En 15316 4-6-2008 Sisteme Fotovoltaice

NORMAEUROPEA

Pagina IUNI EN 15316-4-6:2008

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UNIEnte Nazionale Italianodi UnificazioneVia Sannio, 220137 Milano, Italia

UNI EN 15316-4-6

MAGGIO 2008

Impianti di riscaldamento degli edificiMetodo per il calcolo dei requisiti energetici e dei rendimenti dellimpiantoParte 4-6: Sistemi di generazione del calore, sistemi fotovoltaici

Heating systems in buildingsMethod for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficienciesPart 4-6: Heat generation systems, photovoltaic systems

La norma fa parte di una serie di norme sul metodo per il calcolodei requisiti energetici e dei rendimenti dellimpianto.La norma ha lo scopo di fornire per i sistemi fotovoltaici:- i dati in ingresso richiesti;- il metodo di calcolo;- i dati in uscita risultanti.

TESTO INGLESE

La presente norma la versione ufficiale in lingua inglese dellanorma europea EN 15316-4-6 (edizione luglio 2007).

ICS 91.140.10

L icenza d 'uso concessa a UNIVERSITA ' CENTRO ATENEO DOC.POLO MONTE DAGO per l ' abbonamento anno 2008 .L i cenza d 'uso in te rno su pos taz i one s ingo la . R ip roduz i one v ie ta ta . E ' p ro ib i to qua l s ias i u t i l izzo in re te (LAN, in te rne t , e tc . . . )

UNI Pagina IIUNI EN 15316-4-6:2008

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PREMESSA NAZIONALELa presente norma costituisce il recepimento, in lingua inglese, del-la norma europea EN 15316-4-6 (edizione luglio 2007), che assumecos lo status di norma nazionale italiana.

La presente norma stata elaborata sotto la competenza dellentefederato allUNICTI - Comitato Termotecnico Italiano

La presente norma stata ratificata dal Presidente dellUNI ed entrata a far parte del corpo normativo nazionale il 22 maggio 2008.


EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORM

EN 15316-4-6

July 2007

ICS 91.140.10

English Version

Heating systems in buildings - Method for calculation of systemenergy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 4-6: Heat

generation systems, photovoltaic systems

Systmes de chauffage dans les btiments - Mthode decalcul des besoins nergtiques et des rendements des

systmes - Partie 4-6: Systmes de gnration de chaleur,systmes photovoltaques

Heizsysteme in Gebuden - Verfahren zur Berechnung desEnergiebedarfs und Nutzungsgrade der Anlagen - Teil 4-6:

Wrmeerzeugungssysteme, photovoltaische Systeme

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 June 2007.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONC O M I T E U R O P E N D E N O R M A LI S A T I O NEUR OP IS C HES KOM ITEE FR NOR M UNG

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.

Ref. No. EN 15316-4-6:2007: E

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Contents Page

Foreword..............................................................................................................................................................3Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................51 Scope ......................................................................................................................................................62 Normative references ............................................................................................................................63 Terms and definitions ...........................................................................................................................64 Symbols and abbreviations ..................................................................................................................85 Calculation method................................................................................................................................95.1 Energy delivered by the photovoltaic system ....................................................................................95.2 Solar irradiation on the photovoltaic modules ...................................................................................95.3 Peak power ...........................................................................................................................................105.4 System performance factor ................................................................................................................105.5 Thermal output of the photovoltaic panel.........................................................................................105.6 Auxiliary energy consumption ...........................................................................................................105.7 System thermal losses........................................................................................................................115.8 Recoverable system thermal losses..................................................................................................11Annex A (informative) Standards linked to photovoltaic systems...............................................................12Annex B (informative) Informative values.......................................................................................................14B.1 Solar irradiation on the photovoltaic modules .................................................................................14B.2 Peak power ...........................................................................................................................................16B.3 System performance factor ................................................................................................................16Annex C (informative) Calculation examples .................................................................................................17Bibliography ......................................................................................................................................................18

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Foreword

This document (EN 15316-4-6:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 228 Heating systems in buildings, the secretariat of which is held by DS.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2008.

This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association (Mandate M/343), and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2002/91/EC on the energy performance of buildings (EPBD). It forms part of a series of standards aimed at European harmonisation of the methodology for calculation of the energy performance of buildings. An overview of the whole set of standards is given in prCEN/TR 15615.

The subjects covered by CEN/TC 228 are the following:

design of heating systems (water based, electrical etc.);

installation of heating systems;

commissioning of heating systems;

instructions for operation, maintenance and use of heating systems;

methods for calculation of the design heat loss and heat loads;

methods for calculation of the energy performance of heating systems.

