe (Tuskn). Huk÷o y `krbggk÷o `b HniknHkaëobz. Gerte dnsnè bo in edrn `b NoteoGjëlev. 72 akiáabtres. Geier. @urngk÷o<>6 akoutes.

->;87 Gnikxte Wesn (Vnrnhuny). Gerte geo ès vbrskeobs< uonbo >3 akiáabtres, dinoge y obhre, `krkhk`n per GnriesCierbs y Esgnr Perrbots= y etrn bo süpbr :, geier,`krkhk`n per Ibeonrè Akþe. Nades trndnles bstîo

dnsnès ikdrbabotb bo uo rbinte `b Anrke Jniiby Aern ysb rbnikznreo pnrn in nskhonturn tëgokgn y bstëtkgn `bigkob, n gnrhe `bi pn`rb Lbsüs Aeotbre Pkrnè,pbrtbobgkbotb n in gnrrbrn Ab`kes Ae`broes `bGeauokgngk÷o `b in Cnguitn` `b Ckiesecán `b inRokvbrsk`n` Gnt÷ikgn.

->;88 In veiuotn` `b uo pubdie (Vnrnhuny). @b HukiibraeSbrn y In`ksine Heozîibz. Vbiáguin `b 02 akoutesrbnikzn`n bo 72 akiáabtres. Bi ckiab kotbotb aestrnr uogkbrte pnrnibiksae botrb bi Hrni. Dbonr`koe Gndniibre ybi Hrni. Nicrbè Wtrebssobr. Geier. Etres gertesrbnikznès per Sbrn `bs`b >;22 jnstn >;88< Iuon `bakbi bo bi Vnrnhuny, In gnsn y in pbr`kz, In pbsgn `bi

èrnè, \ncnrk bo Vnrnhuny, Tbprbsn `b Ngnrny,Vnrnhuny, tkbrrn `b prehrbse, Bstnapn `b Nsuogk÷o,Ekmevb @eo Desge, Grksei `b Hierkn.

->;8: Gbrre Gerî (Vnrnhuny). @b Hukiibrae Sbrn. Nskstbotb`b `krbggk÷o< Anoubi Nrhùbiie. Geo Tedbrte `b Cbikgb(Anrksgni I÷pbz) y Tesn Tess (An`nab Iyogj). Geste




>:0

RW$ 366 aki. Vreùggk÷o< In`ksine Heozîibz. Geier. 72akiáabtres.

->;8: @kbs krrnb (In vbohnozn) (Tuskn). @krbggk÷o< Hnikn

Hkaëobz. Huk÷o< Nuhuste Hkaëobz. @urngk÷o< >2akoutes. 72 aa. Geier. Pjrkiibr peiátkge. Ngterbs ruses yintkoenabrkgnoes. Sbrsk÷o erkhkoni bo ruse èdin`n nignstbiinoe.

->;8; Bsgnibrn (Vnrnhuny). Gerte bxpbrkabotni `b 46akoutes rbnikznè bo : akiáabtres per Dbntrkz ûkrez `bVeapn.

->;8; Skbln aernik`n` (Tuskn). Huk÷o y @krbggk÷o `b HniknHkaëobz. @urngk÷o< 76 akoutes. 72 akiáabtres. Geier.@rnan bo gnstbiinoe ckianè bo Hberhkn (Gîugnse).

->;8;/:6 Bi Dbse (Vnrnhuny). @b Dbntrkz Veapn. Gerte `b 46akoutes rbnikznè bo >3 akiáabtres qub gbotrn su rbintesedrb in ibybo`n `b Lnsy Lntbrb.

-@ëgn`n bi :6 Ies gerrupterbs `n creotbrn. (Gepreùggk÷onrhbotkon-drnskibþn). @b Pbe Meccano. Te`n`n booubstre pnás. Geo Tesb Anrkb Dehhkoe, LunoGnries Gnþbtb, Hrngkbin Gîobpn y etres.

->;:6 Bi `bsbe `b Vkhanik÷o (Vnrnhuny). @b Juhe Hnanrrn.Gerte ckggk÷o bo >3 akiáabtres pnrn su tbsks bo inRokvbrsk`n` `b Pbxns, BB.RR.

->;:6 Kanhkobres (Vnrnhuny). @b Hrbherke I÷pbz Hrbooe.Gerte bo süpbr : akiáabtres qub trntn sedrb ins edrns`bi snotbre Te`ráhubz.

->;:> @b dnrre y ckdrn `b gege (Vnrnhuny). @b HrbherkeI÷pbz Hrbooe. Gerte bo süpbr : akiáabtres qub trntnsedrb ies nrtbsnoes `b in Geapnþán 4> `b Luike `bPedntá.

->;:> Mnpnohn (Drnski-Vnrnhuny). `b Hukiibrae Sbrn. Geo inge`krbggk÷o `b Nhboer Nivbs. In gkotn trntn `b in vk`n`b ies abosübs bo ies ybrdnibs `bi Nite Vnrnoî,qukbobs geogurrbo n uo prestáduie `b in zeon.

