Elaboração de PDTI

7/22/2019 Elaborao de PDTI

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Fhejarea

df RDTC

Nejca Gaifs Jerras
http://www.esr.rnp.br/


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E Z@R Zfdf @elcaèh df F`scà

f Rfsqucse quehcnclede laia

uie Arge`czea \alceh (A\),

sf`da hcgede ea Ic`cstrca de

Lc`lce, Tflàhagce f Càvea

( IL T C ) f rfs pa`s v f h pf h a

Rragreie C`tfric`cstfrceh Z@R,

quf la`te lai e pertclcpea das

ic`cstrcas de Fdulea (IFL), de

\edf (I\) f de Luhture (Ic`L).

Rca`fcre à elfssa C`tfr`ft à

Jresch, e Z@R phe`foe f ie`ti erfdf Cp, e rfdf ptcle èlcaèh

eledicle df ehta dfsfipf`ma.

Lai Ra`tas df Rrfsfè ès

:7 u`cdedfs de nfdfrea, e rfdf

tfi iecs df =22 c`stctucfs

la`fltedes. \a epraxciedeif`tf


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Fhejareadf RDTC

Nejca Gaifs Jerras


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Fhejareadf RDTC

Nejca Gaifs Jerras

Zca df Oe`fcra

Fslahe \upfrcar df Zfdfs

:254


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Lapyrcgmt :254 Zfdf @elcaèh df F`scà f Rfsqucse Z@RZue Heura Ihhfr, 55> sehe 552 Zca df Oe`fcra, ZO

Dcrftar Gfreh@fhsa` \cifs

Dcrftar df \frvcas f \ahufsOas Hucz Zcjfcra Nchma


LaardfèaHucz Lafhma

FdcaHc`lah` de Iete

Zfvcsa tl`cleFdsa` Kawesk Jfzfrre, E`gfhe Jradjflk f Oaylf Hustase Jfhge

Fqucpf F\Z (fi ardfi ehnejtcle)Edrceè Rcfrra, Lfhce Ielcfh, Lrcstce`f Ahcvfcre, Dfrhcè Icre`de, Fdsa` Kawesk, Fhcirce

Jerjase, Fvfhhy` Nfctase, Haurdfs \a`lc`, Hulceè Jetcste, Hucz Lerhas Hajeta, Zfèta Duertf

f Svf Ejfh Ierlceh.

Lepe, praofta vcsueh f dcegreieaTflàdfscg`

^frsa5.2.2

Fstf ietfrceh dcdtcla nac fhejareda lai `s fdulelcaècs. \ahclcteias quf quehqufr frra f`la`-treda au dvcde lai rfhea ea ietfrceh au sfu usa sfoe f`vceda pere e fqucpf df fhejarea dfla`tfda de Fslahe \upfrcar df Zfdfs, à f-iech c`naBfsr.r`p.jr. E Zfdf @elcaèh df F`scà f

Rfsqucse f as eutarfs a essuifi quehqufr rfspa`sejchcdedf par fvf`tuecs deàs au pfrdes, epfssaes au jf`s, arcgcèdas da usa dfstf ietfrceh.Es ierles rfgcstredes if`lcaèdes `fstf ietfrceh pfrtf`lfi eas rfspfltcvas tctuherfs.

DcstrcjucaFslahe \upfrcar df ZfdfsZue Heura Ihhfr, 55> sehe 552 Zca df Oe`fcra, ZOmttp?//fsr.r`p.jrc`naBfsr.r`p.jr

Dedas C`tfrèlcaècs df Letehagea è Rujhclea (LCR)

J:77p Jerras, Nejca GaifsFhejarea df RDTC / Nejca Gaifs Jerras. Zca df Oe`fcra? Z@R/F\Z, :254. 54= p. ? ch. ; := li.

Jcjhcagree? p.5:3-5


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ccc

\uirca


E iftadahagce de F\Z cx

\ajrf a lursa x

E qufi sf dfstcè xc

La`vf`fs utchczedes `fstf hcvra xc

Rfricssfs df usa xcc

\ajrf a eutar xcc

5. Rheà Dcrftar df Tflàhagce de C`nariea

C`tradua 5

Fxfrllca df cvfheif`ta 5 A pepfh fstretgcla de c`nariea :

Rhe`foeif`ta :

Etcvcdedfs df gfsta :

Fxfrllca df `cvfheif`ta : Rhe`foeif`ta 4

Fxfrllca df xea 5 Rhe`foeif`ta 6

Fxfrllca df xea < Rrc`lpcas da phe`foeif`ta >

Rhe`foeif`ta e Edic`cstrea Rjhcle Nfdfreh =

Rhe`foeif`ta df TC 5:

Iatcvedarfs f jf`fnlcas da phe`foeif`ta df TC 5

DG@27 Cdf`tcler `flfsscdedfs df c`nrefstruture >>

Fxfrllca df xea : C`nrefstruture df TC >7

DG@2= Cdf`tcler `flfsscdedfs df pfssaeh >7

Fxfrllca df xea < Rfssaeh df TC >=

DG@23 Cdf`tcler `flfsscdedfs df la`tretefs >=

Fxfrllca df xea 4 La`tretefs df sahufs df TC 75

DG@52 La`sahcder `flfsscdedfs 75

DG@55 Iepfer flfsscdedfs pere es fstretgces 74

DG@5: Evehcer `flfsscdedfs 76

Zatfcra df Etcvcdedfs 4 77

Etcvcdedf 4.5 Cdf`tcncler `flfsscdedfs df sfrvcas 77

Etcvcdedf 4.: Cdf`tcn cler `flfsscdedfs df c`nrefstruture 77

Etcvcdedf 4.< Cdf`tcn cler `flfsscdedfs df pfssaeh 7=

Etcvcdedf 4.4 Cdf`tc ncler `flfsscdedfs df la`tretefs =2

Etcvcdedf 4.6 La`sahcder flfsscdedfs =5

Etcvcdedf 4.> Iepfer `flfsscdedfs s fstretgces =5

Etcvcdedf 4.7 Evehcer flfsscdedfs =5

6. Nesf df phe`foeif`ta? dfnc`c`da iftes f efs

C`tradua =

RHE2: Rrcarczer flfsscdedfs =>


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vc

Fxfrllca df xea : Ietrcz GVT =3

RHE2< Df`cr c`dcledarfs f iftes 35

Fxfrllca df xea < Fhejarea df c`dcledarfs 36

Fxfrllca df xea 4 Df`ca df iftes 3>

RHE24 Rhe`foer efs 3>

Fxfrllca df xea 6 Tl`cle 6W:M 3=

Fxfrllca df xea > Iftes f efs 525

Zatfcra df Etcvcdedfs 6 52.: Rhe`foer areif`ta 556

Etcvcdedf >.< Cdf`tcncler netarfs lrtclas df sulfssa 556

Etcvcdedf >.4 La`sahcder RDTC 556

Ep`dclf 55>

Jcjhcagrene 5:3


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vcc

E Fslahe \upfrcar df Zfdfs (F\Z) e u`cdedf de Zfdf @elcaèh df F`scà f Rfsqucse (Z@R)

rfspa`svfh pfhe dcssficèa da la`mflcif`ta fi Tflàhagces de C`nariea f Laiu`cle-

a (TCL). E F\Z èslf lai e prapaste df sfr e nariedare f dcssficèdare df laipft`lces

fi TCL pere a larpa tl`cla-edic`cstretcva des u`cvfrscdedfs nfdfrecs, fslahes tl`cles f

u`cdedfs nfdfrecs df pfsqucse. \ue icssa nu`deif`teh rfehczer e lepelctea tl`cle dalarpa nu`lcaèh des arge`czefs usurces de Z@R, pere a fxfrllca df laipft`lces ephcl-

vfcs ea usa flez f flcf`tf des TCL.

E F\Z anfrflf dfzfès df lursas dcstrcjudas ès rfes tfitcles? Edic`cstrea f Rraofta

df Zfdfs, Edic`cstrea df \cstfies, \fgureè, Idces df \upartf Lahejarea Dcgcteh f

Gavfrèè df TC.

E F\Z teiji pertclcpe df dcvfrsas praoftas df c`tfrfssf pjhcla, laia e fhejarea f

fxflua df pheàs df lepelctea pere nariea df iuhtcphcledarfs pere praoftas fdu-

lelcaècs laia? nariea à usa de la`nfr`lce wfj pere e V`cvfrscdedf Ejfrte da Jresch

(VEJ), nariea da supartf tl`cla df hejaretrcas da Rrac`na f lrcea df ui laòu`ta df

lertchmes sajrf rfdfs sfi a pere a pragreie Vi Laiputedar par Ehuà (VLE).

E iftadahagce de F\Z

E hasae pfdeggcle f e iftadahagce quf arcf`tei as lursas de F\Z sa jesfedes è

eprf`dczegfi laia la`strua da la`mflcif`ta par ifca de rfsahua df prajhfies tpc-

las de rfehcdedf da prasscaèh fi nariea. As rfsuhtedas ajtcdas às lursas df èturfze

tfrcla-prtcle sa atciczedas, pacs a c`strutar, euxchceda pfha ietfrceh dcdtcla, etue à

epfès laia fxpasctar df la`lfctas f c`nariefs, ies prc`lcpehif`tf laia arcf`tedar da

ehuà è fxflua df etcvcdedfs la`tfxtuehczedes ès sctuefs da latcdceà prasscaèh.

E eprf`dczegfi f`tf`dcde laia e rfspaste da ehuà ea dfsea df sctuefs-prajhfiesfifhme`tfs s f`la`tredes è prtcle prasscaèh, quf sa supfredes par ifca df e`hcsf,

s`tfsf, ouhgeif`ta, pf`seif`ta lrtcla f la`strua df mcptfsfs pere e rfsahua da pra-

jhfie, fi ejardegfi arcf`tede ea dfsf`vahvcif`ta df laipft`lces.

Dfsse narie, a c`strutar tfi pertclcpea etcve f dcehgcle laia arcf`tedar da ehuà pere es

etcvcdedfs fi hejaretrca. Et ifsia e eprfsf`tea de tfarce à c`lca de sfssa df eprf`-

dczegfi à la`scdfrede uie sciphfs fxpasca df la`lfctas f c`nariefs. A c`strutar

jusle c`lf`tcver e pertclcpea das ehuàs la`tcùeif`tf.



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vccc

Es sfssfs df eprf`dczegfi a`df sf da e eprfsf`tea das la`tfdas f e rfehczea des

etcvcdedfs prtcles ti narieta prfsf`lceh f fssf`lcehif`tf prtcla, utchcze`da tl`cles df

fstuda dcrcgcda c`dcvcdueh, trejehma fi fqucpf f prtcles arcf`tedes pere a la`tfxta df etue-

a da nutura fspflcehcste quf sf prftf`df narier.

Es sfssfs df eprf`dczegfi dfsf`vahvfi-sf fi trs ftepes, lai prfdaic``lce df tfipa

pere es etcvcdedfs prtcles, la`narif dfslrca e sfgucr?

Rrcifcre ftepe? eprfsf`tea de tfarce f fslherflcif`ta df dvcdes (df >2 e 32 icùtas).

A c`strutar eprfsf`te, df ie`fcre sc`ttcle, as la`lfctas tfrclas larrfspa`df`tfs ea tfie

de sfssa df eprf`dczegfi, lai euxhca df shcdfs fi narieta RawfrRac`t. A c`strutar hfve`te

qufstfs sajrf a la`tfda das shcdfs fi vfz df epfès eprfsf`t-has, la`vcde`da e turie

rffxa f pertclcpea. Cssa fvcte quf es eprfsf`tefs sfoei ia`taès f quf a ehuà sf

lahaquf fi pasca df pesscvcdedf, a quf rfduzcrce e eprf`dczegfi.

\fgu`de ftepe? etcvcdedfs prtcles df eprf`dczegfi (df 5:2 e 562 icùtas).

Fste ftepe e fss`lce das lursas de F\Z. E iecarce des etcvcdedfs das lursas ess`lraè f

rfehczede fi duphes df ehuàs, quf elaipe`mei a rctia da ratfcra df etcvcdedfs prapasta à

hcvra df epaca. C`strutar f ia`ctar lcrluhei f`trf es duphes pere sahulcaèr dvcdes f anfrflfr

fxphclefs laiphfif`terfs.

Tfrlfcre ftepe? dcslussa des etcvcdedfs rfehczedes (


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cx

E qufi sf dfstcè

Gfstarfs f fspflcehcstes df TC quf dfsfoei edqucrcr au epfrnfcaer as sfus la`mflcif`-

tas sajrf Rheà Dcrftar df TC (RDTC) f sue ephclejchcdedf laia nfrreif`te è gfsta de

fstretgce des arge`czefs. Teiji c`tfgrei a pjhcla-ehva da lursa dcrftarfs, gfrf`tfs,

laardfèdarfs f supfrvcsarfs de rfe df TC quf dfsfoei epfrnfcaer sues mejchcdedfs df

gfrf`lceif`ta fstretgcla de TC.

La`vf`fs utchczedes `fstf hcvra

Es sfguc`tfs la`vf`fs tcpagrles sa usedes `fstf hcvra?

Cthcla

C`dcle àifs df erqucvas f rfnfr`lces jcjhcagrles rfhelcaèdes ea ha`ga da tfxta.

Hergure la`ste`tf

C`dcle laie`das f sues apfs, vercvfcs f etrcjutas, la`tfda df erqucvas f rfsuhteda de sededf laie`das. Laie`das quf sfra dcgctedas pfha usurca sa grcnedas fi `fgrcta f passufi

a prfxa da eijcf`tf fi usa (à Hcùx àriehif`tf # au $, f`que`ta à Wc`daws L?X).

La`tfda df shcdf qC`dcle a la`tfda das shcdfs rfnfrf`tfs ea lursa eprfsf`tedas fi sehe df euhe.

\ijaha wC`dcle rfnfr`lce laiphfif`ter dcspa`vfh fi sctf au pgcè è c`tfr`ft.

\ijaha d

C`dcle ui daluif`ta laia rfnfr`lce laiphfif`ter.

\ijaha vC`dcle ui vdfa laia rfnfr`lce laiphfif`ter.

\ijaha sC`dcle ui erqucva df edca laia rfnfr`lce laiphfif`ter.

\ijaha !C`dcle ui evcsa au prfleua e sfr la`scdfrede.

\ijaha pC`dcle qufstcaèif`tas quf fstciuhei e rffxa au eprfsf`te la`tfda df epaca ea

f`tf`dcif`ta da tfie fi qufsta.

\ijaha hC`dcle ates f c`nariefs laiphfif`terfs laia dcles, sugfstfs df hfcture edclcaèh au

ifsia uie ajsfrvea.


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x

Rfricssfs df usa

Tadas as dcrfctas rfsfrvedas Z@R.

Egredflfias sfiprf lcter fste na`tf que`da c`lhucr pertf dfstf hcvra fi autre ajre.

