EN BANC

[G.R. No. 92163. June 5, 1990.]

IN THE MATTER OF THE PETITION FOR HABEAS CORPUS.

JUAN PONCE ENRILE, petitioner ,  vs. JUDGE JAIME SALAZAR

(Presiding Judge ! "#e Regin$% Tri$% Cur" ! &ue'n Ci" )Br.

*+,- SENIOR STATE PROSECUTOR AURELIO TRAMPE

PROSECUTOR FERDINAND R. ABESAMIS AND CIT/

ASSISTANT CIT/ PROSECUTOR EULOGIO MANAN&UIL

NATIONAL BUREAU OF IN0ESTIGATION DIRECTOR

ALFREDO LIM BRIG. GEN. EDGAR DULA TORRES

(Su1erin"enden" ! "#e Nr"#ern P%i2e Dis"ri2"3 AND4OR AN/ AND

ALL PERSONS 5HO MA/ HA0E ACTUAL CUSTOD/ O0ER

THE PERSON OF JUAN PONCE ENRILE, respondents.

[G.R. No. 92164. June 5, 1990.]

SPS. REBECCO E. PANLILIO AND ERLINDA E. PANLILIO,

 petitioners, vs. PROSECUTORS FERNANDO DE LEON AURELIO

C. TRAMPE FERDINAND R. ABESAMIS AND EULOGIO C.

MANAN&UIL $nd HON. JAIME 5. SALAZAR JR. in #is

2$1$2i" $s Presiding Judge Regin$% Tri$% Cur" &ue'n Ci"

Br$n2# *+,, respondents.

S/LLABUS

1.CRIMINAL LAW; REBELLION; OC!RINE EN"NCIA!E IN #ERNANE$CA%E &99 '#IL. 515 [1956]( %!ILL BINING. ) Hernandez  *e+-n /-n-n o*-ne

oe*-n o *o-/- e o+e7-n o8 *e/e-on - n: oe* o88ene o++-e on

e o-on e*eo8, e-e* +en nee*: o - o++--on o* n un-nene

e88e o8 n --: on-ue *e/e-on.

2.REMEIAL LAW; CRIMINAL 'ROCE"RE; IN<ORMA!ION; OBJEC!IONAL

'#RA%ING !#A! WO"L COM'LE= REBELLION WI!# M"RER AN

M"L!I'LE M"RER, A MERE <LIG#! O< R#E!ORIC; CA%E A! BAR. ) !e

Cou* *ue 8u*e* &/: oe o8 11 o 3( e -n8o*+-on 8-e -n e e--one*

oe -n 8 *e n o88ene. -*e*-n e o/>e-on/e *-n ou

o+e7 *e/e-on - +u*e* n +u-e 8*u*e +u*e*, -n-+en - o /e

 

*e *-n  simple rebellion. !e -n o8 e--one*? oune e - *e

- *-+e oe no e7- -n e ue /oo@, -e en-: o**e o 8* e

Cou* *ue *e/e-on +: no /e o+e7e - oe* o88ene o++-e on

e o-on e*eo8, +u e*e8o*e /e -+-e +e*e 8- o8 *eo*-. Re -n e

one7 o8  Hernandez,  e -n8o*+-on oe -nee *e e e--one* - *-+e

e8-ne n un-e /: e Re-e 'en Coe -+e *e/e-on.

3.I.; I.; IN<ORMA!ION MA BE <ILE C#ARGING AN O<<EN%EI<<EREN! <ROM !#A! ALLEGE IN !#E COM'LAIN!. ) !e *eo* o

oe*-e, o+-n -n e--one* 8o* -+e *e/e-on 8-e /: e

-*eo* o8 e N-on Bu*eu o8 Ine--on, n on e *en o8 -

o+-n *e-+-n*: -ne--on onue /: e *eonen *oeuo*,

u+-n-n -n e 8--n o8 e ue-one -n8o*+-on. !e*e - no-n -ne*en:

-**eu* o* on**: o -n 8--n -n *eonen n -n-+en 8o* n o88ene-88e*en 8*o+ - *e -n e -n--o*: o+-n, -8 **ne /: e e-ene

eeoe u*-n e *e-+-n*: -ne--on.

4.I.; I.; WARRAN!; RED"IREMEN! IN 'ER%ONALL E!ERMINING !#E

E=I%!ENCE O< 'ROBABLE CA"%E RE<ER% !O 'ER%ONALL EFAL"A!ING!#E RE'OR! AN !#E %"''OR!ING OC"MEN!% %"BMI!!E B !#E

'RO%EC"!ION AN NO! 'ER%ONALL E=AMINING !#E COM'LAINAN!

AN #I% WI!NE%%E%. ) I - o onene e *eonen Jue -ue e

**n 8o* e--one*? **e -ou 8-*  personally  ee*+-n-n e e7-ene o8

 *o//e ue /: e7+-n-n une* o o* 88-*+-on e o+-nn n -

-nee, -n -o-on o8 A*. III, e. 2, o8 e Con-u-on. !- Cou* *e: *ue,oee*, - - no e uno-/e u: o8 e >ue o +@e u e*on

e7+-n-on, - /e-n u88--en e 8oo e/-e *oeu*e /:  personally

eu-n e *eo* n e uo*-n ou+en u/+-e /: e *oeuo*.

5.I.; I.; I.; I.; ALLEGE AB%ENCE O< %"<<ICIEN! !IME !O 'ER%ONALL

GO OFER !#E FOL"MINO"% RECOR% O< !#E 'RELIMINAR

INFE%!IGA!ION NO! A FALI REA%ON !O A%%"ME !#A! J"GE #A NO!

COM'LIE WI!# #I% "!. ) 'e--one* -+ e **n o8 **e -ue

 /*e: one ou* n en: +-nue 8e* e e *88e o88 o e *eonen Jue,

- *: e e e* u88--en -+e o e*on: o oe* e ou+-nou *eo*

o8 e *e-+-n*: -ne--on. Me*e: /eue - *eonen o+e +-

on-e* on: *e-e: /*-e8 e*-o --n - o o+: - u:, -e no

*eon o u+e e no, o* ou no e, o o+-e; no* oe -ne

-*u+ne u88-e o oe*o+e e e *eu+-on o88-- u: /een

*eu*: e*8o*+e.

6.I.; I.; BAIL; A''LICA!ION !#ERE!O M"%! BE ORIGINALL <ILE WI!#

CO"R! #AFING J"RI%IC!ION OFER !#E 'ENING CRIMINAL CA%E. ) !e

 

*-+-n e /e8o*e e *eonen Jue e no*+ enue 8o* -no@-n e

 e--one*? *- o e *o--on -/e*: en-n *- n >u+en. !e o*--n

 >u*---on o *n o* en: /- *ee - - *eonen. !e o**e ou*e 8o*

 e--one* o -no@e >u*---on /: 8--n e--on o /e +-e o /-, -+-n

*- o /- per se /: *eon o8 e e@ne o8 e e-ene -n -+. On: 8e*

*e+e: en-e /: e *- ou* ou e *e-e >u*---on o8 - Cou* e

 /een -no@e, n een en, no -ou 8-* :-n o e Cou* o8 Ae -8

*o*-e *e-e8 o -/e e*e.

.I.; I.; MO!ION !O D"A%#; 'RO'ER REME W#ERE IN<ORMA!ION

C#ARGE% A NONHE=I%!EN! CRIME. ) Een ene o8 e--one*? *e+-e

o-n /: e  Hernandez   *u-n, e -n8o*+-on *e nonHe7-en *-+e o*,

on**-:, eo*--n on e +e /- - *e +o*e n one o88ene, ou no

e7ue o* >u-8: - -+*oe* o-e o8 *e+e-e. "ne* e-e* :oe-, e o/-ou*eou*e ou e /een +o-on o u /*ou -n e *-+-n -on /e8o*e e

*eonen Jue.

.I.; I.; BAIL; RECOMMENA!ION O< 'RO%EC"!OR REGARING BAIL,

"%"ALL <OLLOWE. ) I +@e no -88e*ene e *eonen Jue e*e-ue **n o8 **e 8-7-n no /-. I++e+o*- *-e n-on -+: 8oo-n

e *oeuo*? *eo++en-on *e*-n /-, ou - +: /e e*e-e e /ee*

ou*e 8o* e >ue motu proprio o e /- e*-n e*e - o88ene - *e.

9.I.; %"'REME CO"R!; ENJOIN% 'AR!IE% NO! !O %#OR! CIRC"I!

J"ICIAL 'ROCE%%. ) No on: /eue ou* -ne*e ee+ 8oue on e

ouo+e o8 e *een e--on, /u o /eue o e Cou*? n o88 - on >u*---on *oun ou on: o+oun e e: - *e: one *ou,

e Cou* no e-e e +e on e +e*-. Bu -n o o-n, e Cou* nno e7*e

oo *on: e -e - e--on -ne*-e e o*e*e n o*e*: *o*e-on o8

 *oee-n ou e *e - e *- ou* n *ee - Cou* on: -8 e

*e-e8 -e 8o* en-e /: e 8o*+e* n, -n *oe* e, /: e Cou* o8 Ae

on *e-e. Le - /e +e e*: e* e*e8e* e Cou* - no one* ounenne,

 /u - -e o* *-8 o, e -@e e *een, e*: o*H-*u- e >u--

 *oe n /u*en - - e *eou-on o8 -ue *oe*: --n e o*--n

o+eene o8 e oe* ou*.

G"!IERRE$, J., onu**-n

1.CRIMINAL LAW; REBELLION; MA NO! BE COM'LE=E WI!# M"RER;

#ERNANE$ OC!RINE &99 '#IL. 515 [1956](, A''LIE. ) I >o-n e Cou*?

e--on o *n e e--on. In *e-e*-n e *ue une* e7--n *e/e-on +:

no /e o+e7e - +u*e*, e Cou* e+-e - nno e-e ne *-+e

 

-no e7-ene no* *e*-/e en: 8o* - o++--on. ! 8un-on - e7u-e: 8o*

Con*e.

2.REMEIAL LAW; %'ECIAL CIFIL AC!ION; #ABEA% COR'"%; ORINARIL

 NO! !#E 'RO'ER 'ROCE"RE !O A%%ER! !#E RIG#! !O BAIL; CA%E A!

BAR, AN E=CE'!ION. ) A e--on 8o* /e o*u - o*-n*-: no e *oe*

 *oeu*e o e* e *- o /-. "ne* e e- -*u+ne o8 - e,

oee*, e e--one* no oe* *eou*e. !e: o o+e o u. !e *- ou* e*-n: *e o8 e /oe on-e*-on. I nno une*n : e *-

Jue -ue e **n o8 **e - eo*-: e e*e-n e ue was

not entitled to bail . !e e--one* o+ee o o+e o u o e ou no /e

**ee without bail   8o* nonHe7-en *-+e. !e *- ou* 8o*o o : n

e/-e o*-ne o8 e %u*e+e Cou*. Wo*e, - -ue **n - *ee*e 34

:e* o8 e/-e *oeu*e /e on eH@non %u*e+e Cou* *u-n.

3.CRIMINAL LAW; REBELLION; REBELLION WI!# M"RER RE'EALE B

E=EC"!IFE ORER NO. 1. ) '*e-en M*o *ou e ue o8 - en

e--e oe*, -ue '*e. e*ee 942, e*e/: -n-n e ne *-+e o8 *e/e-on

o+e7e - o88ene -@e +u*e* e*e *e* en-e *e -+oe /: .#oee*, '*e-en Au-no u-n e* en e--e oe* e7*e: *eee ' 942

 /: -u-n E7e. O*e* 1. %e e*e/: e*e e *-+e o8 *e/e-on o+e7e -

+u*e* n +e - e* e Hernandez  o*-ne *e+-n e on*o-n *ue. !e

 *oeu-on no e7-ne : - -n- on *eu**e-n n o88ene e7*e: -e

ou /: e '*e-en. !e *oeu-on, -n e88e, ue-on e -on o8 e '*e-en -n

*ee-n *e*e-e e*ee, e*ee -, o*-n o e *ee o*e*, - -o-eo8 u+n *-.

4.CON%!I!"!IONAL LAW; BILL O< RIG#!%;  EX-POST FACTO  LAW;

ECLARA!ION <ROM !#E CO"R! !#A! REBELLION MA BE COM'LE=E

WI!# M"RER M"%! BE A''LIE 'RO%'EC!IFEL; O!#ERWI%E, I! WILL

CON%!I!"!E AN  EX-POST FACTO LAW. ) An: *eHe7+-n-on o8 e #e*nne

o*-ne /*-n e e post !a"to *-n-e -no e -u*e. e--on o8 - Cou* 8o*+

 * o8 ou* e :e+. Een -8 e e*e *e/e-on +: /e o+e7e -

+u*e*, ou* e*-on n no /e +e *e*o-e e*e e e88e - o -+*-on

 e*on 8o* *-+e - - no e7- un- e %u*e+e Cou* *ee*e -e8.

 

5.REMEIAL LAW; CO"R!%; %#O"L NEFER 'LA IN!O !#E #AN% O<

!#E 'RO%EC"!ION AN BLINL COM'L WI!# I!% ERRONEO"%

MANI<E%!A!ION%. ) A ou* ou *e+e+/e* e: 8o*+ * o8 n

-neenen >u-- :e+; e: o no /eon o e *oeu-on e*-e. A ou*

ou nee* : -no e n o8 e *oeu-on n /-n: o+: - - e**oneou

 

+n-8e-on. <e - n -n8o*+-on *-n +n-8e: nonHe7-en *-+e, e

duty o! a trial "ourt is to throw it out . O*, e e*: e n e*e o-/e, +@e -

on8o*+ o e .

6.I.; I.; LOWER CO"R!% CANNO! REHE=AMINE AN REFER%E A

ECI%ION O< !#E %"'REME CO"R!. ) A oe* ou* nno *eHe7+-ne n

*ee*e e--on o8 e %u*e+e Cou* ee-: e--on on-en: 8ooe 8o*

34 :e*. We*e Jue -*ee - %u*e+e Cou* *u-n, e - 8*ee o e7*e -*ee*-on -n e /o: o8 - e--on, o*e*, o* *eou-on. #oee*, n: >u+en e

*ene*, n: o*e* e *e*-/e, n n: *oee e -ue must !ollow the Supreme

Court pre"edent . A *- ou* no >u*---on o *ee*e o* -no*e *eeen o8 e

%u*e+e Cou*. In - *-u* e, - ou e /een e %o--o* Gene* o+-n

o - Cou* o ue-on e oe* ou*? *e>e-on o8 e --on 8o* **n o8

**e -ou /-. I ou e /een e %o--o*H Gene* *oo@-n e -ue o8 *eHe7+-n-on -ne o8 e e--one* @-n o /e 8*ee 8*o+ e-* **e 8o* nonH

e7-en *-+e.

