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UNIVESIDAD DE CARABOBO.

FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA.

ESCUELA DE INGENIERIA MECANICA.

DEPARTAMENTO DE MATERIALES Y PROCESOS DE FABRICACION.

LABORATORIO DE MATERIALES.

Practica No.: 5

Títuo !" a #r$ctica: Pr"#araci%& !" #ro'"ta( #ara

a&$i(i( )"tao*r$+ico.

No)'r" , a#"i!o: O(car Ro-a(

C"!ua !" i!"&ti!a!: /.012.304

Pro+"(or: "&&, 6a)'ra&o

Gru#o: 73

47 !" F"'r"ro8 749


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1. INTRODUCCION.

La M"tao*ra+ía o Micro(co#ía "(tu!ia )icro(c%#ica)"&t" a( caract"rí(tica(

"(tructura"( !" u& )"ta o !" u&a a"aci%&. Si& !u!a8 " )icro(co#io "( a

"rra)i"&ta )$( i)#orta&t" !" )"taur*i(ta ta&to !"(!" " #u&to !" ;i(ta ci"&tí+ico

co)o !"(!" " tu" ti"&"& *ra& "+"cto (o'r" a(

#ro#i"!a!"( )"c$&ica( !" )"ta. La )icro"(tructura r";"ar$ " trata)i"&to

)"c$&ico , t


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U&a )u"(tra 'a&!a (" #u"!" a#a&ar (i (" )u";" "&ta)"&t" acia arri'a , acia

a'a-o a tra;u" ";a a@)i&a8 +i&a)"&t"

)oi!a8 "& (u(#"&(i%&.

La u)"!a! !" "(to( !i(co( (" o'ti"&" #ro,"cta&!o co&tra "o(8 )i"&tra( *ira&8 u&

#">u"=o( corro #ro;"&i"&t" !" u& +ra(co >u" co&ti"&" a*ua , ci"rta ca&ti!a! !"

a@)i&a8 "(#"cia #ara "(t" o'-"to. a, !o( ti#o( !" a@)i&a )oi!a8 u&a )$(*ru"(a >u" a otra , (" ")#"a&8 (uc"(i;a)"&t": #ri)"ro8 a )$( *ru"(a , #or

@ti)o a )$( +i&a. a, )$>ui&a( "(#"cia"( co& !i(co( orio&ta"( #ara "(ta

o#"raci%&.

D"(#uu" " #ui)"&to a (i!o corr"cto8 a )u"(tra "(tar$

i(ta #ara r"ci'ir " r"acti;o >uí)ico co& >u"8 #or o *"&"ra8 (" " atacar$.

E #ro#%(ito !" ata>u" >uí)ico "( ac"r ;i(i'"( a( caract"rí(tica( "(tructura"( !"

)"ta o a"aci%&. E #roc"(o !"'" ("r ta >u" >u"!"& cara)"&t" !i+"r"&cia!a( a(

#art"( !" a )icro"(tructura. E(to (" o*ra )"!ia&t" u& r"acti;o a#ro#ia!o >u"(o)"t" a a (u#"r+ici" #ui!a a u&a acci%& >uí)ica.

E& a( a"acio&"( co)#u"(ta( !" !o( o )$( +a("(8 a( co)#o&"&t"( (" r";"a&

!ura&t" a acci%& >uí)ica8 a atacar #r"+"r"&cia)"&t"8 " r"acti;o8 a u&a o )$( !"

"(ta( co&(titu,"&t"( !"'i!o a a !i+"r"&cia "& co)#o(ici%& >uí)ica !" a( +a("(. E&

a( a"acio&"( u&i+or)"( !" u&a (oa +a(" o )"ta"( #uro(8 (" o'ti"&" co&tra(t" , a(

+ro&t"ra( !" *ra&o (" ac"& ;i(i'"( !"'i!o a a( !i+"r"&cia( "& a ra#i!" a >u" o(

!i;"r(o( *ra&o( (o& ataca!o( #or " r"acti;o. D"'i!o a ata>u" >uí)ico8 a(

+ro&t"ra( !" *ra&o a#ar"c"r$& co)o ;a"( "& a (u#"r+ici" #ui!a. A cocar co& a

oria !" "(to( ;a"(8 a u !" )icro(co#io (" r"+"-ar$ +u"ra !" )icro(co#io8

aci"&!o >u" a( +ro&t"ra( !" *ra&o a#ar"ca& co)o í&"a( o(cura(. 4


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2. OBJETIVOS

Objetivo general.

