EMERGING ECOHYDROLOGY

APPROACHES IN MALAYSIA

AND FUTURE CHALLENGES

Building Resilience to Climate Change Risk and Vulnerability to Meet Water Security Challenges Workshop on 10-11 July 2017, Langkawi, Malaysia

HUMID TROPICS CENTRE

KUALA LUMPUR (HTC KL)

Water and Ecosystems1

Transforming The Water Sector

2

3

4

5

The Principles of Ecohydrology

Conclusion, Recommendation and Future Challenges6

Ecohydrology for IWRM

PRESENTATION OUTLINE

Emerging Ecohydrology in Malaysia at River Basin Level

NATURE AND ENVIRONMENT

PEOPLEFOOD

INDUSTRY

Agriculture

Livestock Aquaculture

Recreation & Tourism

Portable Water

Transportation

WetlandsEcology

Biodiversity

Environmental Flow

DevelopmentPower Generation

WATER AND ECOSYSTEMS

WATER IS FOR

THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN WATER AND ECOSYSTEM

74%

18%

8%GEO-Wadi sateliteprecipitationcalibration- IHP Secretariat, Anil

Mishra

Value of water dueto CC-water footprint & tangibleand intangibleimpacts -UTM- Dr

Zainura

UNESCO FRAMEWORKS

• Paris Agreement

• Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

• Addis Ababa Action Agenda

• Sendai Framework

• S.A.M.O.A. Pathway

• Future We Want

• Agenda 21

• 30 November to 11 December 2015, Paris

• United Nations Headquarters in New York from25-27 September 2015

• Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from 13 to 16 July 2015

• 14 to 18 March 2015 in Sendai City, MiyagiPrefecture, Japan

• Apia, Samoa from 1 to 4 September 2014

• Rio de Janeiro from 20 to 22 June 2012

• Rio de Janerio, Brazil, 3 to 14 June 1992

• Framework Convention on Climate Change[FCCC]

• Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda forSustainable Development

• A global framework for financing developmentpost 2015

• Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030

• Small Island Developing States AcceleratedModalities of Action

• renew the commitment to sustainabledevelopment and to ensuring the promotion ofan economically, socially and environmentally

• the Rio Declaration on Environment andDevelopment, and the Statement of principlesfor the Sustainable Management of Forests

The Principles of Ecohydrologyfor IWRM

The quantification of the hydrological cycle ofa basin, should be a template for functionalintegration of hydrological and biologicalprocesses.

The integrated processes at river basin scalecan be steered in such a way as to enhancethe basin’s carrying capacity and itsecosystem services.

The regulation of hydrological and ecologicalprocesses, based on an integrative systemapproach, is thus a new tool for IntegratedRiver Basin Management.

ECOHYDROLOGY

Hydrological

Ecological

Ecological engineering

3 sequential components:

TRANSFORMING THE WATER SECTOR

6.1 By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all 6.2 By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations 6.3 By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally6.4 By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity6.5 By 2030, implement integrated water resources management at all levels, including through transboundarycooperation as appropriate 6.6 By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes 6.a By 2030, expand international cooperation and capacity-building support to developing countries in water- and sanitation-related activities and programmes, including water harvesting, desalination, water efficiency, wastewater treatment, recycling and reuse technologies 6.b Support and strengthen the participation of local communities in improving water and sanitation management

National IWRM Plan - Strategies & Road Map"Goal 6

6.6 By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains,forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes

(source: ASM, 2016)

UN SUMMIT (25-27 SEPTEMBER 2015)TRANSFORMING OUR WORLD

THE 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Goal 6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water andsanitation for all

FOR Ecohydrology

AGENDA 2030

IWRM

vegetation water

Function of

• water security as the ultimate objective• related to the integration of water ecology and engineering• improve water resources from further degradation• provide ecosystem services to societiesHow: need to develop new understanding of that inter-dependency in a systematic way. The programme must alsopay more attention to the role of culture and social factors inharmonising the biosphere's potential with the humanity.

ECOHYDROLOGY

ECOHYDROLOGY FOR IWRM

supports living on planet

EMERGING ECOHYDROLOGY AT RIVER BASIN LEVEL

Emerging ecohydrologyat river basin level

• River restoration• River rehabilitation

(DID, 2015) (A. Ghani,, 2017

(A. Ghani,, 2017

EMERGING ECOHYDROLOGY IN MALAYSIA

ECOHYDROLOGYPROJECTS

MSMA ISME STORMWATER MANAGEMENTRIVER OF

LIFE (RoL)

MELAKA RIVER BEAUTIFICATION/

TRANSFORMATION

PUTRAJAYA LAKE & WETLANDS

KELANA LAKES

KELANA LAKES1

main lake in the area. The lake ecosystem had degraded and changed completely due to poor water quality and the loss of wetland plants and

Lakes initially as flood retention areas are converted to part of a public

decomposition of the sludge generated in the

stakeholder forum, comprising 400 Friends of

Jaya City

Prior to 1996

rapid surrounding development & its for flood mitigation

2. the loss of wetland plants and animal life

1.added wastewater, solid waste, and storm water

overflow to the main lake in the area

3.The ecompositionof the sludgegenerated in thelake had eventuallycaused bad odour.

