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Министерство образования и науки, молодежи и спорта УкраиныСевастопольский национальный технический университет
Engine Cadet = Кадет машинного отделения
МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ
к практическим занятиям по дисциплине «Английский язык профессионального общения»
для студентов 2 курса 4 семестра специальности «Эксплуатация судовых
энергетических установок» дневной и заочной формы обучения
Севастополь 2012
УДК.629.123 + 656.61.052
Engine Cadet = Кадет машинного отделения. Методические указания к практическим занятиям по дисциплине «Английский язык профессионального общения» для студентов 2 курса 4 семестра специальности «Эксплуатация судовых энергетических установок» дневной и заочной формы обучения/ Сост. ст. преп. Ю.А. Мороз. – Севастополь: Изд-во СевНТУ, 2012. – 44 с.
Методические указания предназначены для практических занятий студентов специальности «Эксплуатация силовых и энергетических установок» дневной и заочной формы обучения. В каждом уроке представлен текст, лексические упражнения на закрепление материала урока и задания, способствующие запоминанию специальной лексики и ее применению студентами в устной и письменной речи в общении на профессиональные темы.
Методические указания утверждены на заседании кафедры Практики романских и германских языков (протокол № 11 от 14. 05. 2012 г.).
Допущено учебно-методическим центром и научно-методическим Советом СевНТУ в качестве методических указаний.
Рецензент: Михайлова Е.В., канд.филолог.наук, доцент кафедры Практики романских и германских языков СевНТУ.
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СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
Введение ………………………………….……………..……41. Lesson 1. Basics of Future Specialty….. ..……….…………52. Lesson 2. Alarms and Emergencies in the Engine Room..…123. Lesson 3. Fire-Fighting Measures…………………………...194. Lesson 4. Types of Ships……………………….……………285. Lesson 5. Safety of the Engine Room……..………. …….....33 Библиографический список ………………………………….37Приложение А.Basic Vocabulary ……………………………..38Приложение B. Fire-Fighting and Drills Phrases..…………….40Приложение C. Equipment and Machinery………........………44
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ВВЕДЕНИЕ
Данные методические указания предназначены для студентов второго курса
четвертого семестра специальности «Эксплуатация судовых энергетических
установок».
Основная цель методических указаний – развить умения и навыки
профессионального общения, расширить словарный запас и научить вести
беседу по темам:
Основы будущей профессии,
Нештатные ситуации в машинном отделении,
Борьба с пожаром.
Методические указания состоят из 5 уроков, каждый из которых содержит
основной и дополнительные тексты, упражнения для закрепления лексики
соответствующего урока, а также творческие задания коммуникативной
направленности. Лексический материал содержит профессиональную
терминологию, фразы и команды, одобренные ИМО для общения на море.
В каждом уроке есть словарный минимум, состоящий из слов и
словосочетаний, которые можно использовать при прохождении
собеседования в компаниях, занимающихся набором плавсостава, при
общении на судне и при чтении лоции.
В отдельных уроках представлен дополнительный раздел «Comprehensive
Reading», в котором подобраны дополнительные тексты по изучаемой теме и
упражнения на закрепление лексики и терминологии.
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Lesson 1. Basics of Future Specialty
Exercise 1. Read and learn the following words and expressions:
1 fitness пригодность2 rating звание/специальность рядового состава3 to be submitted зд. подвергаться, проходить (медосмотр)4 to violate нарушать5 to be dismissed from/ signed
offбыть списанным с судна, быть уволенным
6 off watch сменившийся с вахты7 fitter слесарь8 oiler квалифицированный моторист, смазчик9 wiper, utilityman моторист 2-го класса, подсобный рабочий10 STCW convention конвенция по стандартам подготовки,
дипломированию моряков и несению вахты
11 personal survival techniques техника личного выживания12 elementary first-aid первая помощь13 attended/manned с вахтенным обслуживанием14 a day shift дневная смена15 ship apprenticeship морская практика16 readings/soundings показания приборов/замеры (танков)17 loose equipment неприкрепленное оборудование18 strainer фильтр грубой очистки19 wear износ20 lube oil and grease машинное масло и смазочный материал21 ladder treads and handrails ступени трапа и поручни (леера)22 floor plate лист съемного настила23 solution раствор24 pressure gauge манометр, датчик давления25 machine shop механическая мастерская26 Next of Kin ближайший родственник27 bunk койка28 assignment, to be assigned to назначение, быть назначенным
Exercise 2. Read and translate the text, paying attention to the words in italics.
The Working Day at Sea and in Port
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To become a crewmember all candidates must prove their fitness for work at sea. For this purpose, they are submitted to physical examination by special doctors before employment. The ship’s personnel must operate the vessel in accordance with established standards. Any crewmember that violates the regulations is unqualified for his assignment or fails to meet minimum standards will be dismissed from/ be signed off the vessel. The day at sea is divided into watches of four hours. Now the most often used system of ship’s organization is the four and eight system that means four hours on watch and eight hours off watch. The engine department of a merchant ship is headed by the chief engineer. On different types and size of the ship the engine department personnel may include different number of certified engineer officers. One can find on board ship the following engineers named by their functioning: maintenance-mechanical engineer (инженер по техническому обслуживанию и ремонту механизмов и оборудования), mechanical engineer (инженер по механическому оборудованию), refrigeration engineer and electronic or electrical engineers and some others. The ratings (that are non-officers) included on the staff of the engine department are most often named by their function as follows: electrician, fitter, motormen (oiler and wiper) and welder. In order to be included on the staff as rating, a candidate must hold the appropriate maritime qualification certificate and some additional certificates by the SOLAS and STCW conventions. These required certificates are the following: Second/First-Class Motorman Certificate; Welder/Fitter certificate; An integrated certificate attesting of complex training received in personal
survival techniques, fire prevention, fire fighting, elementary first-aid and personal safety;
Certificate of Proficiency in Survival Craft (подготовленность по спасательным средствам);
Oil Tanker familiarization Certificate, etc. Motormen and oilers usually keep engineering watches when there is an attended or manned engine room. Other ratings work a day shift. The chief engineer subordinates only to the Master and is responsible for the ship's main propulsion system. He is in charge of the engine department. 2nd and 3rd
engineers supervise the engine room watches. Like deck officers, they must be li-censed. Because of the large degree of automation in the engine rooms of modern ships, very few crewmen are required for engine-room maintenance. The principal duties of the engine department ratings are to assist the engineer officers in safe and efficient operation and maintenance of the ship’s piping systems, machinery and equipment.
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Exercise 3. Give brief answers to the following questions:
1. What will happen to a crewmember that fails to meet the minimum standards? 2. What does the expression “four and eight system of watchkeeping” mean? 3. How do future crewmembers prove their fitness for work at sea? 4. What is the duty often performed while watchkeeping? 5. What are the certificates that a candidate should have? 6. Who is the superior of the chief engineer? 7. What is the purpose of a sea training of engine cadet? 8. What are the duties of second engineer? 9. Who is the head of the engine department? 10. How many engineers can be in the engine department?
Exercise 4. Give equivalents:
in Russian: to violate, watchkeeping, apprenticeship, to dismiss from/off, machinery, oiler, maintenance, to supervise, fitter, ratings, failure, at sea, to be submitted, off watch, engine cadet, assignment, to operate, established, authorised, assigned duties, off-shore voyages, low-qualified, soundings, lube oil level, ladder, to be in charge, unlicensed crewmemeber, refrigeration, auxiliary, to check level, manned engine-room;
in English: главные механизмы, выполнять обязанности, подтвердить пригодность, на вахте, старший механик, машинное оборудование, моторист первого класса, хорошо знать, вахтенный механик, под руководством, вспомогательный, эксплуатация, проверять, безопасный, быть ответственным за, оборудование, машинное отделение.
Exercise 5. Read the dialogue and then make up your own one.
A: Hello, you’re a newcomer, aren’t you?B: Yes, I’ve just joined your ship. A: What position are you appointed to?B: I’m going to serve as an oiler … A: Let me see your papers: Seaman’s book, qualification certificate and the required safety and medical certificates, please. B: These are my documents. A: They are all right. You’ll keep watches with the 1st assistant engineer. I’m sure you know that safe operation of the ship depends on observation of safety precautions by all personnel, don’t you.B: Yes, I do. Nevertheless, I’d like to be instructed in safe working practices and read on my own the safety regulations in force on your ship.
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Exercise 6. Match the term with its definition.
term definition1. fitter a. a generic term for a crew member of an aircraft, naval
vessel, military unit, or team of professionals attempting to accomplish a goal.
2. motorman b. a licensed member and head of the deck department of a merchant ship.
3. electrician c. is classified as either skilled or unskilled, depending on their training and the kind of welding he does.
