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Australian Institute of EnergySydney 1st May 2006

Tom EngelsmanRaymond Alcorn

Wave EnergyBlue Gold?


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Introduction

What is wave energy

How much is there

How do Energetech convert it Power

Water

Summation


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What is Wave power?

Simply -Conversion of ocean wave energy toelectrical energy or fresh potable water

RealityGenerating acceptable powerconsistently, efficiently with little environmentalimpact, competitively.


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The Holy Grail of wind/wave/tidal..

Be able to produce renewable power, irrespective of thelocal wind/water conditions

Be able to produce renewable power at rates equal tothe gas/coal fired main land installations, based on initialinvestment costs and/or lease, without major subsidy.

Energetech may be the f irst com pany in the world able to reach

both of these goals w ithin a 5 year t ime frame


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The ResourcekW/m


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PERIODS 0.033333 TO 0.2SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OUTPUTHs(w) Te Pi2.16 13.80 35.08

ZERO CROSSING ANALYSIS OUTPUTHrms Hs H10 Hmax Tz Pe1.58 2.32 3.20 6.15 13.01 35.60

Wave Analysis South of Melbourne - 15m

How is it measured?


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Principle of Conversion

THE PARABOLA THE OWC THE TURBINE

focuses & amplifiesIncoming waves

converts wave motionTo air flow

Converts oscillatingflow to unidirectional

torque


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Energetech Turbine

Developed by Energetech andUniversity of Sydney

Same direction of rotation irrespectiveof air-flow

Variable pitch

High Torque, Low RPM

Low drag loss

Novel blade design

Active control and Self Start


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Port Kembla Prototype Device

35m Parabola & OWC

1.6m diameter, 21-blade, 500RPM, servocontrolled Energetech turbine

Highly instrumented 0.5MW capacity

11kV onboard transformer

Successfully tested during 2005 In dock for reconfiguration


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PK Power Module

PLC

HMI

Drive

to grid

InductionGenerator

Turbine Brake

Coupling

Bearing housing

Servo Actuator

Isolation Door

Support base


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Why this system?

Flexibility

Ability to dynamically change station set-up under range of conditions

Controlled variable speed

Software Configurable

Remotely monitor, operate, alarm, trending

and predict


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And the cost per Kw-Hr ..

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1 2 3 4 5 6

Costof

Unit

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Centsper

Kw-Hr

Unit cost

Cents/Kw-hr

PK as is

Just PK or Rhode Island

Portland/Water

2006 Order


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And then there is storage

Water can be a lake Electricity is an Autobahn

Free flowing entry

Storage

The higher the densityThe greater the risk

Either Go or Stop

No storage


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SWRO Cost/Unit Water History

$0.00

$0.50

$1.00

$1.50

$2.00

$2.50

1980 1990 2000 2001 Israel 2002

Singapore

$US/M32.50

2.00

1.50

1.00

0.50

1980 1990 2000 2001 2002Israel Singapore

And this is on the basis ofthe full capital costs pluselectric power at a cost of

8 US cents/kw-hr !!


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Desalination currentlybeing built or planned


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The major issues with largedesalination plants

Capital cost since scaleis an essential element of costreduction

Massive need for energy, and hence greenhouse impactbecomes Catch-22

Major coastal footprint

Return loop for the residual brine

Major central location with pipelinesto users

Very expensive standbyduring rain period Water pricingproblems due to high marginal cost


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But with a wave unit

Freerenewable energy

Zero greenhouse emission

Offshoreup to 5 Km

Locate off the coast from marketssmall water farms Disperse brine in the location

Small footprintdue to density of medium (ocean)

Scale to suit local demand

Minimal pipelinesideal for remote locations


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The Energetech concept

Replacethe electrical generatorwith a conventional highpressure centrifugal pump

Lift sea waterusing this pump from the in situ location

Pressurize a conventional Reverse Osmosiswith thispumping system.

Use brine power recoveryto pump fresh water to shore

Generate small amounts of power for other pumping

and/or control needs Run as an un-manned remote control water farm


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Water Module

Auxiliary

Generator

High Pressure

Pump

TurbineActuator

Turbine

Simple

Instruments

SingleSupportBase

The ability to make fresh drinking waterwithout first having to make electric power


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PX BoosterPump

Seal Zone

PX HighPressure Outlet

PX LowPressure inlet

PX Rotor Rotation

Seal Zone

100 flow69 bar

60 flow67 bar

41.2 flow2 bar

58.8 flow2 bar

Permeate40% flow

PX HighPressure Inlet

PX Lowpressure Outlet

FM58.8 flow66 bar

FM

60% flow1 bar

LowPressureBrine

SeawaterPump

100%flow

Water Module- Energy Recovery

RO Membranes

Energy Recovery

Pressure Exchanger


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Does it really work?


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An Ocean Farm

1.5MW

WaterUnit

1.5MW

WaterUnit

1.5MWPower

Unit

1.5MW

WaterUnit

1.5MW

WaterUnit

1.5MW

WaterUnit

Fresh

WaterStorageFacility

Pump

Unit

Fresh Desalinated water

This system would deliver

approximately 10 Bi l l ion

liters of fresh water each year


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The operating cost structure

Item

Power/Energy costs

System Depreciation

MembranesParts Replacement

Chemical Consumables

Labor

Admin

Total water cost per cubic meter

% Cost structure

Zero

40.2%

11.2%18.7%

13.4%

12.8%

3.6%

Aus 55 cents~ 30 Cents


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So what are the numbers?

Power consumption of 3.75 Kw/Cubic Meterfor waterpumped to the shoreline

Production costs of around 45 to 65 centsper cubicmeter (potable standard)

All of the above are on a single unit basis

Above includes zero allowance for any grants or creditsfor emission

Above costs have future reduction potential with eithernumber of units or size of installation


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Cost of water produced (2 Giga-Liter unit)(cents per cubic meter)

20

30

40

50

60

4 5 6 7 8 9

Overall Project Investment ($mm)

Cost/MeterProduced

W

ater

Thesweet

Spot

Future?


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Summation A Wave Energy Barge makes

Low Cost Emission free

Desalinated dr ink ing water

Emission free electr ical pow er

At costs comparable to currentFossil based supply systems

Waves 2 meters high and with 50 meters breadth equals a free barrelof Oil every 10 minutes

A major city could be supplied with 10 Giga- Litersof fresh waterfor a capital cost of roughly $65 Million

The Wave Energy Barge


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The benefits

Low profile, small foot printUp to 5 Km offshore

Minimal Brine handlingproblems

Locate nearMarket need Competitive cost base

Absolutely no Greenhouse Gas


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If we could ever competitively, at a cheap rate, get

freshwater from saltwater, that would be in the long-range

interest of humanity (and) would dwarf any other scientificaccomplishmentPresident John F. Kennedy, April 12, 1961


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