WQ Degraded

public park in 1996 for fishing and recreation

Ex-mining pond

local residents formed astakeholder forum, comprising400 Friends of Kelana JayaPark, and led by a 15-membersteering committee includingPetaling Jaya City Council in2007

MELAKA RIVER BEAUTIFICATION2

• To restore Melaka River to itsoriginal and clean condition

• state and federalgovernments since 2001

• flood mitigation, cleaning,beautification, upgrading riverfacilities for the Melaka rivermouth.

• ecohydrology as a 'garden-city' concept in integratingupgraded sewage treatmentplants along the river withphysical features such aslandforms, vegetation, andensure that all the domesticand industrial wastewaterwater bodies to produce thegreen scenery of the cityentering the river was treated.

13.5 km570,000 cubic meter contiminated sediment

STAKEHOLDERS MANAGEMENT

The catchment’s areas lies within three (3) different municipalities

• Sepang Municipal Council• Subang Jaya Municipal Council• Putrajaya Coporation

Stakeholders of different entities consist of:• UPM & UNITEN (university and

hostel), • MARDI (agriculture R&D agency),• IOI (commercial), • TNB (power plant), • Cyberjaya (another municipality), • Sungai Merab area (sub-urban area)

30% of the Putrajaya Lake Catchment is lies in Selangor;

the other state in Malaysia

PUTRAJAYA LAKE AND WETLANDS3

Putrajaya, the administrative capital of the federalgovernment of Malaysia, is located in the Klang Valleyregion, south of Kuala Lumpur

LAKE (400 hectare)

Chuau River

Bisa River

WETLAND(200 hectare)

PUTRAJAYA LAKE

• completed: May 2002• construction duration: 62 month• depth: 2 to 13 m • surface area: 400 ha

Main objective:• centre for water sports, recreation

and tourism

PUTRAJAYA WETLAND

• completed: August 1998• construction duration: 17.5 month• depth: 0.5 to 3 m• surface area: 200 ha

Main objective• surface run-off filtration system for

Putrajaya Lake

The Lake Vision“To manage the lake in

order to ensure its aesthetic viability, sustain good water quality, and

allow for different recreational uses,

including primary and secondary contact

activities”

UB

LE

UE

UN

UW

PUTRAJAYA LAKE AND WETLANDS3

PUTRAJAYA LAKE AND WETLANDS3

13.5 km570,000 cubic meter contiminated sediment

UPPER NORTH 6

UPPER NORTH 7

UPPER NORTH 5

• 49 sq km which waspreviously covered byvegetation, that is, rubber andoil palm plantation. Putrajayais characterised by the'garden-city' concept,physical features such aslandforms, scenery of thecity.

• Putrajaya Lake catchment is51 sq km.

• A portion of it lies in the stateof Selangor, while around 70percent is in Putrajaya.

• The Putrajaya Lake wascreated by inundating thelower part of the valleys ofChua River and Bisa River.The lake contains PutrajayaWetlands,

the largest constructed wetland system in the tropics consisting of 24 cells. The wetlands act as a natural treatment system that filters out most of the pollutants from the river water before it enters the Putrajaya Lake. The wetland system and lake

Ecohydrology Demonstration Sites of UNESCO-IHP Ecohydrology Programme (EHP)

RIVER OF LIFE4

• clean up the rivers and rehabilitate their banks intovibrant and liveable waterfront areas with higheconomic value.

• Set to be completed by 2020, is in tune with thegovernment's overall aspiration of turning GreaterKuala Lumpur into a metropolis in Asia thatsimultaneously achieves top-20 economic growthand becomes one of the global top 20 most-liveablecities by 2020.

• 3 components: river cleaning, river beautification,and land development.

• spans across three municipals and eight rivers,covering a total 110-km stretch of rivers and theirbanks that need to be rehabilitated and restored.

• The project has both ecological and hydrologicalobjectives. It aims to improve and sustain the waterquality of the Klang River and its tributaries to theClass IIB

2015-2020

(DID, 2015)

73%Completed

Project plnningbegin

Oct 2015

Demolition of WismaBatik

Interceptor works at St Mary’s Cathedral

Masjid Jamekgrand staircase

1

3

2

4Guiding Gallery at LebohPasarBesar

Puah Pond in Sentul

1

3

Masjid India

1MalaysiaPark in Titiwangsa

2

4

Precinct 7HeritageQuarter

Phase 1

Phase 2

Brickfields

10 more areas to go.

