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Impact of Global Economic Crisis on Workers

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The Global Economic Crisis and Impact on Burma

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w.yfb_u.yfjydlOfj ymB;rmufjrD;uyfUudef;wluf;wFrfbtvjnefyAefqkrf;,dyf;u.ifjumifb nkyfUydlifbukrf;xdif;eMjvdef[if;acMeBU qmifj[drfyBm;rmufjrD;uefwif;vlify.ifqdkifjokduf;rmefjao yAefrM;vBjyB.;wdkuf;umifrdlif;? ayM;yAefrM;qdlifheef ulef;rdlif;cOfawrD;v.ifjwldOfhcldufjwmif;erf/

urf;vdkef;okwf; ckef@wFyf@yD@ tvjemif;,dif;qdlOf;rM;cOfj=rfj ymifukrfvlifc.yfjclyfb vFufjvBmjwmif;=Uemif;,dif; y.ufjurf (8) eefU nkyfbnlOf;vFufjvBmj v.ifjokefbvBj[Fif;umefao ,OfUwlOfjugMb/

ckef@wFyf@yD@)eifb[dkOfawtujvdwfjvBj yef[M[Fif;umef

,mefrdlif;eefU awvBj=Uv.ifjwmif; wifjtwbiOfjcmrfbydkefheefhrM;? qkrf;[Fif;umeftvjqkrf;oBmeFifj[Fif;umef vlOfbvBj[mifj[Fef; wMbawwFrfjzdkefvdufjwmifbxdkif v.ifjt[UuifjokefbvBj[Fif;umef,mefrdlif; nefrD;efg;rdlif;xB;/

,lbwDjemif;,dif; qdlOf;rM;cOfj=rfjymifvFufjvBmjwmif;=U cfgjzdlrfhxFrfoifxFifjefg;zdkefvdufjnefawwmifbxdkifeefh rD;qdlifh[kdOf <

wDjz.if;rdlif;vlifqdkifjxB;eefU olqOfjrD;v.ifjcfgjwmifbxdkifqdlifh[kdOf <

zljcOfj=rfjauMUedkifj)z.if;,mrf;[Fif;umef,mefrdlif;cOf wluf;umef

eefU cfgj{jxkufjyefidkef;qB.jxFrf rdlefeifb[Fif;


19

umefxB;? v.ifjvrf;wdp.yf;eefUauMj cgfj{jvlwf;,.rf;vlif;/

ckef@wFyf@yD@)wkuf;,.ef;v.ifjokefbvBjaowMU rmify.ufj

vlify.ifqdkifjcOf nrfbOBUyAefvrfbv.ifj? u.yfjydlOfjeB,lbwDj[Of;ao awvBjqdqrfjteyef v.ifjnefawudlwfbcdkefjyAefrM; ayM;OBm;ao v.ifjwdp.yf;,Ofheefh? ref;awqmifjwldOfhcdlufjrdlif;xB;cdkef;qdlOfh[kdOfz.ifjeBqldOf;eefU/

zljcOfj=rfjauMUedkifj)vlify.ifqdkifjxB; rD;acMjvBjqfgao vlif;vBm;

rdkOf;vdufj=rfjrBm okefbvBjokefbyAefulef;aowMUumefxlyf;rkdOf;_ v.ifjyAeftwUref;twU ayM;[Fif;umef,mefrldif; auMUnrfbrD;Owf;OfgoifeefU yAefnrfb,lbvDudefnrfbOmefao ugMb,lwf;,MwlOfwDj=if;,MeBqkdif vBjxkufbwdp.yf;ao olifby.ufjvFefvdef? u.yfjydlOfjeB rD;Owf;Ofg nrfbrD;Owf;OfgauMj,Ofh ulef;uljauMU {jvBjrD; v.ifjokefbvBjzAifbyAif;efg;umef,lwf;,MwlOfeB cgfjwkuf;,.ef;eifbeB/

ckef@wFyf@yD@)[Fif;umef,mefrdlif;uljauMU rD;Owf;Ofg nrfbrD;

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zljcOfj=rfjauMUedkifj)cfgj{jrBmrDjrldif;xB; t[UuifjyefyM;[Fif;umef

,mefrldif;uljauMU? tvj xFifjv.ifjekdifjtwU cufUw.efjv.ifjawMbnMb,lUOwf;Ofg_ Ofg[Awf;umefeefUref;rD;v.ifjokufhomufh,kifj,mifjOBhao wMbaw[Awf;{jref;,OfhwlOfjeefhauMj ref;vBjoAifjcmOf;,mrf;qfgUcmOf;,mrf;[dkiftwUtwU/

ckef@wFyf@yD@)nefxkufbvBjwkuf;,.ef;eefU wlOf[Fif;

umef,mefrldif; {jrD;okefbvBj ykefjwMbwmifb,.ef;[Awf;Owf;Ofg_ Ofg[Fif;umef[if;ulpf;? oifOMjeBm;qmifjulpf; rD;okefbvBjwmifb,.ef; [Awf;Owf;OfgyefeBqkdiftwU v.ifjudefqduf;w.ufbq.uf;uefeefh wdkef;awokdyfbrD;ugMb,lbwduf;wduf;/ okefumifyBm;rmufjrD;(Economic Zones)

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20

wDjefg;ymifvFufjvBmjwmif;=Uemif;,dif; y.ufjurf; (8) eBU vBjnkyfbnlOf;vFufjvBmyM; =OfacMjv.ifj]okefumifyBm;rmufjrD; Economic Zones} {jayM;qmifjvBjcBjqfg acMjvkdufUcdkufUcFrfU uAOfbvlpfjyBm;rmuf;rD; nefuAOfbc.ifhuefwmif; ulef;efg;wlifbOlif;wif;oAifj uljy.wf;w.efj/

n.efwmif;okwf; emif;&D@ulOfb vBjoyf;vFif;te wDjy.ifbacMjugmrf;nefOMj (oBmeFifjuyf;omefulef;,mefrdlif; wlifbwmifbtrjerfUc.if Mekong

Migration Network) tvj (okefumifyBm;rmufjrD;Economic Zone) rdlefeifbwDjwfgjeBU/

]oBmeFifjuyf;omef ulef;,mefrdlif; wlifbwmifbtrjerfUc.if} nefOMjeBU yAefqkrf;nefcOfjyM;OBUoyfberfUvFefvdef rdlefeifb trjerfhuAOf? trjerfhqOfjz,M; tvjtrjerfhc.if Mekong Migration

Network eB,Ofh/okefumifyBm;rmufjrD; nefOMjeBU wDjvFefvdef

qmyfjuef efg;tujumifrdlif;edkifjwmif;rdlif;edkifj rD;acMjvBjqfgwluf;vlif;uefao [Awf;umefyBm;rmufjrD;v.wfjv.wfjvFOf;vFOf;eefh,Ofh/

okefumifyBm;rmufjrD;vFefvdefeBh nrfbOMjyAeftujumifrdlif;rmefjwmif;rdlif;xB;ulpf; e.ufjrdlif;cOf

auMj rD;okefumifyBm;rmufjrD;vFefvdef wDjnefvFefvdef wdwf;qyf;uefeefh,Ofh/

rdlif;nefrD; okefumifyBm;rmufjrD;eefh eifb[dkOfyBm;rmufjrD;awcdkefj,fgb? a,;idkef;rkef;vFif; an;oJK;(Asia Development Bank) cOf urfh[Fif;qB.jxFrftwhtwh/ wlpf;ydkef;vif okefumifyBm;rmufjrD;vFefvdefqdkif ykefjwMbaw[Awf;n.ufb clOf;c.ifukefbuMUwmif;cBmeefh rD;ozMbOwdkef;vmif;yM;rM;qArfu.efb,Ofh/rdlefeifb wDjvdef? yMbrBU? clOf;c.ifn.ufbefg;vdefedlOfvdefqdlOf;eBh yAefozMbOwdkef;vmif;wif;oAifj/

e.ufjvldOfaoeefh ulef;qdlOf;nef,lbwDjvFefvdef qArfrdlOfjrdkefUodkef;u.efb ,mrfjrD;wlOfxlyf;uAOfbvlpfjyef[MyBm;rmu fjrD;,Ofhtvj awMbxdkif,mrf;vAOfauMj ,if;wkdufUvBjxlyf;pM;yef[MnefeBh,lbnrfbokwf;nrfbOBm;/

eifb[dkOfawtujvdwfjyef[M nefeBhvBjeefh,lbwDj a,;idkef;rkef;vFif;tn;oJK; ao[Awf;rM;acMjvBjqfgrdlif;yDjrdlif;e.ifh (Sister City Agreement)

ykefjwMbyBm;rmufjrD; rdlif;vFefvdefqmyfjuef {jrmufjrD;cdkefj,fgb/

vlify.ifqdkifjwif;o.ifrdlif;eBU rD;v.ifjtcUcAifbuef uAOfbvlpfjumefyBm;rmufjrD;ao eifb[dkOf awrD;erfhw.ef;z.ef;vDerftvj okefbvBj[Fif;umefwArfxlefjeefh vlOfbvBjnOfqfgofgbcyfhcdkifyef/

ndifedlOfacMjvBjqfg rdlif;yDjrdlif;e.ifheefhaoydefbyBbcOfjqfguef? zAifbyAif;uefao [Awf;omifj,lbwDjqdkifjrdlif; (2) rdlif; nefwluf;vlif;uefOBheefhao

zljauMUn.eferf;nkyfbnlOf;vFufjvBmj =OfacMjv.ifjeBhtwhyAef \D@ulOfb [\D@rM@ rldif;usymefb(Ms. Reiko Harima)

okefumifyBm;rmufjrD; Economic Zones


21

wMU yAefefg;aqjOAif;wDjvfgtwhtwhnefOMjeefhwdkufhvAyfj[Aef;o.ufj[M {jref;qFifjvFif;vD,lb/

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rdlOfjyD 2006 eefh rdlif;xB;cwf;qfg[Awf;omifj(okefumifyBm;rmuf;rD;vFefvdef) {jrD;v.ifjcdkyfjeMbckdefj,fgb/ rldOfjvAOfrdlif;xB; vBjvFufjvBmjvlify.ifqdkifj,OfUaowMU v.uf;ydlifnefeBU ,if;wkdufUqfgUwkdOf;,lb nrfbvFufjvBmjoif? ,krfb,rfOMj ayM;v.uf;ydlifnefeBU xkdifwDj,.wfj+wf;wDjyBmqdkif y.wf;w.efjvFefvdefauMj awrD;v.ifjuwf;,AefeB/

uAOfbvlpfjv.ifjwmif;nefeBUao zljerf;ymifemif;&D@ulOfb tvjzljcOfj=rfjcOf ydefbyBbvFufjvBmjnkyfbnlOf;uefeefU rdlefuefwif; ydlif;ZB;vFif;yefzO[Fif;umefefg;rdlif;rmefj/

