English Academic Writing/

Chapter 1 IntroductionChapter 2 Researching the TopicChapter 3 Data Collection and EvaluationChapter 4 Writing StyleChapter 5 Paper WritingChapter 6 AbstractChapter 7 International ConferenceChapter 8 Letters for Different Academic Purposes

Chapter 1 Introduction1.1 Definition of Academic Writing

--- to summarize or synthesize information and ideas gathered from research--- to explain, compare and contrast, evaluate, or analyze concepts, events, and phenomenon--- to argue for or against a position in an ongoing debate

1.2 Characteristics of Good Academic WritingFor all writings:--- Unity: a harmonious whole--- Coherence: well connected, logical relations--- Emphasis: stress to important ideas--- Development: elaboration and expansion--- Clarity: precise, concise, lucid

For Academic Writing:--- It is based on extensive research of proved facts and authoritative testimony. first-hand experiments field research library research--- The authors voice tends to be objective and neutral. unemotional--- The style tends to be formal. academic periodicals, accurate information

--- Appropriate diction. colloquialisms and slang expressions be avoided, technical terms, abbreviation--- Syntactical level. long complex sentence, simple-present tense, passive voice, non-finite verbs (participles, infinitives, gerunds)--- Neat appearance and format.

1.3 Differences between the papers published inside and outside China1.3.1 Papers published in ChinaChinese and English titles,Chinese and English abstract,Chinese and English keywords,The body,References,Appendix,Information about the author

1.3.2 Papers published outside ChinaTitle,Abstract,Introduction,The body,Conclusions and recommendations,Acknowledgement,References,Appendix

1.4 Procedures of Academic WritingStep 1: Choice of Topic Choose a general topic Write a rough proposal Limit the topic to a plausible oneStep 2: Collection and Evaluation of Data Collect books, journals and research articles Evaluate data collected Photocopy data Prepare note and bibliography cards

Step 3: Development of Outline Decide on organization of paper Arrange notes by subheadings Develop paper outlineStep 4: Writing Study and follow outline for first draft Make adjustments as neededStep 5: Revision, Editing and References Revise content and organization Adjust style and tone

Correct diction, spelling, grammar, punctuation as necessary Document all the sources quotedStep 6: Preparation of Abstract Observe abstract word limit Ensure accuracy, brevity and clarityStep 7: Preparation of Final Details Assemble all parts Make final revision Prepare References section Write acknowledgements

Chapter 2 Researching the Topic2.1 Principles of Title Selection--- Value Principle--- Scientific Principle--- Innovative Principle--- Feasibility Principle2.2 Methods for Choosing a Title--- Consult your professor or an expert---Participate in academic conferences and academic lectures

--- Select from puzzling problems--- Read books and newspapers--- Choose from your own interests--- Literature review2.3 Ways to Narrow Down TitlesExample:LiteratureLiterary CriticismLiterary Criticism at CambridgeThe Tradition and Development of Literary Criticism at Cambridge

Exercise:Humanities2.4 Formats for TitleExamples:1) OSCILLATIONS IN GRANULAR DYNAMICS2) Structural Analyses Based on a Point Charge Model3) Fast atom bombardment mass spectra of nebramycin within 15 words4) Coronary Artery Disease: Diet and patient Health

2.5 Tables and Figures2.5.1 Tables--- A table should be self-contained.--- A table is usually placed in a position near its relevant description.--- Provide each table with a number (eg: Table1, Table2, etc.) and a title.--- The title should be clear, concise, complete and accurate.--- Sometimes a note is added at the bottom of the table.

Example: Table 2-6 Correlation between variables

*Note: ..

1234567Gender....Age......Urgency....Sensation....Commissions....PI index...

