Elektrik Tesislerinde Koruma - Ders Notu

8/10/2019 Elektrik Tesislerinde Koruma - Ders Notu

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LJL@YQ@ YLTTJLQEIL @KQ\GO

?.) BQ (Bvlejm` vl @krugo @ovrogjor @krugoioe Al`jlele zljjm`jlr)1.) LJL@YQ@ LELQH TTYLGJLQ- QLYG-JLYG-IOMYMG-]@ IXBLJLQ4.) IOMYMG LAL@LJLQ (YY, YE, MY)9.) YOEMGJOQ (OB, ...B^IL,....\E, ME,...).) COYO O@MGMEME LY@JLQ2.) @KQ\GO ]EYLGJLQ IQL@Y YLGOTO @OQM LEIQL@Y YLGOTO @OQM YLCJ@LJ I\Q\G EJLEQ

3.) @KQ\GO @@ BLQJG @\JJOEGO@ (TLJ^, VLJ^, NLJ^)=.) @KQ\GO ]OJMYMGM (XOJOT]KE\)

YLCJ@LJ I\Q\G OXOJYMJMQ,?6.) @KQ\GO O]MQGOTM??.) MY LAL@L @\JJOEGO@ (Vktoesmylj ilebljleglsm vl yojtg `ketrkjju)

COYOJM @MTMG IL^QLILE M@OQYMJMQ?1.) COYO O@MGM OQYYMQMJOQO@

YKVQO@JOGO @KQ\GO JLY@LE

?4.) COYO O@MGM JL @KQ\GO@

?9.)

COYO BLQJG JL @KQ\GO@?.) TBKQYOJOQ

LQ]LE YLJJ (A\KEJ\ AMO@JM) YLQG@ OMDM / QJL GOE]LY@ OMDM / QJL @KEYO@YQ KYKGOY@ TBKQYO (B OEOCYOQM)

?2.) TL@KEILQ @KQ\GO?3.) QJLJLQ?=.) OMQM O@MG QJLT

16.) INLQOET]LJ QJL1?.) GLTONL QJLT11.) TDOIO14.) NQL@OET QJLT19.) OMQM BLQJGL @OQM @KQ\GO1.) OMQM BLQJG QJLJLQ


2/59

?. BQ (Bvlejm` @krugo)

Bvlejm` (Tonlty)0 @krugo (Vrktldtmke)

Bvlejm`0 Ikjoyj-Ikjoysz esoe Coyot `krugo, ]oebeo @or @krugo, Dmcoz `krugo lsosjore

amr coto ilvrlsm smstlgotmm mmeil medljlr, ejlgjlrmem syjlr.

@krugo0 ioco k` ljl`trm` dmcozjoree (blelrotr, tronk, mjltmg cott, lmtjm y`jlr va.) zljjm`jlor o`g vl or blrmjmgjlrile `kruegose medljlr vl `krugo dmcozjore toetr.

@krugoioe Al`jlele zljjm`jlr

o.) Bvlemjmrjm` (rljmoamjmty) 8 Ate orzo trjlrmeil kujsuz ojgo sojoegojir.a.) Tlmdmjm` (sljldtmvmty) 8 Orzoee ay`j vl ylrmel brl, smstlgme tg ilmj yojezdo

orzoj `sg ilvrl i òjgojir.d.) Cz 8 @krugo dmcoz/smstlgm yltlrmedl czj kjgojir

i.) Aosmtjm` vl soiljm` 8 Au dmcozjor, ùjjoeg ylrjlrmel brl mjbmjm/ylt`mjmjlrme oejoyoamjldlmaosmtjm`tl kjgojir.

l.) L`kekgm 8 Dmcoz/smstlg ogodo uybue l`kekgm`jm`tl kjgojir.

1. LJL@YQ@ LELQH TTYLG IXBLJLQ (LAL@LJLQ)

@josm` oejogio ljl`trm` lelrhmsm mjltmg smstlgmem, rltmg-jltmg-Iotg imyl emtljlgl` k` s`òrjojoe amr senjogoir.

Ympm` Yl` Cot lgos

Ljl`trm` Lelrhm Tmstlg Amjllejlrm

Y@LYG(]@JLQ)

JLYG IOMYMGQLYG

4 ~

Ble. Aoro? Yrn? Aoro1 Cot Aoro4 Yrn1 Aoro9 ]`

rltmg jltmg Iotg ]`


3/59

Imlr torontoe medljlele iurug vlyo ajblyl brl smstlgm ioco oyretj senjogo` io gg`eir.Iotgg plmeile y`jlrme bljglsm toammimr. ar torontoe llr soildl rltmgjl mjbmjlemjmr msl,mjltmg vl iotg smstlgjlrm amjl y` kjoro` bz eel ojeoamjmrjlr.

Blrmjmg Tlvmyljlrm 8

Ojo` Blrmjmg(Jkw ^kjtobl)

Krto Blrmjmg(Glimug ^kjtobl)

]`sl` Blrmjmg(Cmbc ^kjtobl)

k` ]B(Lxtro C^)

k` k` ]B(\jtro C^)

\e:? `^ ?- ?66 `^ ?66-116 `^ 116-366 `^ 366 `^ : \e

?=6 / ??6 ^ > 4> `^ >> `^ 49< `^ ?666 `^436 / 116 ^ ?43 `^ 966 `^ ?< `^

Ioj lal`l

4 ~

KB Iotg M

KB Iotg MM

OB Iotg

]B jltmg436 `^rltmg

46 `^

46 / 436 `^

436 / 4< `^

4< / 6,9 `^


4/59

Coj`o lal`l (mnt toronj alsjlele cot)

O (Bzj) lal`l


5/59

Iotg Yronkjor, Gkilj

A

Q T Y

O

Q T Y E4> / 6,9 `^

]@

QT

Y

E

\QT

\TY

\YQ

\Q \T \Y

LLT

L

+

+

+ SQ

ST

SY

4> `^

Q

T

Y

966/146 ^

Q

TYE


6/59

Yronk ]jiz Ek`tos ikruioe tkpro`joeoamjmr, lgplioes zlrmeile tkpro`joeoamjmr vlyo tkpro`toemzkjl limjlamjmr

Q

T

Y

E

\QT

\TY

\YQ

\Q \T \Y

@krugo tkpro`jogos jltgl tkpro`jogos Nke`smyketkpro`jogos

@krugotkpro`jogos

QKQY QY

Yroesnkrgotr Voronuir


7/59

4. IOMYMG LAL@LJLQ (YY, YE, MY)

lal`l Tmstlgjlrm ooio`m `sojtgojorjo `oro`tlrmzl limjgl`tlimr8

?.Corn 8 @oyeoe Ykpro`jogo zljjm`jlrmem bstlrgl`tlimr,

Y 8 Amr ek`toee imrl` kjoro` tkpro`joegoseM 8 Yg o`tmn `sgjore Ykpro`toe yojtjgose vlyo amr ek`toee lgplioes zlrmeile

tkpro`joegose slgakjmzl ltgl`tlimr.

