Energy from coal

ISBN 978-974-8006-61-1 2 5,000

96

(.) 53 2 11130 0-2436-0000 www.egat.co.th

56/12 2 10150 0-2893-3131 0-2415-5232

(.)

1 7

9

10

11

13

14

16

36

() (.. 2552) 39

40

2 43

49

52

52

53

54

57

59

1. 59

2. 59

60

61

61

62

63

65

1. 66

2. 69

75

77

81

86

91

91

95

()

Energy Research Institute (ERI)

9 1 :

1

10


( ) ()

() ()

11

1 :

( ) 200 (Heater)

12


(

)

13

1 :

( 1 )

N S

1

14


( )

(Thermal Power Plant)

( )

( )

15

1 :

2

/

-

:

,

,

,

-

:

-

: NG

V, LP

G,

- Nuc

lear

-

-

-

-

-

16


1. (Hydro Power Plant)

2. (Wind Power Plant)

3. (Solar Power Plant)

4. (Thermal Power Plant)

4.1 ( )

4.2

4.3

17

1 :

4.4 () ()

4.5 (Geothermal Power Plant)

5. (Ocean Wave Power Plant)

1. (Hydro Power Plant)

3 (Hydro Power Plant)

18


()

-

4 560,000 kW

19

1 :

-

- - - -

- - - -

5 500,000 kW

20


2. (Wind Power Plant)

1,800

6-8 25

()

21

1 :

0.25 3.0 MW 1.5 MW 80

6

22


.. 2552 . 100 MW

-

-

23

1 :

3. (Solar Power Plant)

(Solar Cells) Photo-voltaic

/

()

7

24


(Silicon)

Thin Film ()

(Proton)

(Electron)

(DC)

Stand-alone () ()

(AC) ( )

Utility Grid ()

25

1 :

8.

1,1012kW

26


500 kW 20 . . .. 2548 1,012 kW 25 . .. 2550 .

38 MW

. 73 MW .

-

-

()

27

1 :

3

(

30 MW )

4. (Thermal Power Plant)

( 9 )

28


9

()

29

1 :

4.1

1-100

MW

( 50 )

30


4.2 ()

20

(Peak Power

Demand)

()

31

1 :

4.3

40

()

Isogo

32


4

4.4

(Nuclear Chain Reaction)

-235 -239

(Fission)

33

1 :

( )

(CO2)

3

10

34


4.5 (Geothermal Power Plant)

11

35

1 :

5.

(Ocean-wave Power Plant)

15 - 50 .

CETO

12

36


10 (Gross Domestic Product GDP) 4,637 .. 2542 9,050 .. 2552 6.9 3 - 4 4.0 4.5

39.8%

6.7%

19.6%

2.1%

16.1%

15.7%

13:WorldCoalInstitute,CoalFact,2006

37

1 :

17.3%

6.8%

69.1%

6.5%

14

:,2006

21%

71%

0%

5%

3%

15(..2552)

:

38


15 ..2552 70 20 3

(Blackout)

1 (

) 40 20

39

1 :

(PDP 2010 : 2553 - 2573)

2563

(/)

2.79 2.94 ( Gas ) 3.96

( Gas ) 4.34 - 13.65

15 - 20

5 - 6

4.63

2.63

1.5 - 4.2

1

40


1. (Economic)

Economic()

Engineering/Technology()

Environment()

Energy Security()

16

41

1 :

2. (Environment)

3. (Energy Security) ()

4. (Engineering/Technology)

(Reliability)

2-3

4

45

2 :

2

20

(Fossil Fuels)

46


20

4-5 5

25-30 150 .. 2551

40 ( 2550)

47

2 :

70

147

41 63

48


41

63

147

49

2 :

100

50

- 70

- ()

-

-

- ( )

50


(Lignite)

(Sub-bituminous) (Anthracite)

1,200 200

225 21 86Former

Sovlet Union

115 6 3China

84 1 1India

94 6 17Asia

& Oceania

33 1 1Central &

Eastern Europe

97 7 8Western &

Southern Europe

55 25 21Africa

22 25 11South America

258 16 11North America

2 179 110Middle East

Coal

OilGas

()

:WorldCoalInstitute,2005

51

2 :

(.)

()

35,000.0

30,000.0

25,000.0

20,000.0

15,000.0

10,000.0

5,000.0

0.02541 2542 2543 2544 2545 2546 2547 2548 2549 2550

:,2551

52


(Fossils)

(bacteria) (cellulose) (lignin)

53

2 :

(volatile matters)

1.

54


2.

3.

4.

5.

(Peat)

1. (Biochemical Reaction)

55

2 :

2. (Thermal Alteration) (Metamorphism) (Coalification)

(Rank)

(Volatile Matters)

56


/

%

(Total Moisture)% (Volatile Matter)

Net Calorific Value

(kCal/kg)

1 - 3 2 - 8 7,500

(Bituminous)

3 - 15 25 - 40 7,000

(Sub-Bituminous)

15 - 25 33 - 50 4,500

(Lignite) 20 - 50 25 - 50 3,000

(Peat) 35 - 60 30 - 60 1,300

57

2 :

4

17

58


1.