4. pumpman d. is a person who uses machine tools to make or modify parts, primarily metal parts, a process known as machining.
5. welder e. may be employed in the installation of new electrical components or the maintenance and repair of existing electrical infrastructure.
6. engineer f. the prospective recipient of an award or honor or a person seeking or being considered for some kind of position
7. crewmember g. he is in charge of the engine.8. wiper h. is an unlicensed member of the engineering department of
a merchant ship. This position is almost exclusively on tankers, and on oil tankers in particular.
9. candidate i. the most junior crewmember in the engine room of a ship.
Exercise 7. Choose the right variant.
1. штатное расписание
a) noteb) schedulec) muster listd) muster station
2. МО с вахтенным обслуживанием
a) attended machinery spaceb) unmanned machinery spacec) unattended boiler roomd) manned cargo spaces
3.первая медицинская помощь
a) first help of doctorb) elementary helpc) aids d) elementary first-aid
4. быть списаннымa) to be missed b) to fire
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c) to be signed ond) to be dismissed from/off
5. запасные частиa) spare partsb) free detailsc) add-on partsd) same details
6. assigned dutiesa) основные действияb) предписанные обязанностиc) назначенные вахтыd) профессиональные обязаннсоти
7. main propulsion system
a) главная силовая установкаb) энергетическая системаc) основная системаd) силовая система
8. fire preventiona) пожарное предупреждениеb) предупреждение на случай пожараc) предотвращение пожараd) предотвращенный пожар
9. precautionsa) осторожные мерыb) меры предотвращения c) опасностьd) меры предосторожности
10. overtimea) длительное времяb) сверхурочные часыc) почасовая работаd) длительность несения вахты
Exercise 8. Translate one of the texts into Russian. Unknown words should be written down to your vocabulary of this lesson.
Wiper Wipers or engine utilitymen are low-qualification motormen. They work a day shift and are responsible for the general maintenance of the machinery spaces. Wipers shall give particular attention to the areas where access is difficult. Floor plates, ladder treads and handrails must not be cleaned with oil or solutions containing oil. They must be kept free from oil, grease or other material, which would make them slippery. The machine shop and storerooms shall be kept clean, neat and orderly. Loose equipment and gear shall be properly stowed and secured to prevent injury or damage in a seaway. Although a wiper is normally a day worker, in emergencies he may be assigned to a watch. Under the direction of an engineer wipers assist with engine department maintenance and repair. They must observe all safety precautions as directed by the supervisors.
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Oiler Oilers are watchkeeping motormen. An oiler on watch is required to make a round of inspection of the engine room, boiler room and steering engine-room, twice each hour. When making these inspections, particular attention shall be given to lube oil levels, temperatures, pressure gauge, readings and bearing temperatures of all operating/running machinery including the main engine(s). The water levels in the boilers shall be under constant observation. When fresh water is being taken on board an oiler may be required to make accurate soundings of all the tanks. The oilers change over and clean the lube oil strainers in each port when a vessel is operating coastwise, on long off-shore voyages this operation is done weekly. All precautions must be taken to prevent loss of lube oil pump suction during this procedure. If an oiler finds metal flakes in the strainer, indicating wear, he must report this fact to the watch engineer.
Exercise 9. Translate one of the texts into English.
1. В штате моего последнего судна было три вахтенных моториста, один обтирщик и один слесарь-ремонтник, сварщика в штате не было, а сварочные работы производились слесарем-ремонтником.
2. У него есть удостоверение моториста 1 класса и все требующиеся сертификаты по безопасности.
3. Где вы получили квалификационное свидетельство о морском образовании? – В центре подготовки и аттестации плавсостава на улице Гоголя.
4. Машинное отделение на том судне было обслуживаемое или необслуживаемое?
5. Были вчерашние работы плановым или аварийным техобслуживанием?6. Вы будете выполнять обязанности, предписанные старшим механиком, а
также распоряжения вахтенного механика. 7. Его главной обязанностью является поддержание чистоты в машинных
помещениях.8. Соблюдение мер безопасности обязательно.9. Должен ли я буду помогать производить техобслуживание и ремонт
механизмов и оборудования?10. Особое внимание стоит уделять чистоте на ступенях трапа.
This guide was formulated to help you look professional when joining a new vessel
You are generally required to sign the Ship's Book. The Third Officer is usually assigned to ensure the Ship's Book is completed. If you are in possession of a Seaman's Discharge Book, give it to the Third Officer, he is assigned to fill out the dates and attain the Commanding Officer's signature. If you have not already, you
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will be asked to sign a contract for employment. The Captain or his delegate may present this to you. This is an important document, ask for a copy and do not loose it. You are required to complete a Next of Kin notification form, the Commanding Officer keeps this file. You will be assigned a cabin, learn your MUSTER DUTIES for FIRE / BOAT STATIONS. These are posted above your bunk. You must make yourself familiar with these. EMERGENCIES can happen at any time. You also have to familiarize with the following Check Lists: Before Departure, 24 Hours, 7 Days. In the event of an EMERGENCY you can contact any ship's Officer. In the event of FIRE, activate the closest FIRE PULL STATION and contact the BRIDGE IMMEDIATELY. During MUSTER STATIONS and DRILLS follow the orders of the Officer in charge.
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Lesson 2. Alarms and Emergencies in the Engine Room
Exercise 1. Read and learn the following words and expressions:
1. essential главное; во мн.ч. основные элементы2. to recognize узнавать, опознавать3. burst разрыв4. spillage утечка5. unmanned machinery
spaces (UMS) МО с безвахтенным обслуживанием
6. workshop ремонтная мастерская7. to gather (at somewhere) собирать(ся)8. to take charge of осуществлять контроль9. propulsion силовая установка, двигатель10. unnoticed незамеченный11. bilge трюмная вода12. ULCC (ultra large crude carrier) супертанкер водоизмещением от 400 000т13. VLCC (very large crude carrier)танкер водоизмещением 160000 т и более14. to throw/pump out выкачивать, откачивать15. to muster собираться (на аварийный пост, на место сбора)16. to hamper (the safety) препятствовать, затруднять17. seat of fire очаг пожара18. to break out вспыхивать19. flap трубопроводный вентиль; задвижка, затвор20. fire boundary (-ies) граница пожара21. flammable (products) огнеопасный; легковоспламеняющийся22. blowback обратный удар пламени (проникающий в
шланг)23. to flash up вскипеть (внезапно)24. spark искра25. genuine (emergency) действительная (нештатная ситуация)26. to advise ставить в известность
Exercise 2. Read and translate the text.
Alarms/Emergencies Essentials for Engine Department
For effective usage of the limited emergency equipment available on board, all personnel must be aware of the location of fire-fighting equipment and life-saving appliances and be trained in their use. They must also be aware of the alarm signals, recognize them, and muster at the muster point in case of any type of emergency. As you know all the alarms should be well heard in the engine room. It should be remembered that the general alarm will be sounded in the event of fire, collision,
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grounding, cargo hose burst, major leakage or spillage of oil cargo and some other events. Other alarms could include engineer alarm for unmanned machinery spaces, carbon dioxide alarm, fire detector alarms, cargo tank level alarms and refrigerated store alarm But if your ship's alarms are ringing, often it does not mean that the situation is out of control. Alarms are warnings, which are sounded so that crew onboard take the emergency measures like wearing their life jackets, or gathering at a common point (muster station), depending upon the type of emergency and instructions given to them. There are four emergency teams on a board to handle with any emergency after hearing the certain alarm. The command center or roving commission is located on bridge. The emergency team 1 is tackling with the emergency. In general the chief officer will lead the team for the emergency on deck while the 2nd engineer will take charge of engine room emergencies. The Support/Standby Team or emergency team 2 is to provide first aid and prepare the lifeboats for lowering. The Technical/Engineer's Team or engine room control (ERC) team maintains the propulsion and maneuvering capability of the ship and auxiliary services. Engine room flooding and engine room fire are two main emergencies on ships. When engine room floods, the propulsion will stop automatically if left unnoticed. In the unmanned machinery spaces (UMS) it is important that the bilges and all alarm systems must function properly to give warnings when such emergencies happen. A ship floats on water surrounded by the sea on all sides. The engine room will usually be under the surface of the water, for example, on a ULCC or VLCC ship, the bottom platform of the ER is almost 10 to 15 metres below the water line. The main sea water line covers almost all parts of the engine room. This is a huge diameter pipe running forward and aft of the ship. The engine room is totally restricted from open atmosphere, so no water can go out except the normally designed piping system. It is not possible to throw/pump out anything from engine room as it may violate the Marpol rules and regulations. Thus engine room flooding is so dangerous; it may even hamper the safety of the ship. Because of the large quantities of fuel in engine rooms there is a risk of quick fire spread over the whole area. Engine room fires can also produce failures of operationally important systems away from the engine room. That can endanger crew even at some distance from the seat of the fire. Except the machinery control room there are in general no permanent fire boundaries within the machinery area.