GREATER KL RIVER BEAUTIFICATION & LAND DEVELOPMENT

(DID, 2015)

• Public Outreach Program (PoP) • upgrading the existing sewerage facilities and

installing wastewater treatment plants at wetmarkets, as well as social interventions such asrelocation of squatters to reduce sewage, sullageand rubbish in the Klang River.

• installed and maintained 375 GPT in sewerages.• RoL initiative mooted by the Department of

Irrigation and Drainage (DID), Malaysia.• The % different for the annual gross pollutant load

between upper Klang River and Kerayong River catchment is around 57 percent (36 kg/ha and 360 kg/ha annual gross pollutant wet load in kg/ha/yr/GPT by upper Klang River catchment with PoP versus Kerayong River catchment without PoP was 145 kg/ha/yr/GPT and 338 kg/ha/yr/GPT respectively

MSMA INTEGRATED STORMWATER

MANAGEMENT ECOHYDROLOGY5

MSMA ISME

Bio retention

Rain water

Green roof

Grey water reuse

Wetland Phytoremediation

Prof Shabaz Khan Visit

Porus pavement

HTC KL MSMA ISME

MSMA-ISME

VISIT BY DIECTOR UNESCO JAKARTA& REPRESENTATIVE OF UNESCO DHAKA

Ms Beatrice Khaldun

Fish Feeding

Prof Shabaz Khan

8 MAY 2017MAY 5, 2017

Fish Feeding

21

FUTURE CHALLENGES

3. ManagementInstruments• Assessment• Information• Allocation• Instruments

1. EnablingEnvironment• Policies• Legislation

2. InstitutionalFramework• Central – Local• River Basin• Public –Private

EQUITYEconomic Efficiency EnvironmentalSustainability

Balance ‘water for livelihood’ and ‘water as a resource’

CONCLUSION&RECOMENDATION

The conclusion:National initiatives in forest and wetlands protection for river basin management, which is less costly than building dams and more sustainable non-structural activities in the long run is in parallel with ecohydrology concept focussed locally will be shared regionally and globally

The recommendation:River Basin

Management Committee

Challenges:combined and continued efforts

Acknowledgement

REFERENCES

DID (2015). Final Report: Research Performance of Gross Pollutant Trap (GPT) Trapping Devices Versus Life Cycle Cost and Gross Pollutant Management Strategies Knowledge Database. Case Study of River of Life. The Humid Tropics Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, Malaysia.

DID (2017). Final Report: Research Performance of Gross Pollutant Trap (GPT) Trapping Devices Versus Life Cycle Cost and Gross Pollutant Management Strategies Knowledge Database. Case Study of River of Life. The Humid Tropics Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, Malaysia.

Hezri, A.A and N.M. Dom (2017). Customising IWRM at River Basin Level. Humid Tropics Centre Kuala Lumpur.

HTCKL (2016). Comparative Studies of Applying Stormwater Management Echohydrology and IWRM in Asia and Africa through UNESCO Category 2 Water Centre. Workshop Proceeding, 7 to 9 March 2016 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

HTCKL (2016). River Water Quality Treatment Using Phytoremediation Technique. Technical Report. The Humid Tropics Centre, Kuala Lumpur.

Sharip, Z., Ahmad T. A. Zaki, Mohd. A. H. M. Shapai, S. Suratman and A. J. Shaaban (2014). Lakes of Malaysia: Water quality, eutrophication and management. Lakes & Reservoirs Research and Management. Vol.19(2):130141.

Sharip, Z., Z., Saman, J.M., Noordin, N. (2016). Assessing the spatial water quality dynamics in Putrajaya Lake: a modelling approach. Modeling Earth System and Environment. Vol. 2: 114.

UN_Water (2013). Water Security and the Global Water Agenda: A UNWater Analytical Brief

UNEP (2014). Towards an Integrated Water Resources Management: International Experience in Development of River Basin Organisations. United Nations Environment Programme, Sudan.

UNESCO (2004). Water and Ethics. Water and Ecology. UNESCOIHP, World Commission on the Ethics of Scientific Knowledge and Technology.

UNESCO (2010). HELP: Hydrology for the Environment, Life and Policy. UNESCO, IHP.

UNESCO, WWAP and NARBO (2009). IWRM Guidelines at River Basin Level. http://unesdoc.unesco.org /images/0018/001864/186417e.pdf. Accessed on 27 January 2017.

Zalewski, M. (2002). Ecohydrology - integrative science for sustainable water, environment and society. Ecohydroly and Hydrobiology. Vol.2: 3-10.

Zalewski, M. (2013). Ecohydrology: processoriented thinking towards sustainable river basins. Ecohydrol. Hydrobiol., Vol.13: 97103.

The Regional Humid Tropics Hydrology and Water Resources Centre for Southeast Asia and The Pacific

(HUMID TROPICS CENTRE KUALA LUMPUR)No. 2, Jalan Ledang off Jalan Duta,

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Email : norlidamd@water.gov.mynorlidamd1@gmail.com