.I.; CRIMINAL 'ROCE"RE; IN<ORMA!ION C#ARGING A NONHE=I%!EN!

O<<EN%E, N"LL AN FOI. ) I @e e7e-on o * o8 e onen- -- *e e -n8o*+-on *-n -+e *e/e-on. !- e - no *-e 8*o+

-nnoen e**o*. I8 n -n8o*+-on *e +u*e* /u - onen o on: e

-n*e-en o8 o+--e, e Jue +: *-: *e - *-n o+--e. In ee

e, oee*, e*e - e-/e*e e+ o *e e e--one* 8o* n o88ene -

- Cou* *ue nonHe7-en. !e *oeu-on ne Hernandez  o /e *ee*e.

%-ne e *oeu-on 8-e -n8o*+-on 8o* *-+e -, une* ou* *u-n, oeno e7-, oe -n8o*+-on ou /e *ee nu n o-. Ne -n8o*+-on

*-n e o**e o88ene ou /e 8-e. An -n G.R. No. 92164, n e7* e88o*

ou /e +e o ee ee* o* no e *-n-e -n Salon#a $% Cruz Pano, et al%,

& supra( /een -oe.

<ELICIANO, J., onu**-n

1.CIFIL LAW; A''LICA!ION O< LAW%; NONHRE!ROAC!IFI! R"LE O<

%!A!"!E%, LEGI%LA!IFE AC!% AN J"ICIAL ECI%ION%, CON%!R"E. )

!e nonH*e*o--: *ue -e o ue *-n-:. Bu, ue o no e7- -n e

/* /u *e* /e* uon e -e o8 eoe - e e-8- 8o*+ -en e+ /:

 >u-- e--on -ne**e-n e-* no*+. Ju-- e--on on*u-n uo*: no*+-e e-8- e n onen o u no*+. In -+e, e uo*: no*+ /eo+e

en*ue - e oe e uon e+ /: e ou* n e oe /eo+e

-ne* - e no*+ &C8. Ce7 $. 'o+*, 1 %CRA 24 [1966](. !u, -e -n

e eo*:, >u-- -ne**e-on o8 ue /eo+e * o8 e o8 e e

e o*--n: ene, I /e-ee - eo*: - no o /e -e *-o*ou: e*e

ne >u-- o*-ne - nnoune, -n *-u* one oe**u-n *e-ou e7--n

 

o*-ne o8 on n-n &e*e, 36 :e*( n +o e-: no e*e e ue

on*ue - *-+-n -n nu*e n e ne o*-ne - +o*e one*ou 8o* e ue n

e *eHe7--n one &'eoe $. J/-n, 55 %CRA 60 [194]; 'eoe $. L-e*, 65 %CRA

20 [195]; Gu+/on $. -*eo* o8 '*-on, 3 %CRA 420 [191](. Mo*eoe*, e nonH

*e*o--: *ue ee* -n *ee o8 e--e o* >u-- e--on

on-u-on -+--on. !e *e--n *ue -n e "n-e %e - >u--

e--on *e*o-e: *ene* n *-+-n o* enne e ee*-: o8 e en:

 *e*-/e 8o* n o88ene, - une*/e o on-u-on ene /e uon e *ue

-n e post !a"to  n e ue *oe ue &Bou-e $. C-: o8 Cou+/-, 3 "%

34, 12 L. E. 2 94 [1964]; M*@ $. ".%., 43 "% 1, 51 L. E. 2 260 [19];

e-ne $. Ne Me7-o e*+en o8 Co**e-on, 66 <. 2 339 [199](.

2.CRIMINAL LAW; COM'LE= CRIME; REBELLION WI!# M"RER, MORE

ONERO"% !O !#E ACC"%E !#AN !#E %IM'LE A''LICA!ION O<#ERNANE$ &99 '#IL. 515 [1956]( OC!RINE. ) !e ne o*-ne e

Goe*n+en ou e u -oe* 8o* e 8-* -+e -ne e *o+u-on o8 e

Re-e 'en Coe -n 1932, ou /e +o*e one*ou 8o* e *eonen ue n e

-+e --on o8 e Hernandez  o*-ne +u*e* - e /een o++-e

on e o-on o8 n -n 8u*e*ne o8 e *-+e o8 *e/e-on +u /e ee+e /o*/e

-n e o88ene o8 -+e *e/e-on. I *ee e*e8o*e e -n8o*+-on -n - e +u /e -ee *-n on: e *-+e o8 -+e *e/e-on.

MELENCIOH#ERRERA, J., e*e o-n-on

1.CRIMINAL LAW; REBELLION; OC!RINE IN #ERNANE$ CA%E REMAIN%

A GOO LAW. ) I >o-n +: oeue -n o-n e  Hernandez  o*-ne, - /een - u 8o* e *ee ee, *e+-n oo n, u, ou *e+-n

un-u*/e e-e e*-o- ene o - , -*on-:, e on: e*e o

*enen - *onoune+en.

2.REMEIAL LAW; %'ECIAL CIFIL AC!ION; #ABEA% COR'"%; 'RO'ERREME W#ERE ACC"%E I% E!AINE ON A NONHE=I%!EN! CRIME. ) I

@e e7e-on o e -e, oee*, habeas "orpus  no e *oe* *e+e:. #

e In8o*+-on 8-e /eo *e +e*e: e -+e *-+e o8 Re/e-on,

 *oo--on ou e /een u-/e. Bu In8o*+-on *e Re/e-on

o+e7e - Mu*e* n Mu-e <*u*e Mu*e*, *-+e - oe no e7- -n

ou* ue /oo@. !e *e o/-ou: -nene o +@e e en: 8o* e +oe*-ou o88ene -n - +7-+u+ e*-o -+o/e uon e o88ene* u*un o A*-e

4 o8 e Re-e 'en Coe. !u, no /- *eo++ene -n e In8o*+-on no*

n: *e*-/e -n e W**n o8 A**e -ue /: e !*- Cou*. "ne* e

enn -*u+ne, e*e8o*e, o e 8-e Mo-on o Du /e8o*e e oe*

Cou* ou no e /*ou /ou e ee: *e-e8 8*o+ un8u *e*-n

 e--one* ee@-n. u*-n e enen: o8 - Mo-on /e8o*e e oe* Cou*,

 

 e--one* ou e on-nue o nu- -n een-on. Be-e, e W*- o8  Habeas

Corpus +: - -ue een -8 noe* *e+e:, - - e e88e-e, +: /e -e o8

&Ce $s. Cou* o8 Ae, 24 %CRA 663(.

3.I.; I.; I.; WO"L ORINARIL NO! LIE W#EN A 'ER%ON I% E!AINE

B FIR!"E O< A WARRAN!; E=CE'!ION. ) I - *ue habeas "orpus ou

o*-n*-: no -e en e*on - une* uo: /: -*ue o8 *oe -ue /: Cou*.

!e Cou*, oee*, +u e >u*---on o -ue e *oe. In - e, e Cou* /eo +u /e ee+e o e /een oue o8 >u*---on en - -e: u*-e

 e--one*? -/e*:.  Habeas "orpus  - u -/e. !e *- o8 /e o*u -

-/e o *e-ee e*on 8*o+ un8u *e*-n. Bu e*e e een-on o*

on8-ne+en - e *eu o8 *oe -ue /: e ou* o* >ue o* /: -*ue o8

 >u+en o* enene, e *- o*-n*-: nno /e -e o8.  &t may still be in$o'ed

thou#h i! the pro"ess, (ud#ment or senten"e pro"eeded !rom a "ourt or tribunal the (urisdi"tion o! whi"h may be assailed . E$en i! it had authority to a"t at the outset, it is

now the pre$ailin# do"trine that a depri$ation o! "onstitutional ri#ht, i! shown to eist,

would oust it o! (urisdi"tion% &n su"h a "ase, habeas "orpus "ould be relied upon to

re#ain one)s liberty &Ceee $s. 'eoe, 31 %CRA 391( [E+- ou*].

4.I.; I.; I.; R"LE% !#EREON LIBERALL CON%!R"E. ) W-e --n

ou, *ue, en e e o8 e >u-- e*, no-n ou o - Cou*

8*o+ @-n on-ne o8 e--on /*ou /e8o*e - *--n u*en on-u-on -ue,

n: *oeu* 8 no-n-n. !e *ue on habeas "orpus *e o /e -/e*:

on*ue &Gn: $. Du-en, 42 '-. 05(, e *- o8 habeas "orpus  /e-n ?e

8un+en -n*u+en 8o* 8eu*-n -n--u 8*eeo+ -n */-**: n ee -on. !e oe n 8e7-/--: o8 e *- ) - -: o *e +nne* o8

-e een-on ) its ability to "ut throu#h barriers o! !orm and pro"edural mazes )?

e : /een e+-e n >eou: u*e /: ou* n +@e* &Gu+/on

$. -*eo* o8 Bu*eu o8 '*-on, 3 %CRA 420( [E+- ou*].

5.CRIMINAL LAW; REBELLION. REBELLION COM'LE=E WI!# M"RER

AN M"L!I'LE <R"%!RA!E M"RER% RE'EALE B E=EC"!IFE ORER

 NO. 1; #IG# CO"R! WI!#O"! 'OWER !O LEGI%LA!E IN!O E=I%!ENCE

!#E COM'LE= CRIME O< REBELLION WI!# M"RER. ) I8, -nee, - - e-*e

o +@e e *-+e o8 Re/e-on - o88ene &no un-/e /: re"lusion perpetua(,

e *e+e: -e -n e--on. Bu A*-e 142H o8 e Re-e 'en Coe, on -

'.. No. 942, e*e *eee, 8o* /e-n *e*e-e, /: EO No. 1 on 5 June 19. EO

1 8u*e* e7--: *o-e A*-e 134 &n oe* enu+e*e( o8 e Re-e

'en Coe *eo*e o - 8u 8o*e n e88e - e7-e /e8o*e - +eno*:

e*ee. #-n /een o *eee, - Cou* - /e*e8 o8 oe* o e-e -no

e7-ene, une* e u-e o8 *eHe7+-n-n ee o*-ne, *eu*e un@non -n

H e o+e7 *-+e o8 Re/e-on - Mu*e*.

 

'AILLA, J., e*e o-n-on

1.CRIMINAL LAW; REBELLION; OC!RINE IN 'EO'LE * . #ERNANE$, 99

'#IL. 515 !#A! REBELLION CANNO! BE COM'LE=E WI!# O!#ER CRIME%,

"'#EL. ) I onu* -n e +>o*-: o-n-on -no8* - o e *u-n -n People

$s% Hernandez , 99 '-. 515 *e+-n /-n-n o*-ne oe*-n o *o-/- e

o+e7-n o8 *e/e-on - n: oe* o88ene o++-e on e o-on e*eo8, e-e*

+en nee*: o - o++--on o* n un-nene e88e o8 n --: on-ue *e/e-on.

2.REMEIAL LAW; CRIMINAL 'ROCE"RE; IN<ORMA!ION C#ARGING !#E

CRIME O< REBELLION COM'LE=E WI!# M"RER AN M"L!I'LEM"RER, N"LL AN FOI  A+ &&T&O; #ERNANE$ CA%E MA!ERIALL

I<<EREN! IN ONE RE%'EC! WI!# CA%E A! BAR. ) I -en, oee*, 8*o+

e +>o*-: o-n-on -no8* - o e -n8o*+-on -n ue-on, -e *-n

e o+e7 *-+e o8 *e/e-on - +u*e* n +u-e 8*u*e +u*e*, is to be read

as "har#in# simple rebellion. !e *een e *e o /e --nu-e 8*o+ e

 Hernandez  e -n e one &1( +e*- *ee. In e Hernandez  e, - Cou* on8*one - n appealed "ase, -.e., #e*nne /een on-e /: e *- ou* o8

e o+e7 *-+e o8 *e/e-on - +u*e*, *on n *o//e*:, n - e o /e

*eee on /- /e8o*e e %u*e+e Cou*, en-n e, e /-* o e no

ee/*e Hernandez  o*-ne e *-+e o8 *e/e-on o+e7e - +u*e*, *on

n *o//e*: oe no e7-. In e *een e, on e oe* n, e Cou* -

on8*one - n ori#inal "ase, -.e. e*e n -n8o*+-on /een *een: 8-e -n e*- ou* n e e--one* e no een ee e*eo. <u*e*+o*e, e %u*e+e

Cou*, -n e  Hernandez  e, *ounH/*e@-n on e -ue o8 ee* *e/e-on

n /e o+e7e - +u*e*, *on, *o//e*:, e. In e *een e, on e oe*

n, e *oeu-on n e oe* ou*, no on: e Hernandez  o*-ne &as "ase

law(, /u E7eu-e O*e* No. 1 o8 '*e-en Co*on C. Au-no e 5 June 19

&as statutory law( o /-n e+ o e e *oo--on the "rime o! rebellion

"ompleed with murder , and multiple !rustrated murder does not eist . An :e,

no-n-n ee unmista'able  n "ontrollin#  /eon - ) /en en -

Cou* - on e Hernandez  o*-ne ) e *oeu-on -n-e -n 8--n, n e

oe* ou* e*-e -n e*-n, n -n8o*+-on *-n e e--one* -

*e/e-on o+e7e - +u*e* n +u-e 8*u*e +u*e*. That in!ormation is

"learly a nullity and plainly $oid ab initio. I e ou no /e oe o u*8e. A

nu-: -n u/n-e , - *e no-n; - -en *-e o no-n. !e **n o8

**e -ue u*un e*eo *e nu n o- e -n8o*+-on on - e: *e

no*e. An, -ne e en-*e ue-on o8 e -n8o*+-on? --: - /e8o*e e Cou*

-n ee /e o*u e, I enu*e o : e -n8o*+-on -  !atally de!e"ti$e,

een une* *oeu* , /eue - *e +o*e n one &1( o88ene &%e. 13, Rue

 

110, Rue o8 Cou*(. I u/+- en - - no 8o* - Cou* o ene*-e e n,

 /e, 8: e*e- -n8o*+-on /: /e-n o* /--n - -88e*en: 8*o+ -

nnoune -e8 o /e. !e *oeu-on +u 8-e n entirely new and proper  -n8o*+-on,

8o* - en-*e e7e*-e o +e*- e e*-ou on-e*-on o8 e ou*.