1.Corn 8 Ljl`trm` Dmcozee Bvilsmeme Ykpro`jogo `kujjore bstlrgl`tlimr,

Y 8 Bvileme, `oyeoo omt tkpro`jogoioe aogsz amr l`mjil, imrl` kjoro`tkpro`joegose

E 8 Bvileme, imrl` kjoro` mjltglyl omt tkpro`jogo cotteo aojoegose slgakjmzl

ltgl`tlimr.Oyrdo YElal`lil 8

T 8 Etr (E)vl @krugo (VL)cotjor oyrirD 8 Etr (E) vl @krugo (VL) cotjor krto`tr (VLE)

T (slplrotl 8oyr), D (dkggke8krto`), VL (prktldtmke lortc8 `krugo mjlt`lem) E (etr)

mnoil ltgl`tlimr.

J?J1J4

E]ojtjg etr cott

YY TmstlgmTmstlg etr vl dmcozjor oyr oyr tkpro`joeg


8/59

jlt`le `lsmtjlr ?6 gg1 yl lmt vlyo i` kjoe lal`ljlril YE-T smstlg `ujjoego`gldaurmimr.

J?J1J4

EVL

]ojtjg etr cott

YE-T Tmstlgm@krugo vl etr nke`smykejor oyr mjlt`lejlrjl

VLE

YE-D-T Tmstlgm@krugo vl etr nke`smykejor lal`leme amr ajgeil amrjltmrmjgm

J?

J1

J4]ojtjg etr cott

VL

E


9/59

J?

J1

J4

VLE

YE-D Tmstlgm@krugo vl etr nke`smykejor amrjltmrmjgm

J?

J1

J4

E

Qjl

VL

MY TmstlgmTmstlg etr ojtjg vl dmcozjor tk ro joeg


10/59

9. YOEMGJOQ

Ojo` Blrmjmg 8 Lt`me illrm ?`^ ue ojteio kjoe blrmjmgjlrimr

Y`ltmdm Ylsmsm 8 Y`ltmdmjlrm alsjlgl` mme yopjoe ljl`trm` tlsmsjlrmimr

Y`ltmdm 8 Ljl`trm` lelrhmsmem ljl`trm`slj kjogoyoe imlr lelrhm trjlrmellvmrle dmcozjorir.

jltgl orod 8 Ljl`trm` lelrhmsmeile yororjoego` zlrl ùjjoejoe dmcozjorir.

O`tmn @sg 8 jltgl oseioe blrmjmg ojteio aujueoe vl mjltgl o`gilvrlsmel omt sorb, imrle va. mjlt`le `sgjorir. Vosmn`sgjoro òr "mjltgl mzkjosykeu" mjl yojtjgjorir.

Bvil (Vosmn @sg) 8 jltgl orodee clr oe tlgos limjlamjldl` kjoe, o`tmn

`sgjoreioe mjltgl mzkjosykeu mjl oyrjoe noòt amr mzkjosykecotos skeudu blrmjmg ojteio òjoamjle goilem vl mjlt`le`sgjorir.

]jiz Ek`tos 8 Clrcoebm amr mjltgl ljlgoeee yjiz aoj sorbjoree krtoìg ek`tosir.

Noz jlt`lem 8 @oyeo`jo t`ltmdmjlrm aojoyoe mjlt`lejlrimr, (Q T Y) vlyo (J?J1 J4) kjoro` bstlrmjmrjlr.

Etr jlt`lem 8 nozj smstlgjlril yjiz e`toieioe òe mjlt`leimr (E)vlyo (K) cornm mjl bstlrmjmr.

@krugo jlt`lem 8 Dmcozjor tlgos blrmjmgmel òr `krugo` mme, dmcozbviljlrmem mjltgl tkpro`jogoseo aojoyoe mjlt`leimr. (VLE)mjl bstlrmjmr.

Qk

QY

QTYE

Qlnlroes Ykpro`

\Y \C


11/59

Coto Blrmjmgm (\C) 8 Amr bvil òo (yojtg cotos) kjgos iurugueio, bvil mjlrlnlroes tkpro oroseio kjuoe blrmjmgimr

Ykpro`joyd Blrmjmgm (\L) 8 Amr bvil òo (yojtg cotos) skeudu tkpro`joydioe amrcoto o`g o`gos iurugueio, tkpro`joyd mjl rlnlroes tkprooroseio kjuoe blrmjmgimr

Ylgos Blrmjmgm (\Y) 8 Coto Blrmjmgmeme mesoe vduiu toroneioe `prjlele `sgir

]lryz Vktoesmyljm () 8 Ykpro`joyd mjl rlnlroes tkpro oroseio`m blrmjmg iojgir

Oig Blrmjmgm (\T) 8 Amr òo` kjgos iurugueio, ylryz pktoesmyljmeme mesoe(vlyo doej) oyo`jor oroseio `prjlele `sgir

Coto O`g (MC) 8 Amr yojtg cotos skeudueio, bvil, tkpro` vlyo `krugomjlt`lemeile blle o`gir

@oo` O`g 8 Dmcozjore o`tmn `sgjoreioe, mjltgl mzkjosykeu zlrmeilebviljlrmel blle o`gir.

Ykpro`joyd (Ljl`trki0 L) 8 Ykpro`jo mjlt`le amr aojoet ùrgo` ogodyjo, tkproobgjle mjlt`le gojzlgljlrimr.

Ykpro`jogo 8 Dmcozjore tkpro`joeodo` kjoe `sgjoree (relme,bviljlrmeme) tkpro`jogo tlsmsm zlrmeile, tkpro` vl mjlt`le

aojoetsee yopjgosir.

Qlnlroes Ykpro

\T

L

\L

16 gltrl


12/59

Ykpro`jogo Ylsmsm 8 Amramrjlrmyjl mjlt`le kjoro` aojoeg kjoe, tkpro`jogo cott,

vorso tkpro`jogo aoros vl tkpro`joydjore togogir.

Ykpro`jogo Cott 8 Ylsmsme vlyo mjltgl orojoree vlyo dmcozjore tpro`joeodo`kjoe ajgjlrmem, tkpro`joyd mjl aojoyoe mjlt`leimr.

Qlnlroes Ykpro 8 Amr tkpro`joydioe yltlrm `oior uzo`j`to aujueoe (yo`jo` 16g) vl ylryz pktoesmyljmeme yltlrmedl `` kjiuu tkpro`

Xlgme 8 jltgl orojoree ylrjltmrmjimm vl mesoejore oyo` aost`jorylrimr. Xlgmejl tkpro` oroseio amr blm imrledm sz `keusukjup au imrle lmtjm no`trjlrl aojir.