Heating systems also include the effect of attached systems such as hot water production systems.

All these standards are systems standards, i.e. they are based on requirements addressed to the system as a whole and not dealing with requirements to the products within the system.

Where possible, reference is made to other European or International Standards, a.o. product standards. However, use of products complying with relevant product standards is no guarantee of compliance with the system requirements.

The requirements are mainly expressed as functional requirements, i.e. requirements dealing with the function of the system and not specifying shape, material, dimensions or the like.

The guidelines describe ways to meet the requirements, but other ways to fulfil the functional requirements might be used if fulfilment can be proved.

Heating systems differ among the member countries due to climate, traditions and national regulations. In some cases requirements are given as classes so national or individual needs may be accommodated.

In cases where the standards contradict with national regulations, the latter should be followed.

EN 15316 Heating systems in buildings Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies consists of the following parts:

Part 1: General

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Part 2-1: Space heating emission systems

Part 2-3: Space heating distribution systems

Part 3-1: Domestic hot water systems, characterisation of needs (tapping requirements)Part 3-2: Domestic hot water systems, distribution

Part 3-3: Domestic hot water systems, generation

Part 4-1: Space heating generation systems, combustion systems (boilers)

Part 4-2: Space heating generation systems, heat pump systems

Part 4-3: Heat generation systems, thermal solar systems

Part 4-4: Heat generation systems, building-integrated cogeneration systems

Part 4-5: Space heating generation systems, the performance and quality of district heating and large volume systems

Part 4-6: Heat generation systems, photovoltaic systems

Part 4-7: Space heating generation systems, biomass combustion systems

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

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Introduction

This European Standard constitutes the specific part related to building integrated photovoltaic systems, of the set of EN 15316 standards on methods for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies of space heating systems and domestic hot water systems in buildings.

This European Standard presents a method for calculation of the electricity production of building integrated photovoltaic systems.

The calculation is based on the performance characteristics of the products given in product standards and on other characteristics required to evaluate the performance of the products as included in the system.

The user needs to refer to other European Standards or to national documents for input data and detailed calculation procedures not provided by this European Standard.

Only the calculation method and the accompanying input parameters are normative. All values required to parameter the calculation method should be given in a national annex, containing appropriate national values corresponding to the tables given in Annex B.

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1 Scope This European Standard is part of a set of standards on the method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies.

The scope of this specific part is to standardise for photovoltaic systems:

required inputs;

calculation method;

resulting outputs.

The calculation method applies only to building integrated photovoltaic systems.

The calculation method does not take into account:

electrical storage;

PV/thermal photovoltaic systems.

The calculation method describes how to calculate the electricity production of photovoltaic systems.

Primary energy savings and CO2 savings, which can be achieved by photovoltaic systems compared to other systems, are calculated according to prEN 15603.

Standards linked to photovoltaic systems are listed in Annex A.

2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

EN ISO 7345:1995, Thermal insulation Physical quantities and definitions (ISO 7345:1987)

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 7345:1995 and the following apply.

3.1auxiliary energy electrical energy used by technical building systems for heating, cooling, ventilation and/or domestic hot water to support energy transformation to satisfy energy needs

NOTE 1 This includes energy for fans, pumps, electronics etc. Electrical energy input to the a ventilation system for air transport and heat recovery is not considered as auxiliary energy, but as energy use for ventilation

NOTE 2 In EN ISO 9488 the energy used for pumps and valves is called "parasitic energy".

3.2building integrated photovoltaic systems system where the building envelope (roof, walls etc.) is used to support the photovoltaic panels

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3.3net power production total power produced by the photovoltaic panel minus all auxiliary energy consumption inside the sub-system boundaries

3.4peak power electrical power of a photovoltaic system with a given surface and for a solar irradiance of 1 kW/m2 on this surface (at 25 C)

3.5recoverable system thermal loss part of a system thermal loss which can be recovered to lower either the energy need for heating or cooling or the energy use of the heating or cooling system

3.6recovered loss part of the recoverable losses which are recovered to lower the energy requirements

3.7renewable energy produced on the building site energy produced by technical building systems directly connected to the building using renewable energy sources

3.8renewable energy energy from a source that is not depleted by extraction, such as solar energy (thermal and photovoltaic), wind, water power, renewed biomass

NOTE In ISO 13602-1, renewable resource is defined as "natural resource for which the ratio of the creation of the natural resource to the output of that resource from nature to the technosphere is equal to or greater than one".