Exercise 3. Give brief answers to the following questions:
1. What are the reasons to give a general alarm? 2. How many groups are on a board to tackle with ship’s emergency? 3. What are the main emergencies that can happen in the engine room? 4. What does UMS mean? 5. How can any crewmember find out about his emergency duties? 6. Why is it dangerous to neglect the leakages in the
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engine room? 7. What can you say about the safety rules for the engine department staff? 8. What actions should you carry out after the general alarm? 9. Why is a fire in the ER so dangerous?
Exercise 4. Give equivalents: in Russian: flooding, to pump out contaminated seawater, to close the flaps, to
spread, to malfunction, collision, to give the alarm, muster station, to take charge of, machinery space, explosion, crude oil carrier, control room, to tackle emergency; to function properly, to lead the team for the emergency on deck, to spread very quickly over the whole area, a pipe running forward and aft of the ship, to hamper the safety of the ship;
in English: разрыв шланга, место сбора, нештатная ситуация, аварийная партия, штатное расписание, бороться с огнем, откачивать воду, утечка, пробоина, столкновение, посадка на мель, машинное отделение с безвахтенным обслуживанием, резервная парта, очаг огня, распространение огня, отключить оборудование, покидать судно, общесудовая тревога, сигнал тревоги, вспыхивать (об пожаре).
Exercise 5. Read the dialogue and then make up your own one.
A: The fire is in zone nine.B: Is anyone down there?A: No, I don’t think so. Take the Fourth engineer and go to zone nine and see what the problem is. B: Yes, Sir. Take the Fourth and go to zone nine and see what the problem is.A: Chief Engineer to Bridge.C: Bridge, Captain.A: We’ve got fire in the E.R. We have shut down all the ventilation fans and we are closing the ventilation flaps and stopping the engine.B: Understood, Chief. Keep us informed? A: How large is the fire?B: It’s difficult to say. There’s a lot of smoke but there are no flames.C: Fire in zone nine, believed to be in workshop. This is a genuine emergency.D: The Second Engineer will lead the fire party. The fire party mustered.C: Bridge to Mate, fire party mustered. The muster is now completed.B: Second to Bridge. I will inspect the fire.D: I will advise you when the party leaves the muster station.
Notes:…believed – предполагается
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Exercise 6. Match the term with its definition.
term definition1. Fire Alarm a. The machinery space is fitted with CO2 fixed with fire
extinguishing system whose audible and visual alarm is entirely different from machinery space alarm and other alarm for easy reorganization. In case of CO2 alarm, leave the Engine Room immediately.
2. Machinery space Alarm
b. All Ship Engineers Should assemble in the Engine Control Room.
3. Engine Room Flooding
c. The machinery in the engine room has various safety devices and alarms fitted for safe operation. If any one of these malfunctions, a common engine room alarm is operated and the problem can be seen in the engine control room control panel which will display the alarm.
4. Engineers Call d. In this case Chief Engineer should be called immediately and general alarm should be raised. Immediate action should be taken in preventing more sea water to enter the engine room and emergency pumping out from the Engine Room should be established in accordance with the Chief Engineer.
5. Machinery Space CO2 Alarm
e.This alarm is sounded as continuous ringing of ship’s electrical bell or continuous sounding of ship’s horn.
Exercise 7. Choose the right variant.
1. Do not _____ your own life attempting to combat a fire or rescue a casualty yourself.
a) save c) endangerb) effect d) affect
2. Emergency team fights fires using appropriate ____ system.
a) flexible c) newb) fixed d) available
3. Before entering UMS you should ensure reporting and communication procedures are clearly _____.
a) written c) shownb) fixed d) understood
4. Correct flashing up procedures must be followed to avoid risk of ____.
a) explosion c) sparkb) blowback. d) flame
5. Hot work is any operation which produced sufficient heat to ignite _____ products.
a) flammable c) dryb) liquid d) powder
6. Post warning signs and protect other personnel from ____, fumes and electric arose.
a) stacks c) sparksb) cracks d) defects
7. If a common engine room alarm is operated, the problem can ____in the control panel that displays the alarm.
a) be seen c) be storedb) be fulfilled d) be expected
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8. To prevent more sea water _____ the engine room some immediate actions should be taken.
a) feeding c) pumping outb) entering d) taking off
9. Collision of the ship with other ship or with berths in the way of engine room may cause _____.
a) grounding c) gearingb) mooring d) flooding
10. The emergency duties of any crewmember are stated in his individual/personal master card according to Muster __.
a) list c) figure
b) number d) station
Exercise 8. Read the texts and answer the following questions.
What is the main problem of the former/later text? What are the main reasons of the emergency described in the former/later text? What are the actions of the crew in case of the emergency mentioned in the
former/later text?
Engine Room Fires Special regulations regarding structural fire protection apply to fuel-transporting systems. There is a fixed fire fighting installation. In part-time unmanned engine rooms there are fixed fire alarm systems. Every fire in the machinery area brings with it the risk of expansion into a large fire. It is essential to order immediate closing-down of the area and interruption of the fuel supply, provided the navigational situation permits this. All valves of oil tanks and fire dampers in engine room may be shut off from the control box for emergency shut in ER. To fight the fire the fixed fire fighting installations are used. If a fire is found on board it must be extinguished immediately with the available equipment, and the fire alarm must be given. When the alarm sounds the ship’s officers and crew should immediately follow the standing instructions laid down in the ship’s fire plan.
Engine Room Flooding The engine room flooding can take place due to mainly two reasons such as leakage from equipment or system and crack or hole in the ship’s hull because of the collision, for example. Leakage in the engine room space from machinery or sea/fresh water system can be caused by the failure or cracks in a sea water pump. Sometimes water comes from sea water or fresh water cooler and from boiler feed water system. Speaking about actions to be taken in such situations it should be mentioned that the sooner fault will be found, the better the crew will tackle with an emergency. The defected equipment is to be isolated and other circulating system has to be started. Then the engineer on watch informs chief engineer regarding the leak and follows the instruction from him.
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If the engine room flooding arises due to crack in the hull or small hole in the hull, the engine room staff should perform the following actions. At first the size of the leakage should be detected. By all means, the leakage has to be minimized and finally stopped. If the leak is not big enough, then cement box is to be put in place of the leak and repairs are to be done accordingly. Otherwise, the captain has to decide whether the ship is safe place to stay or not and decision for abandoning the ship has to be made. In case of abandon ship signal being announced, the engine room staff should muster to their respective lifeboat and abandon ship operation should be carried out.
1. regarding относительно, по отношению к 2. closing-down закрытие; прекращение работы3. to permit разрешать4. damper демпфер; гаситель ( колебаний )5. control box блок управления6. standing instructions постоянно действующие инструкции7. to lay down размещать8. feed water питательная вода9. to arise возникать, появляться
Exercise 9. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. Leakage of any ballast water tank in the double bottom of the engine room, leakage from manhole, or crack in the water tank can also lead to engine room flooding.
2. Grounding of ship in shallow areas may cause buckling (искривление, повреждение) in the engine room area where sea water starts to enter the engine room directly or indirectly, it may happen when hull gets ruptured in the way of bilge tank or any other tank causing it to overflow.
3. Collision of the ship with other ship or with berths/jetty in the way of engine room may cause flooding.
4. If the sounding pipe is not of self-closing or the cap is left open, and that particular tank gets filled up and left unnoticed, may lead to flooding of engine room.
5. All members of the technical staff must know all the ship emergency codes in detail, Mr. Skylight, Mr. Mob, Code Blue, and Oscar are some of the ship emergency codes followed by mariners.
6. While ER flooding at sea, it may require shutting down the plant, stopping engines and start emergency generator, shutting the main sea suction valve, to carry out repair works.
7. All members of the crew should receive appropriate training in accordance with their role at the time of emergency.
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8. The emergency duties of any crewmember are stated in his individual/personal muster card according to Muster number.
sounding pipe - измерительная трубка (в цистерне)
Exercise 10. Translate the sentences into English.
1. Главный (старший) механик при общесудовой тревоге отвечает за ходовую вахту в машинном отделении и проверяет аварийное оборудование.
2. Второй механик при общесудовой тревоге управляет аварийной партией (группой) машинного отделения и несет ответственность за ее подготовку к борьбе за живучесть судна (damage control).
3. Третий механик при общесудовой тревоге является вахтенным механиком, обеспечивает работу главных и вспомогательных механизмов, пожарных и осушительных насосов.
