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8/9/2016
1
ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA TP.HỒ CHÍ MINHTRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA
KHOA ĐIỆN-ĐIỆN TỬ BỘ MÔN KỸ THUẬT ĐIỆN TỬ
11
Embedded System Design
Chapter 4: Hardware design for an embedded system
1. Hardware components2. Design block diagrams3. Design detail schematics4. Hardware Design Deployment
Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử
1. Hardware components1. Microprocessors/Microcontrollers
– 8/16/32‐bit microcontroller: PICs, ARMs
– DSP
2. Peripherals– Input devices: button, switch, keyboard, mouse, touch‐screen
– Display devices: LED, text LCD, graphic LCD
– Sensors: temperature, humidity, light, motion
– Actuators: motor, solenoid, relay, FET, triac, SCR
– Interfaces: UART, USB, I2C, SPI, Ethernet, Wifi, Bluetooth, Zigbee
3. Clock / reset circuits
4. Power supply– AC/DC adapters
– Battery
2Chapter 4
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2
Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử
1. Hardware components• Microprocessors/Microcontrollers
– Is a center processing unit
– Control input devices, sensors, actuators, display devices
– Process tasks, functions, and algorithms
– Interface other systems
3Example of an embedded system
microprocessor
Chapter 4
Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử
1. Hardware components• Microprocessors/Microcontrollers
– The Intel MCS‐51 (commonly referred to as 8051) is a Harvardarchitecture, CISC instruction set, single chip microcontroller (µC) serieswhich was developed by Intel in 1980
– PIC is a family of modified Harvard architecture microcontrollers madeby Microchip Technology
– ARM is a family of instruction set architectures for computer processorsdeveloped by British company ARM Holdings, based on a reducedinstruction set computing (RISC) architecture.
4
PIC8051 ARM
Chapter 4
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Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử
1. Hardware components• Peripherals
– Input devices: button, switch, keyboard, mouse, touch‐screen
– Display devices: LED, text LCD, graphic LCD
– Sensors: temperature, humidity, light, motion
– Actuators: motor, solenoid, relay, FET, triac, SCR
– Interfaces: UART, USB, I2C, SPI, Ethernet, Wifi, Bluetooth, Zigbee
5
Display device: LCD
Input device: keypad
Interface: UART
Actuator: relay
Chapter 4
Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử
1. Hardware components• Clock / reset circuits
– Clock circuits: provide clock signal for microcontrollers
6
On-chip oscillator
XTAL1
XTAL2
20MCRYSTAL
C1
22p
C2
22p
Off-chip oscillator(a) Crystal oscillator (b) RC oscillator
Chapter 4
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4
Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử
1. Hardware components
• Clock / reset circuits
– Reset circuits: provide reset signal for microcontrollers
7
RESET
R110k
RESET
R210k
RESET
R310k
C31uF
Active-low reset Active-high reset Power-on auto reset
Chapter 4
Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử
1. Hardware components• Power supply
– AC/DC adapters
8Chapter 4
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Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử
1. Hardware components• Power supply
– Switching power supply
9Chapter 4
A simple switching power supply using LM2576
Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử
1. Hardware components
• Power supply
– Battery
10
Simple 5VDC battery power supply
12VDC battery backup power supply
Chapter 4
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6
Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử
1. Hardware components• Connectors
– Interface with extension hardware
11
Power connector
connectors
Chapter 4
Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử
Team work • Describe hardware components of your design for your class project.
• List 4 component groups:
– Processor / microcontroller
– Peripheral
– Clock/reset circuit
– Power supply
12Chapter 4
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7
Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử
2. Design block diagram• Block diagram
– Is a diagram of a system in which the principal parts or functions are represented by blocks connected by lines that show the relationships of the blocks
– Use to model the system graphically and show the relationships in the process.
– presents a quick overview of major process steps and key process participants, as well as the relationships and interfaces.