[Of;rM;n.efuef vAyfj[Aef;wlpf;v.ifjnkyfbnlOf;vFufjvBmjcOfeefUvl; C

emif;&D@ulOfb[Fif;umefefg;rdlif;rmefjedkifjauMUeBU idkef;cOfj

erfokwf;ref; ekdifjOef;awvBjr.ufjuMj[kdOf <

zljcOfj=rfj (1)urfhyMjerf edkifjOef;awvBjr.ufj edkifj[AifysK;

(edkifjawMbvMbidkef;narb\duefb)/

zljcOfj=rfj (2)ekdifj[AifeBh yAefneferfokwf;,Ofh? urfjz.ifj

,if;vBjedkifjOef; 500 ulpf;anMj/

zljcOfj=rfj (3)rdlOfj,lbrdlif;rmefjeBh cMj,mrfjyAefcl;o.efanMj?

idkef;cOfjykefjwMb[Fif;umefefg;rdlif;rmefjeBU ndifedlOfcdifbcmOf;[Awf;umefao nrfbrD;OBhydlifwBm? ayM;yAefcmOf;[Awf;[Bj[Awf;eM;? cmOf;zkufbo.rfj? cmOf;ymwfbcOfjayMUcOfjqdlOf;eBU eifb[kdOfumefcOfaw,OfhwlOfj ckdwf;cdifbcmOf;,mrf;eefU cOfyefedkifjOef; 3000 yBm? oifOMjyAefumefusmrf;? umefauMbomifj ykefjwMb[Fif;umefqefhydkefhxmeftwU edkifjOef;vBj 500 -600 ulpf;/

emif;\D@ulOfb [\D@rM@

Ms. Reiko Harima

zljcOfj=rfj (4)cmOf;zkufbo.rfj [Awf;[Bj[Awf;eM;eBU vlify.if

qkdifjodkuf;rmefjcOf wFyf;wwf;uMj[Fif;edkifjOef; rD;efg;tuj 500-1000 ulpf;uMj qOfjeM;cOftwhrBjqfg ulOfumefnrfb,OfUtvj yeferfvdlOfeefU/

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ydkefh=UuFrfwlOf

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emif;&D@ulOfbqkrf; 8 yFwfbauMUqkrf;edkifjeefU {jyAef[Fif;

umef,mefrdlif; nefvkufhrdlif;rmefjrM;ao nkyfbnlOf;vFufjvBmjuef v.ifjOMj ayM;awugMbrdlif;xB; awugMb[Awf;umefoif < awugMbqdlifh[kdOf < xkufbvDugMb nrfbxkufbvDugMb < ayM;orfUugMbyAefaorAOf;rAOf; aw[Awf;[dkOf < nkyfbnlOf;uefv.ifjeBU C/

qkrf; 8 auMUxFifjqkrf;edkifjorfh {jyAefeBm;qmifj? qOfjidkef;wdkef;ao nkyfbnlOf;vFufjvBmjuefv.ifjvlif;wdkef;vmif;? v.ifjerfhrsmwfjerfhw.ef;tvjaw[Awf;[kdOf nkyfb=pf;r.ufbvmwfj vlify.ifqdkifj ykefjwMbumefyBm;rmufjrD;qOfjuOfb {jcdkyfjeMj {jayM;rD;erfUw.ef;erf nkyfbnlOf;uefv.ifjeBU C/

qkrf; 2 auMU rD;o.ifqkrf;eefU {jyAefzljrD;nmrf;emwfhxB; tvj{jyAefzljrD;nmrf;emwfhrmefj?awvBjnkyfbnlOf;vFufjvBmjuefOMj ndifedlOfjnefwDjeBm;qmifj? qOfjidkef;wkdef;cOf wmifbxdkifrM;qldOf;eefU q.ifbref;awrD;z.ef;vD wMbOmefjrdlif; rD;_nrfbrD;? aw[Awf;_ nrfb[Awf; nkyfbnlOf;uefv.ifjqdlOf;eBU (wlOf,mifbref; ykefjwMbv.ifjawMUolifb

zljcOfj=rfj (5)ulef;[Awf;umef efg;vkrf;efg;qB;twU edkifj

vdlefawvBjr.ufj 20b000 ysK;yBmyBm?

cl;o.efuOfbauMUedkifjidkef;vdlefcl;o.eftwh edkifjvdlefawvBj efg;

tuj 30b000-35b000? zwfhzAifbauMj edkifjOef;vBjr.ufj 1b000 yBmyBmeBUanMj/

emif;&D@ulOfbayM;rM;wlpf;cdkef; acMjrmwfjrBmyBm;rmufjrD; rldif;

usKbymefbqdkif v.ifjuMj[Fif;edkifjOef;edkifj[AifysK;eBUyAefnefanbawhtwh/

qOfjyBm;rmufjrD;cOf[efxdkifOMj ayM;rM;vlif;wdkef; [Awf;umefefg;rdlif;rmefjqkdif awrD;erfUw.ef;z.ef;vDerfeB,OfU/

,lbwDj[Of;cOfao ]okefumifyBm;rmufjrD;vFefvdef } eBU q.ifbref;awyAefrM; q.rf;eifb,dlif;,mef;cOf? yAef nrfbyAefnefOMjeefU [Of;rM;qFufbyAefqkrf;ao nkyfbnlOf;vFufjvBmjyBm;Olefhuefwlpf;/

qFufbyAefedkifjqkrf; 8 auMU o.ifqkrf;tvjedkifjqkrf; 2 auMU o.ifqkrf;/ rdlOfjwlOfjwef;,OfUeefU emif;&D@ulOfb odkyfboyf;vFif;teugMbeifbeB C

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umefuMUcBmeefU awvBj[Awf;(z.ufj)oAefjwmif;rfgb)tvj [Awf;clOf/ v.ifjeBm;qmifj awyefuMj[Fif;uMjqmifjxkufbxkufb tvj clOf;c.ifozMbOwdkef;vmif;Omefjrdlif; awclifomifjxkufjn.ufbqdlOf;eBU awvBjOlefUao nkyfbnlOf;yM;/

✦ umefnefOMjeBU yAefumefzkufbo.rfj? umef=if;imef;=if;qmufjqdlOf;eBjtvj xmrfwlpf;ulef;auMUnef,mrfjugMb[Awf;umefqdlOf;eefU/

✦ umefzkufjo.rfjeBU ayM;qfgUwdkOf;,MjcMjqdlOfUrFif; q.ifbawyAefu.ifUyAef,mif? q.ifbawrD;tz;/

✦ umef=if;qmufjeBU q.ifbrD;v.ifjvlrfqfg? v.ifj,lbv.ifjudef tvjv.ifj=rfbvlrfj/

urf;eBU nkyfbnlOf;vFufjvBmjuef efg;qkrf;zfgqkrf;ref;? ayM;,Ofh,Ofh [Of;cdkef;rM;oyf;vFif;teuefwif;oAifj? rD;cmOf;,mrf; 30 eM;xD; C/

✦ ,mrf;vAOfwlOf[Of;cMj yAef[Fif;umef,mefrdlif;,Ofhtvj OlefUq.rf;iOf;vBm; nefyAeftwheefhcMj,Ofh? ayM;awugMb[Awf;umefefg;rdlif;xB; awugMbwDjvfg?awugMb[Awf;nDjoif? vkufhwDjrdlif;rmefjaoawMbxdkifwDj[Awf;umefeefU awvBjzmefbvmefbqdlOf;vfg vBmwDj? awoAifjuMj[kdOf? awvBjidkef;uMj[kdOf qldOf;eBUawvBjOlefU/✦ awvBjxmrfwlpf; auMUnefrD;wlOfxlyf;rM;[Awf;umefefg;rdlif;xB;/

acMjoyf;vFif; qkrf;[Fif;umef,mefrldif;

awvBjOlefU v.if;okefumifyBm;rmufjrD; aw[Awf;wDjvfg awvdlufjumefimef;qdlOf;vfgao[Awf;/

acMjoyf;vFif; qkrf;zljrD;nmrf;emwfh

♦ rdlOfjqmifjulef;[Awf;umef vBjyefuMjqmifjwDj[Fif;umefqBm;erfvdlOfuMjqmifj[Fif;umef,dif;/♦ u.yfjeB oifOMjvlOfb[Fif;umef 3b000 eB awnOfulef;qBm; 500 auMU tvjemif;,dif;orfU awnOf 2b500 auMU? qldifUeBaw qifbawrD;erfUw.ef;z.ef;vDerf/

acMjoyf;vFif; eBm;qmifj_ qkrf;qOfjidkef;wdkef;

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rdlOfjz.if; zljcOfj=rfjvBjqFufbyAefqkrf;ao

nkyfbnlOf;vFufjvBmjuefugmifjugmifjcgmifcgmif/

ydkefh=UuFrfwlOf

24

♦ oifOMjrD;idkef;vlif;wdkef; 30 vmefUeBqkdif10 vmefheefh aw[kyfjodrf;OBU ykefjwMbqfgUqBmbuljv.ifjv.ifj? 20 vmefheefh awqfgUwdkOf;ykefbwMb=if;qmufj wMbumefyefbvBjvD/ efg;eefh awqfgUwdkOf;yM;uMjawMUolifb? uMjqmifjzljrD;erfhuwfhwmif;arM tvjuMjqmifj[Fif;umef/♦ awnkyfbnlOf;ilyfhiduefwmif;vlify.ifqdkifj wMbawwifj=if;qmufj tvjwMbauMbomifjwdkufxFOftvj =def;a,;wDj,lbwef;oOf; nefvlOfb/

emif;&D@ulOfboifOMj yAefaoqdlOfUaoydlif efg;cgmifb[Awf;umef

eefh q.ifbrD;okefbvBjwmifbxdkifwDjvlify.ifqdkifj<

zljcOfj[lrfjauMUedkifjrD;twhrD;,lb ulpf;uMj wmifbxdkifteauMjnrfb

rD;v.ifjyFufbydlifoifrM;/

xFifjauMUedkifj,MbayOMj ulef;rdlif;,lOf;,lOf;vMj ulef;[Awf;

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q.rf;eifb vBjnkyfbnlOf;vFufjvBmjwmif;[efxdkifuefrM;eefU urf;vdkef;okwf; emif;&D@ulOfb cdkef;[kyfjao oyf;vFif;teyefcdkef;/✦ ,lbwDj[Fif;umefao nefeBm;qmifj_ qOfj

idkef;wdkef;cOfvmwfjugMbeefU vBj=U[efnDjoifz.ifj/

✦ oifOMj umefcOfvlUokrf;tvj vBjudkwf;ugMbqdkifawvdlOfnDjoifOBh yefykefjwMbulef;rdlif;/