4. Если на судне нет электромеханика, то при общесудовой тревоге третий механик выполняет их обязанности.
5. Существует пять основных нештатных ситуаций: пожар или взрыв, столкновение, посадка на мель, утечка и человек за бортом.
6. Пожар/Взрыв может возникнуть из-за неверного использования оборудования, самовозгорания (spontaneous combustion), неосторожностью с открытым огнем или курения.
7. Столкновение или посадка на мель происходит из-за отказа механизмов или руля, халатностью при несении вахты или навигационных ошибок.
8. Течь возникает при повреждении корпуса, палубы или люковых закрытий.Course of Action for Engine Room Flooding
Ves
sel I
s In
Por
t:
1. Inform Chief Engineer & Duty Officer on the bridge (cargo control room), sound the General Emergency Alarm.2. Make sure the power requirement is met by starting and synchronizing additional generator.3. After getting approval & with the presence of Chief Engineer, open the "Emergency Bilge Suction" valve.4. Try to locate and isolate the leakage.5. Follow Chief Engineer's instructions.
Ves
sel i
s at
Sea
:
1. Inform Chief Engineer & bridge immediately.2. Sound general emergency alarm and invite man power.3. Start additional generators and necessary machineries.4. Open emergency bilge suction valve with the permission and presence of Chief Engineer.5. It may require shutting down the plant, stopping engines and start emergency generator, shutting the main sea suction valve, to carry out repair works.
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Lesson 3. Fire-Fighting Measures
Exercise 1. Read and learn the following words and expressions:
1 carelessness, negligence халатность2 list крен3 low visibility плохая видимость4 closure закрытие, герметизация5 combustible/flammable легковоспламеняющиеся, опасный6 transverse bulkhead поперечная переборка7 adjacent примыкающий8 to break out (broke, broken) начинаться, возникать, разразится
(шторм)9. accessible (fire) доступный (огонь)10 welding, forging сварка, ковка,11 spot место (работы с огнем)12 installation установка13 fire watch or sentry часовой14 foam extinguisher пенный огнетушитель15 powder extinguisher порошковый огнетушитель16 fire axe пожарный топор17. fire nozzle пожарный гидрант или сопло18 fire bucket пожарное ведро19 fire main пожарный трубопровод20. inlet and outlet вход и выход21 to pull out the plug (socket) отключить (розетка)22 to rule out, to eliminate исключать, устранять23 contaminant загрязняющее вещество, примесь2425
extinguish extinction
тушить, гасить тушение огня
26 sprinkler распылитель, разбрызгиватель27 residual agents остаток, остаточный продукт
Exercise 2. Read and translate the text.
Fire Emergency Accidents can be caused by carelessness, by inappropriate personal protective equipment or by inexpert handling of appliances and also some dangers that cannot be eliminated, e.g. list, low visibility caused by fog etc. Any fire which breaks out in spite of all the precautions remains restricted to its originating area. Experience teaches that a large fire on board can no longer be extinguished with the means available on board.
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Because of the large size of the cargo holds that often contain large amount of combustible substances the restriction of fire is not always possible. If the cargo hold transverse bulkheads are not constructed as fire boundaries, spread of the fire to adjacent compartments cannot be ruled out. Fixed fire alarms permit early recognition of an outbreak of fire. Closures for loading hatches, accesses, ventilation inlets and outlets permit prevention of the ingress (доступ) of atmospheric oxygen. Fixed fire fighting installations allow the fire to be restricted to the cargo hold in which it broke out. The work of emergency squad often does not make sense as the seat of the fire is not free accessible. Spread of the fire is made more difficult or prevented by water-cooling the closures, transverse bulkheads and decks. Fire in the accommodation area occurs not very often, but it is possible because of the fires in the machinery area. Fire risks arise there due to inadequate care and maintenance of the machinery installation and its auxiliaries. Work with fire, like welding, burning or forging may only be carried out by experts specially trained and tested for this. There must be a fire watch on the spot. All the fire-fighting systems and equipment should be in good operating condition ready for immediate use. The deck department is responsible for all portable fire-fighting equipment, while the engine department takes care of all fixed fire-fighting systems. The Muster list includes all information about the duties and actions in emergencies of any crewmember. Fire drills are held weekly or monthly depending on the ship’s type and company’s safety policy. Exercise 3. Give brief answers to the following questions:
1. What are fire prevention measures? 2. When is it possible to use fire-fighting installations effectively? 3. When is it impossible to use only the means available on board? 4. How can fire be restricted to the area in which it broke out? 5. What is to be done when the work of fire squads is not possible? 6. Why are fire risks in the machinery area greater than anywhere else? 7. What would increase the danger of the fire growing into a large one? 8. How can the spread of fire be restricted? 9. What are the causes of many shipboard fires? 10. Who is responsible for refilling fire extinguishers? 11. When are fire drills carried out? 12. Where should a joining ship crewmember find out all about fire emergency?
Exercise 4. Give equivalents: in Russian: fire hydrants, fire boundary, galley, fire-fighting squad or party, to
fight against, outlet, to pull out the plug, fire hoses, to give the fire alarm, fire nozzles, sand box, cargo hold, breathing apparatus, emergency duties, fire mains, hatch cover, inaccessible fire, fire alarm box, fire axes, combustible substances under high pressure, machinery space, to neglect, smoke helmet, precaution measures, enclosed space, broken out fire, to eliminate, forging, heater, inlet, to
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sound fire alarm signal, to ensure ventilation, shore pumps, closure, fire-extinguishing appliances, spot, fire bucket;
in English: пожарная партия, фланцы, пожарный гидрант, пенный огнетушитель, потушить огонь, три класса пожара, легковоспламеняющиеся вещества, источник возгорания, закрытое пространство, коридоры, ограничить доступ кислорода, жилые помещения, машинное отделение, пожарная тревога, пена, пожарный шланг, примыкающее помещение, пожарный ствол или сопло, клапан, исключать, очаг огня, выключить из розетки, препятствовать скольжению, опрокидываться, сварка, поперечные переборки, распространение огня, пепельница, запрет, отсек.
Exercise 5. The wrong type of extinguishers or fire-fighting agents and equipment may worsen the situation, that’s why it is important that every crewmember knows the advantages and limitations of each fire extinguisher. Study the table and then discuss the information.
Table 1. Types of extinguishers. Advantages and disadvantages.
Type of extinguishers
Colour Advantages Limitations or disadvantages
water fire extinguisher
red Good for tackling class A fires involving burning wood, paper, textiles and general combustible materials. It doesn’t contain any harmful chemicals or residual agents and they are kind to the environment.
they are strictly for class A use only and can make the fire worse or be very dangerous to the user if used on the other classes of fire.
foam fire extinguisher
cream especially suitable for class B flammable liquid fires such as paints, thinners (растворитель), petrol, and oil spills. Foam is also very effective on class A fires such as man-made furnishings.
they cannot be used on domestic chip or fat pan fires
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Type of extinguishers
Colour Advantages Limitations or disadvantages
ABC dry powder fire extinguisher
blue a multi-purpose and highly effective extinguishing agent, making them an excellent choice for use in most circumstances
they leave a powder residue, causing damage to electronic equipment They should not be used in accommodation or food preparation areas, etc.
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
fire extinguisher
black safe for use on electrical appliances and are non-residual, making it ideal for use in accommodation where sensitive computer equipment would be damaged by using other types of extinguishing agents.
As CO2 does not cool the fire very well, there is a risk of the fire re-igniting. Fumes from CO2 extinguishers can be harmful if used in enclosed spaces. The horn freezes during discharge, so care must be taken not to touch it.
wet chemical fire
extinguisher
yellow specially designed for such fires as in galley involving burning cooking oils and fats like deep fat fryers.
No disadvantage for their intended application. It is recommended that the intended user should be trained in the proper application of this specialized extinguisher.
Exercise 6. Read the dialogue and then make up your own one.
A: How do you do, I am a port fire control officer John Brown.B: How do you do Mr. Brown. I am the third officer. My name is Klimov. What can I do for you?A: Well, I am to inspect your ship. First of all I want to see the hatches where cargo operations are going on. Under the rules of our port you should place fire extinguishers at each hatch and lay fire hoses connected with shore pumps.B: Certainly, sir. We don’t violate the rules. We’ve posted a deck-hand on fire watch. He makes regular rounds about the ship and reports to me every half an hour. A: Very good. And now I’ll see the certificate for the ship’s fire equipment… I see everything is ship-shape. All certificates are valid and I have no claims.
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B: … I am on fire. I need help, over. A: What is the nature of fire? Over.B: The fire broke out in the engine-room. The fire is deep-seated and inaccessible, over.A: Do you require a fire party? Over.B: Positive. I need fire-fighting team. We fear spreading fire. Over.A: My fire-fighting team will be ready as soon as we reach you. Stand by on channel 16. Over.B: Standing on channel 16. Out.