Fxfipha df lctea? TAZZF\, Rfdra ft eh.Edic`cstrea df \cstfies Hcùx? Zfdfs f \fgureè.

Zca df Oe`fcra? Fslahe \upfrcar df Zfdfs, Z@R, :25 sehe 552< Jatenaga

Zca df Oe`fcra ZO :::32-32>

F-iech? c`naBfsr.r`p.jr

\ajrf as eutarfs

Njca Gaifs Jerras Ifstrf fi Gfsta da La`mflcif`ta f de Tflàhagce de C`nariea

(TC) pfhe V`cvfrscdedf Lethcle df Jreshce (:25


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xc

Fdsa` Kawesk Jfzfrre prasscaèh de rfe df sfgureè de c`nariea f gavfrèè

m iecs df quc`zf eàs, etue`da laia eudc tar hdfr, pfsqucsedar, gfrf`tf df praofta f

gfrf`tf tl`cla, fi cìfras praoftas df gfsta df rcslas, gfsta df sfgureè de c`nar-

iea, la`tcùcdedf df `fglcas, RLC, eudctarce f rflupfrea df dfsestrfs fi fiprfses

df gre`df partf da sftar df tfhflaiu`clefs , è`lfcra, f`frgce, c`dstrce f gavfrà.

Lai veste fxpfrc`lce às tfies df sfgureè f gavfrèè, tfi etueda teiji laia

pehfstre`tf às prc`lcpecs fvf`tas da Jresch f ec`de laia c`strutar df trfcèif`tas nale-

das fi sfgureè f gavfrèè. pranfssar f laardfèdar df lursas df ps-gredueaè rfe df sfgureè de c`nariea, gfsta c`tfgrede, df càvea f tflàhagces wfj.

Maof etue laia Laardfèdar Eledicla df \fgureè f Gavfrèè df TC de Fslahe

\upfrcar df Zfdfs.


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xcc


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5

Leptuha

5-RheàDcrftardfTflàhagcedeC`nariea

ajoftcvas

la`lfctas

5Rheà Dcrftar df Tflàhagcede C`nariea

La`lfctuer e etcvcdedf df phe`foeif`ta, sfus prapsctas, prc`lpcas, lereltfrstcles

f tcpas; La`mflfr as prc`lcpecs tcpas df phe`foeif`ta df TC; F`tf`dfr a la`lfcta df

Rheà Dcrftar df TC; La`mflfr a iadfha df rfnfr`lce df RDTC da \C\R; Laiprff`dfr

es nesfs f as etarfs da pralfssa df fhejarea df Rheà Dcrftar df TC; Laiprff`dfr

as nelchctedarfs de gavfrèè df TC f sues rfhefs lai a RDTC.

Rhe`foeif`ta; Rhe`foeif`ta e Edic`cstrea Rjhcle Nfdfreh; Rhe`foeif`ta df TC;

Rheà Dcrftar df TC; Nelchctedarfs de gavfrèè df TC.

C`tradua q5 TC laia mejchctedar da sulfssa arge`czelcaèh.5 C`nariea laia etcva fstretgcla.

5 Zftarà sajrf as lrfslf`tfs c`vfstcif`tas fi TC.

5 Dfsea de gfsta df TC.

@a àvcdedf quf, lede vfz iecs, e Tflàhagce de C`nariea (TC) fst prfsf`tf à dce

e dce des arge`czefs. \foei pfqufès, idces au gre`dfs, fhes juslei è TC es nfrre-

if`tes quf passcjchctfi a ehle`lf df sfus ajoftcvas, tecs laia euif`ter sue laipftctcvc -

dedf f hulretcvcdedf, gfrer lrfslcif`ta, dfsf`vahvfr àvas pradutas f sfrvcas ftl. @a lesa

des arge`czefs pjhcles, prfster ifhmarfs sfrvcas salcfdedf, ciphfif`ter pahtcles

pjhcles lai fnftcvcdedf, f`trf autras.

Es nfrreif`tes df TC maof fsta prfsf`tfs fi quesf tades es etcvcdedfs arge`czelcaècs,

nezf`da lai quf e Tflàhagce de C`nariea sfoe ui fhfif`ta mejchctedar da sulfssa arge-

`czelcaèh (HVNTIE@; JVHHF@, :224). Rar cssa, a usa das rflursas df TC à sa ui i fi

sc ifsia. Fhfs sa `flfssrcas par la`te da pepfh fstretgcla quf e c`nariea essuicu

ès arge`czefs ifdcde quf e laipftca f`trf fiprfses nac le`da iecs elcrrede.

Rere ifhmar laipftcr, prflcsa gfsta f pralfssas dflcsrcas gfcs f fnftcvas. F laia

dflcdcr f nezfr gfsta sfi c`nariea tch f la`vfh1


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:

FhejareadfRDTC

E c`nariea pessau e sfr ui etcva fstretgcla quf euxchce e taiede df dflcsfs, e gfsta

df pralfssas f praoftas, e pfsqucse f a dfsf`vahvcif`ta df àvas pradutas f sfrvcas, a

rfhelcaèif`ta lai lhcf`tfs f nar`flfdarfs, f`trf autres etcvcdedfs.

@fssf la`tfxta df euif`ta da usa df TC, as c`vfstcif`tas fi TC teiji lrfslfrei jeste`tf

às htcias eàs. \fgu`da fstcietcves de fiprfse C`tfrètcaèh Dete Larparetca` (CDL), a

ifrleda jreschfcra df sfrvcas df TC f`lfrrau :25: lai rflfcte df lfrle df V\$ :7 jchmfs,

rfgcstre`da lrfslcif`ta da sftar df =,4% fi rfhea e :255 (TC C@\CDF A@HC@F, :25


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). a lhluha

quf prflfdf f prfscdf e ea ùie tf`tetcve df sujiftfr a lursa das ela`tflcif`tas

va`tedf muieè, sf`da ehga c`fvctvfh è prtcle muieè, luoe `cle ehtfrètcve e cipra-

vcsea (IETV\, 533).

Vi das ajoftcvas da phe`foeif`ta rfduzcr e c`lfrtfze da pralfssa dflcsrca f, par la`sfguc`tf,

euif`ter e prajejchcdedf df ehle`lf das ajoftcvas f iftes arge`czelcaècs (AHC^FCZE, :25:).

A praduta da phe`foeif`ta, a pheà, a rfsuhteda iaif`t`fa da pralfssa pfha queh ui

eta (df phe`foer) fslahmf uie ledfce df efs pere ehleèr sfus ajoftcvas (IETV\, 533


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4

FhejareadfRDTC

Fxfrllca df `cvfheif`ta :fRhe`foeif`ta

A phe`foeif`ta nez pertf de sue vcde pfssaeh1 Rar quf val phe`foe1 Laia val tfi utchc-

zeda a phe`foeif`ta1

Nesfs da phe`foeif`ta

A phe`foeif`ta padf sfr dcvcdcda fi nesfs (vfr Tejfhe 5.5), lede uie c`tfregc`da lai es

autres, a flfsserceif`tf sfguc`da uie ardfi sfquf`lceh (ELKANN, ZV\\FH H., 537>).

Nesf Dfslrca

Nc`s Dfnc`ca df ajoftcvas f iftes.

Ifcas \fhfa das ifcas pere etc`gcr as ajoftcvas? pahtcles, pragreies, pralf-dcif`tas f prtcles.

Zflursas Dftfric ea das tcpas f de que`tcdedf df rflursas `flfssrcas, enarie df ajt-has f df ehal-has.

Ciphe`tea Dftfric ea df pralfdcif`tas pere taiede df dflcsa f df uieie`fcre df arge`cz-has, df iada quf a pheà sfoe fxfluteda.

La`trahf Dftfric ea df pralfdcif`tas pere e`tflcper f dftflter frras aspheàs au nehmes è fxflua, df ie`fcre e prfvf`c-has au larrcgc-has dfnarie la`tùe.

Rrcifcra, prflcsa sejfr a quf qufrfias lai e ea. Uueh a prapscta dfhe1 Uuf ajoftcvas

prftf`dfias ehleèr1 Uuf ifte qufrfias etc`gcr1

E pertcr de, lai a prapscta, as ajoftcvas f es iftes fi if`tf, pertcias pere sfhflcaèr

as ifcas pere etc`gc-has. Uuf passcjchcdedfs df ea fu tf`ma1 Uuf leic`mas dfvfrfias

pfrlarrfr pere ehle`-has1

Fslahmcdes es efs, vfi e pfrgu`te? a quf prflcsa pere rfehcz-hes1 Uue`ta luster1 Df quf

rflursas ietfrcecs prflcserfias1 Ea rfehczer es efs, padfi surgcr dvcdes, ciprfvcstas

au ajstluhas. Laia dflcdcr sajrf fsses qufstfs1 Uufi dflcdcr1

Rar htcia, laia sejfr sf fsteias c`da jfi1 Laia sejfr sf fxcstfi frras è fxflua des

efs1 Laia prfvf`cr es nehmes e fxflua1

Dcif`sfs da phe`foeif`taA phe`foeif`ta padf sfr lhesscleda fi lc`la dcif`sfs (\TFC@FZ, 53>3)?

5 Essu`ta ejardeda? pradua, pfsqucses, àvas pradutas, ierkftc`g, tflàhagce dec`nariea ftl.;

5 Fhfif`tas da phe`foeif`ta? prapsctas, ajoftcvas, fstretgces, pahtcles, pragreies,praoftas, areif`tas ftl.;

5 Tfipa da phe`foeif`ta? lurta, idca au ha`ga preza;

5 Ejre`g`lce da phe`foeif`ta? u`cdedfs arge`czelcaècs a`df a phe`foeif`ta fhejareda.Fxfiphas? e arge`czea c`tfcre, u`cdedfs df `fglcas, df dcvcsfs, df dfperteif`tas ftl.;

Tejfhe 5.5Nesfs daphe`foeif`ta.Na`tf? Elka(537>).


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5 Lereltfrstcles da phe`foeif`ta? laiphfxa au sciphfs, fstretgcla, ttcla au apfrelcaèh,narieh au c`narieh, f`trf autras.

Fxfipha?

5 Rheà Dcrftar df Tflàhagce de C`nariea (RDTC)?

: Essu`ta? Tflàhagce de C`nariea;

: Fhfif`tas? c`dcledarfs, iftes, efs f areif`ta;: Tfipa? idca preza;

: Ejre`g`lce? fi gfreh, tade e arge`czea;

: Lereltfrstcles? sciphfs, ttcla f narieh.

Fxfrllca df ncxea 5fRhe`foeif`ta

Fslahme uie etcvcdedf df phe`foeif`ta df sue arge`czea f nee e e`hcsf dfhe, utchcze`da

es dcif`sfs prapastes par \tfc`fr (53>3)?

Etcvcdedf df phe`foeif`ta?

Essu`ta?

Fhfif`tas?

Tfipa?

Ejre`g`lce?

Lereltfrstcles?

Rrc`lpcas da phe`foeif`ta

E etcvcdedf df phe`foeif`ta dfvf rfspfcter ehgu`s prc`lpcas df narie quf as rfsuhtedas

fspfredas lai sue ciphfif`tea sfoei ehleèdas. E Tejfhe 5.: eprfsf`te uie s`tfsf

das prc`lpcas f`la`tredas e hctfreture.

Rrc`lpca Dfslrca Eutar

De la`trcjuca easajoftcvas

A phe`foeif`ta dfvf sfiprf vcser eas ajof-tcvas df uie arge`czea.

Ahcvfcre (:25:)

De prflfd`lce A phe`foeif`ta dfvf prflfdfr es autresnu`fs edic`cstretcves (laardfèa,

laie`da, la`trahf f arge`czea), au sfoe, dfvfsfr rfehczeda e`tfs des autres.

Ahcvfcre (:25:)

De iecar c`nhu`lcef ejre`g`lce

A phe`foeif`ta dfvf pravaler iudeès eslereltfrstcles f etcvcdedfs df uie arge`c-zea.

Ahcvfcre (:25:)

De iecar fnclc`lce,fncllce f fnftcvcdedf

A phe`foeif`ta dfvf jusler iexciczer asrfsuhtedas f ic`ciczer es dfnclc`lces eprfsf`-tedes pfhes arge`czefs.

Ahcvfcre (:25:)


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FhejareadfRDTC

Rrc`lpca Dfslrca Eutar

Da phe`foeif`tapertclcpetcva

A prc`lcpeh jf`fnlca da phe`foeif`ta à asfu rfsuhteda ncèh, a pheà, ies a pralfssa dffhejarea dfstf. Rar cssa, dfvf sfr nfcta pfhesdcvfrses pertfs pfrtc`f`tfs ea pralfssa.

Elkann (5374)

Da phe`foeif`ta

laardfèda

@f`mui espflta df uie fiprfse padf sfr phe-

`foeda df ie`fcre c`dfpf`df`tf df quehqufrautre pertf dfhe. Rar cssa, a phe`foeif`ta dfvfsfr laardfèda df iada e hcder lai e c`tfrdf-pf`d`lce.

Elkann (5374)

Da phe`foeif`tac`tfgreda

As vrcas fslehfs df uie arge`czeamcfrrqucle dfvfi tfr sfus phe`foeif`tasc`tfgredas, au sfoe, dfvfi ie`tfr lafr`lcef`trf sc.

Elkann (5374)

Da phe`foeif`tapfrie`f`tf

A phe`foeif`ta dfvf sfr ui pralfssa la`-tùa. @f`mui pheà dfnc`ctcva f fst sfiprfsuofcta e sfr rfvcseda, pacs pfrdf vehar f utchc-dedf lai a tfipa.

Elkann (5374)

Fxfrllca df ncxea


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Rhe`foeif`taFstretgcla

Rhe`foeif`ta Ttcla

Rhe`foeif`ta Apfrelcaèh

A phe`foeif`ta fstretgcla a pralfssa edic`cstretcva quf praparlcaè sustf`tea ifta-dahgcle pere sf fstejfhflfr e ifhmar dcrfa e sfr sfgucde pfhe fiprfse f dcz rfspfcta te`ta

nariuhea df ajoftcvas que`ta sfhfa das lursas df ea e sfrfi sfgucdas pere sue

la`sahcdea, hfve`da fi la`te es la`dcfs c`tfrès f fxtfrès fiprfse (AHC^FCZE, :25:).

Teiji padf sfr dfslrcta laia ui fsnara dcslcphcèda pere praduzcr efs f dflcsfs

nu`deif`tecs quf iahdei f gucei a quf uie arge`czea , a quf fhe nez f par quf fhe nez.

Rere te`ta, ui laòu`ta df la`lfctas, pralfdcif`tas f nfrreif`tes fhejaredes pere eouder

hdfrfs, gfrf`tfs f phe`foedarfs e pf`ser, egcr f eprf`dfr fstretfgcleif`tf (JZS\A@, :224).