%ARMIEN!O, J., onu**-n n -en-n

1.CRIMINAL LAW; REBELLION; OC!RINE IN #ERNANE$ CA%E &99 '#IL.

515 [1956]( !#A! REBELLION CANNO! BE COM'LE=E WI!# AN O!#ER

O<<EN%E, "'#EL. ) I *ee 'eoe $. #e*nne ou /-e. Mo*e n *ee

ee 8e* - - enne, - 8-*+: ee -n e o+e o8 ou* >u*-*uene

o**e o*-ne. A #e*nne u -, *e/e-on +en en-n -n * -n e

8o*e o8 e oe*n+en, - -+-e *eo* o *+, *eu---on o8 *oe*: n

e*-e oe-on o8 7e n on*-/u-on, *e*-n o8 -/e*:, +e o *oe*:,

 :- -n>u*-e n o o8 -8e n e une*, -ne n un-ne * ee

-n - @e . . ., ee* o++-e -n 8u*e*ne, o* nee*: +en 8o* e

o++--on, o* -n e ou*e, o8 *e/e-on. !o : *e/e-on +: /e o+e7e -

n: oe* o88ene, -n - e +u*e*, - o : -no on*--on -n e*+ /eue

e7:, *e/e-on -nue +u*e*, +on oe* o-/e *-+e.

2.REMEIAL LAW; CRIMINAL 'ROCE"RE; IN<ORMA!ION; ALLEGA!ION%

COM'LE=ING REBELLION WI!# O!#ER CRIME%, A MERE %"R'L"%AGE. ) I

o *ee e -n8o*+-on +: n n u-on 8o* -+e *e/e-on. %-ne e

o+-ne o8 on-u-n *e/e-on e /een e+/o-e -n e -n8o*+-on

+en-on e*e-n o8 +u*e* o+e7-n o88ene - u*ue, /eue -n n: e

e *-+e o8 *e/e-on - e8 8u: e*-/e. A n: *e, e oe*n+en nee on:+en e -n8o*+-on /: e*- o**e-on, -ne n +en+en - no e* -

u/ne.

3.I.; I.; REMAN O< CA%E !O !#E !RIAL CO"R! <OR '"R'O%E O< <I=ING

BAIL W#ERE ACC"%E WA% 'ROFI%IONALL RELEA%E B !#E #IG#CO"R!, MOO! AN ACAEMIC. ) I -en, oee*, -no8* e +>o*-:

o*e* e *e+n o8 e +e* o8 /- o e oe* ou*. I @e - en e, -n ou*

Reou-on o8 M* 6, 1990, *ne e e--one* *o--on -/e*: uon e 8--n

o8 /on o8 '100,000.00, e *ne -+ /-. !e 8 e e -+ *o--on

-/e*: - -n +: -e o8 no +o+en /eue /- +en *o--on -/e*:. I - e*e

no ue8u u*oe o e e *- ou* e* e -n-en -n en e ou*ee e /een -8-e e e--one* - en-e o e+o**: 8*eeo+.

BIIN, onu**-n n -en-n

1.REMEIAL LAW; %"'REME CO"R!; WI!# J"RI%IC!ION O< <I=ING BAIL;

REMAN O< CA%E !O !#E !RIAL CO"R! <OR %AI '"R'O%E,

 

"NNECE%%AR. ) I u/+- e *oee-n nee no /e *e+ne o e

*eonen >ue 8o* e u*oe o8 8-7-n /- -ne e e on*ue e -n-+en

e*e-n *-n -+e *e/e-on, n o88ene - - /-/e. In -e e*eo8, e

*eon-/--: o8 8-7-n e +oun o8 /- n *o e*eo8 en 8-e, eoe

uon u, -8 o+ee *e-e8 - o /e o*e o e--one* -n e -nn *oee-n.

'e--one* -, /e8o*e ", on e--on 8o* /e o*u *:-n, +on oe*, 8o* -

 *o--on *eee on /-. %-ne e o88ene *e &on*ue -+e *e/e-on(

+- o8 /-, - - -nu+/en uon u -n e e7e*-e o8 ou* >u*---on oe* e e--on

8o* /e o*u &%e-on 5[1], A*-e FIII, Con-u-on; %e-on 2, Rue 102(, o *n

 e--one* - *- o /- n -n +-e -+ o /-, o 8-7 e +oun e*eo8 -n

u u+ e ou* ee+ *eon/e. !e*e8e*, e *ue *eu-*e e

 *oee-n oee* - e /on 8o*- /e e*-8-e o e *eonen *-

ou* &%e-on 14, Rue 102(. Ao*-n:, e /on -n e +oun o8 '100,000.00

 oe /: e--one* 8o* - *o--on *eee u*un o ou* *eou-on e M* 6,

1990 ou no /e ee+e n +-e - /- /on 8o* - *o--on *eee -n

e e &-+e *e/e-on( en-n /e8o*e e *eonen >ue, -ou nee-: o8

*e+n 8o* 8u*e* *oee-n, on--one 8o* - &e--one*?( e*ne /e8o*e e

*- ou* o /-e - o*e* o* >u+en -n e - e.

2.I.; %'ECIAL 'ROCEEING%; #ABEA% COR'"%; REME AFAILABLE ANACC"%E ENIE !#E RIG#! !O BAIL. ) #/e o*u - e *oe* *e+e:

-/e o e--one* n ue o /een *e - -+e *e/e-on,

 /-/e o88ene /u o /een en-e - *- o /- /: e *eonen >ue -n

-o-on o8 e--one*? on-u-on *- o /-.

3.I.; CRIMINAL 'ROCE"RE; BAIL; A MA!!ER O< RIG#! BE<ORE

CONFIC!ION. ) I - -nu/-/e /e8o*e on--on, +--on o /- - +e*

o8 *- o e e8enn, ue /e8o*e e Re-on !*- Cou* o8 n o88ene e n

- &%e-on 13 A*-e III, Con-u-on n %e-on 3, Rue 114(.

<ERNAN, C.J., -en-n n onu**-n

1.CRIMINAL LAW; REBELLION; OC!RINE IN #ERNANE$ CA%E &99 '#IL.

515 [1956]( !#A! REBELLION CANNO! BE COM'LE=E WI!# O!#ER

CRIME%, %#O"L BE A''LIE ONL W#ERE COMMON CRIME%

COMMI!!E WERE INI%'EN%ABLE IN REBELLION. H I + on*-ne o *-e

- e*e o-n-on on ee+ o /e *-- e*ene o e 1956 *u-n o8 eCou*. !e nu+e*ou ene o e o*-ne enun-e -n e e o8  People $s%

 Hernandez , 99 '-. 515 &1956( ou one e+on*e e nee o *ee8-ne e

-/--: o8 - o*-ne o o +@e - on8o*+/e - ee n eHee

 *-n-e o8 *-+-n n >u*-*uene. !o +: +-n, e #e*nne o*-ne ou

no /e -ne**ee n He+/*-n uo*-: 8o* e *ue o++on *-+e

o++-e on e o-on, o* -n 8u*e*ne o8, o* -n onne-on -, *e/e-on *e

 

/o*/e /: e e*. !o e7en, I nno o on - e -e o8 e +>o*-: -n

e -nn e #e*nne *e+-n /-n-n o*-ne oe*-n o *o-/- e

o+e7-n o8 *e/e-on - n: oe* o88ene o++-e on e o-on e*eo8, e-e*

+en nee*: o - o++--on o* n un-nene e88e o8 n --:

on-ue *e/e-on &. 9 e--on(. W- ue *ee o e -e o8 +: /*e*en -n

e Cou*, I /e-ee e Cou*, -n e -nn e, ou e 8u*e* on-e*e e

--n-on /eeen o* o88ene - *e indispensable  -n e o++--on o8

*e/e-on, on e one n, n oe o* o88ene *e merely ne"essary /u no

-n-en/e -n e o++--on o8 *e/e-on, on e oe*. !e +>o*-: o8 e Cou* -

o**e -n o-n, /e- -+-e:, e -e -n #e*nne e en n o88ene

 e*e*e nee*: +en o8 o++--n noe*, - - n ee+en o8 e e*,

e *eu-n -ne*o@-n *-+e ou /e on-e*e on: one -+e o88ene n

+u /e ee+e ou-e e oe*-on o8 e o+e7 *-+e *o--on &A*-e 4( o8 e

Re-e 'en Coe. A -n e e o8 #e*nne, e Cou*, oee*, 8-e -n e

-nn e o --nu- - -n-en/e 8*o+ - +e*e: nee*: -n e

o++--on o8 n o88ene, *eu-n u -n e *ue o++on *-+e -@e +u*e*,

*on, *o//e*:, e. o++-e -n e ou*e o* on e o-on o8 *e/e-on *e /o*/e

o* -nue -n e e* ee+en e*eo8. A *-+e - - -n-en/e -n e

o++--on o8 noe* +u nee*-: /e n ee+en o8 e e*; /u *-+e -+e*e: nee*: /u no -n-en/e -n e o++--on o8 noe* - no n ee+en o8

e e*, n -8 n en u: o++-e, /*-n e -ne*o@-n *-+e --n e

oe*-on o8 e o+e7 *-+e *o--on &A*. 4( o8 e Re-e 'en Coe. W-

--n-on, o++on *-+e o++-e -n Goe*n+en 8o*e n *oe*: -n e

ou*e o8 *e/e-on *e *oe*: on-e*e -n-en/e oe* o8 *e/e-on n *e

o-: /o*/e -n - -*u -n*e-en o* ee+en e*eo8, /u o++on *-+eo++-e -n e ---n ou-on -n e ou*e o* on e o-on o8 *e/e-on

n -n 8u*e*ne e*eo8, +: /e nee*: /u no -n-en/e -n o++--n e

e*, n +:, e*e8o*e, no /e on-e*e ee+en o8 e - *-+e o8 *e/e-on.

 

D E C I S I O N

NAR0ASA,   

!-*:H8ou* :e* 8e* - *oe -o*: -no ou* *-+-n >u*-*uene,  People $s%

 Hernandez 1 one +o*e @e ene* e e 8ou o8 on8*on-on

ou *eHe7+-ne, -8 no e --: o8 - o*-ne, e -+- o8 - -/--:. !o /e

u*e, e -ne*en-n e*-o nu+/e* o8 -+-* e 2  oo@ -ue - e

*u-n ) - +*@e @ o8 ue ) /u none, - ou ee+, e*e eon n

-*u+ne +o*e e88e-e: on-*e o * -e u/- en-on n e7-e

 

-+-one e/e, een +on :+en; none, e*-n:, - een u-e e @-n

n *ne o8 *u+en *e no /*ou o /e* on e +e ue-on.

!e 8 *e no -n -ue. In e 8e*noon o8 <e/*u*: 2, 1990, %ene M-no*-: <oo*

Lee* Jun 'one En*-e **ee /: en8o*e+en o88-e* e /: -*eo*

A8*eo L-+ o8 e N-on Bu*eu o8 Ine--on on e *en o8 **n -ue

 /: #on. J-+e %* o8 e Re-on !*- Cou* o8 Dueon C-: B*n 103, -n

C*-+-n Ce No. 9010941. !e **n -ue on n -n8o*+-on -ne n e*-e* : 8-e /: ne o8 *oeuo* o+oe o8 %en-o* %e '*oeuo* Au*e-o C.

!*+e, %e '*oeuo* <e*-nn R. A/e+- n A-n C-: '*oeuo* Euo-o

Mnnu-, J*., *-n %eno* En*-e, e oue Re/eo n E*-n 'n--o, n

G*eo*-o #onn - e *-+e o8 *e/e-on - +u*e* n +u-e 8*u*e +u*e*

ee: o++-e u*-n e e*-o o8 e 8-e ou e+ 8*o+ Noe+/e* 29 o

ee+/e* 10, 1990. %eno* En*-e @en o n e oe*n- e NBIeu*e* on !8 Aenue, Mn-, -ou /-, none -n /een *eo++ene -n

e -n8o*+-on n none 8-7e -n e **e **n. !e 8oo-n +o*n-n, <e/*u*:

2, 1990, e /*ou o C+ !o+ K*-n -n Dueon C-: e*e e -en

oe* o e uo: o8 e %ue*-nenen o8 e No*e*n 'o-e -*-, B*-. Gen.

E*o u !o**e. 3 

On e +e e o8 <e/*u*: 2, 1990, %eno* En*-e, *ou oune, 8-e e e--on

8o* habeas "orpus e*e-n &- 8ooe /: ue+en e--on 8-e on M*

2, 1990(, e-n e e*-e o8 - on-u-on *- -n /e-n, o* -n

 /een

&(e o ne* 8o* *-+-n o88ene - oe no e7- -n e ue /oo@;

&/(*e - *-+-n o88ene -n n -n8o*+-on 8o* - no o+-n

-n--: 8-e o* *e-+-n*: -ne--on onue, ene en-e

ue *oe;

&(en-e - *- o /-; n

&(**ee n e-ne on e *en o8 **n -ue -ou e >ue

o -ue - 8-* -n e*on: ee*+-ne e e7-ene o8 *o//e

ue. 4 

!e Cou* -ue e *- *:e 8o*, *eu*n/e M* 5, 1990 n e e e 8o*

e*-n on M* 6, 1990. 5 On M* 5, 1990, e %o--o* Gene* 8-e ono-e*eu*n 6  8o* e *eonen -n - e n -n G.R. No. 92164,  - /een

one+o*neou: /u e*e: 8-e /: o o8 %eno* En*-e? oHue, e

oue Re/eo n E*-n 'n--o, n *-e -+-* ue-on. %- *eu*n u*e

e e--one*? e oe no 8 --n e  Hernandez  *u-n /eue ) n - -

 u-n - e*: -+: ) e -n8o*+-on -n  Hernandez   *e +u*e* n oe*

 

o++on *-+e o++-e as a ne"essary means !or the "ommission o! rebellion,

e*e e -n8o*+-on -n %en. En*-e et al% *e +u*e* n 8*u*e +u*e*

o++-e on the o""asion, but not in !urtheran"e, o8 *e/e-on. %e oe*-e, e

%o--o* Gene* ou --nu- /eeen e o+e7 *-+e &e-o o+e>o(

*--n 8*o+ n o88ene /e-n nee*: +en 8o* o++--n noe*, - -

*e8e**e o -n e eon ue o8 A*-e 4, Re-e 'en Coe, n - e u/>e o8

e Hernandez  *u-n, n e o+oun *-+e &e-o o+ueo( *--n 8*o+ -ne

on-u-n o o* +o*e *e o* e *e o88ene *e8e**e o -n e 8-* ue o8

e +e **, - - Hernandez   no one*ne n o -, e*e8o*e, -

ou no :.