A: What are the main parts, which include comprehensive requirements to all or specified ship types in regard to fighting fire?B: They are seven: general (general fire safety objectives), prevention of fire and explosion, suppression of fire and explosion, escape, operational requirements, alternative design and arrangements and special requirements.A: General requirements include general fire safety objectives, don’t they? And how is suppression of fire and explosion effected?B: Certainly, they do. Suppression is effected with fire-fighting equipment. As to detection of fire and explosion it is done by fire detection and alarm systems. Remind me, what do operational requirements include?A: They include maintenance, testing and inspections, training and drills.
Use the given words and expressions to compose your own dialogue:
1. A fire breaks out in the deck cargo. The fire is quite accessible. (to sound fire alarm signal, break the glass of fire alarm box and press the button, to use chemical extinguishers, sand and water, to put out the fire by ship’s means) 2. Fire occurs in the engine room. The fire is inaccessible. (to give fire alarm signal, to activate ship’s fire-fighting system, CO2 extinguishers, foam extinguishing system)3. During your watch some welding is to be done. What safety precautions should be observed? (to obey regulations, to avoid smoking, combustible substances, power source, sources of ignition, fire sentry, extinction appliances, to ensure ventilation, ‘water wall’) Exercise 7. Choose the right variant.
1. The water supply to the hose ___ be automatic and manual.
a) may c) canb) must d) should
2. Damaged hoses ____ be removed from service.
a) could c) had tob) should d) must
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3. Each portable extinguisher ____ be tested regularly and according to the instructions.
a) should c) canb) might d) had to
4. If you see smoke behind a closed door you ___ know a fire size or type.
a) may not c) must notb) should not d) can not
5. Every crewmember ____ know where fire-fighting equipment is kept and how to use it.
a) must c) mayb) can d) had to
6. These protective suits ___ be used on oil tankers but not for flammable cargoes.
a) must c) canb) should d) will have to
7. Fixed powder fire extinguishing system will _____ to be used, if the fire is detected & whether its type permits
a) be allowed c) have b) be able d) may
8. Fire-fighting equipment _____ never be stowed when it is wet or dirty.
a) could c) shouldb) might d) would
9. Fire buckets ____ be filled with sand or water.
a) must c) canb) may d) should
10. The number of fire hoses ____have to include a number of hoses required in the engine-room or boiler-room.
a) do not c) does notb) not to d) don’t
Exercise 8. Be ready to discuss the following texts according to the given points:
the main sense of the text the structure of the text the possible questions to the main parts of the text
Fire Detection and Extinction A fire detection system is designed to detect immediately a fire, give early warning of the situation and so provide the crew with the best possible chance to control and extinguish a fire before it can damage property (имущество), a ship and lives. The system has a central control and monitoring panel, heat, smoke and flame detectors, and alarm sounders. Fixed water fire extinguishing systems are the most popular ones. Water is cheap for fire-fighting and has a large capacity to absorb heat. Water systems are simple to install and maintain. For example, automatic sprinkler systems detect, control and extinguish a fire in its early stages. To protect large high risk areas such as machinery spaces and cargo holds fixed gas fire extinguishing systems are used. Fixed low and high expansion foam systems are permitted in machinery spaces and fixed low expansion systems are required on cargo tank decks of tankers. Vessels carrying liquefied gases must be provided with a dry chemical powder system for the fire protection of the cargo deck area and any bow and stern loading areas. It must be possible to deliver powder to any part of the cargo deck from at
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least two monitors and/or hand held hose. An inert gas, usually nitrogen, stored in pressurized cylinders located near the powder storage is used to start the system.
nitrogen – азот pressurized – герметизированный
Exercise 9. Check the procedures for the fire-fighting. Translate the words into the brackets.
Procedures for Fighting a Fire Onboard
Signal: Continuous sounding of ship's whistle and (общесудовая тревога) for at least 10 seconds
FIND the fire, the location, and its size
INFORM the Captain immediately to: Sound the general alarm (собраться на месте сбора) the crew and notify all
hands Make a (сигнал бедствия) to Coast Guard and nearby vessels Activate emergency (противопожарное оборудование)
RESTRICT the fire by one of the following ways: Shut off air supply to the fire - close (люки), ports, etc. De-energize electrical systems in affected space (установите) fire boundaries to confine the fire Shut off (подача топлива) and ventilation Maneuver vessel to minimize the effect of wind on the fire Prior to activating (стационарная система пожаротушения), ensure that all
personnel have been evacuated from the space
EXTINGUISH the fire by one of the following ways: Determine class of fire, appropriate equipment, extinguishing agent and method of attack (тщательно осмотреть) and set re-flash watch Muster crew to account for all personnel If unable to control fire, prepare (покидать судно)
Warning: As soon as water is used for extinguishing, dewatering procedures should commence to avoid impairment of stability!
Exercise 9. Translate the sentences into Russian.
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1. Chapter II-2 of Solas concerns fire protection, fire detection and fire extinction. It is divided into four parts: A – general, B – fire safety measures for passenger ships, C – fire safety measures for cargo ships and D – just the same for tankers. 2. Smoking should be avoided at the workplace even if there is no smoking ban, besides open containers with combustible substances should be kept as far as possible.3. When welding one should have at hand suitable extinction materials and appliances, and in enclosed spaces effective ventilation should be ensured. 4. Ashtrays of non-combustible material must be emptied at regular intervals and should be fixed preventing their slipping and tipping over, lighted cigarette ends are never thrown over the side, because they can be carried inboard again and start fires. 5. Coffee machines and other small electrical appliances are a particular source of danger if after use they are not switched off and the plug pulled out of the socket, that’s why electric irons, portable heaters and other appliances may after use be laid down only on any non-combustible surfaces. 6. The extinguishers, their type and size should be shown on the fire plan of the ship, while the number of them depends on the type of vessel and the risk of fire. At least one extinguisher should be provided in accommodation, machinery and service spaces and control stations. 7. An extinguisher is activated by removing the safety pin and pressing the control lever, it should be held in front of the body and while coming to the fire it should be kept as low as possible. 8. Not less than five plus one spare fire hoses stored in dry and well-ventilated conditions should be tested according to the instructions. After contact with oils and grease and after use with foam hoses should be washed, blown through, drained and wiped down before stowing.9. As water fire extinguishers are cleaner than other extinguishing agents, they are a good choice for assisting in the emergency, for example, a powder extinguishing agent could enter the eyes of the user. But water conducts electricity and thereby presents a risk of electrocution to the user. 10. CO2 fire extinguishers work by displacing oxygen at the source of the fire with an inert gas. They also have some cooling properties.
Exercise 10. Translate the sentences into English.
1. Огнетушители могут быть автоматическими или ручными, а также углекислотными, пенными, порошковыми и водными.2. Огнетушители маркируются буквами, характеризующими вид огнетушителя, и цифрами, обозначающими его вместимость.3. Все огнетушители проверяются не реже раз в год, количество и тип ручных огнетушителей на судне определяются правилами регистра.
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4. В начале пожара большая проблема - это распространение дыма, а судовые коридоры быстро заполняются ядовитым дымом.5. Пожары класса А вызываются горением воспламеняющихся твердых веществ (дерево, бумага, ткани, пластмасса, резина), наиболее эффективно они тушатся водой, но возможно применение пены и порошка.
6. Пожары класса В, вызванные горением воспламеняющейся жидкости (бензин, дизтопливо, пищевое масло), тушатся водой, порошком и углекислым газом.
7. Если горит электрическое оборудование, то сначала следует отключить питание.
8. Применение большого количества воды может ухудшить ситуацию (to worsen). 9. Наиболее распространенной причиной возгорания являются утечки в системе питания двигателя. 10. При тушении пожара в закрытом отсеке лучше всего использовать стационарную систему пожаротушения.
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Lesson 4. Types of Ships
Exercise 1. Read and learn the following words and expressions:
1. general cargo ship судно для перевозки генерального груза2. dry bulk carrier судно для перевозки навалочного груза
(балкер)3 multipurpose ship судно многоцелевого назначения4 liquid cargo жидкий груз5 LASH ships лихтеровоз6 freighter 1. фрахтователь, 2. грузовое судно7 (seagoing) lighters (морской) лихтер, портовая баржа 8 to stack (upon) складывать, помещать (один на один)9 to carry/to haul/to ply перевозить, транспортировать10 in bulk/loose насыпью, навалом или наливом11 shipper грузоотправитель12 liner лайнер, пароход, совершающий регулярные
рейсы13 tramp трамповое судно (грузовое судно, не
работающее на определенных рейсах)14 schedule расписание, график, план, режим15 deep-sea or short sea tramp трамповое судно дальнего или прибрежного
плавания16 shipping companies судоходная (транспортная) компания17 to tow, tug буксировать; буксир18 to submerge погружать(ся), затоплять19 derelicts and wrecks фрагменты и обломки судна20 obstacle препятствие21 cell ячейка22 perishable goods скоропортящиеся товары23 ramp аппарель, пандус, наклонный въезд или
съезд25 coaster каботажное судно26 cargo handling
equipment/gearоборудование для обработки груза
Exercise 2. Read and translate the text, paying attention to the words in italics.
