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all components of engines. a overall very good presentation with easy understandings.
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Engine Components
02/10/20132
Engine –for ref onlyEngine –for ref only
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� Cylinder Head
� Cylinder Block
� Camshaft
� Crankshaft
� Connecting Rod
� Piston
� Fuel Injection System
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� Fuel Injection System
� Lubrication System
� Cooling System
� Air Induction System
� Accessories
� Radiator
� Intercooler
� Turbocharger
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Air Induction System
� Air Filter- less pressure drop
� Intake Manifold- Tuning
� Turbocharger- high air density
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� Turbocharger- high air density
� Charge Air Cooler- maximum temperature drop
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Intake ManifoldIntake Manifold
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• The main parameters that influence the volumetric efficiency
of the engine with respect to the intake manifold are:
1. Plenum Volume
2. Primary Pipe Length
3. Primary Pipe Diameter
• The main parameters that influence the volumetric efficiency
of the engine with respect to the intake manifold are:
1. Plenum Volume
2. Primary Pipe Length
3. Primary Pipe Diameter
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3. Primary Pipe Diameter
4. Secondary Pipe Length
5. Secondary Pipe Diameter
6. Intake Valve Opening
7. Intake Valve Closing
3. Primary Pipe Diameter
4. Secondary Pipe Length
5. Secondary Pipe Diameter
6. Intake Valve Opening
7. Intake Valve Closing
Cylinder Block
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Cylinder Head
Cylinder head� Port
� Manifolds
� Cooling water jacket
� Valve mechanisms
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Piston
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Engine speed 3600 rpm, means 60 rps means 16.67 ms for 1 revolution
Stroke = 100 mm speed = 3600 rpmMean piston speed = 2 x 0.1 x 3600/60 = 12 m/s
Engine speed 3600 rpm, means 60 rps means 16.67 ms for 1 revolution
Stroke = 100 mm speed = 3600 rpmMean piston speed = 2 x 0.1 x 3600/60 = 12 m/s
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Articulated pistonArticulated piston Iron pistonIron piston
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Composite pistonComposite piston
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High Pressure Piston configurationHigh Pressure Piston configuration
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Squish and Tumble motionSquish and Tumble motion
BlowbyBlowby
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Camshaft & Crankshaft
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Camshaft
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Engine Cooling System
Cooling System Energy TransferCooling System Energy TransferCooling System Energy TransferCooling System Energy Transfer
Engine CoolantsEngine CoolantsEngine CoolantsEngine Coolants
� Requirements
–wide temperature range of liquid phase
–non-corrosive
–chemical stability
• Coolants• Coolants� 50 / 50 mixture by volume water and
� ethylene glycol
•propylene glycol
–Limited use of 100 percent propylene glycol
General Coolant CircuitGeneral Coolant CircuitGeneral Coolant CircuitGeneral Coolant Circuit
Cooling CircuitCooling CircuitCooling CircuitCooling Circuit---- Series Series Series Series FlowFlowFlowFlow
�Simple, efficient cooling
jackets
�Minimal external
plumbing, especially in
front engine / rear drive front engine / rear drive
installations
�Difficult to achieve inter-
bore cooling
�Adequate balance can
be achieved with gasket
drillings
Cooling Circuit Cooling Circuit Cooling Circuit Cooling Circuit –––– Parallel FlowParallel FlowParallel FlowParallel Flow
�Longer warm-up
�Control over block
and head proportions
�Minimal external �Minimal external
plumbing in
transverse
installations
�Reduced pressure
drop
�Reduced coolant
temperature to head
Cooling Circuit Cooling Circuit Cooling Circuit Cooling Circuit –––– Cross FlowCross FlowCross FlowCross Flow
�Excellent
cylinder balance
�Complex jackets
–limited to larger
enginesengines
�Inlet and outlet
can be at either
end of engine
�Increased cost
�Increased
warm-up time
CFD of Cooling SystemCFD of Cooling SystemCFD of Cooling SystemCFD of Cooling System
CFD is used to evaluate
o Energy losse
o Flow distributions and coolant velocity at critical locations (e.g. injector, valve bridges, etc.
o Provide boundary conditions for structural analysis
Typical components
Cylinder heads and blocko Cylinder heads and block
o Oil coolers, thermostat housings, water pumps, etc.
System level modeling done with 1-D code, e.g. FLOWMASTER
CFD Approach for Liner DesignCFD Approach for Liner DesignCFD Approach for Liner DesignCFD Approach for Liner Design
Cooling Water Jacket Cooling Water Jacket Cooling Water Jacket Cooling Water Jacket OpimizationOpimizationOpimizationOpimization
•Components typically modeled using CFD
•Unknown boundary conditions imply iteration between CFD and 1-D code
•Bigger models are being built, combining components for improved b.c.’s
•Need to account for boiling
Lubrication System
Functional RequirementsFunctional RequirementsFunctional RequirementsFunctional Requirements
� Minimize friction
� Minimize wear
� Aid in sealing
� Aid in cooling� Aid in cooling
� Protect against corrosion
� Removal of debris
–deposits
–metal particles
Lube Oil Circuit OverviewLube Oil Circuit OverviewLube Oil Circuit OverviewLube Oil Circuit Overview
Lube Oil Circuit OverviewLube Oil Circuit OverviewLube Oil Circuit OverviewLube Oil Circuit Overview
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Components of Lube oil CircuitComponents of Lube oil CircuitComponents of Lube oil CircuitComponents of Lube oil Circuit
� Major components of the system
–Oil Pumps
–Oil Filters
–Oil Pans
–Oil Coolers–Oil Coolers
–Gaskets (cost reduction story)
Thank You !