✦ wkduf;_=if;qmufj nefudkwf;OBUqdlOf;eefU awqfgUwdkOf; ykefjwMbnDjoif/

✦ wDjtwhref; acMj,dlif;nmef; ]okefumifyBm;rmufjrD;eBU yAefykefjwMb umefyBm;rmuf;rD; {jzAifbyAif;uef? idkef;cOfjwD;efg;OAif; tvjidkef;cOfjwDje.ufjOAif;? nefuB,mef efg;cl;efg;OAif;qldOf;eefU {jrD;v.ifj zAifbyAif;uefrM;/okefumifyBm;rmufbrD; twb[Awf;wDjvFefvdefefg;tujo.ifrdlif;/

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26

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27

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28

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29

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♦ vlify.ifqdkifjxB; vmwfjOBUOMj aw[Awf;{jxwf;x.if;ulef;udkuf;rldif;eBU ,OfUwlOfjvBj efg;cmOf;wmif;edkifjyD? okefxwf;x.ifulef;udkuf;rldif; vFefvdefedkifjwDjeefU awnmef;,OfUvBj ekdifjOef; 200omrfwDjauMj edkifjOef;aw,OfhvBj 600 ymufbauMU?efg;rdlif;xB; rdlOfjvAOfrD;[Fif;umef,mefrldif; rldif;rmefj,lboOf;rD;,lbr.ufj 200b000b0 (o.ifvmefh) auMU?eyfUwlpf;,OfU ayM;{jref;vBjuefuljauMUeB awqfgUcmOf;,mrf;,lbr.ufj 9 yD/♦ ayM;qFwfjwlpf; v.ifjyAefulef;udkuf;rdlif;eBtwU ydkef;okefbwlOf[Of;auMj ugMbxkdifefg;rdkOf;odkuf;rmefjcOfrlwf;? u.yfjydlOfjOMj yAefulef;n.ufbrdlif;rM;vlpfjnrfbxkufbrFefjq.rf; yuf;ydlifrBmrDjOmefjrdlif;tvj qOfjeMjwDjodkuf;rmefjcOf qmifj[Mwif;zdwf;ofgb[Of;? rmifOmefjeBh u.yfjydlOfjodkuf;rmefjcOf=UOMj rM;[Awf;umefrdlif;xBm;eB ugMbrldOf;v.ufbidkwfj ,.ef;idkef;wDjayMjtrjyDje.ifU nefqdlOf;udkwf;OBhwmif;vifeefh?u.yfjydlOfjeeftvj yAefyef[Mvlifnefedkifj wMbawOBUOmif;qfgvBj/♦ wMbawxwf;x.if v.ifjyAefulef;udkuf;rdlif;eefh cufhw.efjref;erfeMb? ulef;[Fif;umefrdlif;rmefjcOf qdlOf;nrfbarMvdufjxB; tvjnrfbayM;arMvmwfjugmrf;xB;eefU xlyf;v.ifj,myfbzdkwfb? v.ifjqdlOf;eBhref;okufh,kifjao rD;nefruf;cefjOBherfeMtvjawMjeifbeBm;qmifjcOf yAefulef;xB;,if;ugif,lb? eBhtwU awvBjOMj v.ifjydkefzmOfb nrfbxdkifwDjxdkifwmif;eB[dkOf/♦ emif;cOftwh ayM;OMjcOfjrM;+wfjefg;rdlif;xB;,OfhauMj ykefjwMbv.ifj=rfbvlrfjeB eifb[dkOfayM;aw,lbvBj efg;aujumifulef;xB;cOfjiBmjiBmjeefhauMjydlifedkifj? rdlOfjugMb[Awf;Ofg[Fif;umefeefU vBjvBmjqdkOfjyFwfjurf;vAOf,Ofh? ,.efheeftvj qdkOfjcMjemif; wDjefg;Ofgulef;[Awf;umeftvj efg;rBmzmif_ Ofguyf;wlOfwDjrdlif;

ydkefh=UuFrfwlOf

30

rmefjeefU wdkef;nrfbrdlefuef? ayM;yAefeef q.ifbaw xwf;x.if v.ifjyAefulef;udkuf;rldif;vBj[dkOf/♦ [Of;twU udlwfbedlOfvB.? ,fgbq.rf;=pfjq.rf;vB.rBmzmif_ Ofguyf;wlOfauMjnrfbrD;? OfgudlwfauMjnrfbrD;OfgoAefjrBmulef;=def; (xyAef@ymefU) auMjnrfbrD;?nrfbrD;oif aw[Awf;[dkOfqmifjawugMbxwf;x.ifv.ifjyAefulef;udkuf;rdlif;wDjvfgvBj/♦ emif;orfUedkifjcFefjeMbvdlOfeefUanMj? ,lbrldif;rmefjauMj nrfbrD;Ofguyf;wlOf wDjrdlif;xB;auMjnrfbrD;Ofguyf;wlOfoifaorAOf;? emif;yAefulef;rdlif;vfgeBeefUauMj emif;nrfbqmifjnOfvuf;xmefoiftevBj/♦ [Of;twU rD;Ofguyf;wlOf,lb? wDjOmefjyAefymifwkduf;tvj Omefj=def;auMjZB;rBjyFwfjao vBjvufhn.ufbyBmjrM;ulpf;? nrfbwef;vBjoif? aw[Awf;[dkOfugMbxwf;x.if v.ifjyAefulef;udkuf;rdlif;/♦ [Of;twU u.yfjOMjyAefulef; [Awf;umefOmefjumefrldif;tvj ayM;ugMbxwf;x.if v.ifjyAefulef;udkuf;rdlif;auMj rdlefwmif;yBugMb[Mc.ufjulpf;,OfU/♦ ayM;awugMb xwf;x.ifv.ifjyAefulef;udkuf;rdlif;eB awvBjugMbq.rf;uefwif;ayMjvAifheBnrfbqfgj[dkOfrdlefemif;eBhtwh ayMjvAifhwdkef;nrfbugMbolifb? ,MbzlrfjOMjugMbwDjuBuBq.rf;vFefvdefaovMj awMjeifb{jugMbolifbwDjvkrf; qwf;[Mumefefg;OAif;eBUulpf;,if;OMjumefokufh,kifjeMb? oAifjcmOf;,mrf;eB ukrfby.ifhao nOfcdkef;yAefOef; nOfOef;yAefcdkkef;,lbqdlifheefulpf;? wMbaw[Awf;Ofg[Fif;umef cMjemif;ulpf;rdlOfjcmOf;,mrf;udkwf;xFifjOef;vAOfeefh ref;qifbuB.jq.rf;olifb? nvlOfU! ref;nrfbiBmjiBmj/♦ nvlOfU! oAifjuMjqfgUqBmberfeMbaeM? cMj[Awf;umefedkifjvdlef awMUtwhvBjo.if[Aifulpf;? rdlOfj[Awf;Ofg[Fif;umefeefU cMj,if;vBjugMbulj,drfydlefjaovBjyefcDjref; xdkifrdlOfjvAOf,if;yBbwFef;cdkef;rlwf;/

♦ w.efbwMbawugMbxwf;x.if v.ifjyAefulef;udkuf;rldif;eefh ref;okufh,kifjeMb? eBm;eMjcOfaw[Awf;yef {jref;iBmjOMjqdlifheBauMjrD;? nOfidkef;r.efwDjqOfjeMjwDjcOfauMj qmifjyAefrM;vBj/

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31

OMj ayM;nrfbugMbxwf;x.if v.ifjyAefulef;udkuf;rdlif;qkdif awnrfbrD;okefb wMb,lbefg;rdlif;xB;vBj,Ofh?,.efUeeftvj ulef;[Fif;umefrdlif;rmefjcOf qfgnrfbrlefjnrfbodlOf;/

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eefh,Ofh zljerf;ymifukrf qifjvBjodkyfbnkyfbukrfuefugMbxFifj qdlifheifbyMjwfgjeBh/

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ayM;awwmifbxdkif vmwfjteqdlifheefeBh[Awf;yAefrlbyAefqkrf;aowmifbeefh awrD;erfheuf;vdlOf tvjxdkifwDjxkdifwmif;ao [Of;wmifbvmwfj[if;ulpf;auMUvAOf/

nefyAefqkrf;[Of; nFrf@nFrf@nFef@ MMN

(Mekong Migration Network) nefOMjeBU ref;yAefqkrf;nef [Awf;umefuAOfbuyf;vlpfjwif; ulef;[Fif;umef,mefrdlif;cOf nefvFefvdefwdwf;qyf;erfUc.if? rldif;nefwdwf;qyf; erfhtrjc.ifeefUtwU

rD;,lb 6 rldif;/ rdlefeifb rdlif;tcb? rdlif;rmefj? rdlif;vmOf;rdlif;xB;? rdlif;urfbayM;wD;,M; tvjrdlif;OFwfhemrf@/

efg;rdlif; 6 rdlif;eBU awrD;qkrf;nefnrfbqfgjvlify.ifqdkifjokdyfb,lif;uef (=rfjuef_uyf;odkyfbuef)ao wlifUekdif[Awf;umefq.rf;uefeefU =rfjuefawrD;,lb 30 yBm?

eMjumefv.ifj,myfbzdkwfbvlif nefulef;[Fif;umefcOf vBjxlyf;vBjpM;,lbqdlOf;eefh awuAyf;+rfw.rfqk? vAyfj[Aef;wlpf;ao awcdkef;nOfilyfhidnkyfbnlOf;uef efg;w.efjvfgw.efjeefh,Ofh wmifbvmwfjteyef? vdlOfaoeefh aw[Awf;n.ufbyAefyyfhaotvj ydkeftzj? qB.jxFrfyef yBm;yefbpMb wMbulef;[Fif;umef,mefrldif;cOf eifb[dkOfayM;awrD;erfhuwfhwmif;cFefberfwdlOf;vdlOfrM;xFifjqdlOf;eBh/

nef[Of;cMj vBjnkyfbnlOf;uefrM; yMjedlOfqldOf;eBUeefU uAOfbuyf;v.ifj,myfzdkwfb v.ifjwMbawxwf;x.ifulef;udkuf;rdlif;eefU ,lbwDjzljcOfjqkrf;MMN wif;rlwf;ao awcdkef;nkyfbuefxFifjurf;ekdifj OBm;aoeefU aw[Awf;zdkefvdufjy.ifbvFif;xdkifwDjvlify.ifqdkifj nefrD;ykefjz.ef;cOfeefU,lb? wMbawwmifbvmwfj wmifb,.ef;qdlifUeefauMj qkrf;

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ydkefh=UuFrfwlOf

32

emif;,dif;[Of;cMjauMj vlOfbvBjcwf;qfgofgb[Fif;aotvjcOfj[lrfjyM;eefh,Ofh?

wmif;,myfbzdkwfb nef[Of;xlyf;tvj v.ifjcfgjvBjcfgjyAef nef[Of;wmifb,.ef;qdlOf;eBU [Awf;vdufjao wmifbvmwfjtewDj qOfjeMjwDjcOfulpf; ref;nrfbyBbyAif;ayM; nrfbyBbwArfxlefj? v.ifjwlifhedkifauMjvlOfbvBjyef[Fif;nD;q.rf;xFifj/

OBm;aoymifvFufjvBmjwmif;[lUemif;,dif;,OfUwlOfjugMb,OfU ayM;xdkifrM;Oef;emif;,dif;vkrfjZMUvdlefrmwfUcsf Oef;xd 8 eefU emif;,dif;[Of; awcOfj=rfjyM;efg;Oef;emif;,dif;vkrfjZMUeefU/

efg;Oef;eefU awrD;qkrf;emif;,dif;xB;cOf?qOfjeMjwDjzBmbnkyfhydlifbtqjw.efjuAif;rBbcOf? emif;,dif;vkrfjZMUcOf? ulef;qmOf;cdlOf; tvjemif;,dif;[Fif;umefrdlif;rmefjqdlOf;eBU awrM;[lyfhxlyf;nkyfbukrfuef? eifb[dkOfwmif;,myfbzdkwfb[Of;eefh awvBj

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OBm;aoymifnkyfukrfuef,OfhwlOfjugMb,OfheefhoAif+ifhoFefbemif;,dif;cOf orfUayM;vifu.ifjvlifugMbefg;+ifjymifukrfeefh? qdlifheefao cOfauMjn.efuefwlifhwdkefb wMbawcOfj=rfj efg;Oef;emif;,dif;vkrfjZMU nefawrM;xdkif efg;Oef;xd 8 vdlefrmwfhcsfeefU,OfU/

z.rfhueftvj! z.rfhueftvj!