Classification of Cargo Ships Cargo ships, or freighters, can be divided into four groups, according to the kind of cargo they carry. These groups are (1) general cargo ships, (2) tankers, (3) dry bulk carriers, and (4) multipurpose ships. General cargo ships, carry what are called "packaged" items - goods that are put in packages or that form a package in
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themselves. Packaged items include such products as chemicals, foods, furniture, machinery, motor vehicles, shoes, steel, textiles, and whiskey. The traditional cargo ships include container ships, roll-on/roll-off ships, and LASH ships. LASH ships are huge freighters that carry preloaded seagoing lighters (barges) stacked one upon the other. The term LASH stands for Lighter Aboard Ship. LASH ships can hold from 70 to 90 barges, each of which can carry 370 tons (336 metric tons) of cargo. Tankers carry oil or other liquid cargo. Dry bulk carriers haul coal, grain, iron ore, and similar products that can be loaded in bulk (loose) on the vessels. Multipurpose ships carry different classes of cargo - for example, liquid and general cargo - at the same time. Cargo ships can also be divided into two types according to the service they offer shippers — liner service or tramp service. Cargo liners run on fixed schedules along certain trade routes and charge published rates. They usually transport only general cargo. Some cargo liners also carry passengers. Those that carry more than 12 passengers are called combination or passenger-cargo ships. Tramp ships do not sail on regular trade routes or have regular schedules. They can be hired to haul almost anything, anywhere, anytime. Tramps can be classed as deep-sea or short-sea tramps. Some of them are classed as coasters. They ply on coastal routes and up rivers to inland ports. Small shipping companies and private individuals operate these ships. Exercise 3. Give brief answers to the following questions:
1. What are the main types of cargo ships?2. What are tankers used for?3. What are general cargo ship?4. What are multipurpose ships used for?5. What are tramp ships? 6. What is the difference between cargo liners and tramps?7. What types of tramps do you know?8. How is containerised cargo loaded and unloaded?9. What are some advantages of containerisation?10. What ships do we call Ro-Ro ships?11. What does the word LASH stand for? What are LASH ships used for?12. What are dry bulk cargo carriers used for?
Exercise 4. Give equivalents:
in Russian: to haul, fixed routes, packaged items, refrigerated goods, bulk cargo, to be designed, lighters, stern opening, reefer, tug, bulky cargo ship, gantry cranes, cell, containerized goods, bulky cargo, shipper, to stack, tramp service, derelicts and wrecks, to submerge, cargo handling gear, perishable goods, the main feature, to tow, to be hoisted, lorries or trailers, to be fitted;
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in English: насыпной груз, хранение, коммерческое судно, генеральный груз, грузовое судно, обеспечивать, расписание или график, лесоматериалы, порт назначения, лайнер (пароход, совершающий регулярные рейсы), жидкий груз, буксир, насос, подъемная стрела, двойное дно, навалочный груз, трамповое судно, оборудование для обработки груза, препятствие или помеха, портальный или эстакадный кран, аппарель, скоропортящийся груз, размещать груз, фрагменты судна или его обломки, паром, буксировать, поднимать, судно многоцелевого назначения, затоплять.
Exercise 5. Odd one out (if any).
1. liner, coaster, lorry, freighter2. stern, bow, ramp, aft3. secure, stow, store, tow4. perishable, refrigerated, bulk, fixed5. derrick, crane, ramp, boom6. compartment, galley, cabin, gangway 7. VLCC, TEU, LASH, LNG
Exercise 6. Read the dialogue and then make up your own one.
A: What’s that ship with the superstructure right forward and a couple of gantry cranes?B: She’s one of LASH ships. They pick up fully loaded barges and stow them in layers in the hold. Then when they get to their destination they launch the barges over the stern and tugs take them in tow. That way LASH ships can load and discharge very quickly. It’s like a bigger version of container ships. A: I see.
Exercise 7. Is this information true or false?
1. A tramp is not allowed to carry passengers.2. Freighters that carry cargoes according to schedules that are not fixed are called
liners.3. General cargo is cargo that has been packed in crates or bags.4. Lash-vessels usually carry lighters.5. Perishable cargoes are oil, liquid gas and timber.6. Dry bulk cargoes are loaded and discharged by derricks.7. Merchant ships are designed to carry cargo and/or passengers.8. There is no cargo handling equipment on Ro/Ro.9. A coaster’s engine room is situated fore.
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10. Heavy load vessel is designed to carry bulk containers.
Exercise 8. Match the term with its definition.
Term Definition
1. Container ship
a. somewhat like small bulk carriers. These box-like vessels haul such cargoes as cement, coal, grain, gravel, and sand across harbours, on canals and rivers, and along coasts. Modern barges have diesel motors or are pushed or towed by tugs. The size of a canal or river barge is limited by the waterway on which it operates. The barge must be short enough to make the curves in the waterway and narrow enough to pass through canals. Barges that operate in coastal waters can be practically any size.
2. Dry bulk carrier
b. has been designed to lift and carry extremely heavy cargo on the main deck. Their cargoes such as drilling platforms, engines, trains, derelicts and wrecks are loaded onto the main deck that is free from any obstacles.
3. Barges c. were among the first ships designed to carry only one kind of cargo - petroleum.
4. Multipurpose ships
d. eliminates the individual hatches, holds, and derricks of the traditional general cargo vessel. The hull of this ship is simply an enormous warehouse divided into cells by vertical guide rails. The cells are designed to hold cargo in prepackaged units called containers. The ship does not need a large gang of workers spending hours to fit various items into different holds. Giant cranes pick up the containers, swing them over the ship, and then lower them one upon the other into the cells. After the hold has been loaded, additional containers are stacked on the deck.
5. Tankers e. are designed to haul several kinds of cargo at the same time. They can have refrigerated space for foods that spoil easily, tank space for liquid cargo, and a deck for automobiles, etc.
6.Coasters f. carries perishable cargoes, such as fruit and meat. These cargoes require cooling and must be stored in spaces that have precise temperature- and humidity controls during the voyage.
7. Heavy-load vessel
g. are the vessels that can be easily recognized by their tall derricks designed to lift a raw material from which wood-products are manufactured.
8. Timber carriers
h. take containers mounted on a framework of wheels like a truck trailer. These ships have a stern opening and side openings. These ships also carry cars, buses, house trailers, trucks, and any other cargo that can be rolled aboard.
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9 Reefer or refrigerated-cargo vessel
i. carry cargo along the coast or on sea voyages. These ships are of limited length and tonnage. Often there are no tween decks and the cargo spaces have no obstacles, so that a variety of cargo can be handled. The ship’s engine room is situated aft.
10.Roll-on/roll-off ships, also known as ro-ro ships
k. transport fertilizer, grain, ore, salt, sugar, or any other cargo that can be piled loose into a hold. Like tankers, these vessels were designed to carry only one kind of cargo. But unlike tankers, the ore carriers hauled solid cargo. As a result, they required more complicated loading and unloading arrangements than tankers, which needed little more than hose connections and pumps.
Exercise 9. Choose the right variant.
1. … is a container that floats in the water. a) lighter b) crate c) box d) bag
2. Cargo is loaded and discharged by the vessel’s … on general cargo ships. a) pumps b) gantry cranes c) trailers d) derricks
3. The loaded vehicles are driven aboard via … a) a hold b) a ramp c) a compartment d) an engine room
4. Reefers are equipped with … a) tween deck b) double bottom c) refrigerating plant d) gantry cranes
5. Double bottoms provide … for fuel, lubricating oil and waters. a) discharge b) stowage c) storage d) emerge
Exercise 10. Translate the sentences into English.
1. Контейнеровозы обычно не оборудованы погрузочными механизмами.2. Лихтеровоз — специализированное судно для перевозки груза в лихтерах
или баржах, контейнерах.3. Умеренная скорость хода и возможность перевозки различных грузов – две
особенности трампового судна. 4. Каботажное судно, как правило, не выходит в открытое море.5. Танкер — морское или речное грузовое судно, предназначенное для
перевозки наливных грузов.