2.5.2 Figures2.5.2.1 Graphs --- can be used to compare two variables2.5.2.2 Drawings and Photographs--- to illustrate organisms, experimental apparatus, models of structures, etc.2.5.2.3 Types of figuresLine chartsBar charts3) Pie charts

2.6 Cause and Effect2.6.1 Cause-Effect ParagraphDevelopment Pattern: Effect 1Cause Effect 2 Effect 3

2.6.2 Effect-Cause Paragraph

Development Pattern:

Cause 1Effect Cause 2 Cause 3

Exercise1: Analyze the structure of this paragraph and try to determine the effect and its causes. Then find the linking words in the paragraph. The role of women in todays society is changing. One reason is that women have begun to assert themselves as independent people through the womens movement. Also, women are aware of the alternatives to staying at home. Another reason is that increasing numbers of women who enter new fields and interests serve as role models for other women. Moreover, men are becoming more conscious of the abilities of women and have begun to view their independence positively.

Exercise 2: Combine the following two sentences expressing the cause-and-effect relationship.He escaped from his orphanage. He was distressed by the brutal conditions there.2) He had a rough life in Moscow. He had no family to turn to.3) He was not easily to be captured. He had learned not to trust adults.

Chapter 3 Data Collection and Evaluation3.1 Principles of Data Collection and selection3.1.1 Centered around the theme3.1.2 True and verifiable)3.1.3 Typical3.1.4 Novel

3.2 Developing an Outline3.2.1 Two Main Components for Effective Outlines3.2.1.1 ParallelismExample:Choose Desired CollegesPrepare ApplicationCompile Resume 3.2.1.2 Subordination

Example:Describe an influential person in your life A. Favorite high school teacher B. Grandparent

3.3 Types of Outlines3.3.1 Alphanumeric Outlines-- Roman Numerals -- Capitalized Letters -- Arabic Numerals -- Small Letters -- Arabic Numerals within Brackets -- Small Letters within Brackets

Example: The College Application ProcessI. Choose Desired Colleges A. Visit and evaluate college campuses B. Visit and evaluate college websites 1. look for interesting classes 2. Note important statistics a. Student/faculty ratio b. Retention rateII. Prepare Application A. Write Personal Statement 1. Choose interesting topic

a. Describe an influential person in your life (1) Favorite high school teacher (2) Grandparent 2. Include important personal details a. Volunteer work b. Participation in varsity sports B. Revise personal statementIII. Compile resume A. List relevant coursework B. List work experience C. list volunteer experience 1. tutor at foreign language summer camp 2. counselor for suicide prevention hotline

3.3.2 Full Sentence OutlinesExample:I. Man-made pollution is the primary cause of global warming. A. Greenhouse gas emissions are widely identified as harmful by the scientific community. 1. The burning of coal and fossil fuels are the primary releasers of hazardous greenhouse gases.

3.3.3 Decimal OutlinesExample:Choose Desired College 1.1 Visit and evaluate college campuses 1.2 Visit and evaluate college websites 1.2.1 Look for interesting classes 1.2.2 Note important statistics

Exercise:Suppose you have chosen a topic and found enough data to write your paper, now write an outline for your paper.

3.4 Comparison and ContrastTwo Ways for Organizing Comparison and Contrast-- Subject-by-subject-- Point-by-point

Example:Subjects Points of C&C1. Prof. Simmons a. classroom instruction b. homework c. exam d. grading2. Prof. Wu a. classroom instruction b. homework c. exam d. grading

Points of C&C Subjectsa. classroom instruction 1. Prof. Simmons 2. Prof. Wub. homework 1. Prof. Simmons 2. Prof. Wuc. exam 1. Prof. Simmons 2. Prof. Wud. grading 1. Prof. Simmons 2. Prof. Wu

Exercise:- Pros and cons of globalization- Positive and negative aspects of living in a large city

Chapter 4 Writing Style4.1 Citation4.1.1 In-Text Citation4.1.1.1 One authorEnzymes are inhibited by cyanide (Grubb, 1977). Because enzymes are inhibited by cyanide (Grubb 1977), I expect to find(2) Grubb (1977) found that cyanide inhibits enzymes. Because Grubb (1977) found that cyanide inhibits enzymes

(3) As early as 1977, Grubb observed the inhibitory effect of cyanide on enzyme action.4.1.1.2 More than one study (1) Cyanide has been found to inhibit enzyme action (Grubb, 1977; Smith, 1980; Taylor, 1983)4.1.1.3 More than three authors (1) Cyanide has been found to inhibit enzyme action ( Grubb et al., 1985).4.4.1.4 Some journals just cite the sequence of the references in the text in order to save space.