]oyjgo (Blm) Imrledm 8 Amr tkpro`joyd mjl rlnlroes tkpro oroseio`m blm imrledmimr.

jltgl Ykpro`jogos 8 jltgl orojoree o`tmn `sgjoree vl etr cottee

tkpro`joegosir

@krugo Ykpro`jogos 8 Amr yojtg cotos iurugueio, mesoejor y`sl` tlgosblrmjmgjlrmel `or `krugo` mme mjltgl orojoreebviljlrmeme tkpro`joegosir


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QYQN 8 Yronk Noz Torbsee Imrledm

QCOY 8 jltmg Cott Imrledm

QB? 8 ]ojtg cotosee kjutuu ylril`m blm imrledm

QB1 8 Orzoj mjltgl orod bvilsm mjl mesoe ljm blm imrledm

Q 8 esoe vduiu imrledm

QB4 8 esoe oyoee aost ylril`m oyo` mjl zlgme oroseio`m blmimrledm

QB9 8 Xlgme mjl blrl` tkpro` oroseio`m blm imrledm

Imrledm (QL) Ykproe imrledm

Imrledm (QO) Orzoj mjltgl orodee zlrmeil iuriuu ojtj` imrledm

Imrledm (QB


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l`mj


15/59

l`mj


16/59

l`mj


17/59

zg ?.

o.)Coto o`g ilvrlsmeil`m imrlejlrme tkpjog0

QYKVJOG 7 QC + Q + QB9 + QkQYKVJOG 7 ? +1666 + ?=3 +? 7 1166 Kcg

Coto o`g0

O?,61166

116

Q

\M

YKVJOG

QC 777

Coto Blrmjmgm 8

\C 7 ( Q + QB9) x MC 7 1?=3 x 6,? 7 1?=,3 ^

Ylgos Blrmjmgm 8

\Y 7 Qx MC 7 1666 x 6,? 7 166 ^

a.)]lem iurugio coto o`g ilvrlsmeil`m imrlejlrme tkpjog0

QYKVJOG 7 QC + (Q + QB9 )// QY + QkQYKVJOG 7 ? +(1666 + ?=3)//6.1 +? 7 ? + 6.1 + ? 7 1.1 Kcg

Coto o`g0

O?661.1

116

Q

\M

YKVJOG

QC 777

Coto Blrmjmgm 8

\C 7 ( Q + QB9)x)// QYx MC 7 6.1x ?66 7 16 ^

Ylgos Blrmjmgm 8

^1,?3161?=3

1666\

QQ

Q\ C

9B

Y 77

+7

rel` Vrkajlg 1.)

Ooio l`jm vlrmjle YE-Dlal`lyl aoj dmcozio amr bvil `oo kjgos iurugueio0o-)Coto o`ge, Coto Blrmjmgmem vlYlgos BlrmjmgmemClsopjoyeza-)Bvilym `krugo mjlt`lemel aojoyoe tljme `kpgos iurugueio0 Coto o`ge, CotoBlrmjmgmem vlYlgos BlrmjmgmemClsopjoyez


18/59

zg 1.

Coto o`g ilvrlsmeil`m lillr imrle0

)QQQ//(QQQQ K9BVLE?BCOYYQNYKVJOG ++++7 +

)QQQQ(

)QQQ(x)Q(QQQ

K9BVLE

K9BVLE?BCOYYQNYKVJOG

+++

++++7 +

7+7+7+++

++++7 ?9,6>,6

3,1?==9,1?==x9,6>,6

)9,??=316669,6()9,??=31666(x)9,6(1,69,6QYKVJOG

Coto o`g0

O116?

116

Q

\M

YKVJOG

QC 777

Coto Blrmjmgm 8

\VLE 7 QVLE x MC 7 6,9 x 116 7 33 ^

\VLE7\C+\QK

^3333x9,1?==

1?=3x\

QQQ

QQ\ VLE

K9B

9BC 7

++

+7

Ylgos Blrmjmgm 8

^3633x1?=3

1666x\

QQ

Q\ C

9B

Y 7

+7

Ekt 8 vlrmjglyle imrlejlr mcgojlimjldl`tmr !Xlgme mjl dmcoz bvilsm orosojtj` tog yojt`oeir !

\] 8 116 ^QYQN+COY 8 6,9

QB? 8 6,1 Qm 8 1666 QB9 8 ?=3 Qk 8 ?,9 QVLE 8 6,9

VLE

QYQN

Qk

QB9

QTY

QB?

Qm

Xlgme

QC

QVLE

Ykpro` QL

@krugojlt`lem


19/59

Yoajk S. Tmbkrtojore 13 26 ?1616 3> ?


20/59

>. COYO O@MGMEME LY@JLQ

>.?. O`ge Doejjor zlrmel Lt`mjlrm

Doejjor zlrmeile ljl`trm` o`g blglsm skeudu glyioeo bljldl` lt`mjlr o`g ay`jel vl

lt`m srlsmel brl ooio`m toajk vl l`mjil bstlrmjgmtmr.esoe alilemeile blldl` o`ge ay`j, mmeme vdut imrledmel, tlgos ek`tojoreezljjm`jlrmel, o`g blm srlsmel vl ojtlreotmn o`gio nrl`oeso aojir.esoe vdut imrledm, vdut m imrledm, tlgos ek`tojoreio`m blm imrlejlrm vl blelj kjoro` o`gykju zlrmeil`m imlr imrlejlrile kjuur. Au illrjlr `mmjlrl brl k` nor`j illrjlr ojoamjmrjlr.esoe vdutu tkpjog imrledm 1


21/59

>.1. O`ge ]oebe, Votjogo Ylcjm`ljlrm

Amr coto kjugos iurugueio, mesoe ikùego tlcjm`lsm kjgoso iocm, coto o`g tkpro`jogo vlyo`krugo mjlt`lejlrmeile yo io auejor yk`so lmtjm blm lgplioesjor zlrmeile tkproo amr ykj

aujodo`tr. Blm imrlejlrm zlrmeil kjuodo` s lt`msm yoebe tlcjm`lsmel ykj oor.

Coto o`gee glyioeo bltmrimm lelrhm

R7 Qb.M1.t Rott (Hkujl/s)

kjup , "Qb"blm imrledmem "t" lt`m srlsmem bstlrgl`tlimr. Au lelrhm aljjm amr illrl ujorso"yoebe tlcjm`lsm" kjuoamjmr.

O`ge yoebeo elile kjgos mme le oz >6 R bdl, 6,4 O o`go vl < H (Rs) lelrhmyl mctmyovorir. 116 ^ ju` amr lal`lil sz `keusu illrjlrl brl, le `so lt`m srlsm 34 gs kjoro` aujueur.

Au elilejl coto o`g `lsgl dmcozjoree yltlrmedl cossos vl czj kjgos blrl`mr. Tmbkrto vlyoKtkgotm` Oeoctor bmam or o`g dmcozjor yoebe `krugio yltlrsmz òjgo`toirjor.

Amr aoò tlcjm`ljm iurug msl, `` o`g illrjlrm yoeeio ay` o`g illrjlrm mjl kjuodo` amror` iurugueio msl blel ikjoyj yoebe vl potjoyd ajblil amr potjogo tlcjm`lsm sz `keusukjoamjmr.

>.4. Coto O`gee Dmcozjoro Lt`mjlrm

Ekrgoj kjgoyoe ojgo `kujjore kjuturoe coto o`g, dmcozjor mme il skeuto yoebetlcjm`lsmel vorodo` tlcjm`ljm segojor, vlrmg òya, ojgos izbe kjgoyoe bvlemjglz amr

dmcoz vl skeuto aueue togmrmem blrl`tmrldl` iurug krtoyo òdo`tr.