Lesson 5. Safety of the Engine Room
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Exercise 1. Read and learn the following words and expressions:
1. fire hazard опасность возникновения пожара2. restricted water судовой ход ограниченной ширины3 inert gas plant установка для газификации топлива4 fresh water пресная вода5 purifier очиститель, очистной аппарат6 storage tank резервуар для хранения нефтепродукта7 waste incinerator устройство для сжигания мусора8 acceptable limits допустимый границы (нормы)9 to be sufficient to быть достаточным10 intake air всасываемый воздух11 to pull into втягивать12 exhaust blower вытяжной вентилятор13 to dispose of сбросить14 dumping аварийный слив15 to keep tidy содержать в чистоте и порядке16 tripping спотыкание, падение17 exhaust manifold выпускной (выхлопной) коллектор18 designated entrance обозначенный вход19 to lag покрыть изоляцией20 sounding pipe измерительная трубка (в цистерне)21 emergency engine резервный двигатель22 fuel-oil supply pump топливоподкачивающий насос23 waste heat pump циркуляционный насос25 setting tank отстойная цистерна
Exercise 2. Read and translate the text, paying attention to the words in italics.
Safety Precautions Engine rooms are hot, noisy, sometimes dirty and potentially dangerous. The presence of flammable fuel, high voltage (HV) electrical equipment and internal combustion engines (ICE) means that a serious fire hazard exists in the engine room, which is monitored continuously by the engine department and various monitoring systems. Engineers and motormen should wear safety clothing and in the engine room. They wear boiler suit, safety shoes, safety helmet, gloves and ear-muffs In a ship’s engine room, where the maximum machines are located, crew carry out the maintenance for safe and efficient operation. Each machine on board a ship requires maintenance which has to be carried out at regular intervals of time. The number of crew members and engineers on the ship has reduced. Many ships carry only 3-4 engineers on board a ship and even the time required to carry out maintenance on the ship has reduced. The number of crew members is less and the
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amount of machinery is more. That’s why it is so important to plan the maintenance of the machinery that should be overhauled and maintained properly. Second engineer is responsible for planning the schedule of maintenance on a ship. There is no strict rules about the location of each item of equipment, but normally the engine room consists of several levels with different machinery such as auxiliary engines or diesel generators, a boiler, the inert gas plant, fresh water generator and purifiers, fuel and oil pumps and storage tanks, the engine control room, waste incinerator and some equipment like electrical panels at various levels. The location of the engine room itself isn't fixed for all types of ships. Most ships have engine room at the aft, while there are other variations in which it is located amidships or at the front side of the ship. The engine room can either be manned or unmanned, which basically means that either there are duty engineer and crew present 24 hours a day in the engine room (typically on a 4-on-4-off duty mode). The actual mode depends on the type of ship, the level of automation, and certain navigating conditions such as navigation in restricted waters and so on. When any watchkeeper enters the engine room, he is typically advised to follow a "funnel to tunnel" path where he starts inspecting the top most sections of the room and ends at the bottom most level. This helps to detect any leaks, abnormal noises, and other faults which may not be detected by the alarms and monitors installed on modern ships. Maintenance and repair of engine room machinery requires moving of heavy parts from one place to another. As individual parts of main engine and machinery of ship weighs in tonnes, engine room crane operation and safety are the most important for the continuous operation of the ship. If equipped with internal combustion or turbine engines, engine rooms comprise several means for providing air. If it is attended machinery space, additional ventilation should be available to keep engine room temperatures to acceptable limits. If it is UMS, the ventilation need only be sufficient to supply the engines with intake air. The requirement for general ventilation and the requirement for sufficient combustion air are quite different. Engines pull sufficient air into the engine room for their own operation. However, additional airflow for ventilation usually requires intake and exhaust blowers. Exercise 3. Give brief answers to the following questions:
1. Why is the engine room so dangerous? 2. What should engine room staff wear while working in machinery space? 3. What is about the number of the engineers and motormen in the engine room? 4. What is about the time for maintaining the machinery and equipment in machinery spaces? 5. Who is responsible for the schedule? 6. What is about the work time in the engine room? 7. Why are there different modes of working in the engine room? 8. What is the good piece of advice
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for engineers and motormen? 9. What is about engine room location? It depends on… . 10. The safety rules are very important in the machinery spaces, aren’t they? 11. How many types of engine rooms do you know? 12. Is it right, that the system of ventilation differs from the type of the engine rooms?
Exercise 4. Give equivalents:
in Russian: main propulsion plant, sounding pipe, setting tank, machinery to be secured, ear-muffs, boiler suit, internal combustion engines, equipment to be checked, HV electrical equipment, to lag the pipes, to carry out maintenance, emergency source of power, reduced time, safety helmet, the schedule of the maintenance, level of automation, attended engine room, safety shoes with laces and heels, UMS, fuel-oil supply pump, sufficient level, purifier, auxiliary engine;
in English: системы контроля, двигатель внутреннего сгорания, резервный насос, очиститель, машинное отделение с вахтенным обслуживанием, вспомогательный котел, уровень пресной воды, очистить забортную воду, проверять оборудование, аварийный слив, костюм для работы в МО, ошибки команды, слишком высокое давление, запрещать курение, измерительная трубка, датчик давления.
Exercise 5. Read and translate the following text. Make sure that new terms are written down to your vocabulary for this lesson.
Basic Safety Precautions for Working Onboard Machinery Spaces All oil contaminated rags and other material shall be placed in metal containers and disposed ashore when required (no dumping). All pipe or pump leakages shall be repaired as soon as possible to limit the amount of bilge water that is in need of separation and eventually discharge overboard. The engine room shall be kept tidy to allow hot work when required. No storage of flammable material is permitted. The personal protective equipment (PPE) shall be prepared in place. Special attention shall be paid to the following in the engine room:• floor plates and ladders shall be free form oil or grease and be properly fixed to avoid tripping;• exhaust manifolds on engines shall be properly insulated and protected by metal;• exhaust manifolds and pipes through the entire casing shall be free from leakages;• when engine room is unmanned external entrances to the engine room shall be locked except designated entrances;
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• steam pipes and other hot surfaces shall be properly lagged;• insulation contaminated by oil or other flammable products shall be renewed;• no flammable material shall be left in buckets or open containers;• short sounding pipes and automatic closing arrangements shall never be left open;• bunker tank high level alarm shall be tested before each bunkering operation and at least monthly;• leakages of fuel and lube oil shall be contained as soon as possible;• thermometers and pressure gauges shall be tested and adjusted;• areas around fuel and lube oil heating and separating areas shall be kept free from any oil;• the operation of the bilge water separator shall be strictly supervised by the Chief Engineer;• if any part of the fire detection system is temporarily disengaged due to any repair, e.g. hot work in the area, this shall be clearly mentioned on the work permit;• All rotating parts shall be kept protected;• Smoking is not allowed in the engine room.
Exercise 6. Translate into Russian.
1. These parts should be replaced according to the schedule written by the 2nd Engineer.2. When any machinery breaks down, the repair is carried out only under the supervision of the 2nd Engineer.3. All oily contaminated materials should be disposed in special containers. 4. In very cold regions the engine room is cold rather than hold, it contains several fuel oil heaters.5. During machinery operations Chief Engineer provides written instructions for watchkeepers.
Exercise 7. Translate into English.
1.Моторист проверил температуру и уровень смазочного масла и охлаждающей воды и записал все параметры в журнал МО. 2.Вахтенный запускает и проверяет в работе масляные насосы, насосы охлаждения пресной и забортной воды, топливоподкачивающие насосы, так как это оборудование обеспечивает работу ГД.3.На данном судне в качестве главных и вспомогательных двигателей используются дизели, которые являются двигателями внутреннего сгорания.4. Вспомогательные механизмы обеспечивают работу подогревателей топлива и питательной воды (feed water) для котлов.5.Противопожарное оборудование, пожарная сигнализация, двигатели шлюпок работают на вспомогательных двигателей.
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БИБЛИОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ СПИСОК
1. Пивненко Б.А. Базовый учебник английского языка для инженеров-судомехаников./Б.А. Пивненко. - Одесса: Негоциант, 2007. – 352 с.
2. Шелкова Н. В. Снежко Н.А. Деловая переписка для судовых механиков. Business correspondence for ship engineers. Учебное судно./ Н.В. Шелкова, Н.А. Снежко. – Одесса: Негоциант, 2004. – 320 c.
3. Труханова Н.Л. English of marine electrical and power engineering for seamen. Английский язык для моряков судовой электроэнергетики./Н.Л. Труханова – Одесса, Феникс, 2003. – 245 c.
4. Англо-русский морской словарь, 1500 терминов./ под редакцией проф. Грибовского В.Ю. – СПб, издательский Дом «Литера», 2004. – 180 с.