A phe`foeif`ta ttcla, par sue vfz, ui itada edic`cstretcva quf ajoftcve gfrer rfsuhteda

fi dftfricède rfe df rfsuhteda (TC, Ierkftc`g, Ncè`lfcra ftl. ) f à è arge`czea laia

ui tada (AHC^FCZE, :25:). Dfssf iada, trejehme lai e dflaipasca das ajoftcvas f fstret -

gces df`cdas à phe`foeif`ta fstretgcla fi ajoftcvas f c`clcetcves iecs fspflles df uie

rfe. Vi fxfipha df phe`foeif`ta ttcla a pheà dcrftar df TC, tfie dfstf hcvra.

F, èhif`tf, a phe`foeif`ta apfrelcaèh ui pralfssa df ifàr eiphctudf, à queh a

nala trejehmer ou`ta eas nu`lca`rcas f`vahvcdas ès apfrefs de arge`czea, ciphf-

if`te`da as pheàs fspfllas df`cdas a phe`foeif`ta ttcla.

Radf sfr la`scdfreda laia e nariehczea, prc`lcpehif`tf etrevs df fslrctas, des ifta-

dahagces df dfsf`vahvcif`ta f ciphe`tea fstejfhflcdes. As pheàs df ea au pheàs

apfrelcaècs dfslrfvfi fi dftehmfs as rflursas `flfssrcas pere sfu dfsf`vahvcif`ta f

ciphe`tea, as pralfdcif`tas jsclas e sfrfi edatedas, as rfsuhtedas ècs fspfredas, as

prezas fstejfhflcdas, as rfspa`svfcs par sue fxflua f ciphe`tea ftl. (JZE\CH, :25:j).

As pheàs dfvfi fster ehc`medas f`trf sc, au sfoe, dfvfi sfr lafrf`tfs f meria`czedas

f`trf sc, la`narif chustreda è Ncgure 5.2,luoa prapscta

nariuher e fstretgce(ALE\CA; OA\FRM, :22=).

E supasca de

hctfreture df phe`foe-if`ta fstretgcla df

quf e nariea defstretgce arge`cze-

lcaèh ui pralfssa dfphe`foeif`ta,

cdfehczeda au epaceda

par phe`foedarfs, perephe`foer e nci dfpraduzcr pheàs

(IC@T_JFZG, :224).


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FhejareadfRDTC

@vfh ttcla

Rheà dfierkftc`g

Rheà dfpradua

Rheà df TCRheàfstretgcla

Rheà apfrelcaèh E

Rheà apfrelcaèh J

Rheà apfrelcaèh L

Rheà apfrelcaèh D

Rheà apfrelcaèh F

Rheà apfrelcaèh N

Rheà apfrelcaèh G

@vfh fstretgcla @vfh apfrelcaèh

Fxfrllca df ncxea 4fTcpas df phe`foeif`taLaia val pfrlfjf as dcnfrf`tfs tcpas df phe`foeif`ta e sue arge`czea1

Rhe`foeif`ta è Edic`cstrea Rjhcle Nfdfreh

@a la`tfxta de Edic`cstrea Rjhcle Nfdfreh (ERN ), a phe`foeif`ta ui das sfus prc`l-

pcas nu`deif`tecs, la`narif dfslrcta à Dflrfta-hfc :22/53>7?

Ert. > Es etcvcdedfs de Edic`cstrea Nfdfreh ajfdflfra eas sfguc`tfs prc`lpcas

nu`deif`tecs?

C Rhe`foeif`ta.

CC Laardfèa.

CCC Dfslf`trehczea.

C^ Dfhfgea df Laipft`lce.

^ La`trahf.

A Dflrfta-hfc ` :22/53>7 ec`de dftfricè quf e ea gavfrèif`teh ajfdflfr e phe`f-

oeif`ta quf v csf praiavfr a dfsf`vahvcif`ta flaìcla-salceh da pes f e sfgureè

èlcaèh, àrtfe`da-sf df elarda lai as pheàs f pragreies fhejaredas (JZE\CH, 53>7).

As c`struif`tas jsclas df phe`foeif`ta prfvcstas à dflrfta sa (JZ E\CH, 53>7)?

5 A pheà gfreh df gavfrà;

5 As pragreies gfrecs, sftarcecs f rfgcaècs, df durea phurceùeh;

5 A areif`ta-pragreie eùeh;

5 E pragreiea è`lfcre df dfsfijahsa.

Ncgure 5.


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A Dflrfta-hfc ` :22/53>7 teiji prfv quf eùehif`tf sfr fhejareda ui

areif`ta-pragreie quf dftehmer e ftepe da pragreie phurceùeh e sfr rfehczede

à fxfrllca sfguc`tf, sfrv c`da df ratfcra pere fxflua laardfède da pragreie

eùeh (JZE\CH, 53>7).

Areif`ta-pragreie

A areif`ta-pragreie e tl`cle df areif`ta rfnfr`lce pere a scstfie areif`trca

jreschfcra. @fhe, sa df`cdas as prapsctas f ajoftcvas pere as quecs sf sahclctei datefs,

as lustas das pragreies prapastas pere ehleèr as ajoftcvas f as dedas que`tctetcvas quf

pfrictei ifdcr es rfehczefs f a trejehma df lede pragreie (JVZKMFED, 5375).

@fssf la`lfcta, fsta dfhc`fedas as fhfif`tas fssf`lcecs de tl`cle (GCELAIA@C, :226)?

5 As ajoftcvas f prapsctas pfrsfgucdas pfhe c`stctuca f quf, pere sfu ehle`lf, sa `flfs-srcas rflursas areif`trcas;

5 As pragreies c`struif`tas df c`tfgrea das fsnaras gavfrèif`tecs fiprff`dcdaspere ehleèr as ajoftcvas;

5 As lustas das pragreies;

5 Es ifdcdes df dfsfipf`ma `flfssrces pere ifdcr es rfehczefs f as fsnaras dcspf`-dcdas e fxflua das pragreies.

E Ncgure 5.4 iastre as laipa`f`tfs da areif`ta-pragreie f sfus rfhelcaèif`tas.

RragreieAjoftcva

Ifdcde dfdfsfipf`ma

Lusta

Rraduta stèh

@e tl`cle df areif`ta-pragreie, a areif`ta a fha f`trf a phe`foeif`ta f es nu`fs

fxflutcves de arge`czea (GCELAIA@C, :226). @fssf sf`tcda, e La`stctuca Nfdfreh da

Jresch df 53== df`cu e narie df c`tfgrea f`trf phe`foeif`ta f areif`ta par ifca de

lrcea das sfguc`tfs c`struif`tas (JZE\CH , 53==)?

5 Rheà Rhurceùeh (RRE);

5 Hfc df Dcrftrczfs Areif`trces (HDA);

5 Hfc Areif`trce Eùeh (HAE).

E Ncgure 5.6 fxcjf a pralfssa c`tfgreda df phe`foeif`ta f areif`ta.

Ncgure 5.4Rrc`lcpecs

laipa`f`tfsda areif`ta-

pragreie.


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Fhejarea f rfvcsada Rheà Rhurceùeh (RRE)

Fhejarea f epraveade Hfc df DcrftrczfsAreif`trces

Fhejarea de prapaste

areif`trce eùeh (HAE)

Dcslussa, vateaf epravea de HAE

Fxflua areif`trce La`trahf f evehcea defxflua areif`trce

Fhejarea f rfvcsa

df pheàs èlcaècs,rfgcaècs f sftarcecs

C`struif`ta df phe`foeif`ta df idca preza da Gavfrà Nfdfreh.

q5 \`tfsf das fsnaras df phe`foeif`ta df tade e edic`cstrea pjhcle.5 Arcf`te e fhejarea das dfiecs pheàs f pragreies df gavfrà f da areif`ta eùeh.

A Rheà Rhurceùeh (RRE) ui c`struif`ta df phe`foeif`ta df idca preza da Gavfrà

Nfdfreh quf ejre`gf quetra fxfrllcas, lai vcg`lce f`trf a sfgu`da eà da ie`deta prf-

scdf`lceh f a èh da prcifcra eà da ie`deta sujsfquf`tf (JZE\CH, 53==). A pheà uie

s`tfsf das fsnaras df phe`foeif`ta df tade e edic`cstrea pjhcle f arcf`te e fhejarea

das dfiecs pheàs f pragreies df gavfrà f da areif`ta eùeh (GCELAIA@C, :226).

Ehi dcssa, a RRE fstejfhflf, df narie rfgcaèhczede, es dcrftrczfs, ajoftcvas f iftes pere

es dfspfses df lepcteh, f autres dfhes dflarrf`tfs, f pere es rfhetcves eas pragreies df

durea la`tcùede da Radfr Fxflutcva Nfdfreh (JZ E\CH, 53==).

Rar cssa, tade e ea gavfrèif`teh sf fstruture fi tarà df pragreies arcf`tedas pere e

rfehczea das ajoftcvas fstretgclas df`cdas pere as quetra eàs df fxfrllca df lede RRE

(JZE\CH, :25:l).

Ncgure 5.6

RRE? Rralfssac`tfgreda dfphe`foeif`ta fareif`ta.Rheà

Rhurceùeh


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@e fsnfre nfdfreh, a praofta df hfc da RRE dfvfr sfr f`leic`meda pfha Radfr Fxflutcva ea

La`grfssa @elcaèh et quetra ifsfs e`tfs da f`lfrreif`ta da fxfrllca ().

Hfc df Dcrftrczfs Areif`trces

Eùehif`tf, a Radfr Fxflutcva dfvfr f`leic`mer ea Radfr Hfgcshetcva a praofta df hfc df

dcrftrczfs areif`trces (HDA) quf, lesa epravede, fstejfhflfr iftes f prcarcdedfs de

Edic`cstrea Rjhcle Nfdfreh, arcf`ter e fhejarea de prapaste areif`trce, dcspar

sajrf ehtfrefs e hfgcshea trcjutrce f fstejfhflfr e pahtcle df ephclea des eg`lces

è`lfcres alcecs df naif`ta.

@a ijcta nfdfreh, a praofta de HDA dfvfr sfr f`leic`meda pere a La`grfssa @elcaèh et

acta ifsfs f ifca e`tfs da f`lfrreif`ta da fxfrllca (56 df ejrch) f dfvahvcda pere seà

prfscdf`lceh et a f`lfrreif`ta da prcifcra pfrada de sfssa hfgcshetcve (57 df ouhma)

(JZE\CH, 53==, :22>).

Hfc Areif`trce Eùeh

qHAE?

5 Fstcie e rflfcte.

5 Ncxe e dfspfse de V`ca pere a fxfrllca è`lfcra.

Rar sue vfz, e Hfc Areif`trce Eùeh (HAE) fstcie e rflfcte f xe e dfspfse de V`ca pere

a fxfrllca è`lfcra. Laiprff`df (JZE \CH, 53==)?

5 A areif`ta sleh das Radfrfs de V`ca, sfus nu`das, rgas f f`t cdedfs de edic`cs-trea dcrfte f c`dcrfte, c`lhuscvf nu`defs c`stctudes f ie`tcdes pfha Radfr Rjhcla;

5 Areif`ta df c`vfstcif`ta des fiprfses fi quf e V`ca, dcrfte au c`dcrfteif`tf,dftf`me e iecarce da lepcteh salceh lai dcrfcta e vata;

5 Teiji a areif`ta de sfgurcdedf salceh, ejre`gf`da tades es f`tcdedfs f rgas efhe vc`luhedas, de edic`cstrea dcrfte au c`dcrfte, jfi laia as nu`das f nu`defs

c`stctudas f ie`tcdas pfha Radfr Rjhcla.

E c`tfgrea f`trf es efs areif`trces prfvcstes è HAE f e fstruture da RRE chustrede

è Ncgure 5.>.


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FhejareadfRDTC

^csa df nututa, veharfsf ielradfsestas

Lereltfrczea, c`dcledarfs

f vehar ghajeh.

Lereltfrczea, arga fxflutar,ifte ghajeh f rfgcaèhczede.

F`trfges df jf`s f sfrvcas salcfdedf,rfsuhte`tfs de laardfèa df efsareif`trces f a areif`trces.

^c`luhei-sf eas pragreies,ies eperflfi fxlhuscveif`tfè rjcte areif`trce.

HAE

RRE

Dcif`sa Fstretgcle

Rragreies

Ajoftcvas

C`clcetcves

Efs

Rhe`foeif`ta df TC

E gfsta df TC teiji heè ia des etcvcdedfs df phe`foeif`ta pere sfr iecs fnftcve f

essci ajtfr rftarà sajrf as c`vfstcif`tas fi TC. E hctfreture eledicle f teiji das

pretcle`tfs df phe`foeif`ta rfgcstrei vrces dfàicèfs sajrf phe`foeif`ta df TC,

rfftc`da uie gre`df dcvfrscdedf df prtcles `fssf leipa?

5 Rhe`foeif`ta Fstretgcla df TC (RFTC);5 Rhe`foeif`ta Fstretgcla df \cstfies df C`nariea (RF\C);

5 Rheà Dcrftar df TC (RDTC);5 Rheà Ttcla df TC;

5 Rheà df \cstfies df C`nariea, La`mflcif`ta f C`naritcle (R\CLC).

Fsses prtcles lctedes dcnfrfi f`trf sc fi rfhea s dcif`sfs da phe`foeif`ta.

Ehguies dcnfrfès?

5 A RFTC tfi e lereltfrstcle df sfr fstretgcla, f`que`ta a RDTC tfi lertfr ttcla;

5 A essu`ta ejardeda pfha RF\C sa as scstfies df c`nariea. O a RDTC f a RFTC ejardeie TC laia ui tada, ehi das scstfies df c`nariea;

5 A RFTC gfrehif`tf df ha`ga preza. Rar sue vfz, a RDTC tf`df e sfr df idca preza.

Ec`de essci, a m la`sf`sa sajrf es dcnfrfès f`trf fhfs è hctfreture. E Tejfhe 5.< trez

uie hcste à fxeustcve df dfàicèfs f la`lfctas f`la`tredas è hctfreture, rfftc`da e

dcvfrscdedf da tfie.

Ncgure 5.>C`tfgrea f`trf aRRE f e HAE.