OBm;ao ymifukrfvlifc.yfjclyfb vFufjvBmjwmif;=Uemif;,dif; Women Exchange Get Together

y.ufjurf; (8) ,OfU? efg;vdlefusLbvBmb July eefUz.if;vlifzBmbefg;rdlif; (u\M@olif@r[mwfxB@) rldif;xB;vBj[Awf;yef Ofgnek,mwfb axM;a&M; 38_1 wMbaw,lbvBjefg;rdlif;xB; y.ufjurf;qAwf;? y.ufjeBhcOfvmwfjOMj yAefy.ufjvdkef;okwf;nef[Awf;yefOwf;OfgOMjeB/

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rBmw.if;

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33

nefawvmwfjte rdlOfjvAOfeBh uAOfbuyf;v.ifjyBm;yefbpMb? yBm;yefbpMbeBh nrfbvdlufjqmOf;cdlOf;tvjzMboMb? nefemif;,dif;cOf vBjnkyfbukrfuefv.ifjwMbawzdkuf;erfhuwfheefh rD;qkrf; Pestalozzi (zFwfhxv.uf@qD@) cOf erf;eMjao nkyfbukrfugMb/

rdlOfjawbydkwfbymifukrfeefh n.efwmif;okwf;emif;,dif;qdlOf;nefcOfj[lrfjymifukrfcOf n.efuefwlifhwufh uyf;odkyfbrdkwfjudkOf;uefugMb/

v.ifjvmufbvBm;nefedkifjtwh eif;,dif;cOfvBjr.ufbvmwfjteherf;wlOfyM; v.ifjOMj [Of;yAefqmOf;cdlOf;oif/

ulef;qmOf;cdlOf; nefcOfj[lrfjyM;efg;ymifukrfeefh rD;qmOf;cdlOf;,mif;vFif? ,mif;zdlufb? yv.ifj? cmif?r.ef;? wnmif; (vM;[lb)? wB;? r.ef;? ynlOf;? ncMb?xtOb? uluD; tvj &cBmb qArfqdlOf;eBU? OBm;aovBjuyf;odkyfbwlifhwufh rdkwfjudkOf;uef,Ofh ckef@ol@ auMUyAefzljerf;ymifukrf qifbxmrfemif;,dif; qdlOf;cOfj=rfjefg;ymifukrfeefhOMj qmOf;cdlOf;rAOf;edkifj tvjwmif;rAOf;edkifj q.ifb[lUv.ifjZdifjtijZdifjxkif;uef,lb[dkOf?emif;,dif;cOfauMj cdkef;w.yfbOMj nrfb=UeB,OfU/ckef@ol@ orfUcdkef;xmrfxFifjOMj u.yfjoiftvjnrfb

=UeB? emif;,dif;cOfauMj cdkef;w.yfbxFifj yAefvBm;zfgvBm;ref; rdlefeifbyMjwfgjeBU,OfU C/♦ nrfbrD;okefbvBj wMbawugMbcmOf;wmif;? Omefj

edkifjtvjOmefjedkifj? y.wf;edkifjtvjy.wf;edkifj[mifbuBuef tvjugMbrM;[Muef,myfb/

♦ nrfbvBjcdkefj[lif;[Aef;/♦ cMjemif;twU ,mrfjcdkefj=if;[Aef;,lb ulpf;uMj

rdlOfjz.if;cdkefj=if;[Aef;eefh nrfbvBj[Aef;v.ifjZdifjtijqmOf;cdlOf;? ,.efUeeftvjnrfb=Uv.ifjnefrD;qmOf;cdlOf;? ulef;wmif;erfnefnrfbrdlefuefeefhauMjnrfbvBj=U/

♦ vlify.ifqdkifjauMj nrfbvmwfjte v.ifjydkef;tvj v.ifjZdifjtij ulef;wmifbqmOf;cdlOf;/

♦ w.efjwMb cMjemif;twh ayM;vmwfjv.ifj qdlOfhcdlOf; nrfbeef qmOf;cdlOf;eBtwh ref;rdlefeifb=OfUnkwfbvlif rM;a[huefjOBUyFwfjwmif;eMjeefUcMj,OfU/

♦ cMjemif;twh v.ifjOMj rD;qmOf;cdlOf; vBmqmOf;cdlOf;nrfbrdlefuefeBeefU rdlOfjrM;+wfjxdkifwDjrdlif;xB;,OfU qifbuB.j[lUulpf;/

qdlifUeef,OfU eifb[dkOfayM;awvBj=Uv.ifjqmOf;cdlOf; uljqmOf;cdlOf;? eifb[dkOf ayM;awvBjnkyfbnlOf;cOfj[MuefeBao zljerf;ymifukrf qifbvBjqwf;nOfulef; nefcOfj[lrfjefg;ymifukrf 23 auMUeefU [Awf;yAef 6 qkrf;aonkyfbukrfuef? v.ifjwmif;

Multi-cultural education

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ydkefh=UuFrfwlOf

34

nefnkyfbukrfuefeefUtwU yAef;ugmrf;xmrfrdlefeifbyMj wfgjeBh,Ofh?1) ZdifjtijZdifjxkif;[Of;orfh yAefnDjoifvMb?

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2) uAOfbuyf;v.ifj ZdifjtijeefUao [Of;orfhawcfgj{jvkufje.ifUy.ifjyBm[Of; vAyfj[Aef;v.ifjnDjoifz.ifj/

3) =if;[Aef;edkifjwDjeefU nefuAOfbuyf;yBm;yefbpMborfU vlOfbnDjoifvBmvBm? wDjefg;=if;[Aef;nefOlefhnOfulpf;eefh (nrfbyBbrD;=if;[Aef;OlefUnOfefgwMulpf;) [Of;orfUawcfgjnOfnDjoifo.efyefvkufj[Aef;(vkufjn.efb)cOf?

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ckef@ol@ qkrf; zFwfhxv.uf@qD@

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acMjvrfbv.ifj nefxkufbvDvBj=UaoydlefjeefU yAefv.ifjwlpf;v.rf v.ifjrlwf;ofg tvjv.ifjt[Uuifj? rdlOfjz.if;vdlwfjzdlufbvlif;tvjoif? rdlOfjvdlwfj=Ofvdlefvlif;tvjoif? vDvBjOBUZmifUtwhtwh/ emif;,dif;cOf rdlOfjtwbyAefomOfcdkefjrM;eefUvdlwfjzdlufbawvlif;tvj awclrf;q.rf;cdlifjnifbuMb,OfU/

xFifjv.ifjedkifj z.if;rdlOfjvdlwfj=OfvdlefrM;eefU edlOfUeifwmif;efg;cdlifjnifbuMb awnlefjelef;nlefjn.efbao qdlOfUrlifjrFif;wmif;e.ufj qmifjcOfjvBjiBmj,OfU? eifb[dkOfawt[UuifjvBjeefU awvBj[Awf;v.ifjrlwf;ofgokufjvmifUyefwMbaob? rdlOfjokufjvmifUcdlifjnifbuMbeefU nrfbxkufbvD nOfrdkOf;qluf;vmifUxdkifwmif;efg;/

awvBjnOfwmif;erfUnefrlwf;ofg tvjomyfjysMb (u.efjxl) nrfbeef erfU,MvmifUcdlifjnifbuMbqdlOf;eBU? xFifjv.ifjedkifj eifb[dkOfcdlifjnifbuMbawrlwf;ofgeefU ulefy.wf;_ ulefwmif;efg;auMjawvBjrD;v.if;rlwf;ofg? awvBjoufUao wmufbefg;vFwfb {jref;[Fifj[Fifj/

vdwfhqf Liz odkyfbvmwfjtexFifj v.ifjnefwDjOmefjrdlif; cdkwf;umyfjcdkefj,fgbeefU qfgUwdkOf;cdlifj

urfUuFrf ykefjwMbyBm;,lbvD tvjv.ifjOmif;zFefeMj=def; rdlefeifb qfgUwdkOf;xlif,mifneM@rB@ condom

xkufbvDqfgUwdkOf;xlif,mifneM@rB@ (condom)

ykefjwMbawt[Uuifjwmif;yAef nefqmifjwdwf;rM;vlpfj v.ifj=rfjuMbr? oifOMjqfgUwdkOf;xlif,mifneM@rB@ rFefjv.uf;xkufbvBm;ref;qdkif t[UuifjyefvBj wmif;yAefulpf;nrfbuM; t[UuifjyefvBjyM; v.ifjqyf;vkufjrD;vkufj,OfU/

ykefjwMbemif;,dif; nefqdlOf;udef,Mjt[Uuifjoefbtxbaotvj nrfbxkufbrFefjedlwfhvdlwfjeefU qfgUwdkOf;xlif,mifneM@rB@eBUqkdif yAefv.uf;vBm; neft[UuifjoefbaxbvDaoydlefj,OfU/

xlif,mifneM@rB@ rD;o.ifrAOf;? ykefjwMbulef;qBm; tvjykefjwMbemif;,dif;

xlif,mifneM@rB@ ykefjwMbulef;qBm;eBU nOfeifavMbyMb (,mifzM;vM;)[Awf;OBU? yAefxlif,mifOmifOmif nlefjn.efbcdlifbcrfh tvjqef,dkwfjvBj? wDjyBmxlif,mifeefU rD;rdlefeifbwdefbelrf;OBU tvjyAefykefjwMbqfgUwdkOf;vBjedkifjy.ufjulpf;/