->;:> In pnotbrn `bsou`n (Drnski). Vbiáguin `b gertb br÷tkgegeo nihuons teans rbnikzn`ns bo bi tbrrkterkepnrnhunye.

->;:4 Wbo`bre `b bspbrnozn - Pupnsy Gnngupë.(Gepreùggk÷o jkspnoe-pnrnhunyn). @b Iîznre Egjen.Huk÷o `b Lesë Anoubi H÷abz y Aëo`bz. Geo TesnWunosbz y etres. Vreùgterbs bo Vnrnhuny< B`wnr` yTkgjnr` Dn`èuj y Nèice Dkb`branoo. Inrheabtrnlb.Geier. 33 akoutes. 72 aa.




>:2

->;:4 Skgkes `b aulbr / Kvîo bi drule / Ro pnrnhunye bonpures. (Gepreùggk÷o jkspnoe-pnrnhunyn) Pe`ns inspbiáguins peroehrîckgns re`n`ns bo Wno Dbronr`koe yiegngkeobs `bi kotbrker (n ie inrhe `b in Tutn KK). Wb

rbnikznreo geo ies aksaes `bgernès y bqukpestëgokges, ngternibs y `b preùggk÷o qub PupnsyGnngupë, dnle in `krbggk÷o `b Iîznre Egjen. @b `ántrndnlndno geo Wbo`bre b Bspbrnozn y per in oegjb, nbsgeo`k ns, jngáno ins pbiáguins br÷tkgns.

->;:4 Oegjbs Vnrnhunyns (Drnski). @b Niuyske Tnuikoe. Oecub bxjkdk`n bo Vnrnhuny.

->;:8 Hubrrn è Drnski (Drnski). @b Wkivke Dngm. Inrheabtrnlbsedrb in Hubrrn geotrn in Prkpib Niknozn.

->;:8 In dnkinotn (Gepreùggk÷o pnrnhunye-nrhbotkon).Ckian`n bo nades pnásbs.

->;::/:; Cndrkgngkeobs Gerte ckianè bo : akiáabtres rbnikznèper uo tniibr `b gkob `kgtnè bo bi Gbotre GuiturniVnrnhunye Nibaîo, `krkhkè per Anrán Iuksb Nibanoo.Aeotnlb< Luno Gnries Anobhikn.

VBIKGRINW KOGEOGIRWNW<

\nan (Nrhbotkon)< @b Okgeiîs Wnrquks. Geo cetehrncán `b GnriesWnhukbr. 72 akiáabtres.

Bi nanotb koepertuoe (Vnrnhuny)< @b Nhustáo Teyh. Huk÷o<Nranoè Tudáo. Geo Kran Teyh, Nibxks Gnsge Vnob y Nranoè

Tudáo.

Nrrkdbþe `bi oertb (Vnrnhuny)< @b Juhe Hnanrrn. >3 akiáabtres.

Aks oegjbs sko tk (Vnrnhuny)< Nouogkn`n, pbre ouogn ckian`n.

Dequbr÷o (Vnrnhuny)< @b Hukiibrae Sbrn. 72 akiáabtres. Geier.

N`k÷s n ak vniib (Vnrnhuny)< @b Nhustáo Teyh. Geo Tncnbi Telns@erkn, Gësnr Îivnrbz Dinoge y in pnrtkgkpngk÷o `b Iuks Nidbrte `biVnrnoî. Bi preybgte qub`÷ kogeogiuse per predibans tëgokges.

BI GKOB @BW@B IEW ;6 JNWPN JE[Bo >;;7, geae tbsks ckoni bo in Bsgubin `b Gkob `b Wno Noteoke `b iesDnþes, `b Gudn, No`y `bi Vubrte prbsbotn su gerteabtrnlb tktuinè "Oeseaes tno anies", `b >0 akoutes `b ùrngk÷o, bo 72 aa, geier, qubpnrtkgkp÷ `b cbstkvnibs `b gertes bo Burepn y Naërkgn.




>:3

Bo sbptkbadrb `b >;;0 sb bstrbon, bo bi Gkob Hunrnoá, "Akss Nabrkhuî",uon gepreùggk÷o subgn-gjkibon-pnrnhunyn, dnle in `krbggk÷o `b Iuks Sbrn,rbnikznèr gjkiboe. In preùggk÷o bo Vnrnhuny bstndn n gnrhe `b VnsguniTudknok, Esgnr Bikzbgjb, Borkqub Jbiiabrs, Vndie Lnrn, Bocequb

Nu`kevksuni y Ckia Pbmokm, b Wubgkn."Akss Nabrkhuî" trnosgurrb bo Nabrkhuî (Nrbhun) bo uo `án bo qub sb`bdb bibhkr n in akss `bi iuhnr. Sbohnozn peiátkgn `b per ab`ke, rbogerbsgeotrn uo vkble hbobrni< bi huk÷o, abzgin `b bibabotes surrbnikstns ygestuadrkstns, cub bsgrkte per bi aksae `krbgter y bi pbrke`kstn No`rësGeiaîo Hutkërrbz. Ngtunreo bo in pbiáguin Weokn Anrgjbwsmn, Lbsüs Vërbz,Jëgter Wkivn, Akrkna Wkborn, Tna÷o `bi Táe, Gnries Grkstniè, Lerhb Dîbz,Dbte Nynin, Hrngkbin Gîobpn, Tnqubi Skiinr, Nybsn Crutes, Gnries H÷abz,Hrngkbin Anrtáobz, Diîs Nignrîz y Oeran Ge`ns, botrb augjes etres.