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5);

5 Epaca è lahejarea f a laipertchmeif`ta df c`nariea (WEZD; RFRREZD, :22:;WFCHH; ZA\\, :22>);

5 Epaca è laardfèa des etcvcdedfs df trejehma (WFCHH; ZA\\, :22>);

5 Zfdua df lustas (WEZD; RFRREZD, :22:);

5 Lrcea df àves apartu`cdedfs fstretgcles ( WEZD; RFRREZD, :22:);

5 Eprciareif`ta da lrfslcif`ta f da sulfssa arge`czelcaècs (WEZD; RFRREZD, :22:);

5 Epaca ea trejehma fi fqucpf è arge`czea (HEVDA@; HEVDA@, :224);

5 Ajtfà df ve`tegfi laipftctcve (WEZD; RFRREZD, :22:);

5 Epaca càvea (LEZZ, :22);

5 Euif`ta de laipftctcvcdedf arge`czelcaèh (HEVDA@; HEVDA@, :224; WEZD;

RFRREZD, :22:);5 Euif`ta de setcsnea das usurcas (WEZD; RFRREZD, :22:; WFCHH; ZA\\, :22>);

5 C`tfgrea f`trf fstretgce df `fglcas f df \C (WEZD; RFRREZD, :22:);

5 Eprciareif`ta è rfhea lai nar`flfdarfs (HEVDA@; HEVDA@, :224; WEZD;RFRREZD, :22:).

Vie pfsqucse rfehczede lai 5: dcrcgf`tfs df u`cdedfs df TC das Ic`cstrcas f

\flrfterces-fspflcecs da Gavfrà Nfdfreh epa`tau as sfguc`tfs rfsuhtedas dflarrf`tfs

de edaa df phe`foeif`ta df TC , pfrlfjcdas pfhas dcrcgf`tfs (JEZZA\, :25


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5 Zfdua df dfspfrdlca df rflursas;

5 Zfdua df lustas;

Zfdua de vuh`frejchcdedf nrf`tf eas rgas df la`trahf.

Fxfrllca df ncxea 6fRhe`foeif`ta df TC

Uuf iatcvas padfrcei hfver e sue arge`czea e c`clcer e fhejarea df ui RDTC ès

prxcies sfieès1

Rheà Dcrftar df TC

qE pertcr de pujhclea de C`strua @arietcve (C@) ` 24/:22= pfhe \HTC Rrtcle df fheja -rea df pheàs dcrftarfs df TC (RDTC) laifau e sf dcnu`dcr às rgas pjhclas nfdfrecs.

Ela`tflf quf e C@ \HTC ` 24/:22= dftfricève eas rgas c`tfgre`tfs da \cstfie df Edic-`cstrea das Zflursas df Tflàhagce de C`nariea (\C\R) da Radfr Fxflutcva Nfdfreh quf

tades es la`tretefs df sahufs df TC dfvfrcei sfr prflfdcdes df phe`foeif`ta, c`du-

zc`da df narie c`dcrfte te`ta e edaa dfsse prtcle df gfsta laia e c`tfgrea f`trf as

pheàs fssfs rgas?

Es la`tretefs df quf trete fste C`strua @arietcve dfvfra sfr prflfdcdes df phe`foe-

if`ta, fhejareda fi meria`ce lai a RDTC , ehc`meda ea phe`foeif`ta fstretgcla da rga

au f`tcdedf. (JZE\CH, :22=).

E c`tfrprftea de àrie e df quf es la`tretefs df TC dfvfi sfr prfvcstes fi ui RDTC,

au sfoe, pere la`treter, prflcsa e`tfs phe`foer. E pertcr de, a hfie phe`foer e`tfs df la`-

treter pessau e sfr rfpftcda laia ui ie`tre às rgas c`tfgre`tfs da \C\R.

Rar sue vfz, a RDTC df`cda laia ui c`struif`ta df dceg`stcla, phe`foeif`ta f gfsta

das rflursas f pralfssas df Tflàhagce de C`nariea quf vcse e etf`dfr s flfsscdedfs

tflàhgcles f df c`nariea df ui rga au f`tcdedf pere ui dftfricèda pfrada

(JZE\CH, :22=, :252).

A prapscta df ui RDTC etf`dfr es `flfsscdedfs df c`nariea f df tflàhagce df uie

arge`czea fi ui dftfricèda pfrada. Rere te`ta, `flfssrca df`cr iftes, efs f

praoftas pere suprcr tecs flfsscdedfs, sf`da fssfs a pr c`lcpecs fhfif`tas da pheà.

A RDTC ui pheà ttcla, fijare ehgu`s itadas prfslrfvei ehgu`s fhfif`tas fstret-

gclas è sue la`strua, laia a lesa da itada \C\R, quf veias dcslutcr iecs edce`tf.

C`tfgrea da RDTC lai autras pheàs

q5 Ehc`meif`ta lai RFC f RFTC.5 Leslete df ajoftcvas da LAJCT 6.

5 Ehc`meif`ta lai e prapaste areif`trce.

5 Ehc`meif`ta lai a RRE que`da à fxcstcr RFC.

Dfvf mevfr meria`czea f`trf es iftes f pheàs df ciphfif`tea df TC lai es iftes f

e fstruture arge`czelcaècs (HVNTIE@; JVHHF@, :224). Rar cssa, prflcsa ajsfrver e laf-

r`lce da RDTC lai pheàs fstretgclas, lesa fstfs fxcstei? Rheà Fstretgcla C`stctulcaèh

(RFC) f Rheà Fstretgcla df TC (RFTC). A prapscta quf tadas as fsnaras f rflursas de TC

Fi :252, e C@ \HTC` 24/:22= nac

rfvagede f sujstctudepfhe C@ \HTC ` 24/:252,quf ie`tfvf e ifsie

dftfricèa elfrleda phe`foeif`ta.

h


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fstfoei arcf`tedas pere e la`sflua des fstretgces arge`czelcaèh f df TC.

Rere te`ta, a nreifwark df gfsta f gavfrèè LAJCT 6 prapf uie leslete df ajoftcvas,

pertc`da das dcrflcaèdarfs des pertfs c`tfrfssedes, quf sa tre`snariedas fi `flfssc-

dedfs des pertfs c`tfrfssedes (rfehczer jf`fnlcas, atciczer rcslas f rflursas), quf, par sue

vfz, sa treduzcdas fi ajoftcvas arge`czelcaècs (la`tfda da RFC) f ajoftcvas rfhelcaèdas

TC la`tcdas à RFTC (C\ELE, :25:).

@a pralfssa df RDTC alarrf ui pralfssa sfifhme`tf, dfslrcta è Ncgure 5.7. E dcnfrfè

quf, à èh, as ajoftcvas rfhelcaèdas TC sa dfsdajredas fi `flfsscdedfs df TC quf, par

sue vfz, sa etf`dcdas par iftes f efs da RDTC.

Dcrflcaèdarfs des pertfs c`tfrfssedeseijcf`tf fxtfrà, aves tflàhagces

@flfsscdedfs des pertfs c`tfrfssedes

Ajoftcvas arge`czelcaècs (RFC)

Ajoftcvas rfhelcaèdas TC (RFTC)

@flfsscdedfs df TC (RDTC)

Iftes f efs da RDTC

@as lesas fi quf à fxcstf ui RFC, e C@ \HTC ` 24/:252 c`dcle laia sf dfvf rfehczer e

c`tfgrea da RDTC lai a phe`foeif`ta c`stctulcaèh (JZE\CH, :252)?

C`fxcstc`da a phe`foeif`ta fstretgcla nariehif`tf daluif`teda, sfr utchczeda a dalu-

if`ta fxcstf`tf à rga au f`tcdedf, e fxfipha da Rheà Rhurceùeh au c`struif`ta fquc-vehf`tf, rfgcstre`da à RDTC e eus`lce da phe`foeif`ta fstretgcla da rga au f`tcdedf f

c`dcle`da as daluif`tas utchczedas.

c`tfrfsse`tf quf, pere sf tarèr vcvfh fi tfrias è`lfcras, a RDTC scrve df c`suia pere

a phe`foeif`ta areif`trca da fxfrllca sfguc`tf, o quf uie pertf dfhf dfdclede

prfvcsa df c`vfstcif`tas f lustfca. Rar fssf iatcva, rflaif`de-sf quf e fhejarea au

rfvcsa da RDTC prflfde e fhejarea de prapaste areif`trce.

\ugfrf-sf teiji quf a RDTC sfoe fhejareda au rfvcseda eps e la`lhusa da Rheà Fstre-

tgcla C`stctulcaèh (RFC) f da Rheà Fstretgcla df TC (RFTC), df iada e nelchcter a ehc`meif`ta

das praoftas f efs da RDTC lai as ajoftcvas f c`clcetcves da RFC f da RFTC (vfr Ncgure 5.=).

Ncgure 5.7Leslete dfajoftcvas da RDTC.


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Fhejarea/rfvcsa da RFC

Fhejarea/rfvcsa da RFTC

Fhejarea/rfvcsa da RDTC

Fhejareade prapasteareif`trce

Fxfrllca df ncxea >fC`tfgrea da RDTC lai autras pheàs

A Ic`cstrca das Tre`spartfs (IT) pujhclau ui Rheà Fstretgcla df TC pere a \ftar Tre`s-

partfs (RFTC-\T). Trete-sf uie fstretgce df TC pere tades e u`cdedfs df TC das rgas f

fiprfses da sftar.

\upa`me quf e fiprfse pjhcle FRH (Fiprfse df Rhe`foeif`ta f Hagstcle), vc`luhede ea

IT, elejau df fhejarer ui RFC f ui RFTC f fstfoe fi pralfssa df rfvcsa df sfu RDTC.

@fssf lesa, laia dfvf sfr e c`tfgrea das dcvfrsas pheàs1

Iadfha df Zfnfr`lce df RDTC da \C\R

^cse`da eouder e fhejarea df RDTC às rgas c`tfgre`tfs da \C\R, e \HTC pujhclau fi :223 ui

iadfha df rfnfr`lce df RDTC. E vfrsa etueh dfssf iadfha, pujhclede fi :25:, prapf e fstru-

ture f as prc`lcpecs la`tfdas e la`sterfi à daluif`ta, dcvcdcdas fi sffs (JZE\CH, :25:j)?

5 C`tradua;

5 Tfrias f Ejrfvcefs;

5 Iftadahagce ephclede;

5 Daluif`tas df Zfnfr`lce;

5 Rrc`lpcas f Dcrftrczfs;

5 Arge`czea de TC;

5 Zfsuhtedas da RDTC E`tfrcar;

5 Zfnfrf`lceh Fstretgcla df TC;

5 Ehc`meif`ta lai e Fstretgce de Arge`czea;

5 C`vf`trca df @flfsscdedfs;

5 Rheà df Iftes f df Efs;5 Rheà df Gfsta df Rfssaes;

5 Rheà df C`vfstcif`tas f Lustfca;

5 Rheà df Gfsta df Zcslas;

5 Rrapaste Areif`trce df TC;

5 Rralfssa df Zfvcsa da RDTC;

5 Netarfs Lrtclas pere e Ciphe`tea da RDTC;

Ncgure 5.=\c`lra`csia f`trf

as pheàs.


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5 La`lhusa;

5 E`fxas.

Ehguies prficsses narei hfvedes fi la`scdfrea ea sf fhejarer fssf iadfha?

5 A iadfha dfvfrce sfr edfqueda rfehcdedf arge`czelcaèh da Radfr Fxflutcva Nfdfreh, ausfoe, edfqueda e rgas lai jecxe ieturcdedf fi gfsta f quedra rfduzcda df pfssaeh;

5 A iadfha dfvfrce sfr sciphfs f nlch df sfr utchczeda par tecs rgas;5 A iadfha dfvfrce sfrvcr laia c`spcrea pere as rgas fhejarerfi a sfu prcifcra RDTC;

5 A iadfha dfvfrce la`tfr epfès as espfltas fssf`lcecs df ui RDTC, au sfoe, equcha qufà padf nehter `fhf.

Rere fstf lursa, zfias ehguies edeptefs f sciphclefs a iadfha, quf lau lai e

sfguc`tf fstruture?

5 C`tradua;

5 Itada df fhejarea;

5 Daluif`tas df Zfnfr`lce;

5 Rrc`lpcas f Dcrftrczfs;5 Fstruture Arge`czelcaèh de V`cdedf df TC;

5 Zfsuhtedas da RDTC fi fxflua;

5 C`vf`trca df @flfsscdedfs;

5 Rheà df Iftes f df Efs;

5 Rheà df Gfsta df Rfssaes;

5 Rheà Areif`trca df TC;

5 Netarfs Lrtclas df \ulfssa;

5 Ia`ctareif`ta, La`trahf f Zfvcsa da RDTC;

5 La`lhusa.

@as leptuhas sfguc`tfs, veias f`trer fi dftehmfs sajrf lede ui dfssfs fhfif`tas, fstu-

de`da tl`cles f nfrreif`tes df phe`foeif`ta pere fhejar-has.

Guce df Fhejarea df RDTC da \C\R

q5 Vi laòu`ta df la`mflcif`tas df rfnfr`lce sajrf phe`foeif`ta df TC.5 Rralfssa df fhejarea df RDTC da \C\R.

5 @a e `cle ie`fcre.

5 @a ajrcgetrca.

5 Edeptea ea la`tfxta f lepelcdedf df phe`foeif`ta.

A iadfha df rfnfr`lce pertf c`tfgre`tf da Guce df Fhejarea df RDTC da \C\R5. Laia

a prprca àif sugfrf, a guce prapf ui itada pere fhejarea df RDTC, laipasta

par trs nesfs? prfperea, dceg`stcla f phe`foeif`ta (vfr Ncgure 5.3). Rere `s dcdtclas,

veias lmei-ha df pralfssa \C\R dfstf pa`ta fi dce`tf.


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Rrfperea Dceg`stcla Rhe`foeif`ta

F

hejareada

RheàDcrftardf

TflàhagcedeC`nariea

Lejf rfssehter quf a pralfssa \C\R à prftf`df sfr e ifhmar, `fi e `cle ie`fcre df sf

fhejarer ui RDTC. M cìfras autras itadas dcspa`vfcs.

Teiji a ajrcgetrca pere as rgas da Radfr Fxflutcva Nfdfreh? epfès ui

laòu`ta df la`mflcif`tas df rfnfr`lce sajrf phe`foeif`ta df TC. As rgas padfi

fstud-ha f edept-ha df elarda lai e sue rfehcdedf arge`czelcaèh f e sue lepelcdedf df

phe`foeif`ta.

Etarfs da Rralfssa \C\R

qA itada prfv quf sues etcvcdedfs sfoei rfehczedes par trs etarfs (JZ E\CH, :25:j)?5 E eutarcdedf ixcie.

5 A Laict df TC.

5 E fqucpf df fhejarea da RDTC.

Laia a prprca àif sugfrf, e eutarcdedf ixcie a ifijra de ehte edic`cstrea à

`vfh mcfrrqucla iecs ehta de arge`czea. @as ic`cstrcas, sa as ic`cstras. @es euterquces

f nu`defs, larrfspa`dfi eas prfscdf`tfs. Fhe e prc`lcpeh petralcèdare da praofta df

fhejarea df RDTC. @fssf pepfh, fhe dfvfr pravfr rflursas, epraver a Rheà df Trejehma,

taier es dflcsfs iecs ciparte`tfs, df`cr prficsses f dcrftrczfs gfrecs, epraver f pujhclera RDTC, nariehcze`da-a. Tfi ui pepfh lrulceh à praofta f padf nezfr tade e dcnfrfè fi

sfu sulfssa au nrelessa (JZE \CH, :25:j).

A Laict df TC uie ciparte`tf fstruture da scstfie df Gavfrèè df TC. narieda par

rfprfsf`te`tfs des rfes èhstcles f df TC, f tfi e nuà df dcrcgcr, ia`ctarer f evehcer

e gfsta df TC, rfehcze`da a ehc`meif`ta des efs f c`vfstcif`tas df TC lai as ajoftcvas

fstretgclas arge`czelcaècs (JZE \CH, :25:j).