2.) @KQ\GO ]EYLGJLQ

2.?. IQL@Y YLGOTO @OQM

]opsoj (@kestr`tmn) tliamrjlr ojer. O`to`m tronk vlyo ojt (aojogo) tlsmsjlrmeme lebljjlymdm mt,porgo`j`, iuvor vs mjl oyrjgos, poek bmam iotg ek`tojoreio o`to kjoe doej ajbljlrl lj mjltlgose lebljjleglsm

2.1. LEIQL@Y YLGOTO @OQM

Ylcjm`ljm Iurug ejlemr@krugo @` blrmjmgjlrm ùjjoejr,@krugo yojtg (mzkjosykeu) yopjr

Ylcjm`ljm Iurug Ozojtjr@krugo oyrgos yopjr,MY lal`l ùjjoejr,

Cotoj @sg Ilvrlile òrtjrAuroio lal`leme YY, YE vlyo MY yopio kjgos oyr oyr mriljlegljmimr. Ykpro`jogo vl @krugomjlt`lem ùjjoego` lal`l trel brl oyr elg òzoer. Aueo brl coto o`g ykjueo slrm amr`krugo dmcoz (smstlgm)0


22/59

Coto o`g orttrjoro` ùjjoejr,Coto o`g ùjjoejr,Coto blrmjmgm ùjjoejr.

3. @krugo @` Blrmjmgjlrm @ujjoejgos

Ljl`trm` orpjgojoreo aoj tlcjm`ljlrm ejlgl` mme k`-i` blrmjmg (LJ^) ùjjoejoe tlsmsjlrglvduttur. Auroio blrmjmg slvmylsm OO kjoro`


23/59

=. @krugo ]ojtg (zkjosykeu)

?6. @krugo Oyrgos

Xlgme

]ojtg

J1J4

E

J?

? Gktkr

4

Xlgme

I]ojtg

436/116

G B

1 vlyo4 utu ju

\gox7116

\gox7436 ^

Q

436/116

TY

E

M7?> O

M7?> O


24/59

@krugo oyrgoj amr smstlg, tl`mj amr y` alsjmykr.

Amrmedm orzo iurugu (noz mjlt`lem tkproo tlgos limykr), oedo` amr coto ilvrlsm kjugoieioe cotoo`g o`gykr

Amrmedm orzo iurugueo mjovltle m`medm orzo iurugu , ayjldl amr coto ilvrlsm kjuuykr vl cotoo`g o`ykr

\lal`l7116 ^ \ 7116 ^ ]`

Ykpro`

M]`

]`\lal`l7116 ^ \ 7116 ^

Ykpro`

?.Coto

M]@

MCOYO76

\lal`l7116 ^ \ 7116 ^ ]`

Ykpro`

?.Coto1.Coto

M]`

MCOYO6

M]@ +MCOYO


25/59

??. MY lal`l

lal`l trjlrm ajgeil oejotjoe au lal`l osjeio `krugo oyrgosee ioco blem amruybujogosir. Dmcozjor tl` tl` tkpro`joeoamjmr vlyo amr `krugo mjlt`lemel aojoeoamjmr. ^l tgsmstlg amr i` lgplioes rjlsm zlrmeile `ketrkj limjmr. Xmro m`medm amr coto iurugueio MY smstlgyo YY yo io YE lal`l cojmel iegl`tlimr.

?1. Coto O`g Orttrjoro` Cotoj @sge Ilvrlile `ortjgos

Ykpro`jogo vlyo @krugo jlt`lem `ujjoejoro` kjuodo` amr coto o`g orttrjro`, or o`gdmcozjor (lrmyle tljjm vlyo ktkgotm` smbkrto, or o`g rjlsm vs) mjl ilvrlym `lsmjmr.

QkQB

QTYE

Ykpro`

@krugojlt`lem

VL

BlmImrlejlrm

QkQB

QTYE

Ykpro`

Ykpro`jogojlt`lem

BlmImrlejlrm


26/59

Yoajk ?1. Tmbkrtojore 13 26 ?1616 3> ?


27/59

]u`orio`m l`mjil YY lal`l mme ooio`m l`mjil msl YE lal`l mme @oo` O`g Qjlsmaojoet lgojor brjgl`tlimr.

@oo` O`g Qjljlrm "Ort` O`g" prlesmam mjl ojt`joreioe ikjoy cotoj aojoet yopjgosiurugueio ojgoyodo`jorir !

QkQB

QT

YE

Ykpro`

@krugojlt`lem

BlmImrlejlrm

@oo` O`gQjlsm

@OQ @OQ

VL

QkQB

QTYVLE

Ykpro`

@krugojlt`lem

IKQ\

BlmImrlejlrm

@oo` O`gQjlsm @OQ @OQ

@krugojlt`lem

COYOJM


28/59

lmtjm Ljl`trm`jm dmcozjorio soptoeoe ekrgoj mzkjosyke o`g glrtlaljlrm

Ljl`trm`jm To @urutudusu 6,< gOLjl`trm`jm Iojirgo Mstd ? gOLjl`trm`jm Mzboro < gOLjl`trm`jm Kdo` ?6 gO

Amjbmsoyor , ]ozd ? 1 gONktk`kpm, No`s 6,< ? gO

O`g ]kju imrledm

77 ?>>2O64,6

^>O4,6

^


29/59

Ljl`trkem` Qjljm @oo` O`g Dmcoz

Dmcoz yorigd amr b òyeo mjl amrjm`tl ojr. Ykrkmi toroneioe sojoeoe ljl`trm` lelrhmsm,ljl`trkem` poelj toroneioe bjleimrmjmr. Aueo òrj` lal`l blrmjmgmel aogj amr òyeo`toroneioe alsjlegm kjur. Orzo tlspmtm `lsmdmeme ogoseo elile kjur. Au dmcozjor togogle

aogsz kjoamjmr vlyo `lsmdmeme mmel gketl limjlamjmr.ste oyor imeogm`jlrm alsjlgleme srl`jmjmmem sojor.B illrm el kjurso kjsue ate alsjlgl trjlrmeil ùjjoejoamjle amr zgir.


30/59

@oyeo` 8

cttp8//www.glrjme-blrme.dkg.tr/gb[tr/ntp/at/ljp/lortcjlo`obl[dotojkbul[tr.pin


31/59

Tmbkrtojor,ljl`trm` alsjlgl cotjore vl ljl`trm`jl ojoe dmcozjor or y`jlrl vl `soilvrl o`gjoreo ,auejor ùjjoeoe mesoejor vl ùjjoei`jor mjltgljlrm il c,guctlglj

òzojoro òr `krugo` ogodyjo ùjjoejoe ljlgoejorir. Tmbkrto , o`g ilvrlsmel slrmaojoer vl zlrmeile oego o`geioe nozjo o`g bltmmeil,stoeiortjordo aljmrjlelesrlil ilvrlym oor.

TBKQYO LYJLQ8

Tmbkrtojor yopjor ao`geioe u l`mjil senjoeirjr.