3.9solar irradiance power density of radiant incident on a surface, i.e. the quotient of the radiant flux incident on the surface and the area of that surface, or the rate at which radiant energy is incident on a surface, per unit area of that surface. Irradiance is normally expressed in Watts per square meter (W/m2)

[ISO 9488:1999]

NOTE The reference solar irradiance is equal to 1 kW/m2.

3.10solar irradiation incident energy per unit area of surface, found by integration of irradiance over a specified time interval, often an hour or a day. Irradiation is normally expressed in megajoules per square metre (MJ/m2)

[ISO 9488:1999]

3.11system thermal loss thermal loss from a technical building system for heating, cooling, domestic hot water, humidification, dehumidification, ventilation or lighting that does not contribute to the useful output of the system

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NOTE Thermal energy recovered directly in the subsystem is not considered as a system thermal loss but as heat recovery and directly treated in the related system standard.

3.12technical building sub-system part of a technical building system that performs a specific function (e.g. heat generation, heat distribution, heat emission, electricity production)

3.13technical building system technical equipment for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water, lighting and electricity production composed by sub-systems

NOTE 1 A technical building system can refer to one or to several building services (e.g. heating system, heating andDHW system).

NOTE 2 Electricity production can include cogeneration and photovoltaic systems.

4 Symbols and abbreviations

For the purposes of this document, the following symbols and units (Table 1) and indices (Table 2) apply.

Table 1 Symbols and units Symbol Quantity Unit

A area, total surface of all photovoltaic modules (without frame) m

E annual solar irradiation energy in general, including primary energy, energy carriers (except quantity of heat, mechanical work and auxiliary (electrical) energy)

Wh/m2 a

Wh a b

f factor c -I solar irradiance W/m2

K coefficient c

P power in general including electrical power W

Q quantity of heat Wh a

T thermodynamic temperature K

W auxiliary (electrical) energy, mechanical work Wh a

Celsius temperature C a Seconds (s) may be used as the unit for time instead of hours (h) for all quantities involving time (i.e. for time periods

as well as for air change rates), but in that case the unit for energy is J instead of Wh. b The unit depends on the type of energy carrier and the way its amount is expressed. c Coefficients have dimensions; factors are dimensionless.

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Table 2 Indices an annual ls losses rbl recoverable

aux auxiliary out output ref reference

el electricity perf performance sol solar

gen generation pk peak T thermal

hor horizontal pv solar electricity (photovoltaic)

tlt tilt and orientation

in input

5 Calculation method

5.1 Energy delivered by the photovoltaic system

Electricity produced by the photovoltaic system Eel,pv,out is calculated by:

ref

perfpksoloutpvel I

fPEE

=,, [kWh/year] (1)

where

Esol is the annual solar irradiation on the photovoltaic system [(kWh/m2)/year]; Ppk is the peak power [kW], represents the electrical power of a photovoltaic system with a given

surface and for a solar irradiance of 1 kW/m2 on this surface (at 25 C);

fperf is the system performance factor [-];

Iref is the reference solar irradiance equal to 1 kW/m2.

NOTE 1 This value of Eel,pv,out is input data for calculations according to prEN 15603.

Calculation examples are given in Annex C. Take into account also the influence of shadowing effects from various parts of the building (e.g. chimneys, ventilation units) on the annual quantity of electricity produced.

For renewable energy produced on the building site, no energy input is taken into account.

Epv,gen,in = 0

NOTE 2 This value is input data for calculations according to prEN 15603.

NOTE 3 prEN 15603 specifies that for active solar systems, the incident solar radiation on the solar panels is not part of the energy balance. Only the energy delivered by the generation device is taken into account in the energy balance.

5.2 Solar irradiation on the photovoltaic modules

The solar irradiation Esol on the photovoltaic modules is calculated by:

tlthorsolsol fEE = , [(kWh/m2)/year] (2) where

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Esol,hor is the annual solar irradiation on a horizontal surface in a geographic region [(kWh/m2)/year]. Values shall be given in a national annex. For informative values, see B.1, Table B.1;

ftlt is the tilt and orientation conversion factor [-] for calculation of the solar irradiation on the photovoltaic module surface. Values shall be given in a national annex. For informative values, see B.1, Table B.2.

5.3 Peak power

The peak power Ppk is obtained under standard test conditions (reference testing values of cell temperature = 25 C, in plane irradiance Iref = 1 kW/m, air mass solar reference spectrum AM = 1,5 for a PV module or a PV cell testing EN 61829).

If Ppk is not available, it can be calculated by:

AKP pkpk = [kW] (3) where

Kpk is the peak power coefficient [kW/m2] depending on the type of building integration of the photovoltaic module. Values shall be given in a national annex. For informative values, see B.2, Table B.3.