Rar sue vfz, e Fqucpf df Fhejarea da RDTC ui grupa df trejehma fspflcehif`tf narieda

pere a praofta df fhejarea da RDTC, sf`da rfspa`svfh par fxfluter jae pertf des etc-

vcdedfs, au sfoe, e fqucpf quf rfehif`tf pf e ia è iesse. As ifijras de fqucpf

sa dfscgèdas pfha Laict df TC, quf dfvf c`dcler sfrvcdarfs te`ta des rfes èhstclesque`ta de rfe df TC, au sfoe, e fqucpf df fhejarea da RDTC à dfvf sfr laipaste fxlhu-

scveif`tf par sfrvcdarfs de rfe df TC (JZE\CH, :25:j).

Fxfrllca df ncxea 7fRralfssa df fhejarea df RDTC

La`scdfre`da ui àva praofta df fhejarea df RDTC fi sue arge`czea, quf rfes fstercei

f`vahvcdes, c`dcle`da pfssaes pere pertclcper de fqucpf df fhejarea df RDTC1

Ncgure 5.3Nesfs da Rralfssa

df Fhejarea dfRDTC.


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Rralfssa df fhejarea utchczeda `fstf hcvra

Rere fstf lursa, nac nfcte uie edeptea da pralfssa \C\R, sciphcle`da ehguies etcvcdedfs,

edclcaè`da au ehtfre`da autres, lai e èhcdedf df der ui lertfr iecs ttcla ea pheà.

Teiji la`scdfreias laia prficsse quf as fhfif`tas fstretgclas df phe`foeif`ta

dfvfi sfr df`cdas à Rheà Fstretgcla df TC, tfie df autra hcvra pujhcleda pfhe Fslahe

\upfrcar df Zfdfs.

Tuda cssa à laipraiftf e la`naricdedf hfgeh da pheà, pacs fhf la`tcùer edfrf`tf ea

pastuheda e C@ \HTC 24/:252. Rere as phe`foedarfs, iecs uie apa df itada pere

rfehczer ui RDTC. @as prxcias leptuhas, fstuderfias as dftehmfs df lede uie des nesfs

da pralfssa df fhejarea df RDTC, c`clce`da pfhe nesf df prfperea.

Nelchctedarfs de Gavfrèè df TC

F`trf as prc`lpcas da phe`foeif`ta quf fstudeias e`tfrcarif`tf, m a prc`lpca de iecar

cù`lce f ejre`g`lce? A phe`foeif`ta dfvf pravaler iudeès ès lereltfrstcles f etc-

vcdedfs df uie arge`czea (AHC^FCZ E, :25:). Cssa scg`cle quf as pheàs sa c`struif`tas

df iudeè arge`czelcaècs.

Rari, fi rfhea ea phe`foeif`ta df TC, a quf iude è arge`czea1 E ciphe`tea df

quehqufr pheà df TC pravale iudeès às nelchctedarfs de gavfrèè df TC , ui la`lfcta

da nreifwark LAJCT 6.

As nelchctedarfs de gavfrèè df TC sa rflursas arge`czelcaècs pere gavfrèè, tecs

laia nreifwarks, prc`lpcas, fstrutures, pralfssas f prtcles, etrevs das quecs, au pere as

quecs, e ea dcrcgcde f as ajoftcvas padfi sfr ehleèdas. Teiji c`lhufi as rflursas

df sfrvcas df TC (c`nrefstruture df TC, ephcletcvas ftl.), pfssaes f c`nariefs. \a netarfs

quf, c`dcvcduehif`tf f lahftcveif`tf, cùf`lcei e gavfrèè df TC (C\ELE, :25:).

@fstf hcvra, veias utchczer es letfgarces prapastes pfha LAJCT6 pere cdf`tcler as fhf-

if`tas de TC quf sanrfra iudeès dflarrf`tfs de rfehczea da pheà.

A LAJCT 6 prapf sftf letfgarces df nelchctedarfs, sc`tftczedas è Tejfhe 5.4 f chustredas e sfgucr.


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Rrc`lpcas,pahtcles

f nreifwarks

Rralfssas

C`nariea

Luhture, tcle flaiparteif`ta

Fstrutures

arge`czelcaècs

Rfssaes,mejchcdedfs f

laipft`lces

\frvcas,

c`nrefstruturef ephclefs

Nelchctedar Dfslrca

Rrc`lpcas, pahtcles f nreifwarks \a c`struif`tas pere treduzcr a laiparteif`ta dfsfoeda pfhe ehte edic-`cstrea fi uie arcf`tea prtcle pere a latcdceà de gfsta.

Rralfssas Dfslrfvfi ui laòu`ta arge`czeda df prtcles f etcvcdedfs pere ehleèrlfrtas ajoftcvas f praduzcr ui laòu`ta df rfsuhtedas pere epacer a etc`gc-if`ta des iftes rfhelcaèdes TC.

Fstrutures arge`czelcaècs \a es prc lcpecs f`tcdedfs df taiede df dflcsa uie arge`czea.

Luhture, tcle f laiparteif`ta Rfrtf`lfi eas c`dcvduas f, df narie lahftcve, arge`czea. Nrfquf`tf-if`tf sujfstciedas laia netar df sulfssa ès etcvcdedfs df gavfrèèf gfsta.

C`nariea Rfrifce tade e arge`czea f c`lhuc tade e c`nariea praduzcde f usedepfhe arge`czea. `flfssrce pere ie`tfr e arge`czea fi iavcif`ta fjfi rfguhede, ies ea `vfh apfrelcaèh, iuctes vfzfs a prc`lcpeh pradutade arge`czea.

\frvcas, c`nrefstruturef ephclefs

C`lhufi e c`nrefstruture, tflàhagce f ephcletcvas quf nar`flfi arge`c-zea a pralfsseif`ta f as sfrvcas df TC.

Rfssaes, mejchcdedfsf laipft`lces

Fsta hcgedes s pfssaes, sf`da `flfssrcas pere e la`sflua df tades esetcvcdedfs, e taiede df dflcsfs larrftes f e rfehczea df efs larrftcves.

@e gavfrèè df TC, as pr c`lpcas, es pahtcles f as nreifwarks fsta à lf`tra, pacs

fstejfhflfi f arcf`tei a laiparteif`ta fspfreda pere e gfsta das autras nelchctedarfs.

\a a fhfif`ta lf`treh de gavfrèè df TC.

Rar fxfipha, à lesa de fhejarea da RDTC, fhe dfvf ajfdflfr a pr c`lpca la`stctulcaèh

de flc`lce, dftfricèda pfha ertcga 7 f e C@ \HTC ` 24/:252. F pere

rfehczer a laiparteif`ta fspfreda dftfricèda pfha prc`lpca f pfhes pahtcles, padfias

la`scdfrer es arcf`tefs la`tcdes a nreifwark Guce df Fhejarea df RDTC da \C\R.

Ncgure 5.52

Nelchctedarfs degavfrèè df TC.

Tejfhe 5.4Nelchctedarfs de

gavfrèè df TC.


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As nelchctedarfs de gavfrèè df TC eiphcei e vcsa das rflursas arge`czelcaècs `flfss-

rcas pere nezfr e gavfrèè f e gfsta df TC, pfrictc`da ejardegfi scsticle des etcvc-

dedfs df TC. @fssf sf`tcda, lede nelchctedar?

5 @flfsscte de f`trede df autras nelchctedarfs pere sfr fnft cva (par fxfipha, pralfssas`flfssctei df c`nariefs);

5 F`trfge sedes quf jf`flcei as autras nelchctedarfs (par fxfipha, pralfssas f`trfgeic`nariefs f es mejchcdedfs f as laiparteif`tas nezfi as pralfssas iecs flcf`tfs).

Uue`da ui pheà df TC prfv e ciphe`tea df ui àva sfrv ca df TC, fhf pravale

iudeès à saif`tf à laòu`ta df sfrvcas pr-fxcstf`tf, ies teiji à laòu`ta

das pralfssas, de c`nrefstruture f des ephclefs `flfssrces quf a laipfi. Ehi dcssa,

a àva sfrvca vec rfqufrfr àves laipft`lces des pfssaes quf a rfehczei. Vie iudeè

fi ui dftfricèda laipa`f`tf eleje enfte`da autras laipa`f`tfs.

Rere as phe`foedarfs, a la`lfcta das nelchctedarfs pfrictf quf es efs pere eteler as

prajhfies df TC sfoei df`cdes e pertcr de la`scdfrea des sftf letfgarces. @a àssa

pralfssa df fhejarea, utchczerfias a la`lfcta des letfgarces df nelchctedarfs es nesfs df

prfperea f df dceg`stcla da RDTC.

Fxfrllca df ncxea =fNelchctedarfs de gavfrèè df TC

E pujhclea df ui àva àrietcva laia e C@ \HTC 24/:252 pravale iudeès fi quf

letfgarces df nelchctedarfs1


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: jahscstes pere rfehczer e gfsta de TC. A Dcrftar

da @TC, Guchmfrif Ifha, nac aifeda m dues sfieès pfha rfctar rfli-fipasseda f

f`la`trau ui quedra prflrca df gfsta quf eprfsf`te as sfguc`tfs prajhfies, f`trf autras?

5 As sfrvcas a sa fstruturedas fi elardas df vfh df sfrvcas, fi teipaula gfrf`lcedas;

5 As pralfssas df TC à sa gfrf`lcedas;5 M ler`lce df ephclefs;

5 As sfrvcdarfs à ti laipft`lces df gfsta df TC;5 E c`nrefstruture df TC fst dfnesede fi rfhea s àves tflàhagces;

5 A praoftas df TC à sa gfrf`lcedas, tf`da sfus lustas fstauredas f prezas à luiprcdas;

5 Es la`tretefs df sahufs df TC à fsta fi la`naricdedf lai e C@ \HTC ` 24/:252;

5 A @TC à dcspf df areif`ta prprca;

5 E ciphe`tea da pheà dcrftar df TC :25:/5< a gfrau rfsuhtedas pere e u`cvfrscdedf.

A àva rfctar, Ofr`cia Zcjfcra, prftf`df iuder e etueh sctuea fi rfhea ea usa f

gfsta df TC de arge`czea, ies à sejf par a`df laifer. Guchmfrif sugfrcu laifer

pfhes sfguc`tfs efs?

5 Fhejarea da RDTC;

5 Df`ca da La`sfhma V`cvfrsctrca pere fxfrlfr a pepfh df Laict Fstretgcla df TC;5 Lf`trehczea df tades es equcscfs df TC à @TC;

5 Zfehczea df àvas pralfssas df la`tretefs df sahufs df TC edfrf`tfs C@ \HTC 24/:252.

Ofr`cia la`lardau lai tades es efs, fxlfta uie. Fhf à lau la`vf`lcda de `flfs-

scdedf df fhejarer ui RDTC f pfdcu pere Guchmfrif fstruturer sues cdfces df narie e

oustcler a fsnara df pesser sfieès fhejare`da ui pheà. \fgu`da a rfctar, fre prflcsa

egcr haga f a ler phe`foe`da, pacs mevce iuctas prajhfies pere rfsahvfr. Rhe`foeif`ta,

`fssf la`tfxta, pure pfrde df tfipa, eriau. Ifsia essci, dfu lme`lf pere quf a @TC

sf pasclcaèssf ifhmar sajrf a essu`ta.

Guchmfrif rfu`cu e fqucpf da @TC f sahclctau eoude pere fhejarer ui daluif`ta la`tf`da

as sfguc`tfs fhfif`tas?

5 Ajoftcva de fhejarea da RDTC;

5 Oustcletcve;5 Jf`fnlcas Fspfredas.

\upa`me quf val f sfu grupa df trejehma nezfi pertf da quedra df sfrvcdarfs da @TC f

rfsahvfrei eouder a àva lmfnf e vf`dfr a pfcxf da RDTC pere a rfctar f essci la`sfgucr

petral`ca pere e sue fhejarea. Rere te`ta, prflcsa nezfr uie prapaste dfssfs fhf-

if`tas f eprfsf`t-has ea àva dcrcgf`tf.

Vtchczf a iadfha df Rheà df Trejehma da RDTC la`ste`tf à ep`dclf E dfstf hcvra.

Rar f`que`ta, prff`lme epfès as ctf`s 5, : f < da pheà. As ctf`s rfste`tfs sfra treje-

hmedas a ratfcra df etcvcdedfs da prxcia leptuha.


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:6

Leptuha

:-Nesfdfprfperea

ajoftcvas

la`lfctas

:Nesf df prfperea

Ephcler as pralfssas de nesf df prfperea; Euxchcer a Laict df TC e c`clcer a praofta

df fhejarea da RDTC; Laipcher daluif`tas df rfnfr`lce pere fhejarea da RDTC;

Cdf`tcler prc`lpcas, pahtcles f nreifwarks pere e fhejarea da RDTC; Daluif`ter

prc`lpcas f dcrftrczfs e sfrfi ajsfrvedas è fhejarea da RDTC; Fhejarer ui pheà

df trejehma pere fhejarea da RDTC.

Nesf df prfperea; Rarterce df eutarczea da praofta; Rrc`lpcas, pahtcles

f nreifwarks; Hcste df prc`lpcas f dcrftrczfs; C`vf`trca df `flfsscdedfs;

Rheà df trejehma da RDTC.

C`tradua

qE`tfs df c`clcer e etcvcdedf df phe`foeif`ta fi sc, prflcsa pesser par dues nesfs

da pralfssa df fhejarea?

5 Nesf df prfperea.

5 Nesf df dceg`stcla.

E nesf df prfperea e ftepe c`clceh da pralfssa, è queh sa fstejfhflcdes es la`dcfs

edfquedes pere quf fstf sfoe jfi-sulfdcda. Laia a aif sugfrf, prfperer-sf pere pr

e ia e iesse, arge`cze`da ic`cieif`tf a praofta.

Rar sue vfz, e nesf df dceg`stcla vcse rfu`cr c`nariefs f la`mflcif`ta sajrf e arge`c-

zea df TC quf sfra fssf`lcecs pere e fhejarea da pheà. Treterfias dfsse nesf as

leptuhas < f 4.

Rrfpere`da pere fhejarer a RDTC

q5 Fhejarea da RDTC?5 Dfvf sfr la`duzcde laia ui praofta.

5 prflcsa arge`czer a praofta fi tfrias df ajoftcvas, oustcletcves, prficsses, rfstr c-fs, etcvcdedfs, f`trfges, prezas, lraàgreies, pfssaes f rfspa`sejchcdedfs.

E fhejarea da RDTC dfvf sfr la`duzcde laia ui praofta, csta , ui fiprff`dcif`ta

quf passuc c`lca, ifca f i, luoa prapscta fhejarer ui praduta quf, `fstf lesa, a

Rheà Dcrftar df TC.


