Upload
damian-sullivan
View
218
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Human Culture History: Hunter-Gatherer Culture Hunter-gatherers Usually limited environmental impact Nomadic
Citation preview
Environmental History: Learning from the Past
Overview
Human Cultural History
U.S. Environmental History
Aldo Leopold
Human Culture History:Hunter-Gatherer Culture
Hunter-gatherers
Usually limited environmental impact
Nomadic
Human Culture History:The Agricultural Revolution
Agriculture: stay put and farm instead of gathering
Slash and burn/ shifting cultivation
Essentially sustainable resource use.
Increased environmental impact.
Human Culture History:The Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution (mid-1700’s) Medical Revolution
Shift to dependence on non-renewable resources.
Dramatic increase in environmental impact.
Human Culture History:The Information Revolution
Information Revolution
Rate of information increase and speed of communication
Globalization
Decrease in cultural diversity
United States Environmental History:The Tribal and Frontier Eras
Tribal Era : Native Americans caused some extinctions, but generally were low-impact hunter-gather or agricultural societies
Frontier Era Environmental Worldview: European Settlement (1607-1890)
Significant impact as wilderness frontier was “tamed”
United States Environmental History:The Early Conservation Era
Early Conservation Era: 1832-1960
Concern over resource use
Preservation of public lands
Public health initiatives
Environmental restoration projects
Important Figures During The Early Conservation Era
Henry David ThoreauGeorge Perkins Marsh
John MuirTheodore RooseveltGifford PinchotFranklin Roosevelt
United States Environmental History:The Environmental Era
The Environmental Era (1960-Today) Began with Silent Spring
The first Earth Day 1970
1980’s: Backlash against environmentalism
1970’s: Major environmental Laws
2000’s: Some backlash against environmentalism2010’s: Environmentalism ?
1990’s : Environmental awareness
Important Figures of the Environmental Era
Rachel Carson: Silent Spring (1962)
Richard Nixon: EPA; ESA
Jimmy Carter: DOE, Superfund (CERCLA)
Important Figures During the Environmental Era
Ronald Reagan
Bill Clinton
George W. Bush Jr.
Other Key Figures in the Environmental Movement• Abbey, Edward • Adams, Ansel• Audubon, John• Bennet, Hugh• Berry, Wendell• Borlang, Norman• Commoner, Barry• Ehrlich, Paul
Other Key Figures in the Environmental Movement
• Hamilton, Alice• Hardin, Garrett• Gibbs, Lois• Nader, Ralph• Simon, Julian• Sinclair, Upton
Aldo Leopold and His Land Ethic
A Sand County Almanac
Problems arise when land viewed as a commodity
Preservation of the integrity, stability, and beauty of land is right
Aldo Leopold and His Land Ethic
Individuals are interdependent
Ethics: respect for land
Shift from conqueror to member