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vdwfhqf qkrf;nFrf@zM@OdlOf@

ydkefh=UuFrfwlOf

46

qmifjaw[Awf;{jxlif,mifodufb nrfbeefauMj vBmjxFifjxlif,mifnefrfgb/

6) ayM;=rfjuMbr,OfU nOfaqjxdwfhosL; nrfbeefzFefbnefrlwf;ofgeefU a[Mbao[kwfjn.ufburf;vAOf/

7) awvBjnOfaqj yluf;a[Mbxlif,mifeefUaonOfyFwfjefg;xmif,kuf;,muf;eefhvDvD/

8) xlif,mifneM@rB@eBU awvBjuAyf;odrf;OBUwDjnefnrfbayM;rBjylefU? rFif;omyfbnrfbclyf;elnrfb,qldOf;eBU? ayM;nrfbrD;erfUref;avMbvdkefjref;[FifjOBhqkdif nrfbvDqfgU,OfU/

v.uf;vBm;qfgUwkdOf;xlif,mifneM@rB@ulef;qBm;

1) awvBjwlpf;Oef;xd nef[Awf;n.ufb? Oef;rlwf;nMb,k? v.ifj,fgbvAufU tvjoifOMjxlif,mifeefU ref;rD;+B;odufby.ifbOBU_ ref;rlwf;nMb,k,OfUqkdif nrfbxkufbvDqfgUwkdOf;/

2) rdlOfjulef;ulef;qBm; wlOfjwef;wMb=rfjuMbr,OfU (cFif,OfU) qifbodufbydkwfbnOfxlif,mifrM;okyf;qfgUwkdOf;? awvBjZmifU rdlOfjodufbxlifref;eefU ulOfeAyfUrdkOf;wldOfUpM;xlif,mifneM@rB@ao ulOfref;odufby.ifb/

3) OBm;okyf;ofgb,OfU cdkef;qFwfjwlpf;OMj q.ifb[Of;ofgbrFefjwmif;ref;/

4) rdlOfjnifbuMbulef;qBm;cFif,OfUqkdif ,dyf;wDjyBmref;eefhao okyf;ofgb{jxkdifiOfjcldifjnifbuMbtvj,Mb{jwDjyBmref;eefUrD;vlrf; ref;awqmifj[Awf;{jxlif,mifeefhy.ifb/

5) rdlOfj=rfjuMbr[dkifeefU erfUref;avMbvdkefjxlif,mifqmifb[Fifjtvj {jnOferfUOBm@ac@tus@vD@eefhwM;yef? awnrfbvBjnOferfhref;wM;clef[lOf tvjerfhref;wmifbrAOf;wM;?

ayM;nrfbcfgjqfgUwdkOf; xlif,mifneM@rB@ulef;qBm;auMj qfgUwdkOf;xlif,mifneM@rB@emif;,dif;/xlif,mifneM@rB@emif;,dif;eBU nOf,mifavMbyMbnlefjeefUao [Awf;OBUeifbuOfb? wDjymufbxlif,mifeefU rD;nAefeifavMbyMbcFif yAefc.yfbwlifbrlef;OBhefg;xlif,mifeefhauMj rD;wlifb,mifavMbyMbnlefjwlifbedkifj/ acMjvDxlif,mifneM@rB@emif;,dif;eBhofgbOBUn.efwmif;qArfrldOfj[Off;nrfbyBbwlOfjwef;wMb

v.uf;vBm;qfgUwkdOf;xlif,mifneM@rB@ulef;,dif;


47

=rfjuMbreefUauMjvBj? ayM;qfgU,OfUauMj nOfn.ufbrM;vmifU{jrlwf;ofgao cdkef;qfgUvBjxFifj 2-3 y.ufj/

eef awnrfbrD;v.ifjokufUqfg rdlOfjrD;vlrf;cfgj=rfjuMbr[mOfj[Fif;,OfU/

5) xlif,mifneM@rB@emif;,dif;eBU qfgUvBjuwf;uwf;,Aef,Aef nrfbrdlefeifbxlif,mifneM@rB@ulef;qBm; ayM;rD;vlrf;auMj eFwfjofgb ayM;,OfUauMj eFwfjnOfn.ufb/

6) rdlOfjqfgUwdkOf;eefU nrfbuFefbnrfbcFif nrfbrD;v.ifjokufhomufhqfg/

7) xlif,mifneM@rB@emif;,dif;eBU cdlifbcrfhvDnrfbrD;nBmoif qfgUerfhref;ofgtvjerfhref;rkdefjwM;auMjvBj/

1) xlif,mifneM@rB@emif;,dif;eBh cdlifbcrfhnlefjn.efb yAefxlifeifOmif [efy.ifbvBjwmif;e.ufjwmif;efg;? nOf,mifavMbyMbao[Awf;OBU? rdlefeifbxlif,mifneM@rB@ulef;qBm; rD;wmif;,mOf;r.ufj[luf;edOfhcdkifjrdlefuef rD;ymufbc.yfbwlifbnlefj qef,dkwfjugmifjvBj/

2) zBmbwmif;efg;eefUauMj rD;wlifbeif,dkwfjnefedkifj? rdlOfj=rfjuMbrq.rf;ulef;qBm;eefUwlifbeif,dkwfjneffeBU qB.j[Awf;{jxlif,mifneM@rB@ ,lbwDj,lbwmif;xkufbrFefj/

3) xlif,mifneM@rB@emif;,dif;eBU cFefja[UOBUvFrfjnifbuMb ulef;qBm; tvjemif;,dif;wmif;efg;ao rD;v.ifja[Uuifjyef ymufbrlefUvkufjtvjwmif;e.ufjcdlifjnifbuMbemif;,dif;/

4) xlif,mifneM@rB@emif;,dif;eBU ofgbOBhn.efwmif;qArfrdlOfjyBb=rfjuMbr 8 qlOfjrlif;? u.yfj

vBm;[Awf;omifj xlif,mifneM@rB@ulef;,dif;

1) qFwfjwlpf;Oef;vdlefyD edlOfa[Mbxlif,mif/2) odufbxlifwDjteOBU [mifjydkwfumifbaoqef

n.ufbrM; xlif,mifneM@rB@/3) clpfbwlifbwmif;efg;eefU nOfedOfhqdedOfhumif

tvj edOfUvlif,dyf;=rfbwlrf;OBhwmif;e.ufjxlifao,dyf;nOf/

v.uf;vBm;qfgUwkdOf;xlif,mifneM@rB@ulef;,dif;

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ydkefh=UuFrfwlOf

48

4) ayM;,OfUauMj nOfedOfUrdkOf;qdlOf;eefU rdyfbao vdrfbwlifb{jyAefzmif[mifjwlOferfUnif;udwf; wlOfeyfU 8 ,Ofh ,dyf;OBheFefjeFefj/

5) ,lbykifbzmif[mifjomifbxkufjeefhao nOfxlif,mifneM@rB@ ofgbcOfjefg;cdlifjnifbuMb (zmif[mifjrD; 3 rAOf;) 1_ qkuf;ao ,lufhcMc.efedkifjwmifbOBhwDjokifaonOfofgb? 2_ e.ef;aoofgb3_ tvj eifjaonOfofgb/

6) rdlOfjofgbeefh nOfedOfhrdkOf;,dyf;OBUwlifb eFefjeFefj,OfU nOftobcOfj {jxdkifwmif;efg;?+wfjxdkifuMj[kdOfauMjvBj? nOfedOfUqd (nrfbeef) edOfUumif ofgbefg;xlif,mifaobcOfjq.rf;efg;nifbuMb? ar;xlif,mifneM@rB@ {jcOfjwDjcOfjwmif;/

7) ayM;ofgb,OfU wmif;e.ufj=;cldifjnifbuMbeefUawrD;nAefc.yfbwlifbrlef; ymufbxlif tvjxlif,mif,mOf;r.ufjedkifjedOfhudkwf;OBh? rdlOfj=rfjuMbreefU awudkwf;anb awrD;wmif;efg;/

8) xlif,mifneM@rB@eBU cOfjq.rf;oAefjwmif;cdlifjnifbuMbemif;,dif;ao ugMb=rfbwlrf;OBU =;ymufbrlefUvkufj/

9) rdlOfjnOfcldifjnifbuMbulef;qBm; ofgbcOfjefg;cdlifjnifbuMbemif;,dif;eefU nAefc.yfbwlifbnefrD;wmif;e.ufjeefU nOfrdkOf;edOfjedkifj nrfbeefo.ifedOfU wAuf;xdif;OBhyeft,jcFef;vD/

✦ rdlOfj=rfjuMbreefU cldifjnifbuMbulef;qBm; ugMbwrfpM; nAefc.yfbwlifbymufbxlif,miftvj[Awf;{jnAefc.yfbwlifbymufbxlif uAefcOfjugMbwmif;efg;/

✦ xFifjv.ifjedkifj rdlOfj=rfjuMbruefeefU cldifjnifbuMbulef;qBm; qmifjawugMbrD;egf;tujumifxlif,mif tvjcdlifjnifbuMbemif;,dif;/ ayM;yAefeB awvBjnOfn.ufbao ckdef;ar;ofgbrfgb{jcOfjwDjcOfjwmif;cdkef;/

n.ifjwDj nefaw,.ef;vBjxlif,mifneM@rB@twU rdlefeifbwDj[lif;,Mj? +ifj,M tvjvmefUcBm,Mj,MqdlOf;eBU/

v.ifjvDvBjZmifU

10) ayM;awqfgUerfUref;rdkefj wM;wmif;e.ufjxlif,mif? wM;wmif;efg;xlif,mif tvjwM;vFrfjnifbuMbulef;qBm;auMjvBj xkufbqfgqdlifh[dkOfauMj qfgUqdlifUeefvBj,lb/

xlif,mifneM@rB@emif;,dif;eBU rdlOfjtwbqfgUwdkOf;eefh u.yfjnrfbyBbrD;wmif;,mrfjtvj awqAyf;ndwf;nDj,lb ulpf;uMjayM;[kdifrM;twh awnrfbqAyf;,OfU/