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\fguc`da fsse ejardegfi, prflcsa arge`czer a praofta fi tfrias df ajoftcvas, oustcle-

tcves, prficsses, rfstrcfs, etcvcdedfs, f`trfges, prezas, lraàgreies, pfssaes f rfspa`se-

jchcdedfs, la`sahcde`da fssfs fhfif`tas a pheà df trejehma da RDTC.

Ehi da phe`foeif`ta da praofta fhejarea df RDTC, e nesf df prfperea teiji vcse

rfu`cr c`nariefs quf sfrvcra df c`suia pere e nesf df dceg`stcla, tecs laia? a itada

e sfr sfgucda, as daluif`tas df rfnfr`lce e sfrfi eèhcsedas f as prc`lpcas f es dcrftrczfs

e sfrfi ajsfrvedas dure`tf a phe`foeif`ta.

Ehi da pheà df trejehma, fxcstfi autres f`trfges `fste nesf?

5 Vie parterce df eutarczea df c`lca da praofta epravede pfhe eutarcdedf ixcie;

5 Vie laipchea df daluif`tas df rfnfr`lce;

5 Vie hcste df prc`lpcas f autre df dcrftrczfs e sfrfi ajsfrvedas à phe`foeif`ta;

5 A c`vf`trca df `flfsscdedfs, uie hcste df `flfsscdedfs arge`czelcaècs.

Rralfssas de nesf df prfperea

Rere rfehczer es f`trfges lctedes, sa prfslrctas sftf pralfssas pere e nesf df prfperea,

sc`tftczedas è Tejfhe :.5.

Rralfssa Zfspa`svfh

RZF25 Fhejarer e parterce df eutarczea df c`lca da praofta Laict df TC

RZF2: Evehcer f pujhcler parterce df eutarczea df c lca da praofta Eutarcdedf ixcie

RZF2< Fslahmfr itada df fhejarea Fqucpf df fhejarea

RZF24 Laipcher daluif`tas df rfnfr`lce Fqucpf df fhejarea

RZF26 Daluif`ter prc`lpcas f dcrftrczfs Fqucpf df fhejarea

RZF2> Fhejarer pheà df trejehma Fqucpf df fhejarea

RZF27 Evehcer pheà df trejehma Laict df TC

A uxagreie fst chustreda e Ncgure :.5 f ajfdflf ea pedra Jusc`fss Rralfss Iadfhc`g

@atetca` (JRI@), ie`tcda pfhe Ajoflt Ieègfif`t Graup (AIG).

Tejfhe :.5Rralfssas de nesfdf prfperea.


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:7

Leptuha

:-Nesfdfprfperea

Rheà dftrejehma

Rarterce dfeutarczeada praofta

Rarterce dfeutarczeada praofta

(icùte)

Hcste dfdaluif`tasdf rfnfr`lce

Hcste dfprc`lpcas fdcrftrczfs

Rheà dftrejehma(icùte)

RZF2:

Evehcer fpujhcler partercedf eutarczea

RZF25

Fhejarerparterce dfeutarczea

RZF24

Laipcherdaluif`tasdf rfnfr`lce

RZF2

Fhejarerpheà dftrejehma

RZF27

Evehcer apheà dftrejehma

Rrfperea

Fqucpfdffhejarea

LaictdfTC

EutarcdedfIxcie

vfrifhmavfrdf

Ehguies dcles pere hfr larrfteif`tf a dcegreie?

5 Rere nelchcter e cdf`tclea, as pralfssas narei aifedas lai `dclfs?

: RZF? pralfssas df prfperea;

: DG@? pralfssas df dceg`stcla;

: RHE? pralfssas df phe`foeif`ta.

5 As pralfssas fsta rfprfsf`tedas es lecxc`mes laharcdes f pasclcaèdas fi reces,fi uie pcslcè. Lede uie des reces larrfspa`df e ui etar da pralfssa (Eutarcdedf

Ixcie, Laict df TC f Fqucpf df Fhejarea da RDTC). Essci, par fxfipha, a pralfssa

RZF25 Fhejarer parterce df eutarczea fst pasclcaèda è rece lf`treh, quf larrfs-

pa`df ea etar Laict df TC. Cssa qufr dczfr quf a pralfssa rfehczeda par fstf;

5 Es sftes c`dclei a uxa df rfehczea da pralfssa, csta , e sfqu`lce è queh as pra-lfssas sa rfehczedas. Rar fxfipha, e sfte f`trf as pralfssas RZF25 Fhejarer parterce

df eutarczea f RZF2: Evehcer f pujhcler parterce df eutarczea c`narie quf fstf

rfehczeda eps a tricà dequfhf;

5 As pradutas df lede pralfssa fsta rfprfsf`tedas par uie ciegfi df uie nahme dfpepfh lai uie dajre. Rar fxfipha, a pralfssa RZF25 Fhejarer parterce df eutarczea

tfi laia praduta (au sede) a daluif`ta Rarterce df eutarczea df c`lca da praofta;

5 Es jahc`mes df larfs vfrdf f vfrifhme c`dclei, rfspfltcveif`tf, a c`lca f a i da uxa

df pralfssas, laia a pasclcaèif`ta dfhes es reces sugfrf.

Ncgure :.5Nhuxagreie de nesf

df prfperea.


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FhejareadfRDTC

RZF25 Fhejarer parterce df eutarczea df c`lca da praofta

q5 Eutarczea narieh da c`lca da praofta.5 Rarterce df eutarczea df c`lca da praofta.

: Ejre`g`lce.

: Fqucpf da praofta.

: Rfrada df ciphe`tea.

: Hdfr da praofta.

A prcifcra pralfssa de nesf df prfperea tfi a prapscta df fhejarer uie parterce (au

autra c`struif`ta sfifhme`tf) quf eutarczf nariehif`tf a c`lca da praofta df fhejarea

da RDTC. E rfspa`sejchcdedf da pralfssa da Laict df TC .

E parterce df eutarczea df c`lca da praofta scicher ea tfria df ejfrture da praofta,

daluif`ta de nesf df c`clcea df praofta prapasta à Guce RIJAK. Fhe dfscgè a hdfr da

praofta (fstuderfias iecs sajrf fhf edce`tf) f la`lfdf e fstf eutarcdedf pere utchczer as

rflursas de arge`czea è fxflua des etcvcdedfs da praofta.

Essci laia a tfria df ejfrture, e parter ce df eutarczea dfvf ejarder pfha ifàs es

sfguc`tfs qufstfs?

5 Ajoftcvas da praofta;

5 Oustcletcve da praofta;

5 Rertfs c`tfrfssedes (stekfmahdfrs) à praofta f as sfus pepcs f rfspa`sejchcdedfs;

5 Fxpfltetcves des pertfs c`tfrfssedes;5 Cdf`tclea da hdfr f de fqucpf da praofta;

5 Rrficsses;

5 Zfstrcfs;5 Lraàgreie df ierlas da praofta.

E parterce fhejarede pfha Laict df TC, quf padf rflfjfr a epaca de rfe df TC. Essci quf

fstcvfr pra`te, e parterce f`vcede pere e eutarcdedf ixcie, quf cr evehcer f pujhcl-he,

sf ouhger la`vf`cf`tf.

Rere rfehczer fssf pralfssa, ehguies dflcsfs prflcsei sfr taiedes pfha Laict df

TC. Es iecs ciparte`tfs sa rfhetcves e dues prficsses da praofta (e ejre`g`lce f

a pfrada df ciphe`tea da RDTC) f s pfssaes da praofta (dfscgèr a gfrf`tf da

praofta f df`cr e fqucpf df fhejarea da RDTC).

Fxfrllca df `cvfheif`ta 5fEutarczea df praoftas

Laia nfcte e eutarczea das praoftas e sue arge`czea1 A c`lca das praoftas sa nar-

iehif`tf eutarczedas1


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:-Nesfdfprfperea

Ejre`g`lce

@a prcifcra leptuha dfstf hcvra, fstudeias es dcif`sfs da phe`foeif`ta. E ejre`g`lce

uie dfhes f larrfspa`df eas sftarfs au u`cdedfs de arge`czea quf sfra f`vahvcdas à

pheà f pere as quecs fstf tfr fnfctas. Rar cssa, df`cr e ejre`g`lce scg`cle dfhcicter es

rfes quf sanrfra iadclefs fi sues lereltfrstcles f etcvcdedfs par la`te de fxflua

da pheà (vfr sfa Rrc`lpcas da Rhe`foeif`ta a leptuha 5). E ejre`g`lce padf sf hcicter

e (JZE\CH, :25:j)?

5 Tada rga au f`tcdedf, c`lhuc`da sues f`tcdedfs vc`luhedes;

5 Tada rga au f`tcdedf, fxlhuc`da sues f`tcdedfs vc`luhedes;

5 V`cdedfs rfgcaècs da rga;

5 Autra fslapa quf sf iastrf la`vf`cf`tf.

Laia fxfipha, a RDTC da Ic`cstrca da Rhe`foeif`ta, Areif`ta f Gfsta (IR) padfrce

ejre`gfr tadas sfus rgas sujardcèdas, fxlftue`da-sf e \flrfterce df Areif`ta

Nfdfreh (\AN) f e \flrfterce df Retrci`ca de V`ca (\RV). Cssa qufr dczfr quf lede ui

dfssfs rgas tfrce df fhejarer fi sfpereda a sfu prprca pheà.

A teie`ma de arge`czea ui netar e sfr la`scdfreda `fsse dflcsa. Uue`ta iecar e

arge`czea, iecs dcnlch phe`foer. Es dcluhdedfs, `fssf lesa, fsta è lahfte f è la`sahc-

dea des c`nariefs.

Rar cssa, a Laict dfvfr taier e dflcsa quf elmer iecs la`vf`cf`tf, hfve`da fi la`scdf-

rea a teie`ma de arge`czea f teiji autres vercvfcs da la`tfxta arge`czelcaèh.

Rfrada df ciphe`tea

Ehi de ejre`g`lce, autre dcif`sa e sfr dflcdcde a tfipa df phe`foeif`ta, au sfoe, a

pfrada df ciphe`tea da RDTC, quf padf sfr df idca au ha`ga preza.

A pfrada i`cia rflaif`deda df dacs eàs, vcsta quf a areif`ta df ui fxfrllca dfvf

sfr fstcieda lfrle df acta ifsfs e`tfs df sfu c`lca (JZE\CH, :25:j). Essci, ui pfrada eùeh

à sulcf`tf pere mevfr fssf sc`lra`csia f`trf a phe`foeif`ta areif`trca f a RDTC.

Fijare a pfrada passe ejre`gfr dacs au iecs eàs, e rfvcsa da pheà dfvf ela`tflfr e

lede eà, df iada e etuehczer dcrftrczfs, pheàs f, prc`lcpehif`tf, la`sahcder e prapaste

areif`trce df TC pere a fxfrllca sfguc`tf (JZ E\CH, :25:j). Dure`tf ui eà, a la`-

tfxta arge`czelcaèh sanrf iudeès pahtcles, flaìcles ftl. A pheà, par sue vfz, dfvf

teiji iuder df narie e rfftcr fsses iudeès, sf à sf tarè c`vcvfh.

Fqucpf df fhejarea

Autre dflcsa e sfr taiede sajrf as ifijras de fqucpf da praofta, au sfoe, es pfssaesquf va rfehif`tf lahaler e ia è iesse. Fsse uie dflcsa iucta ciparte`tf, pacs

tfi gre`df cù`lce e quehcdedf da praduta èh, a pheà.

@a pralfssa df fhejarea df RDTC, e fqucpf df fhejarea df RDTC rfspa`svfh pfhe rfe-

hczea de iecarce das pralfssas, taie`da iuctes dflcsfs df phe`foeif`ta f prapa`da

ehguies fslahmes fstretgcles rfhetcves ea usa f gfsta de TC è arge`czea. Dfssf iada,

rflaif`de-sf quf e fqucpf sfoe nariede par pfssaes des dcvfrses rfes arge`czelcaècs,

ehi da pfssaeh df TC. ciparte`tf quf fsses pfssaes la`mfei es etcvcdedfs èhstcles f

e luhture de arge`czea, ehi df tfr la`mflcif`ta jscla sajrf TC.

Fi gfreh, a RDTC tfivehcdedf df dacs eàs fgfrehif`tf rflfjf àttuha da daluif`ta aseàs larrfspa`df`tfse fssf pfrada, laia,par fxfipha? RheàDcrftar df Tflàhagcede C`nariea:255-:25:.

h


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C`strua @ariet cve\HTC/IR 24/:252

Dcspf sajrf a pralfssa df la`tretea df \ahufs df Tflà-hagce de C`nariea pfhas rgas c`tfgre`tfs da \cstfie df Edic-`cstrea das Zflursas df C`nariea f C`naritcle (\C\R) da RadfrFxflutcva Nfdfreh.

DZ7 C`strua @arietcveG\C/RZ ` 5/:22=

Dcslcphcè e Gfsta df \fgureè de C`nariea f Laiu`clefs èEdic`cstrea Rjhcle Nfdfreh, dcrfte f c`dcrfte.

DZ= @ate Tl`cle \FNTC/TLV : Dcspf da usa da Rrfga pere equcsca df jf`s f sfrvcas df Tflà-hagce de C`nariea.

DZ3 Guce df Fhejarea dfRDTC da \C\R

Daluif`ta de \flrfterce df Hagstcle f Tflàhagce de C`nariea. IRquf dcspf sajrf as pedrfs, arcf`tefs, dcrftrczfs f tfiphetfs pere

fhejarea da Rheà Dcrftar df Tflàhagce de C`nariea.

DZ52 C\A/CFL :7225 f :722: @aries df \fgureè de C`nariea

DZ55 LAJCT, CTCH, LIIC Jaes prtcles df ifrleda pere sfrvcas, dfsf`vahvcif`ta df scstfiesf gavfrèè.

DZ5: f-RC@G Redrfs df C`tfrapfrejchcdedf df Gavfrà Fhftr`cla.

DZ5< f-IEG Iadfha df Elfsscjchcdedf df Gavfrà Fhftr`cla.

DZ54 RDTC E`teq :252-:255 Rheà Dcrftar df Tfl ahagce de C`nariea vcgf tf fi :252-:255.

DZ56 RHAE :25: Rrapaste df Hfc Areif`trce Eùeh lai prfvcsa df dfspfses prf-vcstes pere a fxfrllca :25:.

Ehi de prfperea de hcste, c`tfrfsse`tf quf as tadas daluif`tas sfoei rfu`cdas fi

ui haleh df nlch elfssa f laipertchmedas lai tadas as ifijras de fqucpf. Cssa padf sfr

nfcta ifdce`tf a usa df tflàhagces tecs laia sfrvcdarfs df erqucvas, sctfs wckc, laipertc-

hmeif`ta df erqucvas fi ùvfi ftl.

Tejfhe :.