Bstn pbiáguin cub rbnikzn`n geo uo rbpnrte geoceranè áotbhrnabotb perngterbs pnrnhunyes. Vnrtkgkp÷ bo vnrkes cbstkvnibs kotbrongkeonibs.

Bo >;;3 Anrgbie Anrtkobssk prbsbotn "Dbsn-ab", gerte `b : akoutes bodinoge y obhre, >3 aa, ckianè áotbhrnabotb bo Oubvn [erm.

"Bi tequb `bi edeb" cub in prkabrn pbiáguin `bi ABTGEWRT, gepreùgk`nper Drnski y Vnrnhuny. Cub `krkhk`n per Ginu`ke Ang @ewbii, qukbo tnadkëobsgrkdk÷ bi huk÷o luote n Lenquka Nssks. Wb prbbstrbo÷ bo Vnrnhuny bo bigkob Vrbakbr bo egtudrb `b >;;:. In cetehrncán bstuve n gnrhe `b PegnWbndnn y geot÷ geo in ngtungk÷o `bi drnskibre Vnuie Dbttk, Anrke Ieznoe,Nrture Cibktns, Ibtkgkn Detn (nrhbotkon), Hrngkbin Gîobpn, Akrkna Wkborn,Akrtn Anz÷, botrb etres.

Bs uon preùggk÷o `b Kanhkno Vreùgebs, Tke Ckiab y ûnotn (te`ns `bDrnski) y Nrn Ckias, `b Vnrnhuny.

Wkoepsks< uo jeadrb iibhn n uo pubdikte `bi kotbrker `bi pnás n aerkr. Niiá

bogubotrn uo pubdie aubrte qub, bo geotrnstb, ib `n sbotkè n ies üitkaes`áns `b su vk`n.

"Es antnèrbs", guye `krbgter bs Dbte Drnot, cub jbgjn bo in creotbrn qub`kvk`b ni Drnski `bi Vnrnhuny, y bo Geogbpgk÷o. Cub bstrbon`n bo Drnski bo>;;3.

Bo >;;8 Anobhikn-Wgjëaderk ckian "Naer-dnsurn", bo 72 aa, geo uobqukpe ceranè áotbhrnabotb per pnrnhunyes, n bxgbpgk÷o `b in `krbgtern`b cetehrncán, qub brn nrhbotkon. Bstb gerte cub ckianè geo uon gîanrn `b72 aa qub brn utkikzn`n pnrn ies oetkgkbres ongkeonibs, abogkeonèsprbgb`botbabotb. @bdkè n predibans tëgokges, "Naer-dnsurn" rbgkëopuè tbrakonrsb bo bobre `b 4666.

Bo oevkbadrb `b >;;: ckiano "Jeroe", bo >3 aa geier, gerte qub cubrbvbinè bo Ies Îohbibs.

Bo >;;; sb bstrbono bo Oubvn [erm, geae rbsuitnè `b uon bstn`án `bbstu`kes bo bi Obw [erm Ckia Ngn`bay, "Wny ybs" `b Luno GnriesAnobhikn, `b 8 akoutes `b ùrngk÷o, y "Bxtrnþes vbgkoes" `b PnonWgjëaderk, `b : akoutes `b ùrngk÷o.




>:8

Nades gertes cubreo ckianès bo >3 aa, dinoge y obhre.

Bo >;;; Hndrkbin \ugeikiie prbsbotn "Tnoèa crnhabots", gerte bo >3 aa,dinoge y obhre, rbsuitnè `b su bstn`án bo bi Obw [erm Ckia Ngn`bay,

skboè nsá in gunrtn pnrnhunyn qub sb bspbgknikzn bo in gku`nòertbnabrkgnon.

CRBOPB< Gkob ni án. Ron aeoehrncán bi sëptkae nrtb. Cnsgáguies geibggkeondibs`bi @knrke Bi @án. Vîh.< >4;/>73.




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KKK. VTEHTNANW @B IEW CBWPKSNIBW @B SK@BE TBNIK\N@EW@RTNOPB IN @BGN@N @BI :6.




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EL VIDEO DE FICCION EN LA DECADA DE LOS 80 - TESIS DE MANEGLIA Y SCHEMBORI - AÑO 2001 - PORTALGUARANI