!e *-e e*e e* -n o* *u+en, eue, on M* 6, 1990, 8e* - e

Cou* -ue - Reou-on o8 e +e e  *n-n %eno* En*-e n e 'n--o

oue *o--on -/e*: on--one uon e-* 8--n, --n 24 ou* 8*o+ no-e, o* u*e: /on o8 '100,000.00 &8o* %eno* En*-e( n '200,000.00 &8o* e

'n--o(, *ee-e:. !e Reou-on e - -ue -ou *e>u-e o

+o*e e7ene *eou-on on e +e* o8 e *o--on -/e*: o8 e e--one* n

*ee - no -n uon e e -ue *-e -n /o e. <ou* Me+/e*

o8 e Cou* 9 oe -n *n-n /- o %eno* En*-e, n o 10 -n *n-n

 /- o e 'n--o.

!e Cou* no *ee oe -ue -no8* e: *e *-e n --e -n %eno*

En*-e? e--on, G.R. No. 92163.

!e *-e? o* n *-en e *eene e Cou* - e 8oo-n o-on

&(/non  Hernandez   n o e +-no*-: -e e7*ee -n e +-n-en o8 Ju-e Mone+:o* -n - e *e/e-on nno /o*/ +o*e

e*-ou *-+e, n une* A*-e 4 o8 e Re-e 'en Coe *e/e-on

+: *oe*: /e o+e7e - o++on o88ene, oHe; - o-on uee /: e %o--o* Gene* -n o* *u+en ou - - no o88e*e -n

- *-en e-n;

&/(o Hernandez  -/e on: o o88ene o++-e -n 8u*e*ne, o*

nee*: +en 8o* e o++--on, o8 *e/e-on, /u no o o++-e -ne ou*e o8 *e/e-on - o on-ue o++on *-+e o8 *e o* e

*e *e*;

&(+-n-n Hernandez   :-n o +@e *e/e-on /o*/ oe* o88ene

o++-e -n - ou*e, ee* o* no nee*: o - o++--on o* -n8u*e*ne e*eo8.

On e 8-* o-on, eeen &11( Me+/e* o8 e Cou* oe -n /non-n

 Hernandez% !o &2( Me+/e* 8e e o*-ne ou /e *eHe7+-ne. 10HA In e

 

-e o8 e +>o*-:, e *u-n *e+-n oo , - u/n-e n o- /e e

-oo u/euen ene n no ne one *e *eene e*e e*u-e

enou o **n o+ee *ee*. !- -e - *e-n8o*e /: e 8 no oo

on o, e -nu+/en '*e-en, e7e*--n e* oe* une* e 196 <*eeo+

Con-u-on, 8- o *ee, +on oe*, '*e-en- e*ee No. 942 o8 e 8o*+e*

*e-+e - *e-e: ou o nu-8: o* neu*-e  Hernandez  /: en-n ne

 *o--on &A*. 142HA( -no e Re-e 'en Coe o e e88e &(en /: *eon,

o* on e o-on, o8 n: o8 e *-+e en-e -n - Ce* &Ce* I o8 !-e 3,

- -nue *e/e-on(, - on-ue o88ene uon - *e* en-e *e

-+oe /: *e o++-e, e en: 8o* e +o e*-ou o88ene -n - +7-+u+

 e*-o /e -+oe uon e o88ene*. 11 In u -n, e '*e-en -n e88e /:

e--e 8- *e-ne Hernandez   /-n-n o*-ne - e e88e o8 . !e Cou*

n o no e n o* - e +e *eon--on, /en n: u88--en: oe*8u

*eon -n o o-n.

On e eon o-on, e Cou* unn-+ou: oe o *e>e e eo*:  Hernandez  -,

o* ou /e, -+-e -n - --on o o88ene o++-e nee*: +en 8o* e

o++--on o8 *e/e-on n e *u-n ou no /e -ne**ee *o-/--n e

o+e7-n o8 *e/e-on - oe* o++on *-+e o++-e on e o-on, /u no -n

8u*e*ne, e*eo8. W-e 8ou* Me+/e* o8 e Cou* 8e e *oonen? *u+ene*e no en-*e: eo- o8 +e*-, e onenu e: e*e no u88--en o

oe*o+e e* o /e e *e *u o8 Hernandez  o *ue ou e o+e7-n o8

*e/e-on - n: oe* o88ene o++-e -n - ou*e une* e-e* o8 e 8o*e-e

ue o8 A*-e 4, - +e e* /: e 8oo-n e7e* 8*o+ e +>o*-: o-n-on

-n e

!e*e - one oe* *eon ) n 8un+en one ) : A*-e 4o8 ou* 'en Coe nno /e -e -n e e /*. I8 +u*e* e*e no

o+e7e - *e/e-on, n e o *-+e e*e un-e e*e:

&u+-n - ou /e one(, e 8oo-n en-e ou /e -+o/euon e +on, n+e: &1( 8o* e *-+e o8 *e/e-on, 8-ne no e7ee-n

'20,000 n prision mayor, -n e o**eon-n e*-o, een-n uon e

+o-8:-n -*u+ne *een, /u nee* e7ee-n 12 :e* o8  prision

mayor.  n &2( 8o* e *-+e o8 +u*e*, re"lusion temporal   -n - +7-+u+

 e*-o o e, een-n uon e +o-8:-n -*u+ne *een. In oe*

o*, -n e /ene o8 *-n -*u+ne, the etreme penalty "ould

not be imposed  uon -+. #oee*, une* A*-e 4 - penalty would ha$eto be meted out   o -+, e$en in the absen"e o! a sin#le a##ra$atin#

"ir"umstan"e% !u, - *o--on, -8 on*ue -n on8o*+-: - e eo*:

o8 e *oeu-on, ou /e un!a$orable o e +on.

"on e oe* n, - A*-e 4 ene 8o* e u*oe o8 !a$orin#e u*-, no o8 enen-n -+ o en: more se$ere  n -

 

ou /e *oe* -8 e ee* e*8o*+e /: -+ e*e un-e e*e:.

In e o* o8 Ro*-ue N**o

?L un-8--on e en en o o e onu*o e e-o ue e*e8e*en- ee *-uo &5 e Co-o e 1932(, e /o

8*n+ene en e *-n--o pro reo%? &II o*-n 'en e !*-/un

%u*e+o e En, . 216.(

We *e *e o8 e 8 - o/e*-on *e8e* o A*-e 1 &e* 5( o8e %n- 'en Coe &e oune** o8 ou* A*-e 4(, +ene -n 190

n en -n 1932, *e-n

?L -o--one e *-uo ne*-o* no on -/e en e

o e ue un oo eo on-u: o o + e-o, o uno e unoe eo e +e-o nee*-o * o+ee* e o*o.

 

?En eo o oo e -+on* en o**eon-ene

e-o + *e en u *o +7-+o, e -+-e ue *e*eene u+ e ue u-e*n -+one*e, enno e*+ene o e-o.

?Cuno en - o+u e7e e ee -+-e, e

n-on*n o e-o o* e*o.? &Ro*-ue N**o, o*-n

'en e !*-/un %u*e+o, Fo. II, . 2163(.

n ou* A*-e 4 oe no on-n e u-8--on -ne*e -n -+en+en, *e*--n e -+o--on o8 e en: 8o* e *e* o88ene -n -

+7-+u+ e*-o o e e en - oe no e7ee e u+ o o8 e

 en-e -+o/e -8 e *e e*e e - e*e:. !e /eneo8 - -+--on -n ou* 'en Coe oe no, o ou* +-n, 88e u/n-:

e -*- o8 - A*-e 4. Inee, -8 one on-ue o o* +o*e o88ene,

e*e n /e no *eon o -n8- un-+en *e* n *e*-/e 8o*e one o8 - o88ene u oee*. In -*e-n e en: 8o* e

*e* o88ene /e, -n u e, -+oe -n - +7-+u+ e*-o, A*-e 4

ou e no oe* u*oe n o *e*-/e en: oe* n e

*ee o8 e en-e 8o* e o88ene, -8 -+oe e*e:. !e *eon8o* - /eneoen -*- o8 A*-e 4 - *e-: -e*n-/e. Wen o o* +o*e

*-+e *e e *eu o8 -ne , e o88ene* - ee+e e e*e*e n

en e o++- - *-+e *u e*e n --n . Ine o8enen-n -+ 8o* e *-+e -neenen: 8*o+ e oe*, e +u u88e* e

+7-+u+ o8 e en: 8o* e +o*e e*-ou one, on e u+-on - -

e *e n e u+ o o8 e e*e en-e 8o* e o88ene. 12 

!e *e>e-on o8 /o o-on e n ee*+-ne e *-+*: *u-n o8 e Cou*,

- -  Hernandez  *e+-n /-n-n o*-ne oe*-n o *o-/- e o+e7-n o8

 

*e/e-on - n: oe* o88ene o++-e on e o-on e*eo8, e-e* +en

nee*: o - o++--on o* n un-nene e88e o8 n --: on-ue

*e/e-on.

!-, oee*, oe no *-e !inis o e e. 'e--one*? u- o* -nnoene - no e*e

-nu-*e -no, +u e >ue. ! - 8o* e *- ou* o o e *oe* -+e. !e

Cou*? *u-n +e*e: *o-e @eHo88 o-n 8o* e -o--on o8 oe* ue-on

*een o e e--one*? o+-n /ou e en- o8 - *- n o e *o*-e: o8e *eou*e e @en.

!e Cou* *ue 8u*e* &/: oe o8 11 o 3 ( e -n8o*+-on 8-e -n e

 e--one* oe -n 8 *e n o88ene. -*e*-n e o/>e-on/e *-n

ou o+e7 *e/e-on - +u*e* n +u-e 8*u*e +u*e*, -n-+en -

o /e *e *-n simple rebellion% !u, -n Hernandez, e Cou* -

In onu-on, e o , under the alle#ations o! the amended in!ormation-n e8ennHen A+o F. #e*nne, e +u*e*, *on n

*o//e*-e e*-/e e*e-n *e mere in#redients  o8 e *-+e o8 *e/e-on

ee: o++-e /: - e8enn, +en nee*: &4( 8o* e

 e*e*-on o8 - o88ene o8 *e/e-on; e *-+e "har#ed   -n e8o*e+en-one +ene -n8o*+-on -, e*e8o*e, -+e *e/e-on, no e

o+e7 *-+e o8 *e/e-on - +u-e +u*e*, *on n *o//e*-e; e

+7-+u+ en: -+o/e une* u *e nno e7ee ee &12(:e* o8 prision mayor  n 8-ne o8 '2#,###; n , -n on8o*+-: - e

 o-: o8 - ou* -n e-n - ue e*on +en/e o -+-*

 un-+en, - e8enn +: /e oe /-.1 3 

!e -n o8 e--one*? oune e - *e - *-+e oe no e7- -n

e ue /oo@, -e en-: o**e o 8* e Cou* *ue *e/e-on

+: no /e o+e7e - oe* o88ene o++-e on e o-on e*eo8, +u

e*e8o*e /e -+-e +e*e 8- o8 *eo*-. Re -n e one7 o8  Hernandez,

e -n8o*+-on oe -nee *e e e--one* - *-+e e8-ne n un-e

 /: e Re-e 'en Coe -+e *e/e-on.

W e e--one* *e -ou o+-n -n /een -n--: 8-e n o*

 *e-+-n*: -ne--on onue !e *eo* o oe*-e, o+-n-n e--one* 8o* -+e *e/e-on 8-e /: e -*eo* o8 e N-on Bu*eu o8

Ine--on, n on e *en o8 - o+-n *e-+-n*: -ne--on

onue /: e *eonen *oeuo*, u+-n-n -n e 8--n o8 e ue-one

-n8o*+-on. 14 !e*e - no-n -ne*en: -**eu* o* on**: o -n 8--n -n

*eonen n -n-+en 8o* n o88ene -88e*en 8*o+ - *e -n e -n--o*:

o+-n, -8 **ne /: e e-ene eeoe u*-n e *e-+-n*: -ne--on.

 

I - o onene e *eonen Jue -ue e **n 8o* e--one*? **e

-ou 8-* personally ee*+-n-n e e7-ene o8 *o//e ue /: e7+-n-n une*

o o* 88-*+-on e o+-nn n - -nee, -n -o-on o8 A*. III, e. 2, o8

e Con-u-on. 15 !- Cou* *e: *ue, oee*, - - no e uno-/e

u: o8 e >ue o +@e u e*on e7+-n-on, - /e-n u88--en e 8oo

e/-e *oeu*e /: personally eu-n e *eo* n e uo*-n ou+en

u/+-e /: e *oeuo*. 16 'e--one* -+ e **n o8 **e -ue /*e:

one ou* n en: +-nue 8e* e e *88e o88 o e *eonen Jue, -

*: e e e* u88--en -+e o e*on: o oe* e ou+-nou *eo* o8 e

 *e-+-n*: -ne--on. 1 Me*e: /eue - *eonen o+e +-

on-e* on: *e-e: /*-e8 e*-o --n - o o+: - u:, -e no

*eon o u+e e no, o* ou no e, o o+-e; no* oe -ne

-*u+ne u88-e o oe*o+e e e *eu+-on o88-- u: /een

*eu*: e*8o*+e.