A is the total surface [m2] of all photovoltaic modules (without frame).

5.4 System performance factor

The system performance factor fperf takes into account the system performance of the building integrated photovoltaic installation depending on:

conversion system from direct current to alternating current;

actual operation temperature of the photovoltaic modules;

building integration of the photovoltaic modules.

Distinction between different types of building integration could be according to the type of ventilation of the photovoltaic modules.

Values for the system performance factor fperf shall be given in a national annex. For informative values, see B.3, Table B.4.

5.5 Thermal output of the photovoltaic panel

No thermal output is taken into account.

Qpv,gen,out = 0

NOTE This value is input data for calculations according to prEN 15603.

5.6 Auxiliary energy consumption

Auxiliary energy consumption is taken into account by applying only the net power production (the total power production minus all auxiliary energy consumption inside the sub-system boundaries).

Wpv,gen,aux = 0


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5.7 System thermal losses

No system thermaI losses are taken into account.

Qpv,gen,ls = 0


5.8 Recoverable system thermal losses

No losses are recoverable for space heating needs.

Qpv,gen,ls,rbl = 0


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Annex A (informative)

Standards linked to photovoltaic systems

Table A.1 Standards linked to photovoltaic systems Standard Note Title

EN 61173 system standard Overvoltage protection for photovoltaic (PV) power generating systems Guide (IEC 61173:1992)

EN 61194 system standardCharacteristic parameters of stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) systems (IEC 61194:1992, modified)

EN 61277 system standardTerrestrial photovoltaic (PV) power generating systems General and guide (IEC 61277:1995)

EN 61683 system standardPhotovoltaic systems Power conditioners Procedure for measuring efficiency (IEC 61683:1999)

EN 61724 system standardPhotovoltaic system performance monitoring Guidelines for measurement, data exchange and analysis (IEC 61724:1998

EN 61725 system standard Analytical expression for daily solar profiles (IEC 61725:1997)

EN 61727 system standardPhotovoltaic (PV) systems Characteristics of the utility interface (IEC 61727:1995)

EN 61829 system standardCrystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) array On-site measurement of I-V characteristics (IEC 61829:1995)

IEC/TR2 61836 system standard Solar photovoltaic energy systems Terms and symbols

EN 61427 system standardSecondary cells and batteries for photovoltaic energy systems (PVES) General requirements and methods of test (IEC 61427:2005)

EN 61721 component standard Susceptibility of a photovoltaic (PV) module to accidental impact damage (resistance to impact test) (IEC 61721:1995)

EN 61701 component standard Salt mist corrosion testing of photovoltaic (PV) modules (IEC 61701:1995)

EN 61646 component standardThin-film terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules Design qualification and type approval (IEC 61646:1996)

EN 61345 component standard UV test for photovoltaic (PV) modules (IEC 61345:1998)

EN 61215 component standardCrystalline silicon terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules Design qualification and type approval (IEC 61215:2005)

EN 60904-10 component standardPhotovoltaic devices Part 10: Methods of linearity measurement (IEC 60904-10:1998)

IEC 60904-9 component standard Photovoltaic devices Part 9: Solar simulator performance requirements

EN 60904-8 component standardPhotovoltaic devices Part 8: Measurement of spectral response of a photovoltaic (PV) device (IEC 60904-8:1998)

EN 60904-7 component standardPhotovoltaic devices Part 7: Computation of spectral mismatch error introduced in the testing of a photovoltaic device (IEC 60904-7:1998)

EN 60904-6/A1 component standardPhotovoltaic devices Part 6: Requirements for reference solar modules, Amendment 1 (IEC 60904-6:1994/A1:1998)

EN 60904-5 component standard

Photovoltaic devices Part 5: Determination of the equivalent cell temperature (ECT) of photovoltaic (PV) devices by the open-circuit voltage method (IEC 60904-5:1993)

EN 60904-3 component standard

Photovoltaic devices Part 3: Measurement principles for terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) solar devices with reference spectral irradiance data (IEC 60904-3:1989)

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Table A.1 (concluded)

EN 60904-2/A1 component standardPhotovoltaic devices Part 2: Requirements for reference solar cells, Amendment 1 (IEC 60904- 2:1989/A1:1998)

EN 60904-1 component standardPhotovoltaic devices Part 1: Measurement of photovoltaic current-voltage characteristics (IEC 60904-1:1987)

IEC 60891 AMD 1 component standardProcedures for temperature and irradiance corrections to measured I-V characteristics of crystalline silicon photovoltaic devices, Amendment 1

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Annex B (informative)