(1) Vibration is used to prepare uniform granular mixtures or to segregate granular composites [3,7,12,16,19]. Alongside mixing and segregation of granular materials4.2 References4.2.1 APA (American Psychological Association) style: social sciences Print Sources:--- Book by one author: #Sheril, R.D.(1956). The terrifying future: contemplating color television. San Diego: Halstead.

--- Book by two authors or more: #Rubin, J., & Thompson, I. (1994). How to be a more successful language teacher. 2nd ed. Boston: Heinle & Heinle.--- Article in a journal: #Crackton, P. (1987). The Loonie: Gods long-awaited gift to colorful pocket change? Canadian Change, 64(7), 34-37.

Electronic sources:--- Article in an online journal: #Blofeld, E.S. (1994, March1). Expressing oneself through Persian cats and modern architecture. Felines & Felons, 4, Article 0046g. Retrieved October 3, 1999, from http://journals.f+f.org/spectre/vblofeld-0046g.html

--- Book on CD: #Nix, G.(2002). Lirael, Daughter of the Clayr CD. New York: Random House/Listening library.

--- Movie: #Gilby, A. (Producer), & Schlesinger, J. (Director). (1995). Cold comfort farm Motion picture. Universal city, CA: MCA Universal Home Video.

4.2.2 MLA (Modern Language Association) style: liberal arts and humanities

Print Sources:--- Book by one author:#Bambrough, Renford. The Philosophy of Aristotle. New York: The New American Library, 1963.

--- Book by two or three authors:#Atwan, Robert, donald Mcquade, and John Wright. Edsels, Luckies, and Frifidaires: Advertising the American Way. New York: Dell, 1979. --- Book by four or more authors:#Belenky, Mary Field, et al. Womens Ways of Knowing: the Development of Self, Voice, and Mind. New York: Basic, 1986.--- Article in a journal:#Maguire, James H. The Canon and the Diminished Thing. American Literature 60 (1988): 645-52.

Electronic sources:--- Article in an online journal:#Rogers, Michael. The Practical Futurist: The Secret of Online Romance. Newsweek Newsweek Web Exclusive (October, 2002). 28 Dec., 2002http://nl. Newsbank. Com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_action=list&p_topdoc=11

---CD-ROM:#Communion. The Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. CD-ROM. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1992.

4.2.3 ACS (American Chemical Society) style; CBE (Council of Biology Editors) style, etc: natural sciencesACS style:--- Book:#Anastas, P.T.; Warner, J.C. Green Chemistry: Theory and practice; Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1998.--- Online Journal:#Borman, S. Sucrose Synthesis Sets A Record. Chem. Eng. News Online1990, 78,52.

However, not all journals are in strict compliance with the style guides. Eg: Nature, Science#British journal Nature:1.Nagy, L. & Schwabe, J.W. Mechanism of the nuclear receptor molecular switch. Trends Biochem. Sci. 29, 317324(2004).2.Sonoda, J., Pei, L. & Evans, R.M. Nuclear receptors: decoding metabolic disease. FEBS lett. 582, 29 (2008).3.Raghuram, S. et al. Identification of heme as the ligand for the orphan nuclear receptors REV-ERBa and REV-ERBb. Nature Struct. Mol. Biol. 14, 1207 1213(2007).4.Yin, L. et al. Rev-erba, a heme sensor that coordinates metabolic and circadian pathways. Science 318, 1786 1789(2007).

4.2.4 ---#.M. : ,2001#.M. :,1995---:#.J.,2000(5): 67-74---:#.:N.,1999/11/23(3)

Exercise: Document the following sources in the APA style using the information below.1.In 1982 an article called Hearers and Speech Acts was written for volume 58 of the journal named language. It was on pages 332-373 and the authors were Herbert H. Clark and Thomas H. Carlson.2.Rachel Carson wrote a book called Silent Spring in 1962. it was published in Boston by Houghton Mifflin.

4.3 Language Style:Features:-Formal-Objective-Concise-Varied4.3.1 Formality---Avoid slang and too casual language: eg. Cool, pretty awful.---Use full forms of words rather than abbreviations, eg. does not, should have, it is rather than doesnt, shouldve, its.