'e--one* 8-n: -+ e en-e e *- o /-. In e - o8 e Cou*?

*e88-*+-on o8  Hernandez   -/e o e--one*? e, n o8 e o- n

nee*: o*o*: e -n8o*+-on -n -+ ou /e on-e*e *-n

on: e *-+e o8 -+e *e/e-on, - - /-/e /e8o*e on--on, +u no /e

ee o**e *oo--on. Bu e ue-on *e+-n G-en e 8 8*o+ -- e *oe, e--on 8o* habeas "orpus -n - Cou* e *o*-e e-e 8o*

e*-n *- o /- o* -n--n - en-

!e *-+-n e /e8o*e e *eonen Jue e no*+ enue 8o* -no@-n e

 e--one*? *- o e *o--on -/e*: en-n *- n >u+en. !e o*--n >u*---on o *n o* en: /- *ee - - *eonen. !e o**e ou*e 8o*

 e--one* o -no@e >u*---on /: 8--n e--on o /e +-e o /-, -+-n

*- o /- per se /: *eon o8 e e@ne o8 e e-ene -n -+. On: 8e*

*e+e: en-e /: e *- ou* ou e *e-e >u*---on o8 - Cou* e

 /een -no@e, n een en, no -ou 8-* :-n o e Cou* o8 Ae -8

*o*-e *e-e8 o -/e e*e.

Een ene o8 e--one*? *e+-e o-n /: e  Hernandez   *u-n, e

-n8o*+-on *e nonHe7-en *-+e o*, on**-:, eo*--n on e +e /-

- *e +o*e n one o88ene, ou no e7ue o* >u-8: - -+*oe* o-e o8

*e+e-e. "ne* e-e* :oe-, e o/-ou *eou*e ou e /een +o-on o

u /*ou -n e *-+-n -on /e8o*e e *eonen Jue. 1 

!e*e u ee+ o /e no ue-on e *oun uon - e--one*

8oune e *een e--on, ee* ee en -no e u/ne o8 - *e -n

e -n8o*+-on o* -+ue e**o* o* o+--on on e * o8 e *oeu-n ne o* o8 e

*eonen Jue -n e-n - e *e -n -+, e*e o*--n: >u--/e -n

 

e *-+-n e /e8o*e - Jue n ou e /een /*ou u e*e -ne o8

-*e: o - Cou*.

!e*e n - no *eon o u+e e *eou-on o8 n: o8 ee ue-on

 /e:on e /--: o* o+eene o8 e *eonen Jue ) -nee u n u+-on

ou /e e+en-n n e n 8-* o ou* *- ou*; none ee* o o e+ o

 /e o8 u o+e7-: o* *nenen -+o*ne o -u-8: ee*: ou*, e7e

- Cou*, 8*o+ e--n e+; none, -n o* ou >u-8: /:H-n e/-e >u-- *oee e-ne o o*e*: +oe ---on *ou e -e**: o8 ou* ou*.

'*ene-:, - - e *eon /e-n e oe o8 8ou* Me+/e* o8 e Cou* -n

e *n o8 /- o e--one* e -e e *- ou* ou no u /e *e--e:

oue o8 - o*--n >u*---on o *n o* en: /-, n -8 - e**e -n +e*,

en-e n oo*un-: o o**e - e**o*. I +@e no -88e*ene e *eonen

Jue e*e -ue **n o8 **e 8-7-n no /-. I++e+o*- *-e n-on-+: 8oo-n e *oeuo*? *eo++en-on *e*-n /-, ou - +: /e

 e*e-e e /ee* ou*e 8o* e >ue motu proprio o e /- e*-n e*e

- o88ene - *e. 19 I -, -n n: een, -nu+/en on e ue o o+ no

 /- /een *eo++ene o* 8-7e o -+ e *- o /- e*-n n e*e/: u o

 *oo8 e *en o* e@ne o8 e e-ene -n -+.

I - *oo o o-n ou e *een e--on *-e*e *u o - Cou* o8

oe* *-e -n -+-* -u-on, *en: @-n e-* ue 8*o+ -, -*u8u o*

one+uou o8 e e88-: o8 ee@-n *eou*e -n e *eu* +nne* >u ou-ne. !e

 *o-8e*-on o8 u e on: on*-/ue o e e: e e--one* +: e

oe o o- /: o+-n -*e: o - Cou*.

 No on: /eue ou* -ne*e ee+ 8oue on e ouo+e o8 e *een e--on,

 /u o /eue o e Cou*? n o88 - on >u*---on *oun ou on:

o+oun e e: - *e: one *ou, e Cou* no e-e e +e on

e +e*-. Bu -n o o-n, e Cou* nno e7*e oo *on: e -e -

 e--on -ne*-e e o*e*e n o*e*: *o*e-on o8 *oee-n ou e

*e - e *- ou* n *ee - Cou* on: -8 e *e-e8 -e 8o* en-e

 /: e 8o*+e* n, -n *oe* e, /: e Cou* o8 Ae on *e-e.

 

Le - /e +e e*: e* e*e8e* e Cou* - no one* ounenne, /u -

-e o* *-8 o, e -@e e *een, e*: o*H-*u- e >u-- *oe

n /u*en - - e *eou-on o8 -ue *oe*: --n e o*--n o+eene o8 e

oe* ou*.

W u 8* /een e - eu: -/e o n e--e o8 e e--on o8 e

'n--o oue &G.R. No. 92164( - - -*u: -en- o o8 e--one* En*-e

 

-n 8u milieu n - e*e8o*e ee*+-n/e on e +e *-n-e *e: e 8o*.

%- oue e unonee: ee 20  **n o8 **e -ue -n e+

oHue o8 e--one* En*-e -n C*-+-n Ce No. 90H10941, en e: e*e

 /e8o*e NBI -*eo* A8*eo L-+ -n e 8e*noon o8 M* 1, 1990, e: e*e @en -no

uo: n e-ne -ou /- on e *en o8 - **n -n -o-on ) e:

-+ ) o8 e-* on-u-on *-.

I +: /e -n e - o8 one+o**: een, e o8 *e/e-on o u-een-: u-7o- u-: >u-8-e e *e-e en-en: - - - - *e*e

n un-e /: , *eenH: *e/e *e e -+ee /: oe o8 oun*: n /:

u 8o* oe* n e /eo+e no /ee* n +e*e e**o*- o o+ no-n, no een

e n-: o8 u+n -8e, - oe o n -n e : o8 e-* +/--on. No-n o

une*o*e - /e**-on e * o8 ee+-n: enee @--n, /o+/-n,

@-n-n n o*e +:e+ o +u -n e ne ee :, o8en e*e*e-n -nnoen ---n -n e +--*:, /u /: n *e *-/u/e o, o* een

-+e /: oHe *e/e o /e * o8, n ono-n *e/e-on.

I - enou o -e n:one ue ) n e Cou* - no e7e-on ) no een e

*oe *ee o8 ou* - C-: ee+ 8e 8*o+ u une-n -oene --*u-e o8 e u/- ee n :+-e ee*: e88o* n-on eono+- *eoe*:.

!e*e - n *en nee o *e*uu*e e on *e/e-on, e-e* o *-e e en:

e*e8o* o* o e*: e8-ne n e-+- e oe* o88ene o /e on-e*e /o*/e

e*e/:, o - nno /e onen-en: u--e e u+/*e 8o* ee*: o* o8 -e

--: une*@en -n - n+e. !e Cou* no oe* o e88e u ne, 8o* - n

on: -ne**e e - n n: -en -+e, n - neee -e /e:on-ne**e-on. #oe8u:, Con*e - e*e-e e nee 8o* *o+: e--n e

-n---e -n - +e*, - - *oe*: --n - *o-ne.

W#ERE<ORE, e Cou* *e-e*e /e on e o*-ne enun-e -n People $s%

 Hernandez, e ue-one -n8o*+-on 8-e -n e--one* Jun 'one En*-e n e

oue Re/eo n E*-n 'n--o +u /e *e *-n -+e *e/e-on on:,

ene - e--one* *e en-e o /-, /e8o*e 8-n on--on, +e* o8 *-. !e

Cou*? e*-e* *n o8 /- o e--one* /e-n +e*e: *o--on -n *e*, e

 *oee-n -n /o e *e o*e*e REMANE o e *eonen Jue o 8-7 e

+oun o8 /- o /e oe /: e e--one*. One /- - 8-7e /: - *eonen 8o*

n: o8 e e--one*, e o**eon-n /- /on 8-e - - Cou* /eo+e

 !un"tus o!i"io% No *onoune+en o o.

%O ORERE.

Cruz, /an"ay"o n 0e#alado, . , onu*.

Cortes n/ri1o-A2uino, . , *e on ee.

 

 3edialdea, . , onu**-n -n G.R. No. 92164; No * -n G.R. No. 92163.

Se1$r$"e O1inins

FERNAN C .  . , dissentin# and "on"urrin# 

I + on*-ne o *-e - e*e o-n-on on ee+ o /e *-- e*ene o

e 1956 *u-n o8 e Cou*. !e nu+e*ou ene o e o*-ne enun-e -n e

e o8 People $s% Hernandez , 99 '-. 515 &1956( ou one e+on*e e nee o

*ee8-ne e -/--: o8 - o*-ne o o +@e - on8o*+/e - ee n

eHee *-n-e o8 *-+-n n >u*-*uene.

!o +: +-n, e #e*nne o*-ne ou no /e -ne**ee n He+/*-n

uo*-: 8o* e *ue o++on *-+e o++-e on e o-on, o* -n

8u*e*ne o8, o* onne-on -, *e/e-on *e /o*/e /: e e*. !o e7en, I

nno o on - e -e o8 e +>o*-: -n e -nn e #e*nne *e+-n /-n-n o*-ne oe*-n o *o-/- e o+e7-n o8 *e/e-on - n: oe* o88ene

o++-e on e o-on e*eo8, e-e* +en nee*: o - o++--on o* n

un-nene e88e o8 n --: on-ue *e/e-on &. 9, e--on(.

!e #e*nne o*-ne e*e e u*oe 8o* - - -e /: e Cou* -n

1956 u*-n e o++un-H-n-*e *e/e-on o8 e #u@. !e ne -n ou* o-e: -n

e n o8 34 :e* -ne en e 8*H*e-n e88e on e e+/*-n

-/--: o8 e o*-ne on-e*-n e e+e*ene o8 e*n-e +oe o8 e--n

e oe* o8 e u: on-ue Goe*n+en no one+e -n A*-e 134 n 135

o8 e Re-e 'en Coe n e-* oneuen e88e on e -e o8 ou* eoe. !e

o*-ne oo en, /u I /e-ee e*e - e*-n e o8 e #e*nneo*-ne nee *-8--on.

W- ue *ee o e -e o8 +: /*e*en -n e Cou*, I /e-ee e Cou*, -n

e -nn e, ou e 8u*e* on-e*e --n-on /eeen o* o88ene

- *e indispensable -n e o++--on o8 *e/e-on, on e one n, n oe

o* o88ene *e merely ne"essary  /u no -n-en/e -n e o++--on o8

*e/e-on, on e oe*. !e +>o*-: o8 e Cou* - o**e -n o-n, /e- -+-e:,

e -e -n #e*nne e en n o88ene e*e*e nee*: +en o8

o++--n noe*, - - n ee+en o8 e e*, e *eu-n -ne*o@-n *-+e

ou /e on-e*e on: one -+e o88ene n +u /e ee+e ou-e e

oe*-on o8 e o+e7 *-+e *o--on &A*-e 4( o8 e Re-e 'en Coe. A -n

e e o8 #e*nne, e Cou*, oee*, 8-e -n e -nn e o --nu- -

-n-en/e 8*o+ - +e*e: nee*: -n e o++--on o8 n o88ene, *eu-n

u -n e *ue o++on *-+e -@e +u*e*, *on, *o//e*:, e. o++-e -n e

 

ou*e o* on e o-on o8 *e/e-on *e /o*/e o* -nue -n e e* ee+en

e*eo8.

!e *eene o8 e --n-on - -n-8-n, +o*e *-u*:, -8 -e o

one+o*neou een en-n -n ou* oun*: o:. !eo*e-:, *-+e - -

-n-en/e -n e o++--on o8 noe* +u nee*-: /e n ee+en o8 e e*;

 /u *-+e - +e*e: nee*: /u no -n-en/e -n e o++--on o8 noe* -

no n ee+en o8 e e*, n -8 n en u: o++-e, /*-n e -ne*o@-n*-+e --n e oe*-on o8 e o+e7 *-+e *o--on &A*. 4( o8 e Re-e 'en

Coe. W- --n-on, o++on *-+e o++-e -n Goe*n+en 8o*e n

 *oe*: -n e ou*e o8 *e/e-on *e *oe*: on-e*e -n-en/e oe* o8

*e/e-on n *e o-: /o*/e -n - -*u -n*e-en o* ee+en e*eo8, /u

o++on *-+e o++-e -n e ---n ou-on -n e ou*e o* on e

o-on o8 *e/e-on n -n 8u*e*ne e*eo8, +: /e nee*: /u no -n-en/e-n o++--n e e*, n +:, e*e8o*e, no /e on-e*e ee+en o8 e -

*-+e o8 *e/e-on. !o -u*e, e e ou**-n u*-n *+e on8*on-on o*

e /eeen oe*n+en 8o*e n e *e/e *e /o*/e -n e *e/e-on, n

ou /e oe *eu-n 8*o+ e /o+/-n o8 +--*: + n -n-on, ee

*e -n-en/e -n **:-n ou e *e/e-on. Bu e-/e*e: oo-n on n

un*+e -nnoen ---n o -n- 8e* o* *ee o +on e eoe, ou one-n e 8u*e*ne o8 e *e/e-on, ou no /e /o*/e -n e *-+e o8 *e/e-on e

8eon-ou - +e*e: nee*:, /u no -n-en/e. In e e* e, A*-e 4 o8

e Re-e 'en Coe ou :.

!e ou**ene o8 ou ?e -n ou* oun*: +oe o8 e--n e oe* o8 eu:Hon-ue oe*n+en /: -n u**-e @ o* ou:-n ene* o8 oe*,

o8 - - Cou* ou @e >u-- no-e, -n*oue ne -+en-on o e

-ne**e-on o8 e *o--on on *e/e-on n -nu**e-on -n e Re-e 'en Coe.