?-Aukeju smbkrtojor

1-Ao`j ( EC) smbkrtojor

4-@` o`g smbkrtojor ( Dog smbkrtojor)

9-Nmjm smbkrtojor

-ktkgotm` smbkrtojor

Lrmyle Yljjm Tmbkrtojor

Aukeju

Au smbkrto amr bvil vl òpo`toe glyioeo bljmr. Bvilyl blldl` o`g slvmylsmel brl,

mjlt`le tlj vlyo smjmsyugjuùg`keur. @ugue brlvm clrcoebm amr `so ilvrl oeeio, smbkrto

otgos skeudu cosj kjoe, ljl`trm` orè seirgl`tmr. Auejor lv vl `` mjltgljlril

ùjjoejrjor.

Au smbkrtojor ùjjoejodo ylrjlrl brl zlj l`mjjlril yopjr. \gugmyltjl yojtòe kjoe dog

vl pkrsljle amr bvil vl au bvileme udo ikru medljle ao toroneio mjlt`le gltoj vl l`slrm

iz kjoe toroneio io mjlt`le amr gltoj aujueur. Au mjlt`le gltojjlr aljjm amr o`go òiorioyoeodo` amr tlj mjl amrjltmrmjmr. Au tlj dmcoz tocrmp lildl` l`mjil o`g slvmylsm y`sljimm

zogoe, lrmylrl` o`g `lslr, au smbkrtojorio ior u el òior medl kjurso, or o`g ejlgl

cossosmyltm il k ilrldl nozjo kjur. Tmbkrto bvilsmeme m`m udu oroseio`m uzo`j`, or` yopgoy

ejlyldl` l`mjil uzue yopjgojir. e` m`m ud oroj oz kjurso tlj lrmymedl or` yoporo`

o`g blglyl ilvog lilr. Aueu ejlgl` mme il smbkrtoee ùjjoejodo ylrl brl, m`m u

oros uzue `vrgj vl lmtjm l`mjjlril yopjoamjmr. Auejor l`slrm noarmòjorio cozr yopjrjor.

A\KEJ\ TBKQYOJOQ

Aukeju smbkrtojor,Bvil,Bvil @opo, Auke ,Auke opo kjgo` zlrl sgioe

glyioeo bljmr


32/59

BÎL

Imp `keto`,st `keto` vl vms`keto` kjgo` zlrl `sgioe glyioeo bljmr.

A\KE

Tmbkrtoee lrmyle tljjlrmem toyoe vl smbkrtoee aoj kjiuu ilvrleme lelrhmsmem `lslrl`tl`ror ilvrlyl bmrglsm mme ylemsm mjl ilmtmrmjglsm blrl`le `sgir. Aukejor,aljmrjmo`g illrjlrm mme yopjrjor vl au illrjlr zlrmeil yozjir. Ilvrlile vl ikjoysyjoauke zlrmeile,yozj illrjlrme zlrmeil o`g bltmmeil lrmylrl` ilvrlym oor.

Auke0 Auke bvilsm, Auke mjlt`lem,ùvortz ùgu,Ojt vl st òpo`jor vlsmeyojpujueioe glyioeo bljmr.

A\KE @OVOM

I `sg pkrsljleile,m `sg prmetle yopjoe auke òpoee,m `sgeio aujueoeakjuo auke keujur vl bvilyl vmiojoeoro` tutturujur.

Aukeju smbkrtojor ùjjoego ylrjlrmel8Iuvor Ympm,Yoajk Ympm,@knrl Ympm,opòj ( Covocott),@kjke smbkrtojor kjgo` zlrl al ilmm` l`mjil mgoj limjmr.


33/59

Imozli Nusls, dkggkejy dojjli "Akttjl" Nusls, orl ovomjoajl me nmvl smzls, EItk 1< Ogps, IMM tk 1< Ogps, IMMM tk >4 Ogps, IM^* tk ?66 Ogps oei I^ * tk 166Ogps. Nusl oddlsskrmls orl smzli tk gotdc tclsl nmvl smzls. Lodc smzl nuslakiy cos o imnnlrlet imogltlr tk nmt kejy metk tcl opprkprmotl Tdrlw Dop oeiNusl Aosl.

Ojsk, tcl nusl tmps covl imnnlrlet imogltlrs, ilpleimeb ke tclmr durrlet rotmeb.Ycl imogltlr kn tcl tmp gotdcls tcl imogltlr kn tcl ckjl me tcl Oioptlr Tdrlwtk mesurl tcot ek nusl wmtc o cmbclr rotmeb tcoe metleili nkr tcl dmrdumt doe al

mestojjli. Ycms prlvlets iogobl tk tcl dmrdumt kr lqumpglet tcl nusl prktldts.

Oiimtmkeojjy, nusls oei Oioptlr Tdrlws orl dkjkr dkili tk ovkmi gmsgotdcmeb0nkr lxogpjl8 ?6 Ogp Imozli nusls covl rli pkp-kut meimdotkrs ke tclmr cloi,gotdcmeb tcl rli rmeb kn tcl ?6 Ogp Oioptlr Tdrlw. Rcle o Imozli nusl cosajkwe, tcl dkjkr dkili meimdotkr ke tcl cloi kn tcl nusl wmjj pkp kut, bmvmebvmsmajl meimdotmke tcrkubc o bjoss wmeikw me tcl Tdrlw Dop.

Ycl Nusl ms clji me pjodl ay tcl Tdrlw Dop, wcmdc ms sdrlwli metk tcl NuslAosl. Imozli Nusl Aosls orl ovomjoajl me kel oei tcrll pkjl ilsmbes. NuslAosls doe al poelj gkuetli kr seoppli ketk o stoeiori 4


34/59

Yypmdoj Gor`mebs.- \troQopmi , Tmjzli , Qldtmdur, bQ,

Ao`j

^miojoeoamjle tmptl`m smbkrtojorio ?66 ogplrile ay` illrjm aukejor,ùjjoegozkrjuu elilemyjl vl tlèm` ao`gioe ujjoejgogo`toir. Aueue ylrmel,ayìllril`m o`gjor `lsgl` mme Ao`j smbkrto vlyo EC smbkrto ilemjle auke`keto`jor ao` l`jmeil yopjg smbkrtojor ùjjoejr.

EC nusls orl typmdojjy usli nkr imstrmautmke oppjmdotmkes oei tk jorbl ljldtrmdojilvmdls sudc os gktkrs, irmvls, ltd. Ycly orl ovomjoajl me slvle smzls wmtc odurrlet roebl kn 4 tk ?>66 Ogps.

EC nusls covl èmnl ajoils ot aktc leis , wcmdc gkuet metk kel kr tcrll pkjlNusl Aosls. Nusl Aosls doe al poelj kr IME romj gkuetli.


35/59

Kplrotmeb Djossls bJ/bB - Jmel Vrktldtmke Tjkw, typmdojjy usli nkr imstrmautmkedmrdumts kr rlsmstmvl jkois.

Yypmdoj Gor`mebs8 bj/bB

oG - Gktkr Vrktldtmke Nost odtmeb sckrt dmrdumt prktldtmke, aut sjkw odtmebkvlrjkoi prktldtmke. Yypmdoj Gor`mebs8 oG

oQ - Tlgmdkeiudtkr Vrktldtmke Vortmoj roebl, sckrt dmrdumt prktldtmke nkrilvmdls sudc os imkils, TDQT, ltd.