---Use single verbs rather than phrasal verbs, eg. investigate rather than look into.---Use powerful reporting words: eg. Support, claim, suggest, recommend, etc.---Use complex rather than simple sentences, and long rather than short paragraphs.

Exercise: Rewrite the following sentences in more formal academic English:1.You can understand something better if it is repeated.2.Crime was increasing rapidly and the police were becoming concerned.3.Did you know that spoken and written language are very different?

4.3.2 Objectivity---Use impersonal expressions and the passive voice, eg: It can be concluded that, It has been claimed that---Use third person pronouns, avoid the first person I, we or second person you.---Avoid words that have emotional or attitudinal connotations.

Exercise: Rewrite the following sentences in more objective, academic English.1.I think that all guns should be banned.2.I observed 43 students of a third-grade class at Barksdale School for two weeks.3.The doctor prepared his necessary surgical equipment.

4.3.3 Conciseness---Be precise and specific.---Reduce unnecessary words.

Wordy (Redundant)Concisein recent yearsrecentlywith a high degree of certaintycertainat this moment in timeCurrently, nowfew in numberfew

4.3.4 Variety---Use a variety of words and sentence structures.Exercise: Correct the following sentences to make them more academic.1.The university is asking for more money.2.Is it really true that the Great Wall of China is visible from space?3.Some commentators say that students lack creativity. They also lack imagination.4.According to Wong(2003, p.41), he says that the information is inaccurate.

Exercise: Change the following spoken text into a written text. Spoken text Nowadays companies are finding that they have to change the way they do things and theyre finding that human resources planning is really helpful when they have to do this. One reason why its helpful is because it can help the companies work out what the issues are and then, when youve done that, it can help you make up your mind what youre going to do about it. Basically, human resource planning is what you do when youre going through

Written text As companies experience the need for change, they often apply human resource planning to define the relevant issues and develop responses to them. Broadly defined, human resource planning is the process of analyzing an organizations human resources needs under changing conditions and developing the activities necessary to satisfy those needs.

Chapter 5 Paper Writing-Introduction-Methods-Results and Discussion-Conclusions and Recommendations-Acknowledgement

5.1 Introduction--- a description of the nature of the problem and current state of knowledge or understanding at the beginning of the investigation (background);--- a statement of the purpose and scope;--- hypothesis and prediction.--- the past or present tense, never the future tenseEg:#This study investigates the relationship between tree density and fruit size.#The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of

5.2 Research Methods5.2.1--- qualitative: in liberal arts and social sciences observation, sound recordings, questionnaires, interviews, etc.--- quantitative: in science pre-experimental research, experimental research.--- descriptive: in liberal arts and social sciences between the qualitative and quantitative research methods. case study, group study, survey, development research, etc.

5.2.2contains:---research methods and their reasons---subjects and sample selection---instruments ---data collection methods and analysis methodsfunction: to describe all experimental procedures, including controls.

Notice:---Experimental procedures and results are narrated in the past tense; conclusions from results are given in the present tense.---Experimental papers should address the materials, laboratory equipments, experimental processes.

5.3 Results and Discussion5.3.1 Results---The function is to summarize general trends in the data without comment, bias, or interpretation;---Data may be presented in figures and tables, but this may not substitute for a verbal summary of the findings.5.3.2 DiscussionContain:---the relationship between the results and the original hypothesis, i.e., whether they support the hypothesis;

---an integration of your results with those of the previous studies in order to arrive at explanations for the observed phenomena;---possible explanations for unexpected results and observations;---end the discussion with a summary of the principle points you want the reader to remember.

5.4 Conclusions and Recommendations---The conclusion is a highly condensed summary of the paper, not a simple list of the research results, but rather reasonable inferences. It tests the authors comprehensive ability, theoretical skills and logical thinking ability.---Recommendations often discuss the subject of further study, research programs, future prospects and directions.---Conclusions are useful insights drawn from the study; recommendations are further research projects based on the study.