Co&oc"r a( t


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• M$>ui&a #ui!ora.

• Pa=o( !" #ui!o.

• Pa#""( A'ra(i;o(.

Mat"ria !" a'oratorio #i&a(8 *ua&t"( ai(a&t"(8 "tc.

Cro&o)"tro.

,. )ROCEDI&IENTO E-)ERI&ENT%$

%CTIVID%D N 1/ )reparai0n e las probetas.

E )at"ria a utiiar +u" u&a ca'ia !" co&(trucci%& >u" (" ";% a cortar )"!ia&t"

u&a corta!ora a'ra(i;a "& ;ario( #"!ao(8 u"*o !" "(to a, >u" !"t"r)i&ar (i a

#i"a r">ui"r" u& ")'uti!o8 " cua &o +u" a#ica!o8 ("*ui!a)"&t" a, >u" (o)"t"r

a #i"a a u& !"('a(t" *ru"(o co& a !"('a(ta!ora !" ci&ta a cua u(a u&a i-a

&@)"ro 078 "(to( #ri)"ro( #a(o( a r"aiar #ara a #r"#araci%& !" a( #ro'"ta( &o

+u"ro& ";a!o( a ca'o #or &o(otro(. P"ro o( #a(o( (i*ui"&t"( (i o( #u!i)o(

r"aiar.

Fi*ura 4. Corta!ora a'ra(i;a.


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Fi*ura . D"('a(ta!ora !" ci&ta.

• T"r)i&ar !" !"('a(tar a #ro'"ta co& i-a( !" &u)"raci%& 378 /78 3778

577 % 9778 r"(#"cti;a)"&t". D"(iar a( i-a( #or a (u#"r+ici" !" a #i"a

"& !ir"cci%& #"r#"&!icuar a a( í&"a( !" !"('a(t" >u" (" a& o't"&i!o

a(ta "i)i&ar !ica( í&"a( , a(í co)"&ar co& a (i*ui"&t".

• La;ar a #i"a co& a*ua #ara "i)i&ar o( r"(to( !" !"('a(t" , #ara "(tar

("*uro( !" t"&"r u& aca'a!o (u#"r+icia a#to #ara #uir.

• Puir a (u#"r+ici" >u" (" ";% a !"('a(tar co& u& #a=o !" #ui!o *ru"(o "&

u&a )a>ui&a *iratoria8 a o( cua"( (" "( ;a a a#icar a@)i&a "& (u(#"&(i%&

acuo(a !" 7.4 )icr%)"tro( #ara u"*o #uir a #ro'"ta !ura&t"a#ro?i)a!a)"&t" 5 )i&uto(.

• La;ar a #i"a #ara a("*urar >u" a (u#"r+ici" ti"&" u& 'u"& aca'a!o , u"*o

utiiar u& #a=o !" #ui!o +i&o.

• Puir a (u#"r+ici" !" a #i"a !ura&t" a#ro?i)a!a)"&t" / )i&uto( co& u&

#a=o !" #ui!o +i&o a cua (" " a#ic% a@)i&a "& (u(#"&(i%& acuo(a !"

7.74 )icr%)"tro(.

Fi*ura /. M$>ui&a !" #ui!o.


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• La;ar a #i"a u"*o !" r"aiar " #ui!o #ara ;"ri+icar a cai!a! !" a

(u#"r+ici" , a(í o'("r;ar "& " )icro(co#io o( !"ta"( !" uí)ica)"&t".

%CTIVID%D N 2/ &irosop!a.