Informative values

B.1 Solar irradiation on the photovoltaic modules

Table B.1 Informative values of annual solar irradiation on a horizontal surface (see also EN ISO 15927-4)

Zone Regions Esol,hor(kWh/m)/year

PV1 PACA, Languedoc Roussillon 1 500

PV2 Rhne Alpes, Midi Pyrnes 1 350

PV3 Pays de la Loire, Poitou Charente, Aquitaine, Limousin, Auvergne 1 250

PV4 Bretagne, Basse Normandie, Centre, Bourgogne, Franche Comt 1 150

PV5 Nord Pas de Calais, Haute Normandie, Picardie, Ile de France, Champagne Ardenne, Loraine, Alsace

1 050

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Table B.2 Informative values of tilt and orientation conversion factor for calculation of the energy radiation on the photovoltaic module surface (see also EN ISO 15927-4)

Orientation West South-west South South-east East

Zone PV1 Conversion factor ftlt[-]

0 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 30 0,93 1,09 1,15 1,09 0,93 45 0,87 1,06 1,13 1,06 0,87 60 0,79 0,99 1,06 0,99 0,79 A

ngle

90 0,59 0,74 0,77 0,74 0,59



0 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 30 0,93 1,06 1,10 1,06 0,93 45 0,87 1,02 1,08 1,02 0,87 60 0,79 0,95 1,00 0,95 0,79 A

ngle

90 0,60 0,70 0,71 0,70 0,60



0 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 30 0,93 1,07 1,13 1,07 0,93 45 0,87 1,05 1,11 1,05 0,87 60 0,79 0,98 1,04 0,98 0,79

Angl

e

90 0,60 0,73 0,76 0,73 0,60

Orientation West South-west South South-east East Zone PV4 Conversion factor ftlt

[-]0 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 30 0,93 1,06 1,11 1,06 0,93 45 0,87 1,03 1,09 1,03 0,87 60 0,79 0,96 1,02 0,96 0,79 A

ngle

90 0,60 0,72 0,74 0,72 0,60

Orientation West South-west South South-east East Zone PV5 Conversion factor ftlt

[-]0 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 30 0,94 1,06 1,11 1,06 0,94 45 0,88 1,03 1,08 1,03 0,88 60 0,80 0,96 1,01 0,96 0,80 A

ngle

90 0,61 0,72 0,74 0,72 0,61

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B.2 Peak power

Table B.3 Informative values of peak power coefficient

Type of photovoltaic module Kpk kW/m Mono crystalline silicon a 0,12 to 0,18

Multi crystalline silicon a 0,10 to 0,16

Thin film amorphous silicon 0,04 to 0,08

Other thin film layers 0,035

Thin film Copper-Indium-Galium-diselenide

0,105

Thin film Cadmium-Telloride 0,095 a With a minimum package density of 80 %.

B.3 System performance factor

Table B.4 Informative values of system performance factor

Type of building integration of the photovoltaic modules

fperf-

Unventilated modules 0,70

moderately ventilated modules 0,75

strongly ventilated or forced ventilated modules

0,80

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Annex C (informative)

Calculation examples

Table C.1 Calculation examples

Project data Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Geographic region Rhne Alpes

PV2

Languedoc Roussillon

PV1

Ile de France

PV5

Orientation South South South

Angle 30 90 60

Technology Mono-crystalline Multi-crystalline Amorphous

Peak power Ppk [kW] 1,1 10 22 Module ventilation unventilated forced ventilation poorly

ventilated

Calculations

Esol,hor (kWh/m)/year (Table B.1) 1 350 1 500 1 050

ftlt [-] (Table B.2) 1,10 0,77 1,01

Esol (kWh/m)/year (Equation (2)) 1 485 1 155 1 060

fperf [-] (Table B.4) 0,70 0,80 0,75 Results

Eel,pv,out [kWh/year] (Equation (1)) 1 143 9 240 17 498

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Bibliography

[1] prEN 156031), Energy performance of buildings Overall energy use and definition of energy ratings

[2] prCEN/TR 156152), Explanation of the general relationship between various CEN standards and the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) ("Umbrella document")

[3] EN 61829, Crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) array On-site measurement of I-V characteristics (IEC 61829:1995)

[4] EN ISO 9488:1999, Solar energy Vocabulary (ISO 9488:1999)

[5] EN ISO 15927-4, Hygrothermal performance of buildings Calculation and presentation of climatic data Part 4: Hourly data for assessing the annual energy use for heating and cooling (ISO 15927-4:2005)

[6] ISO 13602-1, Technical energy systems Methods for analysis Part 1: General

1) To be published.

2) To be published.

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En 15316 4-6-2008 Sisteme Fotovoltaice