Yypmdoj Gor`mebs8 \jtro Qopmi , Tmjdu , Tmtkr , Qldtmdur ,Vrktmstkr , oQ,

bQ - Tlgmdkeiudtkr Vrktldtmke Nujj roebl kvlrjkoi oei sckrt dmrdumt prktldtmke

nkr ilvmdls sudc os imkils, TDQT, ltd.

Yypmdoj Gor`mebs8 \jtro Qopmi , Tmjdu , Tmtkr , Qldtmdur , Vrktmstkr , bQ,


36/59

cttp8//www.gepglg.bkv.tr/`ugoeio/Osmrmo`mg.ctg


37/59

1.OMQM O@MG QJLJLQ8

Osle`rke gktkrjore ekgmeoj l`glsm blrl`le o`ge steil o`gl`gljlrm cojmeil gktkrue ilvrl i òjgos mstlemr.Or o`g rjljlrmilvrlyl slrm aojoei`jor mme gktkro bmile lelrhmym `lslrl` gktkrueyoegoseo goem kjurjor.

Osle`rke gktkrue ojgos lseoseio `so amr srl mme gktkr o`gekrgoj illrme zlrmel òrso au or o`g gktkro zoror vlrglz.Oro`ge gktkrioe srl`jm kjoro` blglsm sorbjore yoegoseo elilekjur.e` srl`jm blle or o`g gktkr sorbjore sse orttrr vl gktkrsorbjore yoòr. Or o`g rjlsmeme ojoe `ketoe tl`ror ls`m cojmelbltmrgl` mme rjl zlrmeil aujueoe rlslt(ùrgo) autkeueo aosjoro` rjltl`ror ùrujur.Ayjldl gktkrjoro tl`ror ykj vlrmjlamjmr.? nozj O.O vl I.O.gktkr ilvrljlrmeil or o`g rjlsm yojezdo noz cotteo aojoer.4 nozjilvrljlril msl bleljjm`jl clr nozo amr or o`g rjlsm aojoer.Or o`grjljlrmeil o`g oyor zlrmeil aujueoe oyor vmios mjl yopjr.Or o`grjljlrm goeyltm` or o`g rjlsm vl tlrgm` or o`g rjlsm kjgo` zlrl

m`m lmttmr.

O-Goeyltm` or o`g rjlsm8

Goeyltm` or o`g rjlsm al`jlgl`smzme ilvrlym ooro` gktkru`krur.Gktkrue l`tmm o`ge glyioeo bltmrimm goeyltm` ojoe lt`msm mjlojr.Goeyltm` or o`g rjlsm ljl`trkgèots,`keto`jor vl bldm`tmrmdmljogoe kjgo` zlrl `sgioe glyioeo bljmr.


38/59

l`mj 98 Goeyltm` or o`g rjlsmeme yops vl ilvrlyl aojoets

Ljl`trkgèots akamem b ilvrlsmeil gktkro slrm kjoro` aojoer.Qjlemeekrgojil òpoj `keto(=)msl ùgoeio ilvrlsm bmrmmel slrm kjoroàojoer.Qjl akamemeile ekrgoj illrmeme steil amr o`g blglsmcojmeil akame ilgmr evlym yuòr ikru l`lr.Tmjmeimr mlrmsmeil aujueoeyo elilemyjl pmstkeue corl`ltm yovo kjur.Ikjoysyjo rjleme `ketoclgle ojgoz.Llr akameile blle or o`g ekrgoj illrmel iglzsl

`so srlil `keto` ojoro` gktkru `krugu kjur.jlrm`m `keuguziooejotodogz tlrgm` rjlyjl goeyltm` rjl oroseio nor` vorir.Ylrgm`rjleme o`g zogoe ilmmgm cmplrakjm` amr lrm l`jmeil kjup,goeyltm`rjleme`m msl oem i bstlrle stoamj amr lrm l`jmeilimr.Au iurugo brl`so ilvrl bmam k` or o`gjore glyioeo bljglsm cojmeil goeyltm` rjlk` `so amr zogoeio ilvrlym oor.Or o`gjorio msl tlrgm` rjl aljmrjm amrzogoe al`jlylrl` ilvrlym oor.Ljl`trkgoeyltm` oem ooe rjljlr 16 gsililvrlym `lsle k` czj tmptl vlyo ?66-


39/59

?.Amgltoj ljogoej tlrgm` or o`g rjlsm8

Tdo`j`jo uzogo òtsoyjor nor`j m`m gltojme amramrm mjl plrmejleglsmyjlglyioeo bljle ljogoeo amgltoj ljlgoe ilemr.Amgltoj ljogoe seieiouzogo òtsoys nozjo kjoe gltoj,uzogo òtsoys oz kjoe gltojme zlrmelikru a`jr.Aueue skeudueio amgltoj ljogoeo aoj kjoe `keto`jorioiurug ilmmr. Amgltoj ljogoej tlrgm` or o`g rjlsm m`m l`mjilyopjgo`toir.

o)Imrl` stgoj tlrgm` or o`g rjlsm 8

Ay` bj gktkr ilvrljlrmeil ùjjoejr.Gktkr o`g imrl` kjoro` amgltojljlgoe zlrmeile bllr.Amgltoj ljlgoee lmjglsmel vl `ketoeojgoseo elile kjoe s amgltoj ljlgoee mmeil ikor.Ay` bjgktkr ilvrljlrmeil amgltoj ljogoe k` ay` kjodoeioe ùjjoejkjgoz.Au elilejl tlrgm` or o`g rjlsm amr o`g tronksuyjo vlyo etimrlejl ùjjoejr.

l`mj


40/59

gktkrue lelrhmsmem `lslrl`,gktkru yoego`toe ùrtorr.@so srljmo`gjorio stdioe blle o`g amgltojm stodo` nrsot aujogoz vl amgltojlrmjglz.Ayjldl `so srljm o`g iojbojoegojoreio or o`g rjlsmemebldm`glsm sojoer.

Bleljjm`jl `` bj gktkrjorio ùjjoejr.

l`mj >8 Leimrl`t stgojtlrgm`

or o`g rjlsmeme yops vl ilvrlyl aojoets.

a)Lrbmymdm ojogj tlrgm` or o`g rjljlrm8

Au or o`g rjljlrmeil, std,`` amr tp vl `keto` aujueur.Mstdljogoee sorji tpe mmeil sei zogoe slralstl ielamjle m`medmamr tp ioco vorir.`m tpe oroseio i` sdo`j`to lrbmyle amr ojogvorir.Lrbmymdm ojog o`g ekrgoj iurugio m`le m`m tp amramrmel aojor.Or o`gio ojog lrmylrl` ,yoy vl imjmyl glòem` kjoro` aojoeoe mtp ielrl` òpoj `keto oor. Ojoe `keto` `keto`tr vl gktkruilvrl i aro`r.Au or o`g rjljlrmeil o`g oyor yopjgoz.