49

ymifukrfvlifc.yfjclyfb vFufjvBmjwmif;=Uemif;,di f; Women Exchange Get Together}y.ufjurf; (8) eBU vBjnkyfbnlOf;vFufjvBmjyM; =OfacMjv.ifjuMUcBmulef;tvj vBj[efzljcOfj=rfjcOf yM;qfgjolefqfgtwhtwh/

emif;nD@vD@aeM@ ,lbwDjqkrf; GlobalAlliance Against Trafficking in Women

(GAATW) ao yAefzljemrf;ymifugMb/[Fif;umef,mefrdlif; nefOMjeBU yAefacMjugmrf;

nef+ifUykefjwMbulef; nefnrfbvBj,lbwDjOmefjwDjrdlif;qOfjuOfb? vBjcBmhrM;rdlOf;[Awf;umef efg;Omefjydlefjrdlif;ydlefjeefhurf;okdOfjtvjoif? wmif;ulwfhtvjoif nefuAOfbuyf;cOfeefU n.efuefrD;wmif;y.ifbqfgeifbeB/

v.ifjuMUcBmulef;nefOMjeBU urfjz.ifjauMj yAefv.ifjwlOfxlyf;rM;urf;odkOfj,OfU? nefvrfbv.ifjokwf;twU emif;,dif;cOfurfjz.ifj vBjwluf;yAef,ldOfb umefuMbcBmulef; tvjvBjxlyf;=yfUv.ifjwkuf;cwluf;okrf;ymefzOulpf;nrfbuM; okrf;yM;oBmqfgvl;u.efb/ u.yfjydlOfjeB efg;umefyBm;rmufjrD;nef[kufh[BmheBUayM;awvBjvmwfjugmifjugmifjcgmifcgmifqkdif v.ifjuMUcBmulef;eBU q.rf;eifbacMjwFrfjrBm ]ymifukrfvlifc.yfjclyfbvFufjvBmj wmif;=Uemif;,dif; Women Exchange

Get Together} y.ufjurf; (8) eBUao vBjcdkef;nOf[Awf;yyfUao ydkeftzjrM;/

Ms.Eleanor emif;nD@vD@aeM@ wmif;zlj=rfjcOf vBjtehemrf;wlOfuef,OfU emif;nD@vD@aeM@ twbvlpfjacMjugmrf;xmrf qldifUeifbyMjwfgjeBh,lb,OfU/

1) q.ifb,mrfjvBj,def; v.ifjuMUcBmulef; ?2) ,mrfj,def;rM; wifjtwbrdlOfjvfg ?3) u.yfjoiftvj vBjyAefrM;v.ifjuMUcBmulef; ?

emif;nD@vD@aeM@ wmif;zljcOfj=rfjcOf vBjnkyfbnlOf;vFufjvBmjuefv.ifjeBhao emif;nD@vD@aeM@ ar;oyf;vFif;zdlOfUxFrfyefxFifj,lb,Ofh/

v.ifjuMUcBmulef;nefOMjeBU u.yfjwMbyBm;rmufjrD;qOfjuOfbao edlOfulef;auMUvfgauMUedkifjeefU wAuf;iFef;qfgUtvjoif? yFwfhvFefacsK;uOf;tvjoif uMUcBmugMbyAefcufhyAefw.efjqldOf;eefh,Ofh/

v.ifjuMUcBmulef;eBU uAOfbuyf;uefwmif; v.ifjvufUv.rfawMUolifbulef;tvj twbnOfrdlOfjyDrdlif;400 yBmylefUrM; ymefulOfbvlOfbeDb rdlOfj,mrf;eefUulef;ukef,l;\lyfU(ulef;rldif;Oef;wluf;) ugMb+wfjxdkifukefnar|D;cdlOf;ao eifb[kdOfawrmufjrD;cdkefj,fgb rD;anM;qMbnrf;emwfU tvjvFefvdefauMj{jugmifjcgmifeefU twbcgmufjeMjvdefrM;ao yAefrM;rD;rM;v.ifjuMUcBmulef;/

ulef;ukef,l;\lyfU zdOfcmOfcOfeBU nOfulef;ukefnMbZ|du zdOfvrf rM;[Awf;cDjcMj [Awf;ulef;qfgU? vdlOf

zljauMUn.eferf;nkyfbnlOf;vFufjvBmj =OfacMjv.ifjeBhtwhyAef emif;nD@vD@aeM@Ms. Eleanor (GAATW)

ydkefh=UuFrfwlOf

50

aoeefU,OfU nOfugMbcBmyef ulef;rmufjrD;vDyAefao udefqduf;w.ufbq.uf;edlOfcOfxFifj/

nOfqfgUwdkOf; egf;umef[Awf;n.ufbukefbuMUwmif;cBm tvjefg;umef[yfUcFufb? cBmwlOf/ =rfjOMj umyfjymefvFufjvBmjrM;,lbaowMU v.ifjuMUcBmulef;eBUtwUnrfbyBbrD;v.ifjvFufjvBmjulpf;ao ,if;wkdufUokdyfbrD;,lbawMbxdkifOef;rdlOfjeBU/

rdlif;nefwluf;zmef nrfbyBbyluf;y.ifckdefj,fgbtvjrdlif;nefwkdufhqifb[M yluf;y.ifcdkefj,fgbeefh vBj[efv.ifjuMUcBmulef;eefU rD;wif;erfwmif;vBm/

OBm;aozljerf;ymif nkyfbnlOf;vFufjvBmj tvjvBjr.ufbvmwfjte ydkef;wDjuFyfjv.ifjyAefrM; v.ifjuMUcBmulef;,OfU q.rf;eifbacMjxmrf 3 acMjeefUaovBjqFufb[Awf;yAef edkifjulj 2 auMU {jnkyfbnlOf;vFufjvBmjuef C

♦ uOf;vFefcBmudefulef; vlpfjnrfbcOfjydlifYwM;/♦ vBjxkufbcBmudef vlpfjqOfjuOfjnrfb=UwlOf/♦ ckdef;okdyfbcBmugMbyef xFifjauMUekdifj/♦ vBjxkufbawMUolifb vlpfjnrfb=Uv.ifjwmif;?

nrfb=Un.ifjwDj tvj nrfb=UeMjumefoif/♦ vBjxkufbqfgU rdlefjcDjcMj/♦ vBjxkufbcBmwlOf tvj xkufbcBm[Fif;umef/♦ vBjxkufbudefqduf;w.ufbq.uf; tv;awMUolifb

yAefcufUyAefw.efj/♦ erfUw.ef;z.ef;vD edlOfauMUvfgauMUedkifj/

1) v.ifjuMUcBmulef;eBU y.ifbqfgqldifU[dkOf <2) u.yfjoiftvj rD;v.ifjuMUcBmulef;,lb <3) v.ifjuMUcBmulef; yAefrM;v.uf;vBm;qdlifU[kdOf <

acMjxmrf 3 acMj

wmif;[efxdkif eldOfv.ifjacMjxmrf 3 acMj

nrfb=UzMboMbugmrf;vmwfjydlefj/u.yfjyBm;rmufjrD;nrfbvD? rD;v.ifj,myfbzdkwfbefg;eMj=def;/u.yfjrD;qfgvrfbrmufjavM;z? nrfbcfgjcmrfbydlefj/u.yfjyef[Mumefrdlif;/u.yfjxmifb,fgb Omefjydlefjrldif;ydlefj/u.yfj,krfbiBmj/u.yfj,krfb,rfwlOfuOfbylefhwDjvlefUvdlOf/u.yfjwlifbOlif;ulef;? [Awf;auMUulef;zdwf;/u.yfjyDje.ifheifbuef cBmudefuef/u.yfjvBjxkufbwmif;yFwfUvFef/u.yfjnrfbrD;v.ifjwlpf; ykefjydlefjykefj[Of;/u.yfjrD;qfg cfgjvdkOf;vif? qkdOfjoAif,fgb/u.yfjrD;qfg cfgj=Ucfgj[ef tvjcfgjvAyfj[Aef;/u.yfjrD;qfg cfgjacUcFifbydlefj/u.yfjwmif;=Unrfberf wmif;[efnrfbugmifj/

acMjoyf;vFif; ugmrf;xmrfxd (2)



51


✦ yFwfUvFef ✦ wDj[yfUcmrfb ✦ cBmwlOf

✦ yefv.ifjrkifjr.if;vD ✦ ykwfjvBmjolifbyef ✦ nrfbyefuMjqmifj_ uMj[Fif;

✦ [lpf;vFef ✦ wDjydkifj[lrfj ✦ qfgU[Fif;vBm

✦ [Awf;uFifj ✦ v..ifjuefhqef ✦ yAefcDjcMj

✦ v.ufb ✦ yFwfhvFef

✦ nxrfr (wAuf;qfgU) ✦ az;xdkifwBm

✦ qfgUnrf;emwfj ✦ cmrfbwmif;ayUudef✦ wldOfUcdlufjyBm;,lbvD✦ vBjxkufbukrf;cifOBU✦ vBjxkufb[Awf;[BmUqMU

v.ifjuAyf;+rf v.ifjawMUolifb yBmwmif;

urf;vdkef;okwf; ndifedlOfqkrf;zgfref; nefxkufbvDvBj[Awf; xkufbvBjomifjeefUao nkyfbnlOf;vFufjvBmjuefugMb rdlefjyMjwfgjeBU C

3) oifref;emif; vlOfbulef;ydefbzMboMbeBqkdifawvBj[Myef_ [mifj[Fef;yef/

4) rldOfjz.if;vdlifjref; wkdufU,lbwDjvkrf;YwM;eefU awvBjqB.jxFrfyef v.ifjudef,lb? v.ifjyBm;,lbvD tvj v.ifj=rfbvlrfj/

5) =rfjrdkOfwmif;vlify.ifqdkifjao yefydkefU=Uwmif;arM uAOfbuyf;vlpfj v.ifjuMUcBmulef;/

1) acMjrkef;_cmOfbimOf; uAOfbvlpfjv.ifjuMUcBmulef;eefU uAyf;+rfw.rfqlUao ydkeftzjn.ufb? oifOMjxkufbvBjwdwf;awMbwmif;vlify.ifqdkifjauMj {jwdwf;awMbuyf;omef[Awf;omifjugMb/

2) emif;,dif;nefxkufbuMUcBmeefU oifOMjref;emif; cfgjnOfvdlifj (cdkefjvkrf;cdkefjqB;) eBqkdif qkrf;nFefbusDbnlOfbxB;cOf awvBjqB.jxFrfyef/

qkrf;nFefbusDbnlOfbxB; (Thai NGOs)

1) awvBj[Awf;n.ufb yyfUvdufjzk defvBm;uAOfbvlpfjv.ifjuMUcBmulef;ao ydkeftzjqFufbyef/

2) uAyf;+rfydkeftzj acMjrkef;cmOfbimOf; nefyAef,lbrD;,lb efg;rdlif;nefcOfawugMb[Awf;umefeefU/

qkrf;nFefbusDbnlOfbrmefj (Myanmar NGOs)

ydkefh=UuFrfwlOf

52

3) [Awf;n.ufbydkeftzj acMjrkef;nefuAOfbuyf;vlpfjeBm;eMj? crf@yeDbwmif;,mrfjnrfbvD/

4) ydkeftzjyefacMjrkef;cmOfbomef? [Aif;vdufjwDjuyf;odkyfbvkrf;z.if;wmifrldif;/

5) awvBjydkeftzjyef acMjrkef;cmOfbomeftvj[Aef;vdufjwDjuyf;odkyfb qkrf;nFefbusDbnlOfb nefwlifhedkif[Awf;omifj,lbefg;rdlif;xB;/

6) qfgUwdkOf; yuf;ydlifrBmrDj[Fif;umefvkrfjZMUaonkyfbnlOf;ilyfUiduefwmif;qkrf;vlify.ifqdkifj/