13Chapter 4
Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử
2. Design block diagram
• Hardware block diagram
– Use a rectangle for a hardware block
– Use an arrow for a connection
14
Single connection Multiple connections
One way
Two ways
One way
Two ways Multiple ways
Curve connection
Chapter 4
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8
Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử
2. Design block diagram
• Hardware block diagram
– Use a symbol for a special block
15
computerNetworkEnergyLamp DatabaseSpeaker
Antenna Bell Microphone Amplifier Converter Rectifier
Chapter 4
Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử
2. Design block diagram• Block diagram features:
– Block diagram name
– Physical blocks
• Block name
• Have at least one connection
– Connections
• One direction / two directions/ multiple directions
• Single / multiple connections
• Data type of connections
– Special block
• Block name
• Extra information16Chapter 4
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9
Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử
2. Design block diagram• Recommendations
1. CPU block is at the center
2. Sensor/input blocks are at the left side
3. Actuator blocks are at the right side
4. User interface blocks are at the top
5. Memory/ database/ blocks are at the bottom
6. Use different colors for differently functional blocks
7. Use symbols for special blocks
• Exceptions
– Not enough space
– Special systems such as SoC, NoC
– Complex systems
17Chapter 4
Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử
Hardware block diagram – Example 1• Poor example
– No block diagram name
– Wrong direction of connection
– Problem of single / multiple connections
– No data type of connections
18
PIC Microcontroller
Temperature sensor
Buttons
Heater
Chapter 4
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Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử
Hardware block diagram – Example 2
19
MOTOR CONTROL BLOCK DIAGRAM
Chapter 4
Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử
Hardware block diagram – Example 3Home security system
=> Make this block diagram better!
20
PIC Microcontroller
Door sensor
Smoke sensor
Motion sensor
IR sensor
SIM900
Chapter 4
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11
Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử
3. Design detail schematics• Schematic components:
– Information table• Title
• Description
• Author
• Date
• Revision
– Schematic circuit• ICs
• Devices
• Connections
21
– Extra information• Explanation of operations
• Parameters
• Acronyms
Chapter 4
Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử
3. Design detail schematics – Example 1
22
RA0/AN02
RA1/AN13
RA2/AN2/VREF-4
RA4/T0CKI6
RA5/AN4/SS7
RE0/AN5/RD8
RE1/AN6/WR9
RE2/AN7/CS10
OSC1/CLKIN13
OSC2/CLKOUT14
RC1/T1OSI/CCP216
RC2/CCP117
RC3/SCK/SCL18
RD0/PSP019
RD1/PSP120
RB7/PGD40
RB6/PGC39
RB538
RB437
RB3/PGM36
RB235
RB134
RB0/INT33
RD7/PSP730
RD6/PSP629
RD5/PSP528
RD4/PSP427
RD3/PSP322
RD2/PSP221
RC7/RX/DT26
RC6/TX/CK25
RC5/SDO24
RC4/SDI/SDA23
RA3/AN3/VREF+5
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI15
MCLR/Vpp/THV1
U1
PIC16F877
VDD
CE
7R
D6
C/D
8
VS
S2
VD
D3
VE
E4
WR
5
D0
10
FS
118
FG
1
D1
11
D2
12
D3
13
D4
14
D5
15
D6
16
D7
17
RS
T9
LCD1PG12864F
VD
DV
EE
S1
R110k
X14MHz
C1
10p
C2
10p
D2
R2
10k
1 2 3 4
J1CONN-H4
R310k
D1
1N4148
E l e c t r o n i c s
Labcenter Electronics, 53-55 Main Street, Grassington, North Yorkshire, BD23 5AAFax: +44 (0)1756 752857 Tel: +44 (0)1756 753440
Email: [email protected] http://www.labcenter.co.uk/WWW:
EPE PIC/LCD DEMO
This circuit is taken from John Becker's article in the February 2001 editionof Everyday/Practical Electronics and is reproduced with theirpermission.
It is an excellent demonstration of how Proteus VSM can be used to carry out experiments with microprocessors and their peripherals without the need toassemble the physical hardware.