5. Русско-английский разговорник для курсантов-судомехаников. Russian-English Phrase Book For Marine Engineer Cadets. Шерешевская А.Д. – СПб.,
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Приложение А. Basic Vocabulary
to be submitted to подвергаться, проходить (медосмотр)to violate нарушатьto be dismissed from/ signed off
быть списанным с судна, быть уволенным
fitter слесарьoiler квалифицированный моторист, смазчикwiper, utilityman моторист 2-го класса, подсобный рабочийpersonal survival techniques техника личного выживанияelementary first-aid первая помощьSTCW convention конвенция по стандартам подготовки, дипломированию моряков и несению вахтыreadings/soundings показания приборов/замеры (танков)strainer фильтр грубой очисткиwear износlube oil and grease машинное масло и смазочный материалladder treads and handrails ступени трапа и поручни (леера)pressure gauge манометр, датчик давленияburst разрывspillage утечкаworkshop ремонтная мастерскаяto throw/pump out выкачивать, откачиватьto muster собираться (на аварийный пост, на место сбора)seat of fire очаг пожараto break out вспыхиватьflap вентиль трубопровода; задвижка, затворblowback обратный удар пламени (проникающий в шланг)feed water питательная водаsounding pipe измерительная трубка (в цистерне)carelessness, negligence халатностьtransverse bulkhead поперечная переборкаadjacent примыкающийto rule out, to eliminate исключать, устранятьcontaminant загрязняющее вещество, примесьto carry/to haul/to ply перевозить, транспортироватьin bulk/loose насыпью, навалом или наливомschedule расписание, график, план, режимto submerge погружать(ся), затоплятьderelicts and wrecks фрагменты и обломки суднаperishable goods скоропортящиеся товары
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combustible/flammable легковоспламеняющиеся, опасныйaccessible (fire) доступный (огонь)fire hazard опасность возникновения пожараfire crowbar/hook пожарный лом/багорshovels лопатыfire axe пожарный топорfire nozzle пожарный гидрант или соплоfire bucket пожарное ведроboxes with sand/sawdust ящики с песком/опилкамиfire main пожарный трубопроводfoam extinguisher пенный огнетушительpowder extinguisher порошковый огнетушительextinguish extinction
тушить, гасить тушение огня
sprinkler распылитель, разбрызгивательresidual agents остаток, остаточный продуктexhaust manifold выпускной (выхлопной) коллекторto lag покрыть изоляциейintake air всасываемый воздухto pull into втягиватьexhaust blower вытяжной вентиляторto dispose of сброситьdumping аварийный сливpurifier очиститель, очистной аппаратstorage tank резервуар для хранения нефтепродуктаwaste incinerator устройство для сжигания мусораobstacle препятствиеramp аппарель, пандус, наклонный въезд или съезд
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Приложение В. Fire-Fighting and Drills Phrases
Reporting fire
Smoke/fire/explosion in engine room Дым/пожар/взрыв в МОWhat is on fire? Что горит?Fuel on fire. Горит топливо.No information. Информации нет.No, fire not under control. Нет, пожар еще не находится под
контролем.Pressure on fire mains Дать давление в пожарные магистралиFire mains under pressure Пожарные магистрали находятся под
давлением.Fuel stopped. Подача топлива прекращена.Hatch covers closed. Крышки люков закрыты.All openings closed. Все отверстия открыты.Ventilators switched off. Вентиляторы выключены.
Reporting readiness for action
Fire party/rescue team/first aid team standing by.
Пожарная партия/спасательная команда/команда по оказанию первой помощи готова.
CO2 station emergency generator standing by.
Углекислотная установка/аварийный генератор готов(а).
Orders for fire fighting
Start fire-fighting Начинайте тушить пожар!
Go through engine room / superstructure or accommodation
Идите через машинное отделение/ надстройку/ жилое помещение.
Go from port side/starboard side to manhole.
Идите с левого/ правого борта к горловине.
Have lifeline between each other/to outside.
Иметь страховочный конец между людьми/ выведенным наружу.
Maintain radio contact on VHF channel 15/17.
Поддерживать радиосвязь на канале 15/17 УКВ.
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Fire party must have protective clothing / smoke helmets.
Пожарная партия должна иметь защитную одежду/противодымовые шлемы.
Use water/foam/powder/CO2 gas/ sand/ blankets for the fire in the superstructure/ER.
Использовать воду/пену/порошок/ углекислотный газ/песок/кошму при пожаре в надстройке/МО.
Run out fire hoses. Разнести пожарные рукава.
Fire hoses are run out. Пожарные рукава разнесены.
Water on. Дать воду!
Water is on. Дали воду.
Water not on. Воду не дали.
Cool down bulkheads to engine room with water.
Охлаждать водой переборки машинного отделения.
Is fire extinguished? Пожар потушен?
Yes, fire extinguished. Да, пожар потушен.
No, fire not extinguished Нет, пожар не потушен.
Fire restricted. Пожар локализован.
Fire extinguishing systems/means remain on stand-by.
Системы/средства пожаротушения в состоянии готовности.
Rope-off fire area and report. Оградить леерами участок пожара и доложить!
Fire area roped-off. Участок пожара огражден леерами.
Fire alarm cancelled Отбой пожарной тревоги.
Fire protection - Checking status of equipment
Have fire patrols 2 times every watch. Обеспечьте пожарные обходы 2 раза в течение каждой вахты.
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Have fire patrols in all spaces/areas. Обеспечьте пожарные обходы во всех посещениях/на всех участках.
Everything in order? Все в порядке?
Yes, everything in order. Да, все в порядке.
No, following not in order: ... . Нет, следующее не порядке:
Check fire/smoke alarms and report. Проверить пожарную/дымовую сигнализацию и доложить!
Switch on/off fire/smoke alarms in cargo hold.
Включить/выключить пожарную/ дымовую сигнализацию в грузовом отсеке!
Fire alarms in cargo holds switched on. Пожарная сигнализация в грузовых отсеках включена.
Check portable extinguishers and report. Проверить переносные огнетушители и доложить!
Portable extinguisher(s) not accessible(yet).
К переносному огнетушителю невозможно подойти.
Portable extinguisher(s) on bridge missing.
Переносной огнетушитель на мостике отсутствует.
Replace missing portable extinguisher(s). Заменить отсутствующий огнетушитель.
Seal of extinguisher broken. Пломба огнетушителя сорвана.
Test certificate of portable extinguisher expired.
Срок действия сертификата переносного огнетушителя истек.
Check fire mains and report. Проверить магистрали и доложить!
Fire mains operational. Пожарные магистрали исправны.
Hydrant not operational yet. Гидранты еще в неисправном состоянии.
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Hoses to hydrants worn/cut. Рукава гидрантов изношены/порезаны
Replace missing hoses. Установить рукава на место отсутствующих.
Spanner to hydrant missing. Рукоятка клапана гидранта отсутствует.
Nozzle does not fit. Ствол не подходит.
Fire pump operational in 20 minutes. Пожарный насос будет исправен через 20 минут.
Water pipe leaking Пожарная магистраль имеет протечку.
Repair leaking water pipe Отремонтировать протекающую пожарную магистраль.
Water pipe blocked Пожарная магистраль засорена.
Free blocked water pipe Почистить засоренную магистраль.
Pressure in water pipe too low Давление в пожарной магистрали слишком низкое.
Increase pressure in water pipe Увеличить давление в пожарной магистрали.
Check fixed/sprinkler system. Проверить стационарную/ спринклерную систему пожаротушения.
Remote control not operational yet Дистанционное управление еще не исправлено.
Dampers operational Дымовые заслонки в рабочем состоянии.
Skylights/windows open/closed Световые люки/окна открыты / закрыты.
Check watertight door control and report Проверить привод водонепроницаемой двери и доложить!
Check electrical lighting and report Проверить исправность электрического освещения и доложить!
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Приложение С. Equipment and Machinery
главный двигатель main propulsion systemнасос забортной воды seawater pump
насос пресной воды fresh water pump
резервный насос охлаждения ГДemergency main engine cooling pump
насос циркуляционной смазки ГДmain engine lubricating oil pump
фильтр забортной воды ГДmain engine seawater filter
фильтр масла для ГДmain engine lubrication oil filter
топливоподкачивающий насос fuel-oil supply pump
глушитель пускового воздуха ГД main engine starting air damper
питательный насос feed water pump
утилизационный котел waste heat boiler
насос перекачки котловой воды boiler water transfer pump
подогреватель топлива fuel oil heater
баллон пускового топлива starting air bottle
цистерна грязного топлива и масла waste fuel and lube oil tank
Заказ № от Тираж экз.Изд-во СевНТУ
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