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Fxfrllca df ncxea :fDaluif`tas df rfnfr`lce

Uuecs daluif`tas padfrcei sfr utchczedas laia rfnfr`lce pere fhejarer a RDTC

df sue arge`czea1

RZF26 Daluif`ter prc`lpcas f dcrftrczfs

Dflcsfs df phe`foeif`ta?

5 prflcsa ajsfrver e lafr`lce de dflcsa lai as prc`lpcas f dcrftrczfs arge`czelcaècs.

q@es dflcsfs df phe`foeif`ta, ciparte`tf ajsfrver e lafr`lce dfstes lai as prc`l-pcas f es dcrftrczfs arge`czelcaècs. Rar fxfipha, fssf`lceh vfrcler sf uie ea fst

df elarda lai e hfgcshea, sf lafrf`tf lai as ajoftcvas arge`czelcaècs prapastas

au lai ehguie dcrftrcz df gavfrà. Ehi dcssa, dure`tf e nesf df dceg`stcla padfra

surgcr `flfsscdedfs df TC e pertcr das prc`lpcas f dcrftrczfs.

Ies laia dfslajrcr as prc`lpcas f es dcrftrczfs1 Uueh e dcnfrfè f`trf fhfs1

Rere rfspa`dfr fsses qufstfs, veias fstuder ui paula iecs uie letfgarce das nelchcte-

darfs de gavfrèè df TC da LAJCT 6? prc`lpcas, pahtcles f nreifwarks.

Rrc`lpcas, pahtcles f nreifwarks

Zfhfijre`da a quf o nac dcta à prcifcra leptuha? prc`lpcas, pahtcles f nreifwarks sa

as c`struif`tas pere treduzcr a laiparteif`ta dfsfoeda pfhe ehte edic`cstrea ùie

arcf`tea prtcle pere a latcdceà de gfsta (C\ELE, :25:). Fhfs teiji laiu`clei a quf

sf fspfre de gfsta df TC.

As prc`lpcas laiprff`dfi as veharfs f prficsses nu`deif`tecs dfnf`dcdas pfhe arge-

`czea, es lrfès quf arcf`tei f lahalei hcictfs à pralfssa df taiede df dflcsa, è

laiu`clea df`tra f nare de arge`czea, às lucdedas fi rfhea eas etcvas df praprcf-

dedf df tfrlfcras. Fhfs dfvfi sfr hcictedas fi ìfra f fxprfsser as veharfs lf`trecs de

arge`czea uie hc`guegfi sciphfs f lhere (C\ELE, :25:). Fxfiphas df prc`lpcas?

5 As prc`lpcas de edic`cstrea pjhcle dftfricèdas à ertcga ` 7? phe`foeif`ta, laardfèa, dfslf`trehczea, dfhfgea df laipft`lce fla`trahf (JZE\CH, 53>7);

5 As prc`lpcas de Edic`cstrea Rjhcle dfslrctas e Hfc ` 3.7=4/5333? hfgehcdedf, èhc-dedf, iatcvea, rezaejchcdedf, praparlcaèhcdedf, iarehcdedf, eiphe dfnfse, la`tredc-

trca, sfgureè ourdcle, c`tfrfssf pjhcla f flc`lce (JZE\CH, 5333);

5 As prc`lpcas de gavfrèè larparetcve df TC prapastas pfhe àrie EJ@T @JZ C\A/CFL


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7

Dcrftrcz Dfslrca Na`tf

D25 Zfssehvedas as lesas fspflcncledas è hfgcshea, es ajres, sfrvcas,laipres f ehcfèfs sfra la`tretedas ifdce`tf pralfssa df hclcteapjhcle quf essfgurf cguehdedf df la`dcfs e tadas as la`larrf`tfs,lai lhusuhes quf fstejfhfei ajrcgefs df pegeif`ta, ie`tcdes esla`dcfs fnftcves de prapaste, às tfrias de hfc, a queh saif`tf pfr-ictcr es fxcg`lces df quehcnclea tl`cle f flaìcle c`dcspf`svfcs gere`tce da luiprcif`ta des ajrcgefs.

La`stctuca Nfdfreh,ert. 7, ert. 7

D24 Edater as pedrfs df c`tfrapfrejchcdedf df Gavfrà Fhftr`cla (f-RC@G). Rarterce \HTC/IR ` 6,df 54 df ouhma df :226

D26 La`vi quf as dcrcgf`tfs evehcfi rfguherif`tf et quf pa`ta e TCluiprf lai es ajrcgefs (rfguheif`terfs, hfgcshetcves, hfgecs f la`tre-tuecs), pahtcles c`tfrès, aries f ifhmarfs prtcles prancsscaècs.

EJ@T @JZ C\A/CFL Edic cstrer es etcvcdedfs ncè`lfcres rfhelcaèdes TC ès nu`fs df

`fglca f df TC, ejre`gf`da areif`ta, gfsta df lustas f jf`fnlcas fprcarczea df gestas, ifdce`tf a usa df prtcles nariecs df areif`taf df ui scstfie ousta f fquctetcva df ehalea df lustas pere e fiprfse.La`suhter es pertfs c`tfrfssedes pere cdf`tcn cler f la`traher as lustas fas jf`fnlcas tatecs à la`tfxta das pheàs fstretgclas f ttclas df TC fc`clcer efs larrftcves que`da flfssrca.

LAJCT 6, pralfssa

ERA2>.

@a saif`tf è nesf df prfperea, ies fi quehqufr tfipa, àvas prc`lpcas f

dcrftrczfs, que`da cdf`tcledas, dfvfi sfr edclcaèdas hcste.

Tejfhe :.4Fxfipha df hcste df

prc`lpcas.

Tejfhe :.6Fxfipha df hcste df

dcrftrczfs.


56/152

42

FhejareadfRDTC

C`vf`trca df `flfsscdedfs

Dure`tf e dfslajfrte das pr c`lpcas f dcrftrczfs, iuctes vfzfs ela`tflf df sfrfi cdf`tc-

ledes es prcifcres flfsscdedfs au prajhfies. Fsses `flfsscdedfs padfi surgcr de e`hcsf

das daluif`tas df rfnfr`lce.

Rar fxfipha, supa`me quf dure`tf e hfcture de C@ \HTC ` 24/:252, e fqucpf dfslujre quf a

etueh pralfssa df gfsta df la`tretas à fst la`narif e àrie. Dcssa rfsuhte e `flfssc-dedf df rfvcser a etueh pralfssa, de`da-hmf la`naricdedf hfgeh. Fsse `flfsscdedf prflcse

sfr rfgcstrede fi ehgui daluif`ta, laia a c`vf`trca df flfsscdedfs.

E fqucpf nez a rfgcstra des flfsscdedfs, la`narif a fxfipha de Tejfhe :.>.

@flfsscdedf Dfslrca Tcpa

@225 Edfquea da pralfssa df gfsta df la`tretas arieC@ IR/\HTC ` 24/:252.

Luiprcif`ta df prc`lpcasf dcrftrczfs.

@22: Zfehczea df eudctar ces c`tfr es das pralfssas df TC,vcse`da vfrcncler e la`naricdedf hfgeh.

Luiprcif`ta df prc`lpcasf dcrftrczfs.

@22< Edaa df prtcles df gfsta areif`trce. Luiprcif`ta df prc`lpcasf dcrftrczfs.

Fssf quedra e narie iecs sciphfs df fstruturer a c`vf`trca df `flfsscdedfs. Ehi das

leipas dfslrctas, padfi sfr utchczedas autras, laia?

5 rfe dfie`de`tf;

5 rfes f`vahvcdes;

5 Fsteda etueh de `flfsscdedf (c`fxcstf`tf, prflrca, sulcf`tf, jai au fxlfhf`tf);5 Letfgarce ftl.

Fxfrllca df ncxea 4fRrc`lpcas f dcrftrczfs@e fhejarea da RDTC, quecs sa es la`sfqu`lces df fhejarer ui pheà sfi la`scdfrer as

prc`lpcas f dcrftrczfs1

RZF2> Fhejarer pheà df trejehma

q5 Rheà da praofta df fhejarea df RDTC.5 Df`cfs df fslapa, preza, lusta, rfspa`sejchcdedfs f pertfs c`tfrfssedes.5 La`tfda i`cia rflaif`deda.

5 ^cejchcdedf da pheà.

\f qucsfrias gfrf`lcer e fhejarea da RDTC laia ui praofta, prflcsa prcifcra phe`foer

laia fhf sfr fxfluteda, au sfoe, df`cr as pradutas e sfrfi f`trfgufs, es etcvcdedfs e

sfrfi rfehczedes, as prezas, es pfssaes f`vahvcdes f sues rfspa`sejchcdedfs, es pertfs

c`tfrfssedes a sulfssa, f`trf autras fhfif`tas. Fsses df`cfs sa fssf`lcecs pere quf a

praofta sfoe jfi-sulfdcda.

C`vf`trca df

`flfsscdedfs

a daluif`ta pererfgcstrer tades es`flfsscdedfs quf sa

dfslajfrtes dure`tfes nesfs df prfpereaf, prc`lcpehif`tf, dfdceg`stcla.

Tejfhe :.>Fxfipha dfc`vf`trca df`flfsscdedfs.


57/152

45

Leptuha

:-Nesfdfprfperea

Rheà df trejehma

Tecs df`cfs sa nfctes à pheà df trejehma da RDTC, daluif`ta praduzcda pfhe fqucpf

df fhejarea df RDTC. Rere equfhfs neichcerczedas lai es prtcles df gfrf`lceif`ta df

praoftas, a pheà df trejehma ui pheà df praofta sciphcleda, edfqueda s flfsscdedfs

df gfrf`lceif`ta da praofta df fhejarea da RDTC .

Ifsia essci, sfu la`tfda padf vercer df elarda lai e laiphfxcdedf da praofta. Rari, rflaif`dvfh quf la`tf`me es c`nariefs i`cies, sc`tftczedes è Tejfhe :.7 (JZE\CH, :25:j).

\fa Dfslrca

5. Ajoftcva A prapscta e sfr ehleèda lai a praofta, au sfoe, a RDTC pujhcleda.

:. Oustcletcve As erguif`tas quf oustcn clei e fhejarea df ui RDTC.

. Fqucpf df fhejareada RDTC

Hcste lai as ifijras de fqucpf df fhejarea da RDTC f sfus pepcs, dfnc`cdeè parterce df eutarczea df c`lca da praofta.

7. Rertfs c`tfrfssedes Rfssaes f arge`czefs, laia lhcf`tfs, petralc edarfs, arge`czefs fxflutaresf a pjhcla, quf fstfoei dcrfteif`tf f`vahvcdes à praofta au luoas c`tfrfssfspassei sfr enftedas df narie pasctcve au `fgetcve pfhe fxflua au pfhatricà da praofta. Rar fssf iatcva, fhes padfi fxfrlfr c`nhu`lce pasctcve au`fgetcve sajrf a praofta f sues f`trfges (RIC, :22=).

=. Itada df fhejarea Tre`slrca da itada fslahmcda e rfehczea da pralfssa RZF2< Fslahmfritada df fhejarea.

3. Hcste df daluif`tasdf rfnfr`lce

Tre`slrca hctfreh de hcste df daluif`tas df rfnfr`lce fhejarede a pralfssaRZF24 Laipcher Daluif`tas df Zfnfr`lce.

52. Rrc`lpcas f dcrftrczfs Tre`slrca hctfreh des hcstes df prc lpcas f df dcrftrczfs fhejarede à pralfssaRZF26 Daluif`ter Rrc`lpcas f Dcrftrczfs.

55. Lraàgreie Es detes phe`foedes pere rfehczer es etcvcdedfs da praofta f pere et c gcr asierlas dfstf.

E Tejfhe :.= dfslrfvf ui fxfipha df ui lraàgreie df pheà df trejehma. @fhf, lede etcvc-dedf da lraàgreie larrfspa`df e ui pralfssa des nesfs df dceg`stcla f phe`foeif`ta.

Es fstcietcves df prezas à sfr vfi df periftra pere ui pheà rfeh.

Etcvcdedf Zfspa`svfh Dete c`clceh Dete ncèh

5. Evehcer as rfsuhtedas da RDTC fi fxflua Fqucpf df fhejarea ::/=/5< :4/=/5 Fhejarer a pheà df trejehma

Rar htcia, tfric`f a pheà df trejehma da RDTC, laiphfte`da as ctf`s rfste`tfs. Ajsfrvf a

preza èh da praofta dftfricèda è parterce pere fhejarer a lraàgreie.


63/152

47

Leptuha

7

Leptuha

4-Nesfdfdceg`stcla?evehce

`daasrflursasdfTC

Lai jesf fi daluif`tas f f`trfvcstes, e fqucpf vfrcle sf e c`nrefstruture dcspa`vfh suparte

e etueh dfie`de f e dfie`de prfvcste pere a pfrada df ejre`g`lce da RDTC. E fqucpf cdf`tc-

le es flfsscdedfs df iudeè e c`nrefstruture f rfgcstre à c`vf`trca df flfsscdedfs.

Es `flfsscdedfs df c`nrefstruture df TC dflarrfi df?

5 @flfsscdedfs df sfrvcas cdf`tcledes e`tfrcarif`tf;

5 Etuehczea da lethaga df sfrvcas df TC;5 Iudeès pravaledes par apartu`cdedfs df usa df àves tflàhagces;

5 Efs pere fvcter au ictcger rcslas df ajsahfsl`lce, dfsla`tcùcdedf f nehmes tl`clesè c`nrefstruture, df dfpf`d`lce df nar`flfdarfs f df fxpasca e sc`cstras ftl.

5 Es `flfsscdedfs hfve`tedes è evehcea de c`nrefstruture sa rfgcstredes à c`vf`trcadf flfsscdedfs, la`narif a fxfipha da Tejfhe 4.:.

@flfsscdedf Dfslrca Tcpa

@2:< Zfàvea da perquf df laiputedarfs dfsktap, atfjaaks f tejhfts. C`nrefstruture

@2:4 La`strua df uie sehe-lanrf. C`nrefstruture

@2:6 C`stehea df fqucpeif`tas df rfdf sfi nca fi tada a leipus. C nrefstruture

@2:> Euif`ta de lepelcdedf df trnfga df rfdf. C`nrefstruture

Fxfrllca df ncxea :fC`nrefstruture df TC

\upa`me quf fxcstf e `flfsscdedf df ciphe`ter ui àva sfrvca df f-iechs fi sue arge`c-

zea. Cssa ciphcle fi quf `flfsscdedf df c`nrefstruture1

DG@2= Cdf`tcncler `flfsscdedfs df pfssaeh

q5 Evehcea da que`tctetcva f da quehctetcva df pfssaeh.5 Cdf`tclea df ler`lces df pfssaes f laipft`lces.

5 E`hcsf df daluif`tas.

5 Cdf`tclea f rfgcstra df `flfsscdedfs.

Fijare iuctas sfrvcas df TC passei sfr laiphfteif`tf eutaietczedas, sfiprf sa

`flfssrces pfssaes laipftf`tfs f fi que`tcdedf sulcf`tf pere ia`ctar-has f ie`t-hasfi nu`lcaèif`ta, etf`df`da as `vfcs df sfrv cas fstejfhflcdas à E@\.

