Energy and Hydrocarbons

6 Energy and Hydrocarbons

6

: C H

:

- :

- :

- :

?

?

?

, ?

?

?

6.1

,

150

151

:

:

:

, , +

, , -

:

:

:

, , +

, , -

(Heat of combustion) :

.

()

()

( )

- 1g

- 1g

( )

6.2

(Crude Oil) :

-

.

-

Pennsylvania :

California :

- 1 barrel = 42 gallon = 158.97 L ( 1gallon = 3.785L)

(Crude Oil) :

-

.

-

Pennsylvania :

California :

- 1 barrel = 42 gallon = 158.97 L ( 1gallon = 3.785L)

(Fractional distillation) :

: 400

- (Bell cap) (6.2)

(Petroleum fraction)

:

(Petroleum fraction)

:

(Catalytic Cracking)

-

ex)

-

:

C16H34 C8H18 + C8H16

(Catalytic Cracking)

-

ex)

-

:

C16H34 C8H18 + C8H16/

6.3

:

- (oil well) (gas well)

- C1-C4

(,CH4 60~90%, 5~9%, 3~18%, 1~2%)

CO2, N2, H2S,

:

- : , , .

- : , .

:

- (oil well) (gas well)

- C1-C4

(,CH4 60~90%, 5~9%, 3~18%, 1~2%)

CO2, N2, H2S,

:

- : , , .

- : , .

6.4

: 91%

- 85%

- (fused rings)

( )

- ( )

: 88%

1%

- :

- : , ,

: 91%

- 85%

- (fused rings)

( )

- ( )

: 88%

1%

- :

- : , ,

: 10,010

- 200

:

6.5 (CH3OH)

- : , , , .

- : (formaldehyde, CH2O) .

.

: Mobil Oil Company (, )

- : , , , .

- : (formaldehyde, CH2O) .

.

: Mobil Oil Company (, )

(O2) (H2O)

(CH4)

( )

5.1

(CH4)

6.6

1) (Alkane) : -

2) (Alkene) : -

3) (Alkyne) : -

4) (Aromatic) : , ,

CnH2n+2

CnH2n

CnH2n-2

1) (Alkane) : -

2) (Alkene) : -

3) (Alkyne) : -

4) (Aromatic) : , ,

1 CH4 methane - - - -

2 C2H6 ethane C2H4 ethene C2H2 ethyne

3 C3H8 propane C2H6 propene C3H4 propyne

CnH2nCnH2n+2 CnH2n-2

(Alkane) :

: -

- (CH4)

- : CnH2n+2

- : ~ (~ane)/ ~

1 CH4 methane1 CH4 methane

2 C2H6 ethane

3 C3H8 propane

4 C4H10 n- butane

5 C5H12 n- pentane

6 C6H14 n- hexane

7 C7H16 n- heptane

8 C8H18 n- octane

9 C9H20 n- nonane

10 C10H22 n- decane

, ,

CH4, C2H6, C3H8 .

C4H10 .

(Isomers) : .

:

1) :

2) : C-C

(straight) (Branched)

CH4, C2H6, C3H8 .

C4H10 .

(Isomers) : .

:

1) :

2) : C-C

C4H10 :

(alkyl group) :

- : (alkane) -ane -yl

ex) , ,

(alkene) :

: . .

- : -ene

ex) (ethene) .

(ethylene) .

- : CnH2n (n>1)

1) n=2

~ (polyethylene) plastic

~

2) n=3

~ (Polypropylene)

plastic

6.7 (Alkene) (Alkyne) :

(alkene) :

: . .

- : -ene

ex) (ethene) .

(ethylene) .

- : CnH2n (n>1)

1) n=2

~ (polyethylene) plastic

~

2) n=3

~ (Polypropylene)

plastic

(alkene)

-

-

2

3,4,6--2-

:

, .

- (cis) : -

- (trans) : -

:

(alkyne) : 1

- : CnH2n-2

- (ethyne)

- 180

-

.

(alkyne) : 1

- : CnH2n-2

- (ethyne)

- 180

-

.

ethene

ethyne

-C2H5

,

6.8 (cyclic)

: ,

: (cycloalkane) (aromatics)

1. (cycloalkane) :

- ,

- C-C

- C-H

ex) (C4H8)

(C5H10)

(C6H10)

: ,

: (cycloalkane) (aromatics)

1. (cycloalkane) :

- ,

- C-C

- C-H

ex) (C4H8)

(C5H10)

(C6H10)

2. (aromatics)

:

- (aromatic) : ,

- (^^)

-

ex) () :

:

-

ex) ortho-, meta-, para-

-

ex) () :

:

-

ex) ortho-, meta-, para-

6.9.

: R-OH R

(CH3OH) :

- CO H2

- ,

-

(C2H5OH)

-

- -

: R-OH R

(CH3OH) :

- CO H2

- ,

-

(C2H5OH)

-

- -