• R"aiar " ata>u" >uí)ico !" a (u#"r+ici" a "(tu!iar8 #ara "o utiiar &ita

a H. R"aiar " ata>u" co& !i+"r"&t"( ti")#o( #ara ca!a #i"a: 8 58 08 4

, 7 ("*u&!o(8 "(to co& a,u!a !" u& cro&o)"tro.

• La;ar co& a*ua u"*o !" ata>u" , a#icar u& #oco !" "ta&o a a (u#"r+ici".

• S"car co& " ("ca!or )"tao*r$+ico.

• Or!"&ar a( #i"a( ("*@& " ti")#o !" ata>u" #ara ";ar u& r"*i(tro

a!"cua!o.

• O'("r;ar a( #ro'"ta( "& " )icro(co#io co& u& au)"&to !" 377 #ara

#o!"r "(tu!iar !" u&a )a&"ra "+ici"&t" a( "(tructura( !" ca!a #ro'"ta.

• D"t"r)i&ar a( !i(ti&ta( +a("( o'("r;a!a( "& a "(tructura.

• A&aiar , to)ar &ota !" a "+ici"&cia !" ca!a ti")#o !" ata>u" , (u(

co&("cu"&cia(.

. RESU$T%DOS OBTENIDOS

%tivia N31/ )reparai0n e las probetas.

A #ri&ci#io !" a acti;i!a! t"&ía)o( u&a (u#"r+ici" co& u& aca'a!o i&a!"cua!o

#ara ("r "(tu!ia!o "(tructura)"&t" co& u& )icro(co#io8 " cua a ca'o !"

!"('a(tar co& " cui!a!o !"'i!o , #uir co& " !"'i!o ti")#o , a#icaci%&8 (" ";%

a u&a (u#"r+ici" co& u& aca'a!o #a&o !" "(#"-o co& ato #ui)"&to. Pu!i"&!o

"i)i&ar a( !"+or)acio&"( (u#"r+icia"( , a( ra,a( +i&a( "& a (u#"r+ici" !" a

#ro'"ta.


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Fi*ura 3. Aca'a!o +i&a !" a #ro'"ta.

%tivia N32. &irosop!a.

A ";ar a ca'o " ata>u" !" a( #i"a( , ("*ui!a)"&t" a ;i(uaiaci%& !" a"(tructura !" ca!a u&a )"!ia&t" " )icro(co#io (" #u!o o't"&"r !i+"r"&t"(

r"(uta!o( !" acu"r!o a ti")#o co& " >u" (" atacaro&:

Para u& ata>u" !" !o( ("*u&!o( (" #u!o o't"&"r u&a "(tructura "& a cua a( +a("(

ca(i &o (" #u"!"& !i+"r"&ciar.

Fi*ura 5. Ata>u" !" ("*u&!o(.

A "(tu!iar a (u#"r+ici" >u" (" ";% a atacar #or 5 ("*u&!o( (" #u"!"& ;"r u&

#oco )$( a( +a("( "?i(t"&t"( "& a #i"a.

Fi*ura 9. Ata>u" !" 5 ("*u&!o(.


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D"(#uu" !" 0 ("*u&!o(.

Ya co& u& ata>u" !" !oc" ("*u&!o( (" co)i"&a a ;i(uaiar #u&to( &"*ro( "& a

+a(".

Fi*ura 0. Ata>u" !" 4 ("*u&!o(.

Para u& ata>u" !" ;"i&t" ("*u&!o( (" #u"!" o'("r;ar )uca !i+u(i%& "& a i)a*"&

, )a,or ca&ti!a! !" #u&to( &"*ro(.

Fi*ura 1. Ata>u" !" 7 ("*u&!o(.

4. %N%$ISIS DE RESU$T%DOS

%tivia N31/ )reparai0n e las probetas.

%tivia N32/ &irosop!a.


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5. CONC$USIONES

6. RE7ERENCI%S BIB$IO8R%7IC%S

4 AVNER S. 4100 I&tro!ucci%& a a )"taur*ia +í(ica. E!itoria McGraJKi

M

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