7) ndifeldOfacMjrkef;cmOfbomef nefuAyf;+rfqlUvBjeefUao awvBj[Awf;n.ufbydkeftzj/

8) yefv.ifjnkefbqfg v.ifjwrf;qfg ulef;nefcdkef;y.ufbrM;=def; (rldif;rmefj)/

✦ eifb[kdOfawwdp.yf;vBj ulef;uMUcBmulef;eefhaoolifbnmyfjyefwDj vlify.ifqdkifjokduf;rmefj tvj{jrD;v.ifjqB.jxFrfyef ulef;auMUxkufbuMUcBm/

vlify.ifqkdifjxB; (Thai Government)

✦ awvBjyef[Fif;nD;edlOf vlify.ifqdkifjokduf;rmefj eifb[kdOfyBm;rmuf;rD; awzdkefhzl;rkef;vFif;? awrD;v.ifjokefbvBjokefbyAefzAifbyAif; tvj eifb[dkOfvlify.ifqkdifjokduf;rmefj awudkwf;,dkwf; v.ifjwAuf;wAifayUudefulef;rldif;/

♦ wdp.yf;yefwmif;zdwf; ulef;auMUnef uMUcBmulef;eefU q.rf;eifbyuf;yldifrBmrDj/♦ [Awf;yefOfguyf;wlOf nefyM;qdkOfjtrj tvj{jvBjOfgiBmjiBmj? ayM;eefqifbqmifjxwf;omifjvBjiBmjtvjwArfxlefj/♦ ,Mbyefwmrfbemif;,dif; euf;eMvdlOfylefUwDj

(yef{judkifbimrfj)♦ awvBjyefwmif;=Uulef;rldif; nef,lb,mefuBOAif; uAOfbvlpfjv.ifjuMUcBmulef;/♦ vlwf;,.rf;yef v.ifjuAyf;c.efb tvj cyf;ckdifyefeifb[dkOfulef;rdlif;awrD;umef[Awf;/

nefvBjoyf;vFif;terM; uAOfbvlpfjv.ifjuMUcBmulef;eBh yAefv.ifjurfUqB.j wMbawvlwf;,.rf; v.ifjuMUcBmulef; nefqdlOf;uBUcBmhugMbrM;tvj wlOfjvkrfjZMU/

zljnmefbcOfauMj eifb[dkOfawrD;okefb=rfjefg;v.ifjumefvlwf;,.rf; umefuMUcBmulef;eefh cdkef;awMUwBbr.ufbcBjteyef ulef;[drf;+rf; tvjwB;auMU[Of;aourf;/

vlify.ifqkdifjokduf;rmefj (SPDC)

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nOfq.rf;eifbeMjumef nefref;emif;vBjxlyf;rM;eefUao cdkef;nOfrM;awMUwBbcBjae zljcOfj=rfj ymifukrfvlifc.yfjclyfb vFufjvBmjwmif;=Uemif;,dif; y.ufjurf; (8)

vmwfjvBjOMj rD;z.ef;vD wMbemif;,dif;qdlOf;rM;cOfj=rfjulpf;nrfbuM; yAefyK;z.ef;vD ykefjwMbulef;wmif;erf_ zljnmefbcOf awrD;wmif;=UuAOfbuyf; ]v.ifjumefcmOfb} erfvldOfrM;xFifj/

acMjnefOMj ]odkOfb} (rDbwD@,dlOf@ Media)

nefOMjeBU yAefv.ifjumefuyf;okdyfb efg;wlifbOlif;ulef;[Of;,OfU? rdlefeifb a&bwDnlOf@ (Radio) xDbODb (TV)

vdufjzkdefcmOfb qldOf;eBU+ifUOMj ]odkOfb}eB,OfU/vrfbv.ifjvlif nefcfgjnkyfbukrfvFufjvBmj efg;

Oef;rdlOfjeBUtwU rD;,lbomrfydlif? ndifedlOfwDj yAefulef;rdlif;rmefjao cBmUyBmjcOfjrM; ydkifj=rfjydkifjzlpf;rdlif;xB;eefU C1) ]okdOfb}xB; qfgUwdkOf;_wFrfj+ifU ulef;rdlif;rmefj

qdlifU[dkOf <2) acMjugmrf; nefcOfqfgUwdkOf;_ +ifU[Of;eefU

q.ifb[Of;vBjqfg nrfbeef ,.rf;[yfU/3) oif[Of;rD;wdkOfhwmif; vBjvmwfjawMb ]odkObf}

[Of;awcfgj{jcOfwFrfj_ +ifU[Of;qdlifU[dkOf/

eifb[kdOfayM;awvBj xwf;omifjwlpf; v.ifjwmif;qdlOf;eBU n.efwmif;okwf; vAyfj[Aef;wlpf;vdufjzdkefcmOfbxB; nefndwfbn.ufb,lb uljOef;eefhu.efb? vdufjzkdefcmOfbedkifjzdkefeBU rD;cmOfb eyfU=Ofymufbv.ifj_ykufj? cmOfbnefvrfbv.ifjeefhtwh awteOBUwDjeMjedkifj (wmif;eMjokwf;)eefU awrD;r.ufjodyf;v.ifj? wDjefg;cmOfbeKjedkifjeefhorfh awrD;cmOfb uAOfbuyf;v.ifjulef;[Fif;umefrdlif;rmefj vBmv.ifj_vBmjykufj/

]awp.yf;ulef;rldif;rmefj nefcOfjrM;rdlif;xB;vlpfjnrfbxkufbrFefjq.rf;rBmrDj}

]ulef;cOfjrM;rdlif;xB; vlpfjvBm;nrfbxkufbrFefjq.rf;rBmrDj cOfjrM;xFifjwmif;erfwmif;vBm}

][Fif;umefrldif;rmefj uefhqefvkufj[Aef;qefhq.rfauMUedkifj,OfU [FrfwBmyFwfj}

][Fif;umef,dif; rdlif;rmefj xkufbydlefjnOfZB;zOfcMj[FrfwBmyFwfj}

qdlOf;eBU ]odkOfb} xB;cOf qfgUwdkOf;acKjugmrf;+ifU[Fif;umef,mefrldif;OMj ]\Fif;imef;wmifbwmOfU}(ulef;cOfjrdlif; vlpfjzdwf;rBmrDj) vBj[efwFrfjOBU efg;vdufjzdkefcmOfbxB;qFifjqFifjvFif;vFif;/

=OfacMjv.ifj ]okdOfb}eBh emif;olbxdwM@rvD@uFOfh yAefauMUn.eferf;nkyfbnlOf;ugMb/

emif;olbxdwM@ rvD@uFOfU

ydkefh=UuFrfwlOf

54

rdlOfjvBj[efacKjugmrf;qdlifheB,Ofhcdkef;xmrfzljcOfj=rfjnkyfbnlOf;cOf rD;v.ifjwkrfh,.efjqfgqldifh[dkOfeB? nrfbrD;zljvfgvBjqfg_ ,.rf;[yfU acMjqfgUwdkOf;nefOMj ]wmifbwmOfU} nefOMjeBU/

v.ifjqgfUwdkOf; acMjugmrf;qdlifUeBeBUref;yAefumefcDbeAuf; wAuf;ayUudef?xmifbvAufU? qFufbtzqefUxmefjulef;[Fif;umefrdlif;rmefj? ayK;qdlifUeef awvBjqfgUwdkOf;wFrfj+ifUqdlifU[dkOf <

odlOf; uAOfbuyf;ZdifjtijZdifjxkkif;qdlOf;eBU ref;auMjyAefnefurfhqB.jyef ]umefw.ifjwAOf;} (Tourism

umefx.ifhxAOfh) {jvDcdkefj qArfqdlOf;eBU xkufbvDofgbyefyM;efg;cmOfb,lb/

wDjefg;vdufjzdkefcmOfbzdkefedkifjeefU vBj[efwFrfjOBUcmOfbvD v.ifjZdifjtij uAOfbuyf;ulef;qmOf;cldOf;r.ef;,lb ulpf;uMjorfh nOfofgbOBhefg;eMjvdufjzBmbwif;efg; tvjwDjqAifbeMjvdufj nef[efvBj,myfbeefh/ nefyAefcmOfbulef;[Fif;umefrdlif;rmefj ayMUxkyfUqOfjc.ifvlwfhcdlifjao vufhnOfvlwfhugMb wDjaqjw.efjuAif;[B;eefhorfh wFrfjofgbOBh wDjeMjedkifjeefUurf;vAOf/

zljcOfj=rfjnkyfbnlOf;cOf n.efuefvmwfjOMj{jwFrfj+ifUqfgUwdkOf; acMjnefOMj ]ulef;[Fif;umef,mefrdlif;} nrfbeef ]ulef;[Fif;umefe.ufjrdlif;}eB,OfU/ rdlefuefwif;nef[Of;+ifUqdkOfjqmOf;cdlOf;vfgqmOf;cdlOf;edkifj cOfauMjrD;qdkOfj wMb+ifhwlOfuOfbtvjwMjulef;wmifbcdlOf;+ifU? rdlefeifb ]ulef;qmOf;cdlOf;r.ef;} cOfnrfbvBjqfg nefydlefj+ifUcOfOMj]wvBm;} rdlefeifb ]ulef;qmOf;cdlOf;,mif;vFif} cOfauMjnrfbvBjqfg ayM;ydlefj+ifUcOfOMj ]u,M;} qArfqdlOf;eBU/

ayM;yAefqdlifUeef oifcfgj{julef;wmifbqmOf;cdlOf;cOf qfgUwdkOf;wFrfj+ifUqdkOfj[Of;efg; ]odkOfb} rdlefeifb[Of;vBjqfg_ cfgj{j+ifUeefUorfU awvBj[Awf;[dkOf? nefeBUyAefy.wf;w.efj wMj+ifUqdkOfjoAif? rD;xFifjv.ifjedkifj ayM;odkyfbvlwlpf;efg;vdufjzkdefcmOfbeefU v.ifjOMjulef;vufUcOfjrdlif;zdwf;rBmrDj? v.ifj,MjrOf;urf? v.ifjcMj[FrfnOfwBmydlefj qArfqdlOf;eBUvBj[efwFrfjOBU efg;cmOfbrD;wmif;erf/ wDjtwhref;cmOfbvDvD nefulef;[Fif;umef,mefrdlif;cOf [Awf;omifjauMj rD;wmif;erf? wlOf,mifbref; rdlefeifb]Oef;trj} ulef;[Fif;umef,mefrdlif;cOf n.efuef=rfjuefvlbvdlwfj? ulef;[Fif;umef yAef[Fif;nefqB.jnD;yef ykefjwMbrdlif;xB; [Awf;clOf;c.ifolifbn.ufbrdlif;e.ufj? ulef;[Fif;umefcOf [Awf;yB.;[Awf;vmrf; ymifrlefj