Eg:In conclusion, the result shows thatTo sum up, we have revealed thatFinally, a summary is given ofIn this paper, we have described/discussed/found that

5.5 Acknowledgement---an optional item in the paper---If the author has received help from someone else in the course of the study, he/she should acknowledge this.---should be short and sincere. Usually only a short sentence, but there are also very long acknowledgements.---often located after the conclusion.--- necessary to list the project number if it is funded by a foundation or institution.

Eg:We thank forWe are grateful to forSpecial thanks are due toWe appreciate the support and efforts ofThis study was partly funded byThis work was financially supported by grants from

Exercise:Suppose your research is supported by NSF of Jiangsu Province and the project number is BK205062. Write an acknowledgement to acknowledge their support.

Chapter 6 Abstract6.1 Definition a highly condensed version of a longer piece of writing that highlights the major points covered, concisely describes the content and scope of the writing, and reviews the writings contents in abbreviated form.6.2 Features---avoid repetition;---usually are limited to one paragraph of no more than 250 words;---can stand alone;

---use the third person;---use the passive voice;---are highly signposted.

6.3 Contents---indicates the purpose of the paper;---states the method used;---states main findings or results;---gives conclusions based on the findings;---provides implications of the findings.

Chapter 7 International Conference7.1 Useful ExpressionsSecretariat Organizing committee Paper committee Logistics committee Accompanying persons committeeGeneral chair Session chair Convener Moderator

Meeting minutes Plenary session Keynote session Panel session Parallel session Research-in-progress session Question and answer session (Q&A)Oral presentation Poster presentation Prize address First-come, first-served Panelist

7.2 Session Modes1) Keynote sessions2) Oral sessions3) Poster sessions4) Research-in- Progress sessions5) Discussion/Question & answer sessions

7.3 Letter WritingHeadingInside addressSalutationBodyComplimentary close6) Signature

English Department Beijing foreign Studies University Beijing 100081, China Sept.18, 2010

EditorNewsweek International444 Madison AvenueNew York, NY 10022U.S.A.

Dear Editor, xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.

Sincerely, (Signature) (Typed name)

Sample 1: Inquiry About General Information I am a Ph. D candidate in the Mathematics Department of Nanjing University, P. R. China. I have read the Proceedings of the 2002 Conference on Reasoning About Knowledge and those of the previous meetings. Since the conference is held biennially, I assume the next one will be held in 2008. I am therefore writing for general information about the forthcoming Conference, such as the date and venue, the topics, the keynote speakers and other details. I would be very much obliged if you could include me in your mailing list for the 2008 conference and for any further information pertinent to each of the forthcoming conferences. An early reply is greatly appreciated.

Sample 2: Applying for Travel Support Thanks you for your letter dated Feb. 10, 2009. Im writing to you about the application for my travel support. I have discussed the problem of the financial fund for my attendance of the meeting with the director of our Institute. However, he told me that the Institute would cover only US $800 which is estimated to be only enough for the Conference fee and the accommodations. I therefore write to you to ask the possibility of my travel support to and from Denver. Your kind consideration of this matter will be much appreciated. I look forward to hearing your favorable reply.

Sample 3: Cover Letter for Submitting a Paper Enclosed herewith is the full text of the paper titled The Rise of Primitive Taoism and Social Order in the Han Dynasty by Li Tian, et al. We hope it can be accepted by the Conference and presented as an oral presentation. Please contact me at my address and numbers given below for all correspondence relating to this submission, for Im serving as the corresponding author, though Im not the first author and the presenting author of this paper. Thank you.

Exercise 1:Write a letter to an international organization to apply for possible financial assistance for your attendance of a meeting.

Exercise 2:Write a letter to submit your paper to a world congress and say something about your presentation preference.

Chapter 8 Letters for Different Academic Purposes8.1 Letters for Publishing Papers in English Journals8.1.1 Some related words and expressionsGuide to authors Scope of interest Editor-in-chief Line editor Prereviewer Peer-review Acknowledgement of receipt

Use anonymous reviewer On-line Status Inquiry Not considered elsewhere Guest editor Special issue Reviewers/referees report/statement/evaluation/criticism/suggestion/opinion Quarterly Weekly Monthly Bimonthly Annual/year book

8.1.2 Some example lettersSample 1: A common cover letter I enclose two copies of my paper entitled Model-Based Automatic Programming for Plant Control. I should like to have it published in your journal. Thank you for your consideration.