Gene*:, , +oe o8 e--n e oe* o8 e u:Hon-ue oe*n+en, - 8

--n e one+-on o8 *e/e-on une* e Re-e 'en Coe, /u, *-:

on*ue, ou ?e e* e - /: -e8. !e +nne* o8 - e7eu-on n ee7en n +n-ue o8 - e88e on e -e o8 e eoe --nu- ou ?e

8*o+ e *--on e8-n--on n +oe o8 o++--on e /: e Re-e 'en

Coe o e *-+e o8 *e/e-on -e /: e Cou* o e o++un-H-n-*e

*e/e-on o8 e 1950?. A ou ?e +: /e e7eue ue8u: -ou -

 e*e*o* *eo*-n o e o++--on o8 oe* e*-ou *-+e u +u*e*, *on,

@-n-n, *o//e*:, e. /eue o8 e ee+en o8 u**-e n e *e-e -+-n o8 -e7eu-on. In e7*e+e e e*e +u*e*, *on, *o//e*:, n oe* o++on *-+e *e

o++-e on e o-on o8 ou ?e, e --n-on *e8e**e o /oe on -

nee*: n - -n-en/e -n e o++--on o8 e ou ?e ou /e

 -n@-n: on-e*e e Cou* ou e one -n e e o8 e*e-n e--one*.

 

I onu* -n e *eu -no8* e oe* -ue *e *eoe /: e Cou* /u I @e

e7e-on o e oe o8 e +>o*-: on e /*o --on o8 e #e*nne o*-ne.

MELENCIO6HERRERA  . , "on"urrin# and dissentin# 

I >o-n +: oeue -n o-n e Hernandez o*-ne, - /een - u 8o*

e *ee ee, *e+-n oo n, u, ou *e+-n un-u*/e, e-e

 e*-o- ene o - , -*on-:, e on: e*e o *enen -

 *onoune+en.

 

I @e e7e-on o e -e, oee*, habeas "orpus  no e *oe* *e+e:.

# e In8o*+-on 8-e /eo *e +e*e: e -+e *-+e o8 Re/e-on,

 *oo--on ou e /een u-/e. Bu In8o*+-on *e Re/e-on

o+e7e - Mu*e* n Mu-e <*u*e Mu*e*, *-+e - oe no e7- -n

ou* ue /oo@. !e *e o/-ou: -nene o +@e e en: 8o* e +o

e*-ou o88ene -n - +7-+u+ e*-o -+o/e uon e o88ene* u*un o A*-e

4 o8 e Re-e 'en Coe. !u, no /- *eo++ene -n e In8o*+-on no* n: *e*-/e -n e W**n o8 A**e -ue /: e !*- Cou*.

"ne* e enn -*u+ne, e*e8o*e, o e 8-e Mo-on o Du /e8o*e e

oe* Cou* ou no e /*ou /ou e ee: *e-e8 8*o+ un8u *e*-n

 e--one* ee@-n. u*-n e enen: o8 - Mo-on /e8o*e e oe* Cou*, e--one* ou e on-nue o nu- -n een-on. Be-e, e W*- o8  Habeas

Corpus +: - -ue een -8 noe* *e+e:, - - e e88e-e, +: /e -e o8

&Ce $s% Cou* o8 Ae, 24 %CRA 663(.

I - *ue habeas "orpus ou o*-n*-: no -e en e*on - une* uo: /:

-*ue o8 *oe -ue /: Cou*. !e Cou*, oee*, +u e >u*---on o -ue

e *oe. In - e, e Cou* /eo +u /e ee+e o e /een oue o8

 >u*---on en - -e: u*-e e--one*? -/e*:.  Habeas "orpus  - u

-/e.

!e *- o8 /e o*u - -/e o *e-ee e*on 8*o+ un8u *e*-n.Bu e*e e een-on o* on8-ne+en - e *eu o8 *oe -ue /: e

ou* o* >ue o* /: -*ue o8 >u+en o* enene, e *- o*-n*-: nno

 /e -e o8. &t may still be in$o'ed thou#h i! the pro"ess, (ud#ment or senten"e pro"eeded !rom a "ourt or tribunal the (urisdi"tion o! whi"h may be assailed%

 E$en i! it had authority to a"t at the outset, it is now the pre$ailin# do"trine that

a depri$ation o! "onstitutional ri#ht, i! shown to eist, would oust it o! (urisdi"tion% &n su"h a "ase, /e o*u "ould be relied upon to re#ain one)s

liberty &Ceee $s% 'eoe, 31 %CRA 391( [E+- ou*].

 

!e 'e--on 8o* habeas "orpus  *e-e: *e+-e on e -o-on o8 e--one*?

on-u-on *- o /- -n+u *e/e-on, une* e *een e o8 e , -

 /-/e o88ene n e *-+e 8o* - e--one* n ue o8 n 8o* - e

en-e /- - nonHe7-en -n .

W-e --n ou, *ue, en e e o8 e >u-- e*, no-n ou

o - Cou* 8*o+ @-n on-ne o8 e--on /*ou /e8o*e - *--n u*en

on-u-on -ue, n: *oeu* 8 no-n-n.

!e *ue on habeas "orpus *e o /e -/e*: on*ue &Gn: . Du-en,

42 '-. 05(, e *- o8 habeas "orpus /e-n e 8un+en -n*u+en 8o*8eu*-n -n--u 8*eeo+ -n */-**: n e e -on. !e

oe n 8e7-/--: o8 e *- ) - -: o *e +nne* o8 -e

een-on ) its ability to "ut throu#h barriers o! !orm and pro"edural mazes )

e : /een e+-e n >eou: u*e /: ou* n +@e*&Gu+/on . -*eo* o8 Bu*eu o8 '*-on, 3 %CRA 420( [e+- ou*].

!e *o-8e*-on o8 e -n - Cou*, - 8ooe -n e @e o8 - 'e--on,

 /*ou /ou /: e -n-ene o8 e *oeu-on o *e e *-+e o8 Re/e-on

o+e7e - oe* o++on o88ene no-n-n e 8 - Cou* no

:e *ue on e --: o8 *e n *ne *o--on -/e*: o e--one*.

I8, -nee, - - e-*e o +@e e *-+e o8 Re/e-on - o88ene &no un-/e

 /: *eu-on e*eu(, e *e+e: -n e--on. Bu A*-e 142HA * ! "#e Re7ised

Pen$% Cde $%ng 8i"# P.D. N. 9:; 8ere re1e$%ed !r <eing =re1ressi7e= < EO

N. *>? n @ June *9>?. EO *>? !ur"#er e1%i2i"% 1r7ided "#$" Ar"i2%e *,: ($nd

"#ers enuer$"ed3 ! "#e Re7ised Pen$% Cde 8$s =res"red " i"s !u%% !r2e $nd

e!!e2" $s i" eis"ed <e!re s$id $end$"r de2rees.= H$7ing <een s re1e$%ed "#is

Cur" is <ere!" ! 18er " %egis%$"e in" eis"en2e under "#e guise ! re6e$ining $

se""%ed d2"rine $ =2re$"ure unn8n in %$8= "#e 21%e 2rie ! Re<e%%in

8i"# Murder.

!e *e+n o8 e e o e oe* Cou* 8o* 8u*e* *oee-n - -n o*e*. !e W*- o8 Habeas Corpus  e*e - u*oe.

FELICIANO  . , "on"urrin# and dissentin# 

I onu* -n e *eu *ee /: e +>o*-: o8 e Cou*.

I /e-ee e*e *e e*-n e o8 e  Hernandez   o*-ne , n /*

ue-on o8 , ou n *eHe7+-n-on o* *-8--on. I e -n +-n -n *-u*

+e* u e o**e o* *o*-e *e-on- /eeen A*-e 134 n A*-e

135 o8 e Re-e 'en Coe. !- - +e* - *ee o e e one o8

*e/e-on -n ou* e :e+. I8 one e7+-ne e u e*+ o8 A*-e 134 &en-e

 

Re/e-on o* Inu**e-on ) #o Co++-e(, - ou e* - A*-e

e-8-e /o e o$ert a"ts n e "riminal purpose -, en u oee*, ou

on-ue e o88ene o8 *e/e-on. !u, A*-e 134 e e *-+e o8 *e/e-on -

o++-e /: *--n u/-: n @-n *+ -n e Goe*n+en ) &-.e., e oe*

o+*--n *e/e-on(, 8o* e u*oe o8 &-. e., e e-8- *-+-n -nen o*

 o-- o/>e-e( *e+o-n 8*o+ e e-ne o - oe*n+en o* - e

e**-o*: o8 e Reu/- o8 e '---ne o* n: * e*eo8, o* n: /o: o8 n, n

o* oe* *+e 8o*e, o* e*--n e C-e8 E7eu-e o* e Le-u*e, o: o*

 *-:, o8 e-* oe* o* *e*o-e. A e +e -+e, A*-e 135 &en-e

'en: 8o* Re/e-on o* Inu**e-on.( e ou --n o8 o* *-u* +eu*e

- e* o 8 une* e *u/*- o8 *e/e-on o* -nu**e-on en-n -n *

-n e 8o*e o8 e Goe*n+en, e*o:-n *oe*: o* o++--n e*-ou

-oene, e7-n on*-/u-on o* -e*-n u/- 8un 8*o+ e 8u u*oe 8o*

- e: e /een *o*-e. A*e ee +o--e o8 *e/e-on #enerally4 O* *e

e: *-u* +oe /: - oe o  promote  [ ] , maintain  [ ] o* head   [ ] a

rebellion or insurre"tion o++- *e/e-on, o* *-u* +oe o8 *---on -n

*e/e-on /: publi" o!!i"ers or employees4 Ce*:, e oe o8 e e one o8

*e/e-on *ee o e --n-on /eeen, on e one n, e -n-en/e o*

-n*e-en o8 e *-+e o8 *e/e-on une* e Re-e 'en Coe n, on e oe*n, -88e*-n o-on +oe o8 ee@-n o **: ou e o-- o* o- o/>e-e o8

e *e/e-on o* -nu**e-on.

!e -88-u: - one *-e /: n: e88o* o e7+-ne one +o*e een e /oe

*eo ue-on - e *eu o8 u *eHe7+-n-on +: e /e -

une* e  Hernandez   o*-ne *e /o*/e -no *e/e-on, +: /e *e*-e

e*e o* -*ee o88ene -, +e* o8 , n e-e* /e *oeuee*e: 8*o+ *e/e-on o* *oeue une* e *o--on o8 A*-e 4 o8 e Re-e

'en Coe, - &/o Cue 1 n Cue 2 e*eo8( e*: en-e e e7-ene o8

e o &2( --n o88ene. !o *e u onu-on -n e e /*, ou,

8* I n ee, *eu -n o--n - e 8un+en nonH*e*o--: *-n-e

&A*-e 4, C-- Coe; A*-e 22, Re-e 'en Coe; /o -n *e-on o A*-e , C--

Coe(.

!e nonH*e*o--: *ue -e o ue *-n-:. Bu, ue o no e7- -n e

/* /u *e* /e* uon e -e o8 eoe - e e-8- 8o*+ -en e+ /:

 >u-- e--on -ne**e-n e-* no*+. Ju-- e--on on*u-n uo*: no*+

-e e-8- e n onen o u no*+. In -+e, e uo*: no*+ /eo+een*ue - e oe e uon e+ /: e ou* n e oe /eo+e

-ne* - e no*+ &C8. Ce7 . 'o+*, 1 %CRA 24 [1966](. !u, -e -n

e eo*:, >u-- -ne**e-on o8 ue /eo+e * o8 e o8 e e

e o*--n: ene, I /e-ee - eo*: - no o /e -e *-o*ou: e*e

ne >u-- o*-ne - nnoune, -n *-u* one oe**u-n *e-ou e7--n

o*-ne o8 on n-n &e*e, 36 :e*( n +o e-: no e*e e ue

 

on*ue - *-+-n -n nu*e n e ne o*-ne - +o*e one*ou 8o* e ue n

e *eHe7--n one &'eoe . J/-n, 55 %CRA 60 [194]; 'eoe . L-e*, 65 %CRA

20 [195]; Gu+/on . -*eo* o8 '*-on, 3 %CRA 420 [191](. Mo*eoe*, e nonH

*e*o--: *ue ee* -n *ee o8 e--e o* >u-- e--on

on-u-on -+--on. !e *e--n *ue -n e "n-e %e - >u--

e--on *e*o-e: *ene* n *-+-n o* enne e ee*-: o8 e en:

 *e*-/e 8o* n o88ene, - une*/e o on-u-on ene /e uon e *ue

-n e post !a"to  n e ue *oe ue &Bou-e . C-: o8 Cou+/-, 3 "%

34, 12 L. E. 2 94 [1964]; M*@ . ".%., 43 "% 1, 51 L. E. 2 260 [19];

e-ne . Ne Me7-o e*+en o8 Co**e-on, 66 <. 2 339 [199](.

I - u*e /: e %o--o* Gene* e nonH*e*o--: *-n-e oe no *een

n: *e *o/e+ 8o* e *eon e Hernandez  o*-ne /e uon A*-e 4,

eon ue, o8 e Re-e 'en Coe n no uon e 8-* ue e*eo8, -e - - *e-e: e 8-* ue o8 A*-e 4 e Goe*n+en e*e -no@e. I -, oee*,

oen o e*-ou ou/ ee*  Hernandez   n *eon/: /e o -+: n *:

*e*-e. An u+-n e Hernandez  ou /e o *e*-e, u/euen e

*e8e* o e Hernandez  o*-ne -n e*+ - o no --nu- e*: /eeen e

8-* ue n e eon ue o8 A*-e 4 &e.., 'eoe . Ge*on-+o, 100 '-. 90

[1956]; 'eoe . Ro*-ue, 10 '-. 659 [1960](. !u, - e* o +e e*-- ue-on ou /e ee* +n o8 o*-n*: -ne-ene ou e nee*-:

*e o* une*oo e Hernandez  o*-ne *e8e**-n e7u-e: o A*-e 4, eon

ue. 'u -n -: -88e*en e*+, e -+o*n ue-on ou /e ee* e ne

o*-ne e*e *ooe /: e Goe*n+en ou 8-*: e /een e*-e /: +n o8

e*e -ne-ene &o* oune o8 e*e o+eene -n e ( 8*o+ n e7+-n-on

o8 A*-e 134 n 135 o8 e Re-e 'en Coe -ne**ee /: e Cou* -n e

 Hernandez  n u/euen e. !o 8o*+ue e ue-on -n ee e*+ ou +o

 /e o o+e ne-e ne*, ee-: -n -e o8 e onu-on *ee /: e

Cou* n - ee* Me+/e* o:.