EPE PIC/LCD DEMO
Chapter 4
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12
Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử
3. Design detail schematics – Example 2
23
Size Rev
Date: Sheet of
Title
1
Cadence Design Systems2655 Seely Av enue
408.943.1234
A
1 1Thursday , Nov ember 01, 2012
BANDPASS
San Jose, Calif ornia 95134
U1
OP-07
+3
-2
V+
7V
-4
OUT6
OS11
OS28
R3
400
R1
50k
C3
0.1u
R560k
0
0
V1
AC = 1TRAN =
DC =
-15
15
C1
0.1u
U2
OP-07
+3
-2
V+
7V
-4
OUT6
OS11
OS28
R4
1.2k
R2
49k
C4
0.25u
-15
out
R649k
15
C2
0.1uV2
15
V3-15
0
0
-15
15
0
Chapter 4
Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử
Group discussion • Discus about below block diagram:
24
PIC Microcontroller
Keypad
LCD
Speaker
Solenoid
Battery Management
Digital door lock
Chapter 4
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13
Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử
Team work
• Draw a block diagram for your class project
25Chapter 4
Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử
4. Hardware Design Deployment• Choose options for hardware design
• Example: Temperature controller
Chapter 4 26
ComponentsOption 1 Option 2
Description Score Description Score
Processor / Microcontroller
PIC16F877 Program memory 8K
8 ARM STM32F030Program memory 16K
6
Temperature Sensor
LM35(analog output)
8 DS18B20(digital output)
7
Display Text LCD LCD1602
9 Graphic LCD LM32019P2
7
TOTAL 25 19
High score: high quality, cheap price, familiar, much support from manufacture Low score: expensive, difficult to use, high power consumption, …
8/9/2016
14
Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử
4. Hardware Design Deployment
• Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is a method:
– proposed by Dr. Yoji Akao in 1996
– to transform qualitative user demands into quantitative parameters
– to deploy the functions forming quality
– to deploy methods for achieving the design quality into subsystems and component parts,
– to specific elements of the manufacturing process.
27Chapter 4
Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử
4. Hardware Design Deployment
• House of Quality: is a techniques based on QFD– Appeared in 1972
– The house can be divided in “rooms”
28Chapter 4
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15
Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử
4. Hardware Design Deployment• House of Quality:
– Table 1: What?
• What is desired in order to reach the new service’s development?
29
No. Customer’s requirements
1 Long life cycle
2 Easy to charge energy
3 Low power
4 Low cost
Example: Automatic light control system
Chapter 4
Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử
4. Hardware Design Deployment• House of Quality:
– Table 2: How list
• How are the design requirements of the product?
30
No. Design requirements
1 Low power microcontroller
2 LED light bulb
3 Solar panel
4 Lithium‐ion battery
Example: Automatic light control system
Chapter 4
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16
Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử
4. Hardware Design Deployment• House of Quality:
– Table 3: Relation matrix• shows the relationships between “What” and “How”
• defined by three strength levels: weak, medium, and strong relation.
31
Designrequirement
Customer’s requirement
Low power micro‐controller
LED light bulb
Solar panel Lithium‐ion battery
Long life cycle S S S S
Easy to charge energy W W S M
Low power M S W M
Low cost M M M S
Chapter 4
Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử
4. Hardware Design Deployment• House of Quality:
– Table 4: Benchmarking• Benchmarking is carried out for “What” and “How”.
• Persons in charge of the product design make this evaluation
32
Designrequirement
Customer’s requirement
Lowpower micro‐controller
LEDlight bulb
Solar panel
Lithium‐ion battery
Evaluator1
Evaluator2
Evaluator3
Bad Average Good
Long life cycle S S S S X
Easy to charge energy W W S M X
Low power M S W M X
Low cost M M M S X
Chapter 4
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17
Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử
4. Hardware Design Deployment• House of Quality:
– Table 5: Importance level
• Create a value for each relationship between client and design requirement
• The personnel in charge of the system design make this evaluation.
33Chapter 4
Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử
4. Hardware Design Deployment• House of Quality:
– Table 5: Importance level
34
Designrequirement
Customer’s requirement
Lowpower micro‐controller
LEDlight bulb
Solar panel
Lithium‐ion battery
Evaluator1
Evaluator2
Evaluator3
What Importance Bad Average Good
Long life cycle 4 S S S S X
Easy to chargeenergy
1 W W S M X
Low power 2 M S W M X
Low cost 3 M M M S X
Importance 52 64
Strong = 9 Medium = 3 Weak = 1
Chapter 4
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18
Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử
4. Hardware Design Deployment• House of Quality:
– Table 6: Correlation matrix
• is a triangular table.
• describes the strength of the relationships between the design requirements.
• is to identify which requirements support each other and which ones do not.
35Chapter 4
Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử
4. Hardware Design Deployment• House of Quality:
– Table 6: Correlation matrix
• ++ Strong positive
• + positive
• ‐ negative
36
Low power micro‐controller
LED light bulb Solar panel Lithium‐ion battery
+
++
+
Chapter 4