Sample 2: Cover letter claiming no other editorial consideration Enclosed are two complete copies of a manuscript by Liu Hengfei and Lin Yingjie titled which is being submitted for possible publication in Journal of X. This manuscript is new, is not being considered elsewhere, and reports new findings that extend results we reported earlier in published in Journal of X. Correspondence regarding this manuscript should be sent to me at the address of Nanjing University shown in the above letterhead where I am now studying in a Ph. D. program (not the address shown on the manuscript, from which laboratory I have recently moved).

Sample 3: Acknowledgement of receipt We acknowledge the receipt of your paper entitled Modeling Rational Players by Wang Hui and zhu Guangqiang. The paper is undergoing the refereeing process now. I will send you the referees statements as soon as I hear from them. Thank you for your consideration.

Sample 4: Authors letter about modifications made according to the reviewers comments Enclosed are two copies of the revised manuscript of the above-referenced paper. All of the reviewers comments are responded point by point in the revised manuscript. The major modifications include: A B C An American visiting scholar at our University helped us a lot in revising this manuscript. He assisted in correcting many grammatical mistakes. I hope these modifications will make the manuscript qualified to be published in the journal. Thank you very much for your time and effort that goes into the publication of this paper.

Sample 5: Acceptance letter with requirements of the style I am glad to inform you that your manuscript has been accepted for publication in our Quarterly. Please note that the publisher now requires a manuscript which conforms strictly to the requirements set out in the accompanying style sheet. Failure to comply with this may mean youre your paper will be returned for further correction. With best regards, XXX

Exercises:Prepare a cover letter to submit a paper supposed to be contributed to an English journal.2. Write a letter about the revisions you made to a manuscript according to the reviewers comments and editors suggestions.

8.2 letters for academic visits and cooperation8.2.1 Some related expressions:Visiting scholar Visiting professor Teaching assistant (TA) Researching assistant (RA) Administrative assistant (AA) China Scholarship Council (CSC) Confidential reference Language certificate Certified translation Publication dating from the past two years

8.2.2 Sample lettersSample 1: Asking for a visiting researchers position in a laboratory

I am writing to you to explore the possibility of spending one to two years working in your laboratory. I enclose a copy of my Curriculum Vita, which contains information on my educational and research experience. As you can see from my CV, I have quite a bit of work experience in your research area. I am confident of my ability to make a contribution to your ongoing research projects. My institute has granted me an extended leave of absence, which enables me to obtain research experience abroad. My trip to the U. S. will be financed partially by the Chinese government, which will grant me travel expenses

and a small monthly stipend (approximately $900 a month), for living expenses during the first year. Funds in addition to that amount, if needed, will have to come from other sources. Also, if I am to stay for a second year, the support will have to come from elsewhere. Professor Zhang Ruide, Director of my institute, and Professor Cheng Lin, the supervisor of my doctoral program, have agreed to write references for me. They may have written to you already. If not, please feel free to contact them. I look forward to hearing from you soon.

Sample 2: An invitation for a visiting scholar The Harvard University Center for Jewish Studies invites you as a visiting scholar foe the 2002-2003 academic year. We are offering you $30,000 towards pursuing your research and study. As a visiting scholar of the Center for Jewish Studies you will enjoy access to Harvard Universitys rich resources and, most importantly, receive full library privileges. The Center will also be able to offer you shared office space and a place in our cultural community. We are very pleased to have you join the Center and participate in all our activities. Please let us know the dates of your intended stay, so that we can prepare your appointment form. We look forward to being able to welcome you to Harvard University.