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l`mj 28 Lrbmymdm ojogj tlrgm` or o`g rjlsm

Ylrgm` rjljlrme ogo òro`tlrmstm` lrmjlrm8

Ylrgm` rjljlrme zlrjlrmeile blle o`ge ilmglsmel brl ilvrlymogo òro`tlrmstm` lrmjlrm cmplrakjm`tmr.l`mjil tlrgm` rjlyl omt bronm`jlrbrjgl`tlimr.Au lrmjlrile oejojodo bmam tlrgm` rjleme nke`smykeusmbkrtoyo alezlr.Oedo` smbkrtojorio oyorjogo mgòe yk`tur.Cojau`m amrtlrgm` rjleme o`g0oyor serjor mmeil mstlemjle illrjlrl oyorjoeoamjmr.

l`mj 3

O.D. vl I.D. gktkrjor mme tlrgm` rjl slmgm8

Gktkr ilvrljlrmeil tlrgm` rjleme slmgm gktkrue lgemyltjm ojoamjglsmmme ay` amr elg tor.lmtjm btl`m osle`rke gktkrjoro imrl`

ykjvlrgl vl yjiz-ble kjoro` ykj vlrglyl omt tlrgm` rjl slmgjlrmembstlrle dltvljjlr glvduttur.(relme `keto`trjlr aocsmeil`m ?===


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Nlilroj gor`o bmam,Tmlgles Glrjme Blrme v.a.) Gktkrjore imrl` kjoro`ojtrjgoseio tlrgm` rjleme slmgmel lsos kjoe no`tr gktkrue l`tmmoego o`gir.Ylrgm` rjleme oyor serjor au serjor oroseioeslmjmr.Gktkrjore yjiz-ble ykj vlrglsmeil lmtjm ykj vlrgl iurugjorglvduttur. Gktkrue ekrgoj ykj ojgos(Gktkr le k` ?< soemylil ykj

ojr.),k` yovo ykj ojgos(Gktkr 96 soemylile nozjo zogoeio ykj ojr.) vlm`m yej ykj ojgos cojmeil tlrgm` rjlile blle o`g oego o`gee6,


43/59

Begzil,tlrgm` amgltojm` or y` rjljm ojtlrjm `krugojore,nmyotjori` kjgosee yoeeio blrl`tl bvlemjmr amr `krugo sojogoi ortày` jil òauj limjgmtmr.Au skrueu zgl` mme lmtjm nmrgojor lt`me`krugo sojoyoe ljl`trkem` `kruyudu rjl bljmtmrmjgmtmr.

Gktkr `krugo rjljlrm ooio`mjlrm sojor.(rel` noekx gorò)

?.Or o`g 1.Osmgltrm vl noz òya

4.Gktkr mmeil or sego 9.Noz sros

B- Gkiljm ljl`trkem` `krugo rjlsmeme nke`smykejor8

?.Tmgltrm` or o`g `krugos8

Ljl`trkem` `krugo rjljlrm, gktkru ùjjoed toroneioe aljmrjlele illrmestel òe clr trj o`g orteioe `krur.MLD Ttoeiori 1


44/59

@krugo rjljlrmeme ogo lrmjlrm @krugo rjljlrm ogolrmjlrm

(Tku` iurugio) (6.= x Ma mjl y`jleim`tle skero)

l`mj =

@7?.?6+ %


45/59

l`mj ?6

9. NOXJM BLQJG @KEYQKJ QJLT(OMQM ^L I@ BLQJG)

nozj osle`rke gktkrjor + %?6ju` blrmjmg ilmgljlrmeil ekrgojkjoro` ojrjor.Oedo` blrmjmg ioco nozjo ilr yo io y`sljmrsl blrmjmglaoj kjoro` gkglettl ildlmeile nozjo o`g l`lrjlr.Nozjo o`gl`gljlrm gktkr sorbjoree segoseo vl gktkrue yoegoseo elile

kjur.Au rjljlr oyrdo or vl i` blrmjmgile lt`mjlele ljl`trkem``ugoeio ljlgoejoree vl `kgpoezosyke smstlgjlrmeme `kruegoseio


46/59

ùjjoejrjor.Dmcoz ikruioe lal`lyl aojoeoro` zlrmeil`m oyoròilglsmeile blrmjmg ojt vl st ser oyorjoer. lal`l blrmjmgmeme auserjor ogos cojmeil rjl ilvrlym czjo oor.Blrmjmg ekrgojlieieil rjl `leimsmem ùror.(Qlslt)

rel`8Noekxue nozj blrmjmg `ketrkj rjlsm8

Ojt ser st ser

\4-146 166-146 ^ O.D. 146-1>6 ^ O.D.

\4-966 496-966 ^ O.D. 966-9>6 ^ O.D.

\4-996 436-996 ^ O.D. 996-


47/59

d)Noz `lsmjgl rjlsmeme tlrgmstr emtlsmel gktkr sorbjoreo ylrjltmrmjleV.Y.D. tlrgmstr ujoree aojoegos skeudueio gktkr sorb ssee ??6D eme zlrmel `gos iurugueio ilvrlym oor vl gktkru yoego`toeùrtorr.

Auroio noz sros(N.T.Q.)rjlsmeme brlvjlrmem u l`mjil o`joyoamjmrmz.

Yronk vl lelrhm eo`mj cotjoreio yopjoe orzo vl ao`g skeueio noz srojoryoejj`jo ilmlamjmr.Noz srosee ilmglsm gktkrue tlrs yeil ieglsmilgl`tmr.Aoz go`meljlril gktkrue tlrs yeil ieglsm ay` orzojoroykj ooamjmr.relme osoesrjlril,pkgpo smstlgjlrmeil vl covo`kgprlsrjlrmeil gktkrue cmamr zogoe tlrs yeil ieglglsm mstlemr.Nozsrosee clrcoebm amr l`mjil ilmglsm iurugueio N.T.Q.ilvrlym ooro`

gktkrue ojgose lebljjlr.Gktkr oedo` noz sros ikru kjiuueioojr.

rel`8Noekxue noz cotojor, ileblsmzjm`jlrm vl noz sros rjlsm

Ekgmeoj blrmjmg @ujjoeg illrm

T1-------------------------- 4x146 ^ O.D. 166-1>6 ^ O.D.

T4 -------------------------- 4x966 ^ O.D. 496-9>6 ^ O.D.

Qjleme zljjm`jlrm8

?.Bmrmtle izlejlymdmyl òior kjoe `sgio ,nozjor oros % ?6o voroeileblsmzjm`jlrm izlejlr.

1.Kgohj y`jlrl aojoei`to skero ,clrcoebm amr noz òyae tlspmt lilr.nozj mei`smykeju ljl`trm` gktkrjoreo aojoei`toe skero,gktkr toroneioeyorotjoe blrmjmg oeo blrmjmgme % >6eioe oz kjgo` ortyjo noz òyaetlspmt lilr.

4.Noz sros yoej msl,rjl oeeio tlspmt lilr.

9.Qjl 6,< soemylil ilvrlym oor.

.? oeoctorjogo `keto,ekrgojil o`(??-?9) vl ekrgojil òpoj(??-?1)rjl akto m`le aujueur.

2.Goxmgug bd 4O-1


48/59

=.Alsjleimm nozj blrmjmgm `ketrkj ojteio tutor.