 

<-n:, e*e e* o /e no ue-on e ne o*-ne e Goe*n+en ou

e u -oe* 8o* e 8-* -+e -ne e *o+u-on o8 e Re-e 'en Coe -n

1932, ou /e +o*e one*ou 8o* e *eonen ue n e -+e --on o8

e Hernandez  o*-ne +u*e* - e /een o++-e on e o-on o8 n

-n 8u*e*ne o8 e *-+e o8 *e/e-on +u /e ee+e /o*/e -n e o88ene o8 -+e

*e/e-on.

I *ee e*e8o*e e -n8o*+-on -n - e +u /e -ee *-n on: e

*-+e o8 -+e *e/e-on.

GUTIERREZ JR.  . , "on"urrin# 

 

I >o-n e Cou*? e--on o *n e e--on. In *e-e*-n e *ue une* e7--n

*e/e-on +: no /e o+e7e - +u*e*, e Cou* e+-e - nno

e-e ne *-+e -no e7-ene no* *e*-/e en: 8o* - o++--on. !

8un-on - e7u-e: 8o* Con*e.

I *-e - e*e o-n-on o +@e e* o I -e e*-n -ue *--n 8*o+ ee

e, ee-: on o e e8e-e -n8o*+-on 8-e /: e *oeuo* ou e

 /een *ee.

I *ee - e onene e--on 8o* /e o*u - o*-n*-: no e *oe*

 *oeu*e o e* e *- o /-. "ne* e e- -*u+ne o8 - e,

oee*, e e--one* no oe* *eou*e. !e: o o+e o u.

<-*, e *- ou* e*-n: *e o8 e e--on -n 'eoe . #e*nne, 99 '-.515 &1956( e*e - no u *-+e -n ou* ue /oo@ *e/e-on o+e7e -

+u*e*, +u*e* o++-e -n onne-on - *e/e-on - /o*/e /: e *-+e o8

*e/e-on, n *eo* o *+ *eu-n -n e e*u-on o8 -8e o* *oe*:

on-ue ne-e* o o* +o*e o88ene no* o+e7 *-+e /u one *-+e *e/e-on

 u*e n -+e.

%eon,  Hernandez   /een e 8o* 34 :e*. I /een *e-e*e -n eu:

en-on e. A :e* n een uen *e *e o8 e o*-ne. Ae+

o e e o*-ne *eHe7+-ne e /een on-en: *e>ee /: - Cou*.

!-*, '*e-en M*o *ou e ue o8 - en e--e oe*, -ue '*e.

e*ee 942, e*e/: -n-n e ne *-+e o8 *e/e-on o+e7e - o88ene -@e+u*e* e*e *e* en-e *e -+oe /: . #oee*, '*e-en Au-no u-n e*

en e--e oe* e7*e: *eee ' 942 /: -u-n E7e. O*e* 1. %e

e*e/: e*e e *-+e o8 *e/e-on o+e7e - +u*e* n +e - e* e

 Hernandez  o*-ne *e+-n e on*o-n *ue. !e *oeu-on no e7-ne :

- -n- on *eu**e-n n o88ene e7*e: -e ou /: e '*e-en. !e

 *oeu-on, -n e88e, ue-on e -on o8 e '*e-en -n *ee-n *e*e-e

e*ee, e*ee -, o*-n o e *ee o*e*, - -o-e o8 u+n *-.

<ou*, n: *eHe7+-n-on o8 e #e*nne o*-ne /*-n e e7 o 8o *-n-e

-no e -u*e. e--on o8 - Cou* 8o*+ * o8 ou* e :e+. Een -8 e e*e

*e/e-on +: /e o+e7e - +u*e*, ou* e*-on n no /e +e*e*o-e e*e e e88e - o -+*-on e*on 8o* *-+e - - no e7- un-

e %u*e+e Cou* *ee*e -e8.

An 8-8, e e+ o --nu- - e 8*o+ e Hernandez  e /: *e-n

e @--n *e -n e -n8o*+-on e*e o++-e on e o-on o8, /u no

nee*: +en 8o*, e o++--on o8 *e/e-on *eu -n oun- oneuene n

 

-no*e e /- nu*e o8 *e/e-on. !u, une* e *oeu-on eo*: /o+/ *oe

on '!FH4 - @- oe*n+en *ooe* *eu -n -+e *e/e-on /eue e -

nee*: +en o +@e e *e/e-on uee. #oee*, -8 e +e /o+/ o @-

o+e ---n -n e ne-/o*oo, e *o-n o8 e /o+/ /eo+e *e/e-on

o+e7e - +u*e* /eue e @--n o8 ---n - no nee*: 8o* e ue o8

*e/e-on n, e*e8o*e, e @--n *e on: on e o-on o8 /u no nee*:

+en 8o* e o++--on o8 *e/e-on.

!- *u+en - ue*-e.

!e *-+e o8 *e/e-on on- o8 +n: . !e *o-n o8 one /o+/ nno /e

-oe e*e *-+e o8 *e/e-on. Ne-e* ou e *o-n o8 one un*e

 /o+/ o* e 8-*-n o8 oun o8 +-ne un /ue /e /*o@en u -no un*e o*

oun o8 e*e o88ene, -8 e /o+/ o* e /ue en o *eu -n e

e*u-on o8 -8e n *oe*:. !e +e nno /e un-/e /: e*e en-e

een-n on *-@e e 8n: o8 *oeuo* ) un-+en 8o* e @--n o8

o-e* o* *e*-/u-on 8o* e e o8 ---n. !e *oeu-on o oe - o8 e

*e*e/e 8 -n o * n -n *e/e-on e @--n o8 ---n, e :-n e

o8 ---n eono+-e, e +*e o8 -nnoen eoe, e /o-n u o8 ene*-*ne, n oe* o8 e**o*-+ *e ue /: oe ene -n *e/e-on. We

nno n ou no *: o e*-n e -nen o8 *e/e 8o* e -ne une e

- -n: no onnee o e *e/e-on. We nno ue A*-e 4 o8 e Re-e 'en

Coe -n -eu o8 -HoH/eHene e--on. !e @--n o8 ---n u*-n *e/e @

on +--*: 8---e 8u*e* e *e/e-on n - * o8 e *e/e-on.

!e *- ou* e*-n: *e o8 e /oe on-e*-on. I nno une*n: e *- Jue -ue e **n o8 **e - eo*-: e e*e-n e

ue was not entitled to bail . !e e--one* o+ee o o+e o u o e ou

no /e **ee without bail  8o* non H e7-en *-+e. !e *- ou* 8o*o o : n

e/-e o*-ne o8 e %u*e+e Cou*. Wo*e, - -ue **n - *ee*e 34

:e* o8 e/-e *oeu*e /e on eH@non %u*e+e Cou* *u-n.

A ou* ou *e+e+/e* e: 8o*+ * o8 n -neenen >u-- :e+; e:

o no /eon o e *oeu-on e*-e. A ou* ou nee* : -no e n o8 e

 *oeu-on n /-n: o+: - - e**oneou +n-8e-on. <e - n

-n8o*+-on *-n +n-8e: nonHe7-en *-+e, e duty o! a trial "ourt is to throw

it out . O*, e e*: e n e*e o-/e, +@e - on8o*+ o e .

A oe* ou* nno *eHe7+-ne n *ee*e e--on o8 e %u*e+e Cou* ee-:

e--on on-en: 8ooe 8o* 34 :e*. We*e Jue -*ee - %u*e+e

Cou* *u-n, e - 8*ee o e7*e - *ee*-on -n e /o: o8 - e--on, o*e*, o*

*eou-on. #oee*, n: >u+en e *ene*, n: o*e* e *e*-/e, n n:

 *oee e -ue must !ollow the Supreme Court pre"edent . A *- ou* no

 

 >u*---on o *ee*e o* -no*e *eeen o8 e %u*e+e Cou*. In - *-u* e,

- ou e /een e %o--o* Gene* o+-n o - Cou* o ue-on e oe*

ou*? *e>e-on o8 e --on 8o* **n o8 **e -ou /-. I ou e /een

e %o--o*HGene* *oo@-n e -ue o8 *eHe7+-n-on -ne o8 e e--one*

@-n o /e 8*ee 8*o+ e-* **e 8o* nonHe7-en *-+e.

!e *-n-e /e* *ee-n

Reonen Cou* o8 Ae *e: eo- o8 n: o-e . I ouno e *ue -n n: oe* : on e e ue-on *-e. !- !*-/un

-n o@en, - u: o o/e:. I - -+e . !e*e - *eene o

- e7e* 8*o+ B**e* . B**e*. &LH3159, Ju: 31, 190, 34 %CRA 9(!e e-e @ o8 e*-n-n e -n-8-ne e o on-u-on

o* uo*: *o--on, n e7eu-e o*e*, *oeu* no*+ o* +un--

o*-nne - o++-e o e >u--*:. I u -*e *oe no e *u-n e*-n-n o e oe* o e*+en -n e +-nenne o8 e

*ue o8 . !o u*e /--: -n e *e-on n o- on8u-on, - o

e@ - one o-e. I oe o - 8-n-:, o-: n *-:, *ou e

-e >u-- o*n, - Cou*. W - : en ou /e e8-n--e nuo*--e, /-n-n on oe ou:-n e oe* *n@ -n e >u--

-e**:. !e: e o e8e* n o u/+-.? &I/-, 10. !e o-n-on o8 Ju-e

Lu*e -n 'eoe . Fe*, 65 '-. 56 [193] -e(. !e enu-n **o8 e o-n-on -n B**e* 8u*e* e+-e e o-n %u ou

*e-e*e -n n o-n-on o8 Ju-e J.B.L. Re:e n 8u*e* e+-e -n ee

o* Jue Guen-o Co*-/e nee no /e *e+-ne e %u*e+eCou*, /: *--on n -n ou* :e+ o8 >u-- +-n-*-on, e

o* on e -; - - e 8-n */-e* o8 n: >u-8-/e on*oe*:.

!e*e - on: one %u*e+e Cou* 8*o+ oe e--on oe* ou* ou@e e-* /e*-n.? &I/-. Ju-e J.B.L. Re:e o@e u -n A/e* . Cou* o8

<-* Inne o8 Mn- &B*. FI(, LH26364, M: 29, 196, 23 %CRA 94, 961.

&!ue . Cou* o8 Ae, 5 %CRA 226 [19]. %ee o A/e* . Cou* o8

<-* Inne, 23 %CRA 94 [196] n F-*HJen %--n n M*-ne %e*-e,In. . NLRC, 125 %CRA 5 [193](.

I 8-n e -u-on -n Spouses Panlilio $% Prose"utors Fernando de 5eon, et al . een +o*e

-ne7-/e. In e e o8 e 'n--o, n: *o//e ue o o++- e nonHe7-en

*-+e o8 *e/e-on o+e7e - +u*e* e7- on: -n e +-n o8 e *oeuo*, no

-n e *eo* o8 e e.

I e one oe* e *eo* n e-n 8u*n-e o e +e+/e* o8 e %u*e+e

Cou*. I -ene -nen: o e o* *u+en u*-n e e*-n n - u-e

*en e on-u-on *eu-*e+en o8 *o//e ue no -8-e. In 8,-n ne* o +: ue*: 8o* n: oe* *oo8 o uo* e -une o8 **n o8 **e,

e ne* that the e$iden"e would be submitted in due time o e *- ou*.

 

!e oue 'n--o n one *en e /een -n e *eu*n /u-ne 8o* ee.

"ne* e *eo* o8 ee e--on, n: *eu*n one* o* oe +ne* o e*e

8oo o *e/e - oHon-*o* -n e *e/e-on. !e /u*-: o8 - *oo--on -

*en -8 e /e* -n +-n *e/e *-e -n /ue n >eene:, e +e -n *u*

oue en +e-+e 8-n e+ -n e --n-:, >o-n e-n, 8-e, n oe*

 *-e, : /@e/ - /**-o :ou, en +e n u* e*-e n

oe*-e +-7 - eoe -n *-ou e*-n. Een -8 e o *eon-e e+ o /e

*e/e n 8- o oo e+ :, - oe no nee*-: 8oo e 8o*+e* *e oH

on-*o* -n *e/e-on.

 

!e on: /- 8o* *o//e ue on /: e *eo* o8 e 'n--o e - e ee

8 e e--one* e*e 8oo o *e/e e En*-e oueo n oe

ue*-o* @e o o* *ee o8 e -e*, -ou *eon, o o on -on. Ce*:,

+u, +u *one* o-n o8 *o//e ue +u /e on.

In Salon#a $% Cruz Pa1o, 134 %CRA 43 &195(, en %eno* %on *e

on-*o* -n e e-nou /o+/-n o8 -nnoen ---n /eue e +n o ne

e /o+/ , o+e-+e e*-e*, e*e -n *ou oo* @en u*-n /-*: *: -n e "n-e %e - e %eno* n oe* ue. I e o8 on-*:

 *oe *ou *ou -u*e. #e*e, - - e o8 on-*: ou o *oe *ou

e e*-n o8 8oo.

!e Cou* -n Salon#a stressed 

!e u*oe o8 *e-+-n*: -ne--on - o eu*e e -nnoen -n

:, +--ou n o*e-e *oeu-on, n o *oe -+ 8*o+ n oenn u/- u-on o8 *-+e, 8*o+ e *ou/e, e7ene n n7-e: o8

 u/- *-, n o o *oe e e 8*o+ uee n e7en-e *-.