Sample 3: Applying for Admission to the Ph. D. Program

Dear Sir/Madam: I am writing to apply for admission to the Ph. D. Program in plant psychology at the University of California, Berkeley. I am a teacher of botany at Nanjing University in China and have been selected by the University and by the National Ministry of Education to go to the United States for advanced study. I have selected the University of California because of its excellent reputation in my area of specialization. I graduated from Nanjing University in 1996. After two years of graduate study and research in the Department of Applied Botany at Zhejiang University, I began to teach in the Botany Department at Nanjing University. I have taught introductory botany classes as well as advanced

courses in plant development. I have continued to do research in the psychology of plant, particularly tomatoes, and have published several articles in Chinese botany journals. I am currently studying English for one term at the Shanghai Foreign Studies. In order to improve my English to the level necessary to do graduate school work in the United States, I am enrolled in a special intensive program for students preparing to study abroad. I have enclosed the application materials which I received from the Admissions Office. Please let me know if there is any further information you would like. If possible, could you inform me of your decision on my application by April 1 so I can begin to make the necessary arrangements. Thank you very much for your consideration. Sincerely,

Exercise:1.Write a letter to apply for a visiting scholars appointment.2. Write a letter to apply for Ph. D. study.

8.3.1 A Resume (for the business and non-profit sectors, running one page for recent graduates and two pages for more experienced people)

Wang Xuefei Department of History, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093, P. R. China Tel: 86-25-3680000 Fax: 86-25-3590000 Email: Wang001@yahoo.comPerson DataSex: Male

Date of Birth: May 8, 1978Place of Birth: Suzhou, Jiangsu ProvinceNationality: ChineseMarital Status: UnmarriedHealth: Excellent

Education2001-present Doctoral student Nanjing University Department of History Expected date of completion: 2004

1998-2001 Beijing Normal University Department of Political Education MA awarded by the University in 20011994-1998 Suzhou University Department of Foreign languages and Literature BA awarded by the University in 1998Honors2002 Recipient, Guanghua Scholarship, Nanjing University

1999 Winner, Outstanding Postgraduate Award, Beijing Normal University

SkillsProficiency in EnglishMicrosoft word and Power Point

Interests and ActivitiesSports, music1994-1998 Member of Suzhou University Track and Field Team

2001-present Member of the Traditional Instruments Orchestra of Nanjing University

References Professor Zhang HongbaoDepartment of HistoryNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093P.R. ChinaTel/Fax: 86-25-359000Email: zhhb@nju.edu.cn

Dr. Qian PingDepartment of Political EducationBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 10000P.R. ChinaTel: 86-10-87684552Email: Pq23@yahoo.com.cn

Ms. Sun TingtingDepartment of Foreign Languages and LiteratureSuzhou University

Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215001P. R. ChinaTel: 86-510-76652343Email: Tingts@hotmail.com

8.3.2 A Curriculum Vita (for the academic environment and the research and development environment on the doctoral level and above, highlighting research, teaching and administrative experience) WANG DongOffice HomeDepartment of X Number and StreetY University City, province and PostcodeCity, Province and Postcode P.R. ChinaP.R. China Tel:Tel: Fax:Fax:Email:

OBJECTIVEVisiting professor, giving lectures on Chinese culture and language

EducationPh. D, Chinese Literature, C University, 1995 Doctoral Dissertation: XYZMA, Linguistics, B University, 1985 MA Thesis: ABCBA, Chinese Language and Literature, A College, 1982

Teaching ExperienceSept. 1995 to present: C University, Department of S. Since the appointment as associate professor in 1997 and full professor in 2002, have served as vice chair of the Department and have taught two or more courses each semester at both undergraduate and graduate levels, including X, Y, Z other duties include giving lectures on some specific topics to the department faculty and students once or twice per semester and directing MA theses and Ph. D. dissertations.

Sept. 1992 to July 1995: C University, Department

of S. Co-taught the course X with Prof. U while studying in the doctoral program.

Sept. 1985 to July 1992: B University, S Department. Teaching assistant and lecturer, teaching one or two courses per semester for the certificate classes and the undergraduates. The courses included X and Y.

PublicationsBooks:..

Papers:Translations:.(Complete list of publications available upon request)

Presentations, paper delivered at X Conference, March 2003.2. , poster presented at Y Symposium, August 1999.

3. Supervisor of the Key project YZ funded by the ..(2000).

Professional memberships1. Vice President of the X Society.2. Secretary-General of Y Association.3. Council member of Z Federation.

Exercise:Write a resume and a CV for future use.