?6.6 Cz nrl`oes

??.Goxmgug tlrgmeoj aojoet `lsmtm 1,< gg1

Amr skero`m gkilj kjoe tlrgmstr gkemtrj (VYD JL )noz sros vl nozcotos rjlsm imlr gkiljile nor`j kjoro` VYD slesr bmrmm glvduttur.VYDgktkr sseo aoj kjoro` ojr.Ogo srlsm 6,6< soemylimr.


49/59

TL@KEILQ @KQ\GO

?[jgl Yronkjor (O`g Yronksu / Blrmjmg Yronksu)1[Tl`keilr Qjljlr

4[Oeoctorjogo Ljlgoejor (@lsmdmjlr / Oyrdjor)

1[QJLJLQ

O- O@MG QJLJLQ (OQ)O?-I` O`g QjlsmO1-Or O`g Qjlsm (OOQ)Toamt zogoej-Ylrs zogoej-]esz-]ej

A- INLQOET]LJ QJL (IQ)A?- Aogsz IQ

-o-Yronk IQ-a-Gktkr-Blelrotr IQ-d-Aoro IQ

A1- Aogj (Vmjkt Cotj) IQ

D- LGVLIOET QJLJLQ(Glsonl rjlsm)

I-BLQJG QJLJLQI?-I` Blrjmg QjlsmI1-Or Blrmjmg QjlsmI4-Ylrs Noz (NozTros) Qjlsm

L- B QJLJLQNrl`oes Qjlsm-B Oios Qjlsm


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?[jgl Yronkjor (O`g Yronksu / Blrmjmg Yronksu)

?.?. O`g Yronkjor

OY joree sl`keilrjlrmel Ogplrgltrl vlyo dmcozjore O`g Akamejlrm aojoer.OY Tl`keilrm `lsmejm`jl o` ilvrl limjglgljmimr !

OY joree tlglj brlvjlrm 8

Cot o`ge `jtgl` Blrmjmg zkjoykeu sojogo` Ttoeiort j dmcoz yopge sojogo`

OY joree aoz tlgljay`j`jlrm 8

Ilvogj y` o`g 8 ?,1 ME @so ilvrl tlrgm` o`g 8 Mtc7?66 ME @so ilvrl imeogm` o`g 8 Miye71


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OY Tl`keilr Bd 8

Tl`keilrl aojoeodo` oajk vl dmcozjore bde orjogo`.

1,< -


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Yl` Yorontoe Alsjlele Cot

tgme76,? s , t76,? s

Tkrue 8 Xogoe kkrimeosykeu skeudueio,le ay` orzo o`gjoree kjiuu ajblil (O-Aoros) le ay` ogo zogoe `orj` igl`tlimr.

mnt Yorontoe Alsjlele Cot

edl O aoroseioe alsjlgl vorsoyg mjl

O A D I L

O A D I L6,< s 6,9 s 6,4 s 6,1 s

6,? s6,? s 6,? s

6,? s

6,? s

O A D I L6,< s 6,9 s 6,4 s 6,1 s

6,? s6,? s 6,? s


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Tkero A aoroseioe alsjlgl vorsoyg mjl

`m iurug amrjltmrmjlrl` zogoe kkrimeosykeu sojoer.

]e `kkrimeosykeu mme il

INLQOET]LJ QJL

Ylglj Aojoet

Ay` bj (T5?66 G^O) Blelrotr, Gktkr, Yronk, Aoro, Qlo`tr,jltmg Cott

O A D I L6,1 s 6,4 s 6,9 s 6,< s

6,? s6,? s 6,? s

O A D I L6,1 s 6,4 s 6,9 s 6,< s

6,? s6,? s 6,? s

6,< s 6,9 s 6,4 s 6,1 s

O A D I L

6,? s6,? s 6,? s

6,1 s 6,4 s 6,9 s 6,< s6,< s 6,9 s 6,4 s 6,1 s

8 Or O`g Qjlsm (OOQ)

vlyo 8 ]ej OOQ

I.Q.

M?

m1

@lsmdm @krueoe Torb M1

m?

| m?-m1 |

Ogo@ugoeios

Noz jlt`lem


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`kruegoseio orzojoro òr le lt`mjm vl cossos `krugo l`mjjlrmeile amrmimr.

?- Blelrotr/Gktkr @krugos

I.Q.

MN? , MN1

m1

BlelrotrMN1

m?

| m?-m1 |

N? N1

I.Q.

M?V

m1T

E?8 E1 M1V

m?T

| m?-m1 |

^? ^1Ò? Ò1


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^? ^1

AQ

I.Q.

I.Q.


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Glsonl `krugo rjljlrm zljjm`jl iotg lal`ljlrmeil, zljjm`jl ?6 `g vl zlrm cotjoriotlrdmc limjgl`tlimrjlr. Glsonl `krugo ojbkrmtgojor imnlroesmylj `krugo òior kjgoso amjl,imnlroesmylj `krugo ojbkrmtgoseioe skero le czj ojoe ojbkrmtgoir. Au elilejl glsonl`krugo rjljlrm "cot imnlroesmylj `krugo mjl amrjm`tl ùjjoejoe ye òrjotrgoj ajkòhizlem" kpsmykeu ylrmel ùjjoejgo`toirjor. BKTA' io glsonl `krugo rjljlrmeme, `socotjorio lmtjm ajkòh izlel`jlrm kjuturoro` czj vl sljl`tmn ogo zljjmmeile yororjoejgvl ioco edl zgmr Ototr` KTA' il uybujog kjiuuguz "cot imnlroesmylj rjl+yej

ajkòhj rjl" kpsmykeueo ojtlreotmn kjoro` au `krugo izlem uybue brjgtr. L`kekgm`kjoro` ao`jieio clr m`m smstlgme il gojmyltm amramrjlrmyjl oo yuòr oye slvmyljlrilimr.Tmstlgjlrile amrmeil m`m rjl ùjjoejoro` ikeoeg ylilm kjuturujgo`to, imlrmeil mslikeoeg ylilm kjoro` òr mstosykeio`m rjl ùjjoejgo`toir. Glsonl `krugo rjljlrmmlrmsmeil oye zogoeio, y`sl` imrlejm tkpro` orzojor mme tlrs zogoej yej `krugoljlgoe io kpsmykelj kjoro` ùjjoejoamjmr. l`mj ?'il smstlgme prlesmp lgos bstlrmjgmtmr.

l`mj ?. Glsonl `krugo prlesmam

@sodo ojgo prlesmamel aoòdo` kjurso` glsonl krugo, cotte soj`j ojgo`kujjoreio`m lgplioes mjl orzo iurugueio`m lgplioese amramrmeile nor`j kjgos

blrlmel ioyoj kjoro` ojr. Au elilejl lgplioes `krugo kjoro` io oijoeirjr. Glsonl`krugo rjljlrm porogltrljlemr`le cotte %3


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brjle orzojor mme bldm`glsmz kjoro` ogo uybujoer. Auroio blrm `ojoe %?


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m

O O

MV / MT MV / MT

O A D I LN

ÔÂ

^DÎ

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MOML

XOXA

XDXL

XI


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Coj`ojogojor % ?66

Coj`ojogojor % 3

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