&!*o-o . Mn, 11 %CRA 241; --n #-+n . Bonn, 1 '-. 216(. !e*- o *e-+-n*: -ne--on - uo*: *n, n o -o - ou

 /e o *n*e on-u-on ue *oe. &%ee 'eoe . On, 25 %CRA

2( #oee*, -n o*e* o -8: e ue *oe ue - - no enou e

 *e-+-n*: -ne--on - onue -n e ene o8 +@-n u*e *n*eo* no ee - -+un-:. A *e-+-n*: -ne--on e*e

no on: e u*oe o8 e %e. Mo*e -+o*n, - - * o8 e u*nee

o8 8*eeo+ n 8-* : - *e /-**- o8 o -e -n ou* oun*:. I-, e*e8o*e, -+e*-e uon e 8- o* e >ue e e +: /e, o

*e-ee e ue 8*o+ e -n o8 o-n *ou *- one - - e*-ne

e e-ene - -nu88--en o u-n *-+ 8-e e o* no *o//eue e7- o 8o*+ u88--en /e-e8 o e u- o8 e ue. Aou

e*e - no ene* 8o*+u o* 8-7e *ue 8o* e ee*+-n-on o8 *o//e ue

-ne e +e +u /e e-e -n e - o8 e on--on o/-n-n -n -en

-u-on n - e7-ene een o *e e*ee uon e 8-n-n o*

 

o-n-on o8 e >ue onu-n e e7+-n-on, u 8-n-n ou no

-*e* e 8 /e8o*e e >ue no* *un oune* o e e* -e o8

*eon &%ee L Ce+-e Loe, %.A. . <e*nne, 129 %CRA 391(. !e >ueo* 8-, e*e8o*e, ou no o on - e *oeu-on -n e oe o+e

*e-/e e-ene +- e* u*n u u*-n *- 8o* - ou /e 8*n

-o-on o8 /- *- - e ou* *e *ee o uo. I /e**ee-n e >u--*: -e u o - +--on /: ---n n no

en-*-n on-u-on *-. %o - /een /e8o*e. I ou on-nue o /e

o. &-., . 461H462(

Beue o8 e 8o*eo-n, I @e e7e-on o * o8 e onen- - - *e e

-n8o*+-on *-n -+e *e/e-on. !- e - no *-e 8*o+ -nnoen e**o*. I8

n -n8o*+-on *e +u*e* /u - onen o on: e -n*e-en o8 o+--e, e

Jue +: *-: *e - *-n o+--e. In ee e, oee*, e*e -

e-/e*e e+ o *e e e--one* 8o* n o88ene - - Cou* *ue nonHe7-en. !e *oeu-on ne  Hernandez  o /e *ee*e. %-ne e *oeu-on

8-e -n8o*+-on 8o* *-+e -, une* ou* *u-n, oe no e7-, oe

-n8o*+-on ou /e *ee nu n o-. Ne -n8o*+-on *-n e o**e

o88ene ou /e 8-e. An -n G.R. No. 92164, n e7* e88o* ou /e +e o ee

ee* o* no e *-n-e -n Salon#a $% Cruz Pa1o, e . & supra( /een -oe.

!e Cou* - no, -n n: :, *een-n e Goe*n+en 8*o+ u-n +o*e e88e-e

eon o u*e *e/e-on. I8 e Goe*n+en 8ee e u**en -u-on 8o*

e -+o--on o8 +o*e ee*e en-e -@e e o* e *e-on o8 ne *-+e -@e

*e/e-on o+e7e - +u*e*, e *e+e: - - Con*e, no e ou*.

I, e*e8o*e, oe o GRAN! e e--on n o ORER e *eonen ou* oI%MI%% e o- -n8o*+-on 8o* none7-en *-+e.

PADILLA  . , "on"urrin# and dissentin# 

I onu* -n e +>o*-: o-n-on -no8* - o e *u-n -n  People $s%

 Hernandez , 99 '-. 515 *e+-n /-n-n o*-ne oe*-n o *o-/- e o+e7-no8 *e/e-on - n: oe* o88ene o++-e on e o-on e*eo8, e-e* +en

nee*: o - o++--on o* n un-nene e88e o8 n --: on-ue

*e/e-on.

I -en, oee*, 8*o+ e +>o*-: o-n-on -no8* - o e -n8o*+-on -n

ue-on, -e *-n e o+e7 *-+e o8 *e/e-on - +u*e* n +u-e

8*u*e +u*e*, is to be read as "har#in# simple rebellion.

!e *een e *e o /e --nu-e 8*o+ e  Hernandez  e -n e one &1(

+e*- *ee. In e  Hernandez   e, - Cou* on8*one - n appealed

"ase, -.e., #e*nne /een on-e /: e *- ou* o8 e o+e7 *-+e o8

 

*e/e-on - +u*e*, *on n *o//e*:, n - e o /e *eee on /- /e8o*e e

%u*e+e Cou*, en-n e, e /-* o e no ee/*e Hernandez  o*-ne

e *-+e o8 *e/e-on o+e7e - +u*e*, *on n *o//e*: oe no e7-. In e

 *een e, on e oe* n, e Cou* - on8*one - n ori#inal "ase, -.e., e*e

n -n8o*+-on /een *een: 8-e -n e *- ou* n e e--one* e no een

 ee e*eo.

<u*e*+o*e, e %u*e+e Cou*, -n e Hernandez  e, *ounH/*e@-n on e-ue o8 ee* *e/e-on n /e o+e7e - +u*e*, *on, *o//e*:, e. In e

 *een e, on e oe* n, e *oeu-on n e oe* ou*, no on: e

 Hernandez  o*-ne &as "ase law(, /u E7eu-e O*e* No. 1 o8 '*e-en Co*on C.

Au-no e 5 June 19 &as statutory law( o /-n e+ o e e *oo--on the

"rime o! rebellion "ompleed with murder, and multiple !rustrated murder does not eist .

An :e, no-n-n ee unmista'able and "ontrollin#  /eon - ) /en

en - Cou* - on e  Hernandez  o*-ne ) e *oeu-on -n-e -n

8--n, n e oe* ou* e*-e -n e*-n, n -n8o*+-on *-n e

 e--one* - *e/e-on o+e7e - +u*e* n +u-e 8*u*e +u*e*. That

in!ormation is "learly a nullity and plainly $oid ab initio. I e ou no /e oeo u*8e. A nu-: -n u/n-e , - *e no-n; - -en *-e o no-n.

!e * *n o8 **e -ue u*un e*eo *e nu n o- e -n8o*+-on on

- e: *e no*e. An, -ne e en-*e ue-on o8 e -n8o*+-on? --: -

 /e8o*e e Cou* -n ee /e o*u e, I enu*e o : e -n8o*+-on -

 !atally de!e"ti$e, een une* *oeu* , /eue - *e +o*e n one &1( o88ene

&%e. 13, Rue 110, Rue o8 Cou*(.

I u/+- en - - no 8o* - Cou* o ene*-e e n, /e, 8: e*e-

-n8o*+-on /: /e-n o* /--n - -88e*en: 8*o+ - nnoune -e8 o /e.

!e *oeu-on +u 8-e n entirely new and proper  -n8o*+-on, 8o* - en-*e e7e*-e

o +e*- e e*-ou on-e*-on o8 e ou*.

ACCORINGL, I oe o GRAN! e e--on, D"A%# e **n o8 **e, n

ORER e -n8o*+-on 8o* *e/e-on o+e7e - +u*e* n +u-e 8*u*e

+u*e* -n *-+-n Ce No. 90H10941, R!C o8 Dueon C-:, I%MI%%E.

Coneuen:, e e--one* ou /e o*e*e e*+nen: released   n e-* /-

"an"elled .

 Paras, . , onu*.

BIDIN  . , "on"urrin# and dissentin#  

 

I onu* - e +>o*-: o-n-on e7e *e* e -o--e o*-on e*eo8 -

o*e* e *e+n o8 e e o e *eonen >ue 8o* 8u*e* *oee-n o 8-7 e

+oun o8 /- o /e oe /: e e--one*.

I u/+- e *oee-n nee no /e *e+ne o e *eonen >ue 8o* e

 u*oe o8 8-7-n /- -ne e e on*ue e -n-+en e*e-n *-n -+e

*e/e-on, n o88ene - - /-/e. Coneuen:, habeas "orpus  - e *oe*

*e+e: -/e o e--one* n ue o /een *e - -+e *e/e-on, /-/e o88ene /u o /een en-e - *- o /- /: e *eonen >ue -n

-o-on o8 e--one*? on-u-on *- o /-. In -e e*eo8, e *eon-/--: o8

8-7-n e +oun o8 /- n *o e*eo8 en 8-e, eoe uon u, -8 o+ee

*e-e8 - o /e o*e o e--one* -n e -nn *oee-n.

I - -nu/-/e /e8o*e on--on, +--on o /- - +e* o8 *- o e

e8enn, ue /e8o*e e Re-on !*- Cou* o8 n o88ene e n -

&%e-on 13 A*-e III, Con-u-on n %e-on 3, Rue 114(. 'e--one* -, /e8o*e ", on

e--on 8o* habeas "orpus *:-n, +on oe*, 8o* - *o--on *eee on /-.

%-ne e o88ene *e &on*ue -+e *e/e-on( +- o8 /-, - - -nu+/en

uon u -n e e7e*-e o8 ou* >u*---on oe* e e--on 8o* habeas "orpus &%e-on 5&1(, A*-e FIII, Con-u-on; %e-on 2, Rue 102(, o *n e--one* - *- o /-

n -n +-e -+ o /-, o 8-7 e +oun e*eo8 -n u u+ e ou*

ee+ *eon/e. !e*e8e*, e *ue *eu-*e e *oee-n oee* - e

 /on 8o*- /e e*-8-e o e *eonen *- ou* &%e-on 14, Rue 102(.

Ao*-n:, e /on -n e +oun o8 '100,000.00 oe /: e--one* 8o* -

 *o--on *eee u*un o ou* *eou-on e M* 6, 1990 ou no /eee+e n +-e - /- /on 8o* - *o--on *eee -n e e &-+e

*e/e-on( en-n /e8o*e e *eonen >ue, -ou nee-: o8 *e+n 8o* 8u*e*

 *oee-n, on--one 8o* - &e--one*?( e*ne /e8o*e e *- ou* o /-e

- o*e* o* >u+en -n e - e.

 

SARMIENTO  . , "on"urrin# and dissentin# 

I *ee  People $% Hernandez 1 ou /-e. Mo*e n *ee ee 8e* - -

enne, - 8-*+: ee -n e o+e o8 ou* >u*-*uene o**e o*-ne.

A #e*nne u -, *e/e-on +en en-n -n * -n e 8o*e o8 e

oe*n+en, 2  - -+-e *eo* o *+, *eu---on o8 *oe*: n e*-e,

oe-on o8 7e n on*-/u-on, *e*-n o8 -/e*:, +e o *oe*:, :-

-n>u*-e n o o8 -8e, n e une*, -ne n un-ne * ee -n -

@e . . . 3  ee* o++-e -n 8u*e*ne, o* nee*: +en 8o* e

 

o++--on, o* -n e ou*e, o8 *e/e-on. !o : *e/e-on +: /e o+e7e -

n: oe* o88ene, -n - e +u*e*, - o : -no on*--on -n e*+ /eue

e7:, *e/e-on -nue +u*e*, +on oe* o-/e *-+e.

I o *ee e -n8o*+-on +: n n u-on 8o* -+e *e/e-on. %-ne

e o+-ne o8 on-u-n *e/e-on e /een e+/o-e -n e -n8o*+-on,

+en-on e*e-n o8 +u*e* o+e7-n o88ene - u*ue, /eue -n n: e,

e *-+e o8 *e/e-on - e8 8u: e*-/e. 4 

A n: *e, e oe*n+en nee on: +en e -n8o*+-on /: e*- o**e-on,

-ne n +en+en - no e* - u/ne.

I -en, oee*, -no8* e +>o*-: o*e* e *e+n o8 e +e* o8 /- o e

oe* ou*. I @e - en e, -n ou* Reou-on o8 M* 6, 1990, *ne e e--one* *o--on -/e*: uon e 8--n o8 /on o8 '100,000.00, e *ne -+

 /-. !e 8 e e -+ *o--on -/e*: - -n +: -e, o8 no +o+en,

 /eue /- +en *o--on -/e*:. I - e*e no ue8u u*oe o e e *-

ou* e* e -n-en -n en e ou*ee e /een -8-e e e--one* -

en-e o e+o**: 8*eeo+.

Footnotes

1.99 '-. 515 &1956(.

2.'eoe . L, 2 %CRA. 2 &1956(; 'eoe . Ge*on-+o, 100 '-. 90 &1956(; 'eoe .

Ro+o, 103 '-. 20 &195(; n 'eoe . Ro*-ue, 10 '-. 659 &1960(.

3.Roo, G.R. No. 92163, . 32H34.

4.Roo, G.R. No. 92163, . 34 et se2.

5.Roo, G.R. No. 92163, . 26.

6.Roo G.R. No. 92163, . 305H359.

.O*--n: e--on 8o* "ertiorari n *o-/--on - e Cou*, uon +o-on o8 e

 e--one*, *eoe o *e e--on 8o* habeas "orpus6 Roo, G.R. No. 92164, .

12H129.

.Roo, G.R. No. 92163, . 40H411.

9.<e*nn, C.J., n N*, Co*e n G*-oHAu-no, JJ.

10.<e*nn, C.J. n N*, J.

 

10 A.!o Me+/e* *e on ee.

11.E7eu-e O*e* No. 1 -ue June 5, 19.

12.'eoe . #e*nne, supra  541H543.

13. &d%,  551.

14.Roo, G.R. No. 92163, . H9 n 3H6.

15.Supra, 8oonoe 4.

16.%o-en . M@-*, 16 %CRA 394.

1.Roo, G R. No. 92163, . 46H4.

1.%e. 2, Rue 11, Rue o8 Cou*.

19.O+o . Be*n/e, '-. 55.

20.Roo, G.R. No. 92164, . 124H125.

FELICIANO J. 2n2urring

1.AR!. 142HA.Cases where other o!!enses are "ommitted . ) Wen /: *eon o* on eo-on o8 n: o8 e *-+e en-e -n - Ce*, - on-ue o88ene

uon - *e* en-e *e -+oe /: *e o++-e, e en: 8o* e

+o e*-ou o88ene -n - +7-+u+ e*-o /e -+oe uon e o88ene*.

SARMIENTO J. 2n2urring $nd dissen"ing

1.99 '-. 515 &1956(.

2.Supra, 520.

3.Supra, 521.

4."% . %n-o, 41 '-. 93 &191(.