(Anthracite) 90

2.

(Bituminous)

80-90

2-7

3

3.

(Sub-bituminous)

71-77

10-20

59

2 :

4.

(Lignite) 30-70 (Mine-mouth Power Plant)

200 .. 2516 2

1.

2.

60


83.89

11.29 3.68 0.20 0.15 0.13 0.06 0.60 ()

CO2

61

2 :

62


1) (Dust Particulate)

2) (NOx)

3) (SOx)

63

2 :

64


18

65

2 :

19Tachibanawan

66


(Pre-Combustion)

(Combustion)

(Post-Combustion)

1.

Coal Preparation (), Coal Beneficiation, Coal Upgrading ()

(Physical Cleaning or Washing) (Chemical Cleaning)

(Biological Cleaning)

1.1

Pyritic Sulfur ()

90 (Pyritic Sulfur)

67

2 :

Column Flotation (

)

Column () Pyritic Sulfur (

)

20

68


1.2

Molten - Caustic Leaching

()

1.3

(Coal Upgrading) Liquid-Phase Cracking with Solvent ()

Hot Water Drying (), Coal-Water-

Mixture (), Coal Briquette ()

69

2 :

2.

2.1

(Zero Emissions)

Pulverized Fuel (PF) combustion () PF ( 100 ) 40-45 55 Advanced Pulverized Coal ()

70


-

21

71

2 :

PulverizedCoal()

/

1)

2)

3) ( 100%)

4) (Thermal Efficiency)

5)

6) (Digital Control System- DCS)

1) 0.1 .

2)

3)

4) 1,200- 1,300 oC Thermal NOx Slag

5) SOx (FGD)

6) ( 100 /.)

7) FGD

8)

9)

72


Fluidized Bed Combustion - FBC (

) 3 - 10 . 90 Pulverized Fuel ()

73

2 :

22CirculatingFluidizedBed

()

74


FluidizedBed()

/

1)

2)

3) (3-10 .)

4) (95-99%)

5) (Thermal Efficiency) ( 85%)

6) 1,000 oC Thermal NOx

7) SOx

8)

9)

10)

1) 3 .

2) 6-8

3)

4)

5)

6) Silencer Damper

7) 10 ton/hr 35 /.

75

2 :

Pressured Fluidized Bed Combustion () (Bubbling Type PFBC)

(Coal Gasification) (Coal Liquefaction) (Coal Water Mixture) (Coal Gasification) (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle IGCC )

Gasifier()

Syngas()

Coal()

ASH()

C + H2O = CO + H2

23

76


(Coal Gasification)

(Methanol)

24IGCC

77

2 :

(Gasification)

(Hydrogen Fuel Cells)

(Combined cycle)

25IGCC

78


Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)

IGCC

(Global Warming)

FutureGen: Integrating Function for R&D Program

CO2

CO2

FutureGen

H2

26FutureGen

79

2 :

CO2

CO2

CO2

CO2

1

2

3

27CO2

(CarbonCaptureandSequestration)

80


28SiemensGE

IGCC

81

2 :

(Flue gas)

2

(Electrostatic Precipitator - ESP)

(Flue gas)

( ESP) 0.01 - >100 (m) 99%

82


Fabric Filter ()

() (0.01- >100 m) 99% 300

/

29(EPS)

83

2 :

Fabric-filter baghouse

30

84


Flue Gas Desulfurization FGD ()

(Lime) (Limestone) (CaSO4) FGD

CO2(Carbon dioxide)

CaCO3(Calcium carbonate,

limestone)CaSO4 2H2O(Calcium sulfate,

gypsum)

SO2 + CaCO3 + O2 + H2O CaSO4 2H2O + CO2

SO2(Sulfur dioxide)

O2(Oxygen)

H2O(Water)

FGD Gypsm

31(FGD)

85

2 :

[Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)] [Selective Non Catalytic Reduction (SNCR)]

SCR SNCR (NOx) (NH3) NOx (N2) NOx SCR SNCR (Utility boiler) NOx

(NOx) SCR (Catalyst) (NH3) NOx NOx SNCR

SCR

N2 , H2ONH3

NOx

NOx

32.1

86


(By-products)

(Fly Ash) (Bottom Ash) (FGD Gypsum) (Fly Ash) (Molten Slag) (Sulfuric Acid)

(Waste) (Board)

SNCR

AH

SAH

FDF

32.2

87

2 :

33

88


34

(Slag)

89

2 :

90


91

2 :

-

- Fluidized Bed

(SOx) -

- SOx

-

(NOx) - Low NOx Burner ()

- Fluidized Bed

- NOx

-

(Slag)

(Zero-Emissions)

Pulverized Combustion () Fluidized Bed Combustion ()

92


Super-critical ()

Ultra-Supercritical ()

(Gasification)

(Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle) Dimethyl Ether (DME)

(Carbon Capture and Storage)

Fluidized Bed Combustion

() 35 Pulverized Coal Combustion (

)

2- 10 (Traveling Grate Boiler) 2

93

2 :

35PulverizedCoalCombustion

94


Gasifier

36

95

2 :

- ()

96


4

200

Documents

Energy from coal