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ayM;cfgj{j cmOfbvD[Of;? qdkOfj[Of;nef[Of;vBjqfgeefU yM;rM;efg;vdufjzkdefcmOfbefg;]odkOfb}eBqkdif[Of;awvBjnOf ]odkOfb} nefyM;zBmb[Of;eefU qfgUwdkOf;[Awf;aewlOf,mifbref; n.efwmif;u.efb? eifb[dkOfcOfayM;awqfgUrFefjwDjrFefjwmif;ref;eefhauMj[Of;orfUawvBjvAyfj[Aef;v.ifj ]okdOfb}OBU xMjn.efwmif;,OfU/

emif;,dif;zljcOfj=rfj nefqdlOf;rM;cOfj=rfjnkyfbukrfwDjefg;ymifvFufjvBmjwmif;=UuefeBUurfjz.ifjauMj yAefulef;[Awf;umefzBmb ]odkOfb} ,mrfjwFrfjcmOfb?

aw[Awf;[dkOf{jyAefcmOfbeMjekdifj


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urfjz.ifjorfh awyAefulef;nef,mrfjnOfcmOfbolifbyefwDjzBmb ]odkOfb} cOf? ulpf;uKj urfjz.ifjtwhyAefulef;nefvBjxkufbzBmb ]odkOfb} cOf w.ifjxmrfeefUulpf;/

cmOfb nef[Of;w.ifjxmrfeefU awnOfugMbqfgUwdkOf;wDjvfg? awnOfqfgUvBjnrfbqfgUvBjqdlOf;eBU [Of;awvBj,.ef;nek,mwfjcOfu.efb/

ayM;[Of;xmrf acKjxmrfndkwf;nefOMjeBUacMjnefawvBjw.yfbref;twU qfgjndlOfj_nrfbqfgj/acMjxmrfydkwfbnefOMjeBUtwU cOfcfgjw.yfbqdlifh[dkOfauMjvBj qArfqdlOf;eBh [Of;vlOfbvBjarMwlpf;iOf;vBm;ref;aow.ifjxmrf? [Of;awnrfbvBj,lbyMjedlOfcOf(,MbOBUwlOf[Of;okifeMb) aow.ifjxmrfcOf? ayM;[Of;arM[Awf;{jrdkwfjudkOf;qrfqfguefvBjwmif;cOf edkifjcFef;vD? acMjrkef;nef[Of;vBjrM;eefUauMj qdkOfjtwUnrfqdkOfjtwU? yAefvBjnrfbyAefvBjeefUauMj[Of;vlOfbvBjcdkef;xmwf;omifj? ayM;OKjref;wFwfjawM;teUe.ef;,Ofh qifbuB.jnOfydkeftzj/

eifb[dkOfulef;auMUyefcmOfbeefU awnrfbvBjxlyf;wmif;,myfbzdkwfb,.efUcmOfb? eifb[kdOfcOfawnrfbwkrfUwdlOfUqdkOfjoAifcOfeefU [Of;nrfbvlOfbvBjvmwfjy M;qdkOfjauMUnefyefcmOfb? xdkifwDjOMj nrfb[Awf;{jcOf vBjxlyf;wmif;,myfbzdkwfbaowauMjoifOMjqOfjc.ifref; nrfbyefncgmifhqdkif [Of;nrfbrD;olefb (odwfb) wMbawnOfcmOfbeefU n.ufbydkeftzj qdlOf;eBhawvBjZmifh/

ulef;auMUnefvBjxkufbydlefjw.ifjxmrf (ulef;w.yfb) eefhauMj ayM;[lUOMj awxkufbw.ifjxmrfeB[Of;awvBj[lUOBhOMj ulef;rM;xmrf[Of;eefh yAefzfg?vkufhwDjvfgrM;? ugmrf;w.yfb[Of;eefh cOfawnOfugMbqfgUwdkOf;wDjvfg? q.ifbref;awyAefaz;awMb[Of;?ugmrf;nefcOfxmrf[Of;eefhvl; q.ifb[Of;orfh y.ifbqfgvDvD,lb[MU qArfqdlOf;eBh [Of;awvBj=UOBhn.efwmif;?

ayM;ref;nrfbvD ykefjwMb[Of;? [Of;nrfbwArfqfgwMbaww.yfbeBauMj [Of;nrfbw.yfbauMjvBj? nefvrfbv.ifjvlifaoydlefjtwU nefvBjnkyfbuefrM;eBU cfgj{jydlefjqfgUwdkOf; wFrfj+ifh[Of;qdlifU[dkOfeBheefh,Ofh? [Of;wdkef;awvBjvmwfj wFufbwFufbvFif;vFif;

wDjefg;ymifnkyfbukrfuefeefh auMUyAefzljerf;ymifukrf qwf;ulef;cOfj[lrfjymifukrf yAefo.ifqkrf;aoqkrf;ekdifjyAefzBmbnOfcmOfb? qkrf;edkifjorfh yAefzBmbw.yfbcmOfbao zdkuf;yAefumefwlOfxlyf;,lb,Ofh/

efg;,mrf;rdlOfjzdkuf;,lbeefh u.yfjoifulef;zBmbyefcmOfbcOfeefhorfh nrfbvBjyefrFefjcmOfbnefcOfcfgjyefeefhvMb? ulef;nefw.ifjxmrfeefh xkufbvBjw.ifjxmrfqdlifh[dkOf? ulef;nefw.yfbauMj awvBjw.yfbqdlifh[dkOf qArfqdlOf;eBh ugmrf;w.yfbref;twhvBj[efwDjefg;ymifzdkuf;eefU/

ayM;awvBjvmwfjae wlOf,mifbref;qdkif]ulef;nOfcmOfbeBU ayM;[Of;awvBjw.ifjxmrf,OfheBqdkif [Of;awvBj[mifj[Fef;OBhn.efwmif;? [Of;awvBj[mifj[Fef;OBh v.ifjnef[Of;awvBjw.ifjxmrf? rdlefeifbacMjxmrf? cdlifjnwf;oAifqdlOf;eBh awvBj[mifj[Fef;OBU? ulef;auMUnef[Of;aww.ifjxmrfeefhauMjawvBjcdef; (ewf;) OBU? cOfyAefzfg? [Awf;umefnDjoif? acKjxmrfqdlifU[dkOfawomifbxkufb wMbawxmrfcOfqArfqdlOf;eBU [Of;awvBj[lUOBU/

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][Of;yAefulef;nOfcmOfbauMUedkifjao orfUcfgjvBjcmOfbwDjulef;auMUnefuAOfbc.ifhv.ifjcmOfbeefhayM;eBqkdif [Of;aw[Awf;qldifh[dkOfw.ifjxmrfcOf}

]ulef;auKUnefyefcmOfborfUvl; ayK;ulef;nOfcmOfb rM;xlyf;rM;w.ifjxmrf[Of;eB [Of;orfhawvBjw.yfbqdlifh[dkOf }

ydkefh=UuFrfwlOf

56

OMj [Of;cfgjofgbv.ifjwmif;oifwDjefg;cmOfb nefeBU,Mbayvdkrf;vmwfjvM;vM;/

yAefulef;nOfcmOfbauMjvD nrfbeef yAefulef;yefcmOfbauMj,Ofh oifOMjcfgj{jcmOfb nef[Of;wFrfjnef[Of;yefeefU yM;efg;vdufjzkdefcmOfbeBqdkif [Of;orfUawvBj[lUv.uf;vBm;? yuf;ydlifvdufjzkdefcmOfb,lb,Ofh? vdufjzkdefcmOfb nefedkifjtvjnefedkifj vBm;yefwdkOfUwmif; (odwfbzdoAwfb) ao n.ufbyefeefhref;nrfbrdlefuef? urfjz.ifj ofgbyefv.ifjyBm;rmufjrD;yAef,gfb? urfjz.ifjauMj wFrfjv.ifjumefrdlif;yAef,fgb?urfjz.ifjorfh nOfumefwlifOlif;ulef;yAef,fgb vdufjzkdefcmOfbrmifneforfh nOfv.ifjcKj[FrfwBmuef(&MbqOkwhfrlU) yAef,fgbqdlOf;eBU/

ayM;yAefqdlifUeef wmif;nefcmOfb[Of;olifbugMbwDjvdufjzkdefcmOfb ,.rf;[yfUvBj v.ifjnefcOfyefwdkOfUwmif;qArfqdlOf;eBU awvBjwlpf;? oifOMjvdufj[Of;eefU vBjolifbugMbrFefjwDj qkrf;vdufjzkdefcmOfbnefwlpf;ulef;[Fif;umef,mefrdlif;efg;rkrf;[Bmh (r.if;eB;tih&BmU) eefU cOfqmifjaw,lbefg;rkrf;[Bmhao nOfn.ufbyefcmOfb[Of;? nrfbeef cOfawnrfbnOfvdufj[Of;olifbugMbeefh ofgbyefyM; efg;cmOfbauMjyAefvBj/

v.ifjwmif;nefuBhyM;efg;cmOfbeefhtwh awyAefv.ifjwmif;nefulef;rdlif;cOf awolefqfg? v.ifjrlefjodlOf;? v.ifjqlrf;odlOf;? v.ifjwkrfhwdlOfhqfg? v.ifjnefvrfbv.ifj ykefjwMbulef;rdlif;? v.ifjwmif;nefuAOfbc.ifhq.rf;zOqmwfjymefulef;? v.ifjulef;nefrD;qdkOfj,fgbvdkOf;vif? v.ifjulef;uwfhcFefb? v.ifjokufh,kifjnlefarM;wdkuf;awM;uef? v.ifjodlifbodrf;? v.ifjwmif;nefyFufbyFufb? v.ifjwmif;nefawyAefz.ef;wMbulef;wmif;erfqArfqdlOf;eBh awuBhwFrfjteefg;cmOfb,lb,Ofh/

cmOfbnefOMjeBU yAefv.ifjnefvDolefqfg?yAefv.ifjwmif; nefwdkufhyAef,lb,mrf;vAOf? nrfbrD;v.ifjcOfjcmifjzfg? nrfbyM;yBm;Olefh auMUnefwFrfjeefhaowFrfjOBh omif;vmif;vD? cdkef;wFrfjn.ufbtez.ef;vDz.ef;[Bmh nefq.rf;rM;zBmbvif? v.ifjwmif;nefvBjyAefrM;? nOfn.ufbvmwfjteulef;Omefjulef;rdlif; eifb[dkOfayM;awyAefz.ef;vD? eifb[dkOfzljnmefbvdufjcOf ayM;awqmifjxwf;omifjv.ifjvD[Bmhq v.ifjnefzdwf;nefxkufbqArfqdlOf;eB,Ofh/

vldOfaoeefh qmifjofgbyM;q.rf;yBm;OlefhzljvlifhvFefbcOfqdlOf;eefh/

cmOfbnefOMjeBU yAefoif

v.ifjnefuBhyM;efg;cmOfb

cmOfbnefrD;erfheuf; cdkef;qefh

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