Rar cssa, pere etf`dfr es `flfsscdedfs etuecs f nutures par sfr vcas df TC, e fqucpf nez uie

evehcea de que`tcdedf df pfssaeh flfssrce (que`tctetcva), jfi laia des laipft`lces

e sfrfi dfsf`vahvcdes (quehctetcva), vcse`da cdf`tcler `flfsscdedfs df pfssaeh. Rere fsse

terfne, es prc`lcpecs na`tfs df c`nariea sa (JZ E\CH, :25:j)?

5 Rahtcles f pralfssas df pfssaeh df TC;

5 Daluif`tas quf dfslrfvei a que`tctetcva df pfssaeh df TC (sfrv cdarfs, laicsscaèdas,tfiparrcas f tfrlfcrczedas);

Tejfhe 4.:Fxfiphas df

`flfsscdedfs dfc`nrefstruture.


84/152

>=

FhejareadfRDTC

5 Rheàs df Lepelctea;

5 Iepfeif`ta df laipft`lces.

Rere cdf`tcler es `flfsscdedfs df pfssaeh fi pralfssas df TC, padf-sf rfehczer ui hfve`te-

if`ta à ijcta da Laict df TC, pfsqucses lai qufstca`rcas, f`trfvcstes lai es dcvfrses

rfes f`vahvcdes, f`trf autras (JZ E\CH, :25:j).

Rere lede sfrvca, dfvf-sf vfrcler sf m pfssaeh fi que`tcdedf sulcf`tf pere prfst-ha.

Radfi surgcr de `flfsscdedfs df euif`ta, rfdua au rfehalea df pfssaes da quedra

df pfssaeh df TC.

Ehi dcssa, prflcsa vfrcler sf es pfssaes f`vahvcdes sa laipftf`tfs pere gfrf`lcer as

pralfssas f as rflursas df TC (c`nrefstruture f ephclefs) `flfssrcas pere a sfrvca. Dcssa

surgfi `flfsscdedfs df lepelctea df pfssaes.

Es `flfsscdedfs padfi teiji surgcr des `flfsscdedfs rfhetcves arge`czea df TC. Rar

fxfipha, sf e `flfsscdedf df ciphe`ter prtcles df gfsta df sfrvcas df TC nac cdf`tclede,

dfhe sf arcgcèr e `flfsscdedf df lepelcter pfssaes `fssf tfie.

@a c`vf`trca df `flfsscdedfs dfvfi sfr rfgcstredes es `flfsscdedfs cdf`tcledes,

la`narif a fxfipha de Tejfhe 4.


85/152

>3

Leptuha


`daasrflursasdfTC

Essci, `flfssrca rier la`tretas lai nar`flfdarfs fxtfràs df narie e gere`tcr e

prfstea df sfrvcas. Fssfs la`tretas sa la`lfctuedas è jcjhcatfle CTCH laia la`tretas

df epaca (V`dfrpc``c`g La`trelts VL). As la`tretas df epaca fstejfhflfi iftes, dcrfctas

f dfvfrfs f`trf e u`cdedf df TC f ui nar`flfdar fxtfrà quf, par sue vfz, prav pradutas

f sfrvcas pere epacer e f`trfge df sfrvcas pere as lhcf`tfs de u`cdedf df TC . A la`treta

df epaca df`f iftes f rfspa`sejchcdedfs `flfssrces pere luiprcr es iftes df `vfcs df

sfrvca la`tcdas à E@\ (GZF ET JZCTEC@, :227l).

Lejf rfssehter quf teiji padfi sfr fstejfhflcdas elardas f`trf e u`cdedf df TC f as

nar`flfdarfs c`tfràs de arge`czea, tecs laia es u`cdedfs quf lucdei des c`stehefs

prfdcecs, rfnrcgfrea f f`frgce fhtrcle. @fstf lesa, a tfria utchczeda à CTCH Elarda df

@vfh Apfrelcaèh (Apfretcaèh Hfvfh Egrffif`t AHE) (GZFET JZCTEC@, :227j).

@fssf pralfssa, e fqucpf evehce f cdf`tcle es `flfsscdedfs rfhetcves la`tretefs df sahufs

df TC, rfgcstre`da es flfsscdedfs a c`vf`trca df flfsscdedfs. Rere te`ta, `flfssrca

la`mflfr a jscla df la`tretefs df sahufs df TC e Edic`cstrea Rjhcle Nfdfreh (ERN).

La`tretefs df \ahufs df TC è Edic`cstrea Rjhcle Nfdfreh

@e ERN, m e arcf`tea hfgeh à sf`tcda df, sfiprf quf passvfh, la`treter lai tfrlfcras erfehczea des terfnes fxflutcves (fxflua c`dcrfte), df iada quf e Edic`cstrea passe

la`lf`trer-sf es etcvcdedfs df gfsta (phe`foeif`ta, laardfèa, supfrvcsa f la`trahf).

Fsse dftfricèa la`ste a ertcga 52 da Dflrfta-Hfc :22/53>7?

Ert. 52, 7 f =? E fxflua des etcvcdedfs de Edic`cstrea Nfdfreh dfvfr sfr eiphe-

if`tf dfslf`trehczede. [...Y

7? Rere ifhmar dfsc`luijcr-sf des terfnes df phe`foeif`ta, laardfèa, supfrvcsa f

la`trahf f lai a ajoftcva df cipfdcr a lrfslcif`ta dfsifsureda de iqucè edic`cstre-

tcve, e Edic`cstrea pralurer dfsajrcger-sf de rfehczea ietfrceh df terfnes fxflutcves,

rflarrf`da, sfiprf quf passvfh, fxflua c`dcrfte, ifdce`tf la`treta, dfsdf quf fxcste,

è rfe, c`clcetcve prcvede sulcf`tfif`tf dfsf`vahvcde f lepelctede e dfsfipf`mer as

f`lergas df fxflua.

= E ephclea dfssf lrctrca fst la`dclcaède, fi quehqufr lesa, eas dcteifs da c`tf-

rfssf pjhcla f s la`vf`c`lces de sfgureè èlcaèh.

A Dflrfta :.:75/5337 trauxf e tfrlfcrczea df etcv cdedfs ietfrcecs elfssrces, c`struif`-

tecs au laiphfif`terfs eas essu`tas quf la`stctufi rfe df laipft`lce hfgeh da rga

au f`tcdedf (etcvcdedfs-ifca), rfguheif`te`da a dcspasta a Dflrfta-Hfc ` :22/53>7

(JZE\CH, 5337)?

Ert. 5, 5 f :? @a ijcta de Edic`cstrea Rjhcle Nfdfreh dcrfte, eutrqucle f nu`de-

lcaèh padfra sfr ajofta df fxflua c`dcrfte es etcvcdedfs ietfrcecs elfssrces, c`stru-if`tecs au laiphfif`terfs eas essu`tas quf la`stctufi rfe df laipft`lce hfgeh da

rga au f`tcdedf.

5 Es etcvcdedfs df la`sfrvea, hcipfze, sfgureè, vcgch`lce, tre`spartfs, c`naritcle,

lapfcregfi, rflfpa, rfpragree, tfhflaiu`clefs f ieùtfà df prdcas, fqucpe-

if`tas f c`stehefs sfra, df prfnfr`lce, ajofta df fxflua c`dcrfte.

: @a padfra sfr ajofta df fxflua c`dcrfte es etcv cdedfs c`frf`tfs s letfgarces

nu`lcaècs ejre`gcdes pfha pheà df lergas da rga au f`tcdedf, sehva fxprfsse dcspasca

hfgeh fi la`trrca au que`da sf treter df lerga fx tc`ta, tateh au perlcehif`tf, à ijcta da

quedra gfreh df pfssaeh.


86/152


87/152

75

Leptuha


`daasrflursasdfTC

Fxfrllca df ncxea 4fLa`tretefs df sahufs df TC

A dfsf`vahvcif`ta df ui àva scstfie df Gfsta Eledicle pere uie u`cvfrscdedf padf

ciphcler fi quf flfsscdedfs df la`tretefs1

DG@52 La`sahcder `flfsscdedfs

qNesf df dceg`stcla?5 Fxflua df sfus pralfssas nez lrfslfr a c`vf`trca df `flfsscdedfs.: Rar cssa, prflcsa la`sahcder a c`vf`trca df flfsscdedfs, pere rfevehcer flfsscdedfs.

ifdcde quf as pralfssas de nesf df dceg`stcla va sf`da fxflutedas, a la`tfda da

c`vf`trca df `flfsscdedfs vec lrfslf`da f sf tarè`da, è iecarce das lesas, uie fàrif

hcste df `flfsscdedfs.

Rar cssa, prflcsa quf e fqucpf rfehczf uie la`sahcdea da c`vf`trca df `flfsscdedfs pere

rfevehcer tades es `flfsscdedfs cdf`tcledes, ajsfrve`da sf m f`trf fhes (JZE\CH, :25:j)?

5 Zfdu`d`lce;5 C`lafr`lce;

5 Rasscjchcdedfs df egrupeif`ta;

5 C`tfrdfpf`d`lces.

@e la`sahcdea, es flfsscdedfs padfi sfr egrupedes par rfes tfitcles. Vi fxfipha

dfsse prtcle nac utchczede à Rheà df Dfsf`vahvcif`ta df TC :255-:256 de VNZG\, quf

utchczau es sfguc`tfs rfes (JZ E\CH, :255e)?

5 Gavfrèè df TC;

5 @aves Tflàhagces;

5 TCL è Fdulea;

5 Etf`dcif`ta ea Vsurca;

5 Zflursas Muieàs;

5 \fgureè Laiputelcaèh;

5 Laiputea df Ehta Dfsfipf`ma;

5 Zfdf df Laiu`clea (vaz f dedas);

5 \cstfies df C`nariefs;5 C`nrefstruture;

5 Equcsca (fqucpeif`tas, santwerf f la`tretas).

Ehi dcssa, df`tra df lede rfe, es `flfsscdedfs narei lhesscledes ès sfguc`tfs letfga-

rces (JZ E\CH, :255e)?

5 Equcsca;

5 La`strua;

5 La`tretea;


88/152

7:

FhejareadfRDTC

5 Dfsf`vahvcif`ta;

5 Dcvuhgea;5 Ieùtfà;

5 @arietczea;

5 Rralfssas;

5 Zfnarie.Lede arge`czea dfvf evehcer e la`vf`c`lce df egruper es flfsscdedfs par rfe tfitcle

f letfgarces, f edepter tecs fhfif`tas s sues flfsscdedfs df phe`foeif`ta.

Vi fxfipha df la`sahcdea da c`vf`trca df `flfsscdedfs fst la`tcda e Tejfhe 4.6.

@flfsscdedf Dfslrca Tcpa Ajoftcvas fstretgclasessalcedas

@flfsscdedfprcarctrce

@225 Edfquea da pralfssa df gfstadf la`tretas àrie C@ \HTC `24/:252.

Luiprcif`tadf prc`lpcas fdcrftrczfs

F\T23 Ajtfr la`-naricdedf hfgeh daspralfssas df gfsta

\ci

@22: Zfehczea df eudctarces c`tfrèsdas pralfssas df TC, vcse`da vfrc-ncler e la`naricdedf hfgeh.


F\T23 Ajtfr la`-naricdedf hfgeh daspralfssas df gfsta

@a

@22< Edaa df prtcles df gfstaareif`trce.


F\T2: Jusler uiegfsta fnftcvef càvedare

\ci

@224 Edaa df prtcles df gfstadf partnhca.

Ciphe`teada RDTC


@a

@226 Lepelctea df pfssaes fi gfstadf partnhca.

Ciphe`teada RDTC


@a

@22> Lepelctea df pfssaes figfrf`lceif`ta df praoftas.

Ciphe`teada RDTC


\ci

@227 Lepelctea df pfssaes fi dfnc-`ca df c`dcledarfs df gfsta.

Ciphe`teada RDTC


\ci

@22= Lrcea df pec`fh df c`dcledarfsde gfsta df TC.

Ciphe`teada RDTC


\ci

@223 Edaa df prtcles df gfsta dfsfrvcas df TC.

Arge`czeadf TC


\ci

@252 Lrcea df uie ave u`cdedf pererfehczer gfsta df sfrvcas df TC.

Arge`czeadf TC

F\T26 Ifhmarere fstruturearge`czelcaèh


\ci

@255 Lrcea da C`vf`trca df merdwerff santwerf.

Arge`czeadf TC

F\T2< Gere`tcr c`nre-fstruture tflàhgcleedfquede

\ci

@25: Dfnc`ca da iadfha ghajeh dfdedas de arge`czea.

Arge`czeadf TC

F\T2> Rraiavfrifhmarce as pralfssas

edic`cstretcvas

\ci

Tejfhe 4.6Fxfipha dfla`sahcdea dac`vf`trca df`flfsscdedfs.


89/152

7 Rraiavfr

ifhmarce às pra-lfssas edic`cstretcvas

\ci

@256 Rravcif`ta df c`nariefs sajrfe rfehcdedf salcaflaìcle dalarpa dcslf`tf.

C`nariea F\T52 Ifhmarerla`dcfs df fstuda fla`vcv`lce das ehuàs

@a

@25> Rravcif`ta df c`nariefseledicles sajrf ehuàs, pra-nfssarfs, laardfèdarfs, lursas,gredfs lurrcluherfs, dcslcphcès,turies, la`tfdas pragreitclas,pheàs df euhe, gredfs marrces,ietrluhes f mcstrcla fslaher.

C`nariea F\T2> Rraiavfrifhmarce às pra-lfssas edic`cstretcvas

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@257 Rravcif`ta df c`nariefs sajrfas pralfssas sfhftcvas (vfstcjuher)?le`dcdetas, halecs df prave, epu-rea df rfsuhtedas, gfrea dfrfsuhtedas, fxeifs f c`slrcfs.

C`nariea F\T2> Rraiavfrifhmarce às pra-lfssas edic`cstretcvas

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@253 Fvahua da \cstfie df gfstaeledicle.

\frvcas F\T2> Rraiavfrifhmarce às pra-lfssas edic`cstretcvas

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@2:2 Fvahua da Eijcf`tf crtueh dfEprf`dczegfi Iaadhf.

\frvcas F\T2< Gere`tcr c`nre-fstruture tflàhgcleedfquede

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@2:5 Ciphe`tea da Rarteh da Ehuà. \frvcas F\T2> Rraiavfr

ifhmarce às pra-lfssas edic`cstretcvas

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@2:: Eiphcea da \frvca df elfssa rfdf sfi nca.

\frvcas F\T2< Gere`tcr c`nre-fstruture tflàhgcleedfquede

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@2:< Zfàvea da perquf df lai-putedarfs dfsktap, àtfjaaks ftejhfts.

C`nrefstruture F\T2< Gere`tcr c`nre-fstruture tflàhgcleedfquede

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@